ixazomib

A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.


An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


tributyrin

A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.


Pyrithiamine bromide

A pyridinium salt that is 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium having bromide as the counterion.


A  flavanone glycoside that is  4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone attached to a neohesperidose (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose) residue via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata and exhibits inhibitory activity against liopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production.


Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid

A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.


An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.


duvoglustat

An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.


3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. An ionotropic analogue of L-thyroxine.


ibufenac

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.


An organobromine compound that is bromobenzene substituted at C-2 and -4 with nitro groups.


swainsonine

An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.


tolazamide

An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


fucose

Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.


idazoxan

A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.


cholesterol sulfate

A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.


loxoprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.


phthalic anhydride

The cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the anhydride of phthalic acid.


A dicarboximide having an endo bridged phthalimide structure, substituted at nitrogen by a 4-(quinolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)benzoyl group.


ethisterone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.


tricetin

Flavone hydroxylated at positions 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7.


JTE 607 dihydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of JTE-607. It is a cytokine inhibitor which suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). It acts as a pro-drug which is cleaved by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to its active free acid form, which then binds to cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 3 (CPSF3).


valpromide

A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.


3-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene-27,28-dioic acid dimethyl ester


benzyl cinnamate

The cinnamate ester derived from cinnamic acid and benzyl alcohol. Occuring in Balsam of Peru and Tolu balsam, in Sumatra and Penang benzoin, and as the main constituent of copaiba balsam, it is used in heavy oriental perfumes, as a fixative and as a flavouring agent.


minoxidil

A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.


oxime

Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.


Diatrizoate Meglumine

The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.


ceftaroline

A cephalosporin that is the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil.  Used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.


beta-asarone

The cis-isomer of asarone.


O-methylsalicylic acid

A  methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid.


phosphoramidon

A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.


glycolipid

Any member of class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar part acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol part may be absent.


phosphoric acid [(4-chlorophenyl)-dimethoxyphosphorylmethyl] dimethyl ester


mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the primary hydroxy group of 2-ethylhexane-1,5-diol


pyrazophos

A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidines that is the ethyl ester of 2-[(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy]-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thionophosphate group to afford the corresponding 2-hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine fungicide), it is used to control Erysiphe, Helminthosporium and Rhynchospium in cereals.


A dibromophenol that is phenol in which both of the hydrogens that are ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group have been replaced by bromines.


D-glucaric acid

The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.


The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.


The 3',5'-di-O-methyl ether of tricetin.  Known commonly as tricin, it is a constituent of rice bran and has been found to potently inhibit colon cancer cell growth.


A trihydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin prenylated at C-6.


momelotinib

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{2-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzoic acid with the primary amino group of aminoacetonitrile. It is an ATP-competitive JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM and 18 nM, respectively. Used for the treatment of patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis.


bisphenol A dimethacrylate

A bisphenol that is bisphenol A condensed with two molecules of methacrylic acid.


triacetin

A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.


SB 505124

A member of the class of imidazoles carrying tert-butyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl and 6-methylpyridin-2-yl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively.


malvidin

An anthocyanidin cation that is delphinidin carrying methyl substituents at positions 3' and 5'.


Cesium Chloride

The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.


(20S)-ginsenoside Rh2

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


thiosalicylic acid

A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.


A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine substituted by a 3-oxo-3-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 3. An inhibitor of PFKFB3 kinase, an enzyme with a key role in glycolysis.


undecanal

A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of undecanoic acid. It is a component of essential oils from citrus plants like Citrus reticulata.


Yttrium(III) chloride

The inorganic chloride salt of yttrium(III)


beta-tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts.


2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is  benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.


shikimic acid

A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.


juvenile hormone III

A member of the juvenile hormone family of compounds that is the methyl ester of (2E,6E)-9-[(2R)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]-3,7-dimethylnona-2,6-dienoic acid. Juvenile hormone III is found in most insect species.


citraconic acid

A dicarboxylic acid consisting of maleic acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.


alantolactone

A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.


ochratoxin B

A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid. Ochratoxin B differs from the more naturally abundant ochratoxin A in the absence of the dihydroisocoumarin chlorine atom. It has cytotoxic effects on kidney and liver cells in vitro but only minor effects in vivo, due to its rapid metabolism and excretion.  It inhibits cell proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells at doses as low as 1 mug/ ml but lacks the genotoxic activity of ochratoxin A, even at higher concentrations.


soluble tachyzoite antigen, Toxoplasma gondii


isoxazole

A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of  isoxazoles.


alkane

An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.


hydroxamic acid

A compound, RkE(=O)lNHOH, derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH) (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH with -NHOH, and derivatives thereof. Specific examples of hydroxamic acids are preferably named as N-hydroxy amides.


methyl farnesoate

A member of the juvenile hormone family of compounds that is the methyl ester of farnesoic acid. Found in several species of crustaceans.


penthiopyrad

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.


bromoethane

A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.


A macrolide that is the 7-oxo derivative of zeaenol (the 5Z stereoisomer). Isolated from Fungi, it exhibits cytotoxic, antibacterial and inhibitory activity against NF-kappaB.


tiazofurine

A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).


Derp2 allergen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus


acridine

A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.


pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.


methyl isocyanate

The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.


An organoiodine compound that is acrylic acid in which the vinylic hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 are replaced by mercapto and 4-iodophenyl groups respectively (the Z geoisomer).


benzyloxycarbonyltyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


flavouring agent

A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food.


(2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid

A (2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (R)-lactic acid substituted at position 3 by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group.


dichloroacetyl chloride

The acyl chloride obtained by displacement of the hydroxy group of dichloroacetic acid by chloride.


alpha helical corticotropin-releasing hormone


omipalisib

A member of the class of quinolines that is quinoline which is substituted by pyridazin-4-yl and 5-[(2,4-difluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]-6-methoxypyridin-3-yl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively. It is a highly potent inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR developed by GlaxoSmithKline and was previously in human phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and solid tumors.


Pyridoxal phosphate gamma-glutamyl hydrazone


N-oxalylglycine

An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.


A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.


fangchinoline

A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is (1beta)- berbaman which has been substituted by methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions, by methoxy groups at the 6, 6', and 12 positions, and by a hydroxy group at position 7. Isolated from Stephania tetrandra, it has been found to possess neuroprotective and anti-tumour activity.


sophoranone

A dihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.


astilbin

A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


lycorine

An  indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it  has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.


rubimaillin

A benzochromene that is 2H-benzo[h]chromene which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 2, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a hydroxy group at position 6. Found in the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, It has an anti-cancer effect by inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. It is also a dual inhibitor of  acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.


tetralin

An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of naphthalene.


demethoxyfumitremorgin C

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid, consisting of fumitremorgin C lacking the 9-methoxy substituent.


enasidenib

A 1,3,5-triazine which is substituted by (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)nitrilo, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl and [2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]nitrilo groups at positions 2,4 and 6, respectively. It is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) inhibitor which has been approved for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).


2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylamino]-2-phenylacetic acid 3-methylbutyl ester


A tertiary amino compound that is 2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine in which the primary ammino groups have each been acylated by condensation with the carboxy group of 2-{3-[(1R)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropyl]phenoxy}acetic acid, the hydroxy groups of which have been esterified by condensation with the carboxy group of L-pipecolic acid, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by condensation with (2S)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butyric acid. It is a synthetic, cell-permeable ligand that can be used to induce homodimerization of fusion proteins containing the DmrB domain.


cyanidin cation

An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.


A dihydroxybenzoate having the two hydroxy groups located at the 3- and 4-positions.


sappanchalcone

A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan, it exhibits neuroprotective and cytoprotective activity.


Auramine O

A hydrochloride obtained by combining 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis(N,N-dimethylaniline) with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A fluorescent stain for demonstrating acid fast organisms in a method similar to the Ziehl Neelsen. It also can be used to make a fluorescent Schiff reagent.


natamycin

A macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops.


(9E)-10-nitrooctadecenoic acid

A nitro fatty acid that is (9E)-octadec-9-enoic (elaidic) acid substituted by a nitro group at position 10.


MARAVIROC

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the primary amino group of (1S)-3-[(3-exo)-3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropylamine. An antiretroviral drug, it prevents the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells.


antihypertensive agent

Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism.


primidone

A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an  anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.


suvorexant

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.


varespladib methyl

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of varespladib with methanol. It is a potential therapy for the treatment of snakebite envenomings in which toxicity depends on the action of PLA2s.


Disodium hexachloroplatinate

An inorganic sodium salt comprising separate sodium cations and octahedral [PtCl6](2-)  anions.


chromone

The simplest member of the class of chromones that is 4H-chromene with an oxo group at position 4.


alpha-ergocryptine

Ergotaman bearing hydroxy, isopropyl, and 2-methylpropyl groups at the 12', 2' and 5' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine.


prilocaine

An  amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.


HT-2 toxin

A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin.


ethion

An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7).


3,5-dibromo-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


glycoside

A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.


dihydroouabain

A cardenolide glycoside that is ouabain in which the double bond in the lactone ring has been reduced to a single bond. It is a cardiac glycoside and a derivative of ouabain which is used as a sodium pump antagonist and exhibits ionotropic effects.


clenbuterol

A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.


alsterpaullone

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.


S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline

An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.


beta-cyclocitral

A monoterpenoid formally derived from citral by cyclisation. It is a volatile compound produced by a cyanobacteria.


ferruginol

An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12.


licoricidin

A member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is R-isoflavan with hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 5 and prenyl groups at positions 6 and 3'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


batimastat

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.


cycloastragenol

A sapogenin that is the aglycone derivative of astragaloside IV, a major saponin extracted from the root of Astragalus membranaceus.


A member of the class of imidazopyridines that is 4-(1-ethylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol carrying additional 2-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl and [(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]methoxy substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively.


tergitol NP-9

A tergitol polymer consisting of nonylbenzene with a nine-membered poly(ethylene glycol) moiety attached at position 4.


febuxostat

A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.


4-tolyl isocyanate

An isocyanate comprising a benzene core with isocyanato and methyl substituents para to each other.


harmalol

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is hydroxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.


syringin

A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.


diacetylmonoxime

A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.


beta-amyrin

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.


A dinitrobenzene carrying nitro groups at positions 1 and 4.


quinolone antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.


acivicin

An L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which the methyl group is replaced by a (5S)-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl group. A glutamine analogue antimetabolite, it interferes with glutamate metabolism and  several glutamate-dependent synthetic enzymes. It is obtained as a fermentation product of Streptomyces sviceus bacteria.


1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid

A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a  xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.


sinefungin

An adenosine that is the the delta-(5'-adenosyl) derivative of ornithine.


N-[2-amino-6-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylamino]-3-pyridinyl]carbamic acid ethyl ester


methyl L-leucinate

The methyl ester of L-leucine.


biperiden

A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.


A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer). It is a potent retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARbeta) agonist that acts as an antagonist against RARalpha and RARgamma.


somatostatin

A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14.


A dihydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 4'.


maslinic acid

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Olea europaea and Salvia canariensis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic activity.


A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a tridecyl group. The configuration at positions 2 and 6 is unknown or unspecified.


fluoxastrobin

An oxime O-ether that is the O-methyl oxime of (2-{[6-(2-chlorophenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)(5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)methanone. A fungicide used for disease control of potatoes and a wide range of vegetables.


N-arachidonoyl-L-alanine

An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-alanine with the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.


nonane

A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.


benznidazole

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which has been substituted at position 5 by a 4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl group, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by a (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetyl group. An orally bioavailable PERK inhibitor.


docebenone

A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.


gossypin

A glycosyloxyflavone that is  gossypetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a glycosidic linkage.


beraprost

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.


4-hydroxybutyric acid

A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


pazopanib

A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.


estradiol, norethindrone drug combination


oxaloacetic acid

An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.


1-Hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-7-phenyl-1-hepten-1-yl)-1-cyclohexane acetate sodium salt


thiamylal

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is 2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by a pentan-2-yl and prop-2-en-1-yl group at position 5.


tryptamines

Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives.


cefpirome

A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.


3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate

A carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group. A fungicide, it is used as a preservative and sapstain control chemical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.


A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenylethynyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer).


A member of the class of  formamidines that is N-methylimidoformamide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom has been replaced by a  2,4-dimethylphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the insecticide amitraz.


An aromatic alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.


isonicotinamide

A pyridinecarboxamide that is the monocarboxylic acid amide derivative of  isonicotinic acid.


dicamba

A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.


p-tolualdehyde

A tolualdehyde compound with the methyl substituent at the 4-position.


cepharanthine

A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.


spiro compound

A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.


EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor

An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17).


ethyl trans-caffeate

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with ethanol.


beta-cyclodextrin

A cyclodextrin composed of seven alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.


A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which carboxymethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.


isophthalic acid

A benzenedicarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by carboxy groups at position 1 and 3. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and terephthalic acids.


A cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclised via 3',5'- and 2',5'-linkages respectively.


pramipexole

A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.


A pyridopyrimidine that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by (3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl groups and at position 5 by a 3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyphenyl group. It is an mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) dual inhibitor [mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin].


myxothiazol

A 2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole substituted at the 4-position with a (1E,3S,4R,5E)-7-amino-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-7-oxohepta-1,5-dien-1-yl] group and at the 2'-position with a (2S,3E,5E)-7-methylocta-3,5-dien-2-yl group. It is an inhibitor of coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase.


A phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants.


brazilin

A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a red pigment obtained from the wood of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil-wood) or Caesalpinia sappan (sappan-wood).


helioxanthin

A furonaphthodioxole that is furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-7(9H)-one substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at posiiton 10. It is a inhibitor of HBV, HCV and HSV-1 viruses.


lixisenatide

A forty-four membered polypeptide consisting of L-His, Gly, L-Glu, Gly, L-Thr, L-Phe, L-Thr, L-Ser, L-Asp, L-Leu, L-Ser, L-Lys, L-Gln, L-Met, L-Glu, L-Glu, L-Glu, L-Ala, L-Val, L-Arg, L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Ile, L-Glu, L-Trp, L-Leu, L-Lys, L-Asn, Gly, Gly, LPro, L-Ser, L-Ser, Gly, L-Ala, L-Pro, L-Pro, L-Ser, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, and L-Lys-NH2 residues joined in sequence. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type II diabetes.


necrosulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is a 3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl derivative of (E)-N-(4-(N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide. Necrosulfonamide specifically blocks necrosis downstream of the activation of RIP3 (the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3), a key signalling molecule in the programmed necrosis (necroptosis) pathway.


N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid

An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor.


canadine

A berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10.


phenyl benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with benzoic acid.


propyzamide

A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-amine. It is used as a systemic post-emergent herbicide for the control grass and broadleaf weeds in a wide range of in a wide variety of fruit and root crops.


pentacene

An acene that consists of five ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


Thiosulfuric acid, disodium salt, pentahydrate

A hydrate consisting of sodium thiosulfate with 5 mol eq. of water.


A methylquinoline carrying a methyl substituent at position 4.


remdesivir

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[(S)-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-cyano-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy}(phenoxy)phosphoryl]-L-alanine with the hydroxy group of 2-ethylbutan-1-ol. A broad-spectrum antiviral prodrug with potent in vitro antiviral activity against a diverse panel of RNA viruses such as Ebola virus, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. It is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Covid-19 in adults.


acetic acid [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylphenyl] ester


N-hexadecanoylsphingosine

A N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).


isobutane

An alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


An  indole alkaloid that is canthin-6-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9. Isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


tazarotenic acid

A thiochromane that is acetylene in which the hydrogens are replaced by 5-carboxypyridin-2-yl and 4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl groups. It is the active form of the prodrug tazarotene.


A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenylethanolamine in which the the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a methoxy group, while the am no group is substituted by a 4-(p-nitrophenyl)butan-2-yl group. A beta-adrenergic agonist that has been used illegally in China as an animal feed additive to as a growth promotion to enhance the the lean meat-to-fat ratio for livestock.


taiwanin C

A furonaphthodioxole that is furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(8H)-one substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It is a naturally occurring lignan extracted from Taiwania cryptomerioides and found to be a potential inhibitor of COX2 expression.


tepoxalin

A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]propanoic acid with the amino group of N-methylhydroxylamine. It is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation caused by musculoskeletal disorders such as hip dysplasia and arthritis in dogs.


taraxasterol

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples.


talmapimod

An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-3-[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl]-1-methylindole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group  of (2S,5R)-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,5-dimethylpiperazine. It is a potent inhibitor of MAPK and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


10-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.


poly(guanylic acid)

A polynucleotide comprised of guanosine units connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages.


carbimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.


A glycoside comprising beta-lactose having a p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)phenyl group at the 1-position.


cefotaxime

A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.


sulfamethizole

A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.


(S,S,S)-nicotianamine

The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of  nicotianamine.


ergocristine

Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.


APETx2 protein, Anthopleura elegantissima


A dibutyrin resulting from the condensation of both of the primary hydroxy groups of glycerol with butyric acid.


indole-3-acetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.


A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM).


A 13 amino acid oligopeptide which is the ligand for the apelin receptor (also known as the APJ receptor). It exhibits hypotensive and neuroprotective effects, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for acute ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis.


pilsicainide

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.


N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine

An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.


A 77636 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.


vatalanib

A member of the class of phthalazines that is phthalazine in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 4have been replaced by a p-chlorophenylamino group and a pyridin-4-ylmethyl group, respectively. It is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for all isoforms of VEGFR, PDGFR and c-Kit.


cyanuric acid

The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.


monodansylcadaverine

A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.


nitrapyrin

A chloropyridine that is 2-chloropyridine which is substituted by a trichloromethyl group at position 6. It is a nitrification inhibitor that is co-applied with nitrogen fertilizer in agroecosystems.


ginsenoside F1

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


iopamidol

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.


isoleucyl-glutamyl-threonyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


(+)-lariciresinol

A lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2S,3R,4R-diastereomer).


profenamine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.


serine proteinase inhibitor

An exogenous or endogenous compound which inhibits serine endopeptidases.


A coumarin substituted by a methyl group at position 4 and by acetyloxy groups at positions 7 and 8. It exhibits strong antioxidant and radical scavenging properties.


teratogenic agent

A role played by a chemical compound  in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect.


xaliproden

A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.


nucleotide

A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.


triphenylphosphane oxide

A phosphine oxide in which the substituents on phosphorus are three phenyl groups.


(-)-ephedrine

A  phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.


tideglusib

A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.


monuron

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.


pyranone

Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent.


protopine

A dibenzazecine alkaloid isolated from Fumaria vaillantii.


3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate

An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.


sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine

A sulfonamide compound having a 4-hydroxylaminophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom and a 1,2-oxazol-3-yl group attached to the nitrogen atom.


olomoucine

A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.


tomatidine

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.


2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid

The 5-phosphono derivative of 2-aminopentanoic acid; acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist.


tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


triamcinolone

A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.


Potassium Nitrate

The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.


A conduritol epoxide resulting from the formal epoxidation of the double bond of (+)-conduritol B.


tiamulin

A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.


edrophonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.


Ibogamine-18-carboxylic acid, 12-methoxy-13-((3alpha)-17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3-yl)-, methyl ester


flucytosine

An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.


methyl vanillate

A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of  vanillic acid.


beta-elemene

A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is 4,6-diaminoquinazoine in which the one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group at position 4 has been replaced by a m-bromophenyl group while one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group at position 6 has been replaced by a but-2-ynoyl group.


epothilone B

An epithilone that is epithilone D in which the double bond in the macrocyclic ring has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the S,S stereoisomer).


lomitapide

A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.


(+)-pinoresinol

An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration.


1-phenyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl ester


A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.


palladium(II) chloride

A palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.


tralopyril

A pyrrole resulting from the N-dealkylation of the ethoxymethyl group of chlorfenapyr. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide chlorfenapyr.


okanin

A member of the class of  chalcones that is  trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, 2', 3', and 4' respectively.


euxanthone

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1 and 7 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.


zoxamide

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-zoxamide.  A fungicide used for the control of various fungal infections including blight in potatoes and tomatoes.


acetic acid 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl ester


procarbazine

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.


(S,S)-paclobutrazol

A 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


A member of the class of  phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2.


benzocaine

A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.


validamycin A

A member of the class of validamycins that is (1R,2S,3S,4S,6R)-4-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 has been converted to its beta-D-glucoside and in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a (1R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl group. It is the major validamycin produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


rhodotorulic acid

A member of the class of 2,5-diketopiperazines obtained by cyclodimerisation of N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


cefminox

A second-generation cephamycin antibiotic having [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and 2-{[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}acetamido side-groups located respectively at positions 3 and 7beta of the cephem nucleus. A broad-spectrum bactericide, it is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.


pedalitin

A tetrahydroxy-monohydroxy-flavone, with the four hydroxy groups at C-3',-4',-5 and 6, and the methoxy group at C-7.  It has been isolated from a number of plant species, including Eremosparton songoricum, Rabdosia japonica and Ruellia tuberosa.


fructooligosaccharide

carbohydrate-based polymers derived from natural sources that can be utilized by certain gastrointestinal tract bacteria but not by the host animal


guanethidine

A member of the class of  guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.


rubiarbonone C

A pentacyclic triterpenoid of the class of arborinane-type terpenoids isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor

A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the activity of reverse transcriptase, EC 2.7.7.49, a viral DNA polymerase enzyme that retroviruses need in order to reproduce.


dodecane

A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).


1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-1H-indole-3-acetic acid 3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl ester


mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy gruops of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-(hydroxymethyl)heptanoic acid. It is a urinary metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate.


eckol

A phlorotannin that is oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy moiety at position 4. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


tipranavir

A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.


N-acetylcysteamine

A member of the class of  acetamides that is the N-acetyl-deriavtive of cysteamine.


annomontine

An alkaloid that is beta-carboline substituted at position C-1 by a 2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl moiety. An antiparasitic agent found in Annona montana and Annona foteida.


manganese dioxide

A manganese molecular entity with formula MnO2.


djalonensone

A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.


6,8-diallyl 5,7-dihydroxy 2-(2-allyl 3-hydroxy 4-methoxyphenyl)1-H benzo(b)pyran-4-one


maleic anhydride

A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.


canertinib

A quinazoline compound having a 3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino group at the 4-position, a propenamido group at the 6-position, and a 3-morpholinopropoxy group at the 7-position.


imidazol-5-ylacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.


sulfometuron methyl

A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of 2-{[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl]sulfamoyl}benzoic acid.


1-29-Somatoliberin (1-desaminotyrosine,8-glutamine,12-ornithine,15-alpha-aminobutyric ACID,21-ornithine,27-norleucine,28-aspartic ACID,29-agmatine) (human)


cloxacillin

A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.


DEPTROPINE

An azabicycloalkane that is the 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl ether of tropine.


verrucarin A

A trichothecene antibiotic which incorporates a triester macrocyclic structure and an exocyclic methylene epoxide group.


N-[6-[[(cyclohexylideneamino)oxy-oxomethyl]amino]hexyl]carbamic acid (cyclohexylideneamino) ester


(R)-amygdalin

An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.


psoralidin

A member of the class of  coumestans that is  coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively.


flavonolignan

Any lignan condensed with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


bensulfuron-methyl

The methyl ester of bensulfuron. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide for the control of a variety of both annual and perennial weeds in crops, particularly wheat and rice. It is not licensed for use within the UK.


N-acetyl-L-methionine

An L-methionine derivative that is L-methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.


fludrocortisone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.


ceftriaxone

A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.


Tolonium chloride

An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion.  It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.


flubendazole

A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.


xanthosine

A purine nucleoside in which xanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


rocuronium

A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid

An oxopurine that is uric acid in which the hydrogens at positions 1,3,7 and 9 are replaced by methyl groups. It is a purine alkaloid that is found in Chinese tea known as kucha (Camellia assamica var. kucha) and exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.


nimbin

A limonoid found in Azadirachta indica.


High Temperature Requirement A2 Inhibitor I


A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.


gramine

An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.


A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.


hydrazinecarbothioamide

A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.


BAY 41-2272

A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted by a 2-fluorobenzyl group at position 1 and by a 4-amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase.


2,2-diphenylacetic acid (1-ethyl-3-piperidinyl) ester


detergent

A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions.


eptifibatide

A synthetic homodetic cyclic peptide comprising N(alpha)-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)homoarginyl, glycyl, aspartyl, tryptophyl, prolyl and cysteinamide residues connected in sequence and cyclised via a disulfide bond. Derived from a protein found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarus barbouri, eptifibatide is an anti-coagulant that inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively blocking the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, so preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive ligands. It is used in the management of unstable angina and in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty and stenting procedures.


bovine serum albumin-corticosterone conjugate


bevantolol

A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.


neosaxitoxin

A pyrrolopurine that is saxitoxin carrying a hydroxy substituent on the nitrogen atom at position 5. It is a sodium channel blocker that is undergoing clinical trials as a prolonged-duration local anesthetic.


amikacin

An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.


methyl isothiocyanate

An isothiocyanate having a methyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is also the active nematicide of the pronematicide metam-sodium.


nitroflurbiprofen

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of  flurbiprofen with the free hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent showing inhibitory effects against the cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2.


lactulose

A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.


metalaxyl-M

A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate that is the more active R-enantiomer of metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.


fostriecin

A structurally unique, naturally-occurring phosphate monoester isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces pulveraceus. It inhibits DNA topoisomerase II as well as several protein phosphatase including PP2A and PPA4, and exhibits potent antitumor activity against several cancer cell lines.


metazachlor

An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl and a (1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl) group at the nitrogen atom.


alclometasone dipropionate

A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.


metoxuron

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a plant growth regulator and a pre- and post-emergence herbicide used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in carrots and cereals (e.g. wheat, barley and rye).


pexidartinib

A pyrrolopyridine that is 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine which is substituted by a [6-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}amino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl group at position 3. It is a potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, KIT, and FLT3 (IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).


A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.


A dialkyl ketone with methyl and nonyl as the two alkyl groups.


A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.


kadethrin

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(E)-(2-oxodihydrothiophen-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of (5-benzylfuran-3-yl)methanol. It is a pyrethroid ester insecticide used for the control of household pests, particularly houseflies, mosquitoes and cockroaches.


4-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside

A xyloside that is beta-D-xylopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.


phenoxymethylpenicillin

A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.


Antracol

A polymeric complex of zinc with the propylene 1,2-bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. A fungicide, it is used to control a wide range of fungal diseases, including downy mildew, brown rot, black rot, red fire, leaf spot, and blight in crops such as grapes, tomatoes, potatoes, berries, citrus, rice and tea.


A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4.


sulfamic acid

The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.


cyclopentane

A cycloalkane that consists of five carbons each bonded with two hydrogens above and below the plane. The parent of the class of cyclopentanes.


bromacil

A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.


A carboxamide, the structure of which is that of acetamide substituted on carbon by a 2',3-dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridin-5-yl group and on nitrogen by a 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl group. It is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable Porcupine inhibitor (a Wnt signalling inhibitor).


metipranolol

3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.


8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-, methyl ester, [1R-(exo,exo)]-


melibiose

A glycosylglucose formed by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage between D-galactose and D-glucose.


short-chain fatty acid

An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid.


cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro)

A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.


lorlatinib

A cyclic ether that is 16,17-dihydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecin-15(10H)-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 10R, and by cyano, amino and fluoro groups at positions 3, 7 and 12 respectively. It is a small molecule inhibitor of ALK and ROS1 kinase developed by Pfizer for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.


membrane transport modulator

Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane.


A sophoroside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


A pyrrolidin-2-one substituted by 6-carboxyhexyl and 3-hydroxyoctyl groups at positions 1 and 2, respectively. It is a potent prostaglandin EP4 receptor agonist (Ki=35 nM).


ethylestrenol

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.


disulfoton

An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.


Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim

A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.


2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 6-(nitrooxymethyl)-2-phenylmethyl ester


(20S)-ginsenoside Rh1

A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position.


A member of the of quinazolines that is 4-aminoquinazolin-7-ol in which the amino group at position 4 has been substituted by a 5-[2-(3-fluoroanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-yl group, while the hydroxy group at position 7 has been converted into the corresponding 3-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)aminopropyl ether.


ethyl hexanoate

A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol.


ivacaftor

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.


iodixanol

A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.


imine

Compounds having the structure RN=CR2 (R = H, hydrocarbyl). Thus analogues of aldehydes or ketones, having NR doubly bonded to carbon; aldimines have the structure RCH=NR, ketimines have the structure R'2C=NR (where R' is not H). Imines include azomethines and Schiff bases. Imine is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the C=NH group excluding the carbon atom.


antalarmin

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).


tribuloside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is  kaempferol attached to a  6-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


empagliflozin

A C-glycosyl compound consisting of a beta-glucosyl residue having a (4-chloro-3-{4-[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]benzyl}phenyl group at the anomeric centre. A sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


amidine

Derivatives of oxoacids RnE(=O)OH in which the hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group and the oxo group is replaced by =NR. In organic chemistry an unspecified amidine is commonly a carboxamidine.


deoxypodophyllotoxin

A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.


rhamnocitrin

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of  kaempferol.


phosphorus trichloride

A phosphorus halide with formula Cl3P.


advanced glycation end-product

Carbohydrate derivatives resulting from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. They result in cells becoming stiffer and more prone to damage and premature aging.


hydrocarbon

A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


methylprednisolone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.


toyocamycin

An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.


orantinib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.


poly(acrylic acid) macromolecule

An acrylic macromolecule, composed of acrylic acid repeating units.


3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-4-(2-(4-((2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)amino)butoxy)-5-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-, dimethyl ester


trichloroacetaldehyde

An organochlorine compound that consists of  acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.


An organic phosphonate that is phenylphosphonothioic O,O-acid in which the hydroxy groups are substituted by methoxy and 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenoxy groups.


A 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl); major species at pH 7.3.


A pyrrolopyridine that is vemurafenib in which the p-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by chlorine. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Raf kinase B-Raf(V600E).


aldehydo-L-rhamnose

The acyclic form of L-rhamnose.


flufenacet

An aromatic amide that is acetamide in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a propan-2-yl and 4-fluorophenyl groups while the methyl hydrogen is replaced by a [5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy group.


A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.


cyclodextrin

A macrocycle composed of five or more D-glucopyranose units bonded via (1->4)-linkages.


A diisocyanate consisting of dicyclohexylmethane with two isocyanate groups at the 4- and 4'-positions.


megestrol

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.


piperazine

An azacycloalkane that consists of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions.


sotrastaurin

A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients.


devazepide

An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9 kinases and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


bitolterol

The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.


carmoxirole

An indolecarboxylic acid that is indole-5-carboxylic acid bearing an additional 4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl)butyl substituent at position 3. Selective, peripherally acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Modulates noradrenalin release and sympathetic activation. Displays antihypertensive properties in vivo.


ipriflavone

A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.


PRASUGREL HYDROCHLORIDE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.


N-(1-phthalazinylamino)carbamic acid ethyl ester


ethyl vanillin

A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group.


dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide

An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.


cilastatin

The thioether resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol group of L-cysteine with the 7-position of (2Z)-2-({[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)hept-2-enoic acid. It is an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I (membrane dipeptidase, 3.4.13.19), an enzyme found in the brush border of renal tubes and responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore administered (as the sodium salt) with  imipenem to prolong the antibacterial effect of the latter by preventing its renal metabolism to inactive and potentially nephrotoxic products. Cilastatin also acts as a leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.


posaconazole

An N-arylpiperazine that consists of piperazine carrying two 4-substituted phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4. A triazole antifungal drug.


(9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid

A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from  pomegranate (Punica granatum).


beta-tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat.


ginkgetin

A biflavonoid that is the  7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.


moxalactam

A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.


cathinone

The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.


A fluoroindole that is 6-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl group (trans configuration). It is a selective inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which directs the conversion of trypophan to kynurenin.


ecdysone

A 6-oxo steroid that is 5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 14, 22 and 25 respectively (the 2beta, 3beta, 22R stereoisomer). It is a steroid prohormone of the major insect moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone.


clonazepam

1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.


oleandrin

A steroid saponin that consists of oleandrigenin having a 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl residue attached to the oxygen function at position 3.


(E)-azobenzene

The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.


coniferyl aldehyde

A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.


Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination


irigenin

A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 3' and methoxy groups at positions 6, 4' and 5' respectively.


myristoylated autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide


Cadmium nitrate

An inorganic nitrate salt having Cd(2+) as the counterion.


high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL).


podophyllotoxin

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl substituent. It is found in the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species and is used for the topical treatment of genital warts.


lentinan

A 1,3 beta-glucan polysaccharide with beta-1,6 branching  isolated from the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes. It has a molecular weight of around 500,000 Da; the exact composition is unknown.


levobupivacaine

The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


Magnesium Carbonate

A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.


A nitrosamine that is iminodiacetone that is substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It induces pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters (other rodents are not susceptible).


phlorizin chalcone

A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 4' and 6 and a  beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 2' respectively.


3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester


GGTI-2133 free base

An N-acyl-L-amino acid obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{[(imidazol-4-yl)methyl]amino}-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)benzoic acid with the amino group of L-leucine. An inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I.


3-methylglutaric acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid substituted at position 3 by a methyl group.


A member of the class of ferrichromes that is an iron(III) chelate of a homodetic cyclic peptide made up of a tripeptide of glycine and a tripeptide of N(4)-acetyl-N(4)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


2,4-Pentadienoic acid, 3-methyl-5-(2-(2-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)ethenyl)-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (E,E,E)-


1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a-octahydro-6-methoxy-1-methylbenz(g)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine amide


allyl methyl disulfide

An  organic disulfide having allyl and methyl as the two organic groups.


fluopimomide

A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methanamine. It is a benzamide fungicide, synthesized by Shandong Sino-Agri United Biotechnology Co., Ltd (China). Used for the control of cucumber and grape downy mildew, phytophthora capsici, litchi downy blight, potato late blight, rice sheath blight, and cotton rhizoctonia solani.


kuwanone H

A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the plant species of the genus Morus.


artemether

An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


aminoquinoline

Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups.


tetracene

An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


molinate

A member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies.


Ro 25-6981

A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.


hymexazol

A member of the class of isoxazoles carrying hydroxy and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively. It is used worldwide as a systemic soil and seed fungicide for the control of diseases caused by Fusarium, Aphanomyces, Pythium, and Corticium spp. in rice, sugarbeet, fodderbeet, vegetables, cucurbits, and ornamentals.


A primary amino compound consisting of ethylamine having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 2-position.


suprofen

An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.


octhilinone

A member of the class of 1,2-thiazole that is 1,2-thiazol-3-one substituted on the nitrogen (position 2) by an octyl group. A fungicide and antibacterial agent, it is used for treatment of canker and other fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit trees. It is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


cholinesterase reactivator

A drug used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates.


ioxaglic acid

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.


(+)-dihydrokaempferol

A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.


oligomycin B

An oligomycin with formula C45H72O12 that is oligomycin A in which the spirocyclic ring bearing the 2-hydroxypropyl substituent has been substituted by an oxo group at the carbon which is directly attached to the spirocentre. It is a nonselective inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


4-nitrobenzyl bromide

A C-nitro compound that consists of nitrobenzene bearing a bromomethyl substituent at the para-position.


A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linolenic acid.


LAWSONE

1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2.  It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.


beta-myrcene

A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid

A member of the class of furans that is 2-furoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a tetradecyloxy group.


CANDOXATRILAT

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure.


NS 1619

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).


niraparib

A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.


A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol in which one of the meta-hydroxy groups is converted to the corresponding methyl ether.


An ergostanoid that is (22E)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.


agrimoniin

A dimeric hydrolysable tannin in which 2 moles of potentillin monomer are linked via a dehydrogalloyl group; an antitumor tannin of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., which induces interleukin-1.


roxadustat

An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).


N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid dimethyl ester


cyclohexane

An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.


aloxistatin

An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.


tolvaptan

A benzazepine derivative incorporating a benzenedicarboxamide function whch is a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist used to treat euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. It is also used in the treatment of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease to slow the rate of cyst development and renal insufficiency. Tolvaptan is a racemate consisting of a 1:1 mixture of 5R and 5S stereomers.


tyrphostin AG 825

An organic sulfide that consists of  1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur atom is replaced by a 5-[(1E)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl group. It acts as an  epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist.


methdilazine

A phenothiazine substituted on nitrogen by a (1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl group; a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties.


A member of the class of isoxazoles that is the carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl hydrogen carbonate with the amino group of 3-({[4-(4-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl}sulfanyl)propanoic acid.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).


imiprothrin

Mixture of 20% (1R)-cis- (CHEBI:39372) and 80% (1R)-trans- (CHEBI:39373) isomers.


amphotericin B methyl ester

The methyl ester of amphotericin B.


chlorquinaldol

A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by chlorine at positions 5 and 7. An antifungal and antibacterial, it was formerly used for topical treatment of skin conditions and vaginal infections.


Any carbohydrate derivative that consists of glycan moieties covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide.


A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by a [6-(methylamino)-3-nitropyridin-2-yl]amino group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of heat shock factor 1 (IC50 = 1.2muM) and suppresses tumour growth in mouse xenograft models.


{2-[6-(2-Acetylamino-benzothiazol-4-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl}carbamic acid tert-butyl ester


methohexital

A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.


N-octanoylsphingosine

An N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-2-cyano-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 3-phenylpropylamine.


cyanuric chloride

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.


rasagiline

An indane that consists of 1-aminoindane bearing an N-propargyl substituent. A selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor.


miglustat

A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.


estramustine

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.


3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester


N-butylbenzenesulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by a butyl group at the nitrogen atom. It has been isolated from the plant Prunus africana and has been shown to exhibit antiandrogenic activity.


An indolamine carrying an amino group at position 5.


marimastat

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.


verbascose

A pentasaccharide that is stachiose which has an additional unit of alpha-D-galactopyranose attached by a 1->6 glycosidic linkage to the terminal galactosyl residue.


A dihydroxyflavone that is  chrysin substituted by a prenyl group at position 6.


VPC 23019

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of O-phospho-D-serine with the amino group of m-octylaniline. An analogue of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), it is a potent antagonist for both S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. It can inhibit S1P-induced migration of thyroid cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells, and neural stem cells.


sulfuric acid

A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.


tazarotene

The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of  psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.


m-tolualdehyde

A tolualdehyde compound with the methyl substituent at the 3-position.


A very long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group.


4-methylumbelliferyl acetate

An acetate ester consiting of umbelliferone carrying a 7-O-acetyl group.


4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol

A member of the class of benzyl alcohols in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring of benzyl alcohol has been replaced by an isopropyl group.


camalexin

An indole phytoalexin that is indole substituted at position 3 by a 1,3-thiazol-2-yl group.


lincomycin

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.


Ferrous ammonium sulfate

A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.


pancuronium

A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.


ZM 323881

A member of the class of quinazolines carrying 2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-hydroxyanilino and benzyloxy substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively.


lorcaserin

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.


anagrelide

A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.


malic acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


methylmalonic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.


Met-enkephalin

A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-methionine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide with antitumor, analgesic, and immune-boosting properties.


2-methyl-3-(2-((4-nitrooxybutyloxy)carbonyl)vinyl)phenyl ursodeoxycholic acid ester


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as octanoyl.


propylbenzene

An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.


ergosine

An  ergot alkaloid isolated from the fungus Epichloe typhina.


tridecane

A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus.


soyasaponin I

A triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having an alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage.


apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


riddelliine N-oxide

A pyrrolizine alkaloid that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionane bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 12 and 18, two additional oxo groups at positions 11 and 16 and an N-oxido substituent.


bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of adipic acid with 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. It is used as a plasticiser in the preparation of various polymers.


naphthols

Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.


A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and 1,2-diaminobenzene.


castor oil

A mixture of triglycerides obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis. The major component is triricinolein. Typical fatty acid composition on hydrolysis is 87% ricinoleic acid, 7% oleic acid, 3% linoleic acid, 2% palmitic acid, 1% stearic acid, and trace amounts of dihydroxystearic acid.


emedastine

1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis.


apremilast

A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole-1,3-dione substituted at position 4 by an acetamido group and at position 1 by a 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl group. Used for treatment of psoriatic arthritis.


prostaglandin D3

A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,13E,15S,17Z-stereoisomer).