Stage IA Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage IA includes: T1 or T2, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm, but not more than 5 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Uterine Corpus Malignant PEComa

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A malignant neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation arising from the uterine corpus. The neoplasm is usually a large size, and charcaterized by the presence of marked nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, increased mitotic activity, necrosis, and infiltrative margins.  The most common metastatic sites are lungs, lymph nodes, and bone. Patients present with a pelvic mass or abnormal bleeding.


Stage IV Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor invading bladder or rectum. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (excluding adnexa, pelvic, and abdominal tissues). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Benign Pilar-Associated Mesenchyme Neoplasm

A mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the pilar sheath of the hair follicle. It is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include fibrofolliculoma, perifollicular fibroma, pilar leiomyoma, and trichogenic myxoma.


Seminal Vesicle Mammary-Type Myofibroblastoma

An extramammary myofibroblastoma that affects the seminal vesicle.


Stage I Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor limited to the uterus.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Malignant Cervical Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the cervix.


Skin Intermediate Fibrohistiocytic Neoplasm

A borderline fibrohistiocytic neoplasm arising from the dermis and extending to the subcutaneous tissues.


Digestive System Sarcoma

A sarcoma that arises from the digestive system.


Stage III Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC (T1-T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor limited to the uterus. T2: Tumor extends beyond the uterus, within the pelvis.  T3: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues.  T3a: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues, one side. T3b: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues, more than one side.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Peritoneal Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor

A desmoplastic small round cell tumor that occurs in the abdominal and/or pelvic peritoneum.


Stage II Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T1a, N0, M0, G2, G3); (T1b, N0, M0, G2, G3); IIB (T2a, N0, M0, G2); (T2b, N0, M0, G2).  T1a: Superficial tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1b: Deep tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a: Superficial tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T2b: Deep tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G2: Grade 2.  G3: Grade 3. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intermediate Fibroblastic Neoplasm

A locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the soft tissues.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle-shaped fibroblasts.


Gastric Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma arising from the stomach.


Bladder Malignant PEComa

A malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor arising from the bladder.


Leiomyoma, Epithelioid

A benign or malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor with epithelioid morphology.


Giant Cell Angioblastoma

A rare, slow-growing, locally aggressive soft tissue tumor characterized by the presence of oval to spindle cells forming concentric aggregates around small vessels.  Giant multinucleated cells are also present.


Undifferentiated Sarcoma, Not Otherwise Specified

An undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma which cannot be further characterized.


Stage IB Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: For leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma: tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  For adenosarcoma: tumor invades to less than half of the myometrium.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Vulvar Superficial Myofibroblastoma

An uncommon benign polypoid or nodular mesenchymal neoplasm that arises in the vulvar region. It is characterized by the presence of oval or spindle-shaped cells in a collagenous stroma and is separated from the epidermis by a variably thick Grenz zone.


AIDS-Related Cervical Kaposi Sarcoma

A Kaposi sarcoma arising from the cervix in patients who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.


Laryngeal Granular Cell Tumor

A granular cell tumor that arises from the larynx.


Childhood EWSR1-SMAD3-Positive Fibroblastic Tumor

An EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumor that occurs during childhood.


Breast Angiolipoma

An angiolipoma that arises from the breast. The majority are located in the subcutaneous tissue overlying the breast parenchyma, rather than in breast parenchyma.


Stage IIIA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues, one side. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Skin Spindle Cell/Pleomorphic Lipoma

A spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma arising from the skin.


Central Nervous System Angiolipoma

An angiolipoma that arises from the central nervous system.


Malignant Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Sclerosing PEComa

A tumor with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation characterized by the presence of cords of neoplastic cells in a densely collagenous stroma.


Epithelioid Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

An epithelioid sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


Bladder Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the bladder. Most tumors are benign.


Uterine Corpus Central Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

A rare uterine corpus malignant small round cell tumor with neuroglial differentiation. The prognosis is poor.


Undifferentiated Stromal Sarcoma

An infiltrating high grade mesenchymal tumor arising from the uterine corpus, cervix, vagina, and the ovary.


EBV-Positive Inflammatory Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Digestive System

EBV-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell/fibroblastic reticular cell tumor that arises from the digestive system.


Gastric and Omental Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gastric and omental gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Mixed Cell Type Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor composed of a mixture of neoplastic epithelioid and spindle cells.


Conventional Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma

A well differentiated extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.


Skin Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well Differentiated Liposarcoma

A rare atypical lipomatous tumor/well differentiated liposarcoma arising from the skin.


Myxoid leiomyoma

A leiomyoma characterized by the presence of abundant myxoid matrix.


Hemangioendothelioma of skin

A vascular proliferation arising from the skin.  It is characterized by the presence of prominent endothelial cells and formation of vascular channels.


Malignant Laryngeal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Degeneration of uterine fibroid

A morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma characterized by the presence of hyalinized or myxoid stroma, edema, cystic changes, hemorrhage, and calcifications.


Undifferentiated Epithelioid Sarcoma

An undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with epithelioid morphology.


Stage IV Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system does not apply to pediatric GIST, familial GIST (germline mutant KIT or PDGFRA), or syndromic GIST (no AJCC staging system available). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Small Intestinal, Esophageal, Colorectal, Mesenteric, and Peritoneal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T2, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate); (T3, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate); (T4, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate). T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but not more than 10 cm. T4: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. High Mitotic Rate: Over 5 mitoses per 5 square millimeters, or per 50 HPF. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Vulvar Angiomyofibroblastoma

An angiomyofibroblastoma arising from the vulva.


A morphologic variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by the presence of poorly differentiated sarcomatous components.


Vaginal Low Grade Endometrioid Stromal Sarcoma

An infiltrating sarcoma that arises from the vagina.  It is characterized by the presence of cells that resemble endometrial stromal cells.


Fallopian Tube Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the fallopian tube.  Representative examples include leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.


Childhood NTRK-Rearranged Spindle Cell Neoplasm

An NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIA Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T2, N0, M0, G2, G3. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm and less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 4 or 5. G3: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 6, 7, or 8. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bladder Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the bladder.


Superficial angiomyxoma

An angiomyxoma arising from the dermis or subcutaneous tissues.  It may recur following resection.


Stage III Gastric and Omental Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate). T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but not more than 10 cm. T4: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. High Mitotic Rate: Over 5 mitoses per 5 square millimeters, or per 50 HPF. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Resectable Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Epithelioid sarcoma non-metastatic

Epithelioid sarcoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Desmoplastic fibroblastoma

A rare benign soft tissue neoplasm characterized by the presence of an abundant collagenous or myxocollagenous matrix, spindle-shaped, and stellate-shaped fibroblasts.  It usually presents as an asymptomatic, slowly growing subcutaneous mass. The most common sites of involvement are the upper arm, shoulder, and lower limb.


Uterine Corpus Leiomyoma, Mitotically Active Variant

A morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma characterized by an increased number of mitoses (up to 19 mitoses per 10 high-powered fields).


Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Recurrent Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma

The reemergence of soft tissue sarcoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Lacrimal Gland Myoepithelial Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate exhibiting myoepithelial differentiation.


Optic Nerve Sheath Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A rare solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the optic nerve sheath.


Metastatic Malignant PEComa

A malignant PEComa that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IA Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor limited to the uterus, measuring 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Central Nervous System Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

A multinodular intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm affecting the central nervous system.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.


An extramammary myofibroblastoma that arises from the paratesticular region.


Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities

A soft tissue sarcoma that arises from the trunk or the extremities.


Stage II Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage II includes: (T1, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T2, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T4, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm, but not more than 5 cm, in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor

The reemergence of desmoplastic small round cell tumor after a period of remission.


Stromal Neoplasm

A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of stromal cells.  Representative examples include gastrointestinal stromal tumor, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and prostate stromal sarcoma.


NTRK-Rearranged Spindle Cell Neoplasm

An emerging rare group of soft tissue tumors, usually characterized by a monomorphic spindle cell infiltrate, stromal hyalinization, and frequent coexpression of S100 and CD34 by immunohistochemistry. Most tumors harbor NTRK1 fusions with a variety of partners. Rare cases involving NTRK2 and NTRK3 fusions have also been reported.


Classic Type Atypical Fibroxanthoma

A morphologic variant of atypical fibroxanthoma characterized by the presence of atypical mitotic figures, high mitotic activity, and pleomorphic cells.


Conjunctival Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that arises from the conjunctiva.


Fibromatosis, Abdominal

An insidious poorly circumscribed neoplasm arising from the deep soft tissues of the abdomen. It is characterized by the presence of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation, and an infiltrative growth pattern.


Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation

A benign,intermediate, or malignant soft tissue neoplasm in which the line of differentiation is uncertain. Representative examples include neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation, alveolar soft part sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, epithelioid sarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


Benign Gastric Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include leiomyoma, lipoma, and hemangioma.


Stage IV Small Intestinal, Esophageal, Colorectal, Mesenteric, and Peritoneal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (Any T, N1, M0, Any Mitotic Rate); (Any T, Any N, M1, Any Mitotic Rate). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Vulvar Prepubertal Fibroma

A rare, benign mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the vulvar region, usually the labia majora of prepubertal girls. It presents as a slow-growing, unilateral painless mass. It is characterized by an infiltrative growth of bland spindle cells in a collagenous, edematous, or myxoid stroma. It may recur following incomplete excision.


Prostate Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

A rare inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor that arises from the prostate gland.


Locally Invasive Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis

Desmoid-type fibromatosis that has invaded the surrounding tissues.


Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma

A benign fibroblastic neoplasm that arises from acral sites, usually the periungual area of the digits.  It is characterized by the proliferation of spindled and stellate-shaped fibroblasts in the dermis in a myxoid or collagenous stroma.  Nuclear atypia is usually minimal.  It usually presents as a solitary and slow-growing dome-shaped mass on a digit. The recurrence rate is low.


Paratesticular Cellular Angiofibroma

A cellular angiofibroma that arises from the paratesticular region.


Stage IIIB Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3, T4, N0, M0, G2, G3. T3: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm and less than or equal to 15 cm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor measuring more than 15 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 4 or 5. G3: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 6, 7, or 8. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with myoid differentiation

A morphologic variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by the presence of areas of myofibroblastic differentiation.


Advanced Malignant PEComa

A malignant PEComa that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IB Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T2, T3, T4, N0, M0, G1, GX. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm and less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm and less than or equal to 15 cm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor measuring more than 15 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G1: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 2 or 3. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pulmonary Artery Angiosarcoma

A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the pulmonary artery.


Appendix Kaposi Sarcoma

A rare Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the appendiceal wall.


Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

The reemergence of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor after a period of remission.


Breast Atypical Myoepitheliosis

A neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells in and around small breast ducts exhibiting cytologic atypia and mitotic activity.


Angiosarcoma of the Skin of the Arm after Radical Mastectomy followed by Lymphedema

An angiosarcoma arising from the skin of the arm following radical mastectomy and resulting lymphedema.


Stage I Childhood Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Any T, N0, M0, G1 or GX. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Vaginal Deep (Aggressive) Angiomyxoma

A locally infiltrating, non-metastasizing vaginal angiomyxoma.  It may recur following resection.


Malignant Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation

A malignant soft tissue neoplasm in which the line of differentiation is uncertain.


Skin Myoepithelioma

A benign skin neoplasm composed exclusively of myoepithelial cells.


Intermediate Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the sinonasal tract and is characterized by an increased risk of local recurrence and/or a low risk of metastasis.


Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the stomach.  It is characterized by a maximum diameter greater than 5 cm and equal or less than 10 cm and no more than 5 mitotic figures per 50 high power fields.


Vulvar Superficial Angiomyxoma

A vulvar angiomyxoma arising from the dermis or subcutaneous tissues. It may recur following resection.


A rare variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by plaque-like growth, resembling plaque-like CD34-positive dermal fibroma.


Prostate Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A rare malignant solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the prostate gland.


Hepatobiliary Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the hepatobiliary system.


Thyroid Gland Leiomyoma

A leiomyoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Atypical fibroxanthoma of skin

An intermediate cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain differentiation, usually affecting the actinic-damaged skin of the elderly.  The tumor presents as a single cutaneous nodule which is often ulcerated.  Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of highly atypical cytologic features, pleomorphism and abundant mitotic figures. The vast majority of patients have an excellent prognosis following conservative therapy. Recurrences are infrequent, and metastasis is rare.


Skin Fibrous Histiocytoma, Fibroblastic Variant

A morphologic variant of fibrous histiocytoma of the skin. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibrohistiocytic cells and associated acanthosis.


Soft Tissue Sarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of soft tissue sarcoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Intracranial Fibrous Histiocytoma

A benign fibrous histiocytoma involving the dura or cranial bone.


Intracranial lipoma

A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm located in the intracranial region. It is a congenital hamartomatous malformation derived from the embryologic meninx primitiva.


Kaposi Sarcoma Related to Immunosuppressive Treatment

A Kaposi sarcoma that develops after immunosuppressive treatment.


Digestive System Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

A multinodular intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the digestive system. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.


Pelvic Fibromatosis

Fibromatosis that occurs in the pelvis. It affects almost always females. It is characterized by the presence of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation, and an infiltrative growth pattern. It recurs if incompletely resected but lacks metastatic potential.


Paratesticular Schwannoma

A schwannoma that arises from the paratesticular region.


Stage IIIC Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: T1-T3, N1, M0.  T1: Tumor limited to the uterus. T2: Tumor extends beyond the uterus, within the pelvis.  T3: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Uterine Angiosarcoma

A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the uterus.


Stage III Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: T3a, N0, M0; IIIB: T3b, N0, M0; IIIC: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor limited to the uterus. T2: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. T3: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues. T3a: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at one site. T3b: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at more than one site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IVA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor involves bladder or rectum.  M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Gastric sarcoma

A sarcoma that arises from the stomach. Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma.


Recurrent Skin Angiosarcoma

The reemergence of skin angiosarcoma after a period of remission.


Intermediate Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation

A soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain differentiation which is locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes.


Uterine Corpus Sarcoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of uterine corpus sarcoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to leiomyosarcomas, endometrial stromal sarcomas, and adenosarcomas of the uterine corpus. It does not apply to carcinosarcomas which are staged according to the carcinomas and carcinosarcomas of the uterine corpus. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Cervical Low Grade Endometrioid Stromal Sarcoma

A very rare sarcoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of cells that resemble endometrial stromal cells.


Kaposi Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

A Kaposi sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


Lipofibromatosis

A rare, slow-growing, painless tumor of infancy and early childhood that usually affects the distal extremities. It is characterized by the presence of alternating bands of mature adipose tissue and spindle-cell fibrous tissue, without destruction of the adipose tissue architecture. It does not metastasize, however the rate of local recurrences is high.


Malignant vascular tumor of skin

A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from blood vessels and lymphatics of the skin.


EWSR1-SMAD3-Positive Fibroblastic Tumor

A benign fibroblastic neoplasm characterized by a fusion of exon 7 of EWSR1 gene with exon 5 of SMAD3 gene. Patients usually present with a small painless superficial tumor in the hands and feet. Morphologically, there is zonation with acellular hyalinized center and peripheral proliferation of fibroblastic spindle cells without atypia. It may recur following incomplete excision.


Unresectable Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T2, N0, M0, G2, G3); IIIB: (T3, T4, N0, M0, G2, G3). T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm and less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm and less than or equal to 15 cm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor measuring more than 15 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 4 or 5. G3: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 6, 7, or 8. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Atypical Ductal Breast Hyperplasia

A neoplastic process that arises from the terminal ductal lobular unit of the breast parenchyma.  It is usually solitary and confined to a single lobular unit.  It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic epithelial proliferation in a cribriform, micropapillary, or solid growth pattern.  Focal architectural features of low grade ductal carcinoma in situ are present.  There is an increased risk for development of invasive breast carcinoma.


Grade 3 Pleura Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE

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Skin Breakdown or Decubitus Ulcer, CTCAE


Grade 2 Skin Breakdown or Decubitus Ulcer, CTCAE


Grade 4 Skin Breakdown or Decubitus Ulcer, CTCAE


Grade 5 Skin Breakdown or Decubitus Ulcer, CTCAE


Prostate Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An exceptionally rare neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Postpartum Obstetric Thromboembolism

Presence of a blood clot in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the postpartum period.


Early T Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Not Otherwise Specified

Early T precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which further genetic/molecular characterization is not available.


Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF.


Grade 1 Intraoperative Renal Injury, CTCAE

Primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated


Osteolytic Lesions of Multiple Myeloma

A radiologic finding indicating the presence of multiple radiolucent osteolytic bone lesions observed in a patient with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma.


Solitary Lytic Metastatic Bone Lesion

A radiologic finding indicating the presence of solitary area of bone destruction that results from the spread of cancer to the bone(s).


glucose

An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.


Laryngeal Fistula

An abnormal communication between the larynx and another organ or cavity.


Pharyngocutaneous fistula

An abnormal communication between the skin and the pharynx.


Salivary Gland Fistula

An abnormal communication between a salivary gland and another organ or anatomic site.


External Auditory Canal Fistula

An abnormal communication between the external auditory canal and the adjacent tissues.


Grade 5 Oral Cavity or Gum Infection Documented Clinically or Microbiologically with Grade 3 or 4 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Locally Advanced Liposarcoma

A liposarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Liposarcoma metastatic

A liposarcoma that has metastasized to a secondary site.


Metastatic Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Advanced Myxoid Liposarcoma

A myxoid liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Myxoid liposarcoma metastatic

Myxoid liposarcoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


Advanced Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

A dedifferentiated liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Locally Advanced Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Liposarcoma

A liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Recurrent Multinodular and Vacuolated Neuronal Tumor

The reemergence of multinodular and vacuolated neuronal tumor following a period of remission.


Adult Multinodular and Vacuolated Neuronal Tumor

A multinodular and vacuolated neuronal tumor that occurs in adults.


Grade 5 Ovarian Infection, CTCAE

Death


Stage IV Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 5 Mucosal Infection, CTCAE

Death


Cleft Maxilla

A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the upper jawbone.


Fallopian Tube Lymphoma

An exceedingly rare lymphoma that arises from the fallopian tube.


Grade 3 Lower Extremity Vein Injury, CTCAE


Grade 4 Lower Extremity Vein Injury, CTCAE


Grade 2 Lower Extremity Vein Injury, CTCAE


Grade 1 Lower Extremity Vein Injury, CTCAE


Grade 5 Lower Extremity Vein Injury, CTCAE


Gastric melanoma

A melanoma that arises from mucosa of the stomach.


(R)-bromazine

The (R)-enantiomer of bromazine.


Grade 2 Oral Cavity or Gum Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Oral Cavity or Gum Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 5 Oral Cavity or Gum Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 4 Oral Cavity or Gum Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


Grade 3 Oral Cavity or Gum Infection with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


straight-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain.


linolenic acid

A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.


octadecadienoic acid

Any straight-chain, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds.


trans-undec-2-enoic acid

A 2-undecenoic acid in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration.


octadecatrienoic acid

Any trienoic fatty acid having eighteen carbons.


(5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid

The (5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-isomer of icosapentaenoic acid.


2-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 2-position.


cis-9-undecenoic acid

The cis-isomer of 9-undecenoic acid.


9-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 9-position.


8-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 8-position.


trans-9-undecenoic acid

The trans-isomer of 9-undecenoic acid.


Head and Neck Disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region.  This category includes inflammatory disorders, benign neoplasms, precancerous conditions, and malignant neoplasms.


Thyroid Gland Lipoadenoma

A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicular structures and mature adipocytes.


Nasopharyngeal Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the nasopharynx and nose.  Epistaxis or nasal obstruction are common presenting symptoms.


Follicular ameloblastoma

A histologic variant of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelial islands in a fibrotic stroma.


Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm of Salivary Gland

The reemergence of a malignant salivary gland neoplasm after a period of remission.


Skull Base Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the base of the skull.


Malignant odontogenic tumor

A sarcoma that arises from tooth-forming tissues.


Salivary Gland Lipoma

A lipoma that arises from a salivary gland. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


Sellar Neurocytoma

A rare extraventricular neurocytoma (WHO grade 2) of the hypothalamic-pituitary area. (WHO 2017)


Squamous odontogenic tumor

A rare, locally invasive neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually grows intraosseously in the mandible. The maxilla is less frequently involved. It is characterized by the presence of well differentiated squamous cells which form islands. Recurrences may rarely occur and probably are related to incomplete excision of the tumor.


Parotid Gland Hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the parotid gland.


Malignant Ameloblastoma

A rare, well differentiated, cytologically benign ameloblastoma which paradoxically metastasizes.


Sellar Choriocarcinoma

A choriocarcinoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Oral Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process affecting the oral mucosa. It is characterized by the presence of dysplasia in the mucosal epithelium.


Thyroid Gland Follicular Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

An encapsulated or well-circumscribed thyroid gland tumor composed of well-differentiated follicular cells with no nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma and with questionable capsular or vascular invasion. This is a tumor indeterminate between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. (WHO)


Non-Neoplastic Laryngeal Disorder

A non-neoplastic pathologic process that affects the larynx.  Representative examples include laryngitis, vocal cord nodule, and laryngeal cleft.


Advanced Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Sellar Yolk Sac Tumor

A yolk sac tumor that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Head and Neck Precancerous Condition

A premalignant pathologic process that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck.  Representative examples include oral leukoplakia and leukoplakia of the vocal cords.


Nontoxic diffuse goiter

A diffuse goiter that is not associated with changes in thyroid function or malignancy.


Non-Neoplastic Oral Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the oral cavity or the lips.


Minor Salivary Gland Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm

A rare papillary neoplasm that grows within and is limited to the duct system of the minor salivary glands. This category includes papillary cystadenoma, ductal papilloma (including the intraductal and inverted variants), sialadenoma papilliferum, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.


Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism

Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism.


Low Risk Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

A thyroid gland neoplasm in which the incidence of metastatic spread is extremely low. This category includes thyroid gland noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, thyroid gland hyalinizing trabecular tumor, and thyroid gland tumors of uncertain malignant potential.


Sellar Paraganglioma

An extremely rare paraganglioma arising from chief cells of the dispersed paraganglia of the sellar region. (WHO)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to orbit

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the orbit from another anatomic site.


Congenital thyroid disorder

A thyroid gland disorder present at birth. It includes thyroid gland aplasia and thyroid gland hypoplasia, both result in hypothyroidism.


Sellar Immature Teratoma

An immature teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Congenital hypothyroidism with ectopic thyroid

Thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth that is associated with ectopic thyroid tissue located in the neck region.


Non-Neoplastic Nasal Cavity Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity.  Representative examples include rhinitis and Wegener granulomatosis.


Jugular Foramen Neoplasm

A neoplasm that affects the jugular foramen.  Representative examples include paraganglioma, schwannoma, and meningioma.


Salivary Gland Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

A rare, benign epithelial neoplasm composed of irregular proliferating nests and islands of epithelium, including solid and gland-like sebaceous elements, surrounded by lymphoid stroma. Most occur in the parotid gland. Symptoms include a progressively enlarging, painless mass.  Sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart.


Benign Sinonasal Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Hard Palate Monomorphic Adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the minor salivary glands in the hard palate. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Malignant Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the parapharyngeal space.


Benign Inner Ear Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the inner ear and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include vestibular schwannoma and lipoma.


Non-Neoplastic Tonsillar Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the tonsils.


Atypical Parathyroid Gland Tumor

A parathyroid gland tumor that shares certain morphologic characteristics with parathyroid gland carcinomas (e.g. broad fibrous bands formation with or without hemosiderin deposition, presence of mitotic figures) but lacks unequivocal evidence of capsular or vascular invasion. It is considered a tumor of uncertain malignant potential. (WHO)


Disorder of neck

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the neck region.  This category includes disorders of the pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland.


Metastatic Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread to another anatomic site.


Odontogenic tumor, benign

A benign, slow growing neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It occurs in the maxillofacial skeleton or the gingiva. Representative examples include adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, and squamous odontogenic tumor.


Benign neoplasm of orbit

A neoplasm that arises from the orbit and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Iatrogenic Central Hypothyroidism

Central hypothyroidism due to medical or surgical treatment.


Congenital hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, the cause of which is present at birth.


Sellar Meningioma

A rare meningioma that arises from the sellar region.


Rhinosinusitis

Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nose and paranasal sinuses.


Non-Neoplastic Thyroid Gland Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the thyroid gland.  Representative examples include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid gland abscess.


Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the parapharyngeal space.


Singers' nodes

A non-neoplastic growth in the vocal cord. It is characterized by tissue swelling in both vocal cords in a symmetrical manner. It is caused by vocal abuse behavior. Hoarseness is the presenting symptom.


Nasopharyngeal Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasopharynx.


Suprasellar germ cell tumor

A germ cell tumor that arises from the suprasellar region.


Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma

A locally aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from odontogenic tissue. It occurs in the mandible and less often in the maxilla.  It is characterized by the presence of a malignant connective tissue component and a benign epithelial component.  The frequency of distal metastases is low.


Sellar Germinoma

A germinoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Ceruminous Neoplasm

An adenoma or carcinoma that arises from the ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal.


Laryngeal Precancerous Condition

A premalignant pathologic process that affects the epithelial cells of the laryngeal mucosa.


Non-Neoplastic Neck Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the neck region.  This category includes non-neoplastic disorders of the pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland.


Ameloblastic fibroma

A rare neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually arises from the posterior mandible. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial component and fibromyxoid stroma. It may recur and rarely shows malignant transformation to ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. It is treated with enucleation and curettage.


Nasal Cavity Exophytic Papilloma

A benign nasal cavity exophytic papillary neoplasm with fibrovascular cores lined by epithelial cells. It arises from the lower anterior nasal septum. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and the presence of a mass.


Leukoplakia of lips

A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the surface of the lip which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Parotid monomorphic adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Benign Anterior Tongue Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the anterior portion of tongue and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Benign Ameloblastoma

An ameloblastoma that does not recur or metastasize.


Oral neoplasm malignant recurrent

Reemergence of a lip or oral cavity malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Central Hyperthyroidism

Overproduction of thyroid hormones due to a disorder originating within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.


Thyroglobulin Deficiency

Subnormal production of thyroglobulin, the glycoprotein precursor of thyroid hormones, presumed to result from loss-of-function mutation(s) in the TG gene.


Head and Neck Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the head and neck.


sarcoma of oral cavity

A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the oral cavity.  Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma and angiosarcoma.


Nasopharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Smokers keratosis

A premalignant pathologic process that affects the oral mucosa.  It is associated with the use of smoked tobacco.  It appears as white lesions on the oral mucosa.  Morphologically it is characterized by the pathologic production of keratin in the mucosal epithelial surface with or without epithelial atypia.  It may reverse with the cessation of tobacco use.


Defective Thyroglobulin Transport

Impairment in the intracellular transport of thyroglobulin.


Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity malignant neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Oropharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the oropharynx.


Extraosseous/Peripheral Ameloblastoma

An ameloblastoma that arises from the soft tissues in the gingiva or alveolar mucosa.  It presents as a painless exophytic mass.


Head and Neck Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

A histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that affects the head and neck.


Locally Advanced Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Thyroid Gland Clear Cell Follicular Adenoma

A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicular cells with cytoplasmic clearing.


Parotid Gland Sialolipoma

A benign parotid gland neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and epithelial tissue.


Non-Neoplastic Parathyroid Gland Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the parathyroid glands.  Representative examples include hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.


Benign Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the parapharyngeal space and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Sellar Mature Teratoma

A mature teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Oropharyngeal Lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the oropharynx.


Hemangioma of salivary gland

A hemangioma that arises from a salivary gland. It occurs almost exclusively in the parotid gland.


Thyroid Gland Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease affecting the thyroid gland. It is rare and is usually accompanied by involvement of cervical lymph nodes.


Adenoma, Monomorphic

A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the salivary glands. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Non-Neoplastic Middle Ear Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the middle ear.


An adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma that occurs in adults.


Oral Cavity Monomorphic Adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the salivary glands in the oral cavity. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Papillary Hyperplasia

A thyroid gland adenoma characterized by the presence of papillae lined by cells that range from cuboidal to columnar. The papillae are usually cystic and non-branching. Aggregates of follicles may be found within the papillary structures.


Oropharyngeal Polyp

A benign exophytic growth that arises from the oropharynx.


Dental surface disorders

A disorder that affects the surface of the tooth.


Abscess of thyroid

A rare disorder characterized by the development of an abscess in the thyroid gland.  It usually follows an upper respiratory tract, pharyngeal, or middle ear infection.  It is usually caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus infection.  It presents with fever, pain, and neck mass.


Salivary gland adenoma

A benign adenoma that arises from the salivary gland. This group includes pleomorphic adenoma, canalicular adenoma, basal cell adenoma, and sebaceous adenoma.


Orbital Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the structures of the orbit.


Primordial Odontogenic Tumor

A benign odontogenic tumor composed of variably cellular loose fibrous tissue with areas similar to the dental papilla, entirely surrounded by cuboidal to columnar epithelium resembling the internal epithelium of the enamel organ. It occurs intraosseously, with a marked preference for the mandible. (WHO 2017)


Mouth Mucous Membrane Leukoplakia

A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the mucous membrane in the mouth which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Pharyngeal Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the pharynx.


Benign Head and Neck Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the head and neck and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Salivary Gland Lymphadenomas

A rare benign salivary gland tumor that consists of a well-circumscribed biphasic proliferation of epithelial cells and reactive lymphoid tissue. Sebaceous and non-sebaceous forms can be distinguished. (WHO 2017)


Agenesis of larynx

A congenital deformity in which there is no laryngeal structure.


Wolff-Chaikoff Phenomenon

Hypothyroidism induced by excessive levels of iodine in the blood.


ductal papilloma of salivary gland

A benign papillary neoplasm that arises from the salivary glands.  This category includes intraductal papilloma, inverted ductal papilloma, and sialadenoma papilliferum.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lip

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the lip from another anatomic site.


Chronic thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis

Persistent and long-standing thyroiditis associated with temporary elevations of thyroid hormones.


Posterior Tongue Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the base of the tongue.


Benign neoplasm of base of tongue

A neoplasm that arises from the base of tongue and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma

A rare neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually arises from the posterior mandible. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial component, fibromyxoid stroma, and dentin formation. It is treated with enucleation and curettage. Recurrences may occur.


Basal Cell Ameloblastoma

A solid/multicystic ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the odontogenic epithelial islands are composed of uniform basaloid cells.


Non-Neoplastic Paranasal Sinus Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include sinusitis and mucocele.


Suppurative parotitis

Parotitis that is caused by a bacterial agent.


Salivary Gland Striated Duct Adenoma

A rare benign salivary gland adenoma that arises from ducts that resemble normal striated ducts.


Sinonasal Disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include inflammatory disorders, papillomas, and carcinomas.


Benign Maxillofacial Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from a maxillofacial bone and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Non-Neoplastic External Ear Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pinna and/or the ear canal.


Pharyngeal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the pharynx.


Malignant Anterior Tongue Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the anterior portion of the tongue.


Benign neoplasm of palate

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hard palate, soft palate, or uvula.


Nasopharyngeal hairy polyp

A benign polypoid lesion that arises from the nasopharynx. It usually affects neonates and older infants. It manifests as a pedunculated mass associated with cough, dyspnea, vomiting, or difficulty in swallowing. It is composed of ectoderm and mesoderm.


Recurrent Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant head and neck neoplasm after a period of remission.


Iatrogenic Primary Hypothyroidism

Primary hypothyroidism due to medical or surgical treatment.


Leukoplakia of buccal mucosa

A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the buccal mucosa in the mouth which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Refractory Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasm

A malignant salivary gland neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVA Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T3-T4a, N1, M0).  T4a: Moderately advanced disease.  Tumor involves deep soft tissue, cartilage, bone, or overlying skin.  T3: Mucosal disease.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Tumor with regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor

A benign but locally infiltrating neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is more often intraosseous and less frequently extraosseous and occurs in the jaw. It is characterized by the presence of ameloblastoma-like epithelium, connective tissue stroma, ghost cells, and dysplastic dentin. Wide local resection is recommended for intraosseous neoplasms and enucleation for extraosseous neoplasms.


Unresectable Craniopharyngioma

A craniopharyngioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.  Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia. It has the tendency to recur and extend to adjacent structures.  Inverted papillomas are occasionally associated with the development or presence of carcinomas, usually squamous cell carcinomas.


Diffuse C-Cell Hyperplasia

A non-neoplastic proliferation of morphologically bland C-cells with a diffuse growth pattern in the thyroid gland.


Malignant tumor of palate

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the hard palate, soft palate, or uvula.


Oral Mucosa Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the oral mucosa.


Sinonasal Ameloblastoma

A locally aggressive, primarily gnathic (jaw) tumor with a high propensity for recurrence. It originates wholly within the sinonasal tract, without connection to gnathic sites, arising from sinonasal epithelium and showing histological features identical to those of its counterpart originating in the jaw. (WHO 2017)


Conventional ameloblastoma

An intraosseous ameloblastoma that arises from the jaw, usually the mandible.  It grows slowly, invades locally, and recurs frequently.  It presents with swelling of the jaw.


Head and Neck Melanocytic Neoplasm

A melanocytic neoplasm that arises from the skin or mucosal sites in the head and neck region.


Parotid Gland Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

A rare, benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland.  It is composed of irregular proliferating nests and islands of epithelium, including solid and gland-like sebaceous elements, surrounded by lymphoid stroma. Patients present with a progressively enlarging and painless mass.


Lingual Thyroid Gland

Ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue.


Hyperthyroidism with Hashimoto disease

Severe, transient hyperthyroidism associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.


canalicular adenoma of salivary gland

A benign epithelial neoplasm primarily composed of branching and interconnecting cords of single and double-cell thick rows of columnar epithelium in a very loose stroma. It often occurs in the upper lip, where only pleomorphic adenoma is more frequent. Asymptomatic swelling of the upper lip is the most common clinical finding. It may present clinically and histologically as a multifocal lesion, a feature not generally seen with other intraoral salivary gland tumors.


Thyroid Gland Spindle Cell Follicular Adenoma

A rare thyroid gland follicular adenoma composed predominantly of spindle cells.


Middle Ear Paraganglioma

A jugulotympanic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia in the middle ear.


Thyroid Gland Schwannoma

A rare schwannoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Dual Oxidase 2 Deficiency

Thyroid peroxidase system defect due to presumed mutation(s) in the DUOX2 gene, resulting in decreased activity of dual oxidase 2.


Transient hypothyroxinemia

Reduced concentration of thyroid hormone(s), usually associated with a non-thyroidal illness, that resolves spontaneously.


Refractory Malignant Pharyngeal Neoplasm

Malignant pharyngeal neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Neoplastic Head and Neck Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region.


Diffuse endemic goiter

A diffuse goiter caused by inadequate iodine intake.


Laryngeal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the larynx.


Benign neoplasm of bone of skull

A neoplasm that arises from the bones and structures of skull and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Recurrent Skull Base Carcinoma

The reemergence of skull base carcinoma after a period of remission.


External Ear Actinic Keratosis

Actinic keratosis that develops in the skin of the external ear.


Non-Neoplastic Pharyngeal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pharynx.  Representative examples include pharyngitis and mucositis.


Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Bizarre Nuclei

A thyroid gland adenoma containing follicular cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei.  The clinical course is benign.


Defective Thyroglobulin Synthesis

Impairment in the intracellular synthesis of thyroglobulin.


Parathyroid gland abscess

An abscess that is located in the parathyroid gland(s).


Hairy leukoplakia of tongue

An epithelial hyperplasia on the surface of the tongue associated with Epstein-Barr virus and found almost exclusively in persons with HIV infection. The lesion consists of a white patch that is often corrugated or hairy.


Pharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the pharynx.


Congenital thyroid hypoplasia

Incomplete development of the thyroid gland in a newborn.


Erythroleukoplakia

Leukoplakia of the oral mucosa that is clinically characterized by the presence of erythematous or red and white patches.


Thyroid Gland Paraganglioma

A rare, circumscribed or encapsulated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the thyroid gland. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of tumor cells arranged in a nesting (Zellballen) growth pattern. The reported cases have followed a benign clinical course.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of thyroid gland

An exceedingly rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Refractory Malignant Oral Neoplasm

Lip or oral cavity malignant neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Neoplastic Tongue Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the tongue.


Speckled oral leukoplakia

Non-homogenous leukoplakia on the oral mucosa.  It is associated with a high risk for malignant transformation.


Leukoplakia of tongue

A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the surface of the tongue which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Benign neoplasm of uvula

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the uvula.


Thyroid Gland Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

A rare histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that affects the thyroid gland.


Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the major or minor salivary glands.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of salivary gland

A very rare Hodgkin lymphoma that manifests initially in a salivary gland.


Minor Salivary Gland Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Neoplasm

A rare, low-grade epithelial neoplasm with ductal differentiation that grows within and is limited to the duct system of the minor salivary glands. It is characterized by a proliferation of mucin-producing cells within the minor salivary gland ducts, intraductal accumulation of mucin, and a papillary growth pattern. Cytologic and architectural atypia and mitotic activity are present. AKT1 gene mutations have been identified in the majority of cases. Morphologically it resembles the intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.


Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

A benign, intraosseous or extraosseous cystic neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is characterized by the presence of a cyst lined by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and ghost cells formation. The ghost cells may undergo calcification. It is treated with enucleation. Few recurrences have been reported for intraosseous neoplasms whereas no recurrences have been reported for extraosseous neoplasms.


Sinonasal Lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


Stage IVC Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Head and Neck Nevus

A benign nevus that arises from the skin in the head and neck region.


Leukoplakia of larynx

A premalignant pathologic process that affects the mucosal epithelium of the larynx.  It appears as a localized or diffuse white patch on the laryngeal mucosa.  Morphologically it is characterized by the pathologic production of keratin in the mucosal epithelial surface with or without epithelial atypia.  It may progress to or co-exist with invasive squamous cell carcinoma.


Maxillofacial Osteoblastoma

A benign bone-forming neoplasm with prominent osteoblastic rimming arising in a maxillofacial bone.


Nasopharyngeal Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor

A rare midline nasopharyngeal lesion that affects infants. It presents with respiratory distress due to nasal airway obstruction. It is a biphasic lesion characterized by the presence of epithelial and myoepithelial components. The histological features suggest that this lesion may be a hamartoma, rather than a neoplasm.


Maxillofacial Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Sinonasal Exophytic Papilloma

A papilloma with an exophytic growth arising from the sinonasal track.


Central odontogenic fibroma

A rare, benign, intraosseous neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues in the mandible and maxilla. It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium which is embedded in a fibrous stroma. Local enucleation of the tumor is curative.


Suprasellar Germinoma

A germinoma that arises from the suprasellar region.


Sinonasal Neurofibroma

A neurofibroma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Orbit Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the orbit.  Patients may present with visual disturbances or proptosis.


Maxillofacial Sarcoma

A sarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Diffuse goiter

Enlargement of the entire thyroid gland without discrete mass(es).


Neonatal hearing impairment

An abnormality that affects hearing within the first month after birth. It may or may not result in hearing loss.


Thyroid Gland Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

An encapsulated or well-circumscribed thyroid gland tumor composed of well-differentiated follicular cells, in which capsular or vascular invasion is indeterminate.


Nasopharyngeal Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx.


Oral Cavity Adenoma

A monomorphic or pleomorphic adenoma that arises from the salivary glands in the oral cavity.


Soft Palate Benign Granular Cell Tumor

A granular cell tumor that arises from the soft palate and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Thyroid Gland Mucinous Follicular Adenoma

A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicles and characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular mucin.


Adenoma, Basal Cell

A salivary gland benign epithelial neoplasm with a uniform, monomorphic appearance that is dominated by basal cells forming trabecular structures. It is rare and occurs mostly on the parotid gland. The average age of patients has been reported to be 58 years. Swelling is the most constant clinical finding.


Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism due to insufficient intake of iodine.


Thyroid Gland Signet Ring Cell Follicular Adenoma

A thyroid gland adenoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells that stain positive for thyroglobulin.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the head and neck. This category includes neuroendocrine tumors, neuroendocrine carcinomas, and paragangliomas.


Thyroid Gland Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the thyroid gland focally or diffusely. It is exceedingly rare and usually occurs in patients with multifocal disease.


Pharyngeal Lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the pharynx.


Stage III Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Mucosal disease N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Thyroid Gland Follicular Nodular Disease

A benign, non-inflammatory, multifocal proliferation of thyroid follicular cells that results in the formation of multiple thyroid nodules. The clinical term multinodular goiter refers to the changes caused in the thyroid gland by follicular nodular disease.


neoplasm of anterior dorsal surface of tongue

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anterior portion of the tongue.


Salivary Gland Infection

A viral (such as mumps) or bacterial infectious process affecting the salivary gland. The salivary gland becomes enlarged and is often painful.


Refractory Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

A malignant head and neck neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


inverted ductal papilloma of salivary gland

A very rare benign tumor of the minor salivary glands, characterized by a luminal papillary proliferation that arises at the junction of the salivary gland duct and the oral mucosal surface epithelium and expands as a nodular mass into the lamina propria.  It presents as an asymptomatic mucosal swelling.


Unicystic ameloblastoma

An ameloblastoma that presents as a unilocular cyst.  It usually arises from the mandible.


Sellar ependymoma

A very rare, low-grade neoplasm that arises from the posterior pituitary. It is composed of epithelioid and oncocytic cells forming sheets and fascicles. It shows histopathological features reminiscent of ependymomas, including perivascular pseudorosettes and true rosettes. There is no evidence of necrosis or increased mitotic activity. Despite the presence of ependymal histopathological features, these neoplasms probably are not related to ependymomas. Their prognosis is unknown.


Human Papillomavirus-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

A squamous cell carcinoma that is not associated with human papillomavirus and has metastasized to the head and neck region from an unknown primary anatomic site.


malignant neoplasm of skull

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the bones and structures of the skull.


Benign neoplasm of accessory sinus

A neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinuses and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include Schneiderian papilloma and salivary gland-type adenoma.


Oral Cavity Myeloid Sarcoma

An extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the oral cavity. It occurs de novo or can precede, coincide with, or follow the presentation of acute myeloid leukemia, or can constitute blastic transformation of a myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. (WHO 2017)


Malignant Inner Ear Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that affects the inner ear.


Benign Skull Base Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises the skull base and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage IVB Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0.  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor involves brain, dura, skull base, lower cranial nerves (IX, X, XI, XII), masticator space, carotid artery, prevertebral space, or mediastinal structures.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Head and Neck

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the head and neck.  This may be from a primary head and neck malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Recurrent Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

The reemergence of inverted Schneiderian papilloma after a period of remission.


Thyroid Gland Hyperfunctioning Adenoma

A thyroid gland adenoma producing thyroxin.  It is associated with hyperthyroidism.  Radioactive iodine scan reveals a hot nodule.


Adult Craniopharyngioma

A craniopharyngioma that occurs during adulthood.  It can be either adamantinomatous or papillary.  The papillary histologic variant occurs virtually exclusively in adults.  Clinical signs and symptoms include visual disturbances and endocrine deficiencies.


Acquired Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, the cause of which is not present from birth.


Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Papillary Architecture

A benign, encapsulated thyroid gland neoplasm characterized by the presence of large follicles with intrafollicular papillary architecture. The cells lining the papillae are usually columnar. It is usually a cystic neoplasm and lacks nuclear atypia and capsular invasion. Psammoma bodies are not present. Activating TSHR mutations have been described in the majority of cases. In a small number of cases GNAS mutations have been identified.


Non-Neoplastic Inner Ear Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the inner ear.  Representative examples include infection and sensory hearing loss.


Thyroid Gland Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A rare solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the thyroid gland.


Squamous cell papilloma of oral cavity

A benign, exophytic and polypoid growth that arises from the lips or oral cavity. It is covered by hyperplastic epithelium. Some cases are caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Odontogenic myxoma

An intraosseous odontogenic neoplasm with good prognosis, arising from the mandible and less frequently from the maxilla. It is characterized by the presence of stellate cells, myxoid stroma formation, and prominent collagen. Small tumors may be cured with enucleation. Complete excision may be required for larger tumors.


Interarytenoid leukoplakia

A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white mucosal patch in the interarytenoid area.  In most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Aneuploid Dysplastic Oral Leukoplakia

Oral leukoplakia associated with advanced dysplasia in which genetic studies show aneuploidy.  The vast majority of patients develop aggressive invasive squamous cell carcinomas.  Complete resection of the lesion does not reduce the risk of developing invasive squamous cell carcinoma.


Non-Neoplastic Oral Cavity Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the oral cavity.  Representative examples include inflammation, fibroepithelial polyp, and cleft palate.


Acquired central hypothyroidism

Central hypothyroidism, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Recurrent Malignant Pharyngeal Neoplasm

Reemergence of a malignant pharyngeal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Atrophy of thyroid - acquired

Atrophy of the thyroid gland, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis

A rare, benign, well-circumscribed salivary gland neoplasm that predominantly affects females.  It is characterized by the presence of microcysts, ducts, and acini in a sclerotic stroma.  Focal lymphocytic infiltrates may also be present.


Osteoma of skull

A benign bone-forming neoplasm arising from the skull.


Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck

A melanoma that arises in the mucosa of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx.


Fibro-odontoma, Ameloblastic

A rare benign neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is characterized by the presence of a fibromyxoid stroma, epithelial component, dentin, and enamel. Recurrences are rare.


Non-toxic nodular goiter

Sporadic nodular enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not associated with changes in thyroid function or malignancy.


Non-Neoplastic Gingival Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the gums.


Maxillofacial Osteoma

A benign, well-circumscribed bone-forming neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone.


Reactive C-Cell Hyperplasia

A non-neoplastic proliferation of C-cells in the thyroid gland caused by external stimuli such as hypercalcemia and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.


Transient Primary Hypothyroidism

Primary hypothyroidism that resolves spontaneously.


Sellar Teratoma

A teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Acanthomatous ameloblastoma

A solid/multicystic ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the central cells in the odontogenic epithelial islands show squamous differentiation.


Tonsillopharyngitis

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils and the posterior pharynx (throat).


Leukoplakia of vocal cords

A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the mucosal surface of the vocal cords.  In most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Intrasellar Meningioma

A rare meningioma arising from the intrasellar region.


Sinonasal Schwannoma

A schwannoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Ameloblastic Fibroodontosarcoma

An odontogenic sarcoma producing enamel/enameloid and dentin.


Oral Cavity and Lip Precancerous Condition

A premalignant pathologic process that affects the mucosa surface of the oral cavity or lip.  It includes leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and smoker's keratosis.


Oral Cavity Granular Cell Tumor

A rare neoplasm that arises from the oral cavity, usually the tongue.  It is characterized by the presence of plump eosinophilic cells with abundant granular cytoplasm.  The neoplastic cells extend into the surrounding tissues, usually skeletal muscle.  The vast majority of cases follow a benign clinical course.  Recurrences are rare after removal of the tumor.


Recurrent Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

The reemergence of malignant thyroid gland neoplasm after a period of remission.


Refractory Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

Malignant thyroid gland neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Thyroid Gland Black Follicular Adenoma

A thyroid gland follicular adenoma seen in patients treated with minocycline. The tumors have black discoloration visible on macroscopic examination and cytoplasmic accumulation of black pigment. (WHO 2017)


Head and Neck Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

A follicular dendritic cell sarcoma that arises from the head and neck. The most frequently affected sites are the cervical lymph nodes, the Waldeyer ring, and the soft tissue of the neck.


Sellar Schwannoma

An extremely rare schwannoma that arises from the sellar region.


Recurrent Craniopharyngioma

The reemergence of a craniopharyngioma after a period of remission.


Granular cell ameloblastoma

A solid/multicystic ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the odontogenic epithelial islands contain granular cells.


Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of mucosal melanoma of the head and neck according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition. No prognostic stage grouping is proposed in the 8th edition.


Non-Neoplastic Sinonasal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include rhinitis, sinusitis, and mucocele.


Hypothyroid Goiter

Goiter associated with reduced thyroid hormone secretion.


Lymphedema of the Head and Neck

Lymphedema that manifests in the head and neck.


Choanal polyp

A benign exophytic growth that arises from the nasopharynx.


Thyroid Gland Teratoma

A teratoma that arises from the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland teratomas with high grade/malignant histological features carry DICER1 gene mutations and have been reclassified as thyroblastomas. They are no longer considered true teratomas.


Nasal Cavity Papilloma

A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity.


Oral Cavity Benign Granular Cell Tumor

A granular cell tumor that arises from the oral cavity and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Sellar Embryonal Carcinoma

An embryonal carcinoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Maxillofacial Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Malignant Skull Base Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the skull base.


Oral melanocytic nevus

A melanocytic nevus that arises from the lip and/or oral cavity. The majority are benign. Dysplastic nevi that can lead to the development of melanoma can rarely arise from the lip and/or oral cavity.


Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features

A non-invasive neoplasm of thyroid follicular cells with a follicular growth pattern and nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma that has an extremely low malignant potential. These tumors were formerly classified as non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma or well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential. (WHO)


Ameloblastic Fibrodentinosarcoma

An odontogenic sarcoma producing dentin/dentinoid.


Inverting papilloma of the paranasal sinus

A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the paranasal sinuses.  It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


Non-Neoplastic Lip Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the lips.  Representative examples include inflammation and cleft lip.


Neoplastic C-Cell Hyperplasia

A neoplastic process arising from the C-cells of the thyroid gland.  It is considered a precursor of hereditary medullary thyroid gland carcinoma, and it is associated with mutations of the RET gene.


Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma

A rare, benign, extraosseous neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually presents as a slow growing exophytic mass in the gingiva. It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium which is embedded in a fibrous stroma.


The reemergence of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma after a period of remission.


Aggressive papillary tumor

A locally invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm arising in any area of the middle ear, including the mastoid process and air cells, and may fill the tympanic cavity. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary glandular pattern, with complex interdigitating papillae lying loosely or infiltrating fibrous connective tissue. (WHO 2017)


Maxillofacial Osteoid Osteoma

A benign bone-forming tumor that arises in a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by limited growth potential. (WHO 2017)


Salivary Gland Lymphoma

A lymphoma that manifests initially in a salivary gland. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


Sarcoma of head and neck

A sarcoma that arises from the head and neck region.


Sialolipoma

A benign salivary gland neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and epithelial tissue. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


Non-Neoplastic Ear Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the ear.  Representative examples include infection, cholesteatoma, and hearing disorders.


sebaceous adenoma of salivary gland

A rare, benign, encapsulated epithelial tumor composed of cells that form solid, variably shaped islands and cysts, both showing focal sebaceous differentiation. The mean age of patients is reported to be 58 years, and most tumors occur in the parotid gland. There is a male predominance. Most patients are asymptomatic.


intraductal papilloma of salivary gland

An intraluminal papillary proliferation that causes unicystic dilatation of the duct and may have features in common with papillary cystadenoma. It is quite rare, and involves almost exclusively the excretory ducts of intraoral minor salivary glands. It presents as an asymptomatic submucosal swelling.


Sinonasal Oncocytic Papilloma

A benign neoplasm with exophytic and endophytic growth arising from the lateral nasal wall or the paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by the proliferation of columnar cells with oncocytic features. Microcysts containing mucin and neutrophils are present in the epithelium. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Occasionally, it is associated with the development or presence of a carcinoma, usually squamous cell carcinoma.


Head and Neck Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

A carcinoma that has metastasized to the head and neck region from an unknown primary anatomic site.


cystadenoma of salivary gland

An uncommon benign epithelial tumor, characterized by predominantly unicystic or multicystic growth; there is focal intraluminal papillary proliferation of the lining epithelium. Nearly half occur in the parotid gland.  In the minor salivary glands, women are affected more than men. In the major salivary glands, cystadenomas present as slowly enlarging, asymptomatic masses that may be slightly compressible. Cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart.


Proliferative verrucous oral leukoplakia

Warty leukoplakia on the oral mucosa.  It is associated with a high risk for malignant transformation.


Benign inverted transitional cell papilloma

A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.  It is classified as inverted papilloma, oncocytic papilloma, and exophytic papilloma. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia.


Sellar Germ Cell Tumor

A germ cell tumor that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Benign tumor of external ear

A neoplasm that arises from the external ear and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include ceruminous adenoma, polyp, and lipoma.


Metastatic Ureter Carcinoma

Ureter carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Locally Advanced Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

A ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Urothelial carcinoma ureter metastatic

Ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Grade 3 Artery NOS Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 8,9-double bond of anandamide.


2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether

A monoalkylglycerol that is glycerol which is substituted by a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraen-1-yl group at position 2.


eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl ester


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine that is anandamide in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 20 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A fatty amide obtained by the formal condensation of arachidonic acid with 2-chloroethanamine. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 1.4 nM) and also has a low affinity for the CB2 receptor (Ki = 3100 nM).


A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 2, a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl group at position 4, and two methyl groups at position 6 (the 1S,4S,5S stereoisomer). A highly selective and effective cannabinoid type-2 agonist and the enantiomer of HU-433.


A phytocannabinoid that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in which the methyl group at C-11 has been hydroxylated . Major metabolite of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol.


A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole which is substituted at position 1 by a 5-fluoropentyl group and a position 3 by an o-fluorobenzoyl group. It is a selective agonist for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor; Ki values for the CB1 and CB2 receptors are 0.08 and 1.44 nM, respectively.


An N-acylethanolamine 22:6 that is the ethanolamide of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 14,15-double bond of anandamide.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 11,12-double bond of anandamide.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 5,6-double bond of anandamide.


A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole which is substituted at position 1 by a pentyl group and at position 3 by a (4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl group. It is a synthetic cannabinoid with relatively poor affinity for both CB1 (Ki = 1064 nM) and CB2 (Ki = 444 nM) receptors.


synthetic cannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids.


cannabichromenic acid

A chromenol that is 2H-chromene substituted by methyl, 2-methylpent-2-en-5-yl, hydroxy, carboxy and pentyl groups at positions 2,2,5,6 and 7, respectively.


phytocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid which are C21 terpenophenolic compounds isolated primarily from Cannabis sativa.


cannabigerol

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.


endocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoids present in mammalian biological fluids and tissues that activate cannabinoid receptors.


An N-acylethanolamine 20:5 that is the ethanolamide of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z17Z)-eicosapentaenoic acid.


Stage 0 Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastroesophageal burn

A thermal, chemical or radiation injury to the stomach or esophagus.


Grade 3 Cornea Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 2 Cornea Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 1 Cornea Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 4 Cornea Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 4 GGT Increased, CTCAE

>20.0 x ULN if baseline was normal; >20.0 x baseline if baseline was abnormal


Grade 1 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Mild symptoms; intervention not indicated; radiologic evidence only


Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by bleeding from the mediastinum.


Grade 4 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


Grade 2 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Moderate symptoms; intervention indicated


Grade 3 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Transfusion indicated; invasive intervention indicated; hospitalization


Grade 5 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

Death


Grade 2 Eye Infection NOS with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


A quinolin-4-one having methyl and hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 3-positions respectively.


Grade 2 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

Symptomatic; medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL


Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a circumscribed, erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the duodenal wall.


Grade 4 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

Life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated


Grade 3 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

Severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective invasive intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL


Grade 5 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

Death


Difficulty Crossing Culprit Lesion During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Placement of intracoronary devices across the coronary stenosis is troublesome or formidable. (ACC)


Refractory Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Prostate Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Prostate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


gamma-lactone

A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.


butenolide

A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


vitamin C

Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.


Any gamma-lactone having the lactone moiety derived from 4-hydroxybutanoic acid.


Giant Cell-Rich Osteosarcoma

An exceedingly rare, high-grade variant of conventional osteosarcoma characterized by the presence of numerous osteoclast-like giant cells and variable amount of tumor osteoid.


Stage IIIB Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Stage III Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); IIIB (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Stage IIIA Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Pancreatic Infection

An infectious process affecting the pancreas.


Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

A neoplastic lesion that shows morphologic evidence of invasion into the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa.  There is no evidence of invasion into the submucosa.  Evidence of invasion may refer to stromal invasion by single cells or clusters of cells, presence of atypical and complex glandular architectural patterns beyond those that are present in normal mucosa, desmoplasia, and/or vascular invasion.


Gastric Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

A neoplasm that arises from the gastric glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria but not the submucosa.  There is marked glandular crowding, branching and budding, intraluminal necrosis, and prominent mitotic activity.  Desmoplastic changes may be present or absent.


Esophageal Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma that arises from the esophagus and is confined entirely to the mucosa.


Thrombophilia Related to COVID-19

Thrombophilia in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Reactive B-Cell Rich Lymphoid Proliferations that Can Mimic Lymphoma

A term that refers to non-neoplastic, dense B-cell lymphoproliferations in nodal or extranodal sites that resemble B-cell lymphoma.


Unbearable Pain

A sensation of extreme discomfort and anguish that is overwhelming and unendurable.


Grade 5 Serum Sickness, CTCAE

Death


Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasm (Antiquated)


Periosteal fibrosarcoma

A malignant fibroblastic tumor arising from the periosteal connective tissue that surrounds a bone.


A rare malignant tumor of soft tissue characterized by a bimorphic pattern composed of undifferentiated small round cells and islands of well differentiated hyaline cartilage.


Intermediate Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Very Low Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 3


Extraskeletal Osteoma

A rare benign overgrowth of bone arising from extraskeletal sites.


Benign stromal tumor

A benign neoplasm composed of mesenchymal stromal cells without evidence of cellular atypia.


Advanced Round Cell Liposarcoma

A round cell liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma

A leiomyosarcoma arising from an anatomic site other than skin.


Hemangiopericytoma of orbit

A benign or malignant hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma metastatic

A malignant hemangiopericytoma which has spread to another anatomical site.


Very Low Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Very Low Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Inflammatory Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 3


High Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of orbit

A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of skin

A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the skin.


Very Low Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


High Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Very Low Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Intermediate Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Angiomyosarcoma

A malignant smooth muscle neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical spindle cells and formation of vascular channels.


Benign Orbit Hemangiopericytoma

A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


High Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Unresectable Round Cell Liposarcoma

A round cell liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


High Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Intermediate Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant hemangiopericytoma recurrent

A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes, which has recurred after treatment.


Giant cell sarcoma

A sarcoma characterized by the presence of large, anaplastic malignant cells.


High Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant Hemangiopericytoma NCI Grade 2


Mixed osteosarcoma

A term referring to conventional osteosarcomas which do not have a dominant matrix pattern and contain a mixture of osteoid matrix in combination with chondroid matrix and/or collagen fibers.


Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma

A benign hemangiopericytoma with lipomatous differentiation.


Solitary fibrous tumor and hemangiopericytoma grade 1

A hemangiopericytoma without malignant morphologic or clinical characteristics.


Metastatic Round Cell Liposarcoma

Round cell liposarcoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes without evidence of metastases.


Intermediate Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 2