Eye Irritation

A generic term used to describe abnormal sensations that bother the eyes like dryness, itchiness, burning and grittiness.


Swelling of structure of eye

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Palpebral edema

Edema in the region of the eyelids.


ptosis

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The drooping of the upper eyelid.


Facial edema

Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in facial tissues.


Fractured facial bone

A partial or complete breakage of the facial bone.


Facial Pain

Painful sensation in the face.


facial paralysis

Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. facial nerve diseases generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. neuromuscular junction diseases and muscular diseases may also cause facial paralysis or paresis.


Failure to anastomose

Failure of a surgically-induced connection between tubular structures in the body.


Failure to Thrive

A clinical finding indicating less than normal growth in an infant or child, or a state of global decline in an adult.


Increased adipose tissue

An increase in adipose tissue mass by hyperplastic growth (increase in the number of adipocytes) or by hypertrophic growth (increase in the size of adipocytes occurring primarily by lipid accumulation within the cell).


Febrile seizure (within the age range of 3 months to 6 years)

A febrile seizure is any type of seizure (most often a generalized tonic-clonic seizure) occurring with fever (at least 38 degrees Celsius) but in the absence of central nervous system infection, severe metabolic disturbance or other alternative precipitant in children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years.


hip fracture

Traumatic or pathological injury to the hip in which the continuity of either the femoral head, femoral neck, intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric regions is broken. Symptoms include pain in the hip or groin, bruising and swelling in and around the hip area. The injured hip is turned outward and the leg appears shorter on that side.


fibroma

A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the fibrous tissue. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts.


Fibrosis

The formation of fibrous tissue.


Fractured fibula

A partial or complete breakage of the fibula.


pathologic fistula

Abnormal epithelial-lined communication between two anatomical structures.


Flank pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the flank.


Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder


Flat Affect

The absence of emotional expressiveness.


Absent anterior chamber of the eye

Absence of the anterior chamber of the eye owing to a developmental defect.


Flight of Ideas

Rapid succession of thoughts pertaining to different subjects that are still connected.


food allergy

Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.


Food Poisoning

Any disorder that results from the consumption of food contaminated with an infectious agent or toxin.


Fracture of foot

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in the foot.


Decreased Forced Expiratory Volume

A decrease in the fraction of the forced vital capacity that is exhaled in a specific number of seconds.


Fractured forearm bones

Bone fracture in the radius, ulna, or wrist.


Delayed fracture healing

A delay in healing of a fracture past the expected duration.


Full blood count outside reference range


Fungemia

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of fungi or yeasts in the blood.


Furuncle

An infection of a hair follicle that extends subcutaneously, forming an abscess.


Spastic gait

Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg.


galactorrhea

Excessive or inappropriate lactation in females or males, and not necessarily related to pregnancy. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is hyperprolactinemia.


gallbladder cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the gall bladder


cholesterolosis of gallbladder

A disorder characterized by a change in the gallbladder wall due to excess cholesterol.


Injury of gallbladder

Trauma to the gallbladder.


Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Increased

Increase in the level of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase in the blood, which catalyzes the transfer of a gamma glutamyl group from a gamma glutamyl peptide to another peptide, aminoacids, or water.


stomach carcinoma in situ

A in situ carcinoma that involves the stomach.


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage I

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0); IB (T2, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (T4a, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T2, N3, M0); IIIB (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0); IIIC (T4b, N2, M0); (T4b, N3, M0); (T4a, N3, M0).  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Gastric hemorrhage

Bleeding from the gastric wall.


Perforation of stomach

A rupture in the gastric wall caused by traumatic or pathologic processes.


stomach polyp

A polyp that arises from the stomach. This category includes neoplastic polyps (intestinal-type adenomatous polyps, gastric-type adenomas, and fundic gland polyps), and non-neoplastic polyps (hyperplastic polyps and hamartomatous polyps).


Gastritis that is characterized by erosion of the mucosal surface.


Hemorrhagic gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach resulting in bleeding.


Digestive System Fistula

An abnormal communication between any part of the digestive system and another organ or cavity.


eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare benign gastrointestinal disease characterized by the presence of abnormal and nonspecific gastro-intestinal (GI) manifestations, associated with an eosinophilic infiltration of the GI tract, which can affect several segments and involve several layers within the GI wall.


Viral gastroenteritis due to Rotavirus

Enteritis attributed to the rotavirus.


Salmonella gastroenteritis

Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of salmonella. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.


Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia

Dysplasia affecting the vasculature of the gastrointestinal tract.


An anomalous configuration of blood vessels that shunts arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the capillaries and that is located in the gastrointestinal tract.


digestive system carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the digestive system. Representative examples include colorectal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma.


digestive system infectious disorder

A viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infectious process that affects the digestive system.


gastrointestinal lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from any part of the digestive system, with the bulk of the disease localized to that site.


Gastrointestinal stenosis

A narrowing or stricture within the digestive system.


gastroschisis

Gastroschisis is marked by viscera protruding, without a covering sac, from the fetal abdomen on the right lateral base of the umbilicus. It is due to defective embryo growth and other malformations are only exceptionally associated.


Generalized edema

Generalized abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin, or in one or more cavities of the body.


disorder of sexual differentiation

A congenital disorder characterized by abnormalities in the development of the sexual characteristics.


Gingival bleeding

Hemorrhage affecting the gingiva.


gingival disorder

A disease involving the gingiva.


gingival hypertrophy

Abnormal enlargement or overgrowth of the gingivae brought about by enlargement of existing cells.


Gingival Pain

Painful sensation in the gingival region.


gingival recession

A loss of gum tissue resulting in an exposure of the roots of the teeth.


glioma

A benign or malignant brain and spinal cord tumor that arises from glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells). Tumors that arise from astrocytes are called astrocytic tumors or astrocytomas. Tumors that arise from oligodendrocytes are called oligodendroglial tumors. Tumors that arise from ependymal cells are called ependymomas.


Gliosis

Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.


Abnormal glomerular filtration rate

An abnormally increased or reduced amount of fluid filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time.


glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue.


Decreased glomerular filtration rate

An abnormal reduction in the volume of fluid filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time.


Increased glomerular filtration rate

An abnormal rise in the volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time.


Glomerular vascular disorder

A disorder that is caused by pathologic changes in the glomerular vasculature.


Inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by deposits at the intraglomerular mesangium, resulting in thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, activation of complement, and impaired kidney function secondary to damaged glomeruli.


membranous glomerulonephritis

A slowly progressive inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by immune complex deposits at the glomerular basement membrane, resulting in a thickened membrane, and nephrotic syndrome.


lipoid nephrosis

A glomerular disorder characterized by the electron microscopic finding of loss of podocyte foot processes. Light microscopic examination does not show glomerular changes. Patients present with proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome.


proliferative glomerulonephritis

A constellation of renal disorders characterized by an increase number of cells in the glomerulus; these disorders generally present with nephrotic syndrome, and generally progress to end stage renal failure over a matter of weeks to years, depending on the etiology. Examples include IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.


rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli that is characterized by a rapid loss in renal function with glomerular crescent formation observed on biopsy; it is often seen in patients with concomitant autoimmune disease, like Goodpasture's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus.


glossodynia

Painful sensations in the tongue, including a sensation of burning.


Elevated hemoglobin A1c

An increased concentration of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which is the product of nonenzymatic attachment of a hexose molecule to the N-terminal amino acid of the hemoglobin molecule. This reaction is dependent on blood glucose concentration, and therefore reflects the mean glucose concentration over the previous 8 to 12 weeks. The HbA1c level provides a better indication of long-term glycemic control than one-time blood or urinary glucose measurements.


Urate tophus

Intradermal urate crystal deposits appeared as small, superficial, pustule-like, whitish lesions. The lesions may be the focus of inflammatory episodes with increasing pain, swelling, and erythema of the intradermal tophi.


amsacrine

An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.

A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits  antineoplastic activity.


Granulocytosis

An increased count of granulocytes in the peripheral blood circulation.


Granuloma

A compact, organized collection of mature mononuclear phagocytes, which may be but is not necessarily accompanied by accessory features such as necrosis.


Skin Granuloma

A granuloma located in the skin.


Pedal edema

An abnormal accumulation of excess fluid in the lower extremity resulting in swelling of the feet and extending upward to the lower leg.


Groin pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the groin region.


Guillain-Barre syndrome

A spectrum of rare post-infectious neuropathies that usually occur in otherwise healthy patients. GBS is clinically heterogeneous and encompasses acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) and some other regional variants.


congenital hemangioma

A hemangioma present and fully formed at birth. The different types are Rapidly involuting congenital hemangiomas (RICH), Partially involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH) and Non-involuting congenital hemangiomas (NICH).


liver hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the liver.


skin hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the skin.


hemarthrosis

Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.


Hematemesis

The vomiting of blood.


Hematochezia

The passage of fresh (red) blood per anus, usually in or with stools. Most rectal bleeding comes from the colon, rectum, or anus.


Reduced hematocrit

A reduction below the normal ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.


Increased hematocrit

An elevation above the normal ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.


Hematoma

A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel.


Hematospermia

A finding indicating the presence of blood in the semen.


Abnormal hemoglobin

Anomaly in the level or the function of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein of erythrocytes.


Increased hemoglobin

A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of hemoglobin in a biological specimen.


hemoglobinuria

A laboratory test result which indicates free hemoglobin in the urine.


Hemoperitoneum

Accumulation of blood in the peritoneal cavity owing to internal hemorrhage.


Hemorrhagic complication of pregnancy

Bleeding occurring during pregnancy.


Subcutaneous hemorrhage

This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to bruising (purpura, petechiae, or ecchymoses).


hemorrhagic disease

Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (blood coagulation disorders) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (hemostatic disorders).


Hemothorax

The presence of blood in the pleural space.


disorder of pilosebaceous unit

A disease that involves the pilosebaceous unit.


Benign Hair Follicle Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the hair follicle and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Auditory hallucination

Perception of sounds without auditory stimulus.


Tactile hallucination

Perception of touch without a tactile stimulus.


Fractured hand bones

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in the hand.


Visual hallucination

Visual perception in the absence of a visual stimulus.


hangover (any Alcohol or Other Drugs substance)


Haptoglobin Decreased

A laboratory test result which indicates decreased levels of haptoglobin in a biological specimen.


Headache

Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.


Tachycardia

A rapid heartrate that exceeds the range of the normal resting heartrate for age.


Irregular Heart Beat

A clinical finding in which the rhythm of the heart is noted to be abnormal. (ACC/AHA)


Abnormal heart sound

Any abnormal noise generated by the beating heart.


Hemianopia

Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes.


Hemiparesis

Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength.


hemiplegia

Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by brain diseases that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, brain stem lesions; cervical spinal cord diseases; peripheral nervous system diseases; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see paresis) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.


Hemivertebrae

Absence of one half of the vertebral body.


immunoglobulin A vasculitis

A systemic IgA vasculitis that affects small vessels. It is characterized by skin purpura, arthritis, and abdominal and/or renal involvement.


Hepatic cysts

A cystic lesion located in the liver.


pyridoxal

The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.

A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-4-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5 respectively. The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6, it is converted into pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid.


pantethine

An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group.


hepatic infarction

Prolonged ischemia to the liver resulting in necrosis.


Hepatic Pain

A painful sensation in the liver.


hepatitis A virus infection

Acute inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is highly contagious and usually contracted through close contact with an infected individual or their feces, contaminated food or water.


Hepatitis C Virus RNA Positive

An indication that hepatitis C RNA has been detected in a sample.


drug-induced liver injury

A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.


hepatitis E virus infection

Acute inflammation of the liver in humans; caused by hepatitis E virus, a non-enveloped single-stranded rna virus. Similar to hepatitis A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.


Fulminant hepatitis

Acute hepatitis complicated by acute liver failure with hepatic encephalopathy occurring less than 8 weeks after the onset of jaundice.


viral hepatitis

An acute or chronic inflammation of the liver parenchyma caused by viruses. Representative examples include hepatitis A, B, and C, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and herpes simplex hepatitis.


Liver damage

Disruption of hepatocyte function due to liver injury.


Hepatosplenomegaly

Simultaneous enlargement of the liver and spleen.


Hepatotoxicity

Toxicity that impairs or damages the liver.


Hernia

The protrusion of part of an organ or fibroadipose tissue through an abnormal opening.


Herpesviridae infectious disease

Virus diseases caused by the herpesviridae.


Recurrent singultus

A contraction of the diaphragm that repeats several times per minute. In humans, the abrupt rush of air into the lungs causes the epiglottis to close, creating a hic sound. Also known as synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (SDF), or singultus, from the Latin singult, the act of catching one's breath while sobbing. The hiccup is an involuntary action involving a reflex arc.


hidradenitis

An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the apocrine sweat gland.


High palate

Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).


Hilar lymph node enlargement

Hilar lymphadenopathy is swelling or enlargement of lymph nodes localised in hila, wedge-shaped anatomical structures containing pulmonary vessels, major bronchi, nerves and lymph nodes. Hilar lymph nodes are not visible on chest X-ray if they are not enlarged. Hilar lymph node enlargement can be caused by benign and malignant conditions and can be symmetrical (bilateral) or asymmetrical (unilateral).


Hirsutism

Abnormally increased hair growth referring to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair).


Disseminated histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis infection involving multiple sites of the body. Disseminated histoplasmosis can involve various organs, including reticuloendothelial organs, gastrointestinal tract, adrenal glands, central nervous system, endovascular structures, kidney, and skin. It typically presents with systemic symptoms like fever, generalized fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, and the symptoms related to the specific organ involved. Severe disseminated disease can manifest as septic shock, multi organ failure, and ARDS.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a sample.


Infection by human herpesvirus 6

An infection that is caused by human herpesvirus-6.


Fractured humerus

A partial or complete breakage of the humerus.


B cell deficiency

A broad classification of disorders where circulating numbers of B lymphocytes are decreased or ineffective. Complement components and the production of antibodies may also be deficient.


Hydrocele testis

Accumulation of clear fluid in the between the layers of membrane (tunica vaginalis) surrounding the testis.


hydrocephalus

A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.


hydronephrosis

Collection of urine in the renal pelvis that results in dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces. It is caused by obstruction of urine flow, nephrolithiasis, or vesicoureteral reflux. Signs and symptoms include flank pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and dysuria.


hydrops fetalis

Hydrops fetalis is a severe and challenging fetal condition usually defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities that manifests as edema, pleural and pericardial effusion and ascites. It is the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. The cause may be immunologic (immune hydrops fetalis, IHF) or non immunologic (non-immune hydrops fetalis, NIHF), depending on the presence or absence of maternal antibodies against fetal red cell antigens (ABO incompatibility or rhesus (Rh) incompatibility).


hyperacusis

A disorder in which an individual has an abnormally low noise tolerance, and increased sensitivity to sounds.


Hyperemia

The presence of an increased amount of blood in a part or organ; engorgement.


Hyperesthesia

Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses, which may refer to various modes of cutaneous sensibility including touch and thermal sensation without pain, as well as to pain.


Increased circulating antibody level

An increased level of gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) in the blood.


monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance

A condition characterized by the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy (MG) in which the clonal mass has not reached a predefined state in which the condition is considered malignant. Up to 25% of cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) progress to a B-cell malignancy or myeloma. MGUS may occur in conjunction with various carcinomas, chronic inflammatory and infectious conditions, and other diseases.


hyperopia

A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back. It is also called farsightedness because the near point is more distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation. (Dorland, 27th ed)


primary hyperparathyroidism

Hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands resulting in the overproduction of parathyroid hormone. It is caused by parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid carcinoma, and multiple endocrine neoplasia. It is associated with hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Signs and symptoms include weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, depression, bone pain, osteoporosis, cystic bone lesions, and kidney stones.


Polyphagia

A neurological anomaly with gross overeating associated with an abnormally strong desire or need to eat.


hyperplasia

An abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or a tissue with consequent enlargement.


Hyperpyrexia

An extreme elevation of core body temperature above normal defined as a rectal temperature of 41.1 degrees Celsius (106 degrees Fahrenheit).


Hyperreflexia

Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.


allergic disease

An immune response that occurs following re-exposure to an innocuous antigen, and that requires the presence of existing antibodies against that antigen. This response involves the binding of IgE to mast cells, and may worsen with repeated exposures.


hypersplenism

Overactive functioning of the spleen, resulting in excessive destruction of blood cells.


Hypertensive crisis

A severe, acute increase in blood pressure that may result in stroke or myocardial ischemia.


hypertensive encephalopathy

Encephalopathy resulting from hypertension.


hypertensive heart disease

Abnormal enlargement of the heart resulting from long-standing hypertension.


Hyperthermia

A condition characterized by an abnormally high body temperature. In a hyperthermic state, the hypothalamic set-point is normal but body temperature increases and overrides the ability to lose heat, resulting from exogenous heat exposure or endogenous heat production.


Hypertonia

A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move.


hypertrichosis

Excessive hair growth anywhere on the body.


Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation refers to an increased pulmonary ventilation rate that is faster than necessary for the exchange of gases. Hyperventilation can result from increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or both, and leads to an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.


Hypervolemia

An increase in the amount of intravascular fluid, particularly in the volume of the circulating blood.


Hyphema

Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.


Hypnagogic hallucination

Hypnagogic hallucinations are brief hallucinations that occur as you are falling asleep.


Somatic sensory dysfunction

An abnormality of the primary sensation that is mediated by peripheral nerves (pain, temperature, touch, vibration, joint position). The word hypoesthesia (or hypesthesia) refers to a reduction in cutaneous sensation to a specific type of testing.


hypoaldosteronism disease

Abnormally low levels of aldosterone in the blood.


Hypocapnia

Abnormally reduced blood carbon dioxide (CO2) level.


hypochromic anemia

Anemia caused by the reduction of hemoglobin in relation to the red cell volume. As a result, the red cells have an area of central pallor which is increased in size. The leading cause is iron deficiency.


syndromic agammaglobulinemia

A agammaglobulinemia that is part of a larger syndrome.


Hypogeusia

A decreased ability to perceive flavor.


Neonatal hypoglycemia

Blood glucose concentration below the lower limit of established reference ranges in a newborn.


Loss of hypoglycemic warning due to diabetes mellitus


Hypoglycemic coma

Coma induced by low blood sugar.


Hypoglycemic encephalopathy

Brain damage related to a lowering of blood glucose below a critical level (around 30 mg/dl), which may lead to confusion, lethargy and delirium followed by seizures and coma. Prolonged hypoglycemia may lead to irreversible brain damage.


Hypomenorrhea

Decreased menstrual blood flow.


hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) refers to the abnormal development of the left-sided cardiac structures, resulting in obstruction to blood flow from the left ventricular outflow tract. In addition, the syndrome includes underdevelopment of the left ventricle, aorta, and aortic arch, as well as mitral atresia or stenosis.


Hypopnea

Hypopnea is referring to breathing that is abnormally shallow.


hypopyon

An accumulation of pus in the anterior chamber of the eye.


hypospadias

Hypospadias is the displacement of the urethral meatus on the ventrum of the penis. This abnormality is associated with a varyingly bent, twisted penis and opened dorsal prepuce.


Hypotonia

Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.


Neonatal hypotonia

Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.


ocular hypotension

Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).


Hypouricemia

An abnormally low level of uric acid in the blood.


oculomotor nerve paralysis

Paralysis of the oculomotor nerve.


Perforation of ileum

A rupture in the ileal wall due to traumatic or a pathologic processes.


Ileal Stenosis

Narrowing of the lumen of ileum.


Ileal ulcer

An erosion of the mucous membrane in a portion of the ileum.


Illusions

A misperception of a real external stimulus.


Impulsivity

Acting on the spur of the moment in response to immediate stimuli; acting on a momentary basis without a plan or consideration of outcomes; having difficulty establishing or following plans; experiencing a sense of urgency and engaging in self-harming behavior when under emotional distress.


Incisional hernia

An abdominal hernia that occurs at a site of weakness in the abdominal wall resulting from an incompletely-healed surgical wound.


Incoherent

Unintelligibility of verbal or written communication due to a lack of clarity or connectedness.


Incontinence

Involuntary passage of stool or urine from the body.


Infection

The invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents and their multiplication, as well as the reaction by the host to these organisms and/or toxins that the organisms produce.


infertility disorder

Inability to conceive for at least one year after trying and having unprotected sex. Causes of female infertility include endometriosis, fallopian tubes obstruction, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Causes of male infertility include abnormal sperm production or function, blockage of the epididymis, blockage of the ejaculatory ducts, hypospadias, exposure to pesticides, and health related issues.


Ingrown nail

Excessive growth of a nail laterally into the nail fold.


Inguinal hernia

Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.


insulin autoimmune syndrome

Insulin autoimmune syndrome is a rare condition that causes low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This occurs because the body begins to make a specific kind of protein called antibodies to attack insulin. Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone that is responsible for keeping blood sugar at a normal level. When blood sugar levels get too high, insulin helps to store the sugar for future use. People affected by insulin autoimmune syndrome have antibodies that attack insulin, causing it to work too hard and the level of blood sugar to become too low. Insulin autoimmune syndrome most often begins during adulthood.


Insulin resistance

Increased resistance towards insulin, that is, diminished effectiveness of insulin in reducing blood glucose levels.


International normalized ratio outside reference range


Decreased prothrombin time

Abnormally short time to coagulation in the prothrombin time test, which is a measure of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The results of the prothrombin time test are often expressed in terms of the International normalized ratio (INR), which is calculated as a ratio of the patient's prothrombin time (PT) to a control PT standardized for the potency of the thromboplastin reagent developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the formula: INR is equal to Patient PT divided by Control PT.


Prolonged prothrombin time

Increased time to coagulation in the prothrombin time test, which is a measure of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The results of the prothrombin time test are often expressed in terms of the International normalized ratio (INR), which is calculated as a ratio of the patient's prothrombin time (PT) to a control PT standardized for the potency of the thromboplastin reagent developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the formula: INR is equal to Patient PT divided by Control PT.


intertrigo

A superficial dermatitis occurring on skin surfaces in contact with each other, such as the axillae, neck creases, intergluteal fold, between the toes, etc. Obesity is a predisposing factor. The condition is caused by moisture and friction and is characterized by erythema, maceration, burning, and exudation.


Intestinal fistula

An abnormal connection between the gut and another hollow organ, such as the bladder, urethra, vagina, or other regions of the gastrointestinal tract.


intestinal obstruction

Blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents within the bowel.


intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a digestive disorder in whichthe intestinal walls are unable to contract normally (called hypomotility); the conditionresembles a true obstruction, but no actual blockage exists. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain; vomiting; diarrhea; constipation; malabsorption of nutrients leading to weight loss and/or failure to thrive ; and other symptoms. It may be classified as neuropathic (from lack of nerve function)or myopathic (from lack of muscle function), depending on the source of the abnormality. The condition is sometimes inherited (in an X-linked recessive or autosomal dominant manner)and may be caused by mutations in the FLNA gene; it may also be acquired after certain illnesses. The goal of treatment is to provide relief from symptoms andensure that nutritional support is adequate.


Intracranial tumor hemorrhage

A  brain hemorrhage caused by an intracranial tumor.


Ocular hypertension

Intraocular pressure that is 2 standard deviations above the population mean.


Intraventricular hemorrhage

Bleeding into the ventricles of the brain.


Perinatal intraventricular hemorrhage

Bleeding within the cerebral ventricles occurring around the time of birth.


intussusception

Telescoping or invagination of a part of the intestine into an adjacent segment.


Iris atrophy

Loss of iris tissue (atrophy)


Iron deficiency

Subnormal concentrations of iron resulting from low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or increased iron loss.


dequalinium

A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.

A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group.


Prolonged neonatal jaundice

Neonatal jaundice refers to a yellowing of the skin and other tissues of a newborn infant as a result of increased concentrations of bilirubin in the blood. Neonatal jaundice affects over half of all newborns to some extent in the first week of life. Prolonged neonatal jaundice is said to be present if the jaundice persists for longer than 14 days in term infants and 21 days in preterm infants.


Fractured bone of jaw

A partial or complete breakage of the bone of jaw.


JC virus infection

An infection that is caused by JC virus.


ankylosis

Fixation and immobility of a joint.


Flexion contracture

A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.


Joint dislocation

Displacement or malalignment of joints.


hydrarthrosis

Accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Joint stiffness

Joint stiffness is a perceived sensation of tightness in a joint or joints when attempting to move them after a period of inactivity. Joint stiffness typically subsides over time.


Joint swelling

The presence of swelling in a joint.


Impaired judgement

Reduced ability to plan, poor decision making.


keratoacanthoma

A dome-shaped, rapidly growing skin lesion composed of well differentiated squamous cells. It represents a proliferation of the infundibular epithelium of the hair follicle and its morphologic distinction from a well differentiated carcinoma may be difficult or impossible. Keratoacanthomas affect males more frequently than females and the majority tend to regress spontaneously. It has been suggested that keratoacanthoma represents a distinct subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.


keratoconus

A degenerative, structural disorder of the eye, characterized by a cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea. It may lead to visual disturbances.


keratopathy

Any disorder of the cornea.


Ketonuria

High levels of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) in the urine. Ketone bodies are insignificant in the blood and urine of normal individuals in the postprandial or overnight-fasted state.


Ketosis

Presence of elevated levels of ketone bodies in the body.


Double kidney (disorder)

A congenital abnormality of the kidney characterized by the presence of two separate pelvicocaliceal systems with a single or duplex ureter.


Abnormality of the kidney

An abnormality of the kidney.


Kyphoscoliosis

An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane.


Kyphosis

Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.


Abnormal Laboratory Test Result

A laboratory test result that falls outside of the normal, acceptable range.


CID 21195079

a recombinant bacterial enzyme that hydrolyzes the carboxylterminal glutamate residue from folic acid and classical antifolates such as methotrexate, provides an alternate non-renal pathway for methotrexate elimination in patients with renal dysfunction during high-dose methotrexate treatment


labyrinthitis

Inflammation of the inner ear. The cause is often not clear. It may be due to a virus, but it can also arise from bacterial infection, head injury, extreme stress, an allergy, or as a reaction to medication.


excessive tearing

Profuse lacrimation.


lagophthalmos

A condition in which the eyelids do not close to cover the eye completely.


Large for gestational age

The term large for gestational age applies to babies whose birth weight lies above the 90th percentile for that gestational age.


T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-cell LGL leukemia) is a lymphoproliferative malignancy that arises from the mature T-cell (CD3+) lineage.


larynx cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the larynx. The majority are carcinomas.


laryngostenosis

Narrowing of the laryngeal airway.


laryngitis

An acute or chronic, bacterial or viral inflammatory process affecting the larynx. Signs and symptoms include sore throat, cough, swallowing difficulties, and hoarseness.


Laryngeal stridor

An abnormal high-pitched noisy sound, occurring during inhalation or exhalation caused by the incomplete obstruction in the throat.


learning disability

A group of disorders that affect a person's ability to learn or process specific types of information which is in contrast to his/her apparent level of intellect.


Lethargy

A state of disinterest, listlessness, and indifference, resulting in difficulty performing simple tasks or concentrating.


lentigo

A flat, benign, pigmented spot on the skin caused by excessive deposition of melanin from an increased number of melanocytes in the cell layer directly above the basement membrane of the epidermis. Formation is usually related to sun exposure during youth, and the lesions do not typically progress to malignancy.


Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle

An atypical proliferation of atypical melanocytes in the dermal-epidermal junction, without infiltration of the papillary or reticular dermis. The melanocytic proliferation is associated with actinic damage and epidermal atrophy.  It usually occurs in the sun-exposed skin of elderly people.  It is a form of melanoma in situ.


Leukoderma

Localized loss of skin pigmentation, often in patches.


Leukoencephalopathy

This term describes abnormality of the white matter of the cerebrum resulting from damage to the myelin sheaths of nerve cells.


myelophthisic anemia

A laboratory test result indicating an abnormal amount of circulating nucleated red blood cells and immature red blood cells.


Decreased libido

Decreased sexual desire.


Increased libido

Elevated sexual desire.


lichen sclerosus et atrophicus

A chronic inflammatory process affecting the skin. It is characterized by the presence of white, indurated plaques, epidermal atrophy, and fibrosis of the upper dermis. It usually appears in the vulva and penis.


linear IgA Dermatosis

Autoimmune disease characterized by subepidermal blisters and linear deposition of autoantibodies at the dermoepidermal junction. The accumulated autoantibodies are of immunoglobulin A and occasionally immunoglobulin G classes against epidermal basement membrane proteins. The dermatosis is sometimes associated with malignancies and use of certain drugs (e.g., vancomycin).


angular cheilitis

Inflammation of the skin at the corners of the mouth characterized by redness, fissures or crusts.


Swollen lip

Enlargement of the lip typically due to fluid buildup or inflammation.


Lipoatrophy

Localized loss of fat tissue.


lipoma

A benign, usually painless, well-circumscribed lipomatous tumor composed of adipose tissue.


livedo reticularis

A condition characterized by a reticular or fishnet pattern on the skin of lower extremities and other parts of the body. This red and blue pattern is due to deoxygenated blood in unstable dermal blood vessels. The condition is intensified by cold exposure and relieved by rewarming.


locked-in syndrome

Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is a neurological condition characterized by the presence of sustained eye opening, quadriplegia or quadriparesis, anarthria, preserved cognitive functioning and a primary code of communication that uses vertical eye movements or blinking.


long QT syndrome

A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (syncope) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are Romano-Ward syndrome (also known as long QT syndrome 1) and Jervell-Lange Nielsen syndrome.


swayback

Congenital locomotor ataxia of lambs, thought to be associated with copper deficiency. It is characterized clinically by progressive incoordination of the hind limbs and pathologically by disruption of neuron and myelin development in the central nervous system. It is caused by a deficiency of metabolizable copper in the ewe during the last half of her pregnancy. (Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)


hypobetalipoproteinemia

A group of lipoprotein metabolism disorders that are characterized by permanently low levels (below the 5th percentile) of apolipoprotein B and LDL cholesterol.


Low-set ears

Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.


lumbar spinal stenosis

A spinal stenosis that involves the lumbar region of vertebral column.


lung adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lung and is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells. There is a male predilection with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Usually lung adenocarcinoma is asymptomatic and is identified through screening studies or as an incidental radiologic finding. If clinical symptoms are present they include shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and fever. Tobacco smoke is a known risk factor.


lung carcinoma in situ

A carcinoma in situ involving a lung.


Lung carcinoma cell type unspecified stage I


Lung carcinoma cell type unspecified stage II


Lung carcinoma cell type unspecified stage III


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Lung cancer with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules or malignant pleural (or pericardial) effusion.  M1b: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Lung consolidation

A chest X-ray finding indicating the presence of a radio-opaque area in the lung. The opacification is caused by fluid or solid material within the airways or lung parenchyma.


Pulmonary infiltrates

A finding indicating the presence of an inflammatory or neoplastic cellular infiltrate in the lung parenchyma.


lupus vulgaris

A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal mucosa; buccal mucosa; and conjunctival mucosa.


erythromycin A 2'-propanoate

A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.


Lymph Node Pain

A painful sensation in a lymph node.


lymph node tuberculosis

Tuberculosis of the lymph node.


lymphadenitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of one or more lymph nodes. It is usually caused by an infectious process.


Mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Swelling of lymph nodes within the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavities that contains the heart and the great vessels, the esophagus, and trachea and other structures including lymph nodes.


lymphangitis

Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.


Abnormal lymphocyte count

Any abnormality in the total number of lymphocytes in the blood.


Lymphocytosis

Increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood.


Lymphopenia

An abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood.


Lymphocytosis

A finding indicating the presence of a non-neoplastic or neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, effusions, or bone marrow.


macular degeneration

Loss of vision in the central portion of the retina (macula), secondary to retinal degeneration.


Macule

A flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide that does not involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin.


magnesium deficiency

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)


malabsorption syndrome

A syndrome resulting from the inadequate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea.


Malaise

A feeling of general discomfort, weakness, or lack of health.


male orgasm disorder

Persistent delay or absence in orgasm not accounted for by a medical reason.


Malignant ascites

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity resulting from the growth of primary or metastatic malignant neoplasms in the peritoneum.


undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

An undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma characterized by the presence of a pleomorphic malignant cellular infiltrate. It is also known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma.


Pleural Effusion, Malignant

A collection of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain free-floating malignant cells.


Mallory-Weiss syndrome

A disorder characterized by upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding caused by longitudinal mucosal tears in the gastroesophageal junction. The tears result from retching or forceful coughing. It was initially described in alcoholics.


Mantle cell lymphoma recurrent

The reemergence of a mantle cell lymphoma after a period of remission.


marasmus

The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.


Bone marrow hyperplasia

Increase in the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. It may involve all or individual hematopoietic cell lines.


Mass

A benign or malignant pathologic structure in any part of the body, resulting from a neoplastic accumulation of cells, inflammatory cells, or cystic changes.


mastitis

Inflammation of breast tissue during lactation or postpartum due to an obstructed duct or infection. Mastitis can also occur in non-breastfeeding women, and rarely in men.


mastocytosis

A clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in one or multiple organs or organ systems. It is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, ranging from cutaneous proliferations which may regress spontaneously, to aggressive neoplasms associated with organ failure and short survival.


Mean cell hemoglobin concentration decreased


Melena

The passage of blackish, tarry feces associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Melena occurs if the blood remains in the colon long enough for it to be broken down by colonic bacteria. One degradation product, hematin, imbues the stool with a blackish color. Thus, melena generally occurs with bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract (e.g., stomach ulcers or duodenal ulcers), since the blood usually remains in the gut for a longer period of time than with lower gastrointestinal bleeding.


Mean cell hemoglobin concentration increased


Decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

A reduction from the normal range of the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell (27 to 31 picograms/cell). A reduced mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) may indicate a hypochromic anemia, but the MCH may be normal if both the total hemoglobin and the red blood cell count are reduced.


Decreased mean corpuscular volume

A reduction from normal of the mean corpuscular volume, or mean cell volume (MCV) of red blood cells (usually defined as an MCV below 80 femtoliters).


Increased mean corpuscular volume

Larger than normal size of erythrocytes.


mediastinitis

An inflammatory process affecting the mediastinum.


Melanocytic nevus

A oval and round, colored (usually medium-to dark brown, reddish brown, or flesh colored) lesion. Typically, a melanocytic nevus is less than 6 mm in diameter, but may be much smaller or larger.


Meningioma

The presence of a meningioma, i.e., a benign tumor originating from the dura mater or arachnoid mater.


cyproterone acetate

An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites.

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas.


benign meningioma

A grade I, slowly growing meningioma. Only a minority of tumors recur following complete resection.


aseptic meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord without a bacterial pathogen.


viral meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord due to a viral infection.


myelomeningocele

Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida. It happens when parts of the spinal cord and nerves come through the open part of the spine. It causes nerve damage and other disabilities. Seventy to ninety percent of children with this condition also have too much fluid on their brains (hydrocephalus). This happens because fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord is unable to drain like it should. The fluid builds up, causing pressure and swelling. Without treatment, a persons head grows too big, and theymay have brain damage. Other disorders of the spinal cord may be seen, including syringomyelia and hip dislocation. The cause of myelomeningocele is unknown. However, low levels of folic acid in a woman's body before and during early pregnancy is thought to play a part in this type of birth defect.


Menometrorrhagia

Prolonged/excessive menses and bleeding at irregular intervals.


Menopausal Symptom

Any of the mental or physical manifestations that accompany perimenopause and menopause.


Polymenorrhea

Frequent menses; menstrual cycles lasting less than 21 days.


irregular menstruation (diagnosis)

Deviations from the normal process; e.g. delayed, difficult, profuse, scanty, unusual bleeding, etc.


Mesenteric venous thrombosis

A clot that obstructs blood flow in a mesenteric vein (the superior and the inferior mesenteric vein drain blood from the small and large intestine).


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to adrenal gland

A malignant tumor that has spread to the adrenal gland from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.  The majority of cases are metastatic carcinomas, and less frequently lymphomas.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of breast

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the breast. This may be from a primary breast malignant neoplasm on the opposite side, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to liver

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the liver from another (primary) anatomic site. Representative examples include carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas, or sarcomas.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of lung

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lung. This may be from a primary lung malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lymph nodes.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pleura

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the pleura from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of skin

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the skin.  This may be from a primary skin malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to vertebral column

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the spine.  This may be from a primary spinal malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to mediastinum

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the mediastinum from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


Moderate albuminuria

The presence of moderately increased concentrations of albumin in the urine, defined as and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30 to 299 mg/gm (3.4 to 34 mg/mmol).


microcephaly

A congenital or acquired developmental disorder in which the circumference of the head is smaller than normal for the person's age and sex.


microcytic anemia

Anemia in which the red blood cell volume is decreased.


Micrognathia

Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.


microphthalmia

Congenital or developmental anomaly in which the eyeballs are abnormally small.


microtia

A congenital malformation of the external ear, seen more frequently in males, that occurs sporadically or is inherited, that is characterized by unilateral (79-93% of cases, 60% of which involve the right ear) or bilateral small and abnormally shaped auricles and that is often associated with atresia or stenosis of the ear canal, attention deficit disorders and delayed language development. The variation in auricle size ranges from grade I, where the auricle is simply smaller than normal, to grade IV, also known as anotia, where there is a complete absence of the external ear and of the auditory canal.


Middle insomnia

Difficulty maintaining sleep.


miliaria

A small (one mm or less) vesicular, papular or pustular monomorphous rash, which is associated with heat, fever or occlusion of sweat glands.


Miosis

Abnormal (non-physiological) constriction of the pupil.


inborn mitochondrial myopathy

Myopathy caused by mitochondrial abnormalities.


congenital mitral valve insufficiency

Dysfunction of the mitral valve characterized by incomplete valve closure.


Congenital facial diplegia

Facial diplegia (that is, bilateral facial palsy) with congenital onset.


Monocytosis

An increased number of circulating monocytes.


Monoplegia

Paralysis that affects one limb.


Oral bleeding

Bleeding originating from the mouth.


Oral ulcer

Erosion of the mucous mebrane of the mouth with local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.


movement disorder

Neurological conditions resulting in abnormal voluntary or involuntary movement, which may impact the speed, fluency, quality and ease of movement.


Mucosal ulcer

A circumscribed loss of integrity of the mucous membrane.


Multiple congenital anomalies

The presence of multiple congenital malformations in a patient.


Recurrent fractures

The repeated occurrence of bone fractures (implying an abnormally increased tendency for fracture).


Muscle hemorrhage

Bleeding occuring within a muscle


Rigidity

Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.


Muscle fibrillation

Fine, rapid twitching of individual muscle fibers with little or no movement of the muscle as a whole. If a motor neuron or its axon is destroyed, the muscle fibers it innervates undergo denervation atrophy. This leads to hypersensitivity of individual muscle fibers to acetyl choline so that they may contract spontaneously. Isolated activity of individual muscle fibers is generally so fine it cannot be seen through the intact skin, although it can be recorded as a short-duration spike in the EMG.


Musculoskeletal Pain

Pain that originates in the bones, muscles, tendons or ligaments.


mutism

The inability to generate oral-verbal expression, despite normal comprehension of speech. This may be associated with brain diseases or mental disorders. Organic mutism may be associated with damage to the frontal lobe; brain stem; thalamus; and cerebellum. Selective mutism is a psychological condition that usually affects children characterized by continuous refusal to speak in social situations by a child who is able and willing to speak to selected persons. Kussmal aphasia refers to mutism in psychosis.


eumycotic mycetoma

A chronic granulomatous inflammation involving the deep dermis and the subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by fungi and actinomycetes.


aquarium granuloma

A skin condition caused by Mycobacterium marinum, characterized by a skin lesion that presents roughly three weeks after exposure.


myelitis

An inflammatory process affecting the spinal cord. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, vascular disorders, and toxic agents. Symptoms include weakness, paresthesia, sensory loss, pain, and incontinence.


myelodysplastic syndrome

A clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis in one or more of the hematopoietic cell lines. The dysplasia may be accompanied by an increase in myeloblasts, but the number is less than 20%, which, according to the WHO guidelines, is the requisite threshold for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. It may occur de novo or as a result of exposure to alkylating agents and/or radiotherapy. (WHO, 2001)


myeloid leukemia

A clonal proliferation of myeloid cells and their precursors in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen. When the proliferating cells are immature myeloid cells and myeloblasts, it is called acute myeloid leukemia. When the proliferating myeloid cells are neutrophils, it is called chronic myelogenous leukemia.


spinal cord disorder

A disease involving the spinal cord.


Bone Marrow Suppression

A condition in which the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and/or platelets by bone marrow stem cells is inhibited, usually as a side effect of treatment with various anti-cancer agents, radiation, or tumor development within the bone marrow.


Myocardial fibrosis

Myocardial fibrosis is characterized by dysregulated collagen turnover (increased synthesis predominates over unchanged or decreased degradation) and excessive diffuse collagen accumulation in the interstitial and perivascular spaces as well as by phenotypically transformed fibroblasts, termed myofibroblasts.


myocardial rupture

Disease-related laceration or tearing of tissues of the heart, including the free-wall MYOCARDIUM; HEART SEPTUM; PAPILLARY MUSCLES; CHORDAE TENDINEAE; and any of the HEART VALVES. Pathological rupture usually results from myocardial infarction (HEART RUPTURE, POST-INFARCTION).


hereditary myoglobinuria

The presence of myoglobin in the urine.


Myokymia

Myokymia consists of involuntary, fine, continuous, undulating contractions that spread across the affected striated muscle.


myopia

The condition in which the individual does not see far distances clearly.


Nail Discoloration

A change in the color of the nail.


nail disorder

A disease involving the nail.


nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder 9

Deformity or discoloration of a fingernail or toenail.


Nail pits

Small (typically about 1 mm or less in size) depressions on the dorsal nail surface.


Nail psoriasis

Psoriatic nail abnormality characterized by the presence of neutrophils in the nail bed epithelium, hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis, presence of exudates on the corneal epithelium, focal hypogranulosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia of the nail bed.


nasal cavity carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the nasal cavity


Nasal dryness

A lack of humidification of the nasal mucosa.


Deviated nasal septum

Positioning of the nasal septum to the right or left in contrast to the normal midline position of the nasal septum.


Nasal ulcer

An open sore of the nasal mucosa.


Nasal vestibulitis

Inflammation of the lining of the anterior portion of the nasal cavity, usually caused by a bacterial infection.


nasopharyngitis

An inflammatory process that affects the nasopharynx.


Neck pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the neck.


Ischemic Necrosis

Loss of vascularization and tissue death caused by the disruption in the arterial access. Common causes include trauma due to accidents, insect or reptile bites, severe cold exposure or pathological conditions such as infarctions or blood dyscrasias.


necrotizing fasciitis

Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious infection of the skin, the tissue just beneath the skin (subcutaneous tissue), and the tissue that covers internal organs (fascia). Necrotizing fasciitis can be caused by several different types of bacteria, and the infection can arise suddenly and spread quickly. Early signs include flu-like symptoms and redness and pain around the infection site. A prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential.If the infection is not treated promptly, it can lead to multiple organ failure and death. Treatment typically includes intravenous (IV) antibiotics and surgery to remove infected and dead tissue.


perinatal asphyxia

A disorder caused by a lack of blood flow or gas exchange to or from the fetus in the period immediately before, during, or after the birth process.


Neonatal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs during the neonatal period.


skin neoplasm

A benign or malignant tumor involving the skin. Representative examples of benign skin neoplasms include the benign melanocytic skin nevus, acanthoma, sebaceous adenoma, sweat gland adenoma, lipoma, hemangioma, fibroma, and benign fibrous histiocytoma. Representative examples of malignant skin neoplasms include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.


nephrolithiasis

The presence of a calculus in the pelvis of the kidney; this is most often composed of mineral salts and proteins.


nephrosclerosis

Hardening of the kidney due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic hypertension. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ischemia.


neuroma

A tumor that grows from a nerve or is composed of nerve cells and nerve fibers.


nervous system disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.


neuritis

A neuropathy arising from inflammation of one or more nerves.


neurodermatitis

Skin findings arising from repeated rubbing, picking or scratching of a real or imagined irritation of the skin.


peripheral nervous system disorder

A disease involving the peripheral nervous system.


toxic encephalopathy

A group of neurologic disorders caused by damage to the nervous system following exposure to pharmacologic, biologic, and chemical agents. Examples of neurotoxins include chemotherapy agents, radiation treatment, heavy metals, pesticides, and food additives.


Neonatal neutropenia (disorder)

A condition characterized by a decrease in the number of neutrophils in the blood below established reference ranges in a newborn.


Neutrophilia

Increased number of neutrophils circulating in blood.


Nightmare

A disturbing dream that occurs during rapid eye movement sleep and results in feelings of strong terror, fear, distress, or anxiety.


Nodal Arrhythmia by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of an arrhythmia originating from within the atrioventricular node.


Atrioventricular junctional rhythm

An electrocardiographic finding of a rhythm which originates in the AV junction and results in a normal heart rate. It is characterized by retrograde P waves which may be obscured by or may follow the QRS complexes. The QRS complexes may be narrow or may demonstrate aberration. (CDISC)


Non-small cell lung cancer recurrent

The re-emergence of non-small cell lung carcinoma after a period of remission.


Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema that is not a result of cardiac dysfunction.


atosiban

Atosiban is a synthetic peptide which is a competitive antagonist of human oxytocin at receptor level. In human pre-term labour, atosiban at the recommended dosage antagonises uterine contractions and induces uterine quiescence.


normocytic anemia

Anemia in which the red blood cell volume is normal.


nosocomial infection

An infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare setting.


pathologic nystagmus

Involuntary movements of the eyeballs. The presence or absence of nystagmus is often used in the diagnosis of a variety of neurological and visual disorders.


bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome

A lung disorder that is mainly associated with chronic allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation and that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of bronchiolar walls that reduce the diameter of the bronchioles and result in progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction.


Obsessive thoughts

A series of thoughts that are difficult to suppress and may be a consequence or cause of anxiety.


Gastric Obstruction

Blockage of the normal flow of the contents in the stomach.


Oculogyric crisis

An acute dystonic reaction with blepharospasm, periorbital twitches, and protracted fixed staring episodes. There may be a maximal upward deviation of the eyes in the sustained fashion. Oculogyric crisis can be triggered by a number of factors including neuroleptic medications.


esophageal adenocarcinoma

A malignant tumor with glandular differentiation arising predominantly from Barrett mucosa in the lower third of the esophagus. Rare examples of esophageal adenocarcinoma deriving from ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus have also been reported. Grossly, esophageal adenocarcinomas are similar to esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Microscopically, adenocarcinomas arising in the setting of Barrett esophagus are typically papillary and/or tubular. The prognosis is poor.


esophageal atresia

A congenital abnormality of the esophagus in which the upper esophagus ends as a blind pouch and does not connect with the lower esophagus; it is often accompanied by a tracheoesophageal fistula. Signs and symptoms in a newborn with this abnormality include excessive salivation, choking, coughing, and the development of cyanosis and respiratory distress when fed.


carcinoma of esophagus

Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is a tumor arising in the epithelial cells lining the esophagus and can be divided into two subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).


esophagus carcinoma in situ

Stage 0 includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: Tis (HGD), N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Any. For adenocarcinoma: Tis (HGD), N0, M0, G1, GX. Tis: High-grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Esophageal bleeding

Bleeding originating from the esophagus.


Esophageal obstruction

Blockage of the normal flow of the contents in the esophagus.


Esophageal Pain

Painful sensation in the esophageal region.


Esophageal Perforation

The presence of a hole or other type of opening in the esophageal wall through which the contents of the esophagus can pass into the mediastinum. The most common cause of esophageal perforation is injury during a medical procedure such as esophagoscopy or placement of a naso-gastric tube; and pathologic process such as neoplasm or gastric reflux with ulceration. Less common causes include injuries from penetrating or blunt trauma or injury to the esophagus during an operation on another organ, mechanical problem such as violent retching or vomiting; ingestion of a foreign body or caustic agents. The condition often results in infection of the mediastinum and mediastinitis.


oligohydramnios

A lower than normal quantity of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac as compared to normal values. Typically associated with an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of less than 5 cm or a single maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of less than 2 cm.


Oligomenorrhea

Infrequent menses (less than 6 per year or more than 35 days between cycles).


Onycholysis

Detachment of the nail from the nail bed.


Ophthalmoplegia

Paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles that are responsible for eye movements.


Opportunistic infection

An infection that is caused by a pathogen that would generally not be able to cause an infection in a host with a normal immune system. Such pathogens take advantage of the opportunity, so to speak, that is provided by a weakened immune system.


optic atrophy

A disorder characterized by loss of optic nerve fibers. It may be inherited or acquired. Acquired causes include ischemia, optic nerve neuropathy, glaucoma, trauma, radiation, brain tumors, and multiple sclerosis. It leads to vision disturbances.


Oral Pain

Painful sensation in the mouth, tongue, or lips.


Oral mucosal blisters

Blisters arising in the mouth.


orchitis

Inflammation of one or both testes due to viral or bacterial infections. Signs and symptoms include enlargement or tenderness of the affected testis, inguinal lymphadenopathy, blood in the semen, and pain during urination, intercourse, or ejaculation.


orgasm disorder

A change in the ability to obtain orgasm or in the quality of the orgasmic sensation.


Orthopnea

A sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position, relieved by sitting or standing.


bone inflammation disease

Inflammation of the bone.


osteochondrosis

A condition that is characterized by defective bone growth that affects the growth centers of bone.


osteonecrosis

A none disease characterized by death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply.


osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis, also known as marble bone disease, is a descriptive term that refers to a group of rare, heritable disorders of the skeleton characterized by increased bone density on radiographs.


Osteoporotic Fractures

A pathologic bone fracture due to osteoporosis. It is generally caused by a fall from a standing height or lower and usually involves the spine, hip, or wrist.


osteosclerosis

Abnormally high bone density.


chronic otitis media

Chronic form of otitis media (disease).


discharging ear

Discharge or drainage of fluid from the ear.


ovarian disorder

A disease involving the ovary.


Drug Overdose

Exposure to, or intake of, an excessive amount of a substance.


Overweight

Increased body weight with a body mass index of 25-29.9 kg per square meter.


Low Blood Oxygen Saturation

A low level of the degree to which oxygen is bound to hemoglobin given as a percentage calculated by dividing the maximum oxygen capacity into the actual oxygen content and multiplying by 100. Oxygen saturation usually is measured using pulse oximetry.


Limb pain

Chronic pain in the limbs with no clear focal etiology.


Jaw pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the jaw.


Skin Pain

Painful sensation in the skin.


palindromic rheumatism

A syndrome that involves sudden and rapidly developing attacks of arthritis with a remission period that results in no joint damage or symptoms.


Pallor

Abnormally pale skin.


hand-foot syndrome

A condition characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and tingling in the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. It may appear as a side effect to chemotherapy agents.


Palpitations

A sensation that the heart is pounding or racing, which is a non-specific sign but may be a manifestation of arrhythmia.


palmoplantar keratosis

A group of autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked inherited or acquired disorders characterized by the thickening of the palms and soles due to hyperkeratosis.


exocrine pancreatic carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas


Pancreatic cysts

A cyst of the pancreas that possess a lining of mucous epithelium.


stage IV pancreatic cancer

A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


pancreas disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pancreas. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include cystadenomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, and neuroendocrine neoplasms.


Pancreatic pseudocyst

Cyst-like space not lined by epithelium and contained within the pancreas. Pancreatic pseudocysts are often associated with pancreatitis.


acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

An acute pancreatits that is characterized by acute inflammation of the pancreas in which the initial edematous pancreatitis evolved into necrosis accompanied by hemorrhage.


acute necrotizing pancreatitis

An acute pancreatitis that is characterized by one or more areas of necrosis in the pancreas with varying degree of involvement of the surrounding tissues or organ systems.


Recurrent pancreatitis

A recurrent form of pancreatitis.


Panic attack

A sudden episode of intense fear in a situation where there is no danger or apparent cause.


Panic

A sudden and overwhelming sense of fear characterized by the inability to function as normal.


panniculitis

Inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue.


Papule

A circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, varying in size from a pinhead to less than 10mm in diameter at the widest point.


Paraparesis

Weakness or partial paralysis in the lower limbs.


paraplegia

Complete paralysis of the lower half of the body including both legs, often caused by damage to the spinal cord.


parapsoriasis

Parapsoriasis describes a group ofskin diseases that can be characterized by scaly patches or slightly elevated papules and/or plaques (red, scaly patches) that have a resemblance to psoriasis. However, this description includes several inflammatory cutaneous diseases that are unrelated with respect to pathogenesis, histopathology, and response to treatment. Because of the variation in clinical presentation and a lack of a specific diagnostic finding on histopathology, a uniformly accepted definition of parapsoriasis remains lacking. There are 2 general forms: a small plaque type, which is usually benign, and a large plaque type, which is a precursor of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).Treatment of small plaque parapsoriasis is unnecessary but can include emollients, topical tar preparations or corticosteroids, and/or phototherapy. Treatment of large plaque parapsoriasis is phototherapy or topical corticosteroids.


parathyroid gland disorder

A disease involving the parathyroid gland.


benign neoplasm of parathyroid gland

A benign neoplasm that involves the parathyroid gland.


Parosmia

Misperception of existing odor, that is, distorted or altered olfactory perception in the presence of known stimuli.


parotitis

Inflammation of the parotid glands.


Fractured patella

A partial or complete breakage of the patella.


Patent ductus arteriosus - persisting type


piritramide

A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.


dihydralazine

1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)


Decreased Peak Expiratory Flowrate

Decreased expiratory peak flow measurement achieved during forced expiration that primarily reflects changes in upper airway conductance and may be of limited use in evaluation of changes in peripheral airway conductance. Evaluation of peak flow performance is subjective, and, therefore, acceptability criteria are lacking. Because the maneuver is effort and volume dependent, the patient must be encouraged to perform as vigorously as clinically feasible. The results of subjective evaluation may be difficult to interpret consistently. A validated dyspnea rating scale may be useful.


pectus excavatum

A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.


pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an acute or chronic inflammation in the pelvic cavity. It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted diseases, including chlamydia and gonorrhea that have ascended into the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries as a result of intercourse or childbirth, or of surgical procedures, including insertion of IUDs or abortion. PID may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. It may cause infertility and it may raise the risk of ectopic pregnancy. PID is a disease associated with HIV infection.


Pelvic mass

An abnormal enlargement or swelling in the pelvic region.


Pelvic pain

Pain perceived in the area of the pelvis, the lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones.


Penile Pain

Painful sensation in the penis.


penile disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the penis. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include phimosis, balanitis, and hypospadias. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hemangioma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and penile carcinoma.


periarthritis

Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)


hemopericardium

An accumulation of blood within the pericardial sac.


Perinephric abscess

A perinephric abscess is a collection of suppurative material in the perinephric space (i.e., the connective and adipose tissues surrounding the kidney).


periodontal disorder

An inflammatory process of the gingival tissues and/or periodontal membrane of the teeth, resulting in an abnormally deep gingival sulcus, possibly producing periodontal pockets and loss of alveolar bone support.


Periorbital edema

Edema affecting the region situated around the orbit of the eye.


periostitis

Inflammation of the periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is due to infection, is characterized by diffuse suppuration, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)


sensory peripheral neuropathy

Inflammation or degeneration of the sensory nerves.


peroneal nerve paralysis

Paralysis of the nerves located in the legs.


Personality changes

An abnormal shift in patterns of thinking, acting, or feeling.


personality disorder

A diverse category of psychiatric disorders characterized by behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture; this pattern of deviation is pervasive and inflexible and is stable over time. The behavioral pattern negatively interferes with relationships and work.


Petechiae

Petechiae are pinpoint-sized reddish/purple spots, resembling a rash, that appear just under the skin or a mucous membrane when capillaries have ruptured and some superficial bleeding into the skin has happened. This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to developing petechiae.


adrenal gland pheochromocytoma

A benign or malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system that secretes catecholamines. It arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Clinical presentation includes headaches, palpitations, chest and abdominal pain, hypertension, fever, and tremor. Microscopically, a characteristic nesting (zellballen) growth pattern is usually seen. Other growth patterns including trabecular pattern may also be present.


Pharyngeal Hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the pharynx.


Pharyngeal edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid leading to swelling of the pharynx.


streptococcal sore throat

Inflammation of the throat due to Streptococcus pyogenes.


Philadelphia Chromosome Positive

Indicates that the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality, t(9;22)(q34;q11), has been detected in a sample.


Phimosis

The male foreskin cannot be fully retracted from the head of the penis.


phobic disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense, irrational fear of an object, activity, or situation. The individual seeks to avoid the object, activity, or situation. In adults, the individual recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable.


Photopsia

Perceived flashes of light.


obesity-hypoventilation syndrome

Hypoventilation syndrome in very obese persons with excessive adipose tissue around the abdomen and diaphragm is characterized by diminished to absent ventilatory chemoresponsiveness; chronic hypoxia; hypercapnia; polycythemia; and long periods of sleep during day and night (hypersomnolence). It is a condition often related to obstructive sleep apnea but can occur separately.


placenta disorder

A disease involving the placenta.


placental insufficiency

Failure of the placenta to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.


plantar fasciitis

Inflammation of the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot (plantar fascia) causing heel pain. The plantar fascia (also called plantar aponeurosis) are bands of fibrous tissue extending from the calcaneal tuberosity to the toes. The etiology of plantar fasciitis remains controversial but is likely to involve a biomechanical imbalance. Though often presenting along with heel spur, they do not appear to be causally related.


plasma cell leukemia

An aggressive plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic plasma cells in the peripheral blood. It is characterized by the presence of a circulating clonal plasma cell count that exceeds 2x10^9/L or is 20% of the leukocyte differential count.


plasmacytoma

Plasmacytoma is a localized mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells that represents approximately 5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. There are two separate entities: primary plasmacytoma of the bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma of the soft tissues. Of the extramedullary plasmacytomas, 80% occur in the head and neck, usually in the upper respiratory tract. The median age at diagnosis is 50 years and the male to female ratio is 3:1. Long-term survival is possible following local radiotherapy, particularly for soft tissue presentations.


Abnormal platelet count

Abnormal number of platelets per volume of blood. In a healthy adult, a normal platelet count is between 150,000 and 450,000 per microliter of blood.


inherited bleeding disorder, platelet-type


CSF pleocytosis

An increased white blood cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid.


Pleural effusion

The presence of an excessive amount of fluid in the pleural cavity.


Pleural thickening

An increase in the thickness of the pleura, generally related to scarring of the pleural tissue.


Pleuritic chest pain

Pleuritic chest pain is characterized by sudden and intense sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in the chest when inhaling and exhaling.


doxofylline

An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma.


cytomegalovirus pneumonia

Pneumonia caused by cytomegalovirus. Most humans are exposed to cytomegalovirus. Healthy individuals do not develop signs and symptoms of infection. Patients with weakened immune system (e.g., AIDS patients, cancer patients who are being treated with chemotherapy, and patients who have received bone marrow or solid organ transplants) develop signs and symptoms of infection. They include cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, malaise, fever, muscle and joint pain, and excessive sweating.


Pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus

Pneumonia that is attributed to the respiratory syncytial virus.


viral pneumonia

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.


pneumonitis

An inflammatory process affecting the lung parenchyma. It is a milder form of lung inflammation compared to pneumonia.


Spontaneous pneumothorax

Pneumothorax occurring without traumatic injury to the chest or lung.


Pocket erosion

Erosion of patient's skin pocket which houses a device.


polyarticular arthritis

An arthritis affecting five or more separate joints.


polydactyly

A disease characterized by the presence of polydactyly, including syndromic and non-syndromic forms.


polyhydramnios

An excess quantity of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac as compared to normal values. Typically associated with an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of greater than or equal to 25 cm or a single maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of greater than 8 cm.


polyneuropathy

A disease or disorder affecting more than one nerve.


portal vein thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the portal vein.


Post abortion hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding occurring after spontaneous miscarriage or therapeutic abortion.


Surgical Wound Infection

An infection that occurs at a surgical site within 30 days after an operation.


Abnormal posturing

Involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs.


pouchitis

Acute inflammation in the intestinal mucosa of the continent ileal reservoir (or pouch) in patients who have undergone ileostomy and restorative proctocolectomy (proctocolectomy, restorative).


preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is characterized by new-onset hypertension with proteinuria presenting after 20 weeks of gestation, and depending on mild or severe forms may initially present with severe headache, visual disturbances, and hyperreflexia.


Positive Pregnancy Test

A test result indicating the presence of hormones (HCG) in the blood or urine of a woman that confirm pregnancy.


Premature birth

The birth of a baby of less than 37 weeks of gestational age.


Presyncope

Presyncope is a state of lightheadedness, muscular weakness, blurred vision, and feeling faint. Presyncope is most often cardiovascular in cause.


premature menopause

Cessation of menstruation before the age of 40. Symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and decreased sex drive.


Premature rupture of membranes

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition which occurs in pregnancy when the amniotic sac ruptures more than an hour before the onset of labor.


polydactyly-myopia syndrome

Polydactyly-myopia syndrome is an exceedingly rare autosomal dominant developmental anomaly reported in 1986 in nine individuals among four generations of the same family. The syndrome is characterized clinically by four-limb postaxial polydactyly and progressive myopia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986.


presbycusis

Bilateral hearing loss caused by progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways, typically associated with the aging process.


presbyopia

The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.


Pressure of speech

Abnormal increased rate and amount of speech, delivered with urgency.


Primary hypothyroidism

A type of hypothyroidism that results from a defect in the thyroid gland.


Productive cough

A cough that produces phlegm or mucus.


progressive external ophthalmoplegia

A mitochondrial myopathy characterized by slowly progressive paralysis of the levator palpebrae, orbicularis oculi, and extraocular muscles. Ragged-red fibers and atrophy are found on muscle biopsy. Familial and sporadic forms may occur. Disease onset is usually in the first or second decade of life, and the illness slowly progresses until usually all ocular motility is lost. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1422)


prolactin producing pituitary tumor

An adenoma or carcinoma of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that produces prolactin.


metastatic prostate carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to other anatomic sites.


Prostate cancer recurrent

Prostate carcinoma reemerging after a period of remission.


prostate disorder

A disease involving the prostate gland.


Prostatic Pain

Pain in the prostate gland.


PSA Progression

The amount of prostate specific antigen is increased, based on pre-defined thresholds.


Abnormal prothrombin time

Any deviation from the normal amount of time to coagulation in the prothrombin time test, which is a measure of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The results of the prothrombin time test are often expressed in terms of the International normalized ratio (INR), which is calculated as a ratio of the patient's prothrombin time (PT) to a control PT standardized for the potency of the thromboplastin reagent developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the formula: INR is equal to Patient PT divided by Control PT.


Protruding tongue

Tongue extending beyond the alveolar ridges or teeth at rest.


prurigo

A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)


Liddle syndrome

A rare genetic form of low-renin hypertension characterized by hypertension associated with decreased plasma levels of potassium and aldosterone.


pseudolymphoma

A neoplastic process that resembles a malignant lymphoma, but has a benign course.


Pseudoporphyria

A drug-induced photodermatosis characterized by skin fragility, erythema, and the appearance of tense bullae, erosions and scarring in the absence of abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism.


cortisol 17-valerate

used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer


Psychomotor Agitation

Physical restlessness, often associated with increased motor activity.


Psychomotor Retardation

Abnormally slow physical movement.


pterygium

A wedge-shaped fibrovascular lesion arising from the bulbar conjunctiva and extending to the cornea. It is caused by chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, heat, and dust. It may cause severe vision loss. Studies have linked pterygium to neoplastic proliferation and suggest that it may be a stem cell disorder.


Pulmonary Alveolar Hemorrhage

Bleeding in the alveoli.


Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) above 15mmHg.


Congenital stenosis of pulmonary artery

A congenital cardiovascular abnormality characterized by the narrowing of the lumen of the main pulmonary artery or its branches. It may be associated with other congenital heart malformations. Signs and symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, fatigue, and edema.


pulmonary eosinophilia

A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with eosinophils due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.


Pulmonary Granuloma

A granuloma that is located in lung tissue.


pulmonary hypoplasia

A respiratory malformation characterized by the presence of both bronchi (albeit rudimentary) and alveoli in an under-developed lobe. Both the size and the weight of the lung are reduced. The true prevalence is not well known (1.4% of all births according to Knox et al. 13), but in cases of premature rupture of membranes at 15-28 weeks gestation, the reported prevalence of pulmonary hypoplasia ranges from 9 to 28%. Factors that contribute to pulmonary hypoplasia include adequate volume of the thoracic cavity, pulmonary fluid dynamics, and abnormal fetal breathing movements.


pulmonary embolism and infarction

Localized necrosis of lung tissue caused by obstruction of the arterial blood supply, most often due to pulmonary embolism.


pulmonary sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis affecting the lung parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas in the lung tissues. It is manifested with dyspnea, cough, fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss.


pulmonary valve insufficiency

Dysfunction of the pulmonary valve characterized by incomplete valve closure.


Congenital stenosis of pulmonary valve

Pulmonary valve stenosis that is present at birth.


Pulmonary vasculitis

Cellular inflammation, vessel destruction, and tissue necrosis of the blood vessels of the lung.


Absent pulse

The pulsation of an artery where the pulse is taken (e.g. the radial artery at the wrist) cannot be detected on physical examination.


pulpitis

Inflammation of the dental pulp.


Abnormal pulse

An anomaly of the rhythmic throbbing of an artery that reflects the widening of the artery as blood flows through it and is caused by successive contractions of the heart.


pupil disorder

A disease involving the pupil.


Purulent Discharge

Pus-containing fluid that is draining from an orifice or wound.


Pustule

A small elevation of the skin containing cloudy or purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.


pyoderma

Any skin disease that is pyegenic.


pyogenic granuloma

A disorder of the skin, the oral mucosa, and the gingiva, that usually presents as a solitary polypoid capillary hemangioma often resulting from trauma. It is manifested as an inflammatory response with similar characteristics to those of a granuloma.


pyomyositis

Pyomyositis (PM) is a rare primary bacterial infection of the skeletal muscle, usually resulting from hematogenous spread or due to muscle injury, and characterized by pain and tenderness in the affected muscle, fever and abscess formation.


quadriplegia

Paralysis of all four limbs.


radiation pneumonitis

Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.