nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.


isotype switching

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


magnesium ion binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a magnesium (Mg) ion.


multivesicular body

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


B cell receptor complex

An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


microvillus

Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.


nuclear DNA replication

The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


cell cycle

The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.


protein processing

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


programmed cell death

A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.


release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.


cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


DNA recombination

Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.


B cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


B cell receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


calcium-mediated signaling using extracellular calcium source

The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions imported from an extracellular source to convert a signal into a response.


exocytosis

A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.


receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport

A receptor-mediated endocytosis process involved in intracellular cholesterol transport.


lymphocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes

Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.


somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments

The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.


cell-substrate adhesion

The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+).


B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.


isotype switching to IgE isotypes

The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


response to gamma radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


negative regulation of B cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


B cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.


antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell.


MHC class II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.


negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.


isotype switching to IgG isotypes

The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


cell gliding

Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell along a solid surface.


B cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


plasma cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.


B cell proliferation

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.


lymphocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


T cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


CEAM1_MOUSE Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (sprot)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform x1 (mouse)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P06800-1. UniProtKB:P06800-4, 3-1293.


regulation of isotype switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


mature B cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. Initially, these cells are IgM-positive and IgD-positive, and they can be activated by antigen.


regeneration

The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass).


developmental growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.


liver regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.


forebrain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


ligamentous ossification

Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.


calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.


response to organic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.


negative regulation of cell population proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.


regulation of cell population proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.


regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


peptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.


ATP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Enables the transfer of protons from mitochondrial intermembrane space into mitochondrial matrix, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane established by the electron transport chain during the oxidative phosphorylation (proton leak). Proton leak uncouples the processes of electron transport/proton generation and ATP synthesis.


proton binding

Binding to proton.


hepatocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.


cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


Kupffer's vesicle development

The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.


splenocyte

Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen.


midbrain

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO].


paired fin bud

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP].


blastema of regenerating fin/limb

A blastema that is part of a regenerating fin/limb.


retinal progenitor cell

A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells.


pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron

A GABAergic interneuron located in the cerebral cortex that expresses Parvalbumin.


cortical plate

The outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers[MP].


myeloid cell

A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.


cerebellum external granule cell layer

Transient layer of the cerebellar cortex present during development which is composed of dividing and migrating granule cells[MP].


male reproductive system

The organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa.


photoreceptor layer of retina

The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside.


future brain

The embryonic precursor of the brain.


lens vesicle cavity

An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle.


future diencephalon

The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon.


extraembryonic ectoderm

Layer of the endoderm of the extraembryonic tissue.


hematopoietic stem cell

A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119.


glioblast (sensu Vertebrata)

An early neural cell developing from the early ependymal cell of the neural tube.


A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans.


memory T cell

A long-lived, antigen-experienced T cell that has acquired a memory phenotype including distinct surface markers and the ability to differentiate into an effector T cell upon antigen reexposure.


neurectodermal cell

Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue.


Kit and Sca1-positive hematopoietic stem cell

A hematopoietic stem cell that has plasma membrane part Kit-positive, SCA-1-positive, CD150-positive and CD34-negative.


myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell

A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage.


endocrine cell

A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.


mononuclear cytotrophoblast cell

A cell from the inner layer of the trophoblast of the early mammalian embryo that gives rise to the outer surface and villi of the chorion. Mononuclear crytoblasts fuse to give rise to a multinuclear cytotrophoblast.


megakaryocyte progenitor cell

The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative).


proerythroblast

An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.


acinar cell of sebaceous gland

A sebum secreting cell of the skin that secretes sebum into the hair follicles.


monoblast

A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. This cell is CD11b-positive, has basophilic cytoplasm, euchromatin, and the presence of a nucleolus.


melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell

A cell of the intermediate pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone.


primary lens fiber

An elongating cell that rapidly obliterates the lumen of the lens vesicle. Subsequently, differentiation of this cell type at the lens equator leads to the formation of secondary fiber cells that come to overlie the primary fibers.


columnar chondrocyte

A columnar chondrocyte that differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. Columnar chondrocytes vigorously proliferate and form columns in the growth plate.


supporting cell of cochlea

An epithelial supporting cell located in the cochlea.


epidermal melanocyte

Any melanocyte that is part of a epidermis.


mitogenic signaling cell

A cell whose primary function is to cause growth by stimulating cell division in its immediate cellular environment.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


embryonic brain development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


adult walking behavior

The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cellular response to interleukin-18

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


positive regulation of B cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


signal transduction in response to DNA damage

A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell.


CMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.


dCMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.


UMP salvage

Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.


cytidine to uridine editing

The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.


pyrimidine nucleoside salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Binding to a low-density lipoprotein receptor.


poly(A) RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n)-3'-adenine ribonucleotide. The primer may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.


cytidine

A pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.


A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having cytosine as the nucleobase.


uridine

A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.


A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having uracil as the nucleobase.


ammonium

An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia.


ammonia

An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.


ACKR3_HUMAN Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (sprot)

An atypical chemokine receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCR2_HUMAN C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (sprot)

A C-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXCR4_HUMAN C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (sprot)

A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXCR2_HUMAN C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (sprot)

A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endoderm formation

The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.


C-X-C motif chemokine 12 receptor activity

Combining with the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12 to a C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CXCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


EREP1_HUMAN Endosomal transmembrane epsin interactor 1 (sprot)

An endosomal transmembrane epsin interactor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDS5B_HUMAN Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B (sprot)

A sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B that is encoded in the genome of human.


chromosome separation

The cell cycle process in which paired chromosomes are detached from each other. Chromosome separation begins with the release of cohesin complexes from chromosomes; in budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions. Chromosome separation also includes formation of chromatid axes mediated by condensins, and ends with the disentangling of inter-sister catenation catalyzed by topoisomerase II (topo II).


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase II gene promoter. Messenger RNAs (mRNA) genes, as well as some non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


ATPase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces an ATP hydrolysis activity.


regulation of DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


negative regulation of DNA binding

Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


mitochondrial chromosome

A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.


MORC3_HUMAN MORC family CW-type zinc finger protein 3 (sprot)

A MORC family CW-type zinc finger protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NEUL4_HUMAN Neuralized-like protein 4 (sprot)

A neuralized-like protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 isoform 10 (mouse)

A POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P25425-10.


POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 isoform 2 (mouse)

A POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P25425-2.


ICP0_HHV11 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ICP0 (sprot)


lens development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


lens fiber cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.


camera-type eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


organelle disassembly

The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.


epigenetic regulation of gene expression

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or cytosine methylation of DNA. Once established, this regulation may be maintained over many cell divisions. It can also be heritable in the absence of the instigating signal.


enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus.


visual behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.


lens fiber

A region of the lens consisting of packed elongated enucleate cells packed with crystallin.


lens fiber cell

A vetebrate lens cell that is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


cell junction

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.


camera-type eye

An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid.


epithelium of lens

A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye.


epithelial cell morphogenesis

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.


establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.


establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


actin filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.


cellular bud neck

The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.


kidney cortex collecting duct epithelial cell

An epithelial cell that is part of a cortical collecting duct.


cell

A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.


vestibular dark cell

An epithelial cell of the vestibular sensory organ that is characterized by intense enzymatic activities and numerous basal membrane infoldings.


cellular bud

A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.


dorsal horn of spinal cord

The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO].


chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron

A pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron that is recognizable by the straight terminal axonal 'cartridges' of vertically oriented strings of synaptic boutons. Chandelier PV cells' boutons target exclusively the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal cells, with a single cell innervating hundreds of pyramidal cells in a clustered manner.


professional antigen presenting cell

A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response.


smooth muscle cell of colon

A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon.


intestine goblet cell

Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins known as mucins. Human intestinal goblet cells secrete the MUC2 mucin, as well as a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3.


vestibular system

The sensory system for the sense of balance.


hippocampal astrocyte

An astrocyte that is part of the hippocampus.


type I NK T cell

An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK cell markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses specific V-alpha chains. NK T cells of this type recognize the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide in the context of CD1d.


glutamatergic neuron

A neuron that is capable of some neurotansmission by glutamate secretion.


pillar cell

A rod-like cell in the inner ear, having their heads joined and their bases on the basilar membrane widely separated so as to form a spiral tunnel known as the tunnel of Corti.


corneal epithelial cell

An epithelial cell of the cornea.


Kupffer cell

A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids involved in erythrocyte clearance. Markers include F4/80+, CD11b-low, CD68-positive, sialoadhesin-positive, CD163/SRCR-positive. Irregular, with long processes including lamellipodia extending into the sinusoid lumen, have flattened nucleus with cytoplasm containing characteristic invaginations of the plasma membrane (vermiform bodies); lie within the sinusoid lumen attached to the endothelial surface; derived from the bone marrow, form a major part of the body's mononuclear phagocyte system.


lactocyte

A milk-producing glandular epithelial cell that is part of a mammary gland alveolus and differentiates from a luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell during secretory differentiation (also termed lactogenesis I). Following secretory activation (also termed lactogenesis II), a lactocyte is involved in the synthesis and/or transport of milk constituents including proteins, oligosaccharides, lactose, micronutrients, fat, hormones, immunoglobulins, and cytokines into the lumen of the lactating mammary gland.


nervous system

The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].


decidual cell

A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization.


type II pneumocyte

A type II pneumocyte is a pneumocyte that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a type I pneumocyte. Thicker than squamous alveolar cells, have a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of surrounding epithelium. The free surface is covered by short microvilli.


placental villous trophoblast

A trophoblast of placental villi.  These cells fuse to form synctial  trophoplast - the placental side of the interface between the placenta and maternal blood sinusoids in the decidua.


secondary lens fiber

A lens fiber cell that develops from primary lens fiber; located towards the center of lens; cell organelles are normally degraded or in the process of being degraded.


memory B cell

A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative.


K319L_HUMAN Dyslexia-associated protein KIAA0319-like protein (sprot)

A dyslexia-associated protein KIAA0319-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


seizure protein 6 isoform 1 (mouse)

A seizure protein 6 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q7TSK2-1.


seizure protein 6 isoform 2 (mouse)

A seizure protein 6 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q7TSK2-2.


lumenal side of membrane

Any side (leaflet) of a membrane that faces the lumen of an organelle.


interleukin-1 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity. Interleukin-1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages and is involved in the inflammatory response.


serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine-type endopeptidase.


ATP binding

Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.


riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of riboflavin from one side of a membrane to the other. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.


transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


sodium ion transport

The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


zinc ion binding

Binding to a zinc ion (Zn).


Rohon-Beard neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Rohon-Beard neuron.


laminin binding

Binding to a laminin, a major glycoprotein constituent of the basement membrane of cells.


L-serine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-serine is the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


monoatomic anion channel activity

Enables the energy-independent passage of a monoatomic anion across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


alpha,alpha-trehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity

Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thyroid hormones from one side of a membrane to the other. Thyroid hormone are any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


water channel activity

Transport systems of this type enable facilitated diffusion of water (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


cholesterol transfer activity

Removes cholesterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


hyalurononglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.


phosphatidylserine flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


phospholipid translocation

The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


chloride channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transporter of a solute across a membrane, via the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance across a membrane. The transport protein may be transiently phosphorylated (P-type transporters), or not (ABC-type transporters and other families of transporters). Primary active transport occurs up the solute's concentration gradient and is driven by a primary energy source.


ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


calcium-activated cation channel activity

Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


ABC-type vitamin B12 transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: vitamin B12(out) + ATP + H2O = ADP + an vitamin B12(in) + H+ + phosphate. Vitamin B12 is alkylcob(III)alamin.


cargo receptor activity

Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.


glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


potassium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


L-tyrosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-tyrosine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-tyrosine is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


glycosylceramide flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of glycosylceramide from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Glycosylceramides are ceramides containing a functional group derived from a sugar.


GABA receptor binding

Binding to a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) receptor.


ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out).


metallodipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


glucose binding

Binding to D- or L-enantiomers of glucose.


threonine efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of threonine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


angiotensin type I receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.


bradykinin receptor activity

Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that activates or increases the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


immune receptor activity

Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an immune response.


organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.


serotonin receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself.


ADP binding

Binding to ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity

Combining with gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


potassium channel activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a potassium channel, resulting in its opening.


alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha2-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gi alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


calcium channel inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a calcium channel.


proteinase-activated receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by a serine protease, exposing a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of potassium ions (K+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


lactate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lactate from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


glucagon receptor activity

Combining with glucagon and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


organic acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).


copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of copper (Cu) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a ribonucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


ATP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


thiamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thiamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


G protein-coupled glycine receptor activity

Combining with glycine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by changing the activity of intracellular G protein signaling.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: pantothenate(out) + Na+(out) = pantothenate(in) + Na+(in).


sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.


phospholipase D activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.


carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carnitine across a membrane. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).


sodium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


thrombin-activated receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


thrombospondin receptor activity

Combining with thrombospondin and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity

Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


ligand-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


interleukin-7 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids.


nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside diphosphate + H2O = a nucleoside monophosphate + phosphate.


ATP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ADP + H+.


P-type divalent copper transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).


voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


L-proline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-proline from one side of a membrane to the other. L-proline is pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


NAD+ nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).


calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + cation(out) = Ca2+(out) + cation(in).


voltage-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


ATPase-coupled intramembrane lipid transporter activity

Catalysis of the movement of lipids from one membrane leaflet to the other, driven by ATP hydrolysis. This includes flippases and floppases.


bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-.


extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


monoamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


pH-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in proton concentration (pH).


urate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a fatty acid + sphingosine.


calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.


iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


dinucleotide phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides.


G protein-coupled receptor binding

Binding to a G protein-coupled receptor.


organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


gap junction channel activity

A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.


intracellular cyclic nucleotide-activated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other.


prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of prostaglandins from one side of a membrane to the other. A prostaglandin is any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


phospholipid transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


urea transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of urea from one side of a membrane to the other. Urea is the water soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.


superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + O2 = NAD(P)H + O2-.


serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + myo-inositol + H+.


amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = sphingosine + phosphate.


ceramide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ceramide = ADP + ceramide-1-phosphate.


sphingomyelin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + ceramide = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sphingomyelin.


calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + K+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + K+(out) + Na+(in).


choline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of choline from one side of a membrane to the other. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).


folic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: iodide(out) + Na+(out) = iodide(in) + Na+(in).


high-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of magnesium (Mg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


adenylate cyclase binding

Binding to an adenylate cyclase.


citrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


acetylcholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.


P-type potassium:proton transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).


high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


carbon dioxide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carbon dioxide (CO2) from one side of a membrane to the other.


solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion(out) + solute(in) = inorganic anion (in) + solute(out).


voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


ABC-type heme transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + heme(in) = ADP + phosphate + heme(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


serine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


bile acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in).


ABC-type bile acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate.


sphingolipid transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of sphingolipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylceramide + UDP.


lactase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose.


D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the D-enantiomer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(out) = solute(in) + Na+(in).


sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A sugar is any member of a class of sweet, water-soluble, crystallizable carbohydrates, which are the monosaccharides and smaller oligosaccharides.


bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile.


sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.


L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-ascorbate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


dehydroascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, from one side of a membrane to the other.


nicotinate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nicotinate from one side of a membrane to the other.


monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.


iodide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of iodide ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


NAD(P)H oxidase H2O2-forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + hydrogen peroxide.


histamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + H2O + O2 = imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl palmitate = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + inorganic anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + inorganic anion(in).


excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, where channel opening contributes to an increase in membrane potential.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered.


passive transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a single solute from one side of a membrane to the other by a mechanism involving conformational change, either by facilitated diffusion or in a membrane potential dependent process if the solute is charged.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + H+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + H+(in).


polyol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a polyol from one side of a membrane to the other. A polyol is any polyhydric alcohol.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + Na+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + Na+(in).


glycerol channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of glycerol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


urea channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of urea (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + Na+(out) = sulfate(in) + Na+(in).


low-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: norepinephrine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = norepinephrine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in).


gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).


inorganic diphosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic diphosphate across a membrane.


volume-sensitive anion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic anion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a delayed rectifying voltage-gated channel. A delayed rectifying current-voltage relation is one where channel activation kinetics are time-dependent, and inactivation is slow.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = choline phosphate + glycerol + H+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: creatine(out) + Na+(out) = creatine(in) + Na+(in).


L-tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


fructose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


hexose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).


inward rectifier potassium channel 13 isoform 1 (mouse)

An inward rectifier potassium channel 13 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ERBB4_HUMAN Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 (sprot)

A receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MEP1A_HUMAN Meprin A subunit alpha (sprot)

A meprin A subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRP5_HUMAN ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 5 (sprot)

An ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD59 glycoprotein isoform h2 (human)

A CD59 glycoprotein (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P13987-2.


SNARE complex

A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.


interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 (mouse)

An interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cell division control protein 42 isoform 1 prenylated and palmitoylated 1 (mouse)

A cell division control protein 42 isoform 1 (mouse) that has tandem prenylation and palmitoylation at the C-terminal CCaX cysteines. UniProtKB:P60766-1, Cys-188, MOD:01110|Cys-189, MOD:01684.


short transient receptor potential channel 4 isoform alpha (mouse)

A short transient receptor potential cation channel TRPC4 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


neurexin-1-alpha isoform a1 (mouse)

A neurexin-1-alpha isoform a1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 (mouse)

A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q00941-1.


solute carrier family 12 member 7 isoform 1 N-glycosylated 1 (mouse)

A solute carrier family 12 member 7 isoform 1 (mouse) that is glycosylated on Asn residues in its largest outer loop between the fifth and sixth transmembrane domains. UniProtKB:Q9WVL3-1, Asn-312/Asn-331/Asn-344/Asn-360, MOD:00160.


disks large homolog 2 isoform m1 (mouse)

A disks large homolog 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q91XM9-1.


natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform 2 (mouse)

A natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform 1 (mouse)

A natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8K078-1.


solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


melanopsin isoform 2 (mouse)

A melanopsin isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


melanopsin isoform 1 (mouse)

A melanopsin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


equatorin isoform 1 (mouse)

An equatorin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9D9V2-1.


zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform 1 (mouse)

A zinc transporter ZIP4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q78IQ7-1.


GPC5B_MOUSE G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member B (sprot)

A G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


D2DFA9_MOUSE G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member B variant 2 (trembl)

A G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member B (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:D2DFA9.


solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 isoform m3 (mouse)

A solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q7TSK9.


B4YDY0_MOUSE Potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 2 (trembl)

A small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


syntaxin-binding protein 5-like isoform 2 (mouse)

A syntaxin-binding protein 5-like (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q5DQR4-2.


SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein 2 isoform 1 myristoylated 1 (mouse)

An SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein 2 isoform 1 myristoylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q80VA5-1, 2-1289, Gly-2, MOD:00068.


B2ZEZ5_MOUSE Selection and upkeep of intraepithelial T cells 2 (trembl)

A selection and upkeep of intraepithelial T-cells protein 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:B2ZEZ5.


Q8CG82_MOUSE Skint2 protein (trembl)

A selection and upkeep of intraepithelial T-cells protein 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8CG82.


adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 isoform m2 (mouse)

An adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9R0Y5-2.


advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform 3 (mouse)

An advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q62151-3.


advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform 1 (mouse)

An advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q62151-1.


potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 isoform 1 (mouse)

A voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNA5 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 isoform 2 (mouse)

A voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNA5 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


membrane raft

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.


GBA2_HUMAN Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase (sprot)

A non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACE2_HUMAN Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sprot)

An angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sodium channel complex

An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.


vesicle

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.


GLUT4_HUMAN Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LYPA1_HUMAN Acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (sprot)

An acyl-protein thioesterase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LTK_HUMAN Leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor (sprot)

A leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


ALK_HUMAN ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (sprot)

An ALK tyrosine kinase receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


RRAS2_HUMAN Ras-related protein R-Ras2 (sprot)

A Ras-related protein R-Ras2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GTR3_HUMAN Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AGTR1_HUMAN Type-1 angiotensin II receptor (sprot)

An angiotensin II receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BKRB2_HUMAN B2 bradykinin receptor (sprot)

A B2 bradykinin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


LYVE1_HUMAN Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (sprot)

A lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SL9A1_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HYAL2_HUMAN Hyaluronidase-2 (sprot)

A hyaluronidase-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


I10R2_HUMAN Interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta (sprot)

An interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


S6A20_HUMAN Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3 (sprot)

A sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FCG3A_HUMAN Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A (sprot)

A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A that is encoded in the genome of human.


TNR1A_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD28_HUMAN T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (sprot)

A T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD80_HUMAN T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 (sprot)

A CD80 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD86_HUMAN T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 (sprot)

A CD86 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


INGR2_HUMAN Interferon gamma receptor 2 (sprot)

An interferon-gamma receptor beta chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL18R_HUMAN Interleukin-18 receptor 1 (sprot)

An interleukin-18 receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


I18RA_HUMAN Interleukin-18 receptor accessory protein (sprot)

An interleukin-18 receptor accessory protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


LAT_HUMAN Linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 (sprot)

A linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S22A5_HUMAN Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (sprot)

An organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLD3_HUMAN 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3 (sprot)

A 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


5HT4R_HUMAN 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (sprot)

A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex

A type of voltage-dependent calcium channel responsible for excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. 'L' stands for 'long-lasting' referring to the length of activation.


voltage-gated calcium channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential.


ZDHC2_HUMAN Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC2 (sprot)

A palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex

The heterodimer formed by the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein, which dissociates from the alpha subunit upon guanine nuclotide exchange.


guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform Alpha-2 (mouse)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NLS1_HUMAN Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter 1 (sprot)

A sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


gasdermin-B isoform h4 (human)

A gasdermin-B (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8TAX9-4.


RGS7_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 7 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MGLYR_HUMAN Metabotropic glycine receptor (sprot)

A metabotropic glycine receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


RON_HUMAN Macrophage-stimulating protein receptor (sprot)

A macrophage-stimulating protein receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


MET_HUMAN Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (sprot)

A hepatocyte growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


AT1A1_HUMAN Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

A sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLD1_HUMAN Phospholipase D1 (sprot)

A phospholipase D1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BEST1_HUMAN Bestrophin-1 (sprot)

A bestrophin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAR1_HUMAN Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (sprot)

A proteinase-activated receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cation channel complex

An ion channel complex through which cations pass.


RET_HUMAN Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret (sprot)

A proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret that is encoded in the genome of human.


GFRAL_HUMAN GDNF family receptor alpha-like (sprot)

A GDNF family receptor alpha-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP14_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD27_HUMAN CD27 antigen (sprot)

A CD27 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD70_HUMAN CD70 antigen (sprot)

A CD70 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD3Z_HUMAN T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain (sprot)

A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTPRC_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD53_HUMAN Leukocyte surface antigen CD53 (sprot)

A CD53 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


DUS22_HUMAN Dual specificity protein phosphatase 22 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein phosphatase 22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL7RA_HUMAN Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


EAA2_HUMAN Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (sprot)

An excitatory amino acid transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RASH_HUMAN GTPase HRas (sprot)

A GTPase HRas that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC6A7_HUMAN Sodium-dependent proline transporter (sprot)

A sodium-dependent proline transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


EAA4_HUMAN Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (sprot)

An excitatory amino acid transporter 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EAA5_HUMAN Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (sprot)

An excitatory amino acid transporter 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRPC1_HUMAN Short transient receptor potential channel 1 (sprot)

A short transient receptor potential channel 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRP4_HUMAN ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (sprot)

An ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RHAG_HUMAN Ammonium transporter Rh type A (sprot)

An ammonium transporter Rh type A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNN4_HUMAN Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 (sprot)

An intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABCAC_HUMAN Glucosylceramide transporter ABCA12 (sprot)

A glucosylceramide transporter ABCA12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC6A4_HUMAN Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (sprot)

A sodium-dependent serotonin transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


NAR1_HUMAN GPI-linked NAD(P)(+)--arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A GPI-linked NAD(P)(+)--arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP15_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-15 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLB1_HUMAN Phospholipase B1, membrane-associated (sprot)

A phospholipase B1, membrane-associated that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADAM8_HUMAN Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 8 (sprot)

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC5A7_HUMAN High affinity choline transporter 1 (sprot)

A high affinity choline transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABHD3_HUMAN Phospholipase ABHD3 (sprot)

A phospholipase ABHD3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NTCP2_HUMAN Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter (sprot)

An ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABCBB_HUMAN Bile salt export pump (sprot)

A bile salt export pump that is encoded in the genome of human.


NTCP_HUMAN Hepatic sodium/bile acid cotransporter (sprot)

A hepatic sodium/bile acid cotransporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


SO1B3_HUMAN Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 (sprot)

A solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SO1A2_HUMAN Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 (sprot)

A solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRP3_HUMAN ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 (sprot)

An ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SO1B1_HUMAN Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (sprot)

A solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SMS2_HUMAN Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 2 (sprot)

A phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLPP1_HUMAN Phospholipid phosphatase 1 (sprot)

A phospholipid phosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPNS2_HUMAN Sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter SPNS2 (sprot)

A sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter SPNS2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AL3B1_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1 (sprot)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ENPP7_HUMAN Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7 (sprot)

An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NEUR3_HUMAN Sialidase-3 (sprot)

A sialidase-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CERK1_HUMAN Ceramide kinase (sprot)

A ceramide kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ASAH2_HUMAN Neutral ceramidase (sprot)

A neutral ceramidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


C1R_HUMAN Complement C1r subcomponent (sprot)

A complement C1r subcomponent that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNAL4_HUMAN Dynein axonemal light chain 4 (sprot)

A dynein axonemal light chain 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TREA_HUMAN Trehalase (sprot)

A trehalase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SWET1_HUMAN Sugar transporter SWEET1 (sprot)

A sugar transporter SWEET1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC5A2_HUMAN Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (sprot)

A sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC5A9_HUMAN Sodium/glucose cotransporter 4 (sprot)

A sodium/glucose cotransporter 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S45A3_HUMAN Solute carrier family 45 member 3 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 45 member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GTR9_HUMAN Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC5AA_HUMAN Sodium/mannose cotransporter SLC5A10 (sprot)

A sodium/mannose cotransporter SLC5A10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


heme transporter FLVCR1 isoform h1 (human)

A heme transporter FLVCR1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9Y5Y0-1.


solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 isoform h3 (human)

A solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O94956-3.


MRP2_HUMAN ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (sprot)

An ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRP1_HUMAN Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (sprot)

A multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLPP6_HUMAN Polyisoprenoid diphosphate/phosphate phosphohydrolase PLPP6 (sprot)

A polyisoprenoid diphosphate/phosphate phosphohydrolase PLPP6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LRP2_HUMAN Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (sprot)

A low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.