neurotransmitter secretion

The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.


maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


axon target recognition

The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.


gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell or a tissue. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues.


cellular response to lithium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.


synaptic vesicle endocytosis

A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms.


synaptic vesicle priming

A process that converts synaptic vesicles to a state of competence for calcium triggered fusion with the active zone membrane by bringing the two membranes into very close proximity. Priming typically (but not always) occurs after docking (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012). Primed vesicles are also capable of spontaneously fusing with the active zone membrane.


SNARE complex disassembly

The disaggregation of the SNARE protein complex into its constituent components. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of receptor molecules to an active state and an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal.


central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.


acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Selectively enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens upon binding acetylcholine.


synaptic vesicle maturation

Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.


axo-dendritic transport

The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections.


mitochondrion transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.


regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.


microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.


calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter

The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels.


monoatomic ion-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific ion stimulus.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.


synaptic vesicle transport

The directed movement of synaptic vesicles.


establishment of monopolar cell polarity

The specification and formation of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.


regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


synaptic vesicle docking

The initial (indirect) attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic active zone membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane and proteins of the presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component. Synaptic vesicle tethering is the first step in this process.


dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


negative regulation of cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The intracellular signaling pathway that results in the cessation of cell movement involved in lamination of the cerebral cortex.


collateral sprouting in absence of injury

The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


kainate selective glutamate receptor activity

An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate, acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium and potassium, and for which kainate is an agonist.


ganglioside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues.


exocyst assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of various polypeptides into the exocyst complex.


ephrin receptor activity

Combining with an ephrin receptor ligand to initiate a change in cell activity.


neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.


neurogenesis

Generation of cells within the nervous system.


neuron migration

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.


cerebral cortex neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex.


cell proliferation in forebrain

The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells.


forebrain neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.


cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration

The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.


central nervous system neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system.


cerebral cortex tangential migration

The migration of cells in the cerebral cortex in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.


forebrain cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain.


forebrain neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


cerebral cortex cell migration

The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.


cell differentiation in hindbrain

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The movement of a cell along the process of a radial glial cell involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.


striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a medium spiny neuron residing in the striatum.


biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).


oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.


DHB13_HUMAN 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (sprot)

A 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HLPDA_HUMAN Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein (sprot)

A hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


FITM1_HUMAN Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 1 (sprot)

A fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FITM2_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase FITM2 (sprot)

An acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase FITM2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


presynapse

The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.


postsynapse

The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.


phagophore

A disk-like structure that expands, rounds up into a cup-shaped structure, and eventually closes around its cargo (for example cytoplasmic components) to become an autophagosome or Cvt vesicle.


pancreas

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO].


olfactory receptor cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


GABA-ergic synapse

A synapse that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter. These synapses are typically inhibitory.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


olfactory tubercle

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Region in the ventral telencephalon, prominent in rodents, but present in all mammals, consisting of a laminated cortical part and the cap/hilus region. It is traditionally viewed as part of the olfactory cortex but recognized by some as having a striatal character. According to many authors, the structure of the OT transitions from cortical like to striatal like along the lateral medial axis. (Maryann Martone).


cerebellum

Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA].


G protein-coupled receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a chemokine receptor.


CXCR chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.


proton channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a hydrogen ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


sphingosine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of sphingolipid long chain bases.


phospholipid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell.


maltose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of a membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch.


wide pore channel activity

Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a large pore, un-gated channel. Examples include gap junctions, which transport substances from one cell to another; and porins which transport substances in and out of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.


type I interferon receptor activity

Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


protein binding involved in heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Binding to a protein or protein complex contributing to the adhesion of two different types of cells.


bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


protein-hormone receptor activity

Combining with a protein hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position.


NAR1_MOUSE GPI-linked NAD(P)(+)--arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A GPI-linked NAD(P)(+)--arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 5 isoform 1 (mouse)

An ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 5 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


dual specificity protein kinase TTK isoform m1 (mouse)

A dual specificity protein kinase TTK (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P35761-1.


serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform 2 (mouse)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. This isoform is shorter than isoform 1 at the C-terminal region due to usage of exon IXb. This isoform has predominant expression in the testis.


serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform 1 farnesylated 1 (mouse)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform 1 (mouse) that has a farnesyl moiety on a Cys residue in the most C-terminal Cys. UniProtKB:Q9WTK7-1, Cys-433, MOD:00111.


CEACAM1a-4 N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, signal peptide removed form that is the signal cleavage product of allele CEACAM1a in mouse with four copies of the Ig domain and includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine.


CEACAM1a-2 N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, signal peptide removed form that is the signal cleavage product of allele CEACAM1a in mouse with two copies of the Ig domain and includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine.


CTL1_MOUSE Choline transporter-like protein 1 (sprot)

A choline transporter-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform long (mouse)

A glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform long that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha isoform m2 (mouse)

An interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26952-3.


interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha isoform m1 (mouse)

An interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26952-1.


protein kinase C beta type isoform Beta-II (mouse)

A protein kinase C beta type isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


protein kinase C beta type isoform Beta-I (mouse)

A protein kinase C beta type isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CCL5_HUMAN C-C motif chemokine 5 (sprot)

A C-C motif chemokine 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL8_HUMAN Interleukin-8 (sprot)

An interleukin-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SDF1_HUMAN Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (sprot)

A stromal cell-derived factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXL11_HUMAN C-X-C motif chemokine 11 (sprot)

A C-X-C motif chemokine 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSDMD_HUMAN Gasdermin-D (sprot)

A gasdermin-D that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSDME_HUMAN Gasdermin-E (sprot)

A gasdermin-E that is encoded in the genome of human.


PERF_HUMAN Perforin-1 (sprot)

A perforin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


INAR1_HUMAN Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 (sprot)

An interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


INAR2_HUMAN Interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 (sprot)

An interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSDMA_HUMAN Gasdermin-A (sprot)

A gasdermin-A that is encoded in the genome of human.


BAIG_CLOSV Bile acid transporter (sprot)


EXTL3_HUMAN Exostosin-like 3 (sprot)

An exostosin-like 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


postsynaptic density membrane

The membrane component of the postsynaptic density. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


presynaptic active zone membrane

The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone; it is the site where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters.


postsynaptic density, intracellular component

A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane forming an electron dense disc. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


glutamatergic synapse

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.


presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component

A specialized region below the presynaptic membrane, characterized by electron-dense material, a specialized cytoskeletal matrix and accumulated (associated) synaptic vesicles.


presynaptic cytosol

The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse.


glycinergic synapse

A synapse that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter.


dopaminergic synapse

A synapse that uses dopamine as a neurotransmitter.


extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane

The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


cholinergic synapse

A synapse that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.


neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle.


neuronal dense core vesicle

A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals.


postsynaptic cytosol

The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse.


extrinsic component of neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

The component of the neuronal dense core vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse.


extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


perisynaptic extracellular matrix

The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the perisynaptic space.


serotonergic synapse

A synapse that uses serotonin as a neurotransmitter.


postsynaptic specialization

A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

The region of the presynaptic membrane that is part of the presynaptic endocytic zone - where synaptic vesicles are endocytosed and recycled following release.


postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component

A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic specialization membrane

The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of presynaptic active zone membrane

The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


chaperone-mediated protein folding

The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone.


transport

The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.


neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).


regulation of synaptic vesicle priming

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission.


synaptic vesicle clustering

The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures.


structural constituent of presynaptic active zone

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic active zone.


neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

The active transport of neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action of proton pumps.


structural constituent of postsynaptic density

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic density.


synaptic vesicle budding from endosome

Budding of synaptic vesicles during the formation of constitutive recycling vesicles from early endosomes.


synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion

Fusion of a synaptic vesicle with an endosome.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in synaptic transmission. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.


presynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


regulation of postsynaptic specialization assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic specialization assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic specialization.


regulation of presynapse assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.


regulation of postsynaptic density assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density.


regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse.


anterograde dendritic transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex

The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.


RHEB_HUMAN GTP-binding protein Rheb (sprot)

A GTP-binding protein Rheb that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSC2_HUMAN Tuberin (sprot)

A tuberin that is encoded in the genome of human.


AT2B2_HUMAN Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 (sprot)

A plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AT2B3_HUMAN Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 (sprot)

A plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPTXR_HUMAN Neuronal pentraxin receptor (sprot)

A neuronal pentraxin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


RL30_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein eL30 (sprot)

A large ribosomal subunit protein eL30 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARFG1_HUMAN ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CPEB_APLCA Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein (sprot)


CLCN3_HUMAN H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 (sprot)

An H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LRRT3_HUMAN Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 3 (sprot)

A leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of defense response to bacterium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


cellular anatomical entity

A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex.


osteoblast differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.


insulin receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.


insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


bone development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.


pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


neuromuscular junction development

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.


stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays a signal.


cellular hyperosmotic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


p38MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade containing at least the p38MAPK (MAPK14) MAP kinase, or Hog1 in yeast. It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and of p38MAPK. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The p38MAPK cascade is activated by stress signals, including hyperosmolarity, as well as by G protein-coupled receptors, growth factors, and cytokines, and results in cellular responses such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation.


pheromone response MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade containing at least the Fus3 MAP kinase. It starts with the activation of Ste20, a MAP4K, which activates Ste11, a MAP3K, which in turn activate Ste7, a MAP2K, which activates Fus3. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. This MAPK cascade is triggered by a pheromone activating its G protein-coupled receptor, and results in cellular responses that lead to conjugation with cellular fusion.


epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


torso signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to torso (a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ERBB signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


receptor internalization

A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane.


guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.


mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding

Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase.


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding

Binding to a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.


mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding

Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.


protein kinase C binding

Binding to protein kinase C.


signaling receptor complex adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that provides a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein receptor signaling complex.


GTP binding

Binding to GTP, guanosine triphosphate.


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


epidermal growth factor receptor activity

Combining with an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


epidermal growth factor receptor binding

Binding to an epidermal growth factor receptor.


phosphotyrosine residue binding

Binding to a phosphorylated tyrosine residue within a protein.


receptor tyrosine kinase binding

Binding to a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.


neuregulin receptor activity

Combining with a neuregulin, a member of the EGF family of growth factors, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor and one or more other proteins, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


insulin receptor activity

Combining with insulin receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


insulin-like growth factor receptor activity

Combining with insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


stalled ribosome sensor activity

A molecule that recognizes stalled ribosomes and initiates a signaling response.


ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y = Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.


type B pancreatic cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


synaptic transmission, cholinergic

The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


acetylcholine receptor activity

Combining with an acetylcholine receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


MK14_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MK11_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MK12_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MK13_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MP2K6_HUMAN Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (sprot)

A dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MP2K3_HUMAN Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (sprot)

A dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform p52Shc (mouse)

An shc-transforming protein 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 20 isoform ZAKalpha (human)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 20 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9NYL2-1.


VGFR2_HUMAN Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FYN_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn that is encoded in the genome of human.


M3K5_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.


RNA splicing

The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


secretion

The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue.


protein sumoylation

The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.


response to chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.


phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.


catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.


localization

Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), activation of PDK1, which recruits and ending with the activation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). PI3K is activated by cell surface receptors. Note that PTEN is an inhibitor of the pathway.


smoothened signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.


mesodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


endodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


hemopoiesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.


defense response to fungus

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.


defense response to virus

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.


cellular response to lipopolysaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


macrophage activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.


thyroid gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.


cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


activin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes mediated by RNA polymerase II.


cellular response to interferon-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


cellular response to zinc ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.


cellular response to type II interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.


positive regulation of interferon-beta production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone biosynthetic process.


calcium ion binding

Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+).


transcription factor binding

Binding to a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.


BMP receptor binding

Binding to a BMP receptor.


oxysterol binding

Binding to oxysterol, an oxidized form of cholesterol.


JNK cascade

A MAPK cascade containing at least the JNK (MAPK8) MAP kinase. It starts with the activation of JUN3K (a MAPK3K), which activates JNKK a MAP2K), which in turn activates JNK. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The JNK cascade is activated by stress signals, as well as by G protein-coupled receptors, growth factors, and cytokines, and results in cellular responses such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation.


activin receptor activity, type I

Combining with activin-bound type II activin receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of activin signals.


non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein.


activin receptor activity

Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta.


co-SMAD binding

Binding to a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.


3',2'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(2'-5') (cyclic 3',2' GAMP).


3',2'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to 3',2' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 2',5' linkages.


2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to 2',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 2',5' and 3',5' linkages.


double-stranded RNA binding

Binding to double-stranded RNA.


protein serine kinase activity (using GTP as donor)

Catalysis of the reactions: GTP + L-seryl-[protein] = GDP + H+ + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein].


JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


adenylate cyclase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of adenylate cyclase.


glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activity

Combining with glucagon-like peptide 1 and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glutamate + reduced vitamin K + CO2 + O2 = peptidyl-gamma-carboxyglutamate + vitamin K epoxide.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase.


molecular function inhibitor activity

A molecular function regulator that inhibits or decreases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.


interleukin-22 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-22 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


nodal signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.


primitive hemopoiesis

A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells.


tissue regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.


primitive red blood cell

A large nucleated basophilic erythrocyte found in mammalian embryos. This cell type arises from the blood islands of yolk sacs and expresses different types of hemoglobins (beta-H1, gamma-1 and zeta) than adult erythrocytes. Considered a type of erythroblast as this cell type can enucleate in circulation.


REG3A_HUMAN Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha (sprot)

A regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTN6_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITB2L_MOUSE Integrin beta-2-like protein (sprot)

An integrin beta-2-like protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ITB2_MOUSE Integrin beta-2 (sprot)

An integrin beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


melanocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte.


hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.


glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.


compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.


myoblast maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


lymphangiogenesis

Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels.


RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex

A heterodimer of NF-kappa B p50 and p65 subunits.


CLOCK-BMAL transcription complex

Transcription factor complex which interacts with E-box regulatory elements in target genes, including Period (Per1, Per2, Per3) and Cryptochrome (Cry1, Cry2), to activate their transcription during the daytime. The CRY-PER complexes inhibit CLOCK-BMAL1-driven transcription in a negative feedback loop to generate circadian rhythms.


GDF2_HUMAN Growth/differentiation factor 2 (sprot)

A growth/differentiation factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACVL1_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AVR2B_HUMAN Activin receptor type-2B (sprot)

An activin receptor type-2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


PCKGC_HUMAN Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] (sprot)

A phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] that is encoded in the genome of human.


INSI1_HUMAN Insulin-induced gene 1 protein (sprot)

An insulin-induced gene 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


INSI2_HUMAN Insulin-induced gene 2 protein (sprot)

An insulin-induced gene 2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


IMB1_HUMAN Importin subunit beta-1 (sprot)

An importin subunit beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MBTP2_HUMAN Membrane-bound transcription factor site-2 protease (sprot)

A membrane-bound transcription factor site-2 protease that is encoded in the genome of human.


MBTP1_HUMAN Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease (sprot)

A membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease that is encoded in the genome of human.


TYK2_HUMAN Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 (sprot)

A non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CALM1_HUMAN Calmodulin-1 (sprot)

A calmodulin (human) that is a translation product of the CALM1 gene.


KCC2A_HUMAN Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha (sprot)

A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


V_MUMPS Non-structural protein V (sprot)


IL33_HUMAN Interleukin-33 (sprot)

An interleukin-33 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL22_HUMAN Interleukin-22 (sprot)

An interleukin-22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


I22R1_HUMAN Interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

An interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


XAF1_HUMAN XIAP-associated factor 1 (sprot)

An XIAP-associated factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TLR9_HUMAN Toll-like receptor 9 (sprot)

A Toll-like receptor 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRBP2_HUMAN RISC-loading complex subunit TARBP2 (sprot)

A RISC-loading complex subunit TARBP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


auditory hair cell

A mechanoreceptor cell of the auditory or vestibular system that is sensitive to auditory stimuli. The accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system.


follicular epithelial cell

An epithelial somatic cell associated with a maturing oocyte.


cochlear inner hair cell

A bulbous cell that is medially placed in one row in the organ of Corti. In contrast to the outer hair cells, the inner hair cells are fewer in number, have fewer sensory hairs, and are less differentiated.


radial glial cell

A cell present in the developing CNS. Functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration.


respiratory epithelial cell

An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract.


tracheal epithelial cell

An epithelial cell found in the trachea.


dopaminergic neuron

A neuron that releases dopamine as a neurotransmitter.


renal principal cell

A cuboidal epithelial cell of the kidney which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The activity of sodium and potassium channels on the apical membrane of the cell is regulated by aldosterone and vasopressin. In mammals this cell type is located in the renal collecting duct system.


mesangial cell

A cell type that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney. This cell secretes mesangial matrix that provides the structural support for the capillaries.


mature NK T cell

A mature alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage that bears natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response.


colon epithelial cell

Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium.


type EC enteroendocrine cell

A subtype of enteroendocrine cells found in the gastrointestinal mucosa, particularly in the glands of pyloric antrum; duodenum; and ileum. These cell type secretes serotonin and some neurotransmitters including enkephalins and substance P. Their secretory granules stain readily with silver (argentaffin stain).


primary oocyte

A primary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed female meosis I.


A recently activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, and CD25-positive.


regulatory T cell

A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release.


outer plexiform layer of retina

The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells[ZFA]. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells[GO].


kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell


peptic cell

A cell that is usually basal in position, cuboidal with round nucleus, short microvilli, secretes pepsinogen.


parietal cell

A large, oval stomach epithelial cell with a central nucleus; source of gastric acid. Secretes HCl.


outer nuclear layer of retina

The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside.


kidney epithelial cell

An epithelial cell of the kidney.


retinal rod cell

One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.


germ line stem cell

A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes.


retinal neural layer

The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO].


trigeminal nucleus

A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex.


germ line cell

A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.


thyrotroph

A basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin. This cell type is elongated, polygonal and lie in clusters towards the adenohypophyseal center.


multi-ciliated epithelial cell

A ciliated epithelial cell with many cilia.


ventral horn of spinal cord

The ventral grey column of the spinal cord[MP]. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output[GO].


mature neutrophil

A fully differentiated neutrophil, a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. They are produced in bone marrow at a rate of 5e10-10e10/day and have a half-life of 6-8 hours. Neutrophils are CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD43-positive, CD181-positive, and CD182-positive.


retina horizontal cell

A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina.


luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland

A mammary epithelial cell that occurs in the lumen of the ductal and alveoli structure in the breast.


blood cell

A cell found predominately in the blood.


brush cell of trachebronchial tree

Infrequent type of columnar epithelial cell. This cell is characterized by the presence of a tuft of blunt, squat microvilli (approximately 120-140/cell) on the cell surface. The microvilli contain filaments that stretch into the underlying cytoplasm. They have a distinctive pear shape with a wide base and a narrow microvillous apex. Function not known.


club cell

A non-mucous, epithelial secretory cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. A club cell has short microvilli but no cilia. A club cell is able to multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium and it also protects the tracheobronchial epithelium.


male gonocyte

A primordial germ cell that is destined to become a male germ cell.


serotonergic neuron

A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter.


layer of neocortex

One of the layers of the neocortex. These layers are defined by distinctive populations of cells based on somata size, shape, or density, that are aligned into sheets.


secondary spermatocyte

One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids.


immature neutrophil

Any of the immature forms of a neutrophil in which neutrophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking.


oogonial cell

An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes.


epithelial cell of large intestine

An epithelial cell of the large intestine.


hematopoietic cell

A cell of a hematopoietic lineage.


vestibular ganglion

The ganglion of the vestibular nerve. It contains the cell bodies of the bipolar primary afferent neurons whose peripheral processes form synaptic contact with hair cells of the vestibular sensory end organs[WP,unvetted]. Distributed to the maculae of the utricle and saccule and to the ampullary crests of the semicircular ducts. The vestibular fibers arise in bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion in the internal acoustic meatus.


cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


beta-catenin destruction complex

A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.


ciliary microtubule-associated protein 3 isoform m1 (mouse)

A ciliary microtubule-associated protein 3 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9D9W1-1.


KAP2_HUMAN cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex

An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.


KAP3_HUMAN cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAP0_HUMAN cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAP1_HUMAN cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


pyruvate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: = ADP + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate => ATP + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in a protein substrate.


translation initiation factor activity

Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


miRNA binding

Binding to a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methylcytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+. This modification can occur on seversal residues, including cytidine(34), cytidine(40), cytidine(48), and cytidine(49).


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N3-methylcytidine in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


SUMO-ubiquitin ligase activity

Isoenergetic transfer of SUMO from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin = Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


identical protein binding

Binding to an identical protein or proteins.


protein kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity

Modulation of the activity of the enzyme cAMP-dependent protein kinase.


regulation of cell size

Any process that modulates the size of a cell.


histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding

Binding to a region containing frequent adenine and uridine bases within the 3' untranslated region of a mRNA molecule or in pre-mRNA intron. The ARE-binding element consensus is UUAUUUAUU. ARE-binding proteins control the stability and/or translation of mRNAs.


ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity

Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin = Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


5'-3' RNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule.


neuropeptide receptor binding

Binding to a neuropeptide receptor.


neuropeptide receptor activity

Combining with a neuropeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


dystroglycan binding

Binding to dystroglycan, a glycoprotein found in non-muscle tissues as well as in muscle tissues, often in association with dystrophin. The native dystroglycan cleaved into two non-covalently associated subunits, alpha (N-terminal) and beta (C-terminal).


tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding

Binding to a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.


JUN kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: JNKK + ATP = JNKK phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinases (JNKKs).


phosphatidylinositol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


long-chain fatty acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


protein serine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate.


protein-folding chaperone binding

Binding to a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.


serine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Ser) = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).


Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + adenine(37) in tRNA = AMP + N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA.


dipeptidyl-peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.


K48-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 in the target protein.


tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + ATP + tRNA(Tyr) = L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: A + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = B + succinate + CO2. This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into each donor.


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.


ISG15 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 are covalent linkages.


ISG15 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier ISG15, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


protein tag activity

A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.


nuclear localization sequence binding

Binding to a nuclear localization sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + serotonin.


calcium,diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


cholate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA and (2) ATP + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.


choloyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + H2O = cholate + CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


3alpha-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD+ = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H+ + NADH.


bile-acid 7alpha-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oate = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oate + H2O.


Atg12 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y = Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages.


G-protein alpha-subunit binding

Binding to a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Regulatory subunits can link a PI3K catalytic subunit to upstream signaling events and help position the catalytic subunits close to their lipid substrates.


linear polyubiquitin binding

Binding to a linear polymer of ubiquitin. Linear ubiquitin polymers are formed by linking the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule to the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next.


diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group to a sulphur atom within a cysteine residue of a protein.


cytoskeletal anchor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings together a cytoskeletal protein (either a microtubule or actin filament, spindle pole body, or protein directly bound to them) and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + queuosine34 in tRNA(Asp) = GDP + H+ + O-4''-alpha-D-mannosylqueuosine34 in tRNA(Asp).


Catalysis of the reaction: queuosine34 in tRNA + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = H+ + O-5''-beta-D-galactosylqueuosine34 in tRNATyr + UDP. Substrates include tRNA(Tyr) and tRNA(Asp).


tRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in a tRNA molecule.


cystathionine gamma-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystathionine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + L-cysteine + NH4+.


lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.


cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + L-homocysteine = cystathionine + H2O.


transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups

Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


positive regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.


fibroblast growth factor 13 isoform 2 (mouse)

A fibroblast growth factor 13 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RBSK_HUMAN Ribokinase (sprot)

A ribokinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptide antigen

Any peptide displayed by major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Class I MHC accommodate 8 to 13-residue peptides whereas class II MHC can bind 10 to 30-residue peptides, the optimal size being 12 to 16 residues.


Conjugate base of 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid.


cholate

A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of cholic acid.


A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of 3-oxocholoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


An acyl-CoA(4-) that is the tetraanion of choloyl-CoA, arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions.


Any dibenzodioxine in which two or more hydrogens have been replaced by chlorines.


G3UVW8_MOUSE ELK3, member of ETS oncogene family (trembl)

An ETS domain-containing protein Elk-3 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:G3UVW8.


RNA-binding protein FXR1 isoform G (mouse)

An RNA-binding protein FXR1 isoform G that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RNA-binding protein FXR1 isoform E (mouse)

An RNA-binding protein FXR1 isoform E that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RNA-binding protein FXR1 isoform D (mouse)

An RNA-binding protein FXR1 isoform D that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


heat shock protein 105 kDa isoform HSP105-alpha (mouse)

A heat shock protein 105 kDa (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q61699-1.


cell division control protein 42 isoform 1 prenylated-cysteine methyl ester 1 (mouse)

A cell division control protein 42 isoform 1 (mouse) that has been geranylgeranylated on the Cys residue within the C-terminal CaaX motif (a=an aliphatic residue, X=any residue), followed by cleavage of aaX and methylation of the Cys. UniProtKB:P60766-1, 1-188, Cys-188, MOD:01119.


RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 3 isoform 4 (mouse)

An RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 3 isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


mitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase isoform 2 (mouse)

A mitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform 1 (mouse)

A BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


disabled homolog 2 isoform 1 (mouse)

A disabled homolog 2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform 1 (mouse)

A sperm-associated antigen 16 protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8K450-1.


protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B isoform m1 phosphorylated 2 (mouse)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B isoform m1 (mouse) that has been phosphorylated at Ser-97. UniProtKB:Q60829-1, Ser-97, MOD:00046.


potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform A (mouse)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNH2 isoform A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform 1 (mouse)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. This isoform includes the sequence encoded by exon IXa. This isoform is widely expressed.


serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform 1 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform 1 unphosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q9WTK7-1, Tyr-261/Tyr-365, PR:000026291.


disks large homolog 2 isoform m3 (mouse)

A disks large homolog 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q91XM9-3.


interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform 1 (mouse)

An interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


synaptotagmin-8 isoform 2 (mouse)

A synaptotagmin-8 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9R0N6-2.


double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 2 (mouse)

A double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. This form is produced by alternative splicing of isoform 1.


double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 1 (mouse)

A double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 isoform m2 (mouse)

A coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q810U5-2.


coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 isoform 1 (mouse)

A coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 chromosomal region candidate gene 12 protein isoform 1 (mouse)

A flagellum-associated coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 chromosomal region candidate gene 12 protein isoform 2 (mouse)

A flagellum-associated coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


dynamin-1-like protein isoform 3 (mouse)

A dynamin-1-like protein isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


dynamin-1-like protein isoform m1 (mouse)

A dynamin-1-like protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8K1M6-1.


sentrin-specific protease 2 isoform 3 (mouse)

A sentrin-specific protease 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q91ZX6-3.


intercellular adhesion molecule 4 isoform 1 (mouse)

An intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9ERM2-1.


intercellular adhesion molecule 4 isoform 2 (mouse)

An intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9ERM2-2.


NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3 isoform 2 (mouse)

An NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8R104-2.


carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein isoform 1 (mouse)

A carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99MZ3-1.


Arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform 1 (mouse)

An Arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CALCA gene translation product (mouse)

A CALCA gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Q1A6V1_MOUSE phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (trembl)

A type II inositol 3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q1A6V1.


Q1A6V0_MOUSE Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II alpha short isoform (trembl)

A type II inositol 3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q1A6V0.


gametogenetin isoform m2 (mouse)

A gametogenetin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q80WJ1-2.


protein CDV3 isoform 2 (mouse)

A protein CDV3 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


protein CDV3 isoform 1 (mouse)

A protein CDV3 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


OFCC1_MOUSE Orofacial cleft 1 candidate gene 1 protein homolog (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the Ofcc1 gene in mouse.


brain-specific homeobox protein homolog isoform 2 (mouse)

A brain-specific homeobox protein homolog (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q810B3-2.


adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 isoform 1 (mouse)

An adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


interleukin-1 alpha isoform 1 precursor (mouse)

An interleukin-1 alpha isoform 1 (mouse) that has not been subjected to any proteolytic cleavage. UniProtKB:P01582-1, 1-270.


72 kDa type IV collagenase isoform 2 (mouse)

A 72 kDa type IV collagenase isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


G5DDB7_MOUSE Phosphoinositide phospholipase C (trembl)

A 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


thyroid hormone receptor alpha isoform Alpha-deltaE6 (mouse)

A thyroid hormone receptor alpha isoform Alpha-deltaE6 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Wilms tumor protein homolog isoform 1 (mouse)

A Wilms tumor protein isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Wilms tumor protein homolog isoform 4 (mouse)

A Wilms tumor protein isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


runt-related transcription factor 2 isoform 8 (mouse)

A runt-related transcription factor 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q08775-8.


runt-related transcription factor 2 isoform 9 (mouse)

A runt-related transcription factor 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q08775-9.


IRAK1_HUMAN Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (sprot)

An interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CASP1_HUMAN Caspase-1 (sprot)

A caspase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DDX3X_HUMAN ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X (sprot)

An ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X that is encoded in the genome of human.


recycling endosome

An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.


axon terminus

Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.


S14L1_HUMAN SEC14-like protein 1 (sprot)

A SEC14-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CTND1_HUMAN Catenin delta-1 (sprot)

A catenin delta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTN11_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TERA_HUMAN Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (sprot)

A transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYSC_HUMAN Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (sprot)

A serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


MET2A_HUMAN tRNA N(3)-methylcytidine methyltransferase METTL2A (sprot)

A tRNA N(3)-methylcytidine methyltransferase METTL2A that is encoded in the genome of human.


OSGEP_HUMAN tRNA N6-adenosine threonylcarbamoyltransferase (sprot)

A tRNA N6-adenosine threonylcarbamoyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


IF2A_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRAA_HUMAN Granzyme A (sprot)

A granzyme A that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRAB_HUMAN Granzyme B (sprot)

A granzyme B that is encoded in the genome of human.


DPP8_HUMAN Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 (sprot)

A dipeptidyl peptidase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


5NTC_HUMAN Cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase (sprot)

A cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MK08_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CIKS_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF3IP2 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF3IP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MK01_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPI2_CWPXB Serine proteinase inhibitor 2 (sprot)


ZBP1_HUMAN Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A Z-DNA-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PG065_VACCW RNA-binding protein OPG065 (sprot)


IFIT3_HUMAN Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (sprot)

An interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PG025_VACCW Ankyrin repeat protein OPG025 (sprot)


IFIT2_HUMAN Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (sprot)

An interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CASP8_HUMAN Caspase-8 (sprot)

A caspase-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EIF2A_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A that is encoded in the genome of human.


IF2B_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HSPB1_HUMAN Heat shock protein beta-1 (sprot)

A heat shock protein beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DDC_HUMAN Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (sprot)

An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


USP9X_HUMAN Probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase FAF-X (sprot)

A probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase FAF-X that is encoded in the genome of human.


KPCA_HUMAN Protein kinase C alpha type (sprot)

A protein kinase C alpha type that is encoded in the genome of human.


BAIB_CLOSV Bile acid--coenzyme A ligase (sprot)


BAIA2_CLOSV 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester 3-dehydrogenase 2 (sprot)


BAICD_CLOSV 3-oxocholoyl-CoA 4-desaturase (sprot)


BAIF_CLOSV Bile acid CoA-transferase BaiF (sprot)


BAIE_CLOSV Bile acid 7alpha-dehydratase (sprot)


BAIH_CLOSV 7-beta-hydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA 4-desaturase (sprot)


TRI23_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM23 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM23 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP20_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 20 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP18_HUMAN Ubl carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 18 (sprot)

A Ubl carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATG3_HUMAN Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 (sprot)

A ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRI27_HUMAN Zinc finger protein RFP (sprot)

A zinc finger protein RFP that is encoded in the genome of human.


ULK1_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATG13_HUMAN Autophagy-related protein 13 (sprot)

An autophagy-related protein 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ST38L_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase 38-like (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase 38-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARRB2_HUMAN Beta-arrestin-2 (sprot)

A beta-arrestin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MK09_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NEK7_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek7 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZAR1_HUMAN Zygote arrest protein 1 (sprot)

A zygote arrest protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCA12_HUMAN DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 12 (sprot)

A DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SETD2_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FXR1_HUMAN RNA-binding protein FXR1 (sprot)

An RNA-binding protein FXR1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARRD4_HUMAN Arrestin domain-containing protein 4 (sprot)

An arrestin domain-containing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CARD8_HUMAN Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (sprot)

A caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRI22_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM22 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHX16_HUMAN Pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX16 (sprot)

A pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRIM8_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM8 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AIM2_HUMAN Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 (sprot)

An interferon-inducible protein AIM2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MYCB2_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYCBP2 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYCBP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FBSP1_HUMAN F-box/SPRY domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

An F-box/SPRY domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FXL19_HUMAN F-box/LRR-repeat protein 19 (sprot)

An F-box/LRR-repeat protein 19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRI45_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM45 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM45 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRI60_HUMAN Tripartite motif-containing protein 60 (sprot)

A tripartite motif-containing protein 60 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLD10_HUMAN Kelch domain-containing protein 10 (sprot)

A kelch domain-containing protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TAB1_HUMAN TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBL7_HUMAN Ubiquitin-like protein 7 (sprot)

A ubiquitin-like protein 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OTUD4_HUMAN OTU domain-containing protein 4 (sprot)

An OTU domain-containing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


STK39_HUMAN STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (sprot)

A STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


OXSR1_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PP2BA_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform h4 (human)

An activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9C0C7-4.