pyrimidine antifungal drug

Any pyrimidine antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


A member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group.


diazines

Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).


prolinols

The class of all compounds which contain a prolinol skeleton.


(R)-Cycrimine

The (R)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


barbiturates

Members of the class of pyrimidones consisting of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (barbituric acid) and its derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure.


Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


hydroxypyrazine

Any piperazine carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


(R)-Amlodipine

The (4R)-enantiomer of amlodipine.


monochloropyridine

A chloropyridine in which only one chlorine is attached to the pyridine ring.


long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a long-chain fatty acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.


organic oxo compound

Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.


beta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group.


(R)-Acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


L-Lactic acid

An optically active form of lactic acid having (S)-configuration.


(-)-trans-Permethrin

trans-Permethrin with configuration 1S,3R.


branched-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids.


oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group.


macrolide

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide.


avermectin analogue

A macrolide whose structure is related to that of an avermectin.


aromatic ketone

A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring.


N-acylglycine

An N-acyl-amino acid in which amino acid specified is glycine.


pyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class.


thioacetate ester

A compound of general formula CH3C(=O)SR where R is an organyl group.


2-methoxyethyl ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between a carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-methoxyethanol. In contrast to many other water-solubilising esters, the 2-methoxyethyl esters of many amino acids are crystalline, allowing them to be easily purified.


long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at position 3 by a formyl group.


hydroxy-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid bearing one or more hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


Mesotrione

An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


(S)-prasugrel

An 5-[2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl acetate that is the (S)-enantiomer of prasugrel (the racemate is a cardiovascular drug).


enone

An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


(R)-climbazole

The (R)-enantiomer of 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one.


polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.


heterocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of atoms including at least one heteroatom.


DL-Methionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.


DL-Glutamine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.


Epanova

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


fatty acid

Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.


nitrogen-containing fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing nitrogen as either a substituent or a replacement for a methylene carbon.


(R)-bambuterol

The (R)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


oxo carboxylic acid

Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.


2-Amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of kynurenine.


succinate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the esterification of one or both of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. (Succinate ester in which only one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid has been esterified are known as hemisuccinates.)


pivalate ester

A carboxylic ester of pivalic acid.


GLUTAMIC ACID, DL-

An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.


cyclitol nicotinate

A cyclitol ester that is any cyclitol in which at least one hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a nitotinoyl group.


DL-Threonine

An alpha-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


decanoate ester

A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of decanoic acid (capric acid) with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


aromatic carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.


ketone

A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).


9-Octadecenoic acid

An octadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9.


N-acyl-L-amino acid

Any N-acylamino acid having L-configuration.


(S)-bambuterol

The (S)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


heteroarenecarbaldehyde

An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene.


glutamine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.


2-Hydroxylaminobenzoic acid

An  aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substutited by a hydroxyamino group at position 2.


(R)-Bopindolol

A 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate that has R-configuration.


sulfur-containing carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent.


polyunsaturated fatty ester

Any fatty acid ester resulting from the formal esterification of the carboxy group of a polyunsaturated fatty acid.


aldehyde

A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.


unsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond.


Any oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 7.


D-Isoleucine

The D-enantiomer of isoleucine.


4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid which has a hydroxy group located gamma to the carboxy group.


naphthoic acid

An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.


DL-Citrulline

The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.


DL-Histidine

An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.


(S)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has S configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group beta to the carboxy group.


L-valyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that has L-valine as the amino acid component.


20-oxo steroid

An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20.


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy and carboxy groups respectively.


DL-Dopa

A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.


non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid

Any  alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


fluoroamino acid

An organofluorine compound that consists of an amino acid substituted by a fluoro group.


An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a 4-methylbenzyl group. Isolated from Onosma hispida, it exhibits inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase.


(S)-climbazole

The (S)-enantiomer of 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one.


Anthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.


diamino acid

Any amino acid carrying two amino groups.


A non-proteinognic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-fluoro-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl group.


carbamate fungicide

Compounds that contain a carbamate ester moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


tricarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing three carboxy groups.


dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives

A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.


N-acyl-D-phenylalanine

Any N-acyl-D-amino acid obtained by the formal N-acylation of D-phenylalanine.


macrocyclic lactone

Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule.


secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing one hydrogen and one organyl group. Secondary alpha-hydroxy ketones are also known as acyloins, and are formally derived from reductive coupling of two carboxylic acid groups.


delta-lactone

A lactone having a six-membered lactone ring.


docosahexaenoic acid

Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.


4-Amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid

4-Aminobenzoic acid in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine.


beta-diketone

A diketone in which the two keto groups are separated by a single carbon atom.


alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester

A carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)OR(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


benzoate ester

Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids.


(R)-Methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has R configuration. Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


Dilacor XR

A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.


chlorocarboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.


tetracarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing four carboxy groups.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (i.e. phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). A closed class.


acetate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


methyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.


hexadecanoate ester

A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


formate ester

An ester of formic acid.


aromatic amino acid

An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.


DL-Leucine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.


alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone

A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.


nystatins

A class of polyene antifungal antibiotics produced by Streptomyces noursei, and other Streptomyces species.


L-alanyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-alanine with an alcohol.


trans-permethrin

Permithrin in which the 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and the carboxylate ester group are in a trans-configuration.


methyl ketone

A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).


DL-Isoleucine

A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


thia fatty acid

Any fatty acid having at least one of the chain methylene groups replaced by sulfur. Members of this group are believed to have important pharmacological (antioxidant and antiatherosclerosis) properties.


polar amino acid

Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.


carbocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of carbon atoms.


4-Nitroanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid with a nitro substituent at position 4.


dodecanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is lauric acid.


monocarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.


trienoic fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds.


quinic acid

A cyclitol carboxylic acid.


cyclitol ester

A carboxylic ester that is any cyclitol in which at least one hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by an acyl group.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


fatty acid 22:6

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 6 double bonds.


dicarboxylic acid monoester

A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid.


DL-Ornithine

An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.


aspartate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class.


An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid substituted at position 5 by a (1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl group.


diketone

A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.


epsilon-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position epsilon to the carboxy group.


N-acyl-L-glutamic acid

Any optically active N-acylglutamic acid having L-configuration.


amino acid

A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.


haloamino acid

Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group.


non-proteinogenic amino acid

Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.


C4-dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.


quinolinemonocarboxylic acid

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent.


glycinyl ester

An alpha-amino acid ester in which the amnio acid component is glycine.


A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


2-Amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid

A member of the class of chlorobenzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the ring hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by amino and chloro groups, respectively.


beta-amino acid ester

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a beta-amino acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl ester


A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.


tert-butyl ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with tert-butanol.


phenyl acetates

An acetate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of any phenol.


ethyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol.


oxyketone

A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.


11-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid that has an oxo substituent at position 11.


(R)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has R configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


sterol ester

A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol.


L-alpha-amino acid

Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.


DL-Tyrosine

An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.


A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond.


alpha-oxyketone

An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.


4-hydroxybenzoate ester

A benzoate ester that is an ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.


N-phenylanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of  anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.


dicarboxylic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing two carboxy groups.


3-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group.


thioester

A compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'. Compare with thionoester, RC(=S)OR'.


branched-chain amino acid

Any  amino acid  in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents


fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with ethanol.


3-Aminobenzoic acid

An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.


isopropyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of propan-2-ol.


hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


(R)-carisoprodol

The (R)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


Chlorogenic Acid

A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin.


sulfanylbenzoic acid

A benzoic acid carrying at least one sulfanyl substituent.


N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


butyrate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is butyric acid.


tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.


alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.


DL-Arginine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.


phenylacetic acids

Any monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid or its substituted derivatives.


N-acetyl-L-amino acid

An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent.


amino acid ester

Any  carboxylic ester derivative of an amino acid.


A C21-steroid that is  pregnane substituted by an oxo group at position 20 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


cinnamic acids

Any alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


DL-Penicillamine

An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.


DL-Serine

An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.


triketone

A compound that contains three ketone functionalities.


cyclopropanecarboxylate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol with the carboxy group of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or its substituted derivatives.


dihydrochalcones

Any ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropanone and its derivatives obtained by substitution.


alpha-amino acid ester

The amino acid ester derivative obtained the formal condensation of an alpha-amino acid with an alcohol.


(R)-Warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (R)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


cardiac glycoside

Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.


carboxylic ester

An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.


steroid aldehyde

Any steroid substituted by a formyl group.


Phosphonoacetic acid

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.


octadecenoic acid

Any member of the group of C18 monounsaturated fatty acids with the double bond located at any position in the chain.


retinyl palmitate

A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.


N-Acetyltyrosine

An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.


propanoate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is  propionic acid.


The 5beta-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxypregnan-20-one.


olefinic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond.


essential fatty acid

Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement.


4-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy substituent gamma to a carboxy group.


dicarboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.


(S)-Acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


beta-triketone

A triketone in which the each ketone functionality is located beta- to the other two.


heptanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester where the carboxylic acid component is heptanoic (also known as enanthic) acid.


delta-amino acid ester

Any ester of a delta-amino acid.


N-acetyl-amino acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group.


macrolide lactam

A macrolide in which the macrocyclic lactone ring includes an amide group.


N-acyl-amino acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid.


DL-Valine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.


indole-3-acetic acids

An  indol-3-yl carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid specified is acetic acid.


DL-Aspartic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent


gamma-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group.


dihalogenated L-tyrosine

An L-tyrosine derivative which has two halogeno-substituents on the benzyl moiety.


alpha-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.


(S)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has S configuration.  Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


D-Gluconic acid, delta-lactone

An aldonolactone obtained by formal oxidation of the anomeric position of any aldopyranose.


hydroxybenzophenone

Any benzophenone into which is substituted one or more hydroxy groups.


macrolide antibiotic

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.


(S)-carisoprodol

The (S)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


omega-6 fatty acid

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


A deuterated compound that is is an isotopologue of glycine in which all five hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.


alkyl caffeate ester

A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of caffeic acid with any alkyl alcohol.


2-Amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid

An aminobenzoic acid in which the the amino group is ortho- to the carboxylic acid group, and which is substituted para- to the amino group by a nitro group.


A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda(5)-quinolin-4-one carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 3.


cyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing anywhere in its structure a ring of atoms.


Uvaretin

A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is 1,3-diphenylpropan-1-one in which the phenyl group that is bonded to the carbonyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4, an o-hydroxybenzyl group at position 3, and a methoxy group at position 6. A cytotoxic natural product found  particularly in Uvaria acuminata and Uvaria chamae.


carboxybiphenyl

Any member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more carboxy groups attached to the biphenyl skeleton.


ynone

An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C#C triple bond at the alpha,beta position.


acetophenones

A class or aromatic ketone consisting of acetophenone, PhC(=O)CH3, and its substituted derivatives.


hydroxytryptophan

A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.


monounsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment.


N-acyl-D-amino acid

Any N-acyl-amino acid in which the amino acid moiety has D configuration.


D-Lactic acid

An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.


(r)-Mandelic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of mandelic acid.


chlorobenzoic acid

Any member of the class of benzoic acids in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one chloro group.


erythromycin

Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).


enoate ester

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


fatty acid 20:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 5 double bonds.


medium-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.


beta-hydroxy ketone

A ketone containing a hydroxy group on the beta-carbon relative to the C=O group.


primary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a -CH2 (methylene) group.


carbonyl compound

Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.


A quinolone that is 4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5(1H)-one substituted by methyl, (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl, 2-fluorophenyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 7, respectively (the 4S,7S-stereoisomer). It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3) and a ferroptosis inducer.


delta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position delta to the carboxy group.


fatty acid 18:3

Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons.


DL-Asparagine

An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.


fatty acid ester

A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid.


bromoamino acid

An amino acid containing at least one bromo substituent.


octadecanoid

Unsaturated C18 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.


Roxithromycin

Semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin A.


carboxylic acid

A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.


cyclodepsipeptide

A depsipeptide in which the amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues are connected in a ring.


benzoic acids

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group.


(S)-Warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


pivaloyloxymethyl ester

A acetal obtained from a carboxylic acid by replacement of the hydrogen attached to the carboxy group by a pivaloyloxymethyl group.


ketoaldonic acid

Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group.


benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide

Any carbamate fungicide that contains a benzimidazolyl group attached to the nitrogen of the carbamate moiety.


serine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class.


indol-3-yl carboxylic acid

Any indolyl carboxylic acid carrying an indol-3-yl or substituted indol-3-yl group.


(R)-prasugrel

An 5-[2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl acetate that is the (R)-enantiomer of prasugrel (the racemate is a cardiovascular drug).


dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any  hydroxy monocarboxylic acid carrying at least two hydroxy groups.


methoxybenzoic acid

Any benzoic acid carrying one or more methoxy substituents.


chlorine molecular entity

A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.


Teicoplanin A2-3

A teicoplanin A2 that has decanoyl as the variable N-acyl group.


chloropyridyl insecticide

An organochlorine insecticide based on a chloropyridyl skeleton and its derivatives.


trichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.


Teicoplanin A2-2

A teicoplanin A2 that has 8-methylnonanoyl as the variable N-acyl group.


chloromethanes

A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by chlorine.


Teichomycin A2 factor 5

A teicoplanin A2 that has 9-methyldecanoyl as the variable N-acyl group.


chlorohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing at least one hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom.


monochlorobenzenes

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.


organochlorine acaricide

Any organochlorine pesticide that has been used as an acaricide.


Teicoplanin A2-4

A teicoplanin A2 that has 8-methyldecanoyl as the variable N-acyl group.


organochlorine pesticide

Any organochlorine compound that has been used as a pesticide.


chloroalkene

A compound derived from an alkene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom.


chloroethanes

A chloroalkane that is ethane in which one or more of the  hydrogens is replaced by chlorine.


chlorocarbon

Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.


Chloride ion

A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.


tetrachlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions.


chlorinated steroid

A steroid which is substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.


organochlorine compound

An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.


Clorprenaline, (R)-

A 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol that has (R)-configuration.


chlorophenylethane

Any  chlorohydrocarbon that is phenylethane substituted by at least one chloro group at unspecified position.


(S)-Azelastine

The (S)-enantiomer of azelastine.


cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide

A sub-category of organochlorine insecticides, the members of which are all derived from hexachlorocyclopentadiene. They possess a structure based on two 3-dimensional carbon ring units, one of which is heavily chlorinated.


Tipifarnib

A quinolone that is 1-methylquinolin-2-one which carries a 3-chlorophenyl and an amino(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methyl-imidazol-5-yl)methyl groups at the 4 and 6 positions, respectively (the R-isomer).


Asenapine

A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.


chloroolefin

A chlorohydrocarbon carrying one or more chloro groups at unspecified positions.


Clorprenaline, (S)-

A  1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol that has (S)-configuration.


ifosfamides

Compounds containing an ifosfamide skeleton.


(R)-Azelastine

The (R)-enantiomer of azelastine.


organochlorine insecticide

Any organochlorine pesticide that has been used as an insecticide.


chloroalkane

Any haloalkane that consists of an alkane substituted by at least one chloro group.


A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.


hydrochloride

A salt formally resulting from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base.


chlorobenzenes

Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines.


monosaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide.


aldohexose derivative

An aldose derivative that is formally obtained from an aldohexose.


hexose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a hexose.


aldose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from an aldose.


D-hexose derivative

A hexose derivative that has D-configuration.


D-aldohexose derivative

An aldohexose derivative that has D-configuration.


pentose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose.


ketohexose derivative

A hexose derivative that is formally obtained from a ketohexose.


corticosteroid hormone

Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.


mineralocorticoid

Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism.


glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.


leucine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of leucine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing leucine residues.


L-leucine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-leucine by a heteroatom.


(R)-betaxolol

The (R)-enantiomer of betaxolol.


A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.


(R)-citalopram

A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.


(-)-Verapamil

A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.


dinitrile

A dinitrile is a compound containing two nitrile groups.


Dexverapamil

A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has R configuration. It competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1, EC 3.6.3.44), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms. Dexverapamil exhibits lower calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity than racemic verapamil.


(S)-Bicalutamide

A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.


(R)-Bicalutamide

A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.


aliphatic nitrile

Any nitrile derived from an aliphatic compound.


Tetrachlorosalicylanilide

A salicylanilide derivative where the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine.


(S,R)-labetolol

A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1S,2R-configuration.


Salicylanilide

An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.


A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2S-configuration.


salicylanilides

The compound salicylanilide and its derivatives.


A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1S,2S-configuration.


Tribromsalan

A salicylanilide derivative with bromo- substituents at C-3 and C-5 of the salicylate moiety and at C-4 of the anilide moiety.


indolocarbazole

Compounds based upon an indolo[2,3-a]carbazole skeleton.


3-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3.


3alpha-hydroxy steroid

A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the alpha-position.


phytosterols

Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.


stigmastane sterol

Any sterol based on a stigmastane skeleton.


Sterol

Any 3-hydroxy steroid whose skeleton is closely related to cholestan-3-ol (additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain).


Any 3beta-hydroxy-steroid that contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17.


A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the  beta-position.


A sterol in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has beta- configuration.


macromolecule

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

A polymer composed of repeating sodium 4-ethylbenzenesulfonate units.


polyethylene macromolecule

A macromolecule composed of ethane or substituted ethane units.


copolymer macromolecule

A macromolecule derived from two or more species of monomer.


A fructan in which the D-fructose building blocks are connected by beta-(2->1) linkages.


polypeptide

A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.


exopolysaccharide

A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment.


acrylic macromolecule

A homopolymer macromolecule prepared from acrylic acid or a derivative of acrylic acid.


polyamine macromolecule

A macromolecule composed of units connected by imino (-NR-) linkages.


polysiloxane macromolecule

A macromolecule with a [-Si(R2)-O-] repeating unit.


fructan

Polysaccharides composed of fructose residues.


chondroitin 6'-sulfate

A chondroitin sulfate in which the site of sulfation is carbon 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) sugar.


corticotropin-releasing hormone

A family of peptide hormones derived from a 191-membered prehormone, secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to stress. The first full sequence was discovered in sheep, those in rats and humans differ from the ovine sequence by 7 amino acids.


homopolymer macromolecule

A macromolecule derived from one species of (real, implicit or hypothetical) monomer.


insulin

A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the beta cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies.


glycosaminoglycan

Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.


polystyrene macromolecule

Macromolecules composed of repeating substituted or unsubstituted ethylbenzene units.


polysaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide.


chondroitin sulfate E

A chondroitin sulfate in which the site of sulfation is positions 4 and 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) sugar.


polysaccharide

A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues.


poly(alkylene) macromolecule

A macromolecule composed of repeating alkane or substituted alkane units.


biomacromolecule

A macromolecule formed by a living organism.


homopolysaccharide

Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'.


vinyl polymer macromolecule

A macromolecule composed of repeating -CHR-CH2- units.


mucopolysaccharide

Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid.


alpha-glucoside

A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in an alpha configuration


anabolic androgenic steroid

A steroid hormone related to the hormone testosterone. It increases protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism), especially in muscles. It also has androgenic and virilizing properties.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole.


imidazopyridazine

An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of an imidazole ring ortho-fused to a pyridazine ring.


An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has S configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].


(-)-Synephrine

The D-enantiomer of synephrine.


oxygen-17 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 16.999131. The least abundant (0.038 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.


hydrate

An addition compound that contains water in weak chemical combination with another compound.


monocarboxylic acid amide

A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.


(S)-Modafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. The racemate comprising (S)-modafinil and its enantiomer, armodafinil, is known as modafinil and is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The enantiomers have similar pharmacological actions in animals.


N-(fatty acyl)-ethanolamine

an N-acyl-ethanolamine where the acyl group is a fatty acyl chain with composition not specified, major species at pH 7.3.


fatty amide

A monocarboxylic acid amide derived from a fatty acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole.


(R)-(+)-Atenolol

The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.


A member of the class of ethanolamines that is 2-aminoethanol substituted by a [4-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)phenoxy]methyl group at position 1. It is a metabolite of the drug atenolol.


N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine

Any N-acylethanolamine in which the acyl group has a chain length of C12 or greater.


A monocarboxylic acid amide that is 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide which is substituted at position 5 by a 3,3-dimethyltriaz-1-en-1-yl group. It is used for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma, and in combination with other drugs for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and soft-tissue sarcoma.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine

Any N-acylethanolamine in which the acyl group is derived from a saturated fatty acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isopentyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


arenecarboxamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an arene ring system.


cob(II)alamin

A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +2.


cob(I)alamin

A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +1.


cob(III)alamin

A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +3.


D-Galactose

A galactopyranose having D-configuration.


naphthols

Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.


primary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.


monohydroxyquinoline

A hydroxyquinoline carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


A quinoline having the keto group at the 4-position and an additional hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.


maltooligosaccharide

A glucooligosaccharide derived from glucose monomers linked via alpha-D-1,4 bonds as in maltose.  The term is commonly applied to the series of linear oligosaccharides composed of two, three, four, five and six such units of glucose.


primary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.


A N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine that has S configuration.


A N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine that has R configuration.


A 17-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 17 has a beta-configuration.


catechols

Any compound containing an o-diphenol component.


tertiary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.


The (S)-enantiomer of bromazine.


(+)-Nefopam

A 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is a non-opioid analgesic drug).


volatile organic compound

Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.


Levofenfluramine

The R-enantiomer of fenfluramine.


quaternary ammonium salt

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, (NH4(+))Y(-), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.


monomethoxybenzene

Compounds containing a benzene skeleton substituted with one methoxy group.


guaiacols

Any phenol carrying an additional methoxy substituent at the ortho-position.


steroid saponin

Any saponin derived from a hydroxysteroid.


bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid

A type of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid whose structures are built up of two benzylisoquinoline units linked by ether bridges. Various structural patterns resulting from additional bridging between the two units by direct carbon-carbon bridging or by methylenedioxy groups are common.


sulfur-37 atom

The radioactive isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 36.9711257 and  half-life of 5.05 min.


allenes

Any olefinic compound having two double bonds from one carbon atom to two others.


Any aminopurine that has amino substituents at positions 2 and 6, and their substituted derivatives.


A 2,6-diaminopurine that is an analogue of abacavir in which the cyclopropylamino group at position 6 of the purine moiety is replaced by a 3-cyclopropyl-3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl group. One of a series of synthesised abacavir analogues with antiviral activity found to stimulate IFN-gamma secretion in abacavir-responsive clones.


polyatomic anion

An anion consisting of more than one atom.


Azide ion

Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.


Nitrate

A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3.


oxoanion

An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.


Nitrite

The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitrous acid.


thiochromane

Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a thiopyran.


dibenzopyran

Any organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring fused with two benzene rings.


benzimidazole fungicide

Compounds that contain a benzimidazole moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


naphthalenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound having a skeleton composed of two ortho-fused benzene rings.


adamantanes

Compounds containing an adamantane skeleton.


A hydroxylamine that is N-hydroxyquinolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a (1E)-non-1-en-1-yl group. It is the most active agent produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates the growth and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus; the corresponding Z isomer is inactive.


hydroxyflavan

A member of the class of flavans in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.


isoquinolines

A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives.


androstanoid

Any steroid based on an  androstane skeleton and its derivatives.


folic acids

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


pyrrolidinopiperidine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused pyrrolidine and piperidine rings.


Indoles

Any compound containing an indole skeleton.


benzodioxine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused benzene and dioxine rings.


17alpha-hydroxy steroid

The alpha-stereoisomer of 17-hydroxy steroid.


phenanthrenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


A steroid compound with a structure based on a 19-carbon (androstane) skeleton.


A steroid that has a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure.


Levonebivolol

A 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] that has (1S,1'S,2R,2'S)-configuration.


Any aminopurine having the amino substituent at the 2-position.


anthracenes

Compounds containing an anthracene skeleton.


R-epinastine

An epinastine that has R configuration at the chiral centre.


flavonolignan

Any lignan condensed with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


spiroketal

A cyclic ketal in which the ketal carbon is the only common atom of two rings.


benzisoxazole

Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.


ortho-fused heteroarene

An ortho-fused compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one heteroatom.


polycyclic cage

A polycyclic compound having the shape of a cage.


alkyloxynaphthalene

Naphthalenes in which one or more alkyloxy groups are bonded to a naphthalene ring system.


5beta steroid

Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5.


Any C21-steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 17alpha-position. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure.


phthalimides

A dicarboximide that is phthalimide or derivatives obtained from it by the formal replacement of one or more hydrogens.


benzoxazole

Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.


benzoxaborole

Any organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of an oxoborole ring that is ortho-fused to a benzene ring.


S-epinastine

An epinastine that has S configuration at the chiral centre.


N-acylindole

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the nitrogen of an indole.


spiro-epoxide

An oxaspiro compound in which a carbon atom of an epoxide ring is the only common member of two rings.


steroid hormone

Any steroid that acts as hormone.


fluorinated steroid

A steroid which is substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position.


hydroxycoumarin

Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.


The class of beta-lactam antibiotics that whose members have a carbapenem skeleton which is variously substituted at positions 3, 4, and 6.


corticosteroid

A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.


isobenzofuranone

A 2-benzofuran containing one or more oxo groups.


7alpha-hydroxy steroid

A 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has an alpha-configuration.


Any compound having 6-aminopurine (adenine) as part of its structure.


1,8-naphthyridine derivative

Any naphthyridine derivative that is a derivative of 1,8-naphthyridine.


(+)-Nomifensine

The R enantiomer of nomifensine.


pyrrolotriazine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused pyrrolidine and triazine rings.


epoxy steroid

Any steroid whose structure includes an epoxy group.


Tetramisole

An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.


aza-steroid

An aza-steroid is a steroid where in the carbon skeleton a carbon atom is replaced by nitrogen.


hydroxynaphthalene

Any member of the class of  naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.


tetracyclic antidepressant

An antidepressant whose molecular structure consists of four ring-like structures in a T-shape.


ortho-fused compound

A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms.


pyridopyrimidine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a pyridine ring ortho-fused at any position to a pyrimidine ring.


steroid

Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene.


spiro compound

A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.


14beta-hydroxy steroid

A 14-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group has a beta-configuration.


7-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7.


benzimidazoles

An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.


benzazepine

A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to an azepine ring.


The (S)-enantiomer of dyphylline.


stigmastane derivative

Any steroid (or derivative) based on a stigmastane skeleton.


Racemethorphan

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and a methyl group at position 11.


benzodiazepine

A group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


hexahydronaphthalenes

Any carbobycyclic compound that is an hexahydronaphthalene or a compound obtained from an hexahydronaphthalene by formal substitution of one or more hydrogens.


azaspiro compound

An azaspiro compound is a spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is a nitrogen heterocyle.


pyrimidopyrimidine

An organic heterobicyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of two pyrimidine rings that are ortho-fused to each other at any position.


naphthyridine derivative

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound that is a derivative of a naphthyridine.


cinnolines

Any  organic heteropolycyclic compound based on the 1,2-diaza analogue of naphthalene and its substituted derivatives.


benzoxazocine

An organonitrogen heterocyclic compound that consists of a benzene ring ortho-fused at any position to an oxazocine ring.


Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives.


purine nucleobase

A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from purine.


tetrahydrofolic acid

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


cephamycin

Any member of the cephamycin sub-group of cephem antibiotics, differing from cephalosporins in possessing a methoxy group at the 7alpha-position of the cephem nucleus, and in being resistant to beta-lactamase.


oxaspiro compound

A spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is an oxygen heterocyle.


thienopyridine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton results from the formal ortho-fusion of any bond of a pyridine with any bond of a thiophene.


aminopurine

Any purine having at least one amino substituent.


carbobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon.


penams

Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified.


steroid acid

Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group.


furofuran

Organic heterobicyclic compounds containing a two furan rings ortho-fused to each other.


oxa-steroid

A steroid where in the carbon skeleton a carbon atom is replaced by oxygen.


carbotricyclic compound

A carbopolyclic compound comprising of three carbocyclic rings.


carbacephem

Any member of a group of synthetic antibiotics, similar to cephems but with carbon substituted for the sulfur; all possessing an acylated amine functionality at C-6 and (S,R) stereochemistry at C-6 and C-7.


chromones

A chromenone that consists of a 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


carbopolycyclic compound

A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.


bridged compound

A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two or more atoms in common.


11beta-hydroxy steroid

Any 11-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has beta- configuration.


Dexnebivolol

A 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] that has (1R,1'R,2R,2'S)-configuration.


flavans

Any flavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


methoxynaphthalene

Any alkyloxynaphthalene bearing one or more methoxy substituents.


C21-steroid hormone

A steroid compound with a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton that acts as a hormone.


cephams

Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-8-one nucleus; generally assumed to have the 6R configuration, unless otherwise specified.


17-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 17.


heteropolycyclic compound

A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.


methylindole

Any member of the class of indoles carrying one or more methyl substituents.


xanthene dye

A dye derived by condensation of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol (and derivatives) or m-aminophenol (and derivatives).


purines

A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives.


(R)-dyphylline

The (R)-enantiomer of dyphylline.


Oxazolidinone derivative

Any member of the class of indolones whose structure is based on an oxindole (2-indolone) skeleton.


imidazotetrazine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused imidazole and tetrazine rings.


oxacephem

Any member of the oxacephem sub-group of cephem antibiotics, in which the thiaazabicyclo moiety of the cephalosporins is replaced by an oxaazabicyclo moiety, and  where R3 is -H or -OCH3.


Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


benzofuran antifungal drug

Any member of the class of benzofurans which has been used as an antifungal drug.


Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the O atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


16-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 16.


tetralins

Compounds containing a tetralin skeleton.


cephalosporin

A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring.  Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy.


A benzothiazole consisting of a benzene ring fused to an isothiazole.


anthracycline antibiotic

An organic compound that has a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine and which exhibits antibiotic activity.


organic heterocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.


delta-lactam

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a six-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.


Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86


aminoquinoline

Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups.


uranidine

A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, and 8. It is isolated from the sponge Aplysina aerophoba.


bipyridines

Compounds containing a bipyridine group.


benzocycloheptathiophene

benzocycloheptathiophenes


quinolines

A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.


A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4.


biphenylyltetrazole

A member of the class of biphenyls that consists of a biphenyl ring system substituted by a tetrazole ring at an unspecified position.


An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.


A {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol that has S configuration.


An N-glycosyl compound that consists of any triazole having a glycosyl residue attached at position 1.


metalloprotoporphyrin

A metal--protoporphyrin coordination complex.


polypyrrole

A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units.


morphinane-like compound

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the  morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects.


tetrapyrrole

A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


beta-lactam antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring.


azole

Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.


fluoroquinolone antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic containing a quinolone (or quinolone-like) moiety and which have a fluorine atom attached to the central ring system.


Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86


(S)-Bendroflumethiazide

The (S)-enantiomer of bendroflumethiazide.


nucleobase-containing molecular entity

Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part.


conazole fungicide

Any conazole antifungal agent that has been used as a fungicide.


A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


aminoimidazole

Any member of the class of  imidazoles carrying at least one amino substituent.


monobactam

Monocyclic, bacterially produced or semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic. It lacks the double ring construction of the traditional beta-lactam antibiotics and can be easily synthesized.


Penigequinolone B

Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86


triazole antifungal drug

Any triazole antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


corrinoid

A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions.


porphyrins

Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure.


tetrazoles

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains four N atoms and one C atom.


benzotriazines

Compounds based on a fused triazine and benzene ring skeleton.


1,3-thiazolium cation

An organic cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1,3-thiazole.


nucleobase

That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing.


oxazole

An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.


triazole antifungal agent

A member of the class of triazole that has significant antifungal properties.


(S)-Bifonazole

A 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole that is the S-enantiomer of bifonazole.


crown compound

A macrocyclic polydentate compound, usually uncharged, in which three or more coordinating ring atoms are or may become suitably close for easy formation of chelate complexes with metal ions or other cationic species.


(R)-Bendroflumethiazide

The (R)-enantiomer of bendroflumethiazide.


beta-lactam

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


cyclic acetal

An acetal in the molecule of which the acetal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring.


cyclic hydroxamic acid

A lactam having a hydroxy substituent on the amide nitrogen.


epoxide

Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.


A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2.


quinolone antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.


imidazole antifungal drug

Any imidazole antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


thiazide

Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.


heteroarene

A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).


oxapenam

A fused-ring beta-lactam system where the beta-lactam ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazolidine ring.


A quinolone that is quinolin-2(1H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 4.


lactam

Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


cyclic ether

Any ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a ring.


imidazole antifungal agent

A compound that has significant antifungal properties whose structure contains an imidazole moiety.


conazole antifungal drug

Any conazole antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in animals or humans.


organonitrogen heterocyclic compound

Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.


A member of the class of quinolones that is 2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a 4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]phenyl group. A potent inhibitor of Toxoplasma gondii growth.


conazole antifungal agent

A compound that has a structure that is related to miconazole, contains an azole (imidazole or triazole) moiety, and has significant systemic antifungal properties.  They inhibit cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes (particularly C14-demethylase) involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, which is required for fungal cell membrane structure and function.


A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thione and its derivatives by substitution.


cyclic ketal

A ketal in the molecule of which the ketal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring.


imidazoles

A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


tetrahydropyrimidine

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound containing a pyrimidine ring that has been reduced by the formal addition of 2 mol eq. of hydrogen.


beta-lactam antibiotic allergen

Any beta-lactam antibiotic which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.


imidazole fungicide

Any imidazole antifungal agent that has been used as a fungicide.


Dieckol

A phlorotannin isolated from a brown alga Ecklonia cava which exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant activities.


oxacycle

Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.


benzothiadiazine

Heterocyclic compound of a ring with sulfur and two nitrogen atoms fused to a benzene ring. Members inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride symporters and are used as diuretics.


ansamycin

A class of macrocyclic lactams that consist of an aromatic (phenyl or naphthyl) or quinonoid (benzoquinone or naphthoquinone) moiety that is bridged by an aliphatic chain.


A phlorotanin that is 1,1'-bioxanthrene substituted by 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy groups at position 6 and 6' and hydroxy groups at positions  2, 2', 4, 4', 7, 7', 9 and 9' respectively. It is isolated  from an edible marine brown alga Ecklonia cava and exhibits antioxidant activity.


Any tetrahydropyrimidine in which the double bond is between positions 1 and 2.


A heteroaryl hydroxy compound that is 2-quinolone substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group.


diazole

An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring.


(R)-oxamniquine

A {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol that has R configuration.


penems

An  organosulfur heterocyclic compound that contains a beta-lactam ring.


crown amine

Crown compounds containing only nitrogen as coordinating atom.


gamma-lactam

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a five-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent.


hydracid

A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


siloxane

Siloxanes are saturated silicon-oxygen hydrides with unbranched or branched chains of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms (each silicon atom is separated from its nearest silicon neighbours by single oxygen atoms). By extension hydrocarbyl derivatives are commonly included.


L-Glucitol

The L-enantiomer of glucitol.


A glucitol that is D-glucitol in which the carbon at position 1 is the (13)C isotope.


ketoxime

Oximes of ketones R2C=NOH (where R =/= H).


mixture

A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.


poly(L-lysine) polymer

A poly(lysine) polymer, composed of poly(L-lysine) macromolecules.


poly(D-lysine) polymer

A poly(lysine) polymer, composed of poly(D-lysine) macromolecules.


racemate

A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers.


polymer

A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc..


poly(amide) polymer

A polymer, composed of poly(amide) macromolecules.


diastereoisomeric mixture

A mixture composed of two or more diastereoisomers (stereoisomers not related as mirror images).


difluorobenzene

Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring carrying two fluorine atoms.


hydroxamic acid

A compound, RkE(=O)lNHOH, derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH) (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH with -NHOH, and derivatives thereof. Specific examples of hydroxamic acids are preferably named as N-hydroxy amides.


acetohydroxamic acids

Any hydroxamic acid in which the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


tripeptide

Any oligopeptide that consists of three amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


octasaccharide derivative

An oligosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from an octasaccharide.


disaccharide

A compound in which two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond.


A glycosyl glycoside comprising D-fructose attached to a D-fructofuranosyl residue via a beta-(2->1)-linkage.


glycosyl glycoside

Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres.


azamacrocycle

A cyclic macromolecule containing one or more nitrogen atoms in place of carbon either as the divalent group NH for the group CH2 or a single trivalent nitrogen atom for the group CH.


(13)C-modified compound

An isotopically modified compound in which the abundance of a (13)C isotope at one or more positions has been increased above that of the naturally occurring level.


N-acetylarylamine

An acetamide where at at least one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by an aryl group. RNHAc where R is an aryl group.


long-chain fatty alcohol

A fatty alcohol with a chain length ranging from C13-C23.


fatty alcohol 22:0

Any fatty alcohol containing 22 carbons.


fatty alcohol 16:0

Any fatty alcohol containing 16 carbons.


organofluorine compound

An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.


inorganic fluoride salt

A fluoride salt that lacks C-H bonds


fluorophenol

A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded fluorine atoms.


monofluorobenzenes

Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring carrying a single fluorine substitutent.


(R)-Fluoxetine

An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has R configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].


trifluorobenzene

Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes carrying three fluorine substituents at unspecified positions.


fluorobiphenyl

Any member of the class of  biphenyls that is a mono or poly-substituted biphenyl having fluro group as one of the substituents.


fluorocarbon

Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.


(trifluoromethyl)benzenes

An organofluorine compound that is (trifluoromethyl)benzene and derivatives arising from substitution of one or more of the phenyl hydrogens.


fluoroalkane

A haloalkane that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a fluorine atom.


oxygen-18 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance.


heteroatomic molecular entity

A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.


aromatic primary alcohol

Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


organic fundamental parent

An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.


organic oxide

An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom.


dihydroxyflavone

Any hydroxyflavone in which two ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy substituents.


pentahydroxyflavone

A hydroxyflavone substituted by five hydroxy groups.


cyclopentanols

An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclopentane skeleton.


Lambertianin A

Is trimer of casuarictin linked by sanguisorbic acid ester groups between glucopyranose moieties. It contributes to the antioxidant capacity of raspberries.


trihydroxyflavone

Any  hydroxyflavone carrying three hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


aliphatic alcohol

An  alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound.


imidic acid

Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH).


sulfates

Salts and esters of sulfuric acid


Nonoxinol

A poly(ethylene glycol) derivative that is poly(ethylene glycol) in which one of the terminal hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding p-nonylphenyl ether.


secondary fatty alcohol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a chain of 3 to greater than 27 carbon atoms in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom different from the terminal carbons. Secondary fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched.


alcohol

A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.


ketone hydrate

A 1,1-diol resulting from the formal addition of water to the carbonyl group of a ketone.


ethanols

Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton.


sulfide salt

A salt in which the anionic species is sulfide (S(2-)).


metal carbonyl

A coordination entity that is coordination complex of a metals with one or more carbon monoxide ligands.


boronic acids

Compounds having the structure RB(OH)2.


azane

Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.


diarylheptanoid

A family of plant metabolites with a common 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, carrying various substituents. They are mainly distributed in the roots, rhizomes and bark of Alpinia, Zingiber, Curcuma and Alnus species.


fucodiphloroethol G

A phlorotannin that consists of biphenyl-2,2',4,4',6-pentol substituted by a 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenoxy)phenoxy substituent at position 6'. Isolated from the marine brown alga Ecklonia cava, it exhibits anti-allergic, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities.


primary fatty alcohol

Any fatty alcohol in which the hydroxy group is attached to a methylene (CH2) group.


phosphoramidate ester

A phosphoric ester (phosphate) that has an NR2 instead of an OH group.


phenols

Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.


aluminium sulfate

Any inorganic sulfate salt resulting from the formal condensation of aluminium hydroxide with 1.5 mol eq. of sulfuric acid.


tyramines

Aralkylamino compounds which contain a tyramine skeleton.


organobromine compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-bromine bond.


Nitrous acid;phenol

Any member of the class of  phenols or substituted phenols carrying  at least 1 nitro group.


diol

A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols.


amino alcohol

An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.


phenolic donor

Any phenol that acts as an electron donor.


halide

Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements.


alkylbenzene

A  monocyclic arene that is benzene substituted with one or more alkyl groups.


glycol

A diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


alkyl alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


sulfamides

Compounds where two amino groups are bound to an SO2 unit.


oxoacid

A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


inorganic magnesium salt

A magnesium salt that lacks C-H bonds


inorganic barium salt

A barium salt that lacks C-H bonds


allylic alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).


metal sulfate

Sulfate salts where the cation is a metal ion.


phenylethanolamines

An ethanolamine compound having a phenyl (substituted or unsubstituted) group on the carbon bearing the hydroxy substituent.


addition compound

An addition compound contains two or more simpler compounds that can be packed in a definite ratio into a crystal. The term covers donor-acceptor complexes (adducts) and a variety of lattice compounds.


Sanguiin H6

Dimer of casuarictin linked by a bond between the gallic acid residue and one of the hexahydroxydiphenic acid units. It has sanguisorbic acid ester groups as linking units between glucopyranose moieties.


2-Methoxyethyl methacrylate

A poly(ethylene glycol) compound having a methacrylate group at the alpha-terminus and a methyl group at the omega-terminus.


resorcinols

Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are meta to one another.


organic sulfate

Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group


boric acids

Hydroxy boron compounds of general formula BxOyHz.


inorganic aluminium salt

A aluminium salt that lacks C-H bonds


hydrides

Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.


artemisinin derivative

Any organic peroxide formally obtained from artemisinin.


organosulfonic acid

An organic derivative of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon.


peroxides

Compounds of structure ROOR'.


halohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom.


enol

Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR2. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' =/= H).


polysorbate

Any poly(ethylene glycol) derivative composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan [2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol] normally containing a total of 20 oxyethylene groups, with one or more of the terminal hydroxy groups esterified with a fatty acyl group. They are used as emulsifiers and dispersing agents in some pharmaceuticals products and as defoamers and emulsifiers in some foods.


hydroxypolyether

A hydroxyether compound containing more than one ether group.


hydroxyflavone

Any flavone in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.


organic hydroxy compound

An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


Mallotusinic acid (undefined stereochemistry)


hydroquinones

Benzenediols that have the hydroxy substituents in the 1- and 4-positions.


inorganic calcium salt

A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds


tertiary alcohol

A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.


Bevantolol, (R)-

The (R)-enantiomer of bevantolol.


cyclohexanols

An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.


lactate salt

Any organic salt that has lactate as the cation.


haloalkane

A halohydrocarbon that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by with a halogen atom.


hydroxyether

Any ether carrying a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


hydrocarbon

A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


N-acylethanolamine

An ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).


A mononitrophenol that is 2-nitrophenol and its derivatives resulting from substitution of one or more of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring by a non-nitro group.


main-group coordination entity

A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table.


oligosaccharide sulfate

Any  carbohydrate sulfate that is an oligosaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent.


selenite salt

Salts of selenous acid.


Triethylene Glycol

A poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.


secondary alcohol

A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.


ellagitannin

A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten.


polyene

An olefin that contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond.


mononitrophenol

A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.


ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol

Any primary fatty alcohol with a chain length greater than C27.


Any  propanediol bearing hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3.


polyol

A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.


A phlorotannin that is eckol in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenoxy group. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


primary allylic alcohol

An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two hydrogens.


ethanediol

Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.


phosphorus oxoacid

A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.


halomethane

A haloalkane that is methane in which one (or more) of the hydrogens have been replaced by a halogen atom/halogen atoms.


coordination entity

An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).


sulfuric ester

An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid.


alditol

A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group).


hydroxides

Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).


organic peroxide

Compounds of structure ROOR' in which R and R' are organic groups.


aromatic alcohol

Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


haloalkene

A compound derived from an alkene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom.


phosphoric acids

Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units.


Agrimoniin

A dimeric hydrolysable tannin in which 2 moles of potentillin monomer are linked via a dehydrogalloyl group; an antitumor tannin of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., which induces interleukin-1.


polyene antibiotic

A family of antibiotics containing a conjugated polyene moiety, usuallly isolated from some species of Streptomyces.


Bevantolol, (S)-

The (S)-enantiomer of bevantolol.


organohalogen compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom).


long chain primary alcohol

A primary alcohol with a chain length ranging from 13-22 carbons which is usually but not always a fatty alcohol.


tartrate salt

A salt of the organic compound tartaric acid.


pentol

A  polyol with five hydroxy groups.


fatty alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol consisting of a chain of 3 to greater than 27 carbon atoms. Fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched.


acetate salt

Any salt prepared using acetic acid as the acid component.


Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.


N-sulfonylurea

A urea in which one of the hydrogens attached to a nitrogen of the urea group is replaced by a sulfonyl group. The N-sulfonylurea moiety is a key group in various herbicides, as well as in a number of antidiabetic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetis mellitus.


hydrolysable tannin

A tannin that yields gallic or ellagic acids upon acid hydrolysis.


sulfonamide

An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2.


barium salt

An alkaline earth salt that has barium(2+) as the cation.


triol

A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.


organic magnesium salt

A magnesium salt with C-H bonds


aldehyde hydrate

A 1,1-diol resulting from the formal addition of water to the carbonyl group of a aldehyde.


heteroaryl hydroxy compound

Any organic aromatic compound having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a heteroarene ring.


olefin

Acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, apart from the formal ones in aromatic compounds. The class olefins subsumes alkenes and cycloalkenes and the corresponding polyenes.


A poly(ethylene glycol) containing 14 ethyleneoxy units.


monocyclic arene

A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


fatty alcohol 28:0

Any fatty alcohol containing 28 carbons.


poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)

A poly(ethylene glycol) compound terminated with methacrylate groups.


bromobenzenes

A member of the class of benzenes that is benzene substituted by at least one bromo group.


Ethylene glycol diacrylate

A poly(ethylene glycol) compound terminated with acrylate groups.


isourea

A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.


arene

Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


primary alcohol

A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


polyphenol

Members of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


flavonols

Any hydroxyflavone in which is the ring hydrogen at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring is replaced by a hydroxy group.


sodium salt

Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation.


Any alcohol in which two hydroxy groups are bonded to the same atom.


organosulfonate salt

Any organic salt prepared using an organosulfonic acid as the acid component.


Any hydroxyflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3'.


A halophenol in which the halogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the C-OH group.


secondary allylic alcohol

An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to one other carbon and one hydrogen.


pentitol

An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.


chromium chloride

Any of the chlorides of chromium.


phlorotannin

A type of tannin usually found in brown algae such as kelps and rockweeds. Unlike the hydrolysable or condensed tannins, these compounds are oligomers of phloroglucinol.


tetrahydroxyflavone

Any hydroxyflavone carrying four hydroxy substituents.


sulfonamide antibiotic

A class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties.


salt

A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.


alkaloid

Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is  exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.


indole alkaloid

An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


isoquinoline alkaloid

Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.


cinchona alkaloid

An alkaloid based on a cinchonan skeleton.


monoterpenoid indole alkaloid

A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and diisoprenoid (usually secolaganin) building blocks.


hemiterpenoid indole alkaloid

A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and monoisoprenoid (usually dimethylallyl pyrophosphate or isopentenyl pyrophosphate) building blocks


morphinane alkaloid

An  isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


benzylisoquinoline alkaloid

Any isoquinoline alkaloid based on a benzylisoquinoline skeleton.