A 3-hydroxy steroid that is (22E)-19,24-dinorcholesta-1,3,5(10),22-tetraene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is isolated from the Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


A 3beta-sterol that is 24-methylidenelophenol in which the methyl group at position 4 has been oxidised to the corresponding hydroxymethyl group.


Ergosterol peroxide

An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.


The 7-oxime of dehydroepiandrosterone, substituted on the oxime oxygen by a carboxymethyl group.


A  3-hydroxy steroid that is 19-norcholesta-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is isolated from Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


A cholestanoid that is cholestanol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 24S.


Leucisterol

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmasta-5,22-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 (the 3beta,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from the whole plants of Leucas urticifolia, it exhibits cholinesterase inhibitory activity.


A 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28).


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 24S and 26.


Tomatidine

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.


Digitoxigenin

A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).


Alfatradiol

An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).


A sterol in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has beta- configuration.


A brassinosteroid that is brassinolide carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 26.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.


Fungisterol

An ergostanoid that is 5alpha-ergost-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.


A 3beta-sterol consisting of an ergostane skeleton with double bonds at positions 8(9) and 22.


A 3beta-sterol having the structure of campestanol with a hydroxy group at the 6alpha-position.


Pennogenin

An oxaspiro compound that is spirost-5-en substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (3beta,25R stereoisomer).


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is androst-5-en-3beta-ol in which the 17beta-hydrogen has been replaced by a 1,3-dihydroxy-3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl group. NCS172285 (also known as acts as NSC12) has been used as an extracellular fibroblast growth factor (FGF) trap with implications in cancer therapy. The stereochemistry shown is that of the most active stereoisomer, as determined by Mattia Anselmi (PhD thesis, University of Parma, 2015).


An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted at position 26 by a hydroxy group.


Halosterol B

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is (3beta)-stigmasta-4,6-diene-3-ol with an additional hydroxy group at position 22 (the 22R stereoisomer). Isolated from the whole plants of Haloxylon recurvum, it exhibits chymotrypsin inhibitory activity.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying an additional hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4alpha.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a methoxy group.


oxysterol

An oxygenated derivative of cholesterol


A  3-hydroxy steroid that is (22E,24R)-24-methyl-19-norcholesta-1,3,5(10),22-tetraene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is isolated from Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is campesterol carrying two hydroxy groups at positions 22R and 23R.


macromolecule

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.


polypeptide

A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.


exopolysaccharide

A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment.


glycosaminoglycan

Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.


polysaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide.


polysaccharide

A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues.


hexa-L-lysine monohydrobromide

A compound comprising six covalently linked L-lysine residues ionically bound to hydrogen bromide.


keratan 6'-sulfate

A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.


biomacromolecule

A macromolecule formed by a living organism.


homopolysaccharide

Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'.


mucopolysaccharide

Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid.


glucan

A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues.


alpha-glucoside

A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in an alpha configuration


anabolic androgenic steroid

A steroid hormone related to the hormone testosterone. It increases protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism), especially in muscles. It also has androgenic and virilizing properties.


An organic bromide salt having (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane as the counterion. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


tungsten cation

A generic term for all the possible tungsten cations (W6+, W4+, etc...)


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole.


O-acyl carbohydrate

A carbohydrate derivative in which the hydrogen atom of at least one alcoholic hydroxy group of a carbohydrate has been replaced by an acyl substituent.


imidazopyridazine

An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of an imidazole ring ortho-fused to a pyridazine ring.


An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has S configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].


A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol with C-22 replaced with an oxygen atom, and additional hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 24.


Tachysterol 3

A hydroxy seco-steroid that results from the photoisomerization of previtamin D3.


A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 24 and 25 (with 1S,24S-configuration).


Calcitroic acid

A hydroxycalciol that is calcidiol in which the pro-S hydrogen of calcidiol is replaced by a hydroxy group and the C-23/C-27 unit is replaced by a carboxy group.


glycosylgalactose derivative

A disaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a glycosylgalactose.


L-Xylopyranose

The pyranose form of L-xylose.


Alpha-L-Xylopyranose

An L-xylopyranose that has alpha- configuration at the anomeric centre.


beta-l-Xylopyranose

A L-xylopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


(-)-Synephrine

The D-enantiomer of synephrine.


2-[[7-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl]thio]propanoic acid ethyl ester


oxygen-17 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 16.999131. The least abundant (0.038 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.


A glycerophosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which an unspecified alk-1-enyl group is located at position sn-1 or sn-3 and an unspecified acyl group is located at position sn-2.


phosphatidylethanolamine P-36:3

A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain 36 carbon atoms in total with 3 additional double bonds.


D-ribose

A ribose in which the chiral carbon atom furthest away from the aldehyde group (C4') has the same configuration as in D-glyceraldehyde.


beta-D-Ribofuranose

A D-ribofuranose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.


rotenoid

Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


monocarboxylic acid amide

A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.


An N-acylethanolamine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of any polyunsaturated fatty acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.


(S)-Modafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. The racemate comprising (S)-modafinil and its enantiomer, armodafinil, is known as modafinil and is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The enantiomers have similar pharmacological actions in animals.


Armodafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.


N-(fatty acyl)-ethanolamine

an N-acyl-ethanolamine where the acyl group is a fatty acyl chain with composition not specified, major species at pH 7.3.


Massadine

An alkaloid isolated from Stylissa massa.


A monocarboxylic acid amide that is acetamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 2 and a 3-oxo-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.


An analogue of sunitinib in which the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide group is replaced by 3-aminopropyl.


fatty amide

A monocarboxylic acid amide derived from a fatty acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole.


(R)-(+)-Atenolol

The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.


A L-serine derivative obtained by formal condensation between N-butyl-L-serinamide and 2-thienylacetic acid.


N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine

Any N-acylethanolamine in which the acyl group has a chain length of C12 or greater.


The (R)-enantiomer of S(6)-acetyldihydrolipoamide.


N-acylethanolamine 20:4

A N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine.


N-acylethanolamine 18:0

A N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and is fully saturated.


S-substituted dihydrolipoamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of dihydrolipoamide carrying substituents on at least one of the sulfanyl groups.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


primary fatty amide

A primary carboxamide RC(=O)NH2 resultng from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a fatty acid with ammonia.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


Dacarbazine

A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.


A cysteine derivative obtained by formal condensation between N-butyl-L-cysteinamide and 2-thienylacetic acid.


N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine

Any N-acylethanolamine in which the acyl group is derived from a saturated fatty acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isopentyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


arenecarboxamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an arene ring system.


Esatenolol

The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.


pentitol derivative

An alditol derivative that is formally obtained from a pentitol.


Cob(II)alamin

A cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide that is cobalamin with the oxidation state of the central cobalt atom unspecified.


A 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has R-configuration.


D-Galactose

A galactopyranose having D-configuration.


primary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.


Clobenpropit dihydrobromide

A hydrobromide salt obtained by reaction of clobenpropit with two equivalents of hydrobromic acid. An extremely potent histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist (pA2 = 9.93). Also displays partial agonist activity at H4 receptors; induces eosinophil shape change with an EC50 of 3 nM.


monohydroxyquinoline

A hydroxyquinoline carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


A quinoline having the keto group at the 4-position and an additional hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.


maltooligosaccharide

A glucooligosaccharide derived from glucose monomers linked via alpha-D-1,4 bonds as in maltose.  The term is commonly applied to the series of linear oligosaccharides composed of two, three, four, five and six such units of glucose.


maltotriose trisaccharide

A trisaccharide comprised of three D-glucose residues connected by alpha(1->4) linkages.


primary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.


Aminoethyl nitrate

A nitrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanolamine with the hydroxy group of nitric acid. It causes vasodilation by generating nitric oxide and is used for the treatment of angina pectoris and ischemic heart disease.


N-(aminomethyl)acetamide

An acetamide obtained by acetylation of one of the amino groups of any alkane-alpha,omega-diamine. AcNHCH2(CH2)nCH2NH2, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.


A 17-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 17 has a beta-configuration.


Ethylestrenol

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3.


Tibolone

Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.


3alpha-Androstanediol glucuronide

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3. It is a biochemical marker of peripheral tissue androgen metabolism.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3.


catechols

Any compound containing an o-diphenol component.


A phenylpropanoid that is cinnamyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 on the benzene ring are replaced by hydroxy groups while that at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group.


methylcatechol

Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.


D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine

Sphingosine substituted at the 1-hydroxy group by a D-glucosyl group and at the 2-amino group by an acyl group.


beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine

A D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the glucosyl head group has beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


N-(very-long-chain fatty acyl)-sphingoid base

A ceramide where the acyl chain chain length is greater than C22 and the sphingoid base is undefined


N-tetracosenoyl-sphingoid base

A ceramide having a tetracosenoyl fatty chain where the double bond position is not defined, and also the sphingoid base is undefined.


A dihydroceramide in which the acyl moiety contains 24 carbons and 1 double bond.


tertiary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.


The (S)-enantiomer of bromazine.


glycerophosphoethanolamine zwitterion

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of any glycerophosphoethanolamine.


A lysophosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 14 carbons and 0 double bonds.


phosphatidylethanolamine 28:2

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 28 carbons in total with 2 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 32 carbons in total with 1 double bond.


phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion

The zwitterion of a phosphatidylethanolamine compound formed by proton transfer from the phosphate to the primary amino group.


An optically active phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion having R-configuration


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 42 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.


A monoacylglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion having an unspecified ester linked acyl substituent at the sn-1 or sn-3 position of the glycerol fragment.


phosphatidylethanolamine 32:3

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 32 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 42 carbons in total with 5 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 38 carbons in total with 5 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 36 carbons in total with 1 double bond.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 42 carbons in total with 6 double bonds.


A glycerophosphoethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of any monoacylglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3.


lysophosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of any lysophosphatidylethanolamine. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 40 carbons in total with 6 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 40 carbons in total with 8 double bonds.


A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the amino to the phosphate group of a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 34 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl group at position 1 is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl) while that at position 2 is unspecified.


phosphatidylethanolamine 30:2

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 30 carbons in total with 2 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 38 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.


monocyclic olefin

A monocyclic hydrocarbon having any number of double bonds.


cycloalkadiene

An unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbon having two endocyclic double bonds.


cycloalkene

An unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbon having at least one endocyclic double bond.


6-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


Ageladine A

An imidazopyridine that is 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-amine substituted by a 4,5-dibromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl group at position 4. It is an alkaloid isolated from a marine sponge Agelas nakamurai and acts as an inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinases, the key enzymes involved in tumour growth, migration, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis.


1-[3-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-pyrrolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


Neopentyl glycosyl pyrrole

A pyrrole having neopentyl-, formyl- and 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl groups at positions 1-, 2- and 3- respectively.


4-Hydroxybenzoic acid [2-[1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-pyrrolyl]-2-oxoethyl] ester


2-Methyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


Semaxanib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.


Marineosin A

A macrocycle isolated from a marine sediment-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. It exhibits cytotoxicity against colon tumour cell lines.


Marineosin B

A macrocycle isolated from a marine sediment-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. A stereoisomer of marineosin A, it exhibits cytotoxicity against colon tumour cell lines.


Intermediate in the biosynthesis of pyrroindomycin antibiotics. Major species at pH 7.3.


5-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


N-[[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-pyrrolyl]methylideneamino]carbamic acid methyl ester


tetramic acids

Compounds containing a tetramic acid (pyrrolidine-2,4-dione) ring system.


A gamma-lactam that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. Despite its simple structure, it was not synthesised until 1972; earlier attempts were later shown to have resulted only in the formation of the isomer 5-imino-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-ol.


A member of the class of tetramic acids that is trichosetin in which the hydrogen attached to the lactam nitrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. It is produced by the filamentous fungus Fusarium heterosporum.


An azaspiro compound that is spirotetramat in which the carbonate ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticicde spirotetramat.


N-hydroxypyrrole

Any pyrrole bearing a N-hydroxy substituent.


3-(3-Formyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolyl)-4-methylbenzoic acid methyl ester


Trichosetin

A member of the class of octahydronaphthalenes that is (2R,4aS,5R,6R,8aS)-2,5-dimethyl-6-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalene in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a (Z)-hydroxy[(5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dioxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene]methyl group. Produced by the dual culture of Trichoderma harzianum and Catharanthus roseus callus, it exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.


volatile organic compound

Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.


decanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.


dodecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.


A secondary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 (the 2S-stereoisomer).


pentanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of five carbon atoms.


heptanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.


tridecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of thirteen carbon atoms.


octanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eight carbon atoms.


A member of the class of thiophenes that is thiophene in which the hydrogen atom at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.


hexanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.


nonanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of nine carbon atoms.


tetradecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of fourteen carbon atoms.


undecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eleven carbon atoms.


Fenfluramine

A  secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.


A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.


Pyrrolidinium, 3-(((2S)-cyclopentylhydroxyphenylacetyl)oxy)-1,1-dimethyl-, bromide, (3R)-

A glycopyrronium bromide that has (2S,3R)-configuration. The racemate, ritropirronium bromide, is used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


Rocuronium bromide

The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.


Aclidinium bromide

A quaternary ammonium salt that is the bromide salt of aclidinium. A muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptor antagonist, for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


Tetramethylammonium bromide

The bromide salt of tetramethylammonium.


Glycopyrrolate

A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and  bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.


METHSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE

A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.


Tetrabutylammonium bromide

A tetrabutylammonium salt with bromide as the anionic counterpart.


Propyromazine bromide

An organic bromide salt of propyromazine. It is a muscarinic antagonist which has antispasmodic potential.


Tetrapropylammonium bromide

A quarternary ammonium bromide salt in which the cation has four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.


Benzyldodecyldimethylammonium bromide

The organic bromide salt of benzododecinium. It is a cationic surfactant that has antispetic and disinfectant properties.


Tiquizium bromide

A organic bromide salt of tiquizium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of convulsion and hypermobility in gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, gallbladder disease, biliary tract disease and urolithiasis.


n-Octyltrimethylammonium bromide

A quarternary ammonium salt whose basic unit comprises an octyltrimethylammonium cation and a bromide anion.


BUTYLSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE

An organic bromide salt of butylscopolamine. It is an antispasmodic drug which can relieve painful stomach cramps (including those linked with irritable bowel syndrome), bladder and menstrual cramps.


Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide

A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.


FM 4-64 dye

A quaternary ammonium salt A liphophilic dye consisting of a dication that is N,N-dibutyl-4-[6-(pyridin-4-yl)hexa-1,3,5-trien-1-yl]aniline in which the nitrogen of the pyridine moiety is substituted by a 3-(triethylammonio)propyl group and two bromide ions. It is used to selectively stain yeast vacuolar membranes with red fluorescence.


Cetrimonium Bromide

The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.


Decyltrimethylammonium bromide

A quarternary ammonium salt whose basic unit comprises a decyltrimethylammonium cation and a bromide anion.


clidinium bromide

The bromide salt of clinidium. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.


Acetylcholine bromide

The bromide salt of acetylcholine.


Vecuronium bromide

The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.


A quaternary ammonium salt that is the dibromide salt of 1,1'-hexadecane-1,16-diylbis(1-methylpyrrolidinium).


umeclidinium bromide

A quaternary ammonium salt that is the bromide salt of umeclidinium. Used in combination with vilanterol for long-term maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


erythro-Glycopyrronium bromide

A glycopyrronium bromide that has (2R,3S)-configuration. The racemate, ritropirronium bromide, is used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


BUTROPIUM BROMIDE

An organic bromide salt of butropium. It is a drug which suppresses spasm of smooth muscles of internal organs, inhibits gastric acid secretion and relieves abdominal pain. It is used in the treatment of spasmodic pains associated with gastritis, gastric ulcers and cholelithiasis.


monomethoxybenzene

Compounds containing a benzene skeleton substituted with one methoxy group.


guaiacols

Any phenol carrying an additional methoxy substituent at the ortho-position.


A 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid that has R-configuration at position 6.


SKF 83959 hydrobromide

A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.


steroid saponin

Any saponin derived from a hydroxysteroid.


A steroid saponin that is (3beta,16beta,20R)-3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and Galtonia candicans, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


A sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside that is 16,23-epoxycholest-24-ene-3,22-diol substituted by a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage (the 3beta,5beta,16beta,22R,23S stereoisomer). Isolated from bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, it exhibits inhibitory activity on proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes.


Mannioside A

A steroid saponin that consists of pennogenin attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycoidic linkage. Isolated from Dracaena mannii, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


Yuccalan

A spirostanyl glycoside that is (3beta,5alpha,6alpha,25S)-spirostan-3,6,27-triol attached to a 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Yucca smalliana, it exhibits antifungal activity.


leucospiroside A

A spirostanyl glycoside that is agigenin attached to a pentasaccharide unit via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the flowers of Allium leucanthum, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


butanediol

A member of the class of butanediols that is butane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.


butanediols

A diol that is a butanediol or a derivative of a butanediol.


A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.


bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid

A type of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid whose structures are built up of two benzylisoquinoline units linked by ether bridges. Various structural patterns resulting from additional bridging between the two units by direct carbon-carbon bridging or by methylenedioxy groups are common.


extended flavonoid

Any flavonoid with one or more rings fused on to the phenyl substituted benzopyran  framework.


Any aminopurine that has amino substituents at positions 2 and 6, and their substituted derivatives.


A 2,6-diaminopurine that is an analogue of abacavir in which the cyclopropylamino group at position 6 of the purine moiety is replaced by a 3-cyclopropyl-3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl group. One of a series of synthesised abacavir analogues with antiviral activity found to stimulate IFN-gamma secretion in abacavir-responsive clones.


polyatomic anion

An anion consisting of more than one atom.


Azide ion

Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.


oxoanion

An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.


Nitrite

The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitrous acid.


nitronaphthalene

A nitroarene that is  naphthalene substituted by at least one nitro group.


thiochromane

Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a thiopyran.


dibenzopyran

Any organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring fused with two benzene rings.


benzimidazole fungicide

Compounds that contain a benzimidazole moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


naphthalenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound having a skeleton composed of two ortho-fused benzene rings.


adamantanes

Compounds containing an adamantane skeleton.


A hydroxylamine that is N-hydroxyquinolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a (1E)-non-1-en-1-yl group. It is the most active agent produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates the growth and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus; the corresponding Z isomer is inactive.


naphthalenediols

Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has two hydroxy substituents.


hydroxyflavan

A member of the class of flavans in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.


alpha, beta, beta 20R 24S-METHYLCHOLESTANE


isoquinolines

A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives.


androstanoid

Any steroid based on an  androstane skeleton and its derivatives.


folic acids

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


pyrrolidinopiperidine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused pyrrolidine and piperidine rings.


Indoles

Any compound containing an indole skeleton.


cholestanoic acid

Any steroid acid based on a cholestane skeleton.


benzodioxine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused benzene and dioxine rings.


17alpha-hydroxy steroid

The alpha-stereoisomer of 17-hydroxy steroid.


dihydrofolic acids

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 7,8-dihydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


phenanthrenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


A steroid compound with a structure based on a 19-carbon (androstane) skeleton.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.


A steroid that has a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure.


Any C21-steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 21.


Levonebivolol

A 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] that has (1S,1'S,2R,2'S)-configuration.


Any aminopurine having the amino substituent at the 2-position.


4-hydroxy steroid

Any steroid bearing a 4-hydroxy substituent.


1-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid having a hydroxy group located at position 1.


anthracenes

Compounds containing an anthracene skeleton.


uric acid

An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.


R-epinastine

An epinastine that has R configuration at the chiral centre.


spiroketal

A cyclic ketal in which the ketal carbon is the only common atom of two rings.


benzisoxazole

Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.


ortho-fused heteroarene

An ortho-fused compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one heteroatom.


naphthohydroquinone

A hydroxynaphthalene that is naphthalene-1,4-diol and its C-substituted derivatives.


A menaquinol having a side chain composed of nine isoprenoid units.


alkyloxynaphthalene

Naphthalenes in which one or more alkyloxy groups are bonded to a naphthalene ring system.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of eleven isoprenoid units.


5beta steroid

Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5.


Any C21-steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 17alpha-position. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure.


Digoxigenin 3,12-diacetate

A steroid ester that is the 3,12-diacetyl derivative of digoxigenin.


phthalimides

A dicarboximide that is phthalimide or derivatives obtained from it by the formal replacement of one or more hydrogens.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of seven isoprenoid units.


benzoxazole

Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.


S-epinastine

An epinastine that has S configuration at the chiral centre.


2-hydroxy steroid

Any  hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.


6-Pyruvoyl tetrahydropteridine

A dyspropterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.


N-acylindole

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the nitrogen of an indole.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of six isoprenoid units.


steroid hormone

Any steroid that acts as hormone.


fluorinated steroid

A steroid which is substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 11beta-hydroxy substituent.


hydroxycoumarin

Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.


corticosteroid

A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.


cholestanoid

Any steroid based on a cholestane skeleton and its derivatives.


Gitoxigenin 3-acetate

A steroid ester that is the 3-acetyl derivative of gitoxigenin.


7alpha-hydroxy steroid

A 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has an alpha-configuration.


Any compound having 6-aminopurine (adenine) as part of its structure.


1,8-naphthyridine derivative

Any naphthyridine derivative that is a derivative of 1,8-naphthyridine.


pterocarpans

Members of the class of benzofurochromene with a 6a,11a-dihydro-6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. They generally bear structural resemblance to isoflavanoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. They are the 3,4-dihydroderivatives of coumestans.


epoxy steroid

Any steroid whose structure includes an epoxy group.


Tetramisole

An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.


aza-steroid

An aza-steroid is a steroid where in the carbon skeleton a carbon atom is replaced by nitrogen.


hydroxynaphthalene

Any member of the class of  naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.


coumestans

Members of the class of benzofurochromene with a 6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. They are the 3,4-didehydroderivatives of pterocarpans.


tetracyclic antidepressant

An antidepressant whose molecular structure consists of four ring-like structures in a T-shape.


ortho-fused compound

A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms.


pyridopyrimidine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a pyridine ring ortho-fused at any position to a pyrimidine ring.


A fluorescent dye having an absorption wavelength of 580 nm and an emission wavelength of 601 nm, derived from a xanthene-based heteroheptacycle.


Flavan

The simplest member of the class of flavans that is chromane substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.


homoflavonoid

Any organic heteropolycyclic compound characterized by addition of an extra carbon atom to the C6-C3-C6 backbone of the flavonoid skeleton. They are commonly found in the genus Ophioglossum.


steroid

Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene.


spiro compound

A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.


A 16-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 16 has a beta-configuration.


8-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid having a hydroxy group located at position 8.


14beta-hydroxy steroid

A 14-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group has a beta-configuration.


7-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7.


benzimidazoles

An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.


benzazepine

A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to an azepine ring.


The (S)-enantiomer of dyphylline.


stigmastane derivative

Any steroid (or derivative) based on a stigmastane skeleton.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of ten isoprenoid units.


flavonoid oligomer

A phenylpropanoid obtained by the coupling of two or more units of aryl-substituted benzopyran units and their substituted derivatives.


Racemethorphan

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and a methyl group at position 11.


benzodiazepine

A group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


naphthalenediol

A class of naphthalenediols that consists solely of naphthelene with any two of its hydrogens replaced by hydroxy groups. A 'closed class'.


hexahydronaphthalenes

Any carbobycyclic compound that is an hexahydronaphthalene or a compound obtained from an hexahydronaphthalene by formal substitution of one or more hydrogens.


azaspiro compound

An azaspiro compound is a spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is a nitrogen heterocyle.


9-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid having a hydroxy group located at position 9.


pyrimidopyrimidine

An organic heterobicyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of two pyrimidine rings that are ortho-fused to each other at any position.


naphthyridine derivative

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound that is a derivative of a naphthyridine.


cinnolines

Any  organic heteropolycyclic compound based on the 1,2-diaza analogue of naphthalene and its substituted derivatives.


Leucovorin

A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.


2alpha-hydroxy steroid

A 2-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has an alpha-configuration.


Any dihydroxypteridine in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 2 and 4.


26-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid in which a hydroxy group is located at position 26.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.


biflavonoid

A flavonoid oligomer that is obtained by the oxidative coupling of at least two units of aryl-substituted benzopyran rings or its substituted derivatives, resulting in the two ring systems being joined together by a single atom or bond.


A tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamic acid) macromolecule in which the glutamic acid residues all have L-configuration.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of thirteen isoprenoid units.


Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of eight isoprenoid units.


purine nucleobase

A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from purine.


tetrahydrofolic acid

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


Pterin H B2

A pterin derivative that consists of pterin bearing amino, oxo and 1,2-dihydroxypropyl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 respectively. The parent of the class of biopterins; the L-erythro isomer occurs widely in nature.


aminocoumarin

Any coumarin carrying at least one amino substituent.


oxaspiro compound

A spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is an oxygen heterocyle.


thienopyridine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton results from the formal ortho-fusion of any bond of a pyridine with any bond of a thiophene.


A 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has beta-configuration.


16beta-Estradiol-3-methyl ether

A 16beta-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-16beta-ol substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.


aminopurine

Any purine having at least one amino substituent.


carbobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon.


penams

Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified.


steroid acid

Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of twelve isoprenoid units.


furofuran

Organic heterobicyclic compounds containing a two furan rings ortho-fused to each other.


An indan-1-ol in which the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has S configuration.


oxa-steroid

A steroid where in the carbon skeleton a carbon atom is replaced by oxygen.


A cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol with a (1S,2R)-configuration.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of four isoprenoid units.


dimethylnaphthalene

Any member of the class of  naphthalenes carrying two methyl groups at unspecified positions.


carbotricyclic compound

A carbopolyclic compound comprising of three carbocyclic rings.


carbacephem

Any member of a group of synthetic antibiotics, similar to cephems but with carbon substituted for the sulfur; all possessing an acylated amine functionality at C-6 and (S,R) stereochemistry at C-6 and C-7.


Delta(14) steroid

Any steroid that contains a double bond between positions 14 and 15.


A 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid that has S-configuration at position 6.


chromones

A chromenone that consists of a 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


dihydronaphthalenes

Any carbobycyclic compound that is a dihydronaphthalene or a compound obtained from a dihydronaphthalene by formal substitution of one or more hydrogens.


carbopolycyclic compound

A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.


bridged compound

A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two or more atoms in common.


polycyclic arene

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


11beta-hydroxy steroid

Any 11-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has beta- configuration.


chromenochromene

Any organic heteroolycyclic compound whose skeleton two ortho-fused chromene rings, and their derivatives.


tetrahydrochromenochromene

Any chromenochromene resulting from the formal cis-fusion of two dihydro chromene rings, together with their substituted derivatives.


The cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol with a (1R,2S)-configuration.


Dexnebivolol

A 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] that has (1R,1'R,2R,2'S)-configuration.


flavans

Any flavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


methoxynaphthalene

Any alkyloxynaphthalene bearing one or more methoxy substituents.


C21-steroid hormone

A steroid compound with a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton that acts as a hormone.


neoflavonoid

Any 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 4. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


ecdysteroid

A class of steroids that include insect moulting and sex hormones.


17-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 17.


Any member of the class of coumarins that contains a 7-amino-2H-chromen-2-one skeleton.


benzofurochromene

An organic heteropolycyclic compound whose skeleton consists of a chromene ring fused onto a 1-benzofuran ring, together with their substituted derivatives.


heteropolycyclic compound

A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.


methylindole

Any member of the class of indoles carrying one or more methyl substituents.


methyladenine

Any member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine bearing a single methyl substituent.


xanthene dye

A dye derived by condensation of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol (and derivatives) or m-aminophenol (and derivatives).


purines

A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives.


(R)-dyphylline

The (R)-enantiomer of dyphylline.


Any member of the class of pteridines in which the the pteridine ring has been reduced by the formal addition of one molecule of hydrogen to positions 6 and 7.


Oxazolidinone derivative

Any member of the class of indolones whose structure is based on an oxindole (2-indolone) skeleton.


20-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid that in which the steroid skeleton contains a hydroxy substituent at position 20.


imidazotetrazine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused imidazole and tetrazine rings.


Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


benzofuran antifungal drug

Any member of the class of benzofurans which has been used as an antifungal drug.


Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the O atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


6beta-hydroxy steroid

Any 6-hydroxy steroid in which the 6-hydroxy substituent has beta-configuration.


16-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 16.


tetralins

Compounds containing a tetralin skeleton.


cephalosporin

A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring.  Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy.


A benzothiazole consisting of a benzene ring fused to an isothiazole.


N-[3-carbamoyl-5-[diethylamino(oxo)methyl]-4-methyl-2-thiophenyl]carbamic acid methyl ester


anthracycline antibiotic

An organic compound that has a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine and which exhibits antibiotic activity.


aspartic acid derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of aspartic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of aspartic acid by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing aspartic acid residues.


D-aspartic acid derivative

A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from the formal reaction of D-aspartic acid at the amino group or either carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-aspartic acid by a heteroatom.


L-aspartic acid derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-aspartic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-aspartic acid by a heteroatom.


A melanin pigment produced by certain fungi. It plays important roles in UV protection, oxidative stress and pathogenesis. In Aspergillus fumigatus, it is used as a virulence factor and plays an important role in the survival of the fungus during unfavorable conditions both in vivo and in vitro, and protects it from the host immune system. The pigment is generally synthesised from the pentaketide pathway in which 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene is the immediate precursor which is polymerized to 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin by a laccase enzyme.


dehydroamino acid

An amino acid derivative that is an amino acid whose side-chain has undergone formal dehydrogenation.


2,3-dehydroamino acid

A dehydroamino acid whose side-chain contains a double bond at the 2-3 position.


organic heterocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.


delta-lactam

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a six-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.


Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86


aminoquinoline

Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups.


uranidine

A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, and 8. It is isolated from the sponge Aplysina aerophoba.


bipyridines

Compounds containing a bipyridine group.


quinolines

A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.


5-Amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-4-oxo-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester


A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4.


biphenylyltetrazole

A member of the class of biphenyls that consists of a biphenyl ring system substituted by a tetrazole ring at an unspecified position.


An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.


A member of the class of  2,2'-bithiophenes that is 2,2'-bithiophene substituted by a 3-buten-1-ynyl group at position 5.


A {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol that has S configuration.


An N-glycosyl compound that consists of any triazole having a glycosyl residue attached at position 1.


metalloprotoporphyrin

A metal--protoporphyrin coordination complex.


arene epoxide

Any epoxide formally derived from an arene by the 1,2 addition of an oxygen atom to a double bond.


polypyrrole

A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units.


coproporphyrin

A member of the class of porphyrins obtained during the heme biosynthesis in humans.


morphinane-like compound

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the  morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects.


tetrapyrrole

A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


beta-lactam antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring.


azole

Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.


fluoroquinolone antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic containing a quinolone (or quinolone-like) moiety and which have a fluorine atom attached to the central ring system.


Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86


(S)-Bendroflumethiazide

The (S)-enantiomer of bendroflumethiazide.


nucleobase-containing molecular entity

Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part.


A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


aminoimidazole

Any member of the class of  imidazoles carrying at least one amino substituent.


Penigequinolone B

Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86


triazole antifungal drug

Any triazole antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


corrinoid

A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions.


porphyrins

Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure.


5-Nitro-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-oxo-2-[(phenylmethyl)amino]ethyl] ester


tetrazoles

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains four N atoms and one C atom.


porphyrinogens

Hexahydroporphyrins in which the nitrogen atoms and four meso positions are saturated.


1,3-thiazolium cation

An organic cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1,3-thiazole.


nucleobase

That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing.


5-[(Cyclohexylamino)-oxomethyl]-4-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


5-Nitro-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-oxo-2-[[oxo-[(phenylmethyl)amino]methyl]amino]ethyl] ester


oxazole

An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.


triazole antifungal agent

A member of the class of triazole that has significant antifungal properties.


(S)-Bifonazole

A 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole that is the S-enantiomer of bifonazole.


crown compound

A macrocyclic polydentate compound, usually uncharged, in which three or more coordinating ring atoms are or may become suitably close for easy formation of chelate complexes with metal ions or other cationic species.


(R)-Bendroflumethiazide

The (R)-enantiomer of bendroflumethiazide.


4,5-Dimethyl-2-[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


beta-lactam

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


cyclic acetal

An acetal in the molecule of which the acetal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring.


biladienes

Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton.


epoxide

Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.


A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2.


quinolone antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.


(1R,2S)-Naphthalene 1,2-oxide

A naphthalene 1,2-oxide (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer).


imidazole antifungal drug

Any imidazole antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


thiazide

Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.


N-[1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-thieno[2,3-c]pyrazolyl]carbamic acid 2,2-dimethylpropyl ester


Batimastat

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.


heteroarene

A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).


A  ring assembly that consists of two thiophene rings connected by a single covalent bond.


A quinolone that is quinolin-2(1H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 4.


lactam

Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


dimethenamide ESA

An organosulfonic acid that is 2-oxoethanesulfonic acid substituted by a (2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)amino group at position 2.


cyclic ether

Any ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a ring.


imidazole antifungal agent

A compound that has significant antifungal properties whose structure contains an imidazole moiety.


An L-alanine derivative obtained by formal condensation between N-butyl-L-alaninamide and 2-thienylacetic acid.


Canagliflozin

A C-glycosyl compound that is used (in its hemihydrate form) for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.


5-Nitro-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-oxo-2-(1-phenylethylamino)ethyl] ester


conazole antifungal drug

Any conazole antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in animals or humans.


organonitrogen heterocyclic compound

Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.


A member of the class of quinolones that is 2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a 4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]phenyl group. A potent inhibitor of Toxoplasma gondii growth.


conazole antifungal agent

A compound that has a structure that is related to miconazole, contains an azole (imidazole or triazole) moiety, and has significant systemic antifungal properties.  They inhibit cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes (particularly C14-demethylase) involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, which is required for fungal cell membrane structure and function.


A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thione and its derivatives by substitution.


cyclic ketal

A ketal in the molecule of which the ketal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring.


5-Nitro-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [1-[(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridinyl)amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl] ester


imidazoles

A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


tetrahydropyrimidine

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound containing a pyrimidine ring that has been reduced by the formal addition of 2 mol eq. of hydrogen.


beta-lactam antibiotic allergen

Any beta-lactam antibiotic which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.


oxacycle

Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.


benzothiadiazine

Heterocyclic compound of a ring with sulfur and two nitrogen atoms fused to a benzene ring. Members inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride symporters and are used as diuretics.


2-[[1-oxo-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthio)ethyl]amino]-4-thiophen-2-yl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


Any tetrahydropyrimidine in which the double bond is between positions 1 and 2.


A heteroaryl hydroxy compound that is 2-quinolone substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group.


diazole

An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring.


(R)-oxamniquine

A {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol that has R configuration.


crown amine

Crown compounds containing only nitrogen as coordinating atom.


gamma-lactam

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a five-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


A thiophene derivative that consists of two thiophene rings connected by a 2,2'-linkage.


bismuth ion

A bismuth atom having a net electric charge.


bismuth cation

A bismuth ion having a positive net electric charge.


Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent.


glutamine derivative

A glutamic acid derivative resulting from reaction of glutamine acid at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the side-chain carboxamide, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing glutamine residues.


L-glutamine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-glutamine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the carboxamide, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-glutamine by a heteroatom.


ribofuranose

A cyclic ribose having a 5-membered tetrahydrofuran ring; the predominant (C3'-endo) form of the two cyclic structures (the other is the "C2'-endo" form, having a 6-membered ring) adopted by ribose in aqueous solution.


hydracid

A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


L-Glucitol

The L-enantiomer of glucitol.


A glucitol that is D-glucitol in which the carbon at position 1 is the (13)C isotope.


ketoxime

Oximes of ketones R2C=NOH (where R =/= H).


A cyanohydrin that is obtained by the formal addition of hydrogen cyanide to the aldehyde group of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.


mixture

A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.


poly(L-lysine) polymer

A poly(lysine) polymer, composed of poly(L-lysine) macromolecules.


poly(D-lysine) polymer

A poly(lysine) polymer, composed of poly(D-lysine) macromolecules.


racemate

A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers.


polymer

A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc..


poly(amide) polymer

A polymer, composed of poly(amide) macromolecules.


diastereoisomeric mixture

A mixture composed of two or more diastereoisomers (stereoisomers not related as mirror images).


Sepantronium bromide

An organic bromide salt consisting of sepantronium cations and bromide anions. It has been found to selectively inhibit survivin (BIRC5) gene promoter activity and to down-regulate survivin in vitro, so leading to induction of apoptosis.


difluorobenzene

Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring carrying two fluorine atoms.


Homidium bromide

The organic bromide salt of ethidium.


hydroxamic acid

A compound, RkE(=O)lNHOH, derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH) (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH with -NHOH, and derivatives thereof. Specific examples of hydroxamic acids are preferably named as N-hydroxy amides.


acetohydroxamic acids

Any hydroxamic acid in which the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


tripeptide

Any oligopeptide that consists of three amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


Beta-D-Xylofuranose

A D-xylose that is the furanose form of xylose which has beta- configuration at the anomeric centre.


disaccharide

A compound in which two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond.


hexopyranosyl hexopyranoside

A disaccharide formed by a (1<->1)-glycosidic bond between two hexopyranose units.


glycosylmannose

A disaccharide having mannose at the reducing end with a glycosyl residue attached at an unspecified position via a glycosidic bond.


glycosyl glycoside

Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres.


D-glucosyl-D-mannose

A glycosylmannose with both components having D-configuration.


Glucosyl ether

A disaccharide formed by a (1<->1)-glycosidic bond between two units of D-glucose.


N-carbamoyl-L-amino acid

A N-carbamoyl-amino acid in which the amino acid has a L-configuration.


lysine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of lysine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of lysine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing lysine residues.


L-lysine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-lysine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-lysine by a heteroatom.


azamacrocycle

A cyclic macromolecule containing one or more nitrogen atoms in place of carbon either as the divalent group NH for the group CH2 or a single trivalent nitrogen atom for the group CH.


A dihydroceramide in which the acyl moiety contains 26 carbons and 1 double bond.


L-glyceraldehyde

The L-enantiomer of glyceraldehyde.


anhydrohexose

Any anhydro sugar formally arising by elimination of water from two hydroxy groups of a single molecule of a hexose or hexose derivative.


long-chain fatty alcohol

A fatty alcohol with a chain length ranging from C13-C23.


fatty alcohol 18:0

Any fatty alcohol containing 18 carbons.


fatty alcohol 20:0

Any fatty alcohol containing 20 carbons.


fatty alcohol 14:0

Any fatty alcohol containing 14 carbons.


fatty alcohol 16:0

Any fatty alcohol containing 16 carbons.


Beryllium fluoride

The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.


organofluorine compound

An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.


inorganic fluoride salt

A fluoride salt that lacks C-H bonds


Sodium Fluoride

A metal fluoride salt with a Na(+) counterion.


monofluorobenzenes

Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring carrying a single fluorine substitutent.


(R)-Fluoxetine

An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has R configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].


trifluorobenzene

Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes carrying three fluorine substituents at unspecified positions.


fluorobiphenyl

Any member of the class of  biphenyls that is a mono or poly-substituted biphenyl having fluro group as one of the substituents.


(trifluoromethyl)benzenes

An organofluorine compound that is (trifluoromethyl)benzene and derivatives arising from substitution of one or more of the phenyl hydrogens.


organic fluoride salt

A fluoride salt with C-H bonds


perfluorinated compound

An organofluorine compound containing only C-F bonds (no C-H bonds) and C-C bonds but also other heteroatoms (particularly other halogens, oxygen, and sulfur). Their properties represent a blend of fluorocarbons (containing only C-F and C-C bonds) and the parent functionalised organic species.


oxygen-18 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance.


heteroatomic molecular entity

A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.


aromatic primary alcohol

Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


organic fundamental parent

An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.


organic oxide

An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom.


dihydroxyflavone

Any hydroxyflavone in which two ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy substituents.


pentahydroxyflavone

A hydroxyflavone substituted by five hydroxy groups.


trihydroxyflavone

Any  hydroxyflavone carrying three hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


aliphatic alcohol

An  alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound.


Dodecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide

An organic bromide salt that containing equal numbers of dodecyl(triphenyl)phosphonium cations and bromide anions.


Propylene Glycol

The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.


imidic acid

Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH).


ipratropium bromide

The anhydrous form of the bromide salt of ipratropium. An anticholinergic drug, ipratropium bromide blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. This opens the bronchi, so providing relief in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthma.


sulfates

Salts and esters of sulfuric acid


Nonoxinol

A poly(ethylene glycol) derivative that is poly(ethylene glycol) in which one of the terminal hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding p-nonylphenyl ether.


bromoalkane

Any haloalkane that consists of an alkane substituted by at least one bromine atom.


6-Bromoharmine hydrobromide

A hydrobromide salt prepared from 6-bromoharmine and 1 equivalent of hydrogen bromide. It is semisynthetic derivative of harmine and has been shown to exhibit significant anti-HIV activity.


A hydrobromide resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of  1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile and hydrogen bromide.


secondary fatty alcohol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a chain of 3 to greater than 27 carbon atoms in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom different from the terminal carbons. Secondary fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched.


vinylarene

A vinyl-substituted arene.


alcohol

A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.


glycosylglycerol

A glycoside resulting from the condensation of one of the hydroxy groups of glycerol with a glycosyl group.


sulfoglycolipid

A sulfate ester of a glycolipid.


ketone hydrate

A 1,1-diol resulting from the formal addition of water to the carbonyl group of a ketone.


ethanols

Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton.


acyclic olefin

Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bond.


Dodeclonium Bromide

The organic bromide salt of dodeclonium. It is an antispetic drug and an ingredient found in creams such as Phlebocreme and Sedorrhoide which are recommended for use in some painful anal pathologies (hemorrhoidal crisis).


Diallylnortoxiferine dibromide

The organic bromide salt of alcuronium.


haloethene

A compound derived from ethene by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.


methyl halides

A haloalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a halide atom.


Fenoterol hydrobromide

The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.


azane

Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.


diarylheptanoid

A family of plant metabolites with a common 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, carrying various substituents. They are mainly distributed in the roots, rhizomes and bark of Alpinia, Zingiber, Curcuma and Alnus species.


A primary alcohol, being cinnamyl alcohol hydroxylated at C-4 and methoxylated at C-3 and -5.


primary fatty alcohol

Any fatty alcohol in which the hydroxy group is attached to a methylene (CH2) group.


Ubiquinol

A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.


phenols

Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.


The (R)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanol.


A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is hexaprenyl.


Alkenes

An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n. Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having more than one double bond are alkadienes, alkatrienes, etc.


tyramines

Aralkylamino compounds which contain a tyramine skeleton.


dodecene

An alkene that is dodecane containing one double bond at unspecified position.


organobromine compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-bromine bond.


Nitrous acid;phenol

Any member of the class of  phenols or substituted phenols carrying  at least 1 nitro group.


Ethylene Glycol

A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.


diol

A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols.


amino alcohol

An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.


phenolic donor

Any phenol that acts as an electron donor.


halide

Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements.


The ubiquinol corresponding to ubiquinone-0.


A dinitroglycerol that is glycerol in which both of the primary hydroxy groups have been converted to the corresponding nitrate estes.


alkylbenzene

A  monocyclic arene that is benzene substituted with one or more alkyl groups.


glycol

A diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


alkyl hydroperoxide

A peroxol R-OOH where the substituent R is an alkyl group.


alkyl alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


cycloalkane

Saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons (with or without side chains).


oxoacid

A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


lipid hydroperoxide

Any lipid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.


allylic alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).


phenylethanolamines

An ethanolamine compound having a phenyl (substituted or unsubstituted) group on the carbon bearing the hydroxy substituent.


arabinitol

A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.


galactosylglycerol

A glycosylglycerol in which the glycosyl residue specified is galactose.


Escitalopram hydrobromide

A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile hydrobromide resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of escitalopram and hydrogen bromide.


resorcinols

Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are meta to one another.


organic sulfate

Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group


acyl halide

A compound consisting of an acyl group bonded to halogen.


Neostigmine bromide

The bromide salt of neostigmine.


acyl fluoride

A compound consisting of an acyl group bonded to fluorine.


hydrides

Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.


Vortioxetine hydrobromide

A hydrobromide obtained by combining vortioxetine with one molar equivalent of hydrobromic acid. Used for treatment of major depressive disorder.


artemisinin derivative

Any organic peroxide formally obtained from artemisinin.


organosulfonic acid

An organic derivative of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon.


hydrobromide

Salts formally resulting from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base.


A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile hydrobromide resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and hydrogen bromide.


peroxides

Compounds of structure ROOR'.


halohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom.


enol

Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR2. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' =/= H).


A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is nonaprenyl.


hexahydroxyflavone

Members of the class of hydroxyflavone that is  flavone substituted by 6 hydroxy groups.


Darifenacin hydrobromide

The hydrobromide salt of darifenacin.  A selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, it is used in the management of urinary incontinence.


cyclic olefin

The inclusive term for any cyclic hydrocarbon having any number of double bonds.


D-galactosylglycerol

Any galactosylglycerol resulting from the formal condensation of one of the hydroxy groups of glycerol with anomeric hydroxy group of D-galactose.


hydroxypolyether

A hydroxyether compound containing more than one ether group.


bromohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing a hydrogen atom with a bromine atom.


hydroxyflavone

Any flavone in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.


organic hydroxy compound

An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


short-chain primary fatty alcohol

Any primary fatty alcohol with a chain length less than 6 carbons.


tertiary allylic alcohol

An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two other carbons (R4,R5 =/= H).


A D-galactosylglycerol in which consisting of D-galactopyranose joined to one of the primary hydroxy groups of glycerol by a glycosidic bond.


Levobetaxolol

The (S)-enantiomer of betaxolol.


hydroquinones

Benzenediols that have the hydroxy substituents in the 1- and 4-positions.


aminosulfinic acid

Organosulfinic acids containing one or more amino groups.


tertiary alcohol

A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.


A tetritol that is butane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 4.


Bevantolol, (R)-

The (R)-enantiomer of bevantolol.


A stilbenol that is stilbene in which the phenyl groups are substituted at positions 3, 5, and 4' by hydroxy groups.


cyclohexanols

An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.


Octopamine

A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.


haloalkane

A halohydrocarbon that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by with a halogen atom.


hydroxyether

Any ether carrying a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


hydrocarbon

A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


allomelanin

Allomelanin is a type of nitrogen-free melanin most commonly found in fungi


Pancuronium bromide

A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.


flutropium bromide

The organic bromide salt of flutropium. It is used in Japan for the treatment asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


(S)-SKF 38393 hydrobromide

A hydrobromide obtained by combining (S)-SKF 38393 with one molar equivalent of hydrogen bromide.


tertiary amine oxide

An N-oxide where there are three organic groups bonded to the nitrogen atom.


alkenyl alcohol

Any aliphatic alcohol in which the carbon chain contains one or more olefinic bonds.


N-acylethanolamine

An ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


A mononitrophenol that is 2-nitrophenol and its derivatives resulting from substitution of one or more of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring by a non-nitro group.


main-group coordination entity

A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table.


oligosaccharide sulfate

Any  carbohydrate sulfate that is an oligosaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent.


Lithium bromide

A lithium salt in which the counterion is bromide. The anhydrous salt forms cubic crystals similar to common salt.


cresol

A hydroxytoluene that consists of toluene carrying a single hydroxy substituent at any position. A 'closed class'.


A primary alcohol based on a propan-1-olskeleton and its substituted derivatives.


Imetit dihydrobromide

A hydrobromide salt obtained by reaction of imetit with two equivalents of hydrobromic acid. An extremely potent, high affinity agonist at H3 and H4 receptors (Ki values are 0.3 and 2.7 nM respectively). Induces shape change in eosinophils with an EC50 of 25 nM. Centrally active following systemic administration.


secondary alcohol

A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.


alkanesulfonic acid

Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an alkyl group.


mononitrophenol

A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.


glycol ether

A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.


polyol

A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.


peroxol

Monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide HOOH, having the skeleton ROOH, in which R is any organyl group.


primary allylic alcohol

An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two hydrogens.


ethanediol

Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.


phosphorus oxoacid

A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.


halomethane

A haloalkane that is methane in which one (or more) of the hydrogens have been replaced by a halogen atom/halogen atoms.


coordination entity

An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).


sulfuric ester

An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid.


alditol

A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group).


hydroxides

Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).


organic peroxide

Compounds of structure ROOR' in which R and R' are organic groups.


aromatic alcohol

Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


Phenylallyl alcohol

A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).


haloalkene

A compound derived from an alkene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom.


alkadiene

Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds.


phosphoric acids

Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units.


The (S)-enantiomer of 1-phenylethanol.


octadienol

A primary alcohol that is octanol consisting of two double bonds at unspecified positions.


A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid.


monohydroxyflavone

A hydroxyflavone carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


Bevantolol, (S)-

The (S)-enantiomer of bevantolol.


ethanediol derivative

A substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.


organohalogen compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom).


long chain primary alcohol

A primary alcohol with a chain length ranging from 13-22 carbons which is usually but not always a fatty alcohol.


pentol

A  polyol with five hydroxy groups.


fatty alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol consisting of a chain of 3 to greater than 27 carbon atoms. Fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched.


A primary alcohol being cinnamyl alcohol hydroxylated at C-4 of the phenyl ring.


Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.


SKF 83822 hydrobromide

A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. High affinity, selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist. Ki values are 3.2, 3.1, 186, 66, 335, 1167, 1251 and 1385 nM at recombinant D1, D5, D2, D3, D4, 5-HT2A, alpha1A and alpha1B receptors respectively. Stimulates adenylyl cyclase (EC50 = 65 nM) but not phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Induces extreme arousal and hyperlocomotion following subcutaneous administration in monkeys.


N-sulfonylurea

A urea in which one of the hydrogens attached to a nitrogen of the urea group is replaced by a sulfonyl group. The N-sulfonylurea moiety is a key group in various herbicides, as well as in a number of antidiabetic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetis mellitus.


sulfonamide

An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2.


organosulfinic acid

Organic derivatives of sulfinic acid in which the sulfino group is linked directly to carbon.


triol

A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.


aldehyde hydrate

A 1,1-diol resulting from the formal addition of water to the carbonyl group of a aldehyde.


stilbenol

Any  stilbenoid with at least one phenolic group.


heteroaryl hydroxy compound

Any organic aromatic compound having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a heteroarene ring.


(R)-SKF 38393 hydrobromide

A hydrobromide obtained by combining (R)-SKF 38393 with one molar equivalent of hydrogen bromide.


A form of water consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen-18 atom.


olefin

Acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, apart from the formal ones in aromatic compounds. The class olefins subsumes alkenes and cycloalkenes and the corresponding polyenes.


A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is heptaprenyl.


pinitol

A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.


monocyclic arene

A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


annulene

A mancude monocyclic hydrocarbon without side chains of the general formula CnHn (n is an even number) or CnHn+1 (n is an odd number). In systematic nomenclature an annulene with seven or more carbon atoms may be named [n]annulene, where n is the number of carbon atoms.


An organic bromide salt having 9-benzyl-2-butyl-9H-beta-carbolin-2-ium as the counterion


isourea

A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.


arene

Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


primary alcohol

A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


polyphenol

Members of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


flavonols

Any hydroxyflavone in which is the ring hydrogen at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring is replaced by a hydroxy group.


Any alcohol in which two hydroxy groups are bonded to the same atom.


A hydrobromide that is obtained by reaction of scopolamine with hydrogen bromide.


hydroxytoluene

Any member of the class of  toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


Any hydroxyflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3'.


A halophenol in which the halogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the C-OH group.


secondary allylic alcohol

An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to one other carbon and one hydrogen.


pentitol

An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.


polyprenylhydroquinone

A hydroquinone compound having a polyprenyl substituent in an unspecified position.


hydroperoxide

A monosubstitution product of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


sulfolipid

A compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.


tetrahydroxyflavone

Any hydroxyflavone carrying four hydroxy substituents.


Sodium Bromide

An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.


sulfonamide antibiotic

A class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties.


salt

A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.


alkaloid

Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is  exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.


indole alkaloid

An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


isoquinoline alkaloid

Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.


cinchona alkaloid

An alkaloid based on a cinchonan skeleton.


monoterpenoid indole alkaloid

A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and diisoprenoid (usually secolaganin) building blocks.


hemiterpenoid indole alkaloid

A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and monoisoprenoid (usually dimethylallyl pyrophosphate or isopentenyl pyrophosphate) building blocks


morphinane alkaloid

An  isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


benzylisoquinoline alkaloid

Any isoquinoline alkaloid based on a benzylisoquinoline skeleton.


vinca alkaloid

A group of indole-indoline dimers which are alkaloids obtained from the Vinca genus of plants, together with semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues.


ergoline alkaloid

One of a class of naturally occurring alkaloids with a structure based on that of ergoline.


terpenoid indole alkaloid

An indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and isoprenoid building blocks.


aporphine alkaloid

Any benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that has a structure based on 4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline or its 3-methyl derivative.