positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


sensory perception of chemical stimulus

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


motor learning

Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.


negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


peptidoglycan immune receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with a peptidoglycan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


biological process involved in interaction with host

An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.


negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.


negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.


cytosine

An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidin-2-one having the amino group located at position 4.


subcortical maternal complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Comprised of at least NLRP5, OOEP, TLE6, and KHDC3/KHDC3L with evidence of additional SCMC-associated proteins that interact with one or multiple members of the core complex.


porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.


sequence-specific single stranded DNA binding

Binding to single-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition.


cAMP binding

Binding to cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


nitrite transport

The directed movement of nitrite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


prostaglandin transport

The directed movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


yolk sac cavity

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition].


leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene D4.


nucleolar ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


7S RNA binding

Binding to a 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).


regulation of ruffle assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.


meiotic spindle elongation

The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


establishment of integrated proviral latency

A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.


DNA integration

The process in which a DNA segment is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.


cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


negative regulation of ERK5 cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.


tricellular tight junction

An specialized occluding junction where three epithelial cells meet. It is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that run perpendicularly to the bicellular tight junction at the point of contact between three epithelial cells in an epithelial sheet.


MALD2_MOUSE MARVEL domain-containing protein 2 (sprot)

A MARVEL domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.


protein polymerization

The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.


glucosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.


long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid

Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.


negative regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding

Binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


positive regulation of heat generation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat generation.


very long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. Very long-chain fatty acids which have a chain length greater than C27 are also known as ultra-long-chain fatty acids.


very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA in which the fatty acyl group has a chain length greater than C22.


very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a very long-chain fatty acid. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


regulation of interleukin-10 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.


cytokinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell-adhesion molecules

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


negative regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


Peyer's patch morphogenesis

The process in which a Peyer's patch is generated and organized. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development

The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.


pyramidal neuron migration to cerebral cortex

The migration of a pyramidal neuron precursor from the ventricular zone to the correct layer of the cerebral cortex.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


FZD4_HUMAN Frizzled-4 (sprot)

A frizzled-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FZD5_HUMAN Frizzled-5 (sprot)

A frizzled-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FZD2_HUMAN Frizzled-2 (sprot)

A frizzled-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation.


monocyte activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


granulosa cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.


regulation of vesicle fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.


positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.


modification-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.


alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


quinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone.


COPII vesicle coat

One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.


regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle.


regulation of establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the closure of the neural tube.


dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a dopamine receptor.


regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.


lipopolysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(acyloxy)acyl group of bacterial toxin = 3-hydroxyacyl group of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid.


asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


positive regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.


parturition

The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.


negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


conventional dendritic cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high.


PDYN_HUMAN Proenkephalin-B (sprot)

A proenkephalin-B that is encoded in the genome of human.


large ribosomal subunit protein uL13, initiator methionine removed acetylated and phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A large ribosomal subunit protein uL13, initiator methionine removed acetylated and phosphorylated 1 in mouse. Phosphorylation occurs upon activation of the DAPK-ZIPK cascade. UniProtKB:P19253, 2-203, Ala-2, MOD:00050|Ser-77, MOD:00046.


U5 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U5 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U5 snRNA both while the U5 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


bile canaliculus

An intercellular channel that takes up bile from hepatocytes, transporting it to the bile ducts.


proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


threonine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.


D-serine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.


L-methionine (R)-S-oxide

The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.


L-methionine sulfone

An L-methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.


L-beta-isoaspartate residue

An anionic amino-acid residue formed following deamidation of L-asparagine or dehydration of L-aspartate residue.


GLCM1_MOUSE Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (sprot)

A glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


organic anion transport

The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


positive regulation of miRNA transcription

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.


regulation of lung blood pressure

The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The branching process in which the mammary gland ducts form tertiary branches off of the secondary branches as part of diestrus and pregnancy.


negative regulation of dephosphorylation

Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.


regulation of translational initiation in response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.


SCUB1_HUMAN Signal peptide, CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A signal peptide, CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phenotypic switching

A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.


cGMP binding

Binding to cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


intracellular cGMP-activated cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cGMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


L-lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.


protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.


C-terminal protein methylation

The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


regulation of cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.


peptide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


nucleotide-excision repair complex

Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.


interleukin-27 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-27 receptor.


vitamin E binding

Binding to a vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


TTPA_HUMAN Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (sprot)

An alpha-tocopherol transfer protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


NADPH oxidase 1 isoform 2 (mouse)

An NADPH oxidase 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NOX3_MOUSE NADPH oxidase 3 (sprot)

An NADPH oxidase 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


phosphatase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


involuntary skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


negative regulation of vascular wound healing

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


histone H3K36 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


synaptic vesicle uncoating

The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.


HSP7C_BOVIN Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (sprot)

A heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein that is encoded in the genome of cow.


transferrin receptor activity

Combining selectively with transferrin, and delivering transferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Transferrin is a major iron carrier protein in vertebrates.


female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion

The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.


male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion

The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.


pointed-end actin filament capping

The binding of a protein or protein complex to the pointed (or minus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


interleukin-27 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


amine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.


folic acid-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.


A doubly-charged N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion resulting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid.


collagen type V trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a galactosylceramide = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a galactosylceramidesulfate.


galactosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


neutral amino acid transport

The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


presynaptic endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.


regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate that is the  N-acetyl derivative of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate. It is a component of the aminosugar metabolism.


UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine

A UDP-amino sugar having N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine as the amino sugar component.


A 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


UTP

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.


N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine

A  L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions


receptor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


ornithine decarboxylase activator activity

Binds to and increases ornithine decarboxylase activity.


positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles takes place, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis.


regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.


regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


interleukin-9 production

The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


interleukin-21 production

The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor.


galactose binding

Binding to aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides.


'de novo' post-translational protein folding

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis.


recombination nodule

An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes.


(24S)-1alpha,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 24 and 25 (with 1S,24S-configuration).


galactose transmembrane transport

The process in which galactose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


fructose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose(out) = fructose(in).


fructose transmembrane transport

The directed movement of fructose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


protein geranylgeranylation

The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


neuromedin U receptor binding

Binding to one or more specific sites on a neuromedin U receptor.


regulation of amyloid-beta formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.


regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan immune receptor activity

Combining with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans to initiate an innate immune response.


detection of yeast

The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal.


box H/ACA RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.


positive regulation of telomerase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).


negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.


NAD+ binding

Binding to the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.


nuclear vitamin D receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.


VDR_MOUSE Vitamin D3 receptor (sprot)

A vitamin D3 receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain binding

Binding to the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The CTD is comprised of repeats of a heptapeptide with the consensus sequence YSPTSPS. The number of repeats varies with the species and a minimum number of repeats is required for RNAP II function.


cAMP response element binding protein binding

Binding to a cAMP response element binding protein (a CREB protein).


peptidyl-cysteine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.


glutamate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + ADP + H+.


amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by extracellular matrix-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to the epithelium of the salivary gland.


positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


acinar cell differentiation

The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini.


marginal zone B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).


G protein-coupled olfactory receptor activity

Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


inductive cell-cell signaling

Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


retinal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell.


positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.


high-affinity oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


interleukin-20 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-20 receptor.


interleukin-22 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-22 receptor.


I22R1_MOUSE Interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

An interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


I20RA_MOUSE Interleukin-20 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-20 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cytokine receptor binding

Binding to a cytokine receptor.


positive regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


IL31R_MOUSE Interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-31 receptor A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


I17RC_MOUSE Interleukin-17 receptor C (sprot)

An interleukin-17 receptor C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PLXD1_HUMAN Plexin-D1 (sprot)

A plexin-D1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HEYL_HUMAN Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein (sprot)

A hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


DLGP5_HUMAN Disks large-associated protein 5 (sprot)

A disks large-associated protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTCRA_HUMAN Pre T-cell antigen receptor alpha (sprot)

A pre T-cell antigen receptor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


IPO8_HUMAN Importin-8 (sprot)

An importin-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).


regulation of blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.


regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


prenylated protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


succinyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A.


cellular ketone body metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.


pallium cell proliferation in forebrain

The multiplication or reproduction of pallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


potassium channel inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a potassium channel.


AP-2 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


positive regulation of DNA ligation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


regulation of mitotic spindle organization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of lipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the compounds most commonly designated lecithin.


retinol

A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).


Zwitterionic form of a 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH.


palmitoleoyl-CoA

A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of palmitoleic acid.


negative regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine.


L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


proline transport

The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-alanine transport

The directed movement of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


olfactory bulb layer

Missing definition for term UBERON:0004001. Please replace it using linked reference.


positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


response to interleukin-1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.


amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


GPI anchor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate group, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain.


N-acylethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


An inositol phosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol; major species at pH 7.3.


6-phosphofructokinase complex

A protein complex that possesses 6-phosphofructokinase activity; homodimeric, homooctameric, and allosteric homotetrameric forms are known.


snRNA export from nucleus

The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


interleukin-2 binding

Binding to interleukin-2.


IL2_MOUSE Interleukin-2 (sprot)

An interleukin-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


peptidyl-amino acid modification

The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.


purine nucleoside transmembrane transport

The process in which a purine nucleoside is transported across a membrane. A purine nucleoside is a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.


methyltransferase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a methyltransferase.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.


mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland buds are generated and organized. Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord.


positive regulation of proteolysis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


muscle thin filament tropomyosin

A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.


regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocannabinoid signaling pathway.


myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


regulation of heme biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.


nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.


positive regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


cytidine deamination

The removal of amino group in the presence of water.


plus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


myosin light chain binding

Binding to a light chain of a myosin complex.


mitochondrion migration along actin filament

The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microfilament, mediated by motor proteins.


MYL9_MOUSE Myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 (sprot)

A myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ML12B_MOUSE Myosin regulatory light chain 12B (sprot)

A myosin regulatory light chain 12B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


penetration of cumulus oophorus

The infiltration by sperm of the cumulus oophorus to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


O-glycan processing, core 1

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.


endoplasmic reticulum-autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ER membrane and an autophagosome during reticulophagy.


endosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


positive regulation of isotype switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin transferase activity.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


Toll-like receptor 4 binding

Binding to a Toll-like 4 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


prostaglandin-F synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.


phosphatase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase.


T cell extravasation

The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


myeloid dendritic cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate.


exosome (RNase complex)

A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime exoribonuclease activity and possibly endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.


The organization of chromatin into heterochromatin at the pericentric region of a chromosome.


H2BFS_HUMAN Histone H2B type F-S (sprot)

A histone H2B type F-S that is encoded in the genome of human.


brush border assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of adjacent microvilli through the formation of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between them, forming a brush border.


response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


cell aggregation

The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation.


UFM1 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier UFM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


negative regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


calcium-dependent outer dynein arm binding

Binding to an outer dynein arm in the presence of calcium.


cytoskeletal motor regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a motor protein.


regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


uniplex complex

A calcium channel complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane capable of highly-selective calcium channel activity. Its components include the EF-hand-containing proteins mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) and MICU2, the pore-forming subunit mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its paralog MCUb, and the MCU regulator EMRE.


prenylcysteine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2.


prenylcysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


short-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a short-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a short-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing fewer than 6 carbons.


detection of nodal flow

The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry.


peptidyl-aspartic acid 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2.


peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid.


positive regulation of mitochondrial translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A).


regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


adenine nucleotide transport

The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.


negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


ribonuclease H2 complex

A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.


antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.


response to dsRNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


zinc ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


positive regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.


positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[peptide] = N-terminal 5-oxo-L-prolyl-[peptide] + NH4+.


peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.


quinolinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


leptomycin B binding

Binding to leptomycin B.


cellular response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


polyprenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


H4K20me3 modified histone binding

Binding to a histone H4 in which the lysine residue at position 20 has been modified by trimethylation.


negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform Stat3A unphosphorylated 2 (mouse)

A signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform Stat3A (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at the position equivalent to Ser-727. UniProtKB:P42227-1, Ser-727, PR:000026291.


signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform Stat3A phosphorylated 2 (mouse)

A signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform Stat3A (mouse) that has been phosphorylated at Ser-727 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P42227-1. UniProtKB:P42227-1, Ser-727, MOD:00046.


cadmium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of protein monoubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.


poly(G) binding

Binding to a sequence of guanine residues in an RNA molecule.


interleukin-3 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-3 receptor.


erythropoietin receptor binding

Binding to an erythropoietin receptor.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(carboxymethyl)uridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs.


U6 snRNA 3'-end binding

Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA) at the 3' end.


eukaryotic 80S initiation complex

A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.


90S preribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome. The 90S preribosome represents the complex that forms on the primary rRNA transcript before it splits into the small subunit and large subunit portions.


negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


S38A9_HUMAN Neutral amino acid transporter 9 (sprot)

A neutral amino acid transporter 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of plasminogen activation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


response to norepinephrine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway

Any signal transduction pathway involving calmodulin dependent kinase activity.


cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.


NADP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.


An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of NMNH; major species at pH 7.3.


nucleocytoplasmic carrier activity

Binding to and carrying a cargo between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by moving along with the cargo. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


regulation of cholesterol metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


JUN kinase phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.


germinal center B cell

A rapidly cycling mature B cell that has distinct phenotypic characteristics and is involved in T-dependent immune responses and located typically in the germinal centers of lymph nodes. This cell type expresses Ly77 after activation.


respiratory chain complex I

Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.


mitochondrial tRNA wobble uridine modification

The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


insulin receptor internalization

A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of an insulin receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell.


ferric-chelate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron donor -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + electron acceptor.


iron ion import across cell outer membrane

The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the cell outer membrane and into the periplasmic space.


regulation of cytolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


3'-nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.


NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.


U2 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U2 snRNA molecule.


negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.


negative regulation of formation of growth cone in injured axon

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of growth cone in injured axon.


negative regulation of dendrite extension

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.


aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex

A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.


bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at the position equivalent to Ser-999 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8CGC7. UniProtKB:Q8CGC7, Ser-999, PR:000026291.


protein antigen binding

Binding to a protein antigen.


CD28_MOUSE T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (sprot)

A T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


myosin phosphatase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates of the activity of myosin phosphatase.


vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation.


patched ligand maturation

The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol groups.


RNA polymerase complex

Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.


positive regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly

The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex.


galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyllactosamine + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. N-acetyllactosamine residues are found in a number of different carbohydrate types. N-acetyllactosamine can also be written as Gal-beta-(1,4)-GlcNAc.


suppression of symbiont entry into host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


Binding to an oligosaccharyltransferase complex.


response to sterol depletion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


fucose binding

Binding to fucose, the pentose 6-deoxygalactose.


female mating behavior

The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction.


cytosine C-5 DNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl-dCpdG DNA + H2O = dCpdG DNA + methanol. This reaction is the hydrolytic removal of the methyl group on the 5 position of cytosine in DNA.


detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


negative regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


vesicle coat

A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.


negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


negative regulation of endothelial cell migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.


negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.


positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.


collagen V binding

Binding to a type V collagen trimer.


m-AAA complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


RGPA1_MOUSE Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

A Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RGPA2_MOUSE Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

A Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RPGP1_MOUSE Rap1 GTPase-activating protein 1 (sprot)

A Rap1 GTPase-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


polyamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


polyamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative degradation or interconversion of polyamines.


striated muscle myosin thick filament

Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils.


lipid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.


activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade

Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.


long-chain fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a long-chain fatty acid + CoA + H+. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


2-oxohexadecanoic acid

An oxo fatty acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid.


ACBD4_HUMAN Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 4 (sprot)

An acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


prolactin secretion

The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.


cysteinyl leukotriene receptor activity

Combining with a cysteinyl leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are leukotrienes that contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


acetylcholine receptor activator activity

Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


iodotyrosine deiodinase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: 2 iodide + L-tyrosine + 2 NADP+ = 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine + H+ + 2 NADPH. Note that this activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 3-deiodination. 3-bromo-L-tyrosine and 3-chloro-L-tyrosine can also be used as substrates.


muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


tubulin complex assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.


eye blink reflex

The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


3-keto-sphinganine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-keto-sphinganine, a derivative of sphinganine with a ketone group at C3. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of sphingosine.


gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


regulation of centriole replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.


mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding

Binding to mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl side chains on proteins in response to mitogen activation.


G protein-coupled ADP receptor activity

Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


stem cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.


ARF protein signal transduction

An intracellular signaling cassette in which a small monomeric GTPase of the ARF subfamily relays a signal.


sperm end piece

The short tip of the sperm flagellum, adjacent to the sperm principal piece and furthest from the sperm head, which contains only the axoneme surrounded by the plasma membrane.


roof plate formation

The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.


MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 4 receptor, where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


calcium activated phosphatidylserine scrambling

The movement of a population of phosphatidylserine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


calcium activated phosphatidylcholine scrambling

The movement of a population of phosphatidylcholine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


calcium activated galactosylceramide scrambling

The movement of a population of galactosylceramide molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


reproductive senescence

A life cycle stage during which the reproductive capacity and fitness of an organism declines.


protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity

Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase.


positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


STON2_HUMAN Stonin-2 (sprot)

A stonin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


STON1_HUMAN Stonin-1 (sprot)

A stonin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


behavioral response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


molybdenum ion binding

Binding to a molybdenum ion (Mo).


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap or the 3'-poly(A) tail.


D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NADP+ = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


EH domain binding

Binding to an EH domain of a protein. The EH stand for Eps15 homology. This was originally identified as a motif present in three copies at the NH2-termini of Eps15 and of the related molecule Eps15R.


superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase.


ISK5_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (sprot)

A serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ISK6_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 6 (sprot)

A serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDSN_HUMAN Corneodesmosin (sprot)

A corneodesmosin that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK14_HUMAN Kallikrein-14 (sprot)

A kallikrein-14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAZRN_HUMAN Kazrin (sprot)

A kazrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEPL_HUMAN Periplakin (sprot)

A periplakin that is encoded in the genome of human.


TGM1_HUMAN Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K (sprot)

A protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK12_HUMAN Kallikrein-12 (sprot)

A kallikrein-12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


INVO_HUMAN Involucrin (sprot)

An involucrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


EVPL_HUMAN Envoplakin (sprot)

An envoplakin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ISK9_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 9 (sprot)

A serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex, mitochondrial

A mitochondrial protein complex which is capable of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity. In mammals, at least, consists as a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. MCCC-alpha has a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation. MCCC-beta possesses carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.


linoleic acid epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is icosane in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


wax ester

A fatty acid ester resulting from the condensation of the carboxy group of a fatty acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of a fatty alcohol.


nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


aster

An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.


negative regulation of rRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.


establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion

The directed movement of a protein to the mitochondrion or a part of the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of cellular respiration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


centriole-centriole cohesion

The cell cycle process in which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired.


negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity.


plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


A tetracarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the four carboxy groups of beta-citrylglutamic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


keratan sulfate

A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide  [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.


glycerol 2-phosphate

A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.


sphingomyelin

Any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of a sphingoid base is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxy group of the sphingoid base is esterified to phosphorylcholine.


miquelianin

A quercetin O-glycoside that consists of quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Salvia and Phaseolus vulgaris, it exhibits antioxidant and antidepressant activities.


glycerophosphoinositol

Any glycerophospholipid having the polar alcohol inositol esterified to the phosphate group at the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone.


butyl hexanoate

A hexanoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexanoic acid (caproic acid) with butan-1-ol. It is a volatile compound found in apples and peaches.


A 2-monoglyceride where the acyl group is (9Z)-octadecenoyl.


positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


protein K6-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


protein K29-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K29-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


regulation of MAP kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.


positive regulation of lipid storage

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


negative regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


nuclear telomere cap complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


ATRX_HUMAN Transcriptional regulator ATRX (sprot)

A transcriptional regulator ATRX that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase.


negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


protein K27-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K27-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


negative regulation of eating behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.


spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of spongiotrophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the spongiotrophoblast layer.


cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the embryonic placenta.


dsRNA transport

The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


iron ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


copper ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of copper ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of T cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


memory T cell proliferation

The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division.


positive regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


acetyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.


katanin complex

A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa).


positive regulation of autophagosome maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.


primary ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle).


relaxation of skeletal muscle

A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases.