(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid

A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.


Welchol

A polyallylamine cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and alkylated with 1-bromodecane and 6-bromohexyltrimethylammonium bromide. It is used as its hydrochloride as an orally administered bile acid sequestrant to reduce the amount of cholesterol and certain fatty substances in the blood.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, 5, and 6.


A mononitronaphthalene carrying a nitro group at position 2.


Pentolinium Tartrate

The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.


An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1H-indole which is ortho-fused to a 2H-1-benzothiopyran group at positions 2-3. It is an inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase that limits atherosclerotic lesion development in rabbits.


An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine 1-oxide. It is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4).


ergosterol peroxide

An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.


2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl amide


clopenthixol

A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.


Aminophylline

A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.


N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-(((3-methylphenyl) methyl)oxy)-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide hydrochloride salt


trimellitic acid

Benzene substituted at the 1,2, and 4 positions by carboxy groups.


A member of the class of hydroxyindoles that is 1H-indole substituted by hydroxy, 5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl, and cyano groups at positions 2, 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent, brain permeable inhibitor of human GSK3alpha and GSK3beta with Ki of 6.9 nM and 31 nM, respectively. The drug was being developed by AstraZeneca for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (clinical trial now discontinued).


A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z  geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.


3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid

A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.


Tetrazolium violet

An organic chloride salt having tetrazolium violet(1+) as the counterion.


Cellulose, microcrystalline

A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan (cellulose) in crystalline form with a structure consisting of several hundred to over ten thousand D-glucose residues joined by beta(1->4) glycosidic linkages.


A hydroxamic acid that is biphenyl-4-amine bearing N-hydroxy and N-acetyl substituents.


betamethasone valerate

A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.


methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.


kaempferide

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.


dihydroergotamine

Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.


esketamine

The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine.


benzaldehydes

Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.


N-benzoylglycine

An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.


phenmedipham

A carbamate ester that is (3-methylphenyl)carbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group.


An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.


spiramycin II

A macrolide antibiotic produced by various Streptomyces species.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.


isoprothiolane

A malonate ester that is diisopropyl malonate in which the two methylene hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by a 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene group. An insecticide and fungicide used to control a range of diseases including Pyricularia oryzae, Helminthosporium sigmoideum and Fusarium nivale.


bifonazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.


sulfinamide glutathione(1-)

A sulfinamide glutathione peptide anion; major species at pH 7.3.


The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.


orcinol

A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.


2,2-diphenylacetic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester


4-nitrobenzoic acid

A nitrobenzoic acid having the nitro group at the 4-position.


A pyridopyrimidine that is pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine in which the amino groups at positions 4 and 6 are substituted by a m-bromophenyl group and a methyl group, respectively.  It is a potent, cell-permeable, reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity [IC50 values of 0.008, 49 and 52 nM for EGFR, ErbB2 (HER2) and Erb4 (HER4)]. It does not inhibit FGF or PDGF-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. Induces G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF10A cells and is antiproliferative in A431 human epidermal carcinoma cells.


mineral acids, trace elements, water, drug combination


A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.


indisulam

A chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development.


iprobenfos

An organic thiophosphate that is the S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl ester of phosphorothioic acid. Used as a rice fungicide to control leaf and ear blast, stem rot and sheath blight.


fumonisin B2

A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).


Morpholine urea-phenylalanyl-homophenylalanine methyl fluoride


capsiate

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (6E)-8-methylnon-6-enoic acid with the benzylic hydroxy group of vanillyl alcohol. A non-pungent analogue of capsaicin with a similar biological profile.


benzamidine

A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.


triethylenediamine

An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.


apazone

A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.


A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol bearing a phenoxy substituent at C-3. It is a metbaolite of the insecticide permethrin.


naftifine

A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.


trifluridine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.


amrinone

A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.


(S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


Potassium phosphate

An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.


violacein

A member of the class of hydroxyindoles resulting from the formal oxidative coupling between the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, which is substituted at the 5 position by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group, where the newly-formed double bond has E configuration. It is a purple chromobacterial pigment that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoan, and anticancer properties.


Potassium fluoride

A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.


doxapram

A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.


p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol

A member of the class of  benzyl alcohols that is  benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung.


A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).


Ro 48-8071

An aromatic ketone that is 2-fluoro-4'-bromobenzophenone in which the hydrogen at position 4 (meta to the fluoro group) is replaced by a 6-[methyl(prop-2-en-1-yl)amino]hexyl}oxy group. An inhibitor of lanosterol synthase.


thionitrous acid

A nitroso compound that is hydrogen sulfide in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitroso group.


diethylamine

A secondary aliphatic amine where both N-substituents are ethyl.


salicin

An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is salicyl alcohol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


diphenylpyraline

A member of the class of  piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.


procyanidin

oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules. They yield cyanidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions.


fluorohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms.


azaribine

A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.


pentachloronitrobenzene

A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


A DiHDPA obtained by formal dihydroxylation of the 19,20-double bond of docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid.


tafamidis

A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as its meglumine salt) for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis.


fumonisin

A family of toxins produced by several species of Fusarium moulds which occur mainly in maize.


zardaverine

A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group.  It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.


periciazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.


all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinoic acid

A retinoid obtained by 3,4-desaturation of beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinoic acid


citronellol acetate

A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of citronellol. It has been isolated from Citrus hystrix.


ganglioside GM2 (18:0)

A  sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.


beta-thujaplicin

A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.


blebbistatin

A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II.


2-aminopropanoic acid [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl] ester


Azure B

An organic chloride salt having 3-(dimethylamino)-7-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining and is an active metabolite of methylene blue.


ninhydrin

A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 4, 6 and 7 by a (4-benzamidophenyl)nitrilo group, methoxy group and a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy group, respectively. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Aurora A and Aurora B kinases with IC50 of 110 nM and 130 nM, respectively.


diethyl fumarate

A dieter obtained by the formal condensation of fumaric acid with ethanol.


N,N'-diphenylthiourea

Thiourea in which each nitrogen carries a phenyl substituent.


A tertiary amino compound that is piperazine substituted by a benzyl group at position 1. It is a  serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.


N-palmitoyl dopamine

A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of dopamine. It is present as an endogenous compound in the mammalian brain.


Triplatin tetranitrate

A trinuclear platinum coordination entity that is the tetranitrate salt of triplatin.


prothiofos

An organic thiophosphate that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester of O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphoric acid.


pyridine N-oxide

The pyridine N-oxide derived from the parent pyridine. It is a drug metabolite of the antihypertensive agent pinacidil.


macitentan

A member of the class of sulfamides in which the two amino groups of sulfonamide are substituted by 5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-{2-[(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy}pyrimidin-4-yl and propyl groups. An orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


neurotransmitter agent

A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.


A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.


vasotocin

A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.


Ammonium Sulfate

An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.


nitroxoline

A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.


A hydroxypyrimidine that is pyrimidine substituted by an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 4.


beta-aminopropionitrile

An aminopropionitrile carrying an amino group at the beta-position.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.


dihydrofolic acid

A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.


The simplest member of the class  fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluorene bearing an oxo substituent at position 9.


methylene bis(thiocyanate)

A member of the class of thiocyanates that is methane in which two of the hycrogens have been replaced by thiocyanato groups. Used as a biocide for the control of various pathogens and algae in industrial water systems and as a fungicide for the control of surface moulds and sapstain fungi on wood.


hispidin

Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).


An eight-membered oligopeptide comprising Arg, Pro, Pro, Gly, Phe, Ser, Pro and Phe residues joined in sequence. It is an analogue of bradykinin lacking the Arg residue at position 9.


A deoxyketohexose comprising the open-chain form of D-glucose lacking the -OH group at the 3-position and having the keto group at the 2-position.


vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-


N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine zwitterion

The zwitterion obtained from N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine by transfer of a proton from the carboxylic acid group to the alpha-amino group.


A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.


asenapine

A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.


A member of the class of pyrimidobenzodiazepines that is 5,11-dimethylpyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one carrying at C-2 on the pyrimidine ring a 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methoxyanilino substituent. It is an inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2.


cholanic acid

A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.


diterpene

A C20 terpene.


(+)-pulegone

The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one.


CGS 15943

A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.


Pterin carrying a formyl group at position 6.


butane

A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.


A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.


A methylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 3.


metsulfuron methyl

A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.


A retinal in which the double bond alpha- to the aldehyde group has cis configuration, whilst the remaining acyclic double bonds have trans configuration.


cystamine

An organic disulfide obtgained by oxidative dimerisation of cysteamine.


D-psicose

The D-enantiomer of psicose.


5,5-diethylbarbituric acid

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).


A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.


salicylhydroxamic acid

A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxybenzamide carrying a phenolic hydroxy group at position 2.


caspofungin

A semisynthetic cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall.


polyhexamethylene biguanide

A homopolymer macromolecule composed of repeating N-hexyltriimidodicarbonic diamide units. It is used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and antifungal agent. Also commonly used as a swimming pool and spa water sanitizer.


deethylatrazine

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is  6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.


dihexadecanoyl phosphatidic acid

A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).


halocarban

A phenylurea that is urea substituted by 4-chlorophenyl and 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is often used in deodarants and soaps on account of its anbacterial properties.


nizatidine

A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.


Histamine Phosphate

A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.


alpha-santonin

A  santonin that is 3a,5,5a,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,8(3H,4H)-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5a and 9.


fosfomycin

A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.


A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.


A member of the class of  pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.


geranyl acetone

A monoterpene ketone in which an (E)-geranyl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone. It is a component of essential oils from various plants including  Nelumbo nucifera.


tembotrione

An aromatic ketone that is 2-benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione in which the phenyl group is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by chlorine, (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methyl, and methylsulfonyl groups, respectively. It is a post-emergence herbicide used (particularly in conjunction with the herbicide safener cyprosulfamide) for the control of a wide range of broad-leaved and grassy weeds in corn and other crops.


iloperidone

A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.


latanoprost

A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


carboxin

An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.


bradykinin

A linear nonapeptide messenger belonging to the kinin group of proteins, with amino acid sequence RPPGFSPFR. Enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood, it is a powerful vasodilator that causes smooth muscle contraction, and may mediate inflammation.


cefpodoxime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with methoxymethyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamino substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Given by mouth as its proxetil ester prodrug, it is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.


3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group.


tomelukast

A member of the class of  acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits  anti-asthmatic activity.


isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside

An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.


A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.


CEFOTETAN

A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and  {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.


nereistoxin

Toxin isolated from marine segmented worm, Lumbriconereis heterodopa. It is also the active insecticide of the proinsecticide thiocyclam.


sulfisoxazole

A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.


dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol

A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.


phosphoric acid

A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.


corticorelin

A corticotropin-releasing hormone from human/rat composed of Ser, Glu, Glu, Pro, Pro, Ile, Ser, Leu, Asp, Leu, Val, Phe, His, Leu, Leu, Arg, Glu, Val, Leu, Glu, Met, Ala, Arg, Ala, Glu, Gln, Leu, Ala, Gln, Gln, Ala, His, Ser, Asn, Arg, Lys, Leu, Met, Glu, Ile and Ile-NH2 residues joined in sequence.


Gly-His-Lys

A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.


Thallium sulfate

A metal sulfate in which the counterion is thallium  and the ratio of thallium to sulfate is 2:1. It is a rodenticide used to control rats, squirrels, mice, moles, prairie dogs, ants and cockroaches. It is no longer registered for pesticide use in the United States.


bixin

A carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid.


vestitol

A member of the class of  hydroxyisoflavans that is isoflavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 2' and a methoxy group at position 4'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


A HEPES that is ethanesulfonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group. A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.55 at 20 degreeC.


clemastine

2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.


homocysteic acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.


A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene.


glycyrin

A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a prenyl group at position 6 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


Copper(I) sulfide

A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.


ergothioneine thione form

A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.


LIGUSTICUM SINENSE SUBSP. CHUANXIONG ROOT


Sodium Sulfide

A sulfide salt with formula Na2S. The pentahydrate and  (particularly) the nonahydrate are also known. In gel form, sodium sulfide is used to soften toenails to assist in trimming (and so relive pain) of ingrowing toenails.


4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester


varespladib

A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by benzyl, ethyl, oxamoyl, and carboxymethoxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. It is an oral secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.


An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.


boldenone

An  3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an  anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use.


A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2.


12-methyltetradecanoic acid

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising tetradecanoic acid carrying a 12-methyl substituent.


diethylene glycol monoethyl ether

A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.


NINTEDANIB

A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.


A member of the class of isoquinolines that is isoquinoline-8-sulfonamide which is substituted by chlorine at position 5 and in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is an inhibitor of casein kinase I.


A naphthoquinone that is naphthalene-1,4-dione substituted by a methoxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


phenazopyridine

A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.


drimenol

A sesquiterpenoid primary alcohol, being methanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl group.


ganciclovir

An oxopurine that is  guanine substituted by a [(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy]methyl group at position 9. Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections.


helveticoside

A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a digitoxosyl group attached at position 3.


olsalazine

An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.


dinophysistoxin 2

A ketal that is a rare marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Found yearly along with okadaic acid in Portuguese shellfish, its presence has been correlated with the occurrence of Dinophysis acta.


A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.


mirabegron

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.


A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.


moricizine

A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.


hormone

Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.


ascomycin

A macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties.


linoleamide

A fatty amide obtained from  linoleic acid.


A member of the class tetralins that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene which is substituted at position 6 by a hydroxy group.


aldehydo-D-mannosamine

A D-mannosamine in open-chain aldehydo-form.


eritoran

A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.


ginsenoside Rb2

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


zinc deuteroporphyrin IX 2,4-bis(glycol)


ghrelin

A 28-membered appetite-stimulating polypeptide consisting of Gly, Ser, Ser(octanoyl), Phe, Leu, Ser, Pro, Glu, His, Gln, Arg, Val, Gln, Gln, Arg, Lys, Glu, Ser, Lys, Lys, Pro, Pro, Ala, Lys, Leu, Gln, Pro and Arg residues joined in sequence. The O-n-octanoylation of the side-chain hydroxy group of serine-3 (Ser3) is essential for ghrelin's activity.


azaperone

An N-arylpiperazine that is 2-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridine in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3-(4-fluobenzoyl)propyl group. Used mainly as a tranquiliser for pigs and elephants.


suxibuzone

A pyrazolidine that is phenylbutazone which is substituted by a 3-carboxypropanoylmethyl group at the 4-position. Suxibuzone is a prodrug for phenylbutazone and is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory drug in horses.


A limonoid isolated from Azadirachta indica.


BALSALAZIDE

A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.


An azaspiro compound that is 1'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-quinoxaline] in which the hydrogen at position 3' is replaced by a (3-chlorobenzyl)amino group. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis.


A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is the 2,3-dihydroderivative of benzofuran.


nalidixic acid

A monocarboxylic acid comprising 1,8-naphthyridin-4-one substituted by carboxylic acid, ethyl and methyl groups at positions 3, 1, and 7, respectively. An orally administered antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of lower urinary-tract infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, including the majority of E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Proteus species.


A dihydroxypyridine in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 2 and 3.


vilanterol

An dichlorobenzene derivative that is used in the form of its trifenate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor

An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*).


licocoumarone

A member of the class of 1-benzofurans which consists of 1-benzofuran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 4, a prenyl group at position 5 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.


Amlodipine, atorvastatin drug combination


phloretic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.


apratoxin A

An aprotoxin having the common aprotoxin cyclodepsipeptide skeleton where the isoleucyl residue carries an N-methyl substituent and the side-chain adjacent to the lactone is tert-butyl.


laminarin

A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.


methyl hexanoate

A fatty acid methyl ester derived from hexanoic (caproic acid).


fluorobenzenes

Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.


A labdane diterpenoid that is the 1,9-dideoxy derivative of forskolin.


elvitegravir

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substited at position 1 by a 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl group and at position 6 by a 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


cremastranone

A homoisoflavonoid that is 2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-onethat is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a methoxy group at position 6, and a 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from various plants, including the bulb of Cremastra appendiculata.


A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4.


(-)-methyl jasmonate

A jasmonate ester that is the methyl ester of jasmonic acid.


Sodium bromate

An inorganic sodium salt having bromate as the counterion.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by a methyl[(3R,4R)-4-methyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidin-3-yl]nitrilo group. It is a potent JAK3-selective chemical probe.


(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of phenylalanine and is excreted in the urine of patients suffering from diseases like phenylketonuria.


afzelin

A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


bromuconazole

A member of the class of oxolanes carrying 1,2,4-triazol-ylmethyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl substituents at position 2 as well as a bromo substituent at position 4.  A foliar applied conazole fungicide for a range of crops including cereals, fruit, vegetables and vines.


antibacterial drug

A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.


A naphthaldehyde with a formyl group at position 1.


delavirdine

The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.


teicoplanin

A complex mixture of related natural products isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus comprising five major components (teicoplanin A2-1 through A2-5), a hydrolysis component (teicoplanin A3-1), and four minor components (teicoplanin RS-1 through RS-4). An antibiotic with a similar spectrum of activity to vancomycin, it is used to treat serious Gram-positive bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.


A member of the class of  phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4.


glucan

A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues.


metaldehyde

A member of the class of tetroxocanes that is 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane which carries four methyl groups at positions 2,4,6 and 8. It is a potent molluscicide and the active ingredient in most slug pellets used for crop protection.


tris

A primary amino compound that is tert-butylamine in which one hydrogen attached to each methyl group is replaced by a hydroxy group. A compound widely used as a biological buffer substance in the pH range 7--9; pKa = 8.3 at 20 degreeC; pKa = 7.82 at 37 degreeC.


bohemine

Purine substituted on C-2, C-6 and N-9 with (3-hydroxypropyl)amino, benzylamino and isopropyl groups respectively; a synthetic, cell-permeable, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that is structurally similar to olomoucine and roscovitine.


neratinib

A quinoline compound having a cyano group at the 3-position, a 3-chloro-4-(2-pyridylmethoxy)anilino group at the 4-position, a 4-dimethylamino-trans-but-2-enoylamido group at the 6-position, and an ethoxy group at the 7-position.


3-methylbenzyl alcohol

A methylbenzyl alcohol that is toluene in which one of the meta hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


N-acetyltryptophan

An N-acetylamino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of tryptophan.


methyl 5-aminolevulinate

The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.


calcitonin

A 32-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Cys-Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Cys-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Leu-His-Lys-Leu-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Asn-Thr-Gly-Ser-Gly-Thr-Pro-NH2 cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 1 and 7.


ethofumesate

A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-ethofumesate.


cefaloglycin

A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.


ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene


bispyribac

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy groups at positions 2 and 6. Its sodium salt is used as a broad spectrum post emergent herbicide for the control of grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds in rice crops.


An  aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid that is 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid substituted by an amino group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 4 respectively.


S-nitroso-L-cysteine

An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent.  A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.


fomesafen

An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.


onalespib

A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole in which the amino group has been acylated by a 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl group and in which position 5 of the isoidole moiety has been substituted by a (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl group. A second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor.


Beryllium Chloride

A compound of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and chloride in the ratio 1:2.


diuretic

An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


ractopamine

A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.


spathulenol

A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7.


acepromazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.


An aryl sulfate that is 4-nitrocatechol in which the hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding hydrogen sulfate. It is used (commonly as its dipotassium salt) as a chromogenic substrate for sulphatase.


A methyladenosine compound with two methyl groups attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.


(-)-maackiain

The (-)-enantiomer of maackiain.


FPL 64176

1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.


dithiazanine

A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.


LSKL, Inhibitor of Thrombospondin (TSP-1)


tetradifon

A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.


A methyladenine that is 9H-purin-6-amine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen.


salvigenin

A trimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4', 6, and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups.


Ambenonium Chloride

A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium salt having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.


enfuvirtide

A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of  N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.


A butene with unsaturation at position 1.


bryostatin 2

A member of the class of bryostatins that is bryostatin 1 in which the acetoxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A methyl ketone that is  butan-2-one with an unsaturation at position 3.


(E)-acetaldehyde oxime

The (E)-stereoisomer of acetaldehyde oxime.


Imidazole substituted at position 4 by a methyl group.


pizotifen

A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.


levobunolol

A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.


An anthocyanidin chloride that has luteolinidin as the cationic counterpart.


A steroid that consists of androstane having double bonds at positions 1 and 4 and two keto groups at positions 3 and 17.


paraldehyde

A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.


trifluoroacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.


litreol

Catechol carrying a pentadecenyl substituent at position 3.


indacaterol

A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


ionophore

A compound which can carry specific ions through membranes of cells or organelles.


phenyl salicylate

A benzoate ester that is the phenyl ester of salicylic acid. Also known as salol, it can be formed by heating salicylic acid with phenol and is used in the manufacture of some polymers, lacquers, adhesives, waxes and polishes.


IDP

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having inosine as the nucleobase.


sitosterol

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


protease inhibitor

A compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of proteases (endopeptidases).


pemafibrate

A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by 3-[(1R)-1-carboxypropoxy]benzyl and 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl groups. It is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha agonist that is used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.


A hydrocarbyladenosine in which adenosine is substituted at N-6 by a (2R)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl group. It is a potent adenosine A1 receptor agonist that exhibits neuroprotective and antinociceptive properties.


angiotensin receptor antagonist

A hormone antagonist that blocks angiotensin receptors.


visnagin

A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.


cosyntropin

A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.


(+)-syringaresinol

The (7alpha,7'alpha,8alpha,8'alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.


hexadecane

A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.


norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol drug combination


A trimethoxyflavone that is  quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4' and 7 have been replaced by methoxy groups.


A 39 amino acid porcine cathelicidin that is rich in proline and arginine residues. It plays a pivotal role in the innate immune defence of the pig against infections and exhibits antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities.


A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3.


tryptophol

An indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2.


An organic disulfide that is mitomycin C in which the amino group at position 7 is replaced by a {2-[(4-nitrophenyl)disulfanyl]ethyl}amino group. It is a derivative of mitomycin C with activity against a range of tumour cell lines and xenografts.


p-aminodiphenylamine

An aromatic amine that is the 4-amino derivative of diphenylamine.


phthalazine

An azaarene that is the 2,3-diaza analogue of naphthalene. The parent of the class of phthalazines.


propene

An alkene that is propane with a double bond at position 1.


ornidazole

A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.


D-keto-manno-heptulose

The open chain form of D-manno-heptulose.


ethyl acetate

The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.


COPANLISIB

An imidazoquinazoline that is 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline substituted by (2-aminopyrimidine-5-carbonyl)amino, methoxy, and 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 8, respectively. It is a intravenous pan-class I PI3K inhibitor used for the treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma in patients who have received at least 2 prior systemic therapies.


p-Aminobenzoic acid diethylaminoethyl ester hydrochloride


A dimethylpyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one carrying at C-2 on the pyrimidine ring a [2-ethoxy-4-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)phenyl]amino substituent.  It is an inhibitor of the BMK1 kinase pathway.


intermedine

A carboxylic ester compound formed from condensation between retronecine and (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-isopropylbutanoic acid.


oryzalin

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by nitro groups and at position 4 by a dipropylamino group.


imidaprilat

A member of the class of imidazolidines that is imidapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding acid group. It is the active metabolite of imidapril used to treat hypertension.


oleylanilide

The fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of oleic acid and aniline.


isobutyraldehyde

A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


alpha-hydroxyhippuric acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that is N-benzoylglycine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-2.


buclizine

An N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups.


4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.


A 17-oxo steroid that is estrone in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group.


bentazone

A  benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.


prochlorperazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.


platelet aggregation inhibitor

A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.


Tiquizium bromide

A organic bromide salt of tiquizium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of convulsion and hypermobility in gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, gallbladder disease, biliary tract disease and urolithiasis.


nicotinic antagonist

An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor.


fenchone

A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel  (Foeniculum vulgare).


clodinafop-propargyl

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of clodinafop with the hydroxy group of prop-2-yn-1-ol. It is widely used as a herbicide for the control of annual grass weeds in cereal crops.


isophorone

A cyclic ketone, the structure of which is that of cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5.


A dihydrogen phosphate prodrug of a pyrazoloquinazoline aurora kinase inhibitor AZD1152-hydroxyquinazoline pyrazol anilide(HQPA) and is converted rapidly to the active AZD1152-HQPA in plasma.


nebularine

A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


decamethonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.


tilmacoxib

A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is that is 1,3-oxazole which is substituted at positions 2, 4 and 5 by methyl, cyclohexyl, and 3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylphenyl groups, respectively.


gamma-decalactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5.


propionamide

A  monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of propionic acid with ammonia.


4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside

A beta-D-galactoside having a 4-methylumbelliferyl substituent at the anomeric position.


aurintricarboxylic acid

A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.


An oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4.


chrysosplenetin

A tetramethoxyflavone that is  the 3,6,7,3'-tetramethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin.


nisin

A type-A lantibiotic containing 34 amino acid residues (including lanthionine (Lan), methyllanthionine (MeLan), didehydroalanine (Dha) and didehydroaminobutyric acid (Dhb)) and five thioether bridges. It is obtained by fermentation of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis and shows particular activity against Clostridium botulinum. It is used in the production of various processed foods to suppress Gram-positive spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and so extend shelf life.


pantothenol

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is 3,3-dimethylbutanamide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and a 3-hydroxypropyl group at the carbomyl nitrogen.


2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate

An enoate ester that is the 1-methacryloyl derivative of propane-1,2-diol.


N-methylglucamine

A  hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.


2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid

A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.


pent-4-enoic acid

A pentenoic acid having the double bond at position 4.


cupressuflavone

A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities.


nefopam

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The  hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.


indane

An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring fused to a cyclopentane ring; a high-boiling (176 (o)C) colourless liquid.


dipicolinic acid

A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.


A member of the class of indoles that is  acetamide substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2. It is an intermediate in the production of plant hormone indole acetic acid (IAA).


(trichloromethyl)benzene

An organochlorine compound that is toluene in which all three hydrogens of the methyl group have been replaced by chlorines. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and dye chemistry.


Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether


EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor

An EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of procollagen-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.2).


A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.


toloxatone

A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.


2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester


diafenthiuron

An aromatic ether that is 1,3-diisopropyl-5-phenoxybenzene in which the hydrogen atom at position 2 is substituted by a (tert-butylcarbamothioyl)nitrilo group. An agricultural proinsecticide which is used to control mites, aphids and whitefly in cotton.


triphenylmethane

A triarylmethane in which the three aryl groups are phenyl. It forms the basic skeleton of several synthetic dyes.


robinin

A  glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).


9-oxononanoic acid

A medium-chain oxo-fatty acid that is the 9-oxo derivative of nonanoic acid.


2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the C-2 and C-6 positions.


5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid

A memebr of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole with methyl and carboxylic acid group substituents at positions 5 and 3 respectively.


pallidol

A tetracyclic stilbenoid that is a homodimer obtained by cyclodimerisation of resveratrol.


4-(butylamino)-1-ethyl-6-methyl-5-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


A member of the class of  acetophenones that is acetophenone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4.


naled

An dialkyl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the acidic hydroxy group of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethanol. An organophosphate insecticide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


nicosulfuron

A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.


diminazene

A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.


tropolone

A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.


A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one in which all or the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


(S)-glaucine

An  aporphine alkaloid that is (S)-1,2,9,10-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline in which the four phenolic hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.


metalaxyl

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.


benzoic acid 2-[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propan-2-ylamino]ethyl ester


cyclo(L-His-L-Pro)

A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).


A perchlorometallate anion having four chlorines and palladium(II) as the metal component.


polysorbate 40

A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a palmitoyl group.


7-chlorokynurenic acid

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.


stejnulxin protein, Trimeresurus stejnegeri


mepivacaine

A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.


aminocarb

A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4 and a methyl group at position 3.


A mixture of semisynthetic avermectin derivatives comprising >=90% eprinomectin component B1a (R = CH3) and <=10% eprinomectin component B1b (R = H). It is used for the treatment of internal and external parasites in cattle.


tetraethyllead

An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.


17beta-estradiol 3-glucosiduronic acid

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


acetamides

Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3.


A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole carrying additional 4-pyridyl and 1-(hydroxyimino)indan-5-yl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


A nitrosamine that is N-nitrosodiethylamine in which one of the ethyl froups has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It is used to induce renal and liver tumours in rodents.


N-methylquipazine

An aminoquinoline that consists of quinoline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. A 5-HT3 agonist. Has almost the same affinity for 5-HT3 sites as quipazine but unlike the latter, does not bind to 5-HT1B sites.


lumefantrine

A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


mesoridazine

A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.


A hydrochloride salt resulting from the formal reaction of 3-[(3-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. It is a selective inhibitor of the delta- and epsilon-isoforms of casein kinase 1 (CK1delta and CK1epsilon).


chaetomugilin D

An azaphilone isolated from Chaetomium globosum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and Mucor miehei.


(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid

A phosphonic acid compound having a 2-chloroethyl substituent attached to the P-atom.


Pelargonidin 3-glucoside

A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as the cationic counterpart.


acemetacin

A carboxylic ester that is the carboxymethyl ester of indometacin. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and low back pain, as well as for postoperative pain and inflammation. Its activity is due to both acemetacin and its major metabolite, indometacin.


2-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-3-(2-oxolanyl)propanoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester


darifenacin

2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a  2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.


anthelminthic drug

Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths).


prometon

A  methoxy-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which the one of the hydrogens of each amino group is substituted by an isopropyl group.


(-)-secoisolariciresinol

An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.


carprofen

Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.


monothioglycerol

A thiol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups is replaced by a thiol group.


Butanoic acid, 2,2-diethyl-4-((3-(2-(4-(1-methylethyl)-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl)phenyl)amino)-4-oxo-, (E)-


sulfisomidine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.


An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2.


anti-asthmatic agent

Any compound that has anti-asthmatic effects.


trimethobenzamide

The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.


flunixin

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino group. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine (usually as the meglumine salt) for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.


esomeprazole

A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.


irgarol 1051

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is  1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine carrying a N-tert-butyl, N'-cyclopropyl and a methylsulfanyl group at position 6.


A phosphatidic acid in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specifed as stearoyl and arachidonoyl respectively.


metribuzin

A member of the class of  1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.


lipid IVA

A tetra-acylated lipid A produced by E. coli as an intermediate in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway.


oxycarboxin

An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4,4-dioxo-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for the control of rust diseases on ornamentals, cereals and nursery trees as well as fairy rings on turf.


BMS 195614

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5,5-dimethyl-8-(quinolin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of p-aminobenzoic acid. It is a neutral retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha-selective antagonist (Ki = 2.5 nM). It displays no significant effect on nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) binding; moderately decreases SMRT binding to RAR. It antagonizes agonist-induced coactivator (CoA) recruitment.


phthalimide

A  dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.


Lithium sulfate

A metal sulfate in which the counterion is lithium and the ratio of lithium to sulfate is 2:1.


acibenzolar-S-methyl

A benzothiadiazole that is the S-methyl thioester derivative of acibenzolar. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thioester group to give the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as a fungicide and plant activator on a variety of crops, including cotton, chili peppers, lettuce, onions, spinach, tobacco, and tomatoes.


afrormosin

A  4'-methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 4' and a hydroxy group at position 7.


Ala-Gln

A dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-glutamine residues.


A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.


Shuangling Fuzheng anticancer preparation


A  dithiane  that is cyclohexane in which the -CH2- units at positions 1 and 2 have been replaced by sulfur atoms.


Potassium citrate monohydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of potassium citrate.


trypanothione disulfide

An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine from the insect-parasitic trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata.


A member of the class of oxindoles that is 5-chlorooxindole in which the two hydrogens at position 3 are replaced by a (3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene group.


cyclohexylamine

A primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.


triazene derivative

A nitrogen molecular entity resulting from the formal substitution of one or more of the hydrogens of triazene.


A dichlorobiphenyl that is 1,3-dichlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a phenyl group.


asperphenamate

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine with the hydroxy group of N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninol. A metabolite found in several Pencillium and Aspergillus species, as well as in plants as a product of endophytic fungi.


olivetol

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a pentyl group.


corianin

A sesquiterpene lactone containing an epoxide group and two tertiary hydroxy groups that has been isolated from the fruits of Coriaria ruscifolia and Coriaria japonica.


A member of the class of imidazoles that carries a 2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 1.


benfluralin

A tertiany amino compound that is 2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens attached to the aniline nitrogen have been replaced by one ethyl and one butyl group. It is used as a pre-emergence herbicide used for the control of grass and other weeds in a range of food and non-food crops.


Double green

An iminium salt composed of (4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(trimethylazaniumyl)phenyl]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(dimethyl)ammonium and chloride ions in a 1:2 ratio. A histological dye used to demonstrate nucleic acids by the Unna-Pappenheim stain, in conjunction with Pyronin Y.


Sodium Citrate

The trisodium salt of citric acid.


sertaconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sertaconazole. A broad spectrum antifungal with added antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of various skin infections.


fucosterol

A 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28).


cinoxacin

A member of the class of  cinnolines  that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.


A member of the class of 3-nitrophenols that is phenol in which one of the hydrogens that is meta to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.


picrocrocin

A beta-D-glucoside of beta-cyclocitral; the precursor of safranal. It is the compound most responsible for the bitter taste of saffron.


eletriptan

An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.


Azure A

An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining.


atracurium

A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.


SPIROTETRAMAT

An azaspiro compound that is methoxycyclohexane which is fused at position 4 to the 5-position of a 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one that is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by 2,5-dimethylphenyl and (ethoxycarbonyl)oxy groups, respectively (the cis isomer). It is a proinsecticide (via hydrolysis of the ethyl carbonate group to give the corresponding 4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one, "spirotetramat-enol") and is used for the control of a wide range of sucking insects on fruit and potato crops.


crotamiton

An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of crotonic acid with N-ethyl-2-methylaniline. A colourless or pale yellow oily liquid, it is used in the treatment of pruritus (itching) by producing a counter-irritation: as it evaporates from the skin, it produces a cooling effect that diverts attention away from the itching. It has also been used as an acaricide in the treatment of scabies, though more effective drugs are usually preferred.


Ammonium nitrate

The ammonium salt of nitric acid.


topaquinone

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinon-5-yl group.


A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.


isopentane

An alkane that is butane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


barban

A carbamate ester that is 4-chlorobut-2-yn-1-yl ester of N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamic acid. A herbicide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Community.


keto-D-tagatose

The straight-chain keto form of D-tagatose.


TMVA protein, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus


An oxopurine that is xanthine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methyl group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of caffeine.


Kaolin

An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.


EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor

An EC 4.6.* (P-O lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1).


fenticlor

An aryl sulfide having two 5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl groups attached to sulfur; an antiinfective drug mostly used in veterinary medicine.


An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.


A 3beta-hydroxysteroid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene having an additional oxo group at the 15-position.


N-bromosuccinimide

A five-membered cyclic dicarboximide compound having a bromo substituent on the nitrogen atom.


N,N-dimethylethanolamine

A  tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.


A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of mesitylene-2-sulphonic acid with the amino group of 2-(m-bromophenyl)ethylamine in which the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-[m-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]benzyl group.


diphenoxylate

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.


p-methoxybenzaldehyde

A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4.


diphenyl ether

An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla.


palonosetron

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.


A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanost-8-ene carrying hydroxy and oxo substituents at positions 3beta and 30 respectively.


bupirimate

A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2-ethylaminopyrimidine carrying methyl, butyl and dimethylaminosulfooxy substituents at posiitons 4, 5 and 6 respectively.


butafenacil

An organofluorine compound that is 1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a 4-chloro-3-({[2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy}carbonyl)phenyl group at position 3. It is a herbicide which inhibits the protoporphyrinogen-oxidase enzyme in plant chloroplasts, resulting in rapid knockdown of various broadleaf and grass weeds.


ethane

An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.


2,2-dimethyl-3-(4-(naphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl)-3-(1,2,4)triazol-1-yl-propionic acid methyl ester


3-guanidinopropanoic acid zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of 3-guanidinopropanoic acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated imine nitrogen.


clofedanol

A diarylmethane that is 2-chlorophenyl(phenyl)methane substituted on the methane carbon by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. Used in the treatment of dry cough, it suppresses the cough reflex by a direct effect on the cough centre in the medulla of the brain.


dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid

A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both myristoyl.


betahistine

An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.


A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.


antilipemic drug

A substance used to treat hyperlipidemia (an excess of lipids in the blood).


eseroline

A pyrroloindole that is 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 3a and 8 and a hydroxy group at position 5. It is a metabolite of physostigmine and causes neuronal cell death by a mechanism involving loss of cell ATP.


napropamide

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-napropamide.


eliglustat

A carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the primary amino group of (1R,2R)-2-amino-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease.


A benzenetriol that is acetophenone in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 6 on the phenyl group are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of acidic glycans and glycopeptides.


bifenazate

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of 2-(4-methoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)hydrazinecarboxylic acid with 2-propanol.


aclonifen

A primary amino compound that is aniline in which the phenyl group has been substituted at positions 2, 3, and 6 by chlorine, phenoxy, and nitro groups, respectively. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide against a broad range of weeds in a wide range of crops.


A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a nitroso group at the 4-position.


thiouracil

A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.


isonicotinic acid

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.


tandospirone

A dicarboximide that is (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione which is substituted by a 4-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl group at position 2. It is a potent and selective 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist (Ki = 27 nM).


nitrile

A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.


yoda 1

A member of the class of  thiadiazoles  that is 1,3,4-thiadiazole substituted by pyrazin-2-yl and (2,6-dichlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl groups at positions 2 and 5, respectively. It is a selective activator of mechanosensitive channel piezo1.


paraben

A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester in which the esterifying alcohol is an alkanol (in diagram, R = alkyl). Commonly used as preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.


An azabicycloalkane that is (1R,4R)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane which is substituted at position 2 by a 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl group and at position 5 by a pyridin-2-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of polybromo 1 (Kd = 48 nM), SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 (Kd = 89 nM) bromodomains.


monomethyl succinate

A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups has been converted to its methyl ester.


3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5.


lucidenic acid N

A  tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 25,26,27-trinorlanost-8-en-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 and oxo groups at positions 11 and 15 respectively (the 3beta,5alpha,7beta stereoisomer). Isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, it exhibits cytotoxicity against tumour cells.


CARIPRAZINE

An N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.


Butanoic acid, [(diethoxyphosphinyl)oxy]methyl ester


A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 5.


muscarinic antagonist

A drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists.


A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 is replaced by a methoxy group.


toluquinol

A member of the class of hydroquinones that is hydroquinone in which one of the benzene hydrogens has been replaced by a methyl group.


An L-lysine derivative in which one of the amino hydrogens at N(6)-amino is substituted by a 6-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl group.


barbituric acid

A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups.  Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.


A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.


A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.


myrsinoic acid B

A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran substituted by a carboxy group at position 5, a 1',5'-dimethyl-1'-hydroxy-4'-hexenyl group at position 2 and a prenyl group at position 7. Isolated from Myrsine seguinii, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


actinidine

A member of the class of cyclopentapyridines that is 6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyridine bearing two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 7.


arabinoxylan

A member of the class of arabinoxylans that consists of a polymer chain of beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylopyranose units, many of which are 2- or 3-substituted, or 2,3-disubstituted by alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residues.


otosenine

A pyrrolizine alkaloid that is produced by several Jacobaea and Senecio species.


Cobalt nitrate

A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is nitrate.


tioxolone

A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.


acrivastine

A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.


An N-alkylpiperazine that is butane which is substituted by a 3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl group at positions 2 and 3. The meso isomer.


Ppads tetrasodium salt

An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid


dynasore

A carbohydrazide resulting from the formal condensation of the hydrazone moiety of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde hydrazone with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. It is a cell-permeable, reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of the GTPase activity of dynamin 1 and 2 and Drp1 (mitochondrial), while exhibiting no significant effect against two other small GTPases, MxA and Cdc42.


luteolin 3'-O-glucuronide

A luteolin glucosiduronic acid consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 3'-position.


Bandrowski's base

A quinone imine having amino substituents in the 2- and 5-positions and 4-aminophenyl substituents on both of the imine nitrogens. It is a trimer formed from 1,4-phenylenediamine.


lificiguat

A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.


A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.


A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group.


quinoline yellow

A quinoline derivative with a 1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl substituent at C-2.


An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group.


A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein  substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.


A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.


quercetin 3,4'-dimethyl ether

A dimethoxyflavone that is the 3,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of quercetin. Isolated from Combretum quadrangulare, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


thiosultap

A nereistoxin analogue insecticide that is 2-(dimethylamino)propane-1,3-dithiol with both sulfhydryls bearing sulfate groups.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls carrying hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 2'.


A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2'.


WIN 18446

A carboxamide that is 1,8-diaminooctane in which a hydrogen attached to each of the amino groups has been replaced by a dichloroacetyl group. Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2). Inhibits the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol in neonatal and adult murine testis. It down-regulates sex related genes in zebrafish.


pratensein

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones in which isoflavone is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 5, 7, and 3' positions, and by a methoxy group at the 4' position.


cyclohexyl carbonic acid 3'-carbamoyl-3-yl ester


metamifop

A 2-{4-[(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-methylpropanamide that has R-configuration. It is an inhibitor of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) and a postemergence herbicide which exhibits high control efficacy against sensitive weeds, especially Echinochloa crus-galli in paddy fields.


2-(2-oxo-2-((3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl)oxy)aminoethyl)phosphonic acid, (2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methyl ester sodium


An organochlorine compound comprising 2'-deoxyguanosine having a chloro substituent at position 8 of the guanine ring system.


A secondary amino compound consisting of two molecules of tacrine that are linked together through their exocyclic amino groups by a heptane-1,7-diyl chain. Bis(7)-tacrine is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE)inhibitor (IC50 0.40 nM, >1,000 times more potent than tacrine). It has also been found to protect against H2O2 -induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells.


A dichlorobiphenyl carrying chloro groups at positions 4 and 4' respectively.


An alanine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens in alanine with a cyano group


dATP

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.


forchlorfenuron

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a phenyl group and a 2-chloropyridin-4-yl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is a plant growth regulator widely used in agriculture for improving fruit quality and fruit size.


salicyl alcohol

A hydroxybenzyl alcohol that is phenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at C-2.


alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


telaprevir

An oligopeptide consisting of N-(pyrazin-2-ylcarbonyl)cyclohexylalanyl, 3-methylvalyl, octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-1-carboxy, and 3-amino-N-cyclopropyl-2-oxohexanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.


4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide

A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.


A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.


A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-methylumbelliferyl substituent at the anomeric position. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor, it is  anti-tumourigenic for various malignant tumours.


amobarbital

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.


estriol 16-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is estriol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


p-tolyl beta-D-glucuronide

A glucosiduronic acid that is beta-D-glucuronic acid in which the anomeric hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a p-tolyl group.


fidaxomicin

An 18-membered macrolide that is a fermentation product obtained from the Actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum. A narrow spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of Clostridium difficile-related infections.


N-phenylacetamide

A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.


fructus schizandrae, radix ginseng, radix ophiopogonis drug combination


FMN

A flavin mononucleotide that is riboflavin (vitamin B2) in which the primary hydroxy group has been converted to its dihydrogen phosphate ester.


lumiflavin

A compound showing yellow-green fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in alkaline solution.


hexanoic acid

A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.


tenoxicam

A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine.  Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.


diclofenamide

A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.


A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl group at position 1 and a benzyl group at position 5.


pyridines

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


purpurogallin

A cyclic ketone that is 5H-benzocycloheptene bearing an oxo group at position 5 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 6.