general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process

The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus.


reproductive process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


amyloid precursor protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


reproductive structure development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures.


behavioral response to formalin induced pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus.


positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


efferent neuron

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.


peripheral nervous system

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.


F6M3L0_LAMFL EH-domain containing protein (trembl)


F6VEL3_MACMU Calcyon neuron specific vesicular protein (trembl)


A0A452E1P4_CAPHI Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 (trembl)


F1NTC8_CHICK PDZ and LIM domain 5 (trembl)


peripheral nervous system neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system.


ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


temperature-gated ion channel activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).


collection of basal ganglia

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum.


LIN7B_MOUSE Protein lin-7 homolog B (sprot)

A protein lin-7 homolog B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.


growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.


vocal learning

A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others.


regulation of dendrite development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.


H9FSF4_MACMU Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform a (trembl)


voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Voltage-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential. This is a key step in synaptic transmission, following the arrival of an action potential at the synapse.


regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.


negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.


regulation of intracellular signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.


14-3-3 protein binding

Binding to a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxy-terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins.


regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


dendrite membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendrite.


neuronal cell body membrane

The plasma membrane of a neuron cell body - excludes the plasma membrane of cell projections such as axons and dendrites.


cell-cell signaling via exosome

Cell-cell signaling in which the ligand is carried between cells by an exosome.


F6XUP1_MACMU non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (trembl)


F7BYT9_MACMU Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (trembl)


A0A1D5QJ26_MACMU Regulator of G protein signaling 12 (trembl)


A0A5K1VKW3_MACMU Regulator of G protein signaling 14 (trembl)


A0A4D6IX63_HUMAN RPS23 retroposed 1 (trembl)


SYT17_HUMAN Synaptotagmin-17 (sprot)

A synaptotagmin-17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.


negative regulation of intracellular transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.


anterior neural plate formation

The formation of anterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


regulation of leukocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.


neutrophil mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil.


regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


nuclear migration along microtubule

The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.


negative regulation of proteolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


negative regulation of mitotic recombination

Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of DNA recombination during mitosis.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


nuclear replisome

A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


DNA helicase A complex

A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.


postreplication repair

The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication.


organelle membrane

A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.


optokinetic behavior

The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.


cellular response to anoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


lamellar body membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a lamellar body. A lamellar body is a membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.


APOB_HUMAN Apolipoprotein B-100 (sprot)

An apolipoprotein B-100 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABCA3_HUMAN Phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA3 (sprot)

A phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.


regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


branching morphogenesis of a nerve

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).


melanocyte migration

The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.


pigment granule aggregation in cell center

The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.


pigment granule dispersal

The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.


pyridoxal phosphate binding

Binding to pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.


alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination.


L-alanine biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine from other compounds, including pyruvate.


positive regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


translation elongation factor binding

Binding to a translation elongation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the peptide elongation in ribosome-mediated translation.


transcription preinitiation complex

A protein-DNA complex composed of proteins binding promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription.


transcription factor TFIIH holo complex

A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.


transcription factor TFIIH core complex

The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, Tfb4p and Tfb5p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).


transcription open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


RNA polymerase II promoter clearance

A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


arachidonic acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


regulation of DNA replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.


negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.


negative regulation of chromosome segregation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


ceramide translocation

The movement of a ceramide molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


glycosylceramide

A ceramide compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxy group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


aminophospholipid flippase activity

Enables the transfer of aminophospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.


A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase.


TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex

A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates the inner membrane insertion of multi-transmembrane spanning proteins that contain internal targeting elements. In yeast cells, TIM22 is a 300-kDa complex, consisting of four membrane integral subunits, Tim22, Tim54, Tim18 and Sdh3, and a peripheral chaperone complex consisting of the small TIM proteins, Tim9-Tim10-Tim12.


nuclear pore organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore.


spliceosomal complex disassembly

Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure.


NCBP1_HUMAN Nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 1 (sprot)

A nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NCBP2_HUMAN Nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 2 (sprot)

A nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRSF9_HUMAN Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 9 (sprot)

A serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRSF5_HUMAN Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 5 (sprot)

A serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRS11_HUMAN Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 11 (sprot)

A serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U2AF2_HUMAN Splicing factor U2AF 65 kDa subunit (sprot)

A splicing factor U2AF 65 kDa subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRSF4_HUMAN Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 4 (sprot)

A serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U2AF1_HUMAN Splicing factor U2AF 35 kDa subunit (sprot)

A splicing factor U2AF 35 kDa subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


U2AF4_HUMAN Splicing factor U2AF 26 kDa subunit (sprot)

A splicing factor U2AF 26 kDa subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


pancreatic D cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


enteroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.


pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin.


negative regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere

The directed movement of a protein-containing macromolecular complex to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


neuroblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts.


cell division site

The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles.


cellular bud neck septin collar

A tubular structure with flared ends, shaped like an hourglass and composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments, that forms at the bud neck of a dividing cell. In S. cerevisiae, this structure is located at the bud neck throughout most of the cell cycle and the septins are fixed within the structure, not exchanging with soluble septins. This septin structure acts as a scaffold for other proteins that function at the bud neck.


cellular bud neck split septin rings

Two separate septin rings that are formed from the septin collar at the time of cytokinesis in cells that divide by budding. These two rings are thought to delineate a special compartment in which factors involved in cytokinesis are concentrated.


axial cellular bud site selection

The process of defining the next site of bud emergence adjacent to the last site of bud emergence on a budding cell.


protein localization to cell division site after cytokinesis

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division following cytokinesis.


negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid fibril formation.


maintenance of nucleus location

Any process in which the nucleus is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.


SIR5_HUMAN NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A glycerophosphocholine having an unspecified O-acyl substituent at the 1-position of the glycerol fragment.


lysophosphatidylcholine 14:0

A lysophosphatidylcholine in which the remaining acyl group is specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). If R1 is the acyl group and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.  If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is the acyl group then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


lysophosphatidylcholine 22:6

An acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group (position not specified) contains 22 carbons with 6 double bonds.


PPCT_HUMAN Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (sprot)

A phosphatidylcholine transfer protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


STAR7_HUMAN StAR-related lipid transfer protein 7, mitochondrial (sprot)

A StAR-related lipid transfer protein 7, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3-containing nucleosome

A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins containing the histone H3, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


MSL complex

A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residue at position 16. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, and MSL1, MSL2 and MSL3.


X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating

An RNA-protein complex localized to the X chromosome of males where it is required for the hyper-transcriptional activation of the X chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


An alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which unspecified alkyl and acyl groups are located at positions 1 and 2 respectively.


alkylglycerol

A glycerol ether having at least one alkyl substituent on oxygen.


histone acetyltransferase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of histone acetyltransferase.


intracellular distribution of mitochondria

Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.


positive regulation of protein deacetylation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


cellular tumor antigen p53 acetylated 2 (mouse)

A cellular tumor antigen p53 (mouse) that has been acetylated at the position equivalent to Lys-379 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P02340. UniProtKB:P02340, Lys-379, MOD:00064.


intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).


COPI vesicle coat

One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state.


regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis.


mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals that forms a pathway of communication from the mitochondria to the nucleus and initiates cellular changes in response to changes in mitochondrial function.


regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


epidermal growth factor binding

Binding to epidermal growth factor.


morphogenesis of an epithelial fold

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis.


neuregulin binding

Binding to a neuregulin, a member of the EGF family of growth factors.


establishment of planar polarity involved in nephron morphogenesis

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.


gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1

A GABA(A) receptor protein that is a translation product of the human GABRA1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6

A GABA(A) receptor protein that is a translation product of the human GABRA6 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5

A GABA(A) receptor protein that is a translation product of the human GABRA5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


positive regulation of timing of anagen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


nail development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nail over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the outer end of a finger or toe, and consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.


epidermal-dermal junction

The multi-layer basement membrane between the dermis and epidermis that serves to adhere the dermis and epidermis, provide mechanical support for the epidermis, and forms a barrier to cells and large molecules across the junction.


glycosphingolipid binding

Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


tongue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


mammary gland epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


outflow tract septum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.


negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


frontal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized.


positive regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


cellular response to estradiol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.


negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor CREB.


activation of meiosis

Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis.


hair inner root sheath

A multilayered tube composed of terminally differentiated hair follicle keratinocytes that is surrounded by the outer root sheath; the layers of the inner root sheath include the companion layer, Henle's layer, Huxley's layer and the inner root sheath cuticle[MP].


hair cycle

The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


regulation of hair cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


trachea gland development

The progression of a trachea gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Trachea glands are found under the mucus of the trachea and secrete mucus, and agents that help protect the lung from injury and infection.


regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


coronary vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels of the heart are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


tricuspid valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


positive regulation of binding

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


membrane biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.


keratin filament binding

Binding to a keratin filament, an intermediate filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells.


regulation of antibacterial peptide production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


mitochondrial DNA replication

The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of the embryonic placenta.


peptide secretion

The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue.


regulation of integrin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.


spot adherens junction

A small cell-cell adherens junction assembled during the cellularization stage of insect embyrogenesis; spot adherens junctions later fuse to form the zonula adherens.


KAD2_HUMAN Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

An adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


regulation of type 2 immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


regulation of T cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.


alcohol-forming very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = a very long-chain primary alcohol + NADP+ + CoA. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


post-embryonic camera-type eye development

The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Golgi cis cisterna

The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER.


neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in a neutral environment.


peptide hormone secretion

The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell.


dentinogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of dentin, the mineralized tissue that constitutes the major bulk of teeth. Dentin may be one of three types: primary dentin, secondary dentin, and tertiary dentin.


sphingomyelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.


polysaccharide transport

The directed movement of polysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.


cellular response to magnesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.


sphingomyelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine.


long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


diacylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.


clathrin-sculpted vesicle

A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release.


multivesicular body, internal vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle wholly contained within a multivesicular body.


contractile ring

A cytoskeletal structure composed of filamentous protein that forms beneath the membrane of many cells or organelles, in the plane of cell or organelle division. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells or organelles.


motile cell

A cell that moves by its own activities.


endosome to melanosome transport

The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle.


histidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels

Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.


actin filament network formation

The assembly of a network of actin filaments; actin filaments on different axes and with differing orientations are crosslinked together to form a mesh of filaments.


aspartate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


bradykinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptide hormone bradykinin.


VP33B_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamine is 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


glutamine transport

The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


microfibril

Extracellular matrix components occurring independently or along with elastin. Thought to have force-bearing functions in tendon. In addition to fibrillins, microfibrils may contain other associated proteins.


capsule of lens

The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens.


muscle cell projection membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a muscle cell projection.


positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


sarcoplasm

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


microfibril binding

Binding to a microfibril, any small fibril occurring in biological material.


extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity

A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


supramolecular fiber organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.


hippocampal mossy fiber

An axon of a hippocampal granule cell, including dentate gyrus granule cell and CA3 granule cell, characterized by expansions (mossy fiber expansions) giving the fibers a mossy appearance. These unmyelinated axons were first described by Ramon y Cajal.


positive regulation of transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


AP-1 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-1 adaptor complex. The AP-1 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).


positive regulation of cholesterol import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol import.


Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.


lytic vacuole

A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.


positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.


macrophage proliferation

The expansion of a macrophage population by cell division.


septin cytoskeleton

The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of septins and associated proteins. Includes septin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.


pseudopodium retraction

The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a pseudopodium.


cortical cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


cellular pigmentation

The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


unconventional myosin-IXb isoform 3 (mouse)

An unconventional myosin-IXb (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9QY06-3.


unconventional myosin-IXb isoform 1 (mouse)

An unconventional myosin-IXb (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9QY06-1.


ATPase binding

Binding to an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.


negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


negative regulation of protein localization to cilium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.


lysosomal matrix

A matrix composed of supramolecular assemblies of lysosomal enzymes and lipids which forms at a pH of 5.0 within the lysosome.


chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding

The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.


clathrin coat disassembly

The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.


collagen receptor activity

Combining with a collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of B cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


TRPDC_RUMGV Tryptophan decarboxylase (sprot)


TRPC_BACTN Indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (sprot)


TRPDC_CLOS1 Tryptophan decarboxylase (sprot)


granuloma formation

The formation of nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, well-structured, and containing compactly grouped T lymphocytes and modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents. The center of a granuloma consists of fused macrophages, which can become necrotic.


acetoacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


FBN2_MOUSE Fibrillin-2 (sprot)

A fibrillin-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


S35D3_HUMAN Solute carrier family 35 member D3 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 35 member D3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule-based process

Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


mast cell secretory granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


zinc export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of zinc ions from a cell, into the extracellular region.


dopachrome isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate.


regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.


terminal button organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.


actin rod assembly

The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.


glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.


COPI-coated vesicle

A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.


Golgi vesicle transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles.


regulation of vesicle size

Any process that modulates the size of a vesicle.


regulation of actin nucleation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.


renal water absorption

A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


postsynaptic endocytic zone

A stably positioned site of clathrin adjacent and physically attached to the postsynaptic specialization, which is the site of endocytosis of post-synaptic proteins.


opsin binding

Binding to an opsin, any of a group of hydrophobic, integral membrane glycoproteins located primarily in the disc membrane of rods or cones, involved in photoreception.


opsin transport

The directed movement of an opsin (a G protein-coupled receptor of photoreceptor cells) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


background adaptation

Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity.


Smc5-Smc6 complex

A conserved complex that contains a heterodimer of SMC proteins (Smc5p and Smc6p, or homologs thereof) and several other proteins, and is involved in DNA repair and maintaining cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. In S. cerevisiae, this is an octameric complex called Mms21-Smc5-Smc6 complex, with at least five of its subunits conserved in fission yeast and humans.


mediator complex binding

Binding to a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


autophagosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an autophagosome.


ErbB-2 class receptor binding

Binding to a protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Neu/ErbB-2/HER2.


chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


regulation of store-operated calcium entry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium entry.


phagosome-lysosome fusion involved in apoptotic cell clearance

The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome as a part of apoptotic cell clearance.


co-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA interference machinery

A process in which the RNAi machinery mediates the degradation of nascent transcripts in association with chromatin.


cellular response to fatty acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.


mammary gland morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


negative regulation of type 2 immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


negative regulation of macrophage fusion

Any process that stops, prevents, or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.


epithelial cell of stratum germinativum of esophagus

A basal cell that is part of the epithelium of esophagus.


inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.


regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


somatotropin secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.


prolactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prolactin, a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that promotes lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals.


thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion

The regulated release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.


positive regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


luteinizing hormone secretion

The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.


follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

The regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.


synaptic transmission involved in micturition

The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


prolactin receptor binding

Binding to a prolactin receptor.


regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via JAK-STAT.


growth hormone receptor binding

Binding to a growth hormone receptor.


positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


GHR_MOUSE Growth hormone receptor (sprot)

A growth hormone receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


peptide hormone receptor binding

Binding to a receptor for a peptide hormone.


subthalamic nucleus development

The progression of the subthalamic nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.


negative regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.


olfactory sociosexual communication

The use of external chemical cues called pheromones to send social and sexual information between members of the same species, leading to specific behavioral responses. Pheromones may be detected by two olfactory sensory circuits, the main olfactory pathway and the vomeronasal system.


ODPA_YEAST Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, mitochondrial (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the PDA1 gene in yeast.


barbed-end actin filament capping

The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


negative regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.


CTDK-1 complex

A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).


positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.


positive regulation of translational fidelity

Any process that increases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.


skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract.


notochord cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.


endocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


intermediate mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.


mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in which a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.


positive regulation of calcium ion import

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


positive regulation of enamel mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


ameloblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an ameloblast, a cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ.


cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.


mandibular condyle articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mandibular joint condyle articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the S-shaped body is generated and organized. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.


negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.


negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


focal adhesion kinase 1, initiator methionine removed phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A focal adhesion kinase 1, initiator methionine removed phosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:P34152, 2-1052, Tyr-397, MOD:00048.


focal adhesion kinase 1, initiator methionine removed unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A focal adhesion kinase 1, initiator methionine removed form (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation on the residue at the position equivalent to Tyr-397 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q05397-1. Example: UniProtKB:Q05397-1, 2-1052, Tyr-397, PR:000026291.


PHAG1_HUMAN Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 (sprot)

A phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NDUS3_HUMAN NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


LETM1_HUMAN Mitochondrial proton/calcium exchanger protein (sprot)

A mitochondrial proton/calcium exchanger protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


GLYM_HUMAN Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


CH10_HUMAN 10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

A 10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


NDUA5_HUMAN NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 (sprot)

An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KTN1_HUMAN Kinectin (sprot)

A kinectin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ELMO2_HUMAN Engulfment and cell motility protein 2 (sprot)

An engulfment and cell motility protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


type D cell of stomach

A type D cell found in the stomach.


cyclin D2-CDK4 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.


cellular response to ionomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.


cyclin D2-CDK6 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


response to 5-fluorouracil

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus.


cyclin A1-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin E1-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin E2-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin E2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin A2-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication.


regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the first glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


Catalysis of the addition of mannose to dolichyl-pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 (also written as Man7GlcNAc2-PP-Dol) in alpha-(1->6) linkage, producing Man8GlcNAc2-PP-Dol.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the third glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose(2-) + a (mannosyl)2-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)2-diphosphodolichol = H+ + GDP(3-) + a (mannosyl)3-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)2-diphosphodolichol.


lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the lumen.


An alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


An alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate(1-)

Conjugate base of dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate arising from deprotonation of the free OH group of the phosphate.


Dianion of N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


Dianion of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol.


An alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


An alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


Conjugate base of beta-D-mannosyldiacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


An alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


An alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


An alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


An alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


An alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol)(2-) in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


maintenance of cell number

Any process by which the numbers of cells of a particular type or in a tissue are maintained.


beta-3 adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to a beta-3 adrenergic receptor.


regulation of cytoplasmic translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.


sterol homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sterol within an organism or cell.


protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.


positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.


negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation

Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.


peroxisome inheritance

The acquisition of peroxisomes by daughter cells from the mother cell after replication. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the number of peroxisomes cells is fairly constant; a subset of the organelles are targeted and segregated to the bud in a highly ordered, vectorial process. Efficient segregation of peroxisomes from mother to bud is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, and active movement of peroxisomes along actin filaments is driven by the class V myosin motor protein, Myo2p.


vesicle transport along actin filament

Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.


polarisome

Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites; in Saccharomyces the polarisome includes Bni1p, Spa2p, Pea2p, and Bud6p.


sensory perception of bitter taste

The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of umami taste

The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of sweet taste

The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


negative regulation of calcineurin-mediated signaling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcineurin-mediated signaling.


regulation of heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis.


transcription export complex 2

A protein complex that couples SAGA-dependent gene expression to mRNA export at the inner side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The TREX-2 complex is tethered to the inner side of the NPC via the nucleoporins Nup1 and Nup60; in S. cerevisiae it contains Sac3p, Thp1p, Sem1, Sus1p and Cdc31p.


DUBm complex

A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.


NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.


NAD-dependent histone H4K16 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.


regulation of mating type switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


regulation of DNA stability

Any process that modulates the stability of DNA.


negative regulation of DNA amplification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.


positive regulation of dentin-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that initiates the formation of a tooth bud by the secretion of a signal from a mesenchymal cell and its reception and subsequent change in the identity of an epithelial cell of the tooth bud.


negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation

The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.


regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


SAGA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SAGA complex, a SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof.


allantois development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an allantois over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lateral mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a lateral mesoderm cell.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.


N-glycan processing

The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking.


contractile actin filament bundle assembly

Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.


inner cell mass cellular morphogenesis

The morphogenesis of cells in the inner cell mass.


chemorepulsion of axon

The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


chemoattraction of axon

The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.


positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel remodeling.


regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.


regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


embryonic lung development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cerebellar cortex structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


type I interferon receptor binding

Binding to an interferon-type I receptor, a heterodimeric complex composed of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).


protein phosphorylated amino acid binding

Binding to a phosphorylated amino acid residue within a protein.


postsynaptic specialization assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic specialization, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane.


reelin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of reelin (a secreted glycoprotein) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


activation of GTPase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP.


cerebellar neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebellar neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


helper T cell diapedesis

The passage of a helper T cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.


lamellipodium morphogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized.


platelet alpha granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.


phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform 2 (mouse)

A phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform 1 (mouse)

A phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


positive regulation of rRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.


regulation of kinetochore assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of kinetochore assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


transcription export complex

The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.


RNA helicase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an RNA helicase.


positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.


negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.


negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication.


protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.


regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


DNA repair complex

A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.


meiotic cell cycle process

A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle.


DNA recombinase disassembly

The disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent strand exchange proteins (recombinases).


inner kinetochore

The region of a kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA which contains many CENP proteins organized in various subcomplexes including CENP-C, CENP-LN, CENP-HIKM, CENP-OPQUR and CENP-TWSX, but excluding the CENP-A containing heterochromatin.


achiasmate meiosis I

The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata.


Barr body

A structure found in a female mammalian cell containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.


negative regulation of chromosome condensation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation.


regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.


cellular response to interferon-alpha

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.


response to alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


spectrin-associated cytoskeleton

The part of the cytoskeleton composed of spectrin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin. Spectrin-associated cytoskeleton is associated with the plasma membrane.


hemoglobin complex

An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.


spectrin

Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.


porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.


oxygen binding

Binding to oxygen (O2).


RNAi effector complex

Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.


male sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation.


cytochrome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.


protein farnesylation

The covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to a protein.


positive regulation of immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.


humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


early endosome to late endosome transport

The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.


Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells.


positive regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


box C/D snoRNP assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which the terminal end of a mammary duct bifurcates.


transcription factor TFIID complex

A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.


RNA polymerase I transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


DNA-templated transcription open complex formation

Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


RNA polymerase II complex recruiting activity

Binding to an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way in order to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.


small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains at least one RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and as well as its associated proteins. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP, U4/U6 snRNP, or 7SK snRNP. Many, of these complexes become part of the spliceosome involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs. Others are involved in regulation of transcription elongation or 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


nuclear retinoid X receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear retinoid X receptor.


nuclear retinoic acid receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.


nuclear thyroid hormone receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor.


histone deacetylase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of histone deacetylase.


cellular response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.


regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


NR1H3_MOUSE Oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha (sprot)

An oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


histone deacetylase complex

A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.


protein retention in ER lumen

The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.


retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi

The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi.