bladder urachal carcinoma

Urachal cancer is a type of bladder cancer, making up less than 1% of all bladder cancers. The urachus is a structure normally only present during development in the womb that connects the bellybutton and the bladder. This connection normally disappears before birth, but in some people remains. Urachalcancers are usually diagnosed in adults in their 50's and 60's and may develop at the dome or anterior wall of the bladder, along the midline of the body (including the belly button), and between the pubis symphasis and the bladder.Most urachal cancersare adenocarcinomas (cancers that develop from gland cells).Others may besarcomas (which develop from connective tissue -such as leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma), small cell carcinomas, transitional cell cancer, and mixed neoplasias. Most individuals with urachal cancer have symptoms of with hematuria (blood in urine). Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, a palpable abdominal mass, mucinuria, and bacteriuria. Treatment usually involved surgery to remove the cancer.


parachordoma

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A rare, usually benign myoepithelial tumor characterized by the presence of epithelioid, often vacuolated neoplastic cells. Most patients present with painless swelling in the subcutaneous or subfascial soft tissues of the extremities.


renal pelvis carcinoma

A carcinoma arising in the renal pelvis. The majority of renal pelvis carcinomas are transitional cell and less frequently squamous cell carcinomas.


intraductal cribriform breast adenocarcinoma

A ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast characterized by the presence of a cribriform architectural pattern.


mixed lobular and ductal breast carcinoma

A breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of a lobular and a ductal component. The ductal component comprises less than 50 percent of the tumor.


non-papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder


clitoral carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the clitoris.


trachea mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A mucoepidermoid carcinoma that involves the trachea.


hereditary fallopian tube carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients that have a history of fallopian tube carcinoma.


vaginal villous adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by a villous architectural pattern.


familial papillary thyroid carcinoma with renal papillary neoplasia

Familial papillary thyroid carcinoma with renal papillary neoplasia (fPTC/PRN) is an extremely rare inherited tumor syndrome within the familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer group (fNMTC).


prostate adenoid cystic carcinoma

An adenoid cystic carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland.


Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the major vestibular gland.


Krukenberg carcinoma

Metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma to the ovary. The primary site is the gastrointestinal tract or breast.


papillary adenocarcinoma

A morphologic variant of adenocarcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern. Representative examples include thyroid gland papillary carcinoma, invasive papillary breast carcinoma, and ovarian serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma.


papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma

A malignant cystic serous epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures. Stromal invasion is present.


digital papillary eccrine carcinoma

An adenocarcinoma arising from the sweat glands. Most cases present as nodular lesions on the digits, usually in the hands. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial cells in the dermis forming nodules. Cystic structures containing papillary projections are also present. It may recur and metastasize, most commonly to the lungs.


breast columnar cell mucinous carcinoma

An invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of tall columnar neoplastic cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Grossly, cystic changes are not identified.


vein of Galen aneurysm

Vein of Galen aneurysm is a rare formof arteriovenous malformation in which the embryonic precursor to the vein of Galen, a vein at the base of the brain, dilates causing too much blood to rush to the heart. This can lead to rapid heart failure. Other features may include increased head circumference resulting from hydrocephalus, unusually prominent veins on the face and scalp, developmental delay, persistent headache, and other neurological findings. Vein of Galen aneurysm is often recognized on an ultrasound late in pregnancy. In other cases, it is diagnosed after birth. Although the exact cause remains unknown, this condition appears to result from a defect in early fetal development. Treatment is aimed at decreasing the blood flow through the malformation while maximizing the blood supply to the brain. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are preferred, such as endovascular embolization.


hepatoid adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma with morphologic characteristics similar to hepatocellular carcinoma, arising from an anatomic site other than the liver.


inverted papilloma

An endophytic benign papillary epithelial neoplasm that results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma. Representative examples are the inverted urothelial papilloma that arises from the urinary tract and inverted Schneiderian papilloma that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


MIT family translocation renal cell carcinoma

MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma (t-RCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma with recurrent genetic abnormalities, harboring rearrangements of the TFE3 (Xp11 t-RCC) or TFEB [t(6;11) t-RCC] genes. The t(6;11) t-RCC has distinctive histologic features of biphasic appearance with larger epitheloid and smaller eosinophilic cells. The symptoms are usually non-specific and include hematuria, flank pain, palpable abdominal mass and/or systemic symptoms of anemia, fatigue and fever.


pilar sheath acanthoma

A benign, small, papular or nodular skin neoplasm that usually arises above the upper lip. It is characterized by an epithelial proliferation with a central cavity. The cavity wall is lined with keratinocytes.


serous cystadenoma

A serous neoplasm in which the cysts and papillae are lined by a single layer of cells without atypia, architectural complexity or invasion.


lacrimal gland carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the lacrimal gland.


sex hormone-producing adrenal cortex adenoma

A rare adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces androgens or estrogens.


ductal breast carcinoma in situ

A carcinoma entirely confined to the mammary ducts. It is also known as DCIS. There is no evidence of invasion of the basement membrane. Currently, it is classified into three categories: High-grade DCIS, intermediate-grade DCIS and low-grade DCIS. In this classification the DCIS grade is defined by a combination of nuclear grade, architectural growth pattern and presence of necrosis. The size of the lesion as well as the grade and the clearance margins play a major role in dictating the most appropriate therapy for DCIS.


epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm which occurs mostly in the major salivary glands (most frequently in the parotid gland), but also in the minor salivary glands of the oral mucosa and the tracheobronchial tree. It is characterized by the presence of ductal structures which are lined by an inner layer of cuboidal epithelial-type cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm.


urethra squamous cell carcinoma

A well differentiated, moderately differentiated, or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the male or female urethra.


uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma

A endometrial carcinoma (disease) that involves the body of uterus.


malignant breast myoepithelioma

An invasive malignant tumor that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells. Mitoses are present. Rarely, local recurrences and distant metastases have been reported.


mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by cystic changes and the presence of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. It may arise from the ovary, pancreas, appendix, and lung.


familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma

Familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (fNMTC) is a rare non-syndromic form of thyroid cancer characterized by occurrence of thyroid carcinoma (TC) as the primary feature in a familial setting.


type 1 papillary adenoma of the kidney

A renal papillary adenoma which is characterized by basophilic cells with scant amount of cytoplasm.


endometrioid tumor

A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the female reproductive system characterized by the presence of glands and/or cysts lined by neoplastic cells that resemble endometrial cells.


luminal B breast carcinoma

A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by low to moderate expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells including estrogen receptor (ER), and high expression of GGH, LAPTM4B, and CCNE1. This subtype of breast cancer is associated with a good prognosis, although not as favorable as the luminal A subtype.


endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma

A primary, usually low grade adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in which the majority of the malignant epithelial cells contain abundant intracytoplasmic mucin.


stage I endometrioid carcinoma

Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).It is the result of the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. The first sign is most often vaginal bleeding not associated with a menstrual period. Other symptoms include pain with urination or sexual intercourse, or pelvic pain. Endometrial cancer occurs most commonly after menopause. In stage I, the cancer is only growing in the body of the uterus. It may also be growing into the glands of the cervix, but is not growing into the supporting connective tissue of the cervix.


myoepithelial tumor

A benign or malignant tumor characterized by the presence of cells that show myoepithelial differentiation. Based on its morphologic features, it is classified as benign or malignant. A representative example of benign myoepithelioma is benign salivary gland myoepithelioma. Representative examples of malignant myoepithelioma or myoepithelial carcinoma are malignant breast myoepithelioma and salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma.


vaginal tubulovillous adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by a tubulovillous architectural pattern.


vulvar keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of keratin pearls.


cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome type 3


acanthoma

A benign skin neoplasm composed of epithelial cells.


intracranial cavernous angioma

A cavernous hemangioma arising from the brain and meninges.


ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin. There is cellular atypia, increased layering of cells, complexity of glands, and papillary formations.


squamous cell neoplasm

A neoplasm that is composed of squamous epithelial cells. Squamous cell carcinoma is a representative example.


vulvar apocrine adenocarcinoma

An apocrine adenocarcinoma that arises from the sweat glands in the vulva.


vaginal adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma arising from the vagina. Morphologic variants include the clear cell, endometrioid, mesonephric, and mucinous adenocarcinoma.


thymus clear cell carcinoma

A rare, usually aggressive, primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of carcinoma cells with clear cytoplasm.


micronodular basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma of the skin characterized by the presence of small nodules that permeate the dermis. It presents as an elevated or flat infiltrating tumor, usually in the back.


kidney medullary carcinoma

A type of renal carcinoma affecting mostly young African-Americans. It is located in the medulla of the kidney, and follows an aggressive clinical course. Most reported cases have shown metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.


progesterone-receptor positive breast cancer


warty carcinoma of the penis

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by a papillary growth pattern, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. Koilocytotic atypia is present. Human papillomavirus types 16 and 6 have been identified in some cases.


chief cell adenoma

A parathyroid gland adenoma composed predominantly of neoplastic chief cells. These cells have either slightly eosinophilic or vacuolated cytoplasm, and round nuclei.


sphenoid sinus inverted papilloma

A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the sphenoid sinus. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is a rare, indolent subtype of clear cell renal carcinoma, arising from epithelial cells in the renal cortex. It most frequently manifests with a well-circumscribed, well-encapsulated, unicentric, unilateral, small tumor that typically does not metastasize. Clinically it can present with flank or abdominal pain or hematuria, although most patients are usually asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Bilateral and/or multifocal presentation should raise the suspicion of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.


primary peritoneal serous/papillary carcinoma

A rare, serous papillary adenocarcinoma that arises from the lining of the peritoneum. It affects females. The clinical behavior and pathologic characteristics are similar to the serous papillary adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary.


fallopian tube carcinosarcoma

A carcinosarcoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It usually affects postmenopausal women and presents with abdominal pain, abdominal distension or genital bleeding. The prognosis is usually poor.


thymoma type B1

A thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of expanded areas which resemble the normal thymic cortex. The neoplastic epithelial cells are small and scant and there is a dense T-lymphocytic component present. Areas of medullary differentiation with or without Hassall's corpuscles are also present. It may be associated with myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. It has a low grade malignant potential. The majority of cases occur in the anterior mediastinum as Masaoka stage I tumors. A minority of the cases occur as stage II tumors.


A rare cutaneous lesion presenting as a scaly verrucous plaque. Morphologically, the plaque contains nests of basaloid cells.


urethral urothelial papilloma

Papilloma's are benign epithelial neoplasms that produce visible warty projections from epithelial surfaces. Papilloma's of the urethra typically occur just within or on the external meatus. - 2003


bladder squamous papilloma

A rare, benign neoplasm of bladder that is composed of papillary cores with overlying histologically benign squamous epithelium.


thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma

Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma is a type of thymic epithelial neoplasm displaying evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation.


vulvar nodular hidradenoma

A benign neoplasm that arises from sweat glands in the vulva and is characterized by the presence of lobules composed of epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm.


abdominal cystic lymphangioma

Abdominal cystic lymphangioma is a benign (noncancerous) malformation of the lymphatic vessels in the abdomen. These vessels carry lymph, a fluid that contains white blood cells that fight infection, throughout the body. The severity of the condition and the associated features vary from person to person. When present, signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, an increase in waist circumference, an abdominal mass, intestinal obstruction, and/or volvulus (a twisting of the intestines). The cause of abdominal cystic lymphangioma is poorly understood; however, scientists suspect that it is a congenital anomaly. Most cases are diagnosed in people with no family history of the condition. Treatment varies based on the severity of the condition. People with small malformations that do not cause any symptoms may simply be followed with regular imaging studies to monitor for progression. Some of these cases may resolve spontaneously without treatment. When necessary, surgical excision is often the treatment of choice since it is associated with the lowest risk of recurrence..


tibial adamantinoma

An adamantinoma arising from the tibia. The tibia is the site which is more frequently involved by adamantinoma (80-90% of cases).


nodular hidradenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. It presents as a nodular lesion usually in the scalp, trunk, and proximal extremities. It is characterized by a nodular growth pattern. Complete excision is curative.


ovarian endometrial cancer

A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary characterized by the presence of glands and/or cysts lined by neoplastic cells that resemble endometrial cells.


ovarian squamous cell carcinoma

A usually high grade squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is not associated with a germ cell tumor. The prognosis is poor.


exocervical carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the squamous epithelium of the exocervix.


verrucous carcinoma

A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern, acanthosis, mild cytologic atypia, and pushing tumor margins. The most commonly affected anatomic sites are the oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, vulva, and the plantar region of the foot.


scrotum basal cell carcinoma

A scrotal carcinoma that involves the basal cell.


scrotum squamous cell carcinoma

A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the scrotum. It has been associated with exposure to environmental and industrial carcinogens. The prognosis depends on the extent of lymph node involvement.


skin squamous cell carcinoma in situ

Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, confined to the epidermis. There is no evidence of invasion.


ethmoid sinus cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the ethmoid sinus.


rete testis adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the rete testis.


vaginal adenoma

A glandular epithelial neoplasm that arises from the vagina and shows intestinal differentiation.


borderline epithelial tumor of ovary

A low grade epithelial tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by an atypical proliferation of epithelial cells. There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


kidney pelvis sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma

An infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the renal pelvis and exhibits sarcomatoid features.


intraductal papilloma

An intraluminal papillary epithelial neoplasm arising within the ducts. Representative examples are the intraductal breast papilloma and the salivary gland intraductal papilloma.


sphenoid sinus squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the sphenoid sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


brain hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the brain.


acantholytic acanthoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm of the skin. It presents as a papular or nodular lesion. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and prominent acantholysis.


thyroid hyalinizing trabecular adenoma

A rare, circumscribed or encapsulated tumor arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is characterized by a trabecular growth pattern and hyalinized stroma formation. The vast majority of cases have a benign clinical course.


uterine ligament papillary cystadenoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease

A benign mesonephric neoplasm that arises from the uterine ligament and occurs in women with von Hippel-Lindau disease. It is a cystic lesion characterized by the presence of multiple papillary excrescences.


ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma

A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of clear and hobnail cells. It is highly associated with ovarian endometriosis, pelvic endometriosis and paraendocrine hypercalcemia.


parathyroid gland adenoma

A benign tumor arising from the parenchymal cells of the parathyroid glands. In the vast majority of cases, the tumor involves a single parathyroid gland. It is associated with the symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism, resulting from the excessive production of parathyroid hormone. It is usually surrounded by a well-defined capsule. Capsular invasion, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion are absent.


vulvar neuroendocrine carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the vulva. This category includes small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Most small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the vulva are Merkel cell carcinomas.


villous adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a villous architectural pattern. It may arise from a villous adenoma.


hereditary kidney oncocytoma

An inherited condition characterized by the development of kidney oncocytomas which are often bilateral and multifocal. This condition may be connected to Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.


renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the renal pelvis.


eye carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the eye


squamous cell carcinoma of penis

A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the penis. It occurs chiefly in the squamous epithelium of the glans, coronal sulcus, and foreskin. Etiologic factors include phimosis, lichen sclerosus, smoking, ultraviolet irradiation, history of warts or condylomas, and lack of circumcision. Human papilloma virus is present in a subset of penile squamous cell carcinomas. Patients may present with an exophytic or flat ulcerative mass in the glans or a large primary tumor with inguinal nodal and skin metastases. Morphologic variants include the basaloid carcinoma, warty (condylomatous) carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, and sarcomatoid (spindle cell) carcinoma. (WHO, 2004)


carcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells. Carcinomas that arise from glandular epithelium are called adenocarcinomas, those that arise from squamous epithelium are called squamous cell carcinomas, and those that arise from transitional epithelium are called transitional cell carcinomas. Morphologically, the malignant epithelial cells may display abnormal mitotic figures, anaplasia, and necrosis. Carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Carcinomas invade the surrounding tissues and tend to metastasize to other anatomic sites. Lung carcinoma, skin carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma are the most frequently seen carcinomas.


breast myoepitheliosis

A multifocal neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells within and/or around small breast ducts.


cervical basaloid carcinoma

An aggressive variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of nests of malignant basaloid squamous cells with scant amount of cytoplasm.


serous surface papilloma

A non-invasive papillary serous epithelial neoplasm usually arising from the ovary.


nodular basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that often appears as elevated nodules which may become ulcerated.


estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer

A subtype of breast cancer that is estrogen-receptor negative


nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the nasal cavity mucosa. Signs and symptoms include nasal fullness and obstruction, pain, epistaxis, and the presence of a nasal mass.


intraductal breast papillomatosis

A benign breast neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of multiple papillomas within the lumen of the ducts.


cavernous hemangioma of face

A cavernous hemangioma arising from the face.


adenocarcinoma of skene gland origin

A rare adenocarcinoma arising from Skene gland. It presents as a periurethral or anterior vaginal submucosal mass. It is characterized by morphological features similar to prostate adenocarcinoma.


thymic adenosquamous carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the thymus and is characterized by the presence of glandular and squamous carcinomatous components.


vulvar eccrine porocarcinoma

An eccrine porocarcinoma that arises from the sweat glands in the vulva.


hereditary renal cell carcinoma

An instance of renal cell carcinoma (disease) that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.


sweat gland adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. Representative examples include tubular apocrine adenoma, syringofibroadenoma, and hidradenoma.


pituitary gland acidophil adenoma

An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic dyes.


sarcomatoid basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma of the skin characterized by the presence of sarcomatoid features.


penis carcinoma in situ

A in situ carcinoma that involves the penis.


cervical non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

A variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of polygonal squamous cells. Intercellular bridges and cytoplasmic keratinization may be present, but keratin pearls are absent.


endolymphatic sac tumor

An aggressive epithelial neoplasm arising from the temporal bone. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary pattern, and has been described as an adenoma or carcinoma in the literature. There is disagreement regarding its relationship to endolymphatic sac tumor.


paranasal sinus sarcoma

A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinus.


fallopian tube mucinous tumor

A rare borderline or malignant epithelial tumor of the fallopian tube characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin and may resemble the epithelial cells of the endocervix or gastrointestinal tract.


peritoneal serous adenocarcinoma

A rare, serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the lining of the peritoneum. It affects females. The clinical behavior and pathologic characteristics are similar to the serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary.


cervical adenoid basal carcinoma

A rare low grade carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of nests of basaloid cells with focal glandular formations.


lipoadenoma

An adenoma in which the neoplastic epithelial cells are admixed with adipose tissue cells.


papillary renal cell carcinoma

A rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma, arising from the renal tubular epithelium and showing a papillary growth pattern, which typically manifests with hematuria, flank pain, palpable abdominal mass or nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, weight loss or fever. Symptoms related to metastatic spread, such as bone pain or persistent cough, are frequently associated since early diagnosis is not common. It is typically multifocal, bilateral, and in most cases sporadic, although different hereditary syndromes, such as Hereditary leiomyoma renal cell carcinoma, Birt-Hogg-DubC) syndrome and Tuberous sclerosis, may predispose to the development of papillary renal cell carcinoma.


ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the epithelial cell


hemangioma of gingiva

A hemangioma that involves the gingiva.


trachea squamous cell carcinoma

A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal lining of the trachea. It usually grows as an intraluminal mass and later invades extraluminal structures. The majority of patients present with hemoptysis, coughing, dyspnea, or stridor.


follicular basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by follicular differentiation.


bladder mixed adenocarcinoma

A variant of bladder adenocarcinoma that histologically consists of more than one growth pattern such as enteric, mucinous or signet ring types.


infiltrating renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma

A infiltrating urothelial carcinoma that involves the renal pelvis.


clear cell adenoma

A benign neoplasm composed of glands containing epithelial clear cells.


papillary craniopharyngioma

A craniopharyngioma composed of sheets of squamous epithelium which separate to form pseudopapillae. This variant typically lacks nuclear palisading, wet keratin, calcification, and cholesterol deposits. Clinically, endocrine deficiencies are more often associated with papillary craniopharyngioma than with the adamantinomatous type. (Adapted from WHO)


urinary bladder villous adenoma

An exophytic glandular neoplasm of the bladder, morphologically similar to its intestinal counterpart. It often coexists with in situ or infiltrating bladder adenocarcinoma.


borderline ovarian serous tumor

A low grade serous epithelial neoplasm arising from the ovary. It is characterized by an atypical proliferation of serous-type epithelial cells without evidence of stromal invasion. It is often asymptomatic but rarely it may present with abdominal pain or abdominal enlargement due to rupture or torsion.


labia minora carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the labia minora.


epithelioid hemangioma

A hemangioma characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.


glycogen-rich clear cell breast carcinoma

An uncommon, usually aggressive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of clear cells that contain glycogen.


eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma

A sebaceous gland carcinoma affecting the eyelid. It arises from the meibomian glands, glands of Zeis, or glands associated with the caruncle. It usually affects elderly women and is characterized by high rate of local recurrence, regional, and distant metastases.


adamantinous craniopharyngioma

A craniopharyngioma consisting of broad strands, cords and bridges of a multistratified squamous epithelium with peripheral palisading of nuclei. Diagnostic features include nodules of compact 'wet' keratin and dystrophic calcification. (Adapted from WHO)


poorly differentiated thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma


hemangioma of retina

A hemangioma that involves the retina.


ethmoid sinus Schneiderian papilloma

A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the ethmoid sinus. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis. It is associated with tobacco use and usually presents with gross or microscopic hematuria. Urothelial carcinomas of the renal pelvis are usually of higher grade and higher stage compared to bladder urothelial carcinomas.


urothelial carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm derived from the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract (urinary bladder, ureter, urethra, or renal pelvis). It is frequently papillary.


sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma

A poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with spindle cell morphologic features.


bladder verrucous carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma that involves the urinary bladder.


sarcomatoid carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle cells and anaplastic morphologic features. Giant cells and a sarcomatous component may also be present.


breast carcinoma by gene expression profile

A header term that includes the following breast carcinoma subtypes determined by gene expression profiling: luminal A breast carcinoma, luminal B breast carcinoma, HER2 positive breast carcinoma, basal-like breast carcinoma, triple-negative breast carcinoma, and normal breast-like subtype of breast carcinoma.


Cobb syndrome

Cobb syndrome is defined by the association of vascular cutaneous (venous or arteriovenous), muscular (arteriovenous), osseous (arteriovenous) and medullary (arteriovenous) lesions at the same metamere or spinal segment. This segmental distribution may involve one or many of the 31 metameres present in humans. Only 16% of the medullary lesions are multiple and have a clearly metameric distribution.


papillary hidradenoma

A benign neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. It presents as a slow growing cystic nodular lesion most often in the skin of the vulva and the perianal region. It is characterized by the presence of cystic and large papillary structures. The papillary structures contain connective tissue and are covered by two layers of epithelium. Complete excision is curative.


squamous papilloma

A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern and a proliferation of neoplastic squamous cells without morphologic evidence of malignancy. Most frequently it arises in the oral cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, esophagus, vagina, and vulva.


thymus small cell carcinoma

An aggressive, small cell, poorly differentiated thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma, characterized by the presence of a high mitotic rate and numerous apoptotic bodies.


A variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of islands of cells with uniform, vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli and a dense lymphocytic infiltrate.


mesonephric neoplasm

An epithelial neoplasm of the female reproductive system arising from mesonephric remnants.


capillary infantile hemangioma

Capillary hemangiomas are benign, highly proliferative lesions involving aberrant localized growth of capillary endothelium. They are the most common tumor of infancy, occurring in up to 10% of all births. Hemangiomas tend to appear shortly after birth and show rapid neonatal growth for up to 12 months characterized by endothelial hypercellularity and increased numbers of mast cells. This phase is followed by slow involution at a rate of about 10% per year and replacement by fibrofatty stroma. Hemangiomas are classified as distinct from vascular malformations, in that the latter are present from birth, tend to grow with the individual, do not regress, and show normal rates of endothelial cell turnover.


ovarian mucinous neoplasm

A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin and may resemble the epithelial cells of the endocervix or gastrointestinal tract.


fallopian tube papillary adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube and is characterized by a papillary architectural pattern.


oncocytic neoplasm

A usually benign neoplasm composed of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Representative examples include oncocytic neoplasms of the thyroid gland, and kidney. (NCI05)


squamous cell skin papilloma

A squamous papilloma that involves the zone of skin.


pituitary adenoma, growth hormone-secreting, 2

Any pituitary gland adenoma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GPR101 gene.


ovarian clear cell malignant adenofibroma

A carcinoma arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm in a fibrotic stroma.


vaginal carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the vaginal epithelium. The majority of vaginal carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas.


ureter adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the ureter


central nervous system hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the brain and spinal cord.


skin pilomatrix carcinoma

A very rare, locally aggressive, malignant neoplasm of the hair follicle. The majority of the cases arise de novo, however malignant transformation from a pre-existing pilomatricoma has been reported. It usually presents as a solitary nodule in the head and neck, upper extremities, or buttocks. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of aggregates of basaloid cells infiltrating the dermis. Masses of ghost cells are present in the cellular aggregates. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. If it is not completely removed, it usually recurs, but it rarely metastasizes to distant anatomic sites.


breast hemangioma

A capillary or cavernous hemangioma arising from the breast.


vulvar seborrheic keratosis

A benign squamous neoplasm that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the proliferation of the basal cells in the squamous epithelium, acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and cysts formation.


nut midline carcinoma

A rare, highly aggressive and lethal carcinoma that affects children and young adults. It arises from midline epithelial structures, most commonly the head, neck, and mediastinum. It is a poorly differentiated carcinoma and is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene. A balanced translocation t(15;19) is present that results in the creation of a fusion gene involving the NUT gene, most commonly BRD4-NUT fusion gene.


cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

A usually well to moderately differentiated cervical adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells that contain significant amount of intracytoplasmic mucin.


Littre gland carcinoma

A carcinoma involving a male urethral gland.


invasive breast carcinoma

A carcinoma that infiltrates the breast parenchyma. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas arising from the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU). Often, the invasive adenocarcinoma co-exists with ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ. It is the most common carcinoma affecting women.


adrenal cortex carcinoma

A rare, usually large (greater than 5cm), malignant epithelial tumor arising from the adrenal cortical cells. Symptoms are usually related to the excessive production of hormones, and include Cushing's syndrome and virilism in women. Common sites of metastasis include liver, lung, bone, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Advanced radiologic procedures have enabled the detection of small tumors, resulting in the improvement of the 5-year survival.


Foix-Alajouanine syndrome

Foix-Alajouanine syndrome, also called subacute ascending necrotising myelitis, results from chronic congestion of the extrinsic pial veins of the spinal cord and of the intrinsic subpial network. It is characterized by progressive ascending deficit over a period of several months or years.


pleomorphic breast carcinoma

A rare, aggressive, high grade invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified. It is characterized by the presence of pleomorphic and bizarre malignant cells that constitute more than 50 percent of the malignant cellular infiltrate.


skin lymphangiosarcoma

A malignant vascular neoplasm of the skin arising from the lymphatic vessels.


transitional cell neoplasm

A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm affecting the transitional cells.


recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare respiratory disease characterized by the development of exophytic papillomas, affecting the mucosa of the upper aero-digestive tract (with a strong predilection for the larynx), caused by an infection with human papilloma virus. Symptoms at presentation may include hoarseness, chronic cough, dyspnea, recurrent upper respiratory infections, pneumonia, dysphagia, stridor, and/or failure to thrive.


papillary cystadenocarcinoma

A malignant cystic serous or mucinous epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures. Stromal invasion is present.


cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome type 1


prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland composed of secretory cells. It is the most common histologic type of prostate adenocarcinoma. Several morphologic variants exist, including atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, foamy gland, and oncocytic variants.


fallopian tube endometrioid adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube and resembles the endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. It usually has a favorable prognosis.


urinary bladder inverted papilloma

A neoplasm of the bladder in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue, which often causes hematuria.


urinary tract non-invasive transitional cell neoplasm

A non-invasive neoplasm affecting the urothelium.


lipid-rich carcinoma

A carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm which contains neutral lipids. A representative example is the lipid-rich breast carcinoma.


adenosquamous carcinoma

A carcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells and malignant squamous cells.


basaloid carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, small amount of cytoplasm, and peripheral nuclear palisading.


thymic sarcomatoid carcinoma

A rare, usually aggressive, primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of tumor cells morphologically resembling soft tissue sarcoma.


thymoma type AB

A thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of a lymphocyte-poor component similar to that seen in type A thymoma and a lymphocyte-rich component which contains neoplastic small polygonal epithelial cells. It may be associated with myasthenia gravis and pure red cell aplasia. The majority of cases occur in the anterior mediastinum as Masaoka stage I tumors. A minority of the cases occur as stage II or stage III tumors. The overall survival is reported to be 80-100% at 5 and 10 years.


solid papillary breast carcinoma

A well circumscribed, low grade neoplasm that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of sheets of malignant epithelial cells that are supported by fibrovascular structures. When there is an invasive component present, it is usually a mucinous carcinoma.


multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is a multiple endocrine neoplasia, a polyglandular cancer syndrome characterized by the occurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma (PCC), in one variant, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). There are three forms: MEN2A, MEN2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC).


multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma

A rare type of renal cell carcinoma. It is a well-circumscribed multicystic mass without solid areas. The inner lining of the cystic structures is composed of clear cells.


Warthin tumor

An adenoma characterized by an oncocytic, often papillary, epithelial component, dense lymphoid stroma, and cystic spaces. It occurs primarily in the parotid gland, and is the second most common benign parotid salivary gland tumor. A strong association with smoking has been reported. It typically presents as a painless swelling in the lower portion of the parotid gland.


mucoepidermoid breast carcinoma

A carcinoma of the breast characterized by pools of mucin and islands of malignant squamous cells. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the breast are extremely rare.


vulvar angiokeratoma

An uncommon benign lesion in the vulva. It manifests with multiple papular lesions which are purple in color. They are usually asymptomatic. Histologically, there is hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and dilated blood vessels in the papillary dermis.


minor vestibular glands adenoma

A rare, benign neoplasm that arises from the vulva It is characterized by the presence of clusters of small glands lined by mucinous epithelial cells. Bartholin duct structures are not present.


lip and oral cavity carcinoma

A carcinoma arising in the lip or oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Lip carcinomas are usually basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas.


breast apocrine carcinoma

An adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of two intermingled cellular components: cells with abundant granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and cells with abundant cytoplasm containing fine empty vacuoles.


intraductal breast papilloma

A benign papillary neoplasm that arises anywhere in the ductal system of the breast. It is characterized by fibrovascular structures lined by benign epithelial and myoepithelial proliferations. Intraductal breast papillomas are classified as central, when they arise in large ducts, or peripheral, when they arise in the terminal ductal lobular units.


cystadenocarcinoma

A malignant cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium. The malignant epithelial cells invade the stroma. The cystic spaces contain serous or mucinous fluid. Representative examples include ovarian and pancreatic cystadenocarcinomas.


familial ovarian carcinoma

Ovarian carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients that have a history of ovarian carcinoma.


hormone-resistant prostate carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma that does not respond to hormone therapy.


cerebral hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the cerebral hemisphere.


classic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

A variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of large pale cells with thickened cell membranes.


sebaceous adenoma

A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm arising from the sebaceous glands. It usually presents as a small yellowish tumor in the sun exposed skin of head and neck. It is characterized by the presence of sebaceous cells aggregates with a peripheral rim of basaloid cells.


medullary breast carcinoma

An infiltrating breast carcinoma with a relatively favorable prognosis. It is an uncommon carcinoma, accounting for less than 1% of all infiltrating breast carcinomas. It is well circumscribed, with soft cut surface and often of considerable size. Microscopically, the predominant growth pattern is syncytial with broad anastomosing bands or sheets of malignant cells. The malignant cells are round with abundant cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei. The sheets of malignant cells are associated with a marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Glandular or tubular structures are absent.


cervical adenosquamous carcinoma, glassy cell variant

A poorly differentiated variant of adenosquamous carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with ground glass cytoplasm and stromal eosinophilic infiltrates.


ovarian carcinosarcoma

A highly aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the ovary. Morphologically, it is a high grade tumor, composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.


breast ductal adenocarcinoma

A breast carcinoma arising from the ducts. While ductal carcinomas can arise at other sites, this term is universally used to refer to carcinomas of the breast. Ductal carcinomas account for about two thirds of all breast cancers. Two types of ductal carcinomas have been described: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma. The latter often spreads to the axillary lymph nodes and other anatomic sites. The two forms of ductal carcinoma often coexist.


human papillomavirus-related penile squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is caused by human papillomavirus infection. Morphologic variants include basaloid carcinoma and warty carcinoma.


spindle cell variant squamous cell breast carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped malignant cells.


adamantinoid basal cell epithelioma

A rare but aggressive type of basal skin carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of a meshwork of stellate tumor cells. It occurs most commonly in the nose and ears.


endometrioid adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells resembling endometrial cells. It can arise from the uterine body, ovary, fallopian tube, cervix, vagina, and uterine ligament.


adamantinoma

A low grade malignant neoplasm arising from the long bones. The tibia is the most frequently affected bone site. Patients present with swelling which may or may not be associated with pain. Morphologically, it is characterized by a biphasic pattern consisting of an epithelial and an osteofibrous component. The vast majority of cases recur if they are not treated with radical surgery. In a minority of cases the tumor may metastasize to other anatomic sites including lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, and skeleton.


nasal cavity adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the nasal cavity


papillary adenoma

An adenoma characterized by the presence of papillary epithelial patterns.


nipple duct carcinoma

A carcinoma that develops in the ducts of the nipple.


frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the frontal sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


hidradenocarcinoma

A carcinoma with apocrine and less often eccrine differentiation, arising from the sweat glands. It usually presents as a solitary slow growing nodule in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues. It is characterized by a nodular growth pattern and it is often associated with necrotic changes.


bladder urachal squamous cell carcinoma

A rare variant of bladder urachal carcinoma with squamous cell features.


growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma 1


fallopian tube carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the fallopian tube.


prostatic adenoma

Focal benign glandular hyperplasia in the prostate gland.


papillary carcinoma of the cervix uteri

A papillary carcinoma that involves the uterine cervix.


rete ovarii adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the rete ovarii. It is composed of elongated tubules. The clinical course is benign.


thyroid gland papillary and follicular carcinoma

A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and prognosis is the same as that of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1271)


adenoma of nipple

A adenoma that involves the nipple.


middle ear adenoma

A benign, well-circumscribed glandular neoplasm that arises from the middle ear and may exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation. It usually presents with conductive hearing loss.


inflammatory breast carcinoma

An advanced, invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of distinct changes in the overlying skin. These changes include diffuse erythema, edema, peau d'orange (skin of an orange) appearance, tenderness, induration, warmth, enlargement, and in some cases a palpable mass. The skin changes are the consequence of lymphatic obstruction from the underlying invasive breast adenocarcinoma. Microscopically, the dermal lymphatics show prominent infiltration by malignant cells. The invasive breast adenocarcinoma is usually of ductal, NOS type. There is not significant inflammatory cell infiltrate present, despite the name of this carcinoma.


ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation

An endometrioid adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and exhibits squamous differentiation. The squamous cell component often has a cytologically benign appearance.


hemangioma of subcutaneous tissue

A hemangioma arising from the subcutaneous soft tissues.


external ear basal cell carcinoma

A basal cell carcinoma that arises from the skin of the external ear.


extraovarian Brenner tumor of the vagina

A Brenner tumor that involves the vagina.


ovarian cystadenoma

A benign ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumor characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by serous epithelial cells, mucinous columnar epithelial cells, or endometrial-type well-differentiated cells.


atypical breast papilloma

An intraductal papilloma of the breast characterized by the presence of focal epithelial atypia.


vulvar non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the absence of keratin pearls.


granular cell carcinoma

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with granular cytoplasm.


cervical endometrioid adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma with the histologic characteristics of the endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.


skin adenosquamous carcinoma

An uncommon carcinoma that arises from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular and malignant squamous cellular components.


paranasal sinus Schneiderian papilloma

A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the paranasal sinuses. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


urethra inverted papilloma

A neoplasm of the urethra in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue.


ureter small cell carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the ureter. It is characterized by the presence of small neuroendocrine cells. The prognosis is poor.


triple-positive breast carcinoma

A breast carcinoma which is positive for expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).


multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B

Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (MEN2B) syndrome is a rare aggressive form of MEN2 characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma, mucosal ganglioneuroma, and marfanoid habitus.


angiokeratoma of Fordyce

An angiokeratoma that is located on the scrotum or vulva.


venous hemangioma

A rare slow growing benign tumor of aberrant and ectatic venous connections.


nipple carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the nipple


littoral cell angioma of the spleen

Littoral cell angioma is a rare primary vascular neoplasm of the spleen, composed of littoral cells that line the splenic sinuses of the red pulp. It was thought to be a benign, incidental lesion. However, many recent reports have described it to be a malignant lesion with congenital and immunological associations. The definitive diagnosis can only be made after histology and immunohistochemistry studies.


syringofibroadenoma

A rare, benign eccrine neoplasm usually arising on acral areas as a solitary papular or nodular lesion. Multiple lesions are referred as syringofibroadenomatosis. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial cuboidal cells forming anastomosing cords in a fibrovascular stroma.


ovarian seromucinous tumor

A benign, borderline, or malignant mixed epithelial tumor of the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of more than one epithelial cell type, most often serous and endocervical-type mucinous.


mammary Paget disease

A malignant neoplasm in which there is infiltration of the skin overlying the breast by neoplastic large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli (Paget cells). It is almost always associated with an intraductal or invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The clinical features include focal skin reddening, and eczema. Retraction of the nipple may sometimes occur.


bladder tubulo-cystic clear cell adenocarcinoma

A rare morphologic variant of bladder carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and clear cells forming a tubulo-cystic pattern.


type 2 papillary adenoma of the kidney

A renal papillary adenoma which is characterized by eosinophilic cells.


tubular adenocarcinoma

An infiltrating adenocarcinoma in which the malignant cells form tubular structures. Representative examples include the tubular breast carcinoma and the gastric tubular adenocarcinoma.


tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma

An adenoid cystic carcinoma that arises from the trachea. It spreads to the submucosal tracheal tissue and to regional lymph nodes.


urothelial dysplasia

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplastic changes in the transitional cell epithelium of the urinary tract.


sebaceous adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma with sebaceous differentiation. It presents as a painless mass and it may be multifocal. It grows in the ocular adnexae and in the skin of head and neck, trunk, genitals, and extremities. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with multivesicular and clear cytoplasm. It may recur and metastasize.


acinic cell breast carcinoma

A breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of serous (acinic cell) differentiation.


lobular breast carcinoma in situ

A non-invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of monomorphic cells completely filling the lumina. The overall lobular architecture is preserved. It is frequently multifocal (90% in some series) and bilateral. It seldom becomes invasive; however there is an increased risk of infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma.


adrenal medulla carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the adrenal medulla


external ear carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the external ear


urothelial neoplasm

A neoplasm involving a urothelium.


ovarian mucinous adenocarcinofibroma

A malignant neoplasm of the ovary with an invasive epithelial component and a fibrotic stroma. The epithelial component is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with intracytoplasmic mucin. Cystic spaces are also present which contain mucoid material.


uterine ligament mucinous adenocarcinoma

A rare mucinous adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine ligament.


rete testis adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the rete testis


carcinoma of the vocal tract

A carcinoma that involves the laryngeal vocal fold.


acinar prostate adenocarcinoma, foamy gland variant

A variant of acinar prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant xanthomatous appearing cytoplasm.


tubular adenoma

A usually polypoid neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features. Representative examples include the tubular adenomas of the colon and rectum.


glycogen-rich carcinoma

A carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with abundant clear cytoplasm which contains glycogen. A representative example is the glycogen-rich, clear cell breast carcinoma.


bartholin gland squamous cell carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant squamous epithelial cells.


frontal sinus cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the frontal sinus.


invasive tubular breast carcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast with a favorable prognosis. It is composed of tubular structures lined by a single layer of epithelium.


bladder clear cell adenocarcinoma

A rare morphologic variant of bladder adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and clear cells distributed in a tubulo-cystic, papillary, or diffuse pattern. There is a female predilection. Clinical presentation includes hematuria and dysuria.


non-functioning adrenal cortex adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex characterized by the absence of a hormonal syndrome or symptoms suggestive of adrenal disease.


fallopian tube mucinous adenocarcinoma

An extremely rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin. The cases that have been reported are predominantly in situ mucinous adenocarcinomas.


ethmoid sinus inverted papilloma

A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the ethmoid sinus. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


bladder adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the urinary bladder


metanephric adenoma

A benign, well-circumscribed renal cortical neoplasm affecting females more often than males. Polycythemia has been reported in twelve-percent of patients.


urethra clear cell adenocarcinoma

A morphologic variant of urethral adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of tubulocystic or papillary structures lined with clear cuboidal or hobnail cells.


cervical villoglandular adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a prominent villoglandular pattern.


hidradenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. Variants include the clear cell and nodular hidradenoma.


female breast axillary tail cancer

A cancer that involves the UBERON:0035289.


Paget disease of the nipple

Paget disease of the nipple describes a rare presentation of breast cancer, seen most frequently in women aged 50-60, manifesting with nipple drainage and itching, erythema, crusty and excoriated nipple, thickened plaques, and hyperpigmentation (less frequently). It is due to tumor cells invading the nipple-areola complex and represents 1-3% of all new breast cancer diagnoses.


thyroid gland oncocytic adenoma

A thyroid gland adenoma composed of large cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli.


signet ring cell breast carcinoma

An invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with signet ring appearance.


endometrial serous adenocarcinoma

A high grade, aggressive adenocarcinoma arising from the endometrium. It is characterized by the presence of complex papillary patterns with cellular budding. Atypical mitoses, necrosis, and psammoma bodies may be present. It is classified as type II endometrial carcinoma and it is not associated with endometrial hyperplasia. It tends to invade deeply into the myometrium and spreads into the lymphatic vessels. Patients frequently present with spread of the tumor beyond the uterus at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis is usually poor.


bladder colonic type adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises in the bladder. It is characterized by intestinal type glands and resembles colonic adenocarcinoma.


larynx squamous papilloma

A benign exophytic neoplasm that arises from the larynx, usually the true vocal cords. It is related to human papillomavirus infection and may arise as a single or multiple lesions. It is characterized by the presence of a connective tissue core covered by stratified squamous epithelium. Hoarseness is the presenting symptom. Transformation to carcinoma is rare.


ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma

A malignant serous cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of glandular, papillary, or solid structures. Psammoma bodies may be present. In well differentiated cases the malignant epithelial cells resemble the cells of fallopian tube epithelium. In poorly differentiated cases the malignant epithelial cells show anaplastic features.


ovarian papillary cystadenoma

A serous cystadenoma of the ovary characterized by the presence of small papillary projections in the inner surface of the cysts.


choroid plexus carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm arising from the choroid plexus. It shows anaplastic features and usually invades neighboring brain structures. Cerebrospinal fluid metastases are frequent. (Adapted from WHO)


prostate small cell carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate gland with unfavorable prognosis, composed of small cells containing neurosecretory granules. Approximately half of the cases show a mixture of small cells and adenocarcinoma cells.


intestinal variant cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma that resembles the large intestinal adenocarcinoma.


malignant adrenal gland pheochromocytoma

A pheochromocytoma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites. Common sites of metastasis include lymph nodes, bones, liver, and lung. Morphologic features associated with malignant pheochromocytomas include: atypical mitotic figures, capsular and vascular invasion, tumor cell necrosis, and high mitotic activity.


nasal cavity and paranasal sinus carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


squamous papillomatosis

A benign squamous neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern, diffusely involving a specific anatomic site.


ovarian cystadenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of cystic structures. It includes the serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and clear cell cystadenocarcinoma.


malignant spiradenoma

A very rare, aggressive carcinoma of the sweat glands arising from malignant transformation of a long standing spiradenoma. It usually grows in the upper extremities, lower extremities, trunk, and head and neck. It has the tendency to recur and metastasize most often to the lymph nodes, bones, and lungs.


angiokeratoma of scrotum

An angiokeratoma that is located on the scrotum.


sphenoid sinus Schneiderian papilloma

A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the sphenoid sinus. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


lipid-rich breast carcinoma

An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic neutral lipids in the vast majority of the malignant cells.


capillary hemangioma

A common hemangioma characterized by the presence of capillary-sized vascular channels without prominent epithelioid endothelial cells.


vulva basal cell carcinoma

A slow growing, locally infiltrating carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells that resemble the basal cells that are present in the epidermis.


childhood bladder carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the bladder that occurs during childhood.


sporadic breast cancer

A carcinoma that arises from the breast and is not caused by inherited genetic mutations.


infantile hemangioma of rare localization


Brenner tumor

A usually benign tumor composed of solid and cystic nests of epithelial cells resembling transitional epithelium; it is surrounded by an abundant stromal component that is dense and fibroblastic in nature.


cervical adenosquamous carcinoma

An uncommon carcinoma arising from the cervix. It is composed of malignant glandular epithelial cells and malignant squamous epithelial cells.


breast tumor luminal A or B

Subsets of breast carcinoma defined by expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells.


micropapillary serous carcinoma

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of complex micropapillary structures covered by round and cuboidal cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio.


ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

An invasive cystic adenocarcinoma arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. The malignant cells invade the ovarian stroma and the cystic spaces contain mucoid material. In a minority of cases both ovaries are involved by the tumor. The prognosis for stage I tumors is excellent. Patients with metastases usually have a poor prognosis.


parathyroid oncocytic adenoma

A parathyroid gland adenoma composed predominantly or entirely of neoplastic cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.


vaginal glandular neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of neoplastic glandular epithelial cells. Representative examples include adenoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and clear cell adenocarcinoma.


cavernous hemangioma of retina

A cavernous hemangioma that involves the retina.


follicular thyroid adenoma

A benign, encapsulated tumor, arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It may be associated with thyroid hormone secretion but it does not have malignant characteristics.


primary intraosseous venous malformation

Primary intraosseous venous malformation is a rare, genetic vascular anomaly characterized by severe blood vessel expansion (most frequently within the craniofacial bones) with painless bone enlargement (usually of mandibule, maxilla and/or orbital, nasal, and frontal bones), typically resulting in facial asymmetry and contour deformation. Midline abnormalities, such as diastasis recti, supraumbilical raphe, and hiatus hernia, are commonly associated. Additional features reported include gingival bleeding, ectopic tooth eruption, exophthalmos, loss of vision, nausea, and vomiting.


vulva verrucous carcinoma

A highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of a warty and hyperkeratinized surface, malignant cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, minimal cytologic atypia, and absence or rarity of mitotic figures. The tumor infiltrates the underlying stroma with a pushing border.


bladder sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma

A sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma that is located in the bladder.


urethral verrucous carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma that involves the urethra.


invasive malignant thymoma

A malignant thymoma that extends beyond the capsule and infiltrates the surrounding tissues.


penile carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the penis


penis mixed squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is characterized by a mixture of morphologic patterns (e.g., high grade squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma or warty-basaloid carcinoma).


acinar prostate adenocarcinoma, signet ring variant

A morphologic variant of acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland characterized by the presence of signet ring malignant cells.


skin clear cell basal cell carcinoma

A morphologic variant of basal cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


ovarian squamous cell neoplasm

A squamous cell tumor that arises from the ovary and is not associated with a germ cell tumor.


papilloma

A benign epithelial neoplasm that projects above the surrounding epithelial surface and consists of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma.


thymus gland adenocarcinoma

A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of carcinoma cells with glandular differentiation.


large cell acanthoma

A benign, well-circumscribed squamous lesion characterized by the presence of enlarged keratinocytes with nuclei twice the normal size. (WHO 2018)


collecting duct carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the collecting duct of renal tubule


lymphedema-posterior choanal atresia syndrome


mixed epithelial/mesenchymal metaplastic breast carcinoma

An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal cellular component. The mesenchymal cellular component ranges from cartilaginous and osseous, to purely sarcomatous.


Human MALT1 wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 18q21 and is approximately 79 kb in length. This allele, which encodes mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 protein, plays a role in the modulation of the nuclear factor kappa B complex signaling cascade. The gene is involved in a chromosomal translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) with the BIRC2 gene in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.


secretory uterine corpus endometrioid adenocarcinoma

An endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from the endometrium. Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells containing glycogen vacuoles which are usually subnuclear and reminiscent of early secretory endometrium.


basal-like breast carcinoma

A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by high expression of genes characteristic of basal epithelial cells, including KRT5 and KRT17, annexin 8, CX3CL1, and TRIM29, and usually by lack of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It is the most common subtype of breast cancer associated with BRCA1 mutations, and is associated with a poor prognosis.


morpheaform basal cell carcinoma

A histologic variant of basal cell carcinoma of the skin characterized by the presence of strands and nests of malignant cells that are embedded in a dense fibrotic stroma.


cervical small cell carcinoma

A small cell carcinoma arising from the cervix.


ureter squamous cell carcinoma

A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the ureter.


papillary epithelial neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of papillae lined by epithelial cells.


maxillary sinus inverted papilloma

A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the maxillary sinus. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


papillary carcinoma of the corpus uteri

A papillary carcinoma that involves the body of uterus.


ethmoid sinus adenoid cystic carcinoma

An adenoid cystic carcinoma that affects the ethmoid sinus.


clear cell adenocarcinoma

A malignant neoplasm composed of glandular epithelial clear cells. Various architectural patterns may be seen, including papillary, tubulocystic, and solid.


adrenal carcinoma

A carcinoma involving a adrenal gland.


cervical adenoid cystic carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of cystic spaces surrounded by palisaded epithelial cells. The cystic spaces contain eosinophilic hyaline material or mucin. Nuclear pleomorphism, necrotic changes, and a high mitotic rate are also present.


childhood choroid plexus carcinoma

A choroid plexus carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


hormone-resistant breast carcinoma

Breast carcinoma that does not respond to hormone therapy.


mixed cell type adenoma of parathyroid

A parathyroid gland adenoma that contains a mixture of neoplastic cells (chief cells, oncocytes, and clear cells).


benign adrenal gland pheochromocytoma

A sporadic or familial pheochromocytoma that is confined to the adrenal gland and does not have any metastatic potential. The majority of cases are sporadic, and usually unilateral. Familial cases are usually bilateral.


chromophobe adenoma

An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.


verrucous papilloma

A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern, lack of significant cytologic atypia, and a wart-like appearance.


breast apocrine adenoma

A rare, benign and well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelial cells with extensive apocrine metaplasia.


grade III prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of severe architectural and cytologic abnormalities.


sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma

A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with spindle cell features.


dermal unilateral segmental cavernous angioma


thymic carcinoma

Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a type of thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by a high malignant potential.


undifferentiated carcinoma of the corpus uteri

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the corpus uteri is a rare cancer of corpus uteri presenting as a large, polypoid, intraluminal mass with necrosis, composed of small to intermediate-size, relatively uniform, dyshesive cells displaying no differentiation. It usually presents with dysfunctional bleeding or vaginal discharge and, less often, abdominal pain. Association with Lynch syndrome was reported.


Bartholin gland small cell carcinoma

A rare neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells and high mitotic activity.


basal cell neoplasm

A neoplastic proliferation of basal cells in the epidermis (part of the skin) or other anatomic sites (most frequently the salivary glands). The basal cell neoplastic proliferation in the epidermis results in basal cell carcinomas. The basal cell neoplastic proliferation in the salivary glands can be benign, resulting in basal cell adenomas or malignant, resulting in basal cell adenocarcinomas.


malignant ovarian Brenner tumor

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of an invasive malignant transitional cell component and nests of benign transitional cells in a fibrotic stroma. When the neoplasm is confined to the ovary, the prognosis is good.


regional ureteric cancer

Carcinoma of the ureter without spread to any other region.


cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome

A disorder characterized by vascular malformations that encompasses a spectrum of phenotypic expression involving arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the cerebral, orbital, and facial region.


cervical verrucous carcinoma

A highly differentiated variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of a warty surface and stromal invasion with pushing borders. The malignant cells have abundant cytoplasm and minimal nuclear atypia. Koilocytosis is not present.


epidermolytic acanthoma

A benign epithelial verrucous lesion of the skin. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis.


intracranial hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the brain and meninges.


pregnancy adenoma

A tubular type adenoma of the breast in which, during pregnancy and lactation, the epithelial cells show extensive secretory changes.


papillary urothelial neoplasm

A neoplastic lesion of the urinary tract transitional cell epithelium characterized by papillary formations. -- 2003


nasal vestibule squamous papilloma

A benign exophytic squamous cell neoplasm with papillary growth that arises from the nasal vestibule.


skin appendage carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the sebaceous glands, sweat glands, or the hair follicles. Representative examples include sebaceous carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, eccrine carcinoma, and pilomatrical carcinoma.


vestibular micropapillomatosis

A benign neoplastic process characterized by the presence of multiple vestibular papillomas in the vulva.


vestibular papilloma

A benign papillary neoplasm that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of a delicate fibrovascular stalk lined by squamous epithelium. There is no evidence of epithelial atypia.


diffuse type adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a diffuse cellular infiltrate which is composed of poorly cohesive cells with minimal or no glandular formations. Representative example is the gastric diffuse adenocarcinoma.


sweat gland carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the sweat glands. Representative examples include tubular carcinoma, spiradenocarcinoma, eccrine carcinoma, hidradenocarcinoma, and apocrine carcinoma.


cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma, minimal deviation variant

A rare, extremely well differentiated cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma in which most of the neoplastic glands cannot be distinguished from the normal endocervical glands.


cutaneous adenocystic carcinoma

A adenoid cystic carcinoma that involves the skin of body.


nasopharyngeal type undifferentiated carcinoma

A nonkeratinizing carcinoma which occurs predominantly in the nasopharynx but also in the tonsils and rarely in other anatomic sites. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, syncytial growth pattern, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.


renal cell carcinoma associated with neuroblastoma

Renal cell carcinoma that develops in patients who are long-term survivors of childhood neuroblastoma.


clear cell acanthoma

An acanthoma characterized by the presence of psoriasiform epidermal acanthosis and basal cells with pale cytoplasm.


renal pelvis papillary urothelial carcinoma

A papillary transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the renal pelvis.


fallopian tube adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the fallopian tube


signet ring cell variant cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

A rare cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells.


endometrial mixed adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the endometrium and is characterized by the presence of both type I and type II endometrial adenocarcinoma components. The minor component constitutes at least 5% of the entire tumor.


hobnail hemangioma

A hemangioma characterized by the presence of hobnail endothelial cells.


female breast upper-outer quadrant cancer


renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma

A transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the renal pelvis and ureter.


bladder papillary clear cell adenocarcinoma

A rare morphologic variant of bladder adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and clear cells forming a papillary pattern.


paranasal sinus mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the paranasal sinus. It is characterized by the presence of epidermoid cells, mucus producing cells, and cells of intermediate type.


early invasive cervical adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma with minimal stromal invasion. The risk of local lymph node metastasis is insignificant and the prognosis is excellent.


ductal breast carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ

The co-existence of ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ in the breast, without evidence of stromal invasion.


keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinomas with morphologically prominent production of keratin.


metastatic carcinoma in the adrenal medulla

A carcinoma that has spread to the adrenal medulla from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


adenoid cystic carcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells. Microscopically, the neoplastic epithelial cells form cylindrical spatial configurations (cribriform or classic type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), cordlike structures (tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), or solid structures (basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma). Adenoid cystic carcinomas mostly occur in the salivary glands. Other primary sites of involvement include the lacrimal gland, the larynx, and the lungs. Adenoid cystic carcinomas spread along nerve sheaths, resulting in severe pain, and they tend to recur. Lymph node metastases are unusual; hematogenous tumor spread is characteristic.


Wolffian adnexal tumor

A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm of probable Wolffian origin. It predominantly arises from the broad ligament and presents as a unilateral adnexal mass.


urethral villous adenoma

An epithelial neoplasm of the urethra, which is morphologically characterized by the presence of a villous architectural pattern.


eccrine porocarcinoma

A carcinoma with eccrine differentiation arising from the sweat glands. It may arise de novo or as a malignant transformation of a pre-existing poroma. It usually grows in the legs, buttocks, feet, and trunk and usually presents as an ulcerative plaque. It is characterized by the presence of intraepidermal and dermal nests of malignant epithelial cells. It may recur after excision and metastasize to the lymph nodes and less frequently to distal anatomic sites.


malignant type A thymoma

A type A thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


splenic hemangioma

A hemangioma arising from the spleen.


atypical lobular breast hyperplasia

Lobular neoplasia characterized by lobular epithelial proliferation that does not completely fill the lobular unit of the breast.


middle ear carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the middle ear


angiokeratoma

A vascular lesion in the papillary dermis resulting from ectasia of pre-existing vessels. It is associated with secondary proliferative changes in the overlying epidermis (hyperkeratosis). It can present with widespread lesions (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, often associated with inborn errors of metabolism) or as a localized lesion (angiokeratoma of Fordyce, angiokeratoma circumscriptum, and angiokeratoma of Mibelli).


vulvar glandular neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the vulva and is composed of glandular epithelial cells. Representative examples include adenoma of the minor vestibular glands, Bartholin gland adenoma, and Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma.


childhood adrenal gland pheochromocytoma

A rare pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland that occurs during childhood.


paranasal sinus carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm arising in the paranasal sinus.


infiltrating urothelial carcinoma

A invasive carcinoma that involves the urothelium.


uterine ligament serous adenocarcinoma

A rare serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine ligament.


middle ear squamous cell carcinoma

A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the middle ear.


cystic renal cell carcinoma

Cystic renal cell carcinoma includes any malignant neoplasm of renal tubular epithelium which presents as a fluid-filled mass. Approximately 15 per cent of cases of renal cell carcinoma will be cystic on radiologic and pathologic examination. The clinical features of cystic renal cell carcinoma are similar to those which are solid. The radiographic and pathologic findings of cystic renal cell carcinoma are often more confusing and less specific than the findings of renal cell carcinoma which are predominantly solid. There are four basic pathologic mechanisms resulting in cystic renal cell carcinoma: intrinsic multiloculated growth; intrinsic unilocular growth (cystadenocarcinoma); cystic necrosis; and origin from the epithelial lining of a preexisting simple cyst. There are three basic radiologic patterns of cystic renal cell carcinoma: unilocular cystic mass, multiloculated cystic mass, and discrete mural nodule in a cystic mass. Cystic renal cell carcinoma is often extremely difficult to differentiate from non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic, and other malignant neoplastic masses utilizing radiologic studies alone. This review presents the clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features of cystic renal cell carcinoma and discusses its radiologic differential diagnosis.


breast adenomyoepithelioma

A usually benign tumor arising from the breast. It is characterized by the proliferation of cells with myoepithelial differentiation around spaces which are lined by epithelial cells. Rarely, the epithelial and/or myoepithelial cells may undergo malignant transformation. Cases with malignant transformation may follow an aggressive clinical course, including recurrences and local and distant metastases.


aniridia 3

Any isolated aniridia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TRIM44 gene.


hemangioblastoma

Hemangioblastoma is a rare, benign, highly vascularized tumor of the central nervous system, most often located in the cerebellum or spinal cord, presenting in adulthood and manifesting with dizziness, nausea, malaise, headache, bladder or bowel dysfunction, numbness, weakness and pain in the upper or lower extremities, and often associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). Exceptional cases of hemangioblastoma arising outside of the central nervous system have been reported.


mucinous tubular and spindle renal cell carcinoma

A low grade carcinoma of the kidney characterized by the presence of tubules which are separated by mucinous stroma. Often the tubular structures have a spindle cell appearance. Patients are usually asymptomatic and occasionally they may present with hematuria or flank pain.


papillary carcinoma of the penis

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


seminal vesicle cystadenoma

A rare benign cystadenoma that arises from the seminal vesicle.


normal breast-like subtype of breast carcinoma

A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by high expression of many genes expressed by adipose and other non-epithelial tissues.


facial arteriovenous malformation

Facial arteriovenous malformation is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by abnormal communication between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary bed, located in the facial area. Lesions may be asymptomatic or may manifest with pain, ulceration, pulsation, tinnitus, minor bleeding or potentially life-threatening hemorrhage, blurred vision, impaired hearing, headache, paresthesia, enlargement of facial bones with intraosseous lesions, intraosseous hemangiomas, and speech, breathing and swallowing difficulties, as well as neuropathy.


transitional cell papilloma

A benign papillary neoplasm composed of transitional cells which show preservation of the nuclear polarity.


thymoma type A

A thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle and/or oval neoplastic epithelial cells. Lymphocytic infiltration is minimal or absent. It may be associated with myasthenia gravis or pure red cell aplasia. The majority of cases occur in the anterior mediastinum as Masaoka stage I tumors. Approximately 20% of the cases occur as stage II or stage III tumors. Type A thymoma generally behaves as a benign tumor and the overall survival is reported to be 100% at 5 and 10 years.


encapsulated thymoma

A thymoma that is confined within the capsule and may display benign or malignant morphologic characteristics.


inverted urothelial papilloma

An endophytic lesion in the urinary tract which shares several morphologic features with urothelial papilloma. This lesion may recur after complete excision. Transitional cell carcinomas may arise within inverted urothelial papillomas.


uterine ligament adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine ligament.


endometrial squamous cell carcinoma

A primary carcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of malignant squamous cells.


glandular cell neoplasm

A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic epithelial neoplasm affecting the glandular cells.


eosinophilic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

A variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in which more than 80% of the malignant cells have granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm.


ocular sebaceous carcinoma

Ocular sebaceous carcinoma is a rare condition and accounts for 1% to 5.5% of eyelid malignancies and is the third most common eyelid malignancy after basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. It usually affects elderly women, has a high rate of local recurrence, and a tendency to regional and distant metastases.


lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the lip or the oral cavity. The oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma usually arises from the buccal mucosa, tongue, or gums. It occurs predominantly in adults who use tobacco and alcohol and has a tendency to metastasize early to lymph nodes.


ovarian clear cell cystadenocarcinoma

A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of clear and hobnail cells and cystic structures.


prostatic urethra urothelial carcinoma

An urothelial carcinoma that arises from the urothelial lining of the prostatic urethra.


Bartholin gland adenomyoma

A rare, benign neoplasm that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of a fibromuscular stroma and glands lined by mucin-secreting epithelial cells, arranged in a lobular architecture.


thymoma type B3

Also known as well-differentiated thymic carcinoma, atypical thymoma, or epithelial thymoma, this type of thymoma displays morphologic characteristics of a well-differentiated carcinoma. The majority of cases occur in the anterior mediastinum as Masaoka stage II or stage III tumors. It is almost always invasive, it recurs frequently, and metastasizes in approximately 20% of the cases.


intracystic papillary adenoma

A papillary epithelial neoplasm arising in a cystically dilated breast duct.


uterine ligament endometrioid adenocarcinoma

A rare endometrioid adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine ligament. Some of the reported cases were associated with endometriosis.


cutaneous Paget disease

A skin carcinoma that is characterized by infiltration of the skin by neoplastic large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli.


mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A carcinoma morphologically characterized the presence of cuboidal mucous cells, goblet-like mucous cells, squamoid cells, cystic changes, and a fibrotic stromal formation. It can occur in several anatomic sites, including parotid gland, oral cavity, paranasal sinus, skin, breast, lung, larynx, and lacrimal ducts. It is classified as low or high grade.


sebaceous breast carcinoma

A very rare breast adenocarcinoma with sebaceous differentiation.


ethmoid sinus squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the ethmoid sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


lymph node carcinoma

A lymph node cancer that has material basis in abnormally proliferating cells derives from epithelial cells.


rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma

Rapidly involuting congenital hemangiomas (RICH) are a distinctive type of congenital hemangioma that are fully formed in utero and differ from non-involuting congenital haemangiomas (NICH) mainly because they undergo rapid postnatal involution.


fallopian tube papilloma

A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of fibrovascular stalks lined by serous epithelial cells.


vulvar inverted follicular keratosis

Seborrheic keratosis that arises from follicular structures in the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of prominent squamous eddies.


isoflavonoid

Any 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 3. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


isoflavones

Any isoflavonoid with a 3-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (3-aryl-4H-chromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Unresectable Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

Small cell lung carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Double outlet right ventricle with subaortic ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis

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A double outlet right ventricle with a ventricular spetal defect (a hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart), that is considered to be closely related to the aortic origin. There is associated pulmonary stenosis, the abnormal narrowing or constriction of the pulmonary artery, in the main pulmonary artery and/or in the left or right pulmonary artery branches.


46 XX gonadal dysgenesis

46,XX gonadal dysgenesis (46,XX GD) is a primary ovarian defect leading to premature ovarian failure (POF) in otherwise normal 46,XX females as a result of failure of the gonads to develop or due to resistance to gonadotrophin stimulation.


Elevated serum 11-deoxycortisol

Increased concentration of 11-deoxycortisol in the circulation. 11-deoxycorticosterone, which is also known as simply deoxycorticosterone and 21-hydroxyprogesterone, is a steroid hormore that is produces in the adrenals and is a precursor to aldosterone.


Primary hypercortisolism

Hypercortisolemia associated with a primary defect of the adrenal gland leading to overproduction of cortisol.


Secondary hypercortisolism

Hypercortisolemia associated with a overproduction of ACTH (often from a tumor), leading secondarily to overproduction of cortisol.


Pseudoepiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 4th toe

A pseudoepiphysis (an accessory epiphysis that does not significantly contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone) located in the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 isoform 1 (human)

An NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 isoform 1 acetylated 1 (human)

An NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 isoform 1 (human) that is N-terminal Met acetylated. UniProtKB:P15559-1, Met-1, MOD:00058.


dermoid cyst of ovary

A cystic teratoma that arises from the ovary. It presents as a cystic mass that contains sebaceous material admixed with hairs. In a minority of cases it is bilateral.


dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 isoform A (human)

A dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A  dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 10 and 11. It is a metabolite of the drug carbamazepine.


The (10S,11S)-enantiomer of 10,11-trans-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine.


The (10R,11R)-enantiomer of 10,11-trans-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine.


Aplasia of the retina

A developmental defect characterized by absence of the retina.


Optic disc hypoplasia

Underdevelopment of the optic disc, that is of the optic nerve head, where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve.


Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the fovea

Congenital absence or underdevelopment of the fovea centralis.


Optic nerve aplasia

Congenital absence of the optic nerve.


Macular agenesis

A congenital defect characterized by lack of development of the macula.


septooptic dysplasia

Septooptic dysplasia (SOD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by the classical triad of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary hormone abnormalities and midline brain defects.


Hypoplasia of the fovea

Underdevelopment of the fovea centralis.


Aplasia of the fovea

Congenital absence of the fovea.


Macular hypoplasia

Underdevelopment of the macula lutea.


familial isolated hyperparathyroidism

A rare, autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome characterized by hypercalcemia, abnormally high levels of parathyroid hormone, and isolated hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors.