stereotypic movement disorder

Motor behavior that is repetitive, often seemingly driven, and nonfunctional. This behavior markedly interferes with normal activities or results in severe bodily self-injury. The behavior is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. (dsm-iv, 1994)


Fractured sternum

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A partial or complete breakage of the sternum.


Steroid withdrawal syndrome

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strabismus

Strabismus is the intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object as the other eye. Strabismus is caused by an imbalance in the extraocular muscles which control the positioning of the eyes. Strabismus is normal in newborns but should resolve by the time the baby is 6 months old. In older children with strabismus, the brain may learn to ignore the input from one eye, and this may lead to amblyopia, a potentially permanent decrease in vision in that eye if not corrected.


Stress

The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities.


Stress Fractures

A small, traumatic break or severe bruising of a bone caused by repetitive application of force.


Stridor

Stridor is a high pitched sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway.


Traumatic subcutaneous emphysema

The infiltration of air into the skin tissue secondary to traumatic tissue disruption.


Sudden death

Rapid and unexpected death.


Subdural hemorrhage

Hemorrhage occurring between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.


sudden infant death syndrome

Unexpected death in infancy which remains unexplained following autopsy, review of the medical history, and investigation of the death circumstances and death scene.


sagittal sinus thrombosis

Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the superior sagittal sinus or the inferior sagittal sinus. Sagittal sinus thrombosis can result from infections, hematological disorders, craniocerebral trauma; and neurosurgical procedures. Clinical features are primarily related to the increased intracranial pressure causing headache; nausea; and vomiting. Severe cases can evolve to seizures or coma.


superior vena cava syndrome

Obstruction of the blood flow in the superior vena cava caused by a malignant neoplasm, thrombosis, or aneurysm. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. Signs and symptoms include swelling and cyanosis of the face, neck, and upper arms, cough, orthopnea, and headache.


Premature atrial contractions

A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature atrial contractions or beats caused by signals originating from ectopic atrial sites.


sweat gland neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the sweat glands.


Swelling

Enlargement; expansion in size; sign of inflammation


syndactyly

A disease characterized by the presence of syndactyly, including syndromic and non-syndromic forms.


Systemic lupus erythematosus rash

A rash associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.


T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell lineage. It includes the T lymphoblastic lymphoma and the mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas. -- 2003


Talipes

A deformity of foot and ankle that has different subtypes that are talipes equinovarus, talipes equinovalgus, talipes calcaneovarus and talipes calcaneovalgus.


Tearfulness

A feeling of sadness characterized by episodes of crying that can occur suddenly and are not easily controlled in social situations.


temporal lobe epilepsy

A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see epilepsy, complex partial) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321)


temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome

A common disorder noted with jaw movement. It may be caused by malocclusion, repetitive use injury, trauma or arthritis. It is more prevalent among females between their second and fourth decades. Clinical signs include preauricular pain, temporomandibular joint clicking (as the mandibular condyle slips from the articulation made with the capsular disk and temporal bone) and restriction of jaw motion. Clinical course is typically benign but may progress to associated headaches, ear and neck pain, tinnitus and dislocation of temporomandibular joint. Prognosis is favorable as a majority of cases will respond to conservative management.


Soreness

A dull achy pain.


tendinopathy

Disorders that are causes by overuse of tendons.


teratoma

A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of various tissues which correspond to the different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). It occurs in the testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system, mediastinum, lung, and stomach. According to the level of differentiation of the tissues which comprise the tumor, teratomas are classified as mature or immature. Mature teratomas are composed of well differentiated, adult-type tissues. Immature teratomas are composed of immature, fetal-type tissues. Testicular teratomas in children follow a benign clinical course. Mature ovarian teratomas without a fetal-type component have an excellent outcome. The prognosis of immature ovarian teratomas is related to the grade and stage of the tumor.


atrophy of testis

Loss of testicular volume.


testicular disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the testis. Representative examples include torsion, infarction, germ cell tumor, sex cord-stromal tumor, lymphoma, and leukemia.


Testicular pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to one or both testes.


Decreased Therapeutic Response

A reduction in the desirable and beneficial effects resulting from a medical  treatment.


Throat cancer

Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from epithelial cells of the larynx or pharynx.


thrombocytopenic purpura

Purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors.


thrombotic microangiopathy

The syndromes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and variable signs of organ impairment, due to platelet aggregation in the microcirculation.


thyroid tumor

A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland.


subacute thyroiditis

Self-limited inflammation of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. Patients present with neck pain, often associated with fever and dysphagia. The clinical course includes an initial phase of hyperthyroidism, followed by a phase of hypothyroidism, and eventually a return to normal thyroid function.


tic disorder

Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)


tongue disorder

A disease involving the tongue.


tongue cancer

A malignant neoplasm affecting the tongue. The vast majority of cases are carcinomas.


Tongue edema

An abnormal accumulation of fluid and swelling in the tongue.


Tonic seizure

A tonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterised by unilateral or bilateral limb stiffening or elevation, often with neck stiffening.


tonsil cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the tonsil.


Enlarged tonsils

Increase in size of the tonsils, small collections of lymphoid tissue facing into the aerodigestive tract on either side of the back part of the throat.


dental abscess

A tooth disease characterized by a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth.


Tooth Discoloration

A change in tooth color. Causes may be local or systemic and include tobacco use, foods, dental plaques, caries, restorative filling materials, trauma, medications, infections, hereditary diseases, and nutritional deficiencies.


tooth erosion, non-bacterial

Progressive loss of tooth tissue by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)


Tooth Loss

One or more teeth lost/dislodged from the mouth.


Abnormality of the dentition

Any abnormality of the teeth.


tooth resorption

Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)


cervical dystonia

Cervical dystonia is a neurological condition characterized by excessive pulling of the muscles of the neck and shoulder resulting in abnormal movements of the head (dystonia).Most commonly, the head turns to one side or the other.Tilting sideways, or to the back or front may also occur.The turning or tilting movements may be accompanied by shaking movement (tremor) and/or soreness of the muscles of the neck and shoulders.Cervical dystonia can occur at any age, but most cases occur in middle age. It often begins slowly and usually reaches a plateau over a few months or years. The cause of cervical dystonia is often unknown. In some cases there is a family history. Several genes have been associated with cervical dystonia, including GNAL, THAP1, CIZ1, and ANO3. Other cases may be linked to an underlying disease (e.g. Parkinson disease), neck trauma, or certain medications. Treatment may include local injections of botulinum toxin, pain medications, benzodiazepines (anti-anxiety medications), anticholinergics,physical therapy, or surgery.


tracheitis

A tracheal disease which involves bacterial infection of the trachea often caused by Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci that follows a recent viral upper respiratory infection. The symptoms include barking croup cough, loud squeaking noise while breathing, scratchy feeling in the throat, high fever, and production of large amounts of pus-filled secretions.


tracheobronchitis

Inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree.


Transfusion Reaction

Adverse events associated with the transfusion of whole blood or one of its components, most commonly a hemolytic reaction to cross-typed blood.


transient global amnesia

A condition characterized by sudden, temporary, usually short-lived memory loss, not associated with a neurologic disorder. Affected individuals lose memory function for recent events and have a decreased ability to retain new information. It is usually a solitary event.


Tremor

An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.


transposition of the great arteries

A congenital cardiac defect in which two heart vessels are reversed (transposed).


lateral sinus thrombosis

Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lateral sinuses. This condition is often associated with ear infections (otitis media or mastoiditis) without antibiotic treatment. In developed nations, lateral sinus thrombosis can result from craniocerebral trauma; brain neoplasms; neurosurgical procedures; thrombophilia; and other conditions. Clinical features include headache; vertigo; and increased intracranial pressure.


Piracetam

A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.


Triiodothyronine level below reference range


trichotillomania

A disorder characterized by repetitive pulling out of one's hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; the individual experiences a rising subjective sense of tension before pulling out the hair and a sense of gratification or relief when pulling out the hair.


tricuspid valve insufficiency

The backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium, owning to imperfect functioning/insufficiency of the tricuspid valve.


Trismus

Limitation in the ability to open the mouth.


trigger thumb

A painful disability in the hand affecting the finger or thumb. It is caused by mechanical impingement of the digital flexor tendons as they pass through a narrowed retinacular pulley at the level of the metacarpal head. Thickening of the sheath and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia can occur, and nodules can form. (From Green's Operative Hand Surgery, 5th ed, p2137-58).


persistent truncus arteriosus

A rare congenital cardiovascular disorder characterized by the failure of the embryologic structure truncus arteriosus to divide into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. It results in the presence of a single vessel instead of two vessels leading out of the heart. Clinical signs and symptoms include cyanosis that is present at birth, poor growth, dyspnea, tachypnea, arrhythmia, cardiomegaly, and heart failure. If it is not surgically repaired, it leads to death.


pleural tuberculosis

Inflammation of the pleura secondary to an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


tumor lysis syndrome

A condition of metabolic abnormalities that result from a spontaneous or therapy-related cytolysis of tumor cells. Tumor lysis syndrome typically occurs in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. Burkitt lymphoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are commonly associated with this syndrome. Metabolic abnormalities include hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia and may result in renal failure, multiple organ failure, and death.


Tumor Pain

A painful sensation caused by the tumor growth.


Peripheral visual field loss

Loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, resulting in a constricted circular tunnel-like field of vision.


Twin Pregnancy

A pregnancy involving two fetuses.


IgE responsiveness, atopic

Immediate hypersensitivity reaction - type I reaction, involves immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. Th2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-13, which then act on B cells to promote the production of antigen-specific IgE. Reexposure to the antigen can then result in the antigen binding to and cross-linking the bound IgE antibodies on the mast cells and basophils. This causes the release of preformed mediators (histamine, tryptase, tryptase, chemotactic factors), newly synthesized mediators (leukotrienes, prostaglandin, thromboxane, platelet-activating factor, adenosine, bradykinin), and cytokines from these cells that results in structural and functional changes to the affected tissue.


ulcer disease

A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.


Unresponsive to Stimuli

An individual whose level of consciousness is such that he is not responsive to any stimulus.


Cylindruria

The presence of renal casts (cylindrical, cigar-shaped structures produced by the kidney in certain disease states) in the urine.


ureteral obstruction

Blockage in any part of the ureter causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as hydronephrosis and obstructive nephropathy.


Ureteral stenosis

The presence of a stenotic, i.e., constricted ureter.


carcinoma of urethra

A carcinoma that involves the urethra.


Bladder hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the urinary bladder wall.


urinary system disorder

A disease involving the renal system.


Tetranabinex

Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L. The most pharmacologically active constituents are TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOL; and CANNABIDIOL.

A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.


Urogenital fistula

The presence of a fistula affecting the genitourinary system.


uterine cancer

Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the uterine corpus and/or the cervix.


uterine disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the uterine corpus or the cervix. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include endometritis and cervicitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include endometrial carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and cervical carcinoma.


Enlarged uterus

An increase in the overall dimensions or volume of the uterus compared to normal.


Uterine hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the uterus.


Uterine Pain

A painful sensation in the uterus.


Uterine Perforation

A rupture in the uterus due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


uterine polyp

A benign protruding lesion arising either from the endometrial cavity (endometrial polyp) or the endocervix (endocervical polyp). It may occasionally recur following complete resection.


Uterine prolapse

The presence of prolapse of the uterus.


Uterine rupture

The complete, nonsurgical disruption of all layers of the uterus.


vaginal discharge

Normal or abnormal secretions from the vagina. Mucus produced by the cervical glands is discharged from the vagina naturally, especially during the childbearing years. Causes of abnormal vaginal discharge include infectious agents (e.g., Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas, and Candida albicans), the presence of foreign bodies, and cervical or vaginal cancer.


Vaginal Hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the vagina.


infective vaginitis

An infectious process affecting the vagina. Symptoms include pain and purulent discharge.


varicocele

A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the spermatic cord with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.


vascular hemostatic disease

Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of blood vessels, blood fluidity, and blood coagulation. Majority of the hemostatic disorders are caused by disruption of the normal interaction between the vascular endothelium, the plasma proteins (including blood coagulation factors), and platelets.


Vasospasm

Narrowing of an artery due to constriction of the blood vessels.


vein disorder

A disease involving the vein.


Thrombosis of vena cava

The formation of a thrombus in the vena cava.


Venous Injury

Damage to a vein from traumatic or pathologic processes.


Elevated jugular venous pressure

Increased jugular venous pressure.


Ventricular hypertrophy

Enlargement of the cardiac ventricular muscle tissue with increase in the width of the wall of the ventricle and loss of elasticity. Ventricular hypertrophy is clinically differentiated into left and right ventricular hypertrophy.


ventricular septal defect

The presence of a defect (opening) in the septum that separates the two ventricles of the heart. It can be congenital or acquired.


vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the brain stem; cerebellum; occipital lobe; medial temporal lobe; and thalamus. Characteristic clinical features include syncope; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and vertigo. brain stem infarctions or other brain infarction may be associated.


vesicoureteral reflux

Abnormal flow of urine from the urinary bladder back into the ureters.


vestibular disorder

Pathological processes of the vestibular labyrinth which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.


Virilization

The development of normal male puberty due to testosterone effect or the abnormal development of male secondary sexual characteristics in children and females due to excessive androgens.


Visual field defect

An absolute or relative reduction in the extent of the normal field of vision.


Reduced vital capacity

An abnormal reduction on the vital capacity, which is defined as the total lung capacity (volume of air in the lungs at maximal inflation) less the residual volume (i.e., volume of air in the lungs following maximal exhalation) of the lung.


abducens nerve disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve).


vitreous detachment

Detachment of the vitreous humor from the retina.


vitreous body disorder

Any disease affecting the vitreous body of the eye.


Vitreous floaters

Deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye's vitreous humour, which is normally transparent.


hyalitis

Inflammatory intraocular reaction with clouding and cells in vitreous; often accompanies inflammation of ciliary body, iris, choroid, or retina.


Vocal cord dysfunction

Any functional anomaly of the vocal cord.


Vocal cord paralysis

A loss of the ability to move the vocal folds.


intestinal volvulus

Twisting of a loop of bowel that results in intestinal obstruction.


Projectile vomiting

Vomiting that ejects the gastric contents with great force.


Vulvar abscess

A circumscribed area of pus or necrotic debris in the vulvar region.


vulvar disease

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the vulva. Representative examples include infection, Bartholin gland adenoma, and vulvar carcinoma.


inherited obesity

Abnormally low body weight.


Failure to thrive

Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.


Abnormal leukocyte count

Number of leukocytes per volume of blood beyond normal limits.


Wound Infection

Infection of a break in the skin or other tissue.


Leukocytosis

A laboratory test result indicating an increased number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood.


Wound dehiscence

Splitting of the sutured margins of a surgical wound. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, obesity, and advanced age.


Fracture of wrist

Traumatic injury to the wrist joint in which the continuity of a wrist bone is broken. Symptoms include wrist pain, swelling, and deformity of wrist.


Yawning

An involuntary deep inhalation with the mouth open, often a sign of drowsiness or boredom.


Mental Status Change

An alteration in the mental status of an individual.


Pneumoperitoneum

Free air within the peritoneal cavity.


Aneurysm, Ruptured

An aneurysm that has burst, resulting in hemorrhage into adjacent tissues.


Dandy-Walker syndrome

Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is the association of three signs: hydrocephalus, partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis, and posterior fossa cyst contiguous with the fourth ventricle, presenting early in life with hydrocephalus, bulging occiput and posterior fossa signs such as cranial nerve palsies, nystagmus and ataxia.


Enlarged kidney

An abnormal increase in the size of the kidney.


lip disorder

A disease involving the lip.


Cystocele

Anterior vaginal wall prolapse with bulging of the bladder into the vagina.


Plagiocephaly

Asymmetric head shape, which is usually a combination of unilateral occipital flattening with ipsilateral frontal prominence, leading to rhomboid cranial shape.


Abnormality of the umbilical cord

An abnormality of the umbilical cord, which is the cord connecting the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta.


Cardiotoxicity

Toxicity that impairs or damages the heart. This condition is often caused by the administration of a pharmaceutical agent that initiates a poisonous or toxic response in cardiac tissue.


Transudative pleural effusion

A type of pleural effusion with a transudate (extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity). Pleural effusions can be classified as transudates or exudates based on Light's criteria, which classify an effusion as exudate if one or more of the following are present: (1) the ratio of pleural fluid protein to serum protein is greater than 0.5, (2) the ratio of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to serum LDH is greater than 0.6, or (3) the pleural fluid LDH level is greater than two thirds of the upper limit of normal for serum LDH.


intestinal polyp

Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the intestine. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.


Pseudoarthrosis

A pathologic entity characterized by a developmental defect in a long bone leading to bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form a normal bony callus with subsequent fibrous nonunion, leading to the pseudarthrosis (or "false joint").


Wound Discharge

The material exuded from a wound, either surgical or traumatic.


idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection

The spontaneous occurrence of a dissection of the coronary artery. The clinical recognition of this phenomenon has increased as coronary angiography is becoming more commonly used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. The etiology of the condition has not been fully elucidated, but the mean age of presentation is 30-45 years, more than 70% are women, and 30% of cases occur in the peripartum period.


Atrial thrombosis

Presence of a blood clot in the atria of the heart.


lymphocele

A cystic lesion containing lymph. It usually results from injury, gynecologic surgery, or urologic surgery.


rheumatoid nodulosis

A particular variant of polyarthritis associated with early manifestations of palindromic rheumatism, radiologic subchondral bone cysts, and subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules.


Joint Range of Motion Decreased

Decreased joint flexibility.


Pneumocephalus

The presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity.


Tooth Infection

An infectious process affecting a tooth.


Carotid Bruit

An innocent murmur with a medium pitched, harsh character heard at the right or left upper sternal border, supraclavicular region, or anterior portion of the lower neck that disappears with bilateral shoulder hyperextension. (ACC/AHA)


Increased Energy

Feeling of excessive energy, which may be associated with increased activity.


myofascial pain syndrome

Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on trigger points, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.


acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

A widespread acute rash characterized by fever and multiple small pustules on a reddish background.


deafness, unilateral

A unilateral absence of sensory perception of sound.


Sinus Rhythm

An electrocardiographic finding of an atrial rhythm which originates from the sinoatrial node that is considered normal for the population. (CDISC)


Trachyonychia

Excessive longitudinal ridging that gives the surface of the nail plate a rough appearance. It results from multiple foci of defective keratinization of the proximal nail matrix.


Rectal abscess

A collection of pus in the area of the rectum.


Localized Edema

Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid at a specific anatomic site.


carotid artery occlusion

A occlusion precerebral artery that involves the carotid artery segment.


Pseudoaneurysm

A contained rupture of an artery with a disruption in all 3 layers of the arterial wall.


Cytomegalovirus colitis

A form of cytomegalovirus infection characterized by infection and inflammation of the colon.


Bladder Spasm

A sudden and involuntary contraction of the bladder wall.


Acute phase response

Presence of one or more manifestations of the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins (APP) are blood proteins primarily synthesized by hepatocytes as part of the acute phase response (APR). The APR is part of the early-defense or innate immune system, which is triggered by different stimuli including trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and inflammation. The APR results in a complex systemic reaction with the goal of reestablishing homeostasis and promoting healing.


Cytomegaloviral gastritis

Inflammation of stomach that is associated with cytomegalovirus.


Esophagitis caused by Cytomegalovirus

Inflammation of the esophagus that is associated with cytomegalovirus.


Axillary Mass

An abnormal growth in the axilla.


camptodactyly of fingers

Camptodactyly of fingers is a rare, genetic, non-syndromic, congenital limb malformation characterized by a painless, non-traumatic, non-neurogenic, often bilateral, permanent flexion contracture at the proximal interphalangeal joint of a postaxial finger, resulting in permanent volar inclination of the affected digit. The fifth finger is always involved, but additional digits might also be affected.


Weight Fluctuation

Repetitive loss and regain of body weight.


autoimmune thyroid disease

Inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland due to autoimmune responses leading to lymphocytic infiltration of the gland. It is characterized by the presence of circulating thyroid antigen-specific T-cells and thyroid autoantibodies. The clinical signs can range from hypothyroidism to thyrotoxicosis depending on the type of autoimmune thyroiditis.


HELLP syndrome

A life-threatening condition that can potentially complicate pregnancy. It is named for 3 features of the condition: H emolysis, E levated L iver enzyme levels, and L ow P latelet levels. It typically occurs in the last 3 months of pregnancy (the third trimester) but can also start soon after delivery. A wide range of non-specific symptoms may be present in women with HELLP syndrome. Symptoms may include fatigue; malaise; fluid retention and excess weight gain; headache; nausea and vomiting; pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen; blurry vision; and rarely, nosebleed or seizures. The cause of HELLP syndrome is not known, but certain risk factors have been associated with the condition. It is most common in women with preeclampsia or eclampsia. If not diagnosed and treated quickly, HELLP syndrome can lead to serious complications for the mother and baby.The main treatment is to deliver the baby as soon as possible, even if premature. Treatment may also include medications needed for the mother or baby, and blood transfusion for severe bleeding problems.


Emotional Distress

Disturbed mental state characterized by moodiness, irritability, agitation, anxiety, and/or depression resulting from physical or mental stress.


patellofemoral pain syndrome

A syndrome characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar pain resulting from physical and biochemical changes in the patellofemoral joint. The pain is most prominent when ascending or descending stairs, squatting, or sitting with flexed knees. There is a lack of consensus on the etiology and treatment. The syndrome is often confused with (or accompanied by) chondromalacia patellae, the latter describing a pathological condition of the cartilage and not a syndrome.


Neck Mass

An abnormal growth in the neck.


Fractured coccyx

A partial or complete breakage of the coccyx.


Abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A deviation from normal range of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen. A decreased ESR may be seen in polycythemia or in certain blood diseases in which red blood cells have an irregular or smaller shape that causes slower settling.


Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The ESR is a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen.


Adactyly

The absence of all phalanges of all the digits of a limb and the associated soft tissues.


Abnormal hematocrit

Any deviation from the normal ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.


ankyloglossia

A developmental abnormality in which the bottom of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth.


Onychomadesis

Complete shedding (separation) of the nail from the proximal matrix. Onychomadesis is the proximal separation of the nail plate from the nail matrix due to a temporary cessation of nail growth.


acquired lipodystrophy

An instance of lipodystrophy (disease) that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


cardiac conduction defect

The heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating resulting in death within a short time period (generally within 1 h of symptom onset).


Decreased Bone Density

A laboratory finding indicating the presence of lower than normal bone mineral density.


Increased serum serotonin

A increased concentration of serotonin in the blood.


Live Birth

The complete expulsion or extraction from the mother of a fetus, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which, after such expulsion or extraction, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles.


Bleeding from anus

Bleeding originating from the anal area.


Increased muscle fatiguability

An abnormal, increased fatiguability of the musculature.


fungal esophagitis

Infection of the esophagus caused by fungi, most often candida albicans and candida tropicalis. It usually affects patients with immunodeficiency disorders or diabetes mellitus. Symptoms include dysphagia and pain on swallowing.


Homicidal Ideation

Thinking about ending or making plans to end another's life.


salpingo-oophoritis

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries.


Tetraparesis

Weakness of all four limbs.


polyp of gallbladder

A polyp that involves the gall bladder.


Hemorrhage of urethra

Bleeding originating from the urethra.


silent myocardial infarction

A history of myocardial infarction in the absence of clinical symptoms and positive electrocardiographic findings.


Hemorrhagic Shock

Hypoperfusion of body tissues due to acute blood loss, resulting in cellular injury and vital organ dysfunction.


Single umbilical artery

Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries surrounding the fetal bladder and in the fetal umbilical cord.


Osseous metaplasia

Heterotopic formation of normal bone within soft tissue.


craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures leading to secondary distortion of skull shape resulting in skull deformities with a variable presentation. Craniosynostosis may occur in an isolated setting or as part of a syndrome.


Fractured cervical vertebra

A partial or complete breakage of the cervical vertebra.


Fractured lumbar vertebra

A partial or complete breakage of the lumbar vertebra.


intracranial hypotension

Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid pressure characterized clinically by headache which is maximal in an upright posture and occasionally by an abducens nerve palsy (see abducens nerve diseases), neck stiffness, hearing loss (see deafness); nausea; and other symptoms. This condition may be spontaneous or secondary to spinal puncture; neurosurgical procedures; dehydration; uremia; trauma (see also craniocerebral trauma); and other processes. Chronic hypotension may be associated with subdural hematomas (see hematoma, subdural) or hygromas. (From Semin Neurol 1996 Mar;16(1):5-10; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp637-8)


Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus

A prenatal partial or complete closure of the ductus arteriosus (i.e., prior to delivery).


Bradyphrenia

Abnormal slowness of thought processes.


Abulia

Abulia is a severe form of apathy, characterized by difficulty in initiating and sustaining spontaneous movements, as well as reductions in emotional responsiveness, spontaneous speech, and social interaction.


inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder

Diseases caused by abnormal function of the mitochondria. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial dna or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.


Duodenal stenosis

The narrowing or partial blockage of a portion of the duodenum.


Epidural Hematoma

A collection of blood into the space between the dura mater and the skull.


subclavian steal syndrome

An uncommon neurovascular condition seen with exertion of the upper extremity. It is usually caused by atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery. In order to maintain adequate perfusion of the arm during exercise on the affected side, the narrowed subclavian artery siphons off retrograde blood flow from the ipsilateral vertebral artery. This is possible due to lower blood pressure distal to the site of narrowing and collateral circulation through the circle of Willis. Affected individuals may remain asymptomatic until the oxygen demand generated from upper extremity exercise requires a large enough compensatory volume of blood to be diverted from the vertebral artery to provoke vertebrobasilar insufficiency and its accompanying neurological sequelae. Presenting clinical signs may include pain or numbness of the affected arm (with diminished pulses and a brachial systolic blood pressure differential of greater than 20 mmHg as compared to the opposite arm), vertigo, tinnitus, dysarthria, diplopia and syncope. Notably, unlike cerebral infarction, the clinical course does not lead to chronic neurologic disability. Prognosis for recovery of normal anterograde circulation is favorable following endovascular or surgical intervention.


megalencephaly

A congenital abnormality in which the occipitofrontal circumference is greater than two standard deviations above the mean for a given age. It is associated with hydrocephalus; subdural effusion; arachnoid cysts; or is part of a genetic condition (e.g., alexander disease; sotos syndrome).


Pneumomediastinum

The presence of free air in the mediastinum.


Inguinal abscess

A circumscribed area of pus or necrotic debris in the groin (inguinal region).


Low self-esteem

Low self-confidence and excessively critical feelings about oneself characterize a negative opinion about oneself.


Herniation of intervertebral nuclei

The presence of one or more herniated nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk.


Right ventricular hypertrophy

In this case the right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen on anterior- posterior chest x-rays. Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly associated with any form of right ventricular outflow obstruction or pulmonary hypertension, which may in turn owe its origin to left-sided disease. The echocardiographic signs are thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum. Cavity size is usually normal, or slightly enlarged. In many cases there is associated volume overload present due to tricuspid regurgitation, in the absence of this, septal motion is normal.


Oropharyngeal candidiasis

Infection of the oropharynx with, or disease caused by, Candida, especially C. albicans. This disease usually results from debilitation (as in immunosuppression and especially AIDS), physiologic change, prolonged administration of antibiotics, and iatrogenic and barrier breakage. SYN candidosis, moniliasis.


Facial Injuries

Trauma to the face.


carotid artery dissection

Spontaneous or traumatic separation of the layers of the carotid artery wall. It manifests with headache, neck pain, temporary vision loss, and/or ischemic stroke.


Tongue biting

Clamping of the teeth on the tongue, as can accompany a seizure. (ACC/AHA)


pineoblastoma

Pineoblastoma is a rare, malignant type of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (sPNET), found mainly in children (less than 10% of cases are reported in adults), and located in the pineal region of the brain but that can metastasize along the neuroaxis. As it is the most aggressive of the pineal parenchymal tumors, it is usually associated with a poor prognosis.


Contusions

Injury of the soft tissues or bone without breaking the skin that is characterized by blood leakage into the surrounding area.


Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the kidney to other anatomic sites.


Hyposmia

A decreased sensitivity to odorants (that is, a decreased ability to perceive odors).


Ejection Fraction Decreased

A finding indicating a decrease in the volume of blood ejected during ventricular heart contraction.


Mitral valve calcification

Abnormal calcification of the mitral valve.


aortic valve calcification

Calcification of the aortic valve


Prostatic Infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the prostate gland.


engraftment syndrome

A toxicity of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that manifests as fever, rash and pulmonary deterioration which becomes evident at marrow engraftment. It occurs unexpectedly and is occasionally fatal. It can occur after an autogeneic or an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.


Cytokine storm

Excessive or uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines.


Creatinine concentration in urine above normal


Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio increased


Decreased transferrin saturation

A below normal level of saturation of serum transferrin with iron.


Urine specific gravity above reference range


Hypochromia

A qualitative impression that red blood cells have less color than normal when examined under a microscope, usually related to a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells.


Chest Wall Pain

Painful sensation in the chest wall region.


Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis


Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, large intestine, and anus).


congenital hydronephrosis

Congenital hydronephrosis is a renal urinary disease characterized by distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces secondary to various congenital obstructive malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract that can evolve to renal atrophy.


Gastric varix

Extreme dilation of the submucusoal veins in the stomach.


hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 1, autosomal dominant

A condition of decreased or absent presence or activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein. Deficiency of this protein is associated with hyper-IgE syndrome.


macular holes

A hole in the macula of the retina.


Post procedural hemorrhage

Bleeding occurring after a medical intervention.


Lacunar stroke

A stroke related to a small infarct (2-20 mm in diameter) in the deep cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, or pons, that is presumed to result from the occlusion of a single small perforating artery supplying the subcortical areas of the brain.


Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor foetopathy

Fetal embryopathy associated with maternal angiotensis converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use during pregnancy that may include fetal acute renal failure, growth restriction, oligohydramnios, calvaria abnormalities, preterm birth, and pulmonary hypoplasia with respiratory distress.


Foreign Body Sensation

Feeling of grittiness or having something in the eye; frequently caused by a foreign body. Other possible causes include corneal abrasion, corneal ulcer, inturned eye lash or acute conjunctivitis.


Drug ineffective for unapproved indication


Hypofibrinogenemia

Decreased concentration of fibrinogen in the blood.


Electrocardiogram QRS Complex Shortened by ECG Finding

A QRS complex that is less than 120 milliseconds on electrocardiogram, reflexing rapid activation of the ventricles via the normal His-Purkinje system. It may indicate the presence of an arrhythmia originating above or within the His bundle.


5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in urine increased


campylobacteriosis

Infections with bacteria of the genus campylobacter.


Loss of eyelashes

This term refers to the loss of eyelashes that were previously present.


ochronosis disorder

A disorder characterized by bluish-black discoloration of the cartilaginous tissues due to accumulation of homogentisic acid. It is associated with alkaptonuria. Signs and symptoms include dark urine, skin pigmentation, and arthritis.


Inflammatory disease of the central nervous system


Central nervous system lesion

A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity in the central nervous system.


Exercise intolerance

A functional motor deficit where individuals whose responses to the challenges of exercise fail to achieve levels considered normal for their age and gender.


SAPHO syndrome

SAPHO syndrome (acronym for Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis) is an auto-inflammatory disease, mainly characterized by the association of neutrophilic cutaneous involvement and chronic osteomyelitis.


T lymphocytopenia

An abnormally low count of T cells.


Bile Duct Stenosis

Narrowing or stricture of the bile duct.


Cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with cytomegalovirus.


Cancer antigen 125 above reference range


Enterocutaneous fistula

An abnormal connection (fistula) between the intra-abdominal intestinal tract and the skin.


vitamin K-antagonist embryofetopathy

A teratogenic disorder observed in a newborn or child of a mother who was exposed to warfarin during pregnancy. Manifestations include nasal bridge depression, nasal bones hypoplasia, microcephaly, congenital heart disorders, and brachydactyly.


Hepatojugular reflux

The examiner applies firm but persistent pressure over the liver for 10 seconds while observing the mean jugular venous pressure. Normally there is either no rise or only a transient (i.e., 2 to 3 sec) rise in mean jugular venous pressure. A sustained increase in the mean venous pressure until abdominal compression is released is abnormal and indicates impaired right heart function. This abnormal response is called hepatojugular reflux.


gastric antral vascular ectasia

Dilatation of the vessels in the antrum of the stomach. It is associated with portal hypertension, scleroderma, and chronic renal failure. It may cause gastric bleeding.


polyp of large intestine

A polyp that involves the large intestine.


Conjunctival hyperemia

Dilatation of the blood vessels of the conjunctiva leading to a red appearance of the sclera.


digestive system adenoma

A sporadic or less frequently familial neoplasm, arising from the glandular epithelium of the stomach, small intestine, biliary tract, colon, and rectum. It is a polypoid or flat circumscribed lesion. Morphologically, it is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic glandular cells and it is associated with dysplasia. According to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, villous, or tubulovillous. The dysplasia is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The frequency of malignant transformation depends on the size of the lesion and the degree of dysplasia. Larger adenomas with severe dysplastic changes (sometimes called carcinoma in situ) carry a higher risk of progressing to invasive adenocarcinoma. Gastrointestinal adenomas may present as solitary or multifocal lesions. Familial adenomas tend to be multifocal and carry a higher risk of malignant transformation.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to chest wall

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the structures of the chest wall from another primary anatomic site.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to peritoneum

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the peritoneum from another primary anatomic site.


calciphylaxis

Calciphylaxis is a disease in which blood vessels (veins and arteries) become blocked by a build-up of calcium in the walls of the vessels, preventing blood from flowing to the skin or internal organs. The lack of blood flow (ischemia) damages healthy tissue and causes itto die (necrosis). The most obvious and frequent symptom of calciphylaxis is damage to the skin, as ulcers can developand become infected easily. Calciphylaxis can also affect fat tissue, internal organs, and skeletal muscle, causing infections, pain, and organ failure.These symptoms are often irreversible, and many individuals with calciphylaxis may not survive more thana few months after they are diagnosed due to infection that spreads throughout the body (sepsis), or organ failure. The exact cause of calciphylaxis is unknown. Treatments may include medications to reduce pain, antibiotics to treat infections, and various approaches to preventing the development or worsening of this condition.


Vascular calcification

Abnormal calcification of the vasculature.


Infusion-Related Reaction

A reaction to the infusion of pharmacological or biological substances. Symptoms may appear within minutes to hours following the infusion and may include pruritus, flushing, swelling, dyspnea, bronchospasm, and hypotension.


encephalomalacia

Localized atrophy of the brain parenchyma due to aging, hemorrhage, infarct, or inflammation.


Retrognathia

An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.


Skin Induration

An area of hardness in the skin. Causes include inflammatory process and infiltration of the skin by malignant neoplasms.


Left atrial enlargement

Increase in size of the left atrium.


acute chest syndrome

A vaso-occlusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature occurring in patients with sickle cell disease. It is characterized by the presence of a new radiodensity on a chest radiograph accompanied by fever, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia.


Cholesterol Deposit

Deposition of cholesterol in the skin. It appears as a slightly elevated and yellow bump usually in the skin around the eyes.


glomerular disorder

A disease involving the renal glomerulus.


Pneumatosis

The presence of gas in an anatomical location where it is not normally found.


neural tube defect

A congenital defect characterized by failure of the neural tube to close completely; this results in the presence of openings in the brain or spinal cord. Examples of neural tube defects include encephalocele and spina bifida.


Corneal decompensation

Endothelial decompensation that is manifested by opacity of the cornea. The condition often occurs as a nonspecific response to mechanical injury from incidental corneal contact by intraocular instruments during surgery; chemical injury from the improper use of intraocular drugs, drugs containing preservatives, or from residues from inadequate rinsing of detergents or other residues from surgical instruments. The most common causes of corneal endothelial decompensation in the adult population are cataract removal/IOL-related endothelial loss and Fuchs dystrophy. When severe, corneal endothelial decompensation requires corneal transplantation.


Anterior chamber flare

An abnormal appearance of the beam of light traveling through the anterior chamber of the eye in a slit lamp examination. The flare is produced by an increased concentration of proteins in the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber.


Ocular pruritus

Pruritus is an itch or a sensation that makes a person want to scratch. This term refers to an abnormally increased sensation of itching in the region of the eye.


Tumor associated fever

Non-infectious pyrexia secondary to malignancy; it may be attributable to cytokines elaborated by neoplasms, and is a diagnosis of exclusion.


bronchial neoplasm

Tumors or cancer of the bronchi.


Herpes esophagitis

Esophagitis resulting from exposure to herpes virus.


Diastolic dysfunction

Impairment in the filling of the ventricles during diastole. Causes include hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, chronic high blood pressure, aortic stenosis, and aging.


epidermodysplasia verruciformis

A rare inherited genodermatosis characterized by chronic infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) leading to polymorphous cutaneous lesions and high risk of developing non melanoma skin cancer.


Metastasis from malignant neoplasm of colon and/or rectum


colorectal adenocarcinoma

The most common type of colorectal carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells invading through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.


systemic mycosis

A mycosis that involves the lungs, abdominal viscera, bones and or central nervous system.


Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium


Small intestinal bleeding

Bleeding from the small intestine.


Bilateral Deafness

Partial or total inability to hear sounds in both ears.


chronic urticaria

An urticaria that is characterized by the presence of urticaria for a period exceeding 6 weeks, assuming symptoms for most days of the week.


acquired Fanconi syndrome

Fanconi Syndrome caused by exposure to noxious agents.


Comminuted Fracture type

A type of fracture in which the break is in three or more pieces and fragments are present at the fracture site.


Hypoplasia of the thymus

Underdevelopment of the thymus.


chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

Chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs characterized by the presence of eosinophils in the interalveolar septa and alveolar spaces and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Chest x-rays reveal peripheral infiltrates. Approximately half of the patients have history of asthma or atopic disease. Signs and symptoms include fever, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. Following treatment with corticosteroids, the eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs disappear, resulting in dramatic clinical improvement.


Organ Failure

The failure of an essential system in the body.


Leukemic infiltration of skin

Cutaneous involvement by an acute or chronic leukemia.


Delusional disorder, persecutory type

A subtype of delusional disorder characterized by the central delusional theme that the individual is being malevolently treated (for example, maligned, harassed, conspired against, poisoned or drugged) by another person or group.


Thermal burn

A burn injury caused by heat or fire.


Difficulty walking

Reduced ability to walk (ambulate).


Fracture with displacement

A type of fracture in which the ends of the fractured bone are no longer aligned.


non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Fatty replacement and damage to the hepatocytes not related to alcohol use. It may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.


chronic progressive multiple sclerosis

A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)


Clonic seizure

A clonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by sustained rhythmic jerking, that is regularly repetitive.


trichosporonosis

Fungal infections caused by trichosporon that may become systemic especially in an immunocompromised host. Clinical manifestations range from superficial cutaneous infections to systemic lesions in multiple organs.


Traumatic hemorrhage

Vascular rupture, and the resulting loss of blood, due to physical injury.


Disorder of tonsil (palatine tonsil)

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the tonsils.


Bronchopleural Fistula

An abnormal communication between a bronchus and the pleural cavity.


Human immunodeficiency virus transmission


Protein/Creatinine ratio in urine above normal


Urine albumin/creatinine ratio increased


Allodynia

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.


tuberculous peritonitis

A form of peritonitis seen in patients with tuberculosis, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. Most patients have ascites, abdominal swelling, abdominal pain, and other systemic symptoms such as fever; weight loss; and anemia.


type IV hypersensitivity disease

A disease that has its basis in the disruption of type IV hypersensitivity.


neurodegenerative disease

A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by gradual and progressive loss of neural tissue and neurologic function.


Iris transillumination defect

Transmission of light through the iris as visualized upon slit lamp examination or infrared iris transillumination videography. The light passes through defects in the pigmentation of the iris.


Wound Complication

A medical condition that develops at the site of an existing wound. Examples include swelling, draining, bleeding, formation of hematoma, infection, and necrosis.


benign fibrous histiocytoma

A benign neoplasm composed of fibroblastic spindle cells in a whorled storiform pattern. It is characterized by the presence of foam cells, inflammatory cells, hemosiderin deposition and stromal hemorrhage.


acquired hemophilia

Acquired hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that interferes with the body's blood clotting process. Signs and symptoms include prolonged bleeding, frequent nosebleeds, bruising throughout the body, solid swellings of congealed blood (hematomas), hematuria, and gastrointestinal or urologic bleeding. Acquired hemophilia occurs when the body's immune system attacks and disables a certain protein that helps the blood clot. About half of the cases are associated with other conditions, such as pregnancy, autoimmune disease, cancer, skin diseases, or allergic reactions to medications.


Thymalfasin

A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients.


Anterior chamber cells

Tiny deposits corresponding to cells floating in the anterior chamber of the eye. This appearance is typically associated with intraocular inflammation leading to breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and resulting in an increase in the number of cells and in the aqueous humor. Grading (SUN Working Group) is performed by estimating the number of cells in a 1 mm by 1 mm slit beam field, employing adequate light intensity and magnification on a slit lamp.


trisomy 18

Trisomy 18 is a chromosomal abnormality associated with the presence of an extra chromosome 18 and characterized by growth delay, dolichocephaly, a characteristic facies, limb anomalies and visceral malformations.


Increased RBC distribution width

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a simple parameter of the standard full blood count and a measure of heterogeneity in the size of circulating erythrocytes. It is provided by automated hematology analyzers and it reflects the range of the red cell size. It is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of erythrocyte volume by the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and multiplied by 100 to convert to a percentage.


microsporidiosis

A fungal infection caused by Microsporidia. It occurs in immunocompromised patients, causing diarrhea and wasting.


Progesterone Receptor Positive

An indication that progesterone receptor (PRG; PR) expression has been detected in a sample.


Nodule

A small lump, swelling or collection of tissue.


small intestine carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the small intestine


Labile affect

Emotional instability characterized by rapid and dramatic mood swings. (ACC/AHA)


Helicobacter pylori infectious disease

Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.


Increased viscosity of bronchial secretion


Skin Burning Sensation

A sensation of dermal stinging or heat, not necessarily accompanied by redness or physical signs of skin irritation.


Anticonvulsant drug level above therapeutic


Atresia of the external auditory canal

Absence or failure to form of the external auditory canal.


Metaplasia

Transformation of a mature, normal cell or groups of mature cells to other forms of mature cells.  The capacity for malignant transformation of metaplastic cells is a subject of controversy.


Phonophobia

An abnormally heightened sensitivity to loud sounds.


Intervertebral space narrowing

Decreased height of the intervertebral disk.


Increased mean platelet volume

Average platelet volume above the upper limit of the normal reference interval.


Decreased mean platelet volume

Average platelet volume below the lower limit of the normal reference interval.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the brain from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas).


Hepatic cancer metastatic

A carcinoma that arises from the liver and has spread to another anatomic site.


Neutropenia in presence of anti-neutropil antibodies

A type of neutropenia that is observed in the presence of granulocyte-specific antibodies.


Free thyroxine concentration decreased below normal


Free thyroxine concentration increased above normal


hypertensive nephropathy

Kidney damage that results from chronically elevated blood pressure; complications include glomerular damage resulting in proteinuria and hematuria.


BK virus infection

An infection caused by the BK virus. It usually causes an asymptomatic infection, except in immunocompromised individuals where it may cause nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis.


Retinal neovascularization

In wound repair, neovascularization (NV) involves the sprouting of new vessels from pre-existent vessels to repair or replace damaged vessels. In the retina, NV is a response to ischemia. The NV adheres to the inner surface of the retina and outer surface of the vitreous. NV are deficient in tight junctions and hence leak plasma into surrounding tissue including the vitreous. Plasma causes the vitreous gel to degenerate, contract, and eventually collapse which pulls on the retina. Since retinal NV is adherent to both retina and vitreous, as the vitreous contracts the NV may be sheared resulting in vitreous hemorrhage or the NV may remain intact and pull the retina with the vitreous resulting in retinal elevation referred to as traction retinal detachment.


Hemorrhage urinary tract

Bleeding originating from any part of the urinary system.


Postmenopausal bleeding

Uterine bleeding that occurs after at least one year of amenorrhea in a woman who is not receiving hormone therapy.


Intramuscular hematoma

Blood clot formed within muscle tissue following leakage of blood into the tissue.


Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with focal onset

A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with focal onset is a focal-onset seizure which progresses into a bilateral tonic-clonic phase.


adenomyosis

The growth of endometrial tissue inside the muscular wall of the uterine corpus. Clinical manifestations include pain, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia.


Anticonvulsant drug level below therapeutic


synovial bursa disorder

A disease or disorder that involves the synovial bursa.


Pulmonary mass

A mass in the lung seen on chest imaging is defined as an opacity greater than 3 cm in diameter (without regard to contour, border, or density characteristics).


Bone Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis of the bone.


tracheomalacia

Congenital tracheomalacia is a rare condition where the trachea is soft and flexible causing the tracheal wall to collapse when exhaling, coughing or crying, that usually presents in infancy, and that is characterized by stridor and noisy breathing or upper respiratory infections. Tracheomalacia improves by the age of 18-24 months.


oppositional defiant disorder

A behavior disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior towards authority figures, manifested by a frequent loss of temper, arguing, becoming angry or vindictive, or other negativistic behaviors.


cubital tunnel syndrome

Compression of the ULNAR NERVE in the cubital tunnel, which is formed by the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, humeral-ulnar aponeurosis, and medial ligaments of the elbow. This condition may follow trauma or occur in association with processes which produce nerve enlargement or narrowing of the canal. Manifestations include elbow pain and PARESTHESIA radiating distally, weakness of ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and loss of sensation over the hypothenar region, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)


Preexisting Condition

A health condition or medical problem that was diagnosed or treated before a specific date.


coronary restenosis

Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.


cutaneous lupus erythematosus

An autoimmune disorder that manifests as different lupus-specific skin disorders; it can occur with systemic lupus erythematosus, or as a singular disease.


geotrichosis

Infection due to the fungus Geotrichum.


Gastric infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the stomach.


de Quervain disease

Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the first dorsal wrist compartment. The presenting symptoms are usually pain and tenderness at the radial styloid. The cause is almost always related to overuse injury or is associated with rheumatoid arthritis.


Below Normal Body Height

Body height below the normal range.


stomach disorder

A disease involving the stomach.


Infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease


microscopic colitis

Inflammation of the colon that is only apparent by microscopic examination.


Palatal edema

Swelling related to fluid accumulation within the palate.


Pneumatosis intestinalis

The presence of gas within the wall of the large or small intestine.


Tenesmus

A repeated, painful urge to defecate without excreting stool.


Gastrointestinal tract mucosal discoloration


Blast Cells Present

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of blast cells in a blood sample.


Hepatic Mass

A space-occupying pathologic process that affects the liver parenchyma.


Abnormal urinary odor

A deviation from the normal odor of the urine.


postcholecystectomy syndrome

Abdominal symptoms after removal of the gallbladder. The common postoperative symptoms are often the same as those present before the operation, such as colic, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. There is pain on palpation of the right upper quadrant and sometimes jaundice. The term is often used, inaccurately, to describe such postoperative symptoms not due to gallbladder removal.


neuroendocrine carcinoma

A malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm composed of cells containing secretory granules that stain positive for NSE and chromogranin. The neoplastic cells are often round and form clusters or trabecular sheets. Representative examples are small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma.


eosinophilic colitis

Inflammation of the colon that is characterized by eosinic infiltration.


ciliary body disorder

A disease involving the ciliary body.


Abnormal ventricular axis

Any deviation from the normal direction of the ventricular axis. The left ventricle makes up most of the heart muscle under normal circumstances and therefore generates the most electrical force visible on the EKG. The normal ventricular axis is directed downward and slightly towards the left. The ventricular axis can be determined by analyzing the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization.


chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

A rare neurological disorder in which there is inflammation of nerve roots and peripheral nerves and destruction of the fatty protective covering (myelin sheath) over the nerves. This affects how fast the nerve signals are transmitted and leads to loss of nerve fibers. This causes weakness, paralysis and/or impairment in motor function, especially of the arms and legs (limbs). Sensory disturbance may also be present. The motor and sensory impairments usually affect both sides of the body (symmetrical), and the degree of severity and the course of disease may vary from case to case. Some affected individuals may follow a slow steady pattern of symptoms while others may have symptoms that stabilize and then relapse.


Injury of colon

Trauma to the colon.


vascular dementia

A degenerative vascular disorder affecting the brain. It is caused by the blockage of the blood supply to the brain. It is manifested with decline of memory and cognitive functions.


Bloody Discharge

The leaking of serosanguinous fluids from an orifice or wound.


cerebral toxoplasmosis

Infections of the brain caused by the protozoan toxoplasma gondii that primarily arise in individuals with immunologic deficiency syndromes (see also aids-related opportunistic infections). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include seizures, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and intracranial hypertension. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)


Hypertelorism

Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes).


Increased Bone Density

A finding indicating an increased density of minerals in the bones. Causes include osteopetrosis and Paget disease.


Prostate specific antigen outside reference range


Cancer-Associated Pain

Pain associated with cancer or its diagnosis or treatment.


metabolic disease

A congenital disorder (due to inherited enzyme abnormality) or acquired (due to failure of a metabolically important organ) disorder resulting from an abnormal metabolic process.


Neutrophilic dermatosis

A type of dermatosis characterized by dense infiltration of neutrophils in the skin without evidence of infection or vasculitis. It may be secondary to an underlying systemic illness.


Neurogenic shock (disorder)

Shock resulting from neurogenic vasodilation, which can be produced by cerebral trauma or hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, deep general or spinal anesthesia, or toxic central nervous system depression.


Electromechanical dissociation

An electrocardiographic finding of the presence of cardiac electrical rhythm without a proper response of the myocardial tissue and mechanical cardiac output.


Right atrial enlargement

Increase in size of the right atrium.


Clostridium colitis

An acute inflammatory disorder of the colon secondary to infection with any species of the bacterial genus Clostridium. Symptoms include acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and myalgia.


Dysplasia

A usually neoplastic transformation of the cell, associated with altered architectural tissue patterns. The cellular changes include nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities. Molecular genetic abnormalities are also often found and, in some instances, may lead to cancer.


Electrocardiogram signs of myocardial ischemia


Parakeratosis

Abnormal formation of the keratinocytes of the epidermis characterized by persistence of nuclei, incomplete formation of keratin, and moistness and swelling of the keratinocytes.


agraphia

An acquired writing disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some motor dysfunction or the inability to spell.


hypogonadism

A disorder characterized by decreased function of the gonads. Clinical manifestations in both males and females include poor libido, infertility, and osteoporosis. Additional signs in males include erectile dysfunction, muscle atrophy, gynecomastia and increased abdominal fat. In females, additional signs include shrinking of the breasts and loss of, or failure to develop menstruation.


Limitation of neck motion

Limited mobility of the neck, usually accompanied by pain.


serositis

Inflammation of a serous membrane.


Hypoperfusion

No component of the tumor exhibits perfusion equal to or greater than cerebellar gray matter, excluding encased or grossly visible intrinsic vasculature.


Infarction of spinal cord

Ischemic necrosis of the spinal cord caused by occlusion of the arteries that supply blood to the spinal cord. Signs and symptoms include intermittent back pain, pain in the legs, paralysis, and incontinence.


Right Ventricular Dysfunction

Impairment of the right ventricular function associated with low ejection fraction and decreased motility of the right ventricular wall.


Cranial Suture Separation

A finding of increased space between the intersections of a newborn's cranial bones.


Poor Sucking Reflex

Uncoordinated or ineffective drawing of saliva or breast milk by a newborn infant.


Clinodactyly

An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe).


Chronic lymphocytic leukemia transformation


Esophageal Infection

An infectious process affecting the esophagus.


mycobacterium avium complex disease

An infection that is caused by Mycobacterium avium.


Viremia

The presence of virus in the blood.


Reactivation of hepatitis B viral hepatitis


Infectious Enterocolitis

An infectious process affecting the small and large intestines. Symptoms include diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, and fever.


Pseudoseizure

Sudden, involuntary seizure-like attacks that, unlike epileptic seizures, are not related to electrographic ictal discharges.


Neuropathic spinal arthropathy

A progressive disorder of vertebral joint degeneration that occurs in the setting of any condition characterized by decreased afferent innervation, involving loss of deep pain and proprioceptive sensation in the vertebral column. Patients most commonly present with symptoms of lower back pain, sitting imbalance, progressive spinal deformity (usually kyphosis), and an audible clicking sound on changing postures.


Thalamic hemorrhage

Bleeding in the thalamus.


Hemobilia

Bleeding into the biliary tree.


Brow ptosis

Drooping of the upper eyebrow below the superior orbital rim.


Intestinal Mass

An abnormal growth in the small or large intestine.


Gastrointestinal toxicity

Toxicity that impairs or damages the gastrointestinal system.


Brugada syndrome

A genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by complete or incomplete right bundle branch block accompanied by ST elevation in leads V1-V3. There is a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmia that may result in sudden death.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia after a period of remission.


Reactive hypoglycemia

Hypoglycermia following a meal (or more generally, after intake of glucose).


Ventricular Dysfunction

Impairment of the ventricle to either fill or eject adequately.


blue toe syndrome

A condition that is caused by recurring atheroembolism in the lower extremities. It is characterized by cyanotic discoloration of the toes, usually the first, fourth, and fifth toes. Discoloration may extend to the lateral aspect of the foot. Despite the gangrene-like appearance, blue toes may respond to conservative therapy without amputation.


Intestinal bleeding

Bleeding from the intestines.


Early satiety

The condition of being unable to eat a full meal because of a feeling of fullness (satiety), or or feeling very full after eating only a small amount of food.


acute hepatitis B virus infection

A new infection by the hepatitis B virus, which can be transmitted by direct contact of infected blood with mucous membranes or open areas of the skin. Signs and symptoms may include loss of appetite, joint and muscle pain, low-grade fever and stomach pain. Two to six percent of adults progress to a chronic infection, while 90% of infants become chronically ill. A vaccine is available for those at risk.


CNS metastases

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the central nervous system from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas).


Small intestine carcinoma stage I

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4, N0, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) with extension 2 cm or less.  T4: Tumor perforates the visceral peritoneum or directly invades other organs or structures (including other loops of small intestine, mesentery, or retroperitoneum more than 2 cm, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage III

Stage III includes: IIIA (Any T, N1, M0); IIIB (Any T, N2, M0); N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage IV

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


familial caudal dysgenesis

Familial caudal dysgenesis is a rare, genetic, developmental defect during embryogenesis disorder characterized by varying degrees of caudal dysgenesis, ranging from a single umbilical artery or imperforate anus to full sirenomelia, in several members of the same family. Phenotype includes lumbosacral agenesis, anal atresia or ectopia, genitourinary abnormalities, components of VATER or VACTERL association, and facial dysmorphism (flat facies, abnormal ears, bilateral epicanthic folds, depressed nasal bridge, micrognathia). Additional features reported include cardiovascular (e.g. endocardial cushion defect, hypoplasia of pulmonary artery) and skeletal (kyphosis, hemipelvis) anomalies.


paraneoplastic syndrome

A classification for rare disorders of diverse organ systems (endocrine, neuromuscular, gastrointestinal, renal, dermatologic, rheumatologic, hematologic) that are affected by substances secreted by a distant neoplasm but not by the action of the neoplasm itself metastasizing to that organ or tissue. Less than 1 % of neoplasms are associated with these syndromes. An immune-mediated response to neoplasm-elaborated proteins may be the cause of these syndromes. Additionally, their manifestation may signal the presence of an occult neoplasm, potentially at an earlier stage of disease thereby leading to a better clinical outcome. Constitutional signs may include fever, night sweats, anorexia and cachexia. Clinical course is usually progressive. Prognosis is variable depending on the effective treatment of the underlying neoplasm.


Lung hyperinflation

Abnormal permanent enlargement of the lung air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole not resulted from wall destruction, e.g. due to loss of opposite lung.


Blood Alkaline Phosphatase Increased

A laboratory test result which indicates an increased level of alkaline phosphatase in a biological specimen.


Coronary artery perforation

A dissection that extends through the full thickness of the coronary arterial wall. (ACC)


Ureaplasma urethritis

Infections with bacteria of the genus ureaplasma.


Tissue Adhesion

A fibrous band of tissue that connects normally separate body regions.


Decreased urine output

A decreased rate of urine production.


Antinuclear antibody positivity

The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react against nuclei or nuclear components.


Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased


Antipsychotic drug level above therapeutic


Antipsychotic drug level below therapeutic


Right ventricular systolic pressure increased


Anticoagulation drug level above therapeutic


Anticoagulation drug level below therapeutic


Diskitis

Inflammation of an intervertebral disc or disk space.


hyperlipoproteinemia type V

A severe type of hyperlipidemia, sometimes familial, that is characterized by the elevation of both plasma chylomicrons and triglycerides contained in very-low-density lipoproteins. Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is often associated with diabetes mellitus and is not caused by reduced lipoprotein lipase activity as in hyperlipoproteinemia type I.


Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst

An abdominal mass formed by bleeding into a follicular ovarian cyst or corpus luteum cyst.


Computerized tomogram coronary artery abnormal


choroidal neovascularization

An eye disorder described by the growth of new blood vessels that originate from the choroid through a break in the Bruch membrane into the sub–retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) or subretinal space. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of visual loss.


Neurological Signs and Symptoms

A term that refers to the clinical manifestations resulting from pathologic processes that affect the central and peripheral nervous system.


Graft failure

Failure of transplanted tissue to become functional or operational, often as a result of destruction by the host's immune system.


monoclonal gammopathy

A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the blood or urine.


tinea infection

A skin infection caused by a fungus.


Diffuse alveolar damage

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) describes a comon histologic injury pattern of the lung. The early stages are characterized by epithelial cell necrosis and sloughing, fibrous exsudate, edema, and hyaline membranes made of surfactant and proteins, filling the alveoli. This results in impaired gas exchange. In later stages, type II cells and myofibroblasts proliferate within the interstitium and airspaces. The corresponding clinical entity is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). DAD may result from pulmonary drug toxicity, occurs in immunosuppressed, severe viral infections, acute interstial pneumonitis and crack cocaine inhalation.


Abdominal symptom

A subjective manifestation of disease localized to the abdomen.


adenoviridae infectious disease

An infectious process caused by adenovirus. The virus may cause respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and cystitis.


Adverse event

Any unfavorable or unintended disease, sign, or symptom (including an abnormal laboratory finding) that is temporally associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, and that may or may not be considered related to the medical treatment or procedure. Such events can be related to the intervention, dose, route of administration, patient, or caused by an interaction with another drug(s) or procedure(s).


amnionitis

Inflammation of the amnion.


disorder of appendix

A disease or disorder that involves the vermiform appendix.


arterial disorder

An impairment of the structure or function of the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.


Arterial stenosis

Narrowing or constriction of the inner surface (lumen) of an artery.


Abnormal sputum

Abnormal appearance of material expectorated (coughed up) from the respiratory system and that is composed of mucus but may contain other substances such as pus, blood, microorganisms, and fibrin.


benign neoplasm

A neoplasm which is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (severe cytologic atypia, tumor cell necrosis, and high mitotic rate). Benign neoplasms remain confined to the original site of growth and do not metastasize to other anatomic sites.


urinary bladder disorder

A disease involving the urinary bladder.


male breast carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm involving the male breast.


breast disorder

A disease involving the breast.


Clostridium infectious disease

Infections with bacteria of the genus clostridium.


colonic neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Colonic adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.


communication disorder

A disorder characterized by an individual's inability to comprehend or share ideas or feelings because of an impairment in language, speech, or hearing.


Obstetric Labor Complications

Any unintended event during the labor process that makes delivery more difficult.


congenital anomaly of cardiovascular system

A disease that has its basis in the disruption of cardiovascular system development.


Abnormality of the mouth

An abnormality of the mouth.


cranial nerve neuropathy

A neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder that affects one of the cranial nerves.


diaphragm disorder

A disease involving the diaphragm.


Abnormal eosinophil count

Any deviation from the normal number of eosinophils per volume in the blood circulation.


Eye Injuries

Damage to the eye.


eyelid disorder

A disease involving the eyelid.


Congenital anomaly of eyelid

The abnormal formation of the eyelid that is present at the time of birth.


Fistula of the female genital organs

An abnormal communication between a female reproductive system organ and another organ or cavity.


Deviation of finger

Deviated fingers is a term that should be used if one or more fingers of the hand are deviated from their normal position, either to the radial or ulnar side. A deviation of a finger can be caused by an abnormal form of one or more of the phalanges of the affected finger, or by a deviation or displacement of one or more phalanges.


Fetal Diseases

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs in the fetus.


Abnormal foot morphology

An abnormality of the skeleton of foot.


Fracture of pelvis

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones that compose the bony structure of the pelvis.


Injury of gastrointestinal tract

Trauma to the gastrointestinal tract or accessory organs of digestions.


haemophilus infectious disease

Infections with bacteria of the genus haemophilus.


Abnormality of the hand

An abnormality affecting one or both hands.


impulse control disorder

A category of behaviors that can be loosely defined as the failure to resist an impulsive act or behavior that may be harmful to self or others.


Inflammation

A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation.


ligament disorder

A disease or disorder that involves the ligament.


Limb injury

Trauma to an arm or leg.


lymphoproliferative syndrome

A disorder characterized by proliferation of lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation. Lymphoproliferative disorders can be neoplastic (clonal, as in lymphomas and leukemias) or reactive (polyclonal, as in infectious mononucleosis).


mediastinal cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the mediastinum


nutritional disorder

Any condition related to a disturbance between proper intake and utilization of nourishment.


iris disorder

A disease involving the iris.


laryngeal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the larynx. Representative examples include laryngitis, vocal cord polyp, squamous papilloma, and carcinoma.


legionellosis

Any disease caused by Legionella bacteria.


psychiatric disorder

A disorder characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. The symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. Representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia.


metastatic neoplasm

A tumor that has spread from its original (primary) site of growth to another site, close to or distant from the primary site. Metastasis is characteristic of advanced malignancies, but in rare instances can be seen in neoplasms lacking malignant morphology.


Motor Deficit

Loss of movement function.


nail infection

An infectious process affecting the nail.


malignant tumor of nasopharynx

A cancer that involves the nasopharynx.


Abnormality of the neck

An abnormality of the neck.


Abnormal neutrophil count

A deviation from the normal range of neutrophil cell counts in the circulation.


toxic or nutritional optic neuropathy

A disease with basis in optic nerve damage secondary to a toxic substance and/or nutritional deficiency.


human papilloma virus infection

An infectious process caused by a human papillomavirus. This infection can cause abnormal tissue growth.


Focal-onset seizure

A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures.


pericardium disorder

A disease involving the pericardium.


Perineal Pain

Painful sensation in the perineal area.


Peritoneal Diseases

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the peritoneum.  Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include peritonitis and panniculitis.  Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include adenomatoid tumor, primary peritoneal carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma to the peritoneum, and malignant mesothelioma.


pleural neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that involves the serous membrane that lines the lungs and thoracic cavity. Most pleural neoplasms are metastatic. Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the pleura.


poisoning

A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.


Injury of integument

Damage to the skin.


Fractured skull

A partial or complete breakage of the skull.


Disorder of soft tissue

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the soft tissue.


vertebral column disorder

A disease involving the vertebral column.


spondylitis

The inflammation of a vertebra.


sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days. It varies in severity from mild to total deafness. Sudden deafness can be due to head trauma, vascular diseases, infections, or can appear without obvious cause or warning.


synovium disorder

A disease or disorder that involves the layer of synovial tissue.


Thoracic Injuries

Trauma to the chest.


gastrointestinal tuberculosis

Tuberculosis that involves any region of the gastrointestinal tract, mostly in the distal ileum and the cecum. In most cases, mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogen. Clinical features include abdominal pain; fever; and palpable mass in the ileocecal area.


central nervous system tuberculosis

A well-circumscribed mass composed of tuberculous granulation tissue that may occur in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brain stem, or perimeningeal spaces. Multiple lesions are quite common. Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with seizures, focal neurologic deficits, and intracranial hypertension. Spinal cord tuberculomas may be associated with localized or radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. Tuberculomas may arise as opportunistic infections, but also occur in immunocompetent individuals.


Upper Extremity Fracture

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in the arm,  forearm, or hand.


vaginal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the vagina. Representative examples include vaginal infection, vaginal polyp, and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma.


leukocyte disorder

A disease involving leukocytes.


anal carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the anus


Poor appetite

A reduced desire to eat.


Cerebral cyst

A fluid filled sac within the cerebrum. It is can be congenital, trauma related or secondary to another medical condition for example an infarction.


colorectal carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.


Proteus infectious disease

Infections with bacteria of the genus proteus.


Pseudomonas infection

Infections with bacteria of the genus pseudomonas.


Pulmonary vascular disorder

A category of non-neoplastic disorders that affect the blood vessels in the lungs.  Representative examples include pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and arteriovenous malformations.


Renal function tests outside reference range


Injury of kidney

Trauma to the kidney.


kidney neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the kidney. Representative examples of benign renal neoplasms include fibroma, lipoma, oncocytoma, and juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Representative examples of malignant renal neoplasms include renal cell carcinoma, renal pelvis carcinoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdoid tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma.


Neonatal respiratory system disorder

A respiratory system disorder that occurs during the neonatal period. A representative example is the respiratory distress syndrome.


Rhinovirus infection

An infectious process caused by rhinovirus. The virus usually causes upper respiratory infections, but can infect the lower tract as well.


lumbar disk degenerative disorder

Any degenerative disorder affecting one or more vertebral disks of the lumbar spine.


inner ear disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the inner ear. Causes are inner ear infections, head injuries, and neoplasms (e.g., acoustic schwannoma). Symptoms include dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and vision problems.


polyp

A usually exophytic mass attached to the underlying tissue by a broad base or a thin stalk. Polyps can be neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Neoplastic polyps usually represent proliferations of the epithelium, and are commonly seen in the gastrointestinal tract. Polyps of the gastrointestinal tract are often called adenomas, are associated with dysplasia, and may eventually transform into carcinomas. Non-neoplastic polyps may be inflammatory, degenerative, or the result of malformations.


mitral valve disorder

A disease involving the mitral valve.


ovarian neoplasm

A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm involving the ovary.


benign neoplasm of pituitary gland

A benign neoplasm that involves the pituitary gland.


pulmonary valve disorder

A disease involving the pulmonary valve.


Disorder of vocal cord

A disorder affecting the vocal cords. Representative examples include vocal cord nodules, polyps, leukoplakia, dysplasia, and paralysis.


aortic valve disorder

A disease involving the aortic valve.


Borrelia infectious disease

Infections with bacteria of the genus borrelia.


Abnormal Echocardiogram

A history of having had an abnormal echocardiogram.


Fractured lower leg

Bone fracture anywhere in the tibia, fibula, or ankle.


Abnormality on pulmonary function testing

Any anomaly measure by pulmonary function testing, which includes spirometry, measures of diffusing capacity, and plethysmography.


Acanthamoeba infectious disease

A infectious disease involving the Acanthamoeba.


Deformity

An anatomic abnormality that is either present at birth or appears later in life.


adjustment disorder

A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop within 3 months of a stressor and do not persist for more than an additional 6 months after the stressor is no longer present.


Adverse drug response

An unpleasant or harmful reaction resulting from treatment with a drug.


Antidepressant drug level above therapeutic


autonomic neuropathy

An inherited or acquired peripheral neuropathy affecting the autonomic nervous system. It results in disruption of the involuntary body functions. Inherited causes include Fabry disease and porphyrias. Acquired causes include diabetes, uremia, hepatic disorders, vitamin deficiencies, toxins, and drug toxicities.


Bone lesion

A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of bone.


bone marrow disorder

Any disease of the bone marrow.


Cardioactive drug level above therapeutic


carotid artery disorder

A disease involving the carotid artery segment.


chondromalacia

Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (cartilage).


uterine cervix carcinoma in situ

Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0). Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) - 2003