nucleus raphe magnus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the motor system; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system. The magnus receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices . All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus. The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain. The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of analgesia, sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise). Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces analgesia, as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus. The antinociceptic effects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering naloxone, an opiate antagonist, to the n.r. magnus. All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted].


circadian temperature homeostasis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


TNAA_ECOLI Tryptophanase (sprot)

A tryptophanase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12.


surface mucosal cell of stomach

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A simple columnar cell that populates the entire luminal surface including the gastric pits. This cell types secrete mucus to form a thick protective, lubricant layer over the gastric wall.


proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 isoform PC5A (mouse)

A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q04592-2.


EXOC3_HUMAN Exocyst complex component 3 (sprot)

An exocyst complex component 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EXOC6_HUMAN Exocyst complex component 6 (sprot)

An exocyst complex component 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EXOC5_HUMAN Exocyst complex component 5 (sprot)

An exocyst complex component 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EXOC1_HUMAN Exocyst complex component 1 (sprot)

An exocyst complex component 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EXOC2_HUMAN Exocyst complex component 2 (sprot)

An exocyst complex component 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EXOC8_HUMAN Exocyst complex component 8 (sprot)

An exocyst complex component 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein maturation by protein folding

The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.


biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.


protein localization to secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule.


cell trailing edge

The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.


anterior visceral endoderm cell migration

The orderly movement of an anterior visceral endoderm cell from one site to another.


response to electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


glial cell growth

Growth of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.


renal tubule development

The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


focal adhesion disassembly

The disaggregation of a focal adhesion into its constituent components. A focal adhesion is a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also functions as a locus of signal transduction activity.


The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.


polarized secretion of basement membrane proteins in epithelium

The basement membrane constituent secretion in which there is a restriction or targeting of basement membrane proteins for controlled release on the basal side of polarized epithelium.


tear secretion

The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.


maintenance of postsynaptic density structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic density.


serotonin uptake

The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.


response to resveratrol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.


CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals in which calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity enabled by a CAMKK directly activates an AMPK. The cascade begins with calmodulin binding calcium which in turn binds CAMKK enabling its calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. The cascade ends with AMP-activated protein kinase activity.


glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

The controlled release of glutamate by a cell, in which the glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.


negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


somatostatin secretion

The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


regulation of somatostatin secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body.


carbohydrate transport

The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


peroxisomal importomer complex

A protein complex responsible for transporting proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. An example of this complex is Pex14 found in S. cerevisae which has 9 core components and 12 transient interaction partners.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, translocation

The process in which proteins are moved across the peroxisomal membrane into the matrix. It is likely that the peroxisome targeting sequence receptor remains associated with cargo proteins during translocation.


CCN2_HUMAN CCN family member 2 (sprot)

A CCN family member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBX5_HUMAN T-box transcription factor TBX5 (sprot)

A T-box transcription factor TBX5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 isoform h1 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O00482-2.


nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 isoform h3 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O00482-3.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 isoform h1A (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O75469-1.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 isoform h1B (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O75469-2.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 isoform h1C (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O75469-3.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 isoform h2A (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O75469-4.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 isoform h2B (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O75469-5.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 isoform h2C (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O75469-6.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 isoform h3 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O75469-7.


ERR2_HUMAN Steroid hormone receptor ERR2 (sprot)

A steroid hormone receptor ERR2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform Alpha (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-1.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform Beta (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-2.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform hAlpha-2 (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-3.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform GR-P (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-4.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform GR-A alpha (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-5.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform hBeta-2 (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-6.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform GR-A beta (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-7.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform Alpha-B (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-8.


glucocorticoid receptor isoform Beta-B (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-9.


progesterone receptor isoform A (human)

A progesterone receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P06401-2.


mineralocorticoid receptor isoform h1 (human)

A mineralocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08235-1.


mineralocorticoid receptor isoform h2 (human)

A mineralocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08235-2.


mineralocorticoid receptor isoform h3 (human)

A mineralocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08235-3.


mineralocorticoid receptor isoform h4 (human)

A mineralocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08235-4.


NR2F6_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


COT1_HUMAN COUP transcription factor 1 (sprot)

A COUP transcription factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RARB_HUMAN Retinoic acid receptor beta (sprot)

A retinoic acid receptor beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


THA_HUMAN Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (sprot)

A thyroid hormone receptor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


RARG_HUMAN Retinoic acid receptor gamma (sprot)

A retinoic acid receptor gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


RXRB_HUMAN Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta (sprot)

A retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


HNF4A_HUMAN Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (sprot)

A hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


RXRG_HUMAN Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma (sprot)

A retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


NR2C2_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 isoform 1 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P51843-1.


nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 isoform h2 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P51843-2.


NR1H2_HUMAN Oxysterols receptor LXR-beta (sprot)

An oxysterols receptor LXR-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERR3_HUMAN Estrogen-related receptor gamma (sprot)

An estrogen-related receptor gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform h1 (human)

An oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q13133-1.


oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform h2 (human)

An oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q13133-2.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 isoform h1 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q14994-1.


nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 isoform h2 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q14994-2.


NR1D2_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 isoform 1 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 isoform h2 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q15406-2.


nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 isoform h3 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q15406-3.


nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 isoform h4 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q15406-4.


nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 isoform h5 (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q15406-5.


NR0B2_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NR2CA_HUMAN Nuclear receptor 2C2-associated protein (sprot)

A nuclear receptor 2C2-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 isoform Alpha (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q92570-1.


nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 isoform Beta (human)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q92570-2.


RORB_HUMAN Nuclear receptor ROR-beta (sprot)

A nuclear receptor ROR-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


HDA11_HUMAN Histone deacetylase 11 (sprot)

A histone deacetylase 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform h1 (human)

A nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96F24-1.


nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform h2 (human)

A nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96F24-2.


bile acid receptor isoform 1 (human)

A bile acid receptor isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


bile acid receptor isoform h4 (human)

A bile acid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96RI1-2.


bile acid receptor isoform h1 (human)

A bile acid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96RI1-3.


bile acid receptor isoform h2 (human)

A bile acid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96RI1-4.


NRBP_HUMAN Nuclear receptor-binding protein (sprot)

A nuclear receptor-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


HDAC9_HUMAN Histone deacetylase 9 (sprot)

A histone deacetylase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HDAC5_HUMAN Histone deacetylase 5 (sprot)

A histone deacetylase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NR2E1_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor isoform Long (human)

A photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9Y5X4-1.


photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor isoform Short (human)

A photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9Y5X4-2.


NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex

A Gcn5-independent multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3. The budding yeast complex includes Sas3p, Taf30p, and Yng1p.


NuA3a histone acetyltransferase complex

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Yng1p and associates with H3K4me3 using Yng1p.


NuA3b histone acetyltransferase complex

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p.


transcription factor TFIIF complex

A general transcription initiation factor which in humans consists of a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Helps recruit RNA polymerase II to the initiation complex and promotes translation elongation.


establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


AP4M1_HUMAN AP-4 complex subunit mu-1 (sprot)

An AP-4 complex subunit mu-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


saliva secretion

The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.


regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocanabinoid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by an endocannabinoid.


protein localization to cell periphery

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell periphery.


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-indoleacrylic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


ACDA_CLOS1 3-(aryl)acrylate reductase (sprot)


inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


regulation of response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress.


ELAV1_HUMAN ELAV-like protein 1 (sprot)

An ELAV-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


glomerular capillary formation

The process that gives rise to a glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


slit diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


regulation of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion.


negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.


regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


post-embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized.


positive regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


NU214_HUMAN Nuclear pore complex protein Nup214 (sprot)

A nuclear pore complex protein Nup214 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TNF13_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 (human), isoforms alpha, beta, gamma, 4, and 5.


AN32A_HUMAN Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A (sprot)

An acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.


female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.


natriuretic peptide receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with a natriuretic peptide and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using c-di-GMP as the signal.


activation of meiosis involved in egg activation

Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis in an egg after the egg has been fertilized or physiologically activated. Eggs generally arrest in meiosis and complete the process after activation.


cumulus cell differentiation

The process in which a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.


vestibulocochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


response to luteinizing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


cellular response to cGMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


response to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


response to salt

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


vascular wound healing

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


negative regulation of collateral sprouting

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


cGMP-mediated signaling

An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of cyclic GMP (cGMP), and ends with activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.


negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


An organic anion that is the conjugate base of (S)-warfarin, obtained by deprotonation of the hydroxy group.


sulfide

Any sulfur molecular entity that involves either covalently bonded or anionic sulfur.


sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport

The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


ER-nucleus signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.


IZUM4_HUMAN Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 4 (sprot)

An izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IZUM3_HUMAN Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 3 (sprot)

An izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IZUM2_HUMAN Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 2 (sprot)

An izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IZUM1_HUMAN Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 1 (sprot)

An izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis.


maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.


cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.


tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.


SERP1_HUMAN Stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein 1 (sprot)

A stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytochrome b5 isoform 1 (human)

A cytochrome b5 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2 isoform h1 (human)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P51648-1.


SC61G_HUMAN Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit gamma (sprot)

A protein transport protein Sec61 subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


OTOF_HUMAN Otoferlin (sprot)

An otoferlin that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to glycoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.


multicellular organismal locomotion

Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another.


response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: lithocholate + NAD+ = 3-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.


3AHD_EGGLE 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (sprot)


3AHDP_RUMGV 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (sprot)


3BHD2_EGGLE 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (sprot)


3BHDP_RUMGV 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (sprot)


bile acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


organic cyclic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


norepinephrine uptake

The directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


presynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis

The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides and neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense in response to increased presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels.


adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


tropomyosin binding

Binding to tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.


regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized.


Conjugate base of 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid.


STAR5_HUMAN StAR-related lipid transfer protein 5 (sprot)

A StAR-related lipid transfer protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NR1H4_HUMAN Bile acid receptor (sprot)

A bile acid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-methionine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


methionine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of methionine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


sulfur amino acid transport

The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.


negative regulation of actin filament polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.


regulation of microvillus length

A process that modulates the length of a microvillus.


acetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid.


host cell PML body

A nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia) located within a cell of a host organism.


PCSK9_HUMAN Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (sprot)

A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPC1_HUMAN NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (sprot)

An NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to nutrient levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.


regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


lymphocyte of B lineage

A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex.


transcription preinitiation complex assembly

The formation of a large multiprotein-DNA complex that self-assembles on gene promoter through the sequential recruitment of the general initiation factors that compose the preinitiation complex (PIC). The PIC engages the RNA polymerase on its DNA template strand and sparks polymerization of the first few RNA nucleotides.


natural killer cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


response to interleukin-12

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.


lymphocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway

An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


response to cisplatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.


endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion

The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum.


stress-induced homeostatically regulated protein degradation pathway

A stress-inducible protein catabolic pathway that promotes protein quality control by accelerating the degradation of misfolded ER membrane and cytosolic proteins, as well as native proteins. The pathway starts with the activation, by stress, of the Nma111p/Ynm3p serine protease, which cleaves the stress-induced hydrophilin Roq1p, resulting in the generation of a Roq1p cleavage product that selectively interacts with Ubr1p, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Interaction with the Ubr1p type-1 substrate binding site reprograms the substrate specificity of this ubiquitin ligase resulting in the selective proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded and native proteins. The pathway ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Currently, NMA111, ROQ1, UBR1, RAD6, and CDC48 are considered to be involved in this quality control pathway.


SCF complex disassembly in response to cadmium stress

The disaggregation of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in response to cadmium stress.


ARC complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, additional protein subunits, and duplex siRNA; required for heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. Possibly involved in the conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA.


neuronal action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.


negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.


T1 B cell

A transitional stage B cell that migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and finally to the spleen. This cell type has the phenotype surface IgM-positive, surface IgD-negative, CD21-negative, CD23-negative, and CD62L-negative, and CD93-positive. This cell type has also been described as IgM-high, CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-positive, and CD23-negative.


negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.


acyltransferase activity, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), with the acyl group being converted into alkyl on transfer.


citrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


respiratory chain complex II

A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


IDH3A_HUMAN Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial (sprot)

An isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


succinate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA.


regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.


antisense RNA transcript catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antisense transcripts, i.e. transcripts that were produced from the antisense strand of a gene that produces a gene product and which often have a regulatory effect on the transcription of that gene product.


negative regulation of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES.


CEACAM1a-2S, signal peptide removed N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

A CEACAM1a-2S, signal peptide removed form (mouse) that includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine. UniProtKB:P31809-4, 35-278, MOD:00160.


pyruvate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.


lactate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons.


lysophosphatidylethanolamine

A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.


lysophosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of any lysophosphatidylethanolamine. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.


dorsal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


anal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport

The process in which pyruvate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + acetyl-CoA = (R)-N6-(S8-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + CoA.


compound eye corneal lens development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone.


D-lactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


LDHD_LACDA D-lactate dehydrogenase (sprot)


peptide transport

The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


SUCA_HUMAN Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial (sprot)

A succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-20 binding

Binding to interleukin-20.


IL20_MOUSE Interleukin-20 (sprot)

An interleukin-20 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.


regulation of neuron maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron over time, from initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


regulation of ERK5 cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.


anatomical structure arrangement

The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


GTPase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a GTPase.


3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3


A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.


tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.


positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


kynurenic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of cell projection assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


anoikis

Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


lens fiber cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a lens fiber cell. Lens fiber cells are elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


Catalysis of the 3-O-acetylation of a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.


mycotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


GID complex

A protein complex with ubiquitin ligase activity that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is involved in proteasomal degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth conditions. It appears to play a broader role in cellular homeostasis and development in other species.


protein glutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


synaptonemal complex organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


elongator holoenzyme complex

A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.


protein urmylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein URM1 to another protein.


tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


Fc-epsilon receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-epsilon RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-episilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgE.


mast cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a mast cell, a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


Kit signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.


stem cell factor receptor binding

Binding to a stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), a type III transmembrane kinase receptor.


serotonin secretion by mast cell

The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


IgE binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype.


IgE receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


outer plaque of mitotic spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.


astral microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.


initial mitotic spindle pole body separation

The release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) that begins with the nucleation of microtubules from each SPB within the nucleus, leading to V-shaped spindle microtubules. Interpolar microtubules that elongate from each pole are interconnected, forming overlapping microtubules. Capturing and antiparallel sliding apart of microtubules promotes the initial separation of the SPB.


establishment of spindle localization

The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell.


proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.


18S rRNA aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-methylpseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N1-methyl-N3-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]pseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine.


ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin ligase.


biolink:MacromolecularComplex biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:MacromolecularMachineMixin biolink:ThingWithTaxon


pyridoxal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


atrioventricular canal morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an atrioventricular canal is generated and organized.


glial cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


medial fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


proteasome complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome complex into its constituent components.


GTP cyclohydrolase 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human GCH1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


histone butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + histone = CoA + butyryl-histone.


peptidyl-lysine butyrylation

The butyrylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Butyryl is the univalent radical C3H7COO- derived from butyric acid.


G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue

A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue.


positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


CTRC_MOUSE Chymotrypsin-C (sprot)

A chymotrypsin-C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NQO1_HUMAN NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (sprot)

An NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AZIN1_HUMAN Antizyme inhibitor 1 (sprot)

An antizyme inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G-protein beta-subunit binding

Binding to a G-protein beta subunit.


AMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


glycerophosphate shuttle

The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


kisspeptin receptor binding

Binding to a kisspeptin receptor.


regulation of fear response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


olfactory bulb interneuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb, from its initial commitment, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the salivary gland.


adaptive immune memory response involving T cells and B cells

An immune response mediated by reactivated memory T cells and B cells and directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.


granzyme A production

The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


RNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.


Isw1b complex

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p.


Isw1a complex

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.


sulfolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfolipids, any compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.


prechordal mesoderm

The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate.


homeostasis of number of retina cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.


meiotic spindle pole

Either of the ends of a meiotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of meiosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.


negative regulation of protein homooligomerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.


Rpd3L complex

A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a two copies of catalytic histone deacetylase subunit (S. pombe Clr6/ S. cerevisiae Rpd3p), an Sds-3 family protein (S. pombe /S. cerevisiae Sds3(p) ), two copies of SIN3 family co-repressor (S. pombe Pst1/ S. cerevisiae Sin3p, a WD repeat protein/ histone chaperone (S. pombe Prw1/ S. cerevisiae Ume1p), and a zf- PHD finger ( S. pombe Png2/ S. cerevisiae Pho23p), plus 4 additional subunits, and associated factors.


Rpd3L-Expanded complex

A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.


negative regulation of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterochromatin formation at silent mating-type cassette.


negative regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin formation.


protein localization to nuclear envelope

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope.


O-acetyl-L-homoserine zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of O-acetyl-L-homoserine having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated alpha-amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


L-homocysteine zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-homocysteine; major species at pH 7.3.


POTE1_HUMAN Protection of telomeres protein 1 (sprot)

A protection of telomeres protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


leptotene

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.


regulation of fertilization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


tendon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force.


microvascular endothelial cell

Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium.


retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized.


retina blood vessel maintenance

A retina homeostatic process preventing the degeneration of a retina blood vessel.


serine family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


positive regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


regulation of spindle assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.


positive regulation of trehalose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose catabolic process.


protein localization to spindle microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a spindle microtubule.


protein localization to nuclear periphery

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear periphery.


negative regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


mitotic sister chromatid biorientation

The mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed. This is the final step in metaphase plate congression.


regulation of protein localization to chromatin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin.


regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


regulation of budding cell apical bud growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


spongiotrophoblast layer development

The process in which the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta progresses from its formation to its mature state.


apolipoprotein binding

Binding to an apolipoprotein, the protein component of a lipoprotein complex.


forebrain generation of neurons

The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons.


external genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis.


APOB_MOUSE Apolipoprotein B-100 (sprot)

An apolipoprotein B-100 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


L-asparagine zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of L-asparagine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


LAT2_HUMAN Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 (sprot)

A large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


beta-alanine

A naturally-occurring beta-amino acid comprising propionic acid with the amino group in the 3-position.


L-homoarginine

An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.


L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid

A 2,4-diaminobutyric acid that has S-configuration.


N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine

A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching

The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


corneocyte

The dead keratin-filled squamous cell of the stratum corneum. This cell type lacks a nucleus.


DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.


isoaspartate

Formed following deamidation of asparagine or dehydration of aspartic acid via a metastable succinimide (cyclic imide) intermediate, which hydrolyzes to a mixture of aspartyl and isoaspartyl linkages.


N-methyl-D-aspartic acid

An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.


Norrin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of the cysteine knot protein Norrin to a Frizzled 4 (Fzd4) family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.


asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.


skeletal muscle satellite cell activation

The change of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from a mitotically quiescent to a mitotically active state following exposure to some activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


monocyte proliferation

The expansion of a monocyte population by cell division.


tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


alcohol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.


organic hydroxy compound transport

The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


catechol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 catechol + O2 = 2 1,2-benzoquinone + 2 H2O. This reaction catalyzes exclusively the oxidation of catechols (i.e., o-diphenols) to the corresponding o-quinones.


dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.


positive regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.


fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism.


ribonucleoprotein granule

A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions.


integrin complex

A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.


isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. The isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a isoleucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an asparagine-accetping tRNA.


leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. The leucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a leucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. The valyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a valine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP.


histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The histidyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3''-OH group of a histidine-accetping tRNA.


threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. The threonyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a threonine-accetping tRNA.


The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a lysine-accetping tRNA.


arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. The arginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. A cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a cysteine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. However, unlike other class II enzymes, The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a phenylalanine-accepting tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex.


regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


dicarboxylic acid transport

The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nicotinate

A pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


regulation of amacrine cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.


ITA2B_HUMAN Integrin alpha-IIb (sprot)

An integrin alpha-IIb that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


IF4A2_HUMAN Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-II (sprot)

A eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-II that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of timing of neuron differentiation

The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.


RNA methylation

Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.


RBM33_HUMAN RNA-binding protein 33 (sprot)

An RNA-binding protein 33 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


host-mediated regulation of oral microbiota composition

The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells, such as the bacteria, in the mouth.


establishment of centrosome localization

The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.


regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


regulatory B cell

A mature B cell that has the phenotype CD1d-positive and expresses interleukin-10. This cell type has been associated with suppression of chronic inflammatory responses and T cell responses.


defecation

The expulsion of feces from the rectum.


response to rapamycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.


multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


organic substance metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.


lipid import into cell

The directed movement of a lipid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


cellular lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


T-helper 17 cell

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-positive, and capable of producing IL-17.


glycosylceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


An  oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted  by hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 22 (the 20R,22R-stereoisomer).


A 7alpha,24-dihydroxycholesterol in which has S configuration at position 24.


The 7alpha-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.


epsilon DNA polymerase complex

A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.


gene conversion

A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. The resulting acceptor sequence is identical to that of the donor.


DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA replication checkpoint, that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.


maintenance of DNA repeat elements

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.


replication fork arrest

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 unphosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q8BRK8, Thr-172, PR:000026291.


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 unphosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q5EG47, Thr-183, PR:000026291.


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 phosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q8BRK8, Thr-172, MOD:00047.


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 phosphorylated 1 in mouse. UniProtKB:Q5EG47, Thr-183, MOD:00047.


response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


protein-containing complex stabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.


DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex

A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV.


DNA-dependent protein kinase activity

DNA dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


protein kinase CK2 complex

A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.


TTI2_HUMAN TELO2-interacting protein 2 (sprot)

A TELO2-interacting protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


DGKI_MOUSE Diacylglycerol kinase iota (sprot)

A diacylglycerol kinase iota that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.


CAC1H_MOUSE Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H (sprot)

A voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TRPV1_MOUSE Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (sprot)

A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


effector T cell

A differentiated T cell with ability to traffic to peripheral tissues and is capable of mounting a specific immune response.


sterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.


regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


glycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


regulation of phagosome maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.


regulation of vitamin A metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin A metabolic process.


induction of bacterial agglutination

Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.


water transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.


symbiont-containing vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a symbiont-containing vacuole, derived from both the host and symbiont.


adhesion of symbiont to host

The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retinol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of retinol from one side of a membrane to the other. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


photoreceptor inner segment membrane

The membrane surrounding the inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. The photoreceptor inner segment contains mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.


N-retinylidenephosphatidylethanolamine

A Schiff base obtained by formal condensation of the aldehyde group of  all-trans-retinal with the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine.


beta-ionone

An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.


An apo carotenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 10'-position.


STRA6_HUMAN Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 (sprot)

A receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


APOM_HUMAN Apolipoprotein M (sprot)

An apolipoprotein M that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


heat generation

Any homeostatic process in which an organism produces heat, thereby raising its internal temperature.


sequestering of triglyceride

The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


specific granule

Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


REPS1_HUMAN RalBP1-associated Eps domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A RalBP1-associated Eps domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SGIP1_HUMAN SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

An SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPS15_HUMAN Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 (sprot)

An epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GAK_HUMAN Cyclin-G-associated kinase (sprot)

A cyclin-G-associated kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


AUXI_HUMAN Putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin (sprot)

A putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin that is encoded in the genome of human.


NECP1_HUMAN Adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 1 (sprot)

An adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNX18_HUMAN Sorting nexin-18 (sprot)

A sorting nexin-18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NECP2_HUMAN Adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 2 (sprot)

An adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITSN2_HUMAN Intersectin-2 (sprot)

An intersectin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNX9_HUMAN Sorting nexin-9 (sprot)

A sorting nexin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNAS1_HUMAN Ribonuclease pancreatic (sprot)

A ribonuclease pancreatic that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of cellular respiration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.


syncytiotrophoblast cell differentiation involved in labyrinthine layer development

The process in which a chorionic trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of a syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


trophectodermal cell proliferation

The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.