Anal Canal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Hemoglobinuria, CTCAE 3.0

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Stage IA Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

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Stage IA includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: T1, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Any. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  For adenocarcinoma: T1, N0, M0, G1-2, X. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Grade 2 Catheter-Related Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Grade 3 Penile Pain, CTCAE

Severe pain; limiting self care ADL


undifferentiated carcinoma of appendix

A high grade carcinoma arising from the appendix, characterized by the absence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Grade 5 Peripheral Nerve Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 5 Aortic Valve Disease, CTCAE

Death


Grade 1 Cranial Nerve XI Neuropathy, CTCAE


Childhood Esophageal Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the esophagus that occurs during childhood.


Localized Malignant Supratentorial Neoplasm

A malignant supratentorial neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Grade 2 Lens Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 5 Pregnancy, Puerperium and Perinatal Conditions - Other, Specify, CTCAE

Death


Grade 1 Fever, CTCAE

38.0-39.0 degrees C (100.4-102.2 degrees F)


Distal Urethral Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the distal part of the urethra.


Grade 1 Pharyngeal Stenosis, CTCAE

Asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated


Tuberculosis of adrenal glands

Tuberculosis of the adrenal gland.


Upper Aerodigestive NOS Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 5 Ileus, CTCAE

Death


Grade 3 Small Bowel NOS Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 4 Right Ventricular Dysfunction, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., ventricular assist device); heart transplant indicated


Grade 4 Biliary Tree Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Testicular Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumor, Mixed Forms

A sex cord-stromal tumor of the testis which may contain any combination of cell types, for example Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and granulosa cells. Symptoms include testicular swelling and gynecomastia.


Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Grade 2 CD4 Lymphocytes Decreased, CTCAE

<500-200/mm3; <0.5-0.2 x 10e9/L


Grade 5 Lower Extremity Artery Injury, CTCAE


Grade 5 Ileal Stenosis, CTCAE

Death


Grade 5 Enterovesical Fistula, CTCAE

Death


Digestive System Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from any part of the gastrointestinal system.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Grade 3 Flu Like Symptoms, CTCAE

Severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL


Clinical Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Evidence of distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 2 Muscle Weakness Left-Sided, CTCAE

Symptomatic; evident on physical exam; limiting instrumental ADL


Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm of low grade arising from the digestive system. It is composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with small vesicular nuclei. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent. The tumor can occur anywhere in the digestive system; approximately 90% arise in the appendix.


Grade 4 Chylous Ascites, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated


Refractory Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Esophageal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Small Bowel Stricture or Stenosis NOS, CTCAE


Stage II Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Neonatal Pneumothorax, AE

An adverse event in a newborn characterized by a collection of air or other gas between the visceral and parietal pleura.


Grade 3 Upper Airway Infection NOS with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Chemical Gastritis

Gastritis caused by injury to the gastric mucosa by chemicals. The injury occurs due to reflux of bile and pancreatic enzymes.


Upper Extremity Soft Tissue Necrosis, CTCAE


Grade 1 Ileus, CTCAE

Asymptomatic and radiologic observations only


Grade 2 Middle Ear Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 2 Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders - Other, Specify, CTCAE

Moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; limiting age-appropriate instrumental ADL


Grade 4 Kidney Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Grade 2 Middle Ear Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Nasopharynx Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Diffuse malignant lymphoma - centroblastic-centrocytic


Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Ependymoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of childhood ependymoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Atrophic arthritis

An antiquated term indicating arthritis and bone loss.


Grade 2 Vagina Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 3 Intraoperative Ocular Injury, CTCAE

Complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; limiting self care ADL


Grade 5 Neonatal Sinus Tachycardia, AE

A sinus tachycardia adverse event in a newborn which results in death.


Grade 5 Small Bowel Obstruction NOS, CTCAE


Grade 4 Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 4 Pancreas Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 1 Arachnoiditis, CTCAE

Mild symptoms


Grade 4 Small Intestinal Obstruction, CTCAE


Grade 5 Kidney Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Grade 3 Anal Mucositis, CTCAE

Severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL


small cell carcinoma of appendix

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the wall of the appendix. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Adverse Event Associated with the Musculoskeletal System and Soft Tissue


Acute and chronic inflammation

The coexistence of a chronic inflammatory process with a superimposed polymorphonuclear neutrophilic infiltration.


Grade 2 Neuroendocrine Gonadotropin Secretion Abnormality, CTCAE


Childhood Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Grade 4 Epistaxis, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


In situ follicular neoplasia

A follicular neoplasia confined to the germinal centers of the lymph nodes, without evidence of disseminated disease. It is characterized by the replacement of a germinal center by neoplastic centrocytes with uniformly intense positivity for BCL2. The surrounding mantle cuff and lymphoid architecture are intact. It has a low rate of progression to follicular lymphoma, but is often associated with prior or synchronous overt lymphoma.


Benign Familial Infantile Seizures

A genetically heterogenous afebrile seizure disorder of infancy, typically occurring between the third and eight month of life, that is characterized by brief partial seizures occurring in clusters over a day or several days. Psychomotor and neurologic development before and after seizures are normal.


Grade 4 Local Complication of Device and Prosthesis, CTCAE


Refractory Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal canal squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Chronic candidiasis

Candidiasis that is persistent or long-standing in nature.


Grade 1 Retroperitoneum Hemorrhage, CTCAE


Clear cell adenocarcinoma of lung

A well differentiated morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the predominance of clear cells.


Grade 1 Flushing, CTCAE

Asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observations only


Foreign Body Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Benign Germinative Follicular Epithelium Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the germinative follicular epithelium and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Grade 3 Wrist Fracture, CTCAE

Limiting self care ADL; elective operative intervention indicated requiring hospitalization


Benign neoplasm of extrahepatic bile ducts

A neoplasm that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Resectable Oligodendroglioma

An oligodendroglioma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Localized Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastroesophageal junction and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Congenital non-progressive ataxia

A clinically and genetically heterogenous group of rare, predominantly non-progressive neurological disorders present at birth and characterized by hypotonia, developmental delays, and ataxia. Cognitive and motor impairments may improve over time.


Cervical Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the cervix. Representative examples include endometriosis and cervicitis.


Malignant Lymphoma, Non-Cleaved Cell Type


Stage II Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Carcinoma Arising in Bladder Diverticulum

A carcinoma arising in a bladder diverticulum. Approximately one-third to half of the cases represent non-invasive, low-grade or high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Approximately half of the invasive carcinomas are urothelial. The rest include adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and small cell carcinomas.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with KAT6A-CREBBP

Acute myeloid leukemia associated with KAT6A-CREBBP gene fusion.


Grade 2 Nail Infection, CTCAE

Oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)


Grade 3 Blood Bilirubin Increased, CTCAE

>3.0-10.0 x ULN if baseline was normal; >3.0-10.0 x baseline if baseline was abnormal


Grade 5 Gallbladder Infection, CTCAE

Death


Grade 5 Typhlitis, CTCAE

Death


Grade 1 Diffuse Follicular Lymphoma

A follicular lymphoma with diffuse pattern characterized by the presence of 5 or less centroblasts per 40 high-power fields.


Stage IV Low Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Unresectable Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Device Complication

Any problem arising from the use of a medical device.


Infusion Site Extravasation, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by leakage of the infusion into the surrounding tissue. Signs and symptoms may include induration, erythema, swelling, burning sensation and marked discomfort at the infusion site.


Grade 3 Purpura, CTCAE

Combined area of lesions covering >30% BSA; spontaneous bleeding


Decreased Concomitant Drug AUC

Decreased area under the plot of plasma concentration of a concomitant drug against time after its administration.


Giant cell and spindle cell carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of giant, pleomorphic cells and spindle cells.


Neonatal Edema, AE

An adverse event in a newborn characterized by accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in cells or intercellular tissues.


Grade 1 Oculomotor Nerve Disorder, CTCAE

Asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated


Hookworm Infections

An infection that is caused by hookworms.


Gallbladder Benign Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

A non-epithelial neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include leiomyoma, lipoma, and neurofibroma.


Borderline Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of glandular or cystic spaces which contain atypical glandular epithelial cells resembling endometrial cells.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Grade 1 Anal Sphincter Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Non-T Non-B CALLA Positive Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A non-T, non-B, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which the lymphoblasts are positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) occurring in adults.


Pathologic Stage IIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2-3, N0, M0. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 5 Colonic Ulcer, CTCAE

Death


Grade 4 Peritoneal Necrosis, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated


Grade 2 Brain Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 2 Salivary Gland Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Non-Neoplastic Corneal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the cornea.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage I site unspecified

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Grade 2 Folliculitis, CTCAE

Covering 10-30% of the body surface area; topical intervention initiated


Vulvar Warty Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of a warty surface and cellular changes that are caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Appendix Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the wall of the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming round solid nests and occasionally glandular structures.  The majority of the cases are asymptomatic, and they are found incidentally in appendectomy specimens.  The majority of the tumors are located in the distal end of the appendix and they are enterochromaffin-cell carcinoid tumors producing serotonin.  Most cases show morphologic evidence of appendiceal wall and lymphatic vessel invasion by tumor cells.  Despite the morphologic evidence of invasion, appendiceal carcinoid tumors only infrequently produce lymph node or distant metastases.


Solid Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from tissues that do not include fluid areas.  Representative examples include epithelial neoplasms (e.g. lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma), and neoplasms arising from the soft tissues and bones (e.g. leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma).  Neoplasms originating from the blood or bone marrow (leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders) are not considered solid tumors.


Grade 3 Large Intestinal Anastomotic Leak, CTCAE

Severe symptoms; invasive intervention indicated


Laboratory Test Result

The outcome of a laboratory test.


Grade 3 Other Dermatology or Skin, CTCAE


Intimal dissection

A dissection of an artery that occurs though a tear in the inner lining of the blood vessel.


Grade 3 Laryngospasm, CTCAE

Recurrent episodes; noninvasive intervention indicated (e.g., breathing technique, pressure point massage)


Advanced Pancreatobiliary Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas, bile ducts, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Testicular Yolk Sac Tumor, Postpubertal-Type

Testicular yolk sac tumor that is associated with germ cell neoplasia in situ and usually occurs as a component of mixed germ cell tumor. Pure postpubertal-type testicular yolk sac tumor is exceedingly rare.


Grade 4 Uterine Fistula, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


Grade 2 Stenosis of Gastrointestinal Stoma, CTCAE

Symptomatic; IV fluids indicated <24 hrs; manual dilation at bedside


Gallbladder Obstruction, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by blockage of the normal flow of the contents of the gallbladder.


Paratesticular Mesothelial Neoplasm

A mesothelial neoplasm that arises from the paratesticular structures. It includes adenomatoid tumor, well differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor, and malignant mesothelioma.


Needle injury

A penetrating stab wound from a needle (or other sharp object) that may result in exposure to blood or other body fluids.


Urethra Obstruction, CTCAE

Blockage of the normal flow of urine in the urethra occurring following a procedure or pharmaceutical intervention.


Tissue Kallikrein Deficiency

A disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue-type kallikrein activity in the tissues and glandular secretions where it is normally present.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v6 classification system.


Alpha trait thalassemia

A condition in which a person has reduced protein production from two of the four alpha-globin alleles.


Fatigue, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by a state of generalized weakness with a pronounced inability to summon sufficient energy to accomplish daily activities.


Grade 5 Peritoneal Cavity Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Grade 2 Lower Extremity Artery Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Glandular Cell Intraepithelial Neoplasia


Lymphedema, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by excessive fluid collection in tissues that causes swelling.


Virus-Related Lymphoma

Lymphoma that is caused by a virus infection.


Grade 2 Wound Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 5 Intraoperative Respiratory Injury, CTCAE

Death


Grade 1 Watering Eyes, CTCAE

Intervention not indicated


Grade 5 Psychosis, CTCAE

Death


Throat and Pharynx and Larynx Pain, CTCAE


Atypical hyperplasia of breast

A general term that refers to atypical hyperplastic proliferations of the epithelial cells in the breast parenchyma.  Examples include atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia.


Grade 5 Rash Acneiform, CTCAE

Death


Grade 3 Spleen Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma

A rare, low-grade sweat gland carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. It usually arises on the eyelids and periorbital skin. It affects mostly older individuals. Women are affected more frequently than men. Morphologically, it is characterized by well-demarcated nodules with cystic, papillary, or cribriform architectural patterns. The neoplastic cells are small to intermediate polygonal to round cells. Small amounts of intracellular or extracellular mucin are present. In some cases, this carcinoma is a precursor of mucinous carcinoma.


Refractory Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

Non-cutaneous melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone

A rare, benign neoplasm usually arising from the non-metaphyseal regions of long bones or pelvis. It is characterized by the presence of fibroblastic spindle cells arranged in a whorled storiform pattern, osteoclast-like giant cells, foam cells, inflammatory cells, hemosiderin deposition and stromal hemorrhage.


Grade 4 Small Intestine Infection, CTCAE


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Intercostal Myofascial Injury

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain secondary to trauma to the connective tissues between the ribs. (ACC/AHA)


Adrenal Gland Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 4 Throat and Pharynx and Larynx Pain, CTCAE


Female sexual arousal disorder

A disorder characterized by a recurrent or persistent inability to attain or maintain until completion of sexual activity an adequate physical response of sexual excitement, consisting of vasocongestion in the pelvis, vaginal lubrication and expansion, and swelling of the external genitalia.


Grade 5 Biliary Tree Stricture or Stenosis, CTCAE


Grade 3 Ventricular Arrhythmia NOS, CTCAE


Spinal Injury Related to Birth

An injury to the spine sustained during the birthing process.


Grade 2 Central Nervous System Hemorrhage, CTCAE


Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Spinal Cord Infarct During Birth

Ischemic necrosis of the spinal cord due to spinal artery occlusion during the birthing process.


Grade 3 Thrush, CTCAE

IV antifungal intervention indicated


Ptosis

A condition in which an organ or body tissue drops or bulges out of place.


Recurrent Childhood Gemistocytic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of gemistocytic astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Grade 3 Cornea Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Metastatic Meningioma

A meningioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Grade 3 Endocrine Disorders - Other, Specify, CTCAE

Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization indicated; limiting self care ADL


Residual schizophrenia

A subtype of schizophrenia in which the individual has suffered an episode of schizophrenia but there are no longer any delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior. Residual symptoms are seen in the form of negative symptoms (such as flat affect or avolition) or attenuated positive symptoms (such as odd beliefs).


Brain and Spinal Cord Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Decreased Time To Concomitant Drug Peak Blood Concentration

Decreased time following concomitant drug administration at which the peak drug blood concentration occurs.


Panniculitis, Peritoneal

A disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the adipose tissues in the peritoneal cavity.


Stage III Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor invades peripancreatic soft tissues or other adjacent organs or structures other than the pancreas.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Grade 3 Platelet Count Decreased, CTCAE

<50,000-25,000/mm3; <50.0-25.0 x 10e9/L


Oral Pain, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in the mouth, tongue or lips.


Chemical conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva in a newborn due to chemical irritation which was acquired postnatally from iatrogenic causes.


Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Polygenic Obesity

Obesity associated with variations in multiple genes.


Grade 3 Salivary Gland Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Grade 4 Biliary Fistula, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


Port Site Infection

An infection at an anatomic location used for vascular access.


Sunstroke

A reaction to prolonged exposure to high temperatures that can result in a failure of the body's temperature control system. It is often characterized by body temperature over 105 degrees, dehydration, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness.


Grade 2 Psychosis Including Hallucinations and Delusions, CTCAE


Acute Radiation Skin Toxicity

Erythema, desquamation, and other cutaneous injury resulting from, and occurring within days or weeks of, radiation exposure.


Stage III Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor directly invades other adjacent organs or structures, e.g., abdominal wall and skeletal muscle.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Delusions, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by false personal beliefs held contrary to reality, despite contradictory evidence and common sense.


Nail Discoloration, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a change in the color of the nail plate.


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-2

A chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of 10-19 percent blasts in the bone marrow and 5-19 percent blasts in the peripheral blood or by the presence of Auer rods regardless of the blasts count.


Grade 3 Spermatic Cord Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Transfusion indicated; invasive intervention indicated; hospitalization


Grade 1 Partial Thromboplastin Time, CTCAE


Grade 4 Conjunctiva Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 5 Death NOS, CTCAE

Death


Grade 5 Pancreatic Anastomotic Leak, CTCAE

Death


Grade 4 Neonatal Diarrhea, AE

A diarrhea adverse event in a newborn characterized by life-threatening consequences (e.g. severe dehydration).


Birth Complication

The development of a problematic medical situation that occurs concurrently with the birth of a neonate.


Grade 2 Diffuse Follicular Lymphoma

A follicular lymphoma with diffuse pattern characterized by the presence of 6-15 centroblasts per 40 high-power fields.


Presyncope Related to COVID-19

Presyncope in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Ann Arbor Stage II AIDS-Related Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Grade 3 Thrombosis or Thrombus or Embolism, CTCAE


Grade 3 Bladder Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Unresectable Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Dissociative Hysteria

A disorder characterized by sudden, unexpected travel away from one's home or place of work accompanied by an inability to recall one's past; the individual is confused about his or her personal identity and may assume a new identity.


Stage IIA Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G2 or G3. T1: Tumor measuring 8 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated, high grade. G3: Poorly differentiated, high grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 4 CD4 Lymphocytes Decreased, CTCAE

<50/mm3; <0.05 x 10e9/L


Proximal Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A gastric adenocarcinoma that arises from the proximal part of the stomach.


Grade 4 Abdomen NOS Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 4 Cranial Nerve Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 2 Bone Marrow Hypocellular, CTCAE

Moderately hypocellular or >25-<50% reduction from normal cellularity for age


Fallopian Tube Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of fallopian tube carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Fistula of gallbladder

An abnormal communication between the gallbladder and another organ or cavity.


Aorticopulmonary Septal Defect

A congenital heart malformation characterised by incomplete separation of the truncus arteriosus and the aorticopulmonary trunk, resulting in communication between the aorta and pulmonary trunk.


Grade 3 Rectal Obstruction, CTCAE

Hospitalization indicated; invasive intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL


Grade 3 Bronchial Fistula, CTCAE

Invasive intervention indicated


Grade 2 Bronchospasm and Wheezing, CTCAE


Grade 2 Brain and Spinal Cord Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Grade 1 Cranial Nerve V Sensory Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 3 Chylous Ascites, CTCAE

Severe symptoms; elective operative intervention indicated


Grade 3 Partial Thromboplastin Time, CTCAE


Eruption cyst of jaw

A variant of dentigerous cyst found in the soft tissues overlying an erupting tooth. (WHO 2017)


Grade 2 Gastric Perforation, CTCAE

Invasive intervention not indicated


High Grade Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A gastric intraepithelial lesion characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells that are cuboidal with a high nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, significant architectural changes, and increased number of mitotic figures.


Grade 5 Kidney Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 3 Retinopathy, CTCAE

Symptomatic with marked decrease in visual acuity (best corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 or more than 3 lines of decreased vision from known baseline, up to 20/200); limiting self care ADL


Localized Edema, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by swelling due to excessive fluid accumulation at a specific anatomic site.


Grade 3 Ovarian Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Transfusion indicated; invasive intervention indicated; hospitalization


Grade 5 Vagina Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Acral Edema

Accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues of the hands and feet.


Early Inflammatory Arthritis

Early stages of inflammatory arthritis, when the underlying diagnosis is uncertain, usually little or no joint damage has occurred. Treatment may alter the disease course (e.g., potentially avert progression to full RA or other diagnosis).


FIGO Grade 3 Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that contains more than 50% non-squamous solid areas.


Acute on chronic systolic heart failure

Acute decompensation of chronic systolic congestive heart failure.


Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Minimal Differentiation

An acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation occurring in adults.


Bladder granuloma

A granuloma that develops in the urinary bladder.


Adverse Event Attributed to Research

An indication that an adverse event is causally related to processes a subject was exposed to during a research study.


Non-Neoplastic Respiratory System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system.  Representative examples include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary failure, tracheitis, and tracheal agenesis.


Metastatic Childhood Malignant Kidney Neoplasm Excluding Renal Cell Carcinoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Protocol

Distant metastases present at diagnosis. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Grade 1 Lipohypertrophy, CTCAE

Asymptomatic and covering <10% BSA


Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, CTCAE


Prostate Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Cribriform Pattern

A prostate ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic large back-to-back glands with slit-like lumens.


Increased Drug Half Life

Increased period of time required for the concentration or amount of drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one-half of a given concentration or amount.


Grade 3 Oral Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 5 Diarrhea, CTCAE

Death


Adult Pineocytoma

A pineocytoma occurring in adults.


Recurrent Neoplastic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of neoplastic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


Grade 5 Vulva Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Uterus Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Incised wound

A wound or cleft resulted from tissue separation into parts or laid open or penetrated with a sharp edge or instrument.


Grade 4 Gallbladder Fistula, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


Hemorrhoids, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by the presence of dilated veins in the rectum and surrounding area.


Unresectable Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Laryngeal Edema, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in the larynx.


Grade 2 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, CTCAE


An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Fallopian Tube Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of fallopian tube cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Grade 1 Intraoperative Hepatobiliary Injury, CTCAE

Primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated


Grade 5 Hallucinations, CTCAE

Death


Adenocarcinoma with spindle cell metaplasia

An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by focal or extensive transformation of the malignant glandular cells to spindle-shaped cells.


Grade 5 Uterus Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Grade 3 Phrenic Nerve Dysfunction, CTCAE


Grade 3 Colitis, CTCAE

Severe abdominal pain; peritoneal signs


Bronchus Obstruction and Stenosis, CTCAE


Grade 5 Eye Infection NOS Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 2 Periodontal Disease, CTCAE

Moderate gingival recession or gingivitis; multiple sites of bleeding on probing; moderate bone loss


Unresectable Cervical Carcinoma

Cervical carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Grade 4 Endophthalmitis, CTCAE

Best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the affected eye


Grade 2 Somnolence and Depressed Level of Consciousness, CTCAE


Small Bowel Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils NOS, CTCAE


Squamous cell carcinoma in situ with questionable stromal invasion

A malignant epithelial neoplasm involving all the layers of the squamous epithelium, but it is not certain if it is confined to the squamous epithelium or it has invaded the basement membrane and the underlying stroma.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the stromal connective tissue of the cervix but not extending beyond the uterus. Does not include endocervical glandular involvement. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adverse Event Associated with Cardiac Arrhythmia


Cancer-related Cognitive Dysfunction

The effects of cancer and its treatments on cognitive processes.


Grade 5 Urinary Tract Infection NOS with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Grade 2 Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Leak, CTCAE

Symptomatic; medical intervention indicated


Grade 4 Biliary Tree Common Hepatic Duct Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Prostate cancer stage D

Metastatic disease.


Polyp of esophagus

A benign intraluminal polypoid neoplasm of the esophagus.  It includes the squamous papilloma and the giant fibrovascular polyp.


Grade 4 Mucosa Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


caprolactams

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a seven-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


colchicine

An  alkaloid that is a carbotricyclic compound comprising 5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalene having four methoxy substituents at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 10-positions as well as an oxo group at the 9-position and an acetamido group at the 7-position. It has been isolated from the plants belonging to genus Colchicum.


isoxazole

A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of  isoxazoles.


nutrient

A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.


enzyme inhibitor

A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.


A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.


dihydroconiferyl alcohol

A member of class of phenols that is 2-methoxyphenol substituted by a 3-hydroxypropyl group at position 4.


benzimidazole

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is a heterocyclic organic compound comprising fused benzene and imidazole rings.


A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.


long-chain primary fatty alcohol

A long-chain fatty alcohol in which the hydroxy group is attached to a methylene (CH2) group.


(R)-cyclopentolate

The (R)-enantiomer of cyclopentolate.


(S)-cyclopentolate

The (S)-enantiomer of cyclopentolate.


eckol

A phlorotannin that is oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy moiety at position 4. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


tetramine

Any polyamine that contains four amino groups.


nucleobase analogue

A molecule that can substitute for a normal nucleobase in nucleic acids.


alpha-L-fructofuranose

A L-fructofuranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


beta-L-fructofuranose

A L-fructofuranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


L-fructofuranose

The L-enantiomer of fructofuranose.


beta-L-fructopyranose

A L-fructopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


L-fructopyranose

The L-enantiomer of fructopyranose.


L-cysteine thioether

Any L-cysteine derivative obtained by conversion of the thiol group into a sulfide.


zinc cation

Any zinc ion that is positively charged.


perianal sebaceous gland

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A holocrine gland that is part of the pilosebaceous unit of a hair located in the area around the anus.


sweat gland

Any of the coil glands of the skin that secrete sweat.


exocrine gland

A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas.


cerumen gland

A specialized sudoriferous gland (sweat glands) located subcutaneously in the external auditory canal.


maltose

A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(1->4)-linkage.


lactose

A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.


D-glucopyranose

A glucopyranose having D-configuration.


D-glucose

A glucose with D-configuration.


quinone

Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).


menaquinone

Any member of the class of menaquinones that is 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with an unsaturated isoprenoid chain at the 3-position.


vitamin K

Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.


A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.


hydroxyanthraquinones

An anthraquinone substituted with one or more hydroxy groups.


prenylquinone

A quinone substituted by a polyprenyl-derived side-chain. Prenylquinones occur in all living cells. Due to their amphiphilic character, they are mainly located in biological membranes where they function as electron and proton carriers in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. Some prenylquinones also perform more specialised roles sucy as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors. Prenylquinones are classified according to ring structure: the main classes are menaquinones, phylloquinones, ubiquinones and plastoquinones.


Any member of the class of benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone or its C-substituted derivatives.


acenoquinone

Quinones containing an acene fused ring system.


ubiquinones

Any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants.


menaquinones

Any prenylnaphthoquinone having a prenyl or polyprenyl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2 on the naphthoquinone ring.


prenylnaphthoquinone

Any napthoquinone that is substituted at position 2 by a prenyl or polyprenyl group. The term also includes compounds that are functionalised on the prenyl or polyprenyl chain (e.g. by a hydroxy group).


An aminoglycoside antibiotic that is (1S,3S)-3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracene having a 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl residue attached at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.


p-quinones

A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located para to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring.


naphthoquinone

A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.


A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring.


benzoquinones

Any quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol, hydroquinone, or their C-substituted derivatives.


hydroxyquinone

Any quinone in which one or more of the carbons making up the quinone moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group.


N-acetylglucosamine

An N-acylglucosamine where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


enol ether

Ethers ROR' where R has a double bond adjacent to the oxygen of the ether linkage.


(R)-bifonazole

A 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole that is the R-enantiomer of bifonazole.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of the ring nitrogen of pyridoxal.


alanine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


iodothyronine

An  iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is  thyronine.


organoiodine compound

An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.


iodoamino acid

An amino acid containing at least one iodo substituent.


benzyl alcohols

Compounds containing a phenylmethanol skeleton.


A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has R configuration while the remaining stereocentre has S configuration.


A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.


ent-butopamine

A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration.


eckstolonol

A phlorotannin that is [1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-a]oxanthrene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6, 9 and 11. Isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera, it exhibits radical scavenging activity.


hemiaminal

Any organic amino compound that has an amino group and a hydroxy group attached to the same carbon atom. Hemiaminals are intermediates in the formation of imines by addition of an amine to an aldehyde or ketone; those derived from primary amines are particularly unstable.


A pyranone based on the structure of 4H-pyran-4-one and its substituted derivatives.


A member of the class of quinolones that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by oxo groups.


Any hydroxyflavanone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3' of the phenyl ring.


hydroxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more hydroxy substituents.


17-oxo steroid

Any  oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.


(R)-ketamine

The R- (less active) enantiomer of ketamine.


cyclopentanones

Any alicyclic ketone that consists of a cyclopentane skeleton substituted by at least one oxo group.


cyclohexenones

Any six-membered alicyclic ketone having one double bond in the ring.


3-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid where an oxo substituent is located at position 3.


Any methoxyflavanone having a methoxy substituent located at position 4'.


cyclohexanones

Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


flavanones

Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid

Any 3-oxo steroid that contains a double bond between positions 1 and 2.


alicyclic ketone

A cyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.


methoxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more methoxy substituents.


A 3-oxo steroid that has alpha configuration at position 5.


Any 3-oxo steroid that has beta- configuration at position 5.


A 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid containing an additional double bond between positions 4 and 5.


3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid

A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


monomethoxyflavanone

Any methoxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a methoxy group.


dihydroxyflavanone

Any  hydroxyflavanone carrying two hydroxy substituents.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.


imide

A dicarboximide that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a p-bromophenyl group.


enamide

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid amide of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)NR(4)R(5) in which the amide C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


cinnamamides

An enamide which is cinnamamide or a derivative of cinnamamide obtained by replacement of one or more of its hydrogens.


acrylamides

An enamide which is acrylamide or a derivative of acrylamide obtained by replacement of one or more of its hydrogens.


(S)-nomifensine

The S enantiomer of nomifensine.


methylbenzene

Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.


hemiacetal

A compound having the general formula RR'C(OH)OR'' (R'' =/= H).


lactol

Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group. They are thus 1-oxacycloalkan-2-ols or unsaturated analogues.


cyclic hemiketal

A hemiacetal  having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.


beta-D-fructopyranose

A D-fructopyranose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


hemiketal

A hemiacetal having the structure RR(1)C(OH)OR(2) (R, R(1), R(2) =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group.


chlorins

Dihydroporphyrin compounds where saturated carbon atoms are located at the nonfused carbon atoms of one of the pyrrole rings.


dihydroporphyrin

A porphyrin compound containing a porphyrin ring with one double bond fewer than in porphyrin itself.


pyridinecarboxamide

A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or N-substituted caraboxamide group.


ent-dextilidine

An ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate that has R configuration at the carbon bearing the phenyl group and S configuration at the carbon bearing the dimethylamino group. It is the enantiomer of dextilidine; the opioid analgesic tilidine is the racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextilidine and ent-dextilidine.


dextilidine

An ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate that has S configuration at the carbon bearing the phenyl group and R configuration at the carbon bearing the dimethylamino group. The opioid analgesic tilidine is the racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextilidine and its enantiomer, ent-dextilidine. A prodrug, tilidine is converted by the liver to the active analgesic, nortilidine; virtually all of the opioid activity resides in the (1S,2R) isomer (i.e. the isomer derived from dextilidine).


maleimides

Compounds containing a cyclic dicarboximide skeleton in which the two carboacyl groups on nitrogen together with the nitrogen itself form a 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione structure.


2-furoate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is 2-furoic acid.


tertiary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a secondary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1)R(2).


catecholamine

4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


noradrenaline

A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.


(S)-adrenaline

The S-enantiomer of adrenaline.


cysteine

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.


hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


hydroxybutyric acid

Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.


tryptophan

An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.


A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate.


aryl dialkyl phosphate

Any aryl phosphate having a single aryl substituent and two alkyl substituents.


purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate

A purine nucleoside monophosphate in which the sugar component is specified as arabinosyl.


adenyl nucleotide

A  nucleotide having adenine as the base.


nucleoside 5'-phosphate

A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-5 of the ribose ring is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphorylated.


O-phosphoserine

A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.


nucleoside phosphate

A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates.


inorganic phosphate salt

A phosphate salt that lacks C-H bonds


thiamine(1+) diphosphate

A thiamine phosphate that is thiamine(1+) in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a diphosphate group. It is the active form of vitamin B1 and an essential cofactor for enzymes in key metabolic pathways.


nucleotide

A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.


phospho sugar

Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.


thiamine(1+) monophosphate

A thiamine phosphate that is thiamin(1+) in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a phosphate group.


phosphate monoester

An organic phosphate that is phosphoric acid in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an organyl group.


thiamine(1+) triphosphate

A thiamine phosphate that is thiamine(1+) in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a triphosphate group. It is found in low amounts in most vertebrate tissues and can phosphorylate certain proteins.


inorganic phosphate

Any  phosphate that contains no carbon atom.


pentose phosphate

Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose.


phospholipid

A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides.


purine nucleotide

Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


Pyridoxine Hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadizole.


pyrazolone

A member of the class of pyrazoles in which one of the carbons of the pyrazole ring is substituted by an oxo group.


tissue

Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.


endocrine gland

Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified].


organism subdivision

Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument.


Skin part

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any component of the organ that constitutes the external surface of the body, including the epidermis, dermis, and skin appendages.


Integumentary system part

Any component of the enveloping membrane of the body, including the epidermis and dermis, and all of the derivatives of the epidermis.


gland

An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ.


organ

Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].


(S)-efonidipine

A 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate that has (S)-configuration. It is a blocker of L- and T-type Ca(2+) channels.


(S)-ethosuximide

The (S)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


thiophenes

Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.


(R)-carbinoxamine

The (R)- (inactive) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


ribonucleoside

Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.


pyranone

Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent.


tetrahydrofuranone

Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.


methylpyridines

Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent.


A member of the class of indazoles that is 2H-indazole substituted by 4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl and aminocarbonyl groups at positions 2 and 7, respectively. It is a potent PARP1 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM.


pyrroline

Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione.


pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside

A pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen.


An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.


thiamine(1+) carboxylic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is thiamine(1+) which carries an oxo group at position 2.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has R configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and S configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


carboxy-PTIO

A mmeber of the class of imidazolines and organic radical that is 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-3lambda(5)-imidazol-1-yl]oxidanyl substituted at position 2 by a 4-carboxyphenyl group.


pyrrolidines

Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring.


(R)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (R)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


(S)-thalidomide

A 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.


(S)-eperisone

A 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-methyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one that has S configuration.


monohydroxypyridine

A hydroxypyridine carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of both nitrogens of pyridoxamine.


oxanes

Any organic heteromonocyclic compoundthat is oxane or its substituted derivatives.


oxolanes

Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton.


(S)-carbinoxamine

The (S)- (active) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


nitenpyram

A C-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine where one of the nitrogens bears ethyl and (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl while the other nitrogen carries a methyl group.


(S)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


(S)-lipoic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. Not found in nature, it may exert detrimental effects on biosystems.


(S)-cycrimine

The (S)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


aminopyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.


(S)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (S)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


Monophosphothiamine

An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.


piperidinemonocarboxylic acid

Any member of the class of piperidines in which one of the carbons of the piperidine ring is substituted by a carboxy group.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


(R)-eperisone

A 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-methyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one that has R configuration.


cyanopyridine

Any pyridine carrying at least one cyano substituent.


pyridines

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


adenosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of adenosine.


dextrobupivacaine

The (R)-(+)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a pyrimidine base.


(R)-paliperidone palmitate

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate that is the (R)-enantiomer of paliperidone palmitate.


(S)-doxapram

The (S)-enantiomer of doxapram.


ropivacaine

The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.


diazoline

A five-membered organic heteromonocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and a double bond.


purine ribonucleoside

A ribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


(R)-toloxatone

The (R)-enantiomer of toloxatone.


AMPK activator PT 1

A member of the class of furans that in which the furan ring is substituted by a (2-amino-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-5(4H)-ylidene)methyl group at position 2 and a 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl group at position 5, and i which the amino substituent of the thiazolone has been substituted by a 3-carboxy-4-chlorophenyl group. It is a direct activator of the alpha-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, AMPK).


(R)-omeprazole

A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has R configuration at the sulfur atom.


(R)-efonidipine

A 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate that has (R)-configuration. It is a selective blocker of T-type Ca(2+) channels.


aminopyrimidine

A member of the class of  pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.


streptonigrin

Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus or S. rufochronmogenus. It is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia.


pyrimidone

A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents.


pyrimidines

Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.


thiazole

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.


(S)-paliperidone palmitate

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate that is the (S)-enantiomer of paliperidone palmitate.


imidazoline

An imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.


purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


Any pyridone that is pyridin-4-one or its derivatives by substitution of one of more of the hydrogens.


nitrofuran antibiotic

A member of the class of furans in which the furan ring is substituted by a nitro group and which also has significant antibiotic properties.


pyrimidine antifungal agent

A member of the class of pyrimidines that has significant antifungal properties.


(R)-lipoic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.


hydroxypyridone antifungal drug

Any pyridone which is substituted on the nitrogen by a hydroxy group and which has been used as an antifungal drug.


Pyridoxamine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. It is the inactive enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.


fominoben

Any compound containing morpholine as part of its structure.


timolol

1,2,5-Thiadiazole substituted at the 3 position by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group and at the 4 position by a morpholin-4-yl group. The (S)-(-) enantiomer, also known as timolol, is a beta-adrenergic antagonist and is used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.


(R)-chlormezanone

The (R)-enantiomer of chlormezanone.


chloropyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine nucleus substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.


pyridinemonocarboxylic acid

A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring.


(S)-iclaprim

A 5-[(2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine in which the chiral centre has S configuration.


furans

Compounds containing at least one furan ring.


Pyridoxal hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxal with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


thiamine(1+) aldehyde

A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is thiamine(1+) in which the 2-hydroxyethyl group has been replaced by a 2-oxoethyl group.


(R)-doxapram

The (R)-enantiomer of doxapram.


hydroxymethylpyridine

Any member of the class of  pyridines carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at unspecified position.


(R)-ethosuximide

The (R)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


purine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a purine base.


Thiamine hydrochloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of thiamine hydrochloride.


hydroxypyridine

Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.


Thiamine Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


dihydrofuran

Compounds containing a mono-unsaturated furan ring skeleton.


A pyrrolidinone in which the oxo group is at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.


The (5R)-enantiomer of zopiclone.


(S)-toloxatone

The (S)-enantiomer of toloxatone.


(R)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has S configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and R configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


proline

An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.


purines D-ribonucleoside

A purine ribonucleoside that is a purine derivative attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


4-pyridoxic acid

A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.


pyrimidine antifungal drug

Any pyrimidine antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


A member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group.


diazines

Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).


prolinols

The class of all compounds which contain a prolinol skeleton.


(R)-cycrimine

The (R)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


barbiturates

Members of the class of pyrimidones consisting of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (barbituric acid) and its derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure.


Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


hydroxypyrazine

Any piperazine carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


(R)-amlodipine

The (4R)-enantiomer of amlodipine.


monochloropyridine

A chloropyridine in which only one chlorine is attached to the pyridine ring.


long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a long-chain fatty acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.


organic oxo compound

Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.


beta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group.


(R)-acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


(S)-lactic acid

An optically active form of lactic acid having (S)-configuration.


(-)-trans-permethrin

trans-Permethrin with configuration 1S,3R.


branched-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids.


oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group.


macrolide

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide.


avermectin analogue

A macrolide whose structure is related to that of an avermectin.


aromatic ketone

A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring.


N-acylglycine

An N-acyl-amino acid in which amino acid specified is glycine.


pyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class.


thioacetate ester

A compound of general formula CH3C(=O)SR where R is an organyl group.


2-methoxyethyl ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between a carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-methoxyethanol. In contrast to many other water-solubilising esters, the 2-methoxyethyl esters of many amino acids are crystalline, allowing them to be easily purified.


long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at position 3 by a formyl group.


hydroxy-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid bearing one or more hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


mesotrione

An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


(S)-prasugrel

An 5-[2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl acetate that is the (S)-enantiomer of prasugrel (the racemate is a cardiovascular drug).


enone

An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


(R)-climbazole

The (R)-enantiomer of 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one.


polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.


heterocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of atoms including at least one heteroatom.


methionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.


glutamine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.


A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


fatty acid

Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.


nitrogen-containing fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing nitrogen as either a substituent or a replacement for a methylene carbon.


(R)-bambuterol

The (R)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


oxo carboxylic acid

Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.


3-methoxyanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of kynurenine.


succinate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the esterification of one or both of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. (Succinate ester in which only one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid has been esterified are known as hemisuccinates.)


pivalate ester

A carboxylic ester of pivalic acid.


glutamic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.


cyclitol nicotinate

A cyclitol ester that is any cyclitol in which at least one hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a nitotinoyl group.


2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


decanoate ester

A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of decanoic acid (capric acid) with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


aromatic carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.


ketone

A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).


octadec-9-enoic acid

An octadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9.


N-acyl-L-amino acid

Any N-acylamino acid having L-configuration.


(S)-bambuterol

The (S)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


heteroarenecarbaldehyde

An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene.


glutamine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.


2-hydroxylaminobenzoic acid

An  aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substutited by a hydroxyamino group at position 2.


(R)-bopindolol

A 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate that has R-configuration.


sulfur-containing carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent.


polyunsaturated fatty ester

Any fatty acid ester resulting from the formal esterification of the carboxy group of a polyunsaturated fatty acid.


aldehyde

A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.


unsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond.


7-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 7.


D-isoleucine

The D-enantiomer of isoleucine.


4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid which has a hydroxy group located gamma to the carboxy group.


naphthoic acid

An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.


citrulline

The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.


histidine

An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.


(S)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has S configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group beta to the carboxy group.


L-valyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that has L-valine as the amino acid component.


20-oxo steroid

An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20.


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


2-hydroxy-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid

A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy and carboxy groups respectively.


dopa

A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.


non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid

Any  alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


fluoroamino acid

An organofluorine compound that consists of an amino acid substituted by a fluoro group.


onosmin A

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a 4-methylbenzyl group. Isolated from Onosma hispida, it exhibits inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase.


(S)-climbazole

The (S)-enantiomer of 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one.


anthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.


diamino acid

Any amino acid carrying two amino groups.


A non-proteinognic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-fluoro-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl group.


carbamate fungicide

Compounds that contain a carbamate ester moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


tricarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing three carboxy groups.


dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives

A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.


N-acyl-D-phenylalanine

Any N-acyl-D-amino acid obtained by the formal N-acylation of D-phenylalanine.


macrocyclic lactone

Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule.


secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing one hydrogen and one organyl group. Secondary alpha-hydroxy ketones are also known as acyloins, and are formally derived from reductive coupling of two carboxylic acid groups.


delta-lactone

A lactone having a six-membered lactone ring.


docosahexaenoic acid

Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.


4-amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid

4-Aminobenzoic acid in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine.


beta-diketone

A diketone in which the two keto groups are separated by a single carbon atom.


alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester

A carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)OR(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


benzoate ester

Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids.


(R)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has R configuration. Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.


chlorocarboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.


tetracarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing four carboxy groups.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (i.e. phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). A closed class.


acetate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


methyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.


hexadecanoate ester

A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


formate ester

An ester of formic acid.


aromatic amino acid

An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.


leucine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.


alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone

A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.


nystatins

A class of polyene antifungal antibiotics produced by Streptomyces noursei, and other Streptomyces species.


L-alanyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-alanine with an alcohol.


trans-permethrin

Permithrin in which the 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and the carboxylate ester group are in a trans-configuration.


carboxylic anhydride

Anhydrides derived from carboxylic acids.


methyl ketone

A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).


2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid

A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


thia fatty acid

Any fatty acid having at least one of the chain methylene groups replaced by sulfur. Members of this group are believed to have important pharmacological (antioxidant and antiatherosclerosis) properties.


polar amino acid

Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.


carbocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of carbon atoms.


4-nitroanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid with a nitro substituent at position 4.


cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride

An acid anhydride derived by loss of water between two carboxylic groups in the same molecule so as to close a ring.


dodecanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is lauric acid.


monocarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.


trienoic fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds.


quinic acid

A cyclitol carboxylic acid.


cyclitol ester

A carboxylic ester that is any cyclitol in which at least one hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by an acyl group.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


fatty acid 22:6

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 6 double bonds.


dicarboxylic acid monoester

A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid.


ornithine

An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.


aspartate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class.


An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid substituted at position 5 by a (1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl group.


diketone

A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.


epsilon-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position epsilon to the carboxy group.


N-acyl-L-glutamic acid

Any optically active N-acylglutamic acid having L-configuration.


amino acid

A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.


haloamino acid

Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group.


non-proteinogenic amino acid

Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.


C4-dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.


quinolinemonocarboxylic acid

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent.


glycinyl ester

An alpha-amino acid ester in which the amnio acid component is glycine.


A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid

A member of the class of chlorobenzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the ring hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by amino and chloro groups, respectively.


beta-amino acid ester

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a beta-amino acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl ester


lysine

A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.


tert-butyl ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with tert-butanol.


phenyl acetates

An acetate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of any phenol.


ethyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol.


oxyketone

A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.


11-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid that has an oxo substituent at position 11.


(R)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has R configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


sterol ester

A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol.


L-alpha-amino acid

Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.


tyrosine

An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.


A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond.


alpha-oxyketone

An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.


4-hydroxybenzoate ester

A benzoate ester that is an ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.


fenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of  anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.


dicarboxylic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing two carboxy groups.


3-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group.


thioester

A compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'. Compare with thionoester, RC(=S)OR'.


BranchAmin

Any  amino acid  in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents


fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with ethanol.


3-aminobenzoic acid

An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.


isopropyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of propan-2-ol.


hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


(R)-carisoprodol

The (R)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


chlorogenic acid

A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin.


sulfanylbenzoic acid

A benzoic acid carrying at least one sulfanyl substituent.


N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


butyrate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is butyric acid.


tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.


alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.


arginine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.


phenylacetic acids

Any monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid or its substituted derivatives.


N-acetyl-L-amino acid

An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent.


amino acid ester

Any  carboxylic ester derivative of an amino acid.


A C21-steroid that is  pregnane substituted by an oxo group at position 20 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


cinnamic acids

Any alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


penicillamine

An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.


serine

An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.


triketone

A compound that contains three ketone functionalities.


cyclopropanecarboxylate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol with the carboxy group of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or its substituted derivatives.


dihydrochalcones

Any ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropanone and its derivatives obtained by substitution.


alpha-amino acid ester

The amino acid ester derivative obtained the formal condensation of an alpha-amino acid with an alcohol.


(R)-warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (R)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


cardiac glycoside

Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.


carboxylic ester

An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.


steroid aldehyde

Any steroid substituted by a formyl group.


phosphonoacetic acid

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.


octadecenoic acid

Any member of the group of C18 monounsaturated fatty acids with the double bond located at any position in the chain.


retinyl palmitate

A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.


N-acetyltyrosine

An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.


propanoate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is  propionic acid.


The 5beta-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxypregnan-20-one.


olefinic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond.


essential fatty acid

Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement.


4-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy substituent gamma to a carboxy group.


dicarboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.


(S)-acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


beta-triketone

A triketone in which the each ketone functionality is located beta- to the other two.


heptanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester where the carboxylic acid component is heptanoic (also known as enanthic) acid.


delta-amino acid ester

Any ester of a delta-amino acid.


N-acetyl-amino acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group.


macrolide lactam

A macrolide in which the macrocyclic lactone ring includes an amide group.


N-acyl-amino acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid.


valine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.


indole-3-acetic acids

An  indol-3-yl carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid specified is acetic acid.


aspartic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent


gamma-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group.


dihalogenated L-tyrosine

An L-tyrosine derivative which has two halogeno-substituents on the benzyl moiety.


alpha-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.


(S)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has S configuration.  Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


An aldonolactone obtained by formal oxidation of the anomeric position of any aldopyranose.


hydroxybenzophenone

Any benzophenone into which is substituted one or more hydroxy groups.


macrolide antibiotic

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.


(S)-carisoprodol

The (S)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


omega-6 fatty acid

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


A deuterated compound that is is an isotopologue of glycine in which all five hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.


alkyl caffeate ester

A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of caffeic acid with any alkyl alcohol.


5-nitroanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid in which the the amino group is ortho- to the carboxylic acid group, and which is substituted para- to the amino group by a nitro group.


A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda(5)-quinolin-4-one carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 3.


cyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing anywhere in its structure a ring of atoms.


uvaretin

A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is 1,3-diphenylpropan-1-one in which the phenyl group that is bonded to the carbonyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4, an o-hydroxybenzyl group at position 3, and a methoxy group at position 6. A cytotoxic natural product found  particularly in Uvaria acuminata and Uvaria chamae.


carboxybiphenyl

Any member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more carboxy groups attached to the biphenyl skeleton.


ynone

An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C#C triple bond at the alpha,beta position.


acetophenones

A class or aromatic ketone consisting of acetophenone, PhC(=O)CH3, and its substituted derivatives.


hydroxytryptophan

A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.


monounsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment.


N-acyl-D-amino acid

Any N-acyl-amino acid in which the amino acid moiety has D configuration.


(R)-lactic acid

An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.


(R)-mandelic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of mandelic acid.


chlorobenzoic acid

Any member of the class of benzoic acids in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one chloro group.


erythromycin

Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).


enoate ester

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


fatty acid 20:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 5 double bonds.


medium-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.