Refractory Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Benign neoplasm of hilus of lung

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A neoplasm that arises from the hilar region of lung and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage I Lung Cancer AJCC v6

Stage I includes: IA: (TI, N0, M0) and IB: (T2, N0, M0).  TI: Tumor 3 cm or less in greatest dimension surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor with any of the following features of size or extent: More than 3cm in greatest dimension.  Involves main bronchus, 2cm or more distal to the carina.  Invades the visceral pleura.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


pleural solitary fibrous tumor

A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation, that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage I

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Yolk Sac Tumor

A yolk sac tumor that arises within the myocardium or cardiac chambers.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IIa

The tumor shows microscopic invasion into the capsule.


Locally Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Lung neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Congenital Peribronchial Myofibroblastic Tumor

A rare lung neoplasm that occurs in the intrauterine and perinatal period. It is characterized by the proliferation of spindle cells in an interstitial, peribronchial pattern. Surgical resection of the involved lung parenchyma is the treatment of choice.


Stage IA3 Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA3 includes: T1c, N0, M0. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


benign neoplasm of heart

A benign neoplasm that involves the heart.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma Molecular Subtypes

A header term that refers to the molecular classification of lung small cell carcinoma according to the relative expression of four transcription factors: achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3).


Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma

A rare type of thymoma characterized by the presence of multiple, well formed epithelial nodules separated by a lymphocytic stroma that usually contains germinal centers.  Reported cases have not been associated with recurrences or metastases.


benign neoplasm of myocardium

A benign neoplasm that involves the myocardium.


Stage IV Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Pleural mesothelioma with a locally advanced technically unresectable tumor.  Tumor involving all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction; direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum; direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura; direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs; direct extension of tumor into the spine; tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion or tumor involving the myocardium.  N3: Pleural mesothelioma with metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, contralateral internal mammary, ipsilateral or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2b, N0, M0); IIB: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T1c, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0); (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1a, b, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor with no mediastinal pleura involvement. T1b: Tumor with direct invasion of mediastinal pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Mature B-Cell Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from mature B-lymphocytes or plasma cells in the lung.  Representative examples include mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and primary pulmonary plasmacytoma.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to axilla

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the structures of the axilla from another anatomic site.


Stage IIIB Thymoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Benign Pericardial Germ Cell Tumor

A germ cell tumor that arises from the pericardium. There is no evidence of atypia or metastases.


A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm arising from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


Unresectable Lung Carcinoma

Lung carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Lung Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare, low-grade carcinoma that arises endobronchially in the central airways. It is associated with the presence of EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion protein expression. It is composed of small to medium-sized malignant epithelial cells with clear and eosinophilic cytoplasm forming nests, cords, and trabeculae in a myxohyaline and fibrous stroma.


Stage IA Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Benign Atrial Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the right or left atrium and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1,M0); (T3, N2, M0) or IIIB (Any T, N3, M0); (T4, Any N, M0).  N1: Metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes, and intrapulmonary nodes including involvement by direct extension of the primary tumor.  N2: Metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s).  T1: Tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor has any of the following features of size or extent: more than 3 cm in greatest dimension; involves the main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina; invades the visceral pleura; associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung.  T3: Tumor (of any size) directly invades any of the following: chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina; or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, carina; or separate tumor nodules in the same lobe; or tumor with a malignant pleural effusion.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


endocardium cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the endocardium.


Benign Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

A germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. There is no evidence of atypia or metastases.


Mediastinal Myeloid Sarcoma

A mass-forming malignant neoplasm that arises from the mediastinum and is characterized by the proliferation of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. It may present in association with or precede acute myeloid leukemia, or it may be the first manifestation of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.


Cardiac Cavernous Hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces.


Refractory Lung Carcinoma

Lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a thymic epithelial neoplasm, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to thymomas, thymic carcinomas, thymic neuroendocrine tumors, and combined thymic carcinomas. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Lung

The spread of a carcinoma to the lung. This may be from a primary lung carcinoma, or from a carcinoma at a distant anatomic site.


pleural cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the pleura. A representative example of primary malignant pleural neoplasm is the malignant pleural mesothelioma. A representative example of metastatic malignant neoplasm to the pleura is metastatic carcinoma that has spread to the pleura from another anatomic site.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of mediastinum

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum.  It usually involves mediastinal lymph nodes and/or the thymus.  Signs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats.


Pericardial Germ Cell Tumor

A rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the pericardium. The reported cases have been teratomas and yolk sac tumors.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage IIIA

Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


chest wall lipoma

A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the chest wall.


Transplant-Related Lung Carcinoma

A lung carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Thymoliposarcoma

A liposarcoma that arises from the thymus gland.  It is characterized by the presence of a liposarcomatous malignant infiltrate that entraps lobules of thymic tissue.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of lung cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system derives from analyses of the new retrospective and prospective databases of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). These databases contain information on patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 1999 to 2010 originating from 35 different databases in 16 countries around the world. This staging system applies to carcinomas of the lung, including non-small cell and small cell carcinomas, and bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. It does not apply to sarcomas or other rare tumors of the lung. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lung Malignant PEComa

A malignant lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).


Pleural Carcinomatosis

Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to the pleura.


solitary plasmacytoma of chest wall

A solitary plasmacytoma that arises from the chest wall.


Stage IV Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

Tumor with distant metastasis. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


Thymoma by Masaoka-Koga Stage

A staging system for thymoma based on the anatomic extent of disease at the time of surgery.


thymus cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the thymus. This category includes malignant thymomas, thymic lymphomas, primary thymic carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas from other anatomic sites.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Myeloid Sarcoma

A rare extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the heart.  It may present in association with or as a site of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. Rare cases of myeloid sarcoma of the heart preceding acute myeloid leukemia have also been reported.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine-High Subtype

Lung small cell carcinoma characterized by high expression pattern of different neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, and gastrin-releasing peptide. It is associated with low numbers of infiltrating immune cells (immune desert phenotype).


Microscopic Thymoma

A rare type of thymoma, composed of multifocal epithelial proliferations less than 1 mm in diameter.  This type of thymoma usually occurs in myasthenia gravis patients without any macroscopic (gross) evidence of tumor.


Unresectable Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0.  T1a: Pleural mesothelioma with no involvement of the visceral pleura. N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Thymoma, type B1, malignant

A type B1 thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of mediastinum

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the mediastinum.  It may be associated with neurofibromatosis.  It often spreads to the lungs or pleura.


Thymus Lipofibroadenoma

A benign thymic tumor morphologically resembling fibroadenoma of the breast.


Thymic Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

A very rare adenocarcinoma arising from the thymus. It is characterized by the presence of malignant polygonal cells resembling hepatocytes.


Atrial Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located in the cardiac atrium.


Stage IIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T1c, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0); (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hemangiosarcoma of heart

An angiosarcoma that arises from the heart. It most often arises in the right atrium near the atrioventricular groove. The prognosis is poor.


Malignant carcinoid tumor of lung

A carcinoid tumor of the lung showing focal necrotic changes or a number of mitotic figures between 2 and 10/10 high power fields.


Pericardial Teratoma

A teratoma that arises within the pericardium.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of small cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


thoracic cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the tissues of the thorax.


Stage II Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Myoepithelial Tumor

A very rare, benign or malignant lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


Advanced Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IVA Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Colon Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

A carcinoma that originates from the colonic wall and has spread to the lungs.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Combined Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm

The reemergence of combined thymic epithelial neoplasm after a period of remission.


Advanced Lung Carcinoma

A lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Functioning Lung Carcinoid Tumor

A lung carcinoid tumor that is not associated with carcinoid syndrome.


Stage III Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adult Cardiac Cellular Rhabdomyoma

A rare cardiac rhabdomyoma occurring in adults.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic striated muscle cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and increased cellularity.


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis present. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ

A preinvasive bronchial neoplastic lesion affecting the squamous epithelium. It is characterized by the absence of progression of maturation from base to luminal surface, basilar zone expansion with cellular crowding throughout the epithelium, absence of the intermediate zone, and surface flattening confined to the most superficial cells. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio is often high and variable, the chromatin is coarse and uneven, and mitotic figures are present through full thickness. The cell size may be markedly increased. Anisocytosis and pleomorphism may be present. (Adapted from WHO, 2015)


Recurrent Mediastinal Lymphoma

The reemergence of a mediastinal lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIA Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Minimally Invasive Lung Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A morphologic variant of minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma characterized by tall columnar cells and mucin production.


Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Thymic Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the thymus gland.  It is usually of the nodular sclerosis subtype and is often associated with cystic changes in the thymic epithelium.


Stage I Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0).  T1: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal pleura with or without mediastinal pleura and with or without diaphragmatic pleural involvement. T1a: Pleural mesothelioma with no involvement of the visceral pleura. T1b: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor also involving the visceral pleura N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


sternum lymphoma

A rare lymphoma that arises from the bone or soft tissue of the sternum.


Intrathyroidal Thymoma

A rare thymoma arising within or is attached to the thyroid gland.


Unresectable Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Lung non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma Neuroendocrine Subtype

A header term that refers to the classification of lung small cell carcinoma based on the expression pattern of different neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, and gastrin-releasing peptide.


Pleural Leiomyosarcoma

A rare leiomyosarcoma that arises from the pleural cavity.


Ectopic Cervical Thymoma

A thymoma that arises in the cervical region and is not connected with the thymus gland.


keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of keratinization, pearl formation, and/or intercellular bridges.


epicardium cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the epicardium.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IV

The tumor shows metastasis throughout the pleural and/or pericardial spaces or metastasis to distant sites.


Lung Enteric Adenocarcinoma

A well-differentiated adenocarcinoma located in the lung periphery. It resembles colorectal adenocarcinoma with acinar and/or cribriform architecture and papillotubular structures.


Stage II Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle; extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor

A rare, benign, circumscribed nodule arising from the bronchioles. It is usually seen in middle-aged to elderly patients. It is characterized by the presence a two-layer cellular structure composed of a basal and luminal layer.


Atypical Adenomatous Lung Hyperplasia

A preinvasive lesion in the lung. It is characterized by the presence of a small, localized proliferation of mildly to moderately atypical type II pneumocytes and/or Clara cells lining alveolar walls and sometimes respiratory bronchioles.


Sternal Intraosseous Schwannoma

A rare schwannoma that arises from the sternum.


Lung Melanoma

A rare malignant neoplasm that derives from melanocytes and arises from the lung in a patient with no history of previous melanoma and no evidence of melanoma in another site at the time of diagnosis.  It usually presents as a solitary lesion and the prognosis is poor.


Metastatic Lung Carcinoid Tumor

Lung carcinoid tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Thymic Typical Carcinoid Tumor

A primary thymic carcinoid tumor, characterized by the presence of uniform, polygonal neoplastic cells, a low mitotic rate, and absence of necrosis.


Stage 0 Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS). Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS): adenocarcinoma with pure lepidic pattern, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Intrapulmonary thymoma

An epithelial neoplasm that arises from ectopic thymic tissue in the lung.  Histologically it is identical to the thymomas that arise from the mediastinum.  Signs and symptoms include cough, dyspnea, fever, and weight loss.  Surgical excision is the recommended treatment.


childhood mediastinal neurogenic neoplasm

A peripheral nervous system neoplasm that arises in the mediastinum during childhood.


Metastatic Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

A non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


mediastinum sarcoma

A rare sarcoma that arises from the mediastinum. Examples include liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma.


Cardiac Schwannoma

A benign peripheral nervous system neoplasm that is composed of well-differentiated Schwann cells and affects the heart.


mediastinal extraskeletal osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma arising from the mediastinum.


Stage IV Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Lung cancer with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules or malignant pleural (or pericardial) effusion.  M1b: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Ganglioneuroma of mediastinum

A ganglioneuroma arising from the mediastinum.


Thymic Atypical Carcinoid Tumor

A primary thymic carcinoid tumor, characterized by a high mitotic rate often associated with the presence of necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism.  This type of thymic carcinoid tumor has a more aggressive clinical course, compared to typical thymic carcinoid tumors.


Stage IIA Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7


Stage IB Lung Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Lung Carcinoma

A lung carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Thoracic NUT Carcinoma

A highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the thoracic structures. It is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene. It usually presents at an advanced stage with pleuritic chest pain and pleural effusion, non-productive cough, shortness of breath, and weigh loss.


Chest Wall Sarcoma

A sarcoma that arises from the anatomic structures that surround the lungs and the pleura.


axillary neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the structures of the axilla. Representative examples include axillary lipoma, axillary lymph node lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma to the axillary lymph nodes.


Resectable Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura that is amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Lung Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that involves the lungs during childhood.


mediastinal malignant lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.


Masaoka-Koga Stage I

The tumor is completely encapsulated.


Mediastinal Mature Teratoma

An extragonadal mature teratoma that arises from the mediastinum.  It is usually encapsulated and characterized by the presence of unilocular or multilocular cysts. The cysts can contain clear fluid, mucoid material, sebaceous debris, fat, hair, cartilage, and rarely teeth or bone.


Small cell lung cancer extensive stage

Small cell lung carcinoma which has spread beyond one hemi-thorax and the regional lymph nodes.


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Papillary Variant

A morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of papillary structures.


Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Lung squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Oligometastatic Lung Carcinoma

Lung carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Lung

Infiltration of the lung by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma.


Chest Wall Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor

An intermediate fibrohistiocytic neoplasm arising from the skin in the chest wall. It is a multinodular poorly circumscribed tumor, characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells, mononuclear histiocyte-like cells, and spindle fibroblast-like cells arranged in a plexiform pattern.


Stage IIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


benign neoplasm of endocardium

A benign neoplasm that involves the endocardium.


malignant neoplasm of chest wall

A cancer that involves the chest wall.


Stage II Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor with direct invasion of the pericardium (either partial or full thickness). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the lung and has spread to the liver.


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of squamous cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


neoplasm of endocardium

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the endocardium.


Locally Advanced Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Pleural malignant mesothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Lung Carcinoid Tumor

Lung carcinoid tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Platinum-Sensitive Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Lung small cell carcinoma that is sensitive to platinum therapy.


Lepidic Predominant Adenocarcinoma

A lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of mildly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma cells across the alveolar walls with at least one focus of invasive carcinoma measuring more than 5 mm in greatest dimension.


Stage IIA Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2b, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Glandular papilloma of lung

A benign papillary neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of fibrovascular cores lined by columnar, cuboidal, and goblet cells.  Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Complete resection is curative.


Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by nuclear palisading.


Stage III Thymoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Thymic Carcinoma

A thymic carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a); IVB: (Any T, N2, M0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in deep intrathoracic or cervical lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). M1b: Pulmonary intraparenchymal nodule or distant organ metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Tumor with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural or pericardial nodules or malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Most pleural (pericardial) effusions with lung cancer are a result of the tumor. In a few patients, however, multiple microscopic examinations of pleural (pericardial) fluid are negative for tumor, and the fluid is nonbloody and not an exudate. If these elements and clinical judgment dictate that the effusion is not related to the tumor, the effusion should be excluded as a staging descriptor. M1b: Tumor with single extrathoracic metastasis in a single organ (including involvement of a single nonregional node). M1c: Tumor with multiple extrathoracic metastases in a single organ or in multiple organs. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

Locoregional tumor, non-metastatic, macroscopic complete resection but microscopic residual tumor. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


neoplasm of pericardium

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the pericardium.


Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

A carcinoma that originates from the wall of the colon or rectum and has spread to the lungs.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, Y Subtype

A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) transcription factor.


Locally Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Lung squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to nearly tissues or lymph nodes.


Minimally Invasive Thymoma

A thymoma that focally infiltrates the surrounding capsule and invades the mediastinal fat.  This type of thymoma is usually recognized only after microscopic examination.  Grossly, it appears indistinguishable from encapsulated thymoma.


mediastinum liposarcoma

A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the anterior, middle or posterior mediastinum.


Cystic tumor of atrio-ventricular node

A multicystic tumor arising in the inferior interatrial septum in the region of the atrioventricular node. The vast majority of patients present with complete heart block and a minority with partial heart block. Sudden death is reported in approximately 10% of the cases. It is a morphologically benign tumor composed of cuboidal, transitional, or squamoid cells. The cells may also show sebaceous differentiation and originate from the endoderm.


Stage IIIB Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma

A sarcoma arising from the arterial intima of pulmonary arteries.


Advanced Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Small cell lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

Pleural malignant mesothelioma that is resistant to treatment.


hemangioma of mediastinum

A hemangioma that arises from the mediastinum. It can be of the capillary or the cavernous type.


Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor with Associated Hematologic Malignancy

An extragonadal non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is associated with a hematologic malignancy.  The hematologic malignancies are clonally related to the malignant germ cell tumor and include acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and mastocytosis.


Stage IB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


desmoid tumor of chest wall

An extraabdominal fibromatosis arising from the soft tissue of the chest wall. It is characterized by the presence of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation, and an infiltrative growth pattern.


Refractory Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Non-small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine-Low Subtype

Lung small cell carcinoma characterized by low expression pattern of different neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, and gastrin-releasing peptide. It is associated with increased numbers of infiltrating immune cells (immune oasis phenotype).


SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma

An aggressive, high-grade malignant neoplasm characterized by biallelic inactivation of SMARCA4 gene. It affects adults, usually heavy smokers, and involves the thorax (lung, pulmonary hilum, mediastinum, and/or pleura) with or without chest wall invasion. It is composed of sheets of malignant large round to epithelioid cells. Rhabdoid cells may be present. Increased number of mitoses and necrosis are frequently seen. The prognosis is poor.


Thymoma, type B2, malignant

A type B2 thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


choriocarcinoma of mediastinum

An extragonadal malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, and intermediate trophoblasts.  The prognosis is usually poor.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Resectable Lung Carcinoma

Lung carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


pleural mesothelioma

A neoplasm that arises from the mesothelial cells of the pleura. The primary cause is exposure to asbestos. The major histologic variants are the epithelioid malignant mesothelioma, desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma, and sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma. Patients present with persistent cough and shortness of breath.


benign neoplasm of sternum

A benign neoplasm that involves the sternum.


An intrathoracic sympathetic paraganglioma arising from paravertebral paraganglia.  In functional tumors, the hypersecretion of catecholamines results in hypertension.


Childhood Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

A rare non-small cell carcinoma of the lung that occurs during childhood.


Locally Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IIB Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pleural Calcifying Fibrous Tumor

A rare, benign, well-circumscribed lesion arising from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of fibroblasts, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, collagenous stroma formation, and dystrophic calcifications. Patients may present with chest pain, dyspnea, cough, or may be asymptomatic.


neoplasm of epicardium

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the epicardium.


Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to the lungs.


Thymic Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A primary thymic adenocarcinoma that does not conform to either low-grade papillary adenocarcinoma or enteric-type adenocarcinoma.


Lung Myoepithelioma

A very rare benign lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


Childhood Benign Thoracic Neoplasm

A childhood neoplasm that arises from the tissues of thorax and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of pleural malignant mesothelioma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Mediastinal/Thymic NUT Carcinoma

A highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the mediastinum/thymus. It is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene.


Stage IV Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis present. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, I Subtype

A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the low expression of achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1), and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) transcription factor signatures and elevated inflammatory gene signature expression.


Combined Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm

A primary thymic epithelial neoplasm, characterized by the presence of at least two distinct areas, one representing a thymoma and the other a carcinoma.  The most aggressive component usually determines the clinical outcome.


Cardiac Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma

An extraskeletal osteosarcoma that arises from the heart. It produces osteoid and bone, and occasionally shows chondroblastic differentiation.


Refractory Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Squamous Lung Dysplasia

A term referring to neoplastic changes in the bronchial epithelium manifested as dysplasia.


benign neoplasm of mediastinum

A benign neoplasm that involves the mediastinum.


Thymic Enteric-Type Adenocarcinoma

A primary thymic adenocarcinoma characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features seen in colorectal adenocarcinoma.


Stage I Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma

A rare benign neoplasm of the endocardium.  The vast majority of cases arise in the heart valves.  Histopathologic examination reveals a papilloma lined by endothelial cells with a central avascular core which contains fibroblasts and elastic fibers. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with ischemic or embolic events.


Refractory Malignant Thymoma

Malignant thymoma that does not respond to treatment.


thymus lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the thymus. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IVa

The tumor shows metastasis throughout the pleural and/or pericardial spaces.


heart leiomyosarcoma

An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the heart. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


Occult Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

A non-small cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


Stage IIIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma with Pleural Effusion AJCC v7

Stage IIIB small cell lung carcinoma that has spread to the pleural fluid.


Malignant Mediastinal Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

An extragonadal nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum.  This category includes embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and mixed germ cell tumors.


Pleural mesothelioma malignant localised

A mesothelioma that arises from the pleura with the gross appearance of a circumscribed lesion and the microscopic appearance of diffuse malignant mesothelioma, without evidence of diffuse spread.


Metastatic Intrathoracic Paravertebral Paraganglioma

An intrathoracic paravertebral paraganglioma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in situ of lung

Lung adenocarcinoma in situ characterized by the presence of type II pneumocyte and/or Clara cell differentiation. Almost all cases of lung adenocarcinoma in situ are non-mucinous.


myocardium cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the myocardium.


Stage III Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T1, T2, N1, M0); (T1, T2, N2, M0); (T3, N0, N1, N2, M0).  T1: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal pleura with or without mediastinal pleura and with or without diaphragmatic pleural involvement. T2: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle; extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma.  T3: Pleural mesothelioma with a locally advanced but potentially respectable tumor.  Tumor involving all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: involvement of the endothoracic fascia; extension into the mediastinal fat; solitary, completely respectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall; nontransmural involvement of the pericardium.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Pleural mesothelioma with metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary or hilar lymph nodes. N2: Pleural mesothelioma with metastases in the subcarinal or the ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes including the ipsilateral internal mammary and peridiaphragmatic nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Lung Mucinous Adenocarcinoma In Situ

A very rare lung adenocarcinoma in situ variant characterized by the presence of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei and abundant cytoplasmic mucin.


Pleural mesothelioma malignant advanced

Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the pleura and is classified as stage II, stage III, or stage IV.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage IV

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Lung cancer with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules or malignant pleural (or pericardial) effusion.  M1b: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

A non-small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Refractory Thymic Carcinoma

Thymic carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Combined Lung Small Cell Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma

A lung carcinoma characterized by a combination of small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

A squamous non-small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Lung Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Lung neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to heart

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the heart from another primary anatomic site.


Locally Advanced Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

A non-small cell squamous carcinoma of the lung that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


pleural lipoma

A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the pleural cavity. It may be purely intra-thoracic or extend to the chest wall.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of lung carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Lung Carcinoma Metastatic in the Central Nervous System

A carcinoma that has spread to the central nervous system from its original site in the lung, through the hematogenous route.


Stage II Lung Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: IIA (T1, N1, M0) and IIB (T2, N1, M0) or (T3, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor has any of the following features of size or extent: more than 3 cm in greatest dimension; involves the main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina; invades the visceral pleura; associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung.  T3: Tumor (of any size) directly invades any of the following: chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina; or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes, and intrapulmonary nodes including involvement by direct extension of the primary tumor. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IV Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Refractory Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, P Subtype

A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) transcription factor.


Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T1c, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); IIIB: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T1c, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N2, M0); IIIC: (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N3, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage I

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Lung Mixed Squamous Cell and Glandular Papilloma

An exceedingly rare benign endobronchial neoplasm characterized by the presence of fibrovascular cores which are lined by both squamous and glandular epithelium. Patients present with obstructive symptoms. Complete resection is curative.


Childhood Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that involves the tissues of the thorax during childhood.


carcinosarcoma of lung

A morphologic variant of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma composed of a mixture of non-small cell lung carcinoma and a sarcomatous component.


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Clear Cell Variant

A morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IIb

The tumor shows invasion through the capsule and into the surrounding fatty tissue.


constitutional neutropenia

A rare disorder characterized by recurrent infantile infections and absence of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.


Neutropenia-monocytopenia-deafness syndrome is characterized by neutropenia with myeloid marrow hypoplasia, monocytopenia, and congenital deafness. It has been described in three siblings who suffered recurrent bacterial infections.


autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to JAGN1 deficiency

Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the JAGN1 gene, encoding protein jagunal homolog 1.


primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to p14 deficiency

Primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to p14 deficiency is characterized by short stature, hypopigmentation, coarse facies and frequent bronchopulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.


Lichtenstein syndrome

Lichstenstein syndrome is characterized by frequent infections associated with osteoporosis, a tendency for fractures and osseous anomalies. It has been described in two monozygotic twin brothers. Transmission is autosomal recessive.


X-linked severe congenital neutropenia

This syndrome is an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent major bacterial infections, severe congenital neutropenia, and monocytopenia. It has been described in five males spanning three generations of one family. It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait and is caused by mutations in the WAS gene, encoding the WASP protein.


neutropenia, severe congenital, 11, autosomal dominant


Kostmann syndrome

Kostmann syndrome is a rare, severe, congenital neutropenia disorder characterized by a lack of mature neutrophils (absolute neutrophil counts less than 500 cells/mm3) associated with frequent, recurrent bacterial infections (e.g. otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis, urinary tract infections, abscesses of skin and/or liver) and increased promyelocytes in the bone marrow. Periodontal disease, as well as neurological symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, severe neurodegeneration and epilepsy, have been reported in some patients.


WHIM syndrome 1

A congenital autosomal dominant immune deficiency characterized by abnormal retention of mature neutrophils in the bone marrow (myelokathexis) and occasional hypogammaglobulinemia, associated with an increased risk for bacterial infections and a susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV) induced lesions (cutaneous warts, genital dysplasia and invasive mucosal carcinoma).


autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to CXCR2 deficiency


autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia

Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.


neutropenia, severe congenital, 8, autosomal dominant


Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the VPS45 gene, encoding vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45. It is characterized by neutrophil dysfunction, a lack of response to G-CSF, life-threatening infections, bone marrow fibrosis, and renal extramedullary hematopoiesis.


neutropenia, severe congenital, 2, autosomal dominant

Any autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GFI1 gene.


neutropenia, severe congenital, 10, autosomal recessive


autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to CSF3R deficiency

Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the CSF3R gene, encoding granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor. It is characterized by the onset of recurrent infections in infancy or early childhood and peripheral neutropenia, despite normal granulocyte maturation, that is unresponsive to treatment with G-CSF.


neutropenia, lethal congenital, with eosinophilia


glycogen storage disease Ib

A type of glycogenosis due to G6P deficiency.


neutropenia, severe congenital, 1, autosomal dominant

Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the ELANE gene, encoding neutrophil elastase


Cohen syndrome

Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic developmental disorder characterized by microcephaly, characteristic facial features, hypotonia, non-progressive intellectual deficit, myopia and retinal dystrophy, neutropenia and truncal obesity.


autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to G6PC3 deficiency

Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the G6PC3 gene, encoding glucose-6-phosphatase 3. It is characterized by cardiac abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, intermittent thrombocytopenia and a prominent superficial venous pattern.


autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia

Autosomal dominant form of severe congenital neutropenia.


neutropenia, severe congenital, 9, autosomal dominant


poikiloderma with neutropenia

A skin disease characterized by poikiloderma, hyperkeratotic nails, generalized hyperkeratosis on palms and soles, neutropenia, short stature, and recurrent pulmonary infections. It has material basis in mutation in the C16ORF57 gene on chromosome 16q13.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit isoform 1 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit methylated 2 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (human) that has been methylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-429 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P23921. UniProtKB:P23921, Cys-429, MOD:00660.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit deaminated 2 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (human) that has been deaminated on the residue at the position equivalent to Gln-530 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P23921. UniProtKB:P23921, Gln-530, MOD:00685.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit methylated 1 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (human) that has been methylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-26 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P23921. UniProtKB:P23921, Cys-26, MOD:00660.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit cysteinylated 2 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (human) that has been cysteinylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-444 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P23921. UniProtKB:P23921, Cys-444, MOD:00765.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit deaminated 1 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (human) that has been deaminated on the residue at the position equivalent to Asn-85 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P23921. UniProtKB:P23921, Asn-85, MOD:00684.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit deaminated 3 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (human) that has been deaminated on the residue at the position equivalent to Gln-678 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P23921. UniProtKB:P23921, Gln-678, MOD:00685.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit cysteinylated 1 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (human) that has been cysteinylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-26 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P23921. UniProtKB:P23921, Cys-26, MOD:00765.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit cysteinylated 3 (human)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (human) that has been cysteinylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-429 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P23921. UniProtKB:P23921, Cys-429, MOD:00765.


porokeratosis 8, disseminated superficial actinic type


linear porokeratosis

Linear porokeratosis is a rare skin condition characterized by streaks of reddish-brown patches surrounded by a ridge-like border.The patches usually develop in infants or young children, but they sometimes develop in adults.


porokeratosis 6, disseminated superficial actinic type


porokeratosis 9, multiple types

Any porokeratosis (disease) in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FDPS gene.


disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is the most common form of porokeratosis characterized by the presence of several small annular plaques with a distinctive keratotic rim found most commonly on sun-exposed areas of the skin, particularly the extremities.


porokeratosis 5, disseminated superficial actinic type


porokeratosis of Mibelli

Porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) is a form of porokeratosis that is characterized by the presence of brown single or multiple annular plaques of varying size, that are sometimes confluent, with a distinctive sharply-defined keratotic border.


porokeratosis 4, disseminated superficial actinic type


porokeratosis 3, disseminated superficial actinic type


porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata

Porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata (PPPD) is a rare form of porokeratosis occurring mainly in adolescence and characterized by small pruritic or painful keratotic papules that first appear on the palms and soles, and may gradually become generalized.


Grade 2 Non-Malignant Ascites, CTCAE

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 hydroxylated 1 (human)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (human) that has been hydroxylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Trp-99 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q13043-1. Example: UniProtKB:Q13043-1, Trp-99, MOD:01622.


ethmoid sinusitis

An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the ethmoid sinus.


acute ethmoiditis

Acute form of ethmoid sinusitis.


chronic ethmoidal sinusitis

Inflammation of the ethmoid sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.


infiltrating nipple syringomatous adenoma

An invasive, non-metastasizing neoplasm with sweat duct differentiation that arises in the area of the nipple. Local recurrences have been reported.


breast fibroepithelial neoplasm

A benign or malignant biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial and a mesenchymal (stromal) component. The typical examples are fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor.


breast neuroendocrine neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the breast and is composed of cells of neuroendocrine origin. Most cases are neuroendocrine carcinomas. Primary carcinoid tumors of the breast are very rare.


breasts and/or nipples, aplasia or hypoplasia of, 2

Any isolated congenital breast hypoplasia/aplasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PTPRF gene.


benign eccrine breast spiradenoma

A very rare, benign sweat gland neoplasm that affects the breast. It is characterized by the proliferation of basaloid epithelial cells.


isolated congenital breast hypoplasia/aplasia


blunt duct adenosis of breast

Breast adenosis characterized by the presence of ducts with distended lumen and columnar cell metaplasia.


breast synovial sarcoma

A synovial sarcoma (disease) that involves the breast.


breast myofibroblastoma

A myofibroblastoma occurring in the breast of both women and men. It presents as a slowly growing mass.


apocrine adenosis of breast

Breast adenosis characterized by the presence of extensive apocrine metaplasia.


breast fibrocystic change, proliferative type

Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the presence of epithelial cell hyperplasia. Epithelial atypia may be present or absent.


breast phyllodes tumor

A benign, malignant, or borderline circumscribed biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast. It usually affects middle-aged women. It is characterized by the presence of a double layer of epithelial cells that are arranged in clefts, surrounded by a spindle cell mesenchymal (stromal) component.


breast fibrosis

Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the prominence of fibrotic changes in the parenchyma.


salivary gland type cancer of the breast

A group of uncommon neoplasms, usually seen in the salivary glands but occurring in the breast, with a variable clinicopathologic spectrum and divided into those with myoepithelial differentiation and those without. This group includes mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and oncocytic carcinoma.


acropectororenal dysplasia

Acro-pectoro-renal field defect is a very rare association of a Poland anomaly, that is characterized by unilateral absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle (most frequently involving the sternocostal head) and a variable degree of ipsilateral hand anomalies (including symbrachydactyly, brachydactyly, absent thumb and hypoplastic fingers), combined with a genito-urinary anomaly. Associated genito-urinary anomalies reported include renal hypoplasia or agenesis, duplex collecting system, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, hypospadias and undescended testicles.


intraductal breast neoplasm

A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises anywhere in the ductal system of the breast. This category includes intraductal papilloma, intraductal papillary carcinoma, ductal hyperplasia with or without atypia, and ductal carcinoma in situ.


solitary cyst of breast

A single, fluid-filled cyst in the breast parenchyma.


microglandular adenosis of breast

A rare variant of breast adenosis characterized by the proliferation of small round glands in a collagenous stroma. The epithelial cells are cuboidal and there are no myopepithelial cells present. There is no evidence of atypia.


breast implant illness

A syndrome that is characterized by fatigue, problems with memory or concentration, joint and muscle pain, hair loss, weight changes and anxiety/depression. This syndrome may be related to breast implants


lactocele

Single or multiple, milk-containing nodules in the breast. It is caused by obstruction of the breast ducts during lactation. Needle aspiration of the milk is the treatment of choice.


benign breast phyllodes tumor

A usually unilateral, benign and well circumscribed biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast. It usually affects middle-aged women. It is characterized by the presence of a double layer of epithelial cells that are arranged in clefts, surrounded by a cellular, monomorphic spindle cell mesenchymal component. Mitoses are rare. Necrotic changes may be present in large tumors.


breast adenomyoepithelial adenosis

An uncommon variant of breast adenosis characterized by the presence of irregularly shaped glands, epithelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, and prominent myopepithelial cells. Mild atypia may be present.


breast giant fibroadenoma

A breast fibroadenoma characterized by a very large size. This term has also been used as a synonym for juvenile fibroadenoma by some authors. The latter is characterized by epithelial hyperplasia and an increased stromal cellularity.


nipple neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises in the area of the nipple.


familial juvenile hypertrophy of the breast

Familial juvenile hypertrophy of the breast is a rare breast malformation disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral, symmetrical or asymmetrical, uncontrolled, rapid and massive enlargement of the breast(s) in peripubertal females, occurring in various members of a family. Additional associated manifestations may include skin hyperemia, dilated subcutaneous veins, skin necrosis, kyphosis, lordosis and anonychia. Growth and development are otherwise normal.


benign neoplasm of male breast

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the breast parenchyma in males.


multiple fibroadenoma of the breast

Mammary polyadenomatosis is characterized by the presence in both breasts of multiple voluminous fibroadenomas with heterogeneous echo patterns.


craniofrontonasal dysplasia-Poland anomaly syndrome

Cranio-fronto-nasal dysplasia - Poland anomaly is a polymalformative syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis, Poland anomaly, cranio-fronto-nasal dysplasia, and genital and breast anomalies. Less than ten cases have been described so far.


usual ductal breast hyperplasia

A neoplastic ductal proliferative lesion of the breast characterized by the formation of secondary lumens and prominent intraductal proliferation of a heterogeneous cellular population that may include epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, or metaplastic apocrine cells.


breast angiomatosis

A benign diffuse vascular proliferation in the breast. It is characterized by the formation of capillary-sized and cavernous vascular spaces.


breasts and/or nipples, aplasia or hypoplasia of, 1


flat ductal epithelial atypia

A breast lesion characterized by the presence of dilated terminal ductal lobular units in which the epithelial lining has been replaced by a single layer of mildly atypical cells, or there is atypical, monotonous epithelial hyperplasia of three to five layers. This lesion relates to columnar cell change with atypia and columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia.


breast lipoma

A benign, mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the breast. It is surrounded by a thin capsule and composed of mature adipose tissue cells. Atypia is absent.


non-proliferative fibrocystic change of the breast

Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the absence of epithelial cell hyperplasia.


infant gynecomastia

Transient bilateral swelling of breast tissue in a neonate that results from the waning influence of maternal estrogen.


diabetic mastopathy

Diabetic mastopathy are noncancerous lesions in the breast most commonly diagnosed in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes. The cause of this condition is unknown. Symptoms may include hard, irregular, easily movable, discrete, painless breast mass(es).


sclerosing adenosis of breast

Breast adenosis characterized by the proliferation of acini, a lobulated architectural pattern, and stromal sclerosis. The luminal epithelial and myopepithelial cells are preserved. Microcalcifications and foci of apocrine metaplasia may be present.


breast pericanalicular fibroadenoma

A morphologic variant of breast fibroadenoma without clinical significance. It is characterized by circumferential proliferation of stromal cells around the ducts. This results in the formation of rounded ductal-epithelial structures.


breast intracanalicular fibroadenoma

A morphologic variant of breast fibroadenoma without clinical significance. It is characterized by distortion and compression of the ducts by proliferating stromal cells.


fat necrosis of breast

Localized necrosis of the adipose tissue in the breast. Clinically, it may present as a mass. Causes include injury, surgical procedures, and radiation treatment.


intraductal papillary breast neoplasm

A benign or malignant papillary neoplasm that arises anywhere in the ductal system of the breast. It is characterized by fibrovascular structures lined by epithelial proliferations. This category includes intraductal papilloma and intraductal papillary carcinoma.


lactation disease

A disorder not necessarily related to pregnancy that is observed in females and males. It is characterized by disturbances of milk secretion. Causes include damage to the breast parenchyma due to inflammation, medications, pituitary tumors, and hypothyroidism.


epicillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-amino-2-(cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)acetamido group.


flavocillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a [3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)benzoyl]nitrilo group.


sulbenicillin

A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.


Penicillanic acid carrying a (p-aminophenyl)imino]pentylidene}amino substituent at the 6beta position. It has been used as a hapten in the production of a generic monoclonal antibody for determining penicillin residues in milk.


pivmecillinam

A penicillanic acid ester that is the [(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl ester and prodrug of mecillinam.


mecillinam

A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.


metampicillin

A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(2R)-2-(methylideneamino)-2-phenylacetamido side-group.


temocillin

A penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups.


penicillin O

A penicillin where the side-chain N-acyl group is specified as allylmercaptoacetyl. Antibiotic isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum.


quinacillin

A semisynthetic penicillase-resistant penicillin with antibacterial activity; it binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall.


N-benzoylampicillin

A penicillin that is the N-benzoyl derivative of ampicillin.


clometocillin

A penicillin that is benzylpenicillin in which the phenylacetyl group has been replaced by a (3,4-dichlorophenyl)(methoxy)acetyl group. It is a mixture of epimers at the methoxy-bearing carbon.


Penicillanic acid carrying a (p-hydroxybenzylidene)amino substituent at the 6beta position. It has been used as a hapten in the production of a generic monoclonal antibody for determining penicillin residues in milk.


penicillin allergen

Any penicillin which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.


Grade 1 Jejunal Fistula, CTCAE

Asymptomatic


U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200 kDa helicase isoform 1 (human)

A U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200 kDa helicase isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Recurrent Ocular Melanoma

The reemergence of ocular melanoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Uveal Melanoma

The reemergence of uveal melanoma after a period of remission.


Lentigo maligna recurrent

The reemergence of lentigo maligna after a period of remission


Recurrent Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

The reemergence of non-cutaneous melanoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Mucosal Melanoma

The reemergence of a mucosal melanoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Cutaneous Melanoma of the Extremity

Cutaneous melanoma of the upper or lower extremity that has recurred after a period of remission.


Recurrent Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

The reemergence of acral lentiginous melanoma after a period of remission.


mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform hAlpha-2 (human)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P45984-1.


mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 phosphorylated 1 (human)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (human) that has been phosphorylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Thr-183, and phosphotyrosine at position 185 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P45984. UniProtKB:P45984, Thr-183, MOD:00047|Tyr-185, MOD:00048.


mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform hBeta-1 (human)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P45984-3.


mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform Alpha-1 (human)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform h5 (human)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P45984-5.


mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform hBeta-2 (human)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P45984-4.


voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNQ1 sequence variant R190Q (human)

A potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 (human) that has a Gln residue at the position equivalent to Arg-190 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P51787-1. Example: UniProtKB:P51787-1, Arg-190, CHEBI:30011.


Trichomonas vaginitis urogenital infection

A sexually transmitted parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginal discharge, vaginal odor, vaginal itching, and discomfort during intercourse.


Trichomonas cystitis

An cystitis caused by infection with Trichomonas vaginalis.


Trichomonas cervicitis

An cervicitis (disease) caused by infection with Trichomonas vaginalis.


Grade 2 Fibrinogen Decreased, CTCAE

<0.75-0.5 x LLN; if abnormal, 25-<50% decrease from baseline


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(8;21); (q22; q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1

An acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22; q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1 occurring in children.


Colon Liposarcoma

A liposarcoma that arises from the colon.


Grade 3 Pulmonary Artery Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform r1 (rat)

A voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S (rat) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q02485-1.


Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Locally Advanced Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Metastatic Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of nasal cavity

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the nasal cavity and is characterized by prominent production of keratin.


serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 isoform h2 (human)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O00506-2.


serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 isoform 1 (human)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 isoform h3 (human)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O00506-3.


Type A Tylosis

An inherited form of tylosis that presents between 5-14 years of age and is characterized by focal areas of nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Individuals have an increased incidence of esophageal carcinoma.


keratosis

A skin disorder consisting of hypertrophy of the stratum corneum of the skin.


Type B Tylosis

An inherited form of tylosis that presents by one year and is characterized by benign palmoplantar keratoderma.


acquired keratosis

Focal or diffuse thickening of the skin not inherited as a primary genetic disorder. Causes include inflammatory skin disorders, infectious disorders, lymphedema, and medications.


Palmoplantar keratoderma with leukoplakia

A hereditary syndrome this is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma accompanied by leukoplakia and may be associated with a high lifetime risk of esophageal cancer, as seen in Howel-Evans Syndrome.


ephrin type-B receptor 1, signal peptide removed form (human)

An ephrin type-B receptor 1 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P54762, 18-984.


ephrin type-B receptor 1, signal peptide removed phosphorylated 1 (human)

An ephrin type-B receptor 1 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed and has been post-translationally modified to include phosphotyrosine at positions 594 and 600 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P54762. UniProtKB:P54762, 18-984, Tyr-594/Tyr-600, MOD:00048.


Enteric hyperoxaluria

Excessive urinary oxalate excretion resulting from increased absorption of oxalate.