Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.


Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride

The organic chloride salt of cetyltrimethylammonium.


antimony trichloride

An inorganic chloride salt with formula SbCl3. It is used as a reagent for detecting vitamin A and related carotenoids, reacting with the carotenoid to form a blue complex that can be measured by colorimetry (the Carr-Price test). Solutions of antimony trichloride were formerly used for dissolving and removing horn stubs from calves and goats.


Gallamine Blue

An organic chloride salt composed of 1-carbamoyl-7-(dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydroxyphenoxazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A histological dye used in solution with an iron alum mordant as a hematoxylin substitute in the H&E stain.


A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-nefopam with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid (the racemic salt is an analgesic drug).


Ultiva

The monohydrochloride salt of remifentanil.


Lysine Hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of L-lysine


Delphinidin

An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.


Cyanidin 3-galactoside

A memeber of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside  as the cationic counterpart.


Choline phosphate

An organic chloride salt comprising a choline phosphate cation and chloride anion.


(S)-(+)-ketamine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of esketamine.


organochlorine insecticide

Any organochlorine pesticide that has been used as an insecticide.


A hydrochloride obtained by combining 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


Proflavine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 3,6-diaminoacridine and hydrogen chloride.


ipratropium chloride

The chloride salt of ipratropium.


Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 5-aminolevulinic acid. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.


dimethenamid-P

The (S)-enantiomer of 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-N-[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]acetamide. It is the active enantiomer of dimethenamid, a herbicide applied to the soil to control various broad-leaved weeds and grasses.


Piroheptine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of piroheptine.


The hydrochloride salt of fenfluramine. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine hydrochloride was used for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.


A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of PJ34 and hydrochloric acid.


GR 127935 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.


9-Aminoacridine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 9-aminoacridine and hydrogen chloride.


Clomipramine Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.


(+)-AJ 76 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (1S,2R)-5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-(propylamino)tetralin with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Dopamine receptor antagonist with preferential action at presynaptic receptors (pKi values are 6.95, 6.67, 6.37, 6.21 and 6.07 at hD3. hD4, hD2S, hD2L and rD2 receptors respectively).


Ent-diltiazem hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of ent-diltiazem and hydrogen chloride.


Myrophine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of myrophine.


Gevotroline hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of gevotroline and hydrogen chloride.


Dexverapamil Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and hydrogen chloride. It competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1, EC 3.6.3.44), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms. Dexverapamil hydrochloride exhibits lower calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity than racemic verapamil hydrochloride.


DILEVALOL HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of dilevalol.


Flavoxate Hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of flavoxate.


Iron dichloride tetrahydrate

A hydrate that is the tetrahydrate form of iron dichloride.


Benserazide hydrochloride

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.


Auramine O

A hydrochloride obtained by combining 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis(N,N-dimethylaniline) with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A fluorescent stain for demonstrating acid fast organisms in a method similar to the Ziehl Neelsen. It also can be used to make a fluorescent Schiff reagent.


The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol.


The hydrochloride of colestipol, a highly cross-linked, high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. It is used for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.


A macromolecule composed of repeating (S)-2-amino-3-(2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethoxy)propanoic acid hydrochloride units.


Pelargonidin 3-glucoside

A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as the cationic counterpart.


NBOH-2C-CN hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 4-{2-[(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]ethyl}-2,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile and hydrogen chloride.


CGP 78608 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of CGP 78608. Potent and selective NMDA antagonist that acts through the glycine site (IC50 = 5 nM). Displays >500-fold selectivity over kainate and AMPA receptors (IC50 values are 2.7 and 3 muM respectively). Anticonvulsant in vivo following systemic administration.


Tolonium chloride

An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion.  It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.


(R)-Fluoxetine Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


The hydrochloride salt of glycinexylidide.


Desipramine Hcl

The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.


azosemide

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.


A hydrochloride obtained by combining mitoguazone with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.


Lorcaserin hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lorcaserin with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used as an anti-obesity drug.


chloroalkane

Any haloalkane that consists of an alkane substituted by at least one chloro group.


Pyronine B

An organic chloride salt having 6-(diethylamino)-N,N-diethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium as the cation. Depending on the mode of manufacture, pyronin B also exists in the form of an FeCl3 complex.


lead(II) chloride

An inorganic chloride consisting of two chlorine atoms covalently bound to a central lead atom.


Oxycodone Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.  It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.


Spectinomycin Hydrochloride

A hydrate that is the pentahydrate form of spectinomycin hydrochloride. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used to treat gonorrhea.


Triethanolamine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining triethanolamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride.


The hydrochloride salt of SKF-96365. It is a TRP channel blocker.


Manganese Chloride

A hydrate that is the tetrahydrate form of manganese(II) chloride.


(R)-donepezil hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of (R)-donepezil and hydrogen chloride.


Tamsulosin hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of tamulosin and hydrogen chloride.


Monomethylammonium chloride

The hydrochloride formed from methylamine.


The hydrochloride salt of doxapram. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, both doxapram hydrochloride and its hydrate are used as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.


The hydrochloride salt of thiobenzyl benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysinate. It is a substrate for a sensitive colorimetric assay for trypsin-like enzymes.


A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide and hydrogen chloride.


Buspirone Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.


Hydralazine Hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.


An ethylenediamine dihydrochloride compound having an N-(1-naphthyl) substituent.


The hydrochloride salt of bevantolol.


hydrochloride

A salt formally resulting from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base.


(-)-Verapamil Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of (S)-verapamil and hydrogen chloride.


S 14506 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 4-fluoro-N-{2-[4-(7-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}benzamide with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. Highly potent selective 5-HT1A receptor full agonist (pKi values are 9.0, 6.6, 7.5, 6.6 and < 6.0 for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors respectively). Possibly binds between the agonist binding site and the G protein interaction switch site, affecting the activation mechanism, and may display positive cooperativity. Anxiolytic following central administration in vivo.


Chlorprothixene HCl

The hydrochloride salt of chlorprothixene.


A member of the class of pyrrolecarboxamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-[(Z)-(5-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of N(1),N(1)-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.


Methylene green

An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-4-nitrophenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion.  It stains nuclei green and is sometimes used as a counterstain to red or purple primary stains.


Dequalinium chloride

An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.


Mechlorethamine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of mechlorethamine.


Basic Brown 1

A hydrochloride that is the dihydrochloride of 4,4'-[1,3-phenylenebis(diazene-2,1-diyl)]di(benzene-1,3-diamine). Bismarck brown Y is a metachromatic dye which stains acid mucins yellow. It is also a constituent of Papanicolaou's EA solutions, used for cervical, and other smears.


Ivabradine Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining ivabradine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.


Metronidazole Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of metronidazole and hydrogen chloride.


Memantine Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of memantine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A low to moderate affinity uncompetitive (open-channel); NMDA receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels.


RADIUM RA-223 DICHLORIDE

A radium molecular entity with formula (223)RaCl2. Used as as a radiotherapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, symptomatic bone metastases and no known visceral metastatic disease. An alpha-emitter, radium-223 has a half-life of 11.4 days.


Cefepime Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrate of the dihydrochloride salt of cefepime.


Tiagabine Hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of tiagabine and hydrogen chloride. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy.


A macromolecule composed of repeating N,N-dimethyl-N-propylpropan-1-aminium chloride units.


chlorobenzenes

Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines.


Cesium Chloride

The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.


RU 58668

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in the the hydrogen at the 11beta position has been replaced by a p-({5-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]pentyl}oxy)phenyl group. RU 58668 is a pure anti-estrogen that downregulates estrogen receptor expression (IC50 = 0.04 nM).


dihydroxyquinoline

Any hydroxyquinoline in which the number of hydroxy substituents is specified as two.


monosaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide.


ketose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a ketose.


GDP-D-mannose

A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.


UDP-sugar

A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having UDP as the nucleotide component attached to an unspecified sugar via an anomeric diphosphate linkage.


neuraminic acid

A 9-carbon sugar that is 5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid in either its open-chain or cyclic hemiketal forms. Although it does not occur naturally, many of its derivatives are found widely distributed in animal tissues and in bacteria, particularly in glycoproteins and gangliosides. N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid are known as sialic acids.


UDP-D-glucuronic acid

A UDP-sugar having D-glucopyranuronic acid as the sugar component.


UDP-D-glucose

A UDP-sugar having D-glucose as the sugar component.


triose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a triose.


purine nucleotide-sugar

A nucleotide-sugar whose nucleobase is a purine.


GDP-fucose

A GDP-hexose in which the hexose component is a fucosyl residue.


aldopentose derivative

An aldose derivative that is formally obtained from an aldopentose.


UDP-D-galactose

A UDP-sugar having D-galactose as the sugar component.


sialic acid

Any of the N-acylneuraminic acids and their esters and other derivatives of the alcoholic hydroxy groups.


TDP-sugar

A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having TDP as the nucleotide component attached to an unspecified sugar via an anomeric diphosphate linkage.


ketopentose derivative

A ketose derivative that is formally obtained from a ketopentose.


tagatose derivative

A ketohexose derivative that is formally obtained from a tagatose.


CMP-sugar

A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having CMP as the nucleotide component attached to an unspecified sugar via an anomeric diphosphate linkage.


stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside

A  steroid saponin that is (3beta,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from   Symplocos lancifolia.


hexose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a hexose.


aldose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from an aldose.


ketoaldonic acid derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a ketoaldonic acid.


xylulose derivative

A ketopentose derivative that is formally obtained from xyulose.


A steroid saponin that is 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


floribundasaponin A

A spirostanyl glycoside that is pennogenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the stem bark of Dracaena mannii, it exhibits anti-inflammatory  activity.


GDP-hexose

A GDP-sugar in which the sugar component is a hexosyl residue.


UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

A UDP-sugar having N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the sugar component.


ribose derivative

An aldopentose derivative that is formally obtained from a ribose.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar

A nucleotide-sugar whose nucleobase is a pyrimidine.


ribulose 5-phosphate

A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.


ribulose derivative

A ketopentose derivative that is formally obtained from ribulose.


tannin

Any of a group of astringent polyphenolic vegetable principles or compounds, chiefly complex glucosides of catechol and pyrogallol.


pentose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose.


ketohexose derivative

A hexose derivative that is formally obtained from a ketohexose.


ketoheptose derivative

A heptose derivative that is formally obtained from a ketoheptose.


thioribose

Any ribose derivative in which at least one of the oxygen atoms of the ribose moiety has been replaced by sulfur.


heptose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a heptose.


monosaccharide sulfate

Any carbohydrate sulfate that is a monosaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent.


corticosteroid hormone

Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.


mineralocorticoid

Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism.


glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.


xanthine

A purine nucleobase found in humans and other organisms.


radical ion

A radical that carries an electric charge.


leucine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of leucine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing leucine residues.


L-leucine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-leucine by a heteroatom.


(R)-betaxolol

The (R)-enantiomer of betaxolol.


organoarsonic acid

Any organoarsenic compound that is the As-organyl derivative of arsonic acid.


arsonic acids

Arsonic acid and its As-hydrocarbyl derivatives.


arsonous acids

Any arsenic oxoacid that is HAs(OH)2 and its As-hydrocarbyl derivatives.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 4-methoxy-17beta-estradiol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3.


nitrile

A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.


(R)-citalopram

A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.


(S)-verapamil

A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.


mandelonitrile

A cyanohydrin that is phenylacetonitrile in which one of the methylene hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


hydroxynitrile

Any nitrile compound which also contains a hydroxy group.


A cyanohydrin in which the substituents on the alpha carbon are ethyl and methyl.


A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.


dexverapamil

A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has R configuration. It competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1, EC 3.6.3.44), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms. Dexverapamil exhibits lower calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity than racemic verapamil.


(R)-ethaboxam

An N-[cyano(2-thienyl)methyl]-4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of ethaboxam.


(S)-bicalutamide

A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.


(R)-bicalutamide

A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.


(S)-ethaboxam

An N-[cyano(2-thienyl)methyl]-4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of ethaboxam.


alpha-hydroxynitrile

A hydroxynitrile in which the hydroxy group is located on the carbon alpha to the carbonitrile group.


cyanohydrin

An alpha-hydroxynitrile resulting from the formal addition of hydrogen cyanide to the C=O bond of an aldehyde or ketone.


A member of the class of aromatic amides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of amino(2-thienyl)acetonitrile.


aliphatic nitrile

Any nitrile derived from an aliphatic compound.


cyanogenic glycoside

A glycoside in which the aglycone contains a cyanide group. A cyanogenic glycoside can release poisonous hydrogen cyanide if acted upon by some enzyme.


(S,R)-labetolol

A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1S,2R-configuration.


salicylamide

The simplest member of the class of salicylamides derived from salicylic acid.


(R,R)-labetalol

A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.


(R,S)-labetolol

A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2S-configuration.


salicylanilides

The compound salicylanilide and its derivatives.


(S,S)-labetalol

A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1S,2S-configuration.


An aza-steroid that is (8xi,9xi,14xi)-androsta-5,16-diene substituted by (4-fluorobenzoyl)amino and 4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl groups at positions 3S and 17, respectively. It is a potent anti-cancer agent that inhibits androgen synthesis and CYP17A1.


3-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3.


fruticoside A

A  3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 4-methylergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 21 (the 2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa and exhibits cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines.


A C21-steroid in which a pregnane skeleton carries a beta-hydroxy group at position 3, an alpha-hydroxy group at position 20 and a double bond between positions 4 and 5.


3alpha-hydroxy steroid

A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the alpha-position.


ergostane sterol

Any sterol based on an ergostane skeleton and its derivatives.


A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and two methyl groups at position 4.


A 3beta sterol that is 5alpha-androstane which is substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 and by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 7.


Any sterol that contains a double bond between positions 7 and 8.


An oxysterol that is (24S,25)-epoxycholesterol bearing a hydroxy substituent at the 7alpha-position.


A steroid glucosiduronic that is 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol carrying a glucosiduronic acid residue at position 17.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 16.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is obtained by formal dehydrogenation across positions 7 and 8 of 17beta-estradiol.


A sterol that is cholestanol in which the hydrogen at the 6alpha position has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


An oxaspiro compound that is(5beta,25R)-spirostan substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


bufalin

A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 17.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 24S and 25.


A brassinosteroid that is castasterone in which the oxo group at position 6 has been converted to a hydroxy group (the 6alpha-stereoisomer).


cholestanol 7alpha,8alpha-epoxide

A cholestanoid that is lathosterol in which the double bond at position 7,8 has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 7alpha,8alpha stereoisomer).


A 3beta-sterol that is ergosterol having an additional double bond at position 14.


B-norcholesterol

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is cholesterol in which a methylene (CH2) group has been removed from the B-ring.


A cholestanoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid with the amino group of taurine.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying an additional carboxy substituent at position 4alpha.


esculeogenin A

A sapogenin that is spirosolane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 23 and 27 (the 3beta,5alpha,22alpha,23S,25S stereoisomer).


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3beta-ol bearing an alpha-methyl substituent at position 4.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-ergosta-8,24(28)-diene substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 4 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.


A 3beta-sterol that consists of 4beta-methylzymosterol in which the 4alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


convallasaponin A

A steroid saponin that consists of (1beta,3beta,5beta,25S)-spirostan-1,3,17-triol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-6-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from the rhizomes of Convallaria majalis and exhibits significant cytotoxicity against human submandibular gland carcinoma (HSG) cells.


The 5alpha-stereoisomer of bufol.


A 3beta-sterol that is zymosterol which carries a hyroxymethyl group at position 4.


fecosterol

A 3beta-sterol having a 5alpha-ergostane skeleton with a methylidene group at C-24 and double bonds at the C-8 and C-24(28) positions.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is solanid-5-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.


A 4-hydroxymethylzymosterol in which the hydroxymethyl group at position 4 has alpha-configuration.


phytosterols

Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.


A 3beta-sterol that is cholesterol substituted at position 7 by an amino group.


A steroid acid that has a carboxy group located at the 4alpha-position and a hydroxy substituent located at the 3beta-position.


The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.


A 3beta-sterol that is cholesterol carrying an oxo group at position 22.


A 3beta sterol that is 5alpha-androstane which is substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 and by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 6.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4beta and 24S.


A 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid that is that is cholestan-3beta-ol in which the hydrogens at position 4 have been replaced by methyl groups and a double bond has been introduced between positions 8 and 14.


cycloartane sterol

Any sterol based on a cycloartane skeleton and its derivatives.


brassicasterol

An 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil.


A 3beta-sterol consisting of an ergostane skeleton with double bonds at 7- and 22-positions.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is teasterone lacking the oxo substituent at position 6.


bolandiol

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is estr-4-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at positions 3 and 17. It is a synthetic anabolic steroid that is used as a dietary supplement by athletes to enhance performance.


5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24,26-pentol with S-configuration at C-24.


A 7alpha,24-dihydroxycholesterol in which has R configuration at position 24.


6alpha,20xi-murideoxycholic acid

The 6alpha,20xi-stereoisomer of murideoxycholic acid.


A brassinosteroid that is brassinolide in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been replaced by a hydrogen atom.


A 3beta-sterol that consists of 4beta-methylzymosterol in which the 4alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a carboxy group.


An oxysterol that is the 22S-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.


clionasterol

A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.


A phytosterol consiting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 7,8-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


dehydroergosterol

A phytosterol consiting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- 9,11- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


A 3beta-sterol having double bonds in the 5-, 7- and 22-positions and a methylene group at position 24.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7alpha and 22R.


A hydroxy steroid that is the 20,22-dihydro derivative of digoxigenin, consisting of 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions.


A steroid acid that is 3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-diene in which the hydrogen at the 4beta position has been replaced by a carboxy group.


brassinolide 23-O-alpha-D-glucoside

A brassinosteroid that is brassinolide carrying an alpha-D-glucosyl residue at position O-23.


A cholestanoid that is cholest-6-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 5alpha,8alpha stereoisomer). Isolated from the sea urchin Diadema setosum, it exhibits cytotoxicity against variuos cancer cell lines.


stigmastane sterol

Any sterol based on a stigmastane skeleton.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid with an unknown acyl group attached at position 25.


crinosterol

A 3beta-sterol that is campesterol in which position 22 has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, mussels, crinoids, mites and plants.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is obtained by formal dehydrogenation across positions 6 and 7 of 17beta-estradiol.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is (22E)-19-norcholesta-1,3,5(10),22-tetraene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.It is isolated from the Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3alpha,- 12beta- and 14beta-positions.


A stigmastane sterol that is sitosterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 22S.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 24,26-cyclo-19-norcholesta-1,3,5(10),22-tetraene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is isolated from the Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,24-triol with S-configuration at C-24.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 2.


pregnane sterol

Any sterol based on a pregnane skeleton and its derivatives.


The 5beta-stereoisomer of bufol.


A 3beta-sterol formed formally by loss of a methyl group from the 14-position of lanosterol.


A 3beta-sterol having a 5alpha-ergostane skeleton with double bonds at C-6, C-9(11), C-22 and C-25 and a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8. An antineoplastic agent isolated from Okinawan sponge of the genus Axinyssa.


A 3alpha-hydroxy steroid that is androst-5-ene carrying three additional hydroxy groups at positions 3alpha, 16beta and 17beta.


androstane sterol

Any sterol based on a androstane skeleton and its derivatives.


lanostane sterol

Any sterol based on a lanostane skeleton and its derivatives.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 24S and 27 and has S-configuration at position 25.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is  sitosterol substituted by an additional alpha-hydroxy group at position 7. It has been isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 4.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying carboxy and methyl substituents at position 4.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is obtained by formal dehydration at the 17-position of estradiol.


The 3-alpha-hydroxy epimer of 6-deoxocathasterone.


A brassinosteroid that is campesterol bearing an additional 22S-hydroxy substituent.


oleandrigenin

A steroid ester that is the 16-acetyl derivative of gitoxigenin.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 4.


5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol with S-configuration at C-24.


Typhasterol in which the oxygen atom of the keto group has been substituted by two hydrogen atoms. A member of a biosynthetic pathway to castasterone, it has been isolated from the primary roots of maize.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholestane-3beta-ol having double bonds at the 8,9- and 14,15- positions.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying two additional hydroxy groups at positions 7alpha and 17beta.


A member of the class of phytosterols that is coprostanol carrying an additional ethyl substituent at position 24.


A 3alpha-hydroxy steroid that is castasterone which is lacking the oxo substituent at position 6.


A cholestanoid that zymosterol in which the two methyl groups at positions 26 and 27 have been replaced by a  cyclopropane ring.


Any 3beta-hydroxy-steroid that contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is (22E,24S)-24-methyl-19-norcholesta-1,3,5(10),22-tetraene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is isolated from Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is desmosterol in which the double bond at position 24-25 has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 24S diastereoisomer). It is an oxysterol agonist of the liver X receptor.


A 3-hydroxy steroid resulting from deoxygenation at position 17 of estradiol or estrone.


A 7alpha,26-dihydroxycholesterol that has R configuration at position 25.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying an additional methyl substituent at position 4alpha.


estradiol

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying hydroxymethyl and methyl substituents at position 4.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol carrying two additional hydroxy groups at the 4beta and 7alpha positions.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol which is substituted at the 4alpha position by a hydroxymethyl group and in which the 24(28) double bond has Z configuration.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid, the 4-methyl derivative of zymosterol.


3beta-hydroxy steroid

A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the  beta-position.


Any sterol containing two double bonds between positions 5-6 and 7-8.


estrane sterol

Any sterol based on an estrane skeleton and its derivatives.


dihydrodigitoxin

A cardanolide glycoside that is the 20,22-dihydro derivative of digitoxin.


omega-hydroxyfinasteride

A metabolite of finasteride.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is (22E)-19,24-dinorcholesta-1,3,5(10),22-tetraene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is isolated from the Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


A 3beta-sterol that is 24-methylidenelophenol in which the methyl group at position 4 has been oxidised to the corresponding hydroxymethyl group.


ergosterol peroxide

An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.


The 7-oxime of dehydroepiandrosterone, substituted on the oxime oxygen by a carboxymethyl group.


A  3-hydroxy steroid that is 19-norcholesta-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is isolated from Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


A cholestanoid that is cholestanol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 24S.


leucisterol

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmasta-5,22-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 (the 3beta,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from the whole plants of Leucas urticifolia, it exhibits cholinesterase inhibitory activity.


fucosterol

A 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28).


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 24S and 26.


tomatidine

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.


digitoxigenin

A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).


An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).


A sterol in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has beta- configuration.


A brassinosteroid that is brassinolide carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 26.


17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.


fungisterol

An ergostanoid that is 5alpha-ergost-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.


A 3beta-sterol consisting of an ergostane skeleton with double bonds at positions 8(9) and 22.


A 3beta-sterol having the structure of campestanol with a hydroxy group at the 6alpha-position.


pennogenin

An oxaspiro compound that is spirost-5-en substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (3beta,25R stereoisomer).


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is androst-5-en-3beta-ol in which the 17beta-hydrogen has been replaced by a 1,3-dihydroxy-3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl group. NCS172285 (also known as acts as NSC12) has been used as an extracellular fibroblast growth factor (FGF) trap with implications in cancer therapy. The stereochemistry shown is that of the most active stereoisomer, as determined by Mattia Anselmi (PhD thesis, University of Parma, 2015).


An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted at position 26 by a hydroxy group.


halosterol B

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is (3beta)-stigmasta-4,6-diene-3-ol with an additional hydroxy group at position 22 (the 22R stereoisomer). Isolated from the whole plants of Haloxylon recurvum, it exhibits chymotrypsin inhibitory activity.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying an additional hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4alpha.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a methoxy group.


oxysterol

An oxygenated derivative of cholesterol


A  3-hydroxy steroid that is (22E,24R)-24-methyl-19-norcholesta-1,3,5(10),22-tetraene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is isolated from Hainan soft coral Dendronephthya studeri.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is campesterol carrying two hydroxy groups at positions 22R and 23R.


macromolecule

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.


polypeptide

A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.


exopolysaccharide

A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment.


glycosaminoglycan

Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.


polysaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide.


polysaccharide

A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues.


hexa-L-lysine monohydrobromide

A compound comprising six covalently linked L-lysine residues ionically bound to hydrogen bromide.


keratan 6'-sulfate

A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.


biomacromolecule

A macromolecule formed by a living organism.


homopolysaccharide

Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'.


mucopolysaccharide

Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid.


glucan

A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues.


alpha-glucoside

A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in an alpha configuration


anabolic androgenic steroid

A steroid hormone related to the hormone testosterone. It increases protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism), especially in muscles. It also has androgenic and virilizing properties.


TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE ANHYDROUS

An organic bromide salt having (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane as the counterion. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


tungsten cation

A generic term for all the possible tungsten cations (W6+, W4+, etc...)


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole.


O-acyl carbohydrate

A carbohydrate derivative in which the hydrogen atom of at least one alcoholic hydroxy group of a carbohydrate has been replaced by an acyl substituent.


imidazopyridazine

An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of an imidazole ring ortho-fused to a pyridazine ring.


(S)-fluoxetine

An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has S configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].


A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol with C-22 replaced with an oxygen atom, and additional hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 24.


tachysterol 3

A hydroxy seco-steroid that results from the photoisomerization of previtamin D3.


(24S)-1alpha,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 24 and 25 (with 1S,24S-configuration).


calcitroic acid

A hydroxycalciol that is calcidiol in which the pro-S hydrogen of calcidiol is replaced by a hydroxy group and the C-23/C-27 unit is replaced by a carboxy group.


glycosylgalactose derivative

A disaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a glycosylgalactose.


L-xylopyranose

The pyranose form of L-xylose.


alpha-L-xylopyranose

An L-xylopyranose that has alpha- configuration at the anomeric centre.


beta-L-xylopyranose

A L-xylopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


D-synephrine

The D-enantiomer of synephrine.


2-[[7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl]thio]propanoic acid ethyl ester


oxygen-17 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 16.999131. The least abundant (0.038 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.


A glycerophosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which an unspecified alk-1-enyl group is located at position sn-1 or sn-3 and an unspecified acyl group is located at position sn-2.


phosphatidylethanolamine P-36:3

A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain 36 carbon atoms in total with 3 additional double bonds.


D-ribose

A ribose in which the chiral carbon atom furthest away from the aldehyde group (C4') has the same configuration as in D-glyceraldehyde.


beta-D-ribose

A D-ribofuranose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.


rotenoid

Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


monocarboxylic acid amide

A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.


An N-acylethanolamine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of any polyunsaturated fatty acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.


(S)-modafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. The racemate comprising (S)-modafinil and its enantiomer, armodafinil, is known as modafinil and is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The enantiomers have similar pharmacological actions in animals.


armodafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.


N-(fatty acyl)-ethanolamine

an N-acyl-ethanolamine where the acyl group is a fatty acyl chain with composition not specified, major species at pH 7.3.


massadine

An alkaloid isolated from Stylissa massa.


A monocarboxylic acid amide that is acetamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 2 and a 3-oxo-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.


linkable sunitinib analogue

An analogue of sunitinib in which the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide group is replaced by 3-aminopropyl.


fatty amide

A monocarboxylic acid amide derived from a fatty acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole.


(R)-atenolol

The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.


A L-serine derivative obtained by formal condensation between N-butyl-L-serinamide and 2-thienylacetic acid.


N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine

Any N-acylethanolamine in which the acyl group has a chain length of C12 or greater.


The (R)-enantiomer of S(6)-acetyldihydrolipoamide.


N-acylethanolamine 20:4

A N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine.


N-acylethanolamine 18:0

A N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and is fully saturated.


S-substituted dihydrolipoamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of dihydrolipoamide carrying substituents on at least one of the sulfanyl groups.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


primary fatty amide

A primary carboxamide RC(=O)NH2 resultng from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a fatty acid with ammonia.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


(E)-dacarbazine

A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.


A cysteine derivative obtained by formal condensation between N-butyl-L-cysteinamide and 2-thienylacetic acid.


N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine

Any N-acylethanolamine in which the acyl group is derived from a saturated fatty acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isopentyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


arenecarboxamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an arene ring system.


esatenolol

The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.


pentitol derivative

An alditol derivative that is formally obtained from a pentitol.


Cobalamin [vandf]

A cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide that is cobalamin with the oxidation state of the central cobalt atom unspecified.


(R)-salsolinol

A 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has R-configuration.


D-galactopyranose

A galactopyranose having D-configuration.


primary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.


Clobenpropit dihydrobromide

A hydrobromide salt obtained by reaction of clobenpropit with two equivalents of hydrobromic acid. An extremely potent histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist (pA2 = 9.93). Also displays partial agonist activity at H4 receptors; induces eosinophil shape change with an EC50 of 3 nM.


monohydroxyquinoline

A hydroxyquinoline carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


A quinoline having the keto group at the 4-position and an additional hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.


maltooligosaccharide

A glucooligosaccharide derived from glucose monomers linked via alpha-D-1,4 bonds as in maltose.  The term is commonly applied to the series of linear oligosaccharides composed of two, three, four, five and six such units of glucose.


maltotriose trisaccharide

A trisaccharide comprised of three D-glucose residues connected by alpha(1->4) linkages.


primary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.


aminoethyl nitrate

A nitrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanolamine with the hydroxy group of nitric acid. It causes vasodilation by generating nitric oxide and is used for the treatment of angina pectoris and ischemic heart disease.


N-monoacetylalkane-alpha,omega-diamine

An acetamide obtained by acetylation of one of the amino groups of any alkane-alpha,omega-diamine. AcNHCH2(CH2)nCH2NH2, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.


17beta-hydroxy steroid

A 17-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 17 has a beta-configuration.


ethylestrenol

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3.


tibolone

Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3. It is a biochemical marker of peripheral tissue androgen metabolism.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3.


catechols

Any compound containing an o-diphenol component.


5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol

A phenylpropanoid that is cinnamyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 on the benzene ring are replaced by hydroxy groups while that at position 5 is replaced by a methoxy group.


methylcatechol

Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.


D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine

Sphingosine substituted at the 1-hydroxy group by a D-glucosyl group and at the 2-amino group by an acyl group.


beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine

A D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the glucosyl head group has beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


N-(very-long-chain fatty acyl)-sphingoid base

A ceramide where the acyl chain chain length is greater than C22 and the sphingoid base is undefined


N-tetracosenoyl-sphingoid base

A ceramide having a tetracosenoyl fatty chain where the double bond position is not defined, and also the sphingoid base is undefined.


A dihydroceramide in which the acyl moiety contains 24 carbons and 1 double bond.


tertiary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.


(S)-bromazine

The (S)-enantiomer of bromazine.


glycerophosphoethanolamine zwitterion

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of any glycerophosphoethanolamine.


A lysophosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 14 carbons and 0 double bonds.


phosphatidylethanolamine 28:2

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 28 carbons in total with 2 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 32 carbons in total with 1 double bond.


phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion

The zwitterion of a phosphatidylethanolamine compound formed by proton transfer from the phosphate to the primary amino group.


An optically active phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion having R-configuration


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 42 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.


A monoacylglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion having an unspecified ester linked acyl substituent at the sn-1 or sn-3 position of the glycerol fragment.


phosphatidylethanolamine 32:3

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 32 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 42 carbons in total with 5 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 38 carbons in total with 5 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 36 carbons in total with 1 double bond.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 42 carbons in total with 6 double bonds.


A glycerophosphoethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of any monoacylglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3.


lysophosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of any lysophosphatidylethanolamine. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 40 carbons in total with 6 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 40 carbons in total with 8 double bonds.


A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the amino to the phosphate group of a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 34 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl group at position 1 is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl) while that at position 2 is unspecified.


phosphatidylethanolamine 30:2

A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 30 carbons in total with 2 double bonds.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 38 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.


monocyclic olefin

A monocyclic hydrocarbon having any number of double bonds.


cycloalkadiene

An unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbon having two endocyclic double bonds.


cycloalkene

An unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbon having at least one endocyclic double bond.


6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


ageladine A

An imidazopyridine that is 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-amine substituted by a 4,5-dibromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl group at position 4. It is an alkaloid isolated from a marine sponge Agelas nakamurai and acts as an inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinases, the key enzymes involved in tumour growth, migration, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis.


1-[3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-pyrrolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


neopentyl glycosyl pyrrole

A pyrrole having neopentyl-, formyl- and 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl groups at positions 1-, 2- and 3- respectively.


4-hydroxybenzoic acid [2-[1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-pyrrolyl]-2-oxoethyl] ester


2-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


semaxanib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.


marineosin A

A macrocycle isolated from a marine sediment-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. It exhibits cytotoxicity against colon tumour cell lines.


marineosin B

A macrocycle isolated from a marine sediment-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. A stereoisomer of marineosin A, it exhibits cytotoxicity against colon tumour cell lines.


Intermediate in the biosynthesis of pyrroindomycin antibiotics. Major species at pH 7.3.


5-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-indolizinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


N-[[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-pyrrolyl]methylideneamino]carbamic acid methyl ester


tetramic acids

Compounds containing a tetramic acid (pyrrolidine-2,4-dione) ring system.


tetramic acid

A gamma-lactam that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. Despite its simple structure, it was not synthesised until 1972; earlier attempts were later shown to have resulted only in the formation of the isomer 5-imino-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-ol.


equisetin

A member of the class of tetramic acids that is trichosetin in which the hydrogen attached to the lactam nitrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. It is produced by the filamentous fungus Fusarium heterosporum.


An azaspiro compound that is spirotetramat in which the carbonate ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticicde spirotetramat.


N-hydroxypyrrole

Any pyrrole bearing a N-hydroxy substituent.


3-(3-formyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolyl)-4-methylbenzoic acid methyl ester


trichosetin

A member of the class of octahydronaphthalenes that is (2R,4aS,5R,6R,8aS)-2,5-dimethyl-6-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalene in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a (Z)-hydroxy[(5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dioxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene]methyl group. Produced by the dual culture of Trichoderma harzianum and Catharanthus roseus callus, it exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.


A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, bromo, bromo and bromo groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. It is a natural product isolated from the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas strain J010.


volatile organic compound

Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.


decanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.


dodecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.


A secondary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 (the 2S-stereoisomer).


hexadecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.


pentanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of five carbon atoms.


heptanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.


tridecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of thirteen carbon atoms.


octanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eight carbon atoms.


A member of the class of thiophenes that is thiophene in which the hydrogen atom at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.


hexanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.


nonanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of nine carbon atoms.


tetradecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of fourteen carbon atoms.


icosanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty carbon atoms.


octadecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eighteen carbon atoms.


undecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eleven carbon atoms.


fenfluramine

A  secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.


A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.


Pyrrolidinium, 3-(((2S)-cyclopentylhydroxyphenylacetyl)oxy)-1,1-dimethyl-, bromide, (3R)-

A glycopyrronium bromide that has (2S,3R)-configuration. The racemate, ritropirronium bromide, is used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


Rocuronium Bromide

The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.


Aclidinium Bromide

A quaternary ammonium salt that is the bromide salt of aclidinium. A muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptor antagonist, for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


Tetramethylammonium bromide

The bromide salt of tetramethylammonium.


Glycopyrrolate

A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and  bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.


METHSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE

A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.


Tetrabutylammonium bromide

A tetrabutylammonium salt with bromide as the anionic counterpart.


Propyromazine bromide

An organic bromide salt of propyromazine. It is a muscarinic antagonist which has antispasmodic potential.


Tetrapropylammonium bromide

A quarternary ammonium bromide salt in which the cation has four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.


Benzododecinium Bromide

The organic bromide salt of benzododecinium. It is a cationic surfactant that has antispetic and disinfectant properties.


Tiquizium bromide

A organic bromide salt of tiquizium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of convulsion and hypermobility in gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, gallbladder disease, biliary tract disease and urolithiasis.


n-Octyltrimethylammonium bromide

A quarternary ammonium salt whose basic unit comprises an octyltrimethylammonium cation and a bromide anion.


BUTYLSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE

An organic bromide salt of butylscopolamine. It is an antispasmodic drug which can relieve painful stomach cramps (including those linked with irritable bowel syndrome), bladder and menstrual cramps.


Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide

A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.


FM 4-64 dye

A quaternary ammonium salt A liphophilic dye consisting of a dication that is N,N-dibutyl-4-[6-(pyridin-4-yl)hexa-1,3,5-trien-1-yl]aniline in which the nitrogen of the pyridine moiety is substituted by a 3-(triethylammonio)propyl group and two bromide ions. It is used to selectively stain yeast vacuolar membranes with red fluorescence.


Cetrimonium Bromide

The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.


Decyltrimethylammonium bromide

A quarternary ammonium salt whose basic unit comprises a decyltrimethylammonium cation and a bromide anion.


clidinium bromide

The bromide salt of clinidium. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.


Acetylcholine bromide

The bromide salt of acetylcholine.


Vecuronium Bromide

The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.


A quaternary ammonium salt that is the dibromide salt of 1,1'-hexadecane-1,16-diylbis(1-methylpyrrolidinium).


umeclidinium bromide

A quaternary ammonium salt that is the bromide salt of umeclidinium. Used in combination with vilanterol for long-term maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


erythro-Glycopyrronium bromide

A glycopyrronium bromide that has (2R,3S)-configuration. The racemate, ritropirronium bromide, is used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


BUTROPIUM BROMIDE

An organic bromide salt of butropium. It is a drug which suppresses spasm of smooth muscles of internal organs, inhibits gastric acid secretion and relieves abdominal pain. It is used in the treatment of spasmodic pains associated with gastritis, gastric ulcers and cholelithiasis.


monomethoxybenzene

Compounds containing a benzene skeleton substituted with one methoxy group.


guaiacols

Any phenol carrying an additional methoxy substituent at the ortho-position.


(6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid

A 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid that has R-configuration at position 6.


SKF 83959 hydrobromide

A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.


steroid saponin

Any saponin derived from a hydroxysteroid.


A steroid saponin that is (3beta,16beta,20R)-3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and Galtonia candicans, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


A sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside that is 16,23-epoxycholest-24-ene-3,22-diol substituted by a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage (the 3beta,5beta,16beta,22R,23S stereoisomer). Isolated from bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, it exhibits inhibitory activity on proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes.


mannioside A

A steroid saponin that consists of pennogenin attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycoidic linkage. Isolated from Dracaena mannii, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


yuccalan

A spirostanyl glycoside that is (3beta,5alpha,6alpha,25S)-spirostan-3,6,27-triol attached to a 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Yucca smalliana, it exhibits antifungal activity.


leucospiroside A

A spirostanyl glycoside that is agigenin attached to a pentasaccharide unit via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the flowers of Allium leucanthum, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


butanediol

A member of the class of butanediols that is butane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.


butanediols

A diol that is a butanediol or a derivative of a butanediol.


A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.


bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid

A type of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid whose structures are built up of two benzylisoquinoline units linked by ether bridges. Various structural patterns resulting from additional bridging between the two units by direct carbon-carbon bridging or by methylenedioxy groups are common.


extended flavonoid

Any flavonoid with one or more rings fused on to the phenyl substituted benzopyran  framework.


Any aminopurine that has amino substituents at positions 2 and 6, and their substituted derivatives.


A 2,6-diaminopurine that is an analogue of abacavir in which the cyclopropylamino group at position 6 of the purine moiety is replaced by a 3-cyclopropyl-3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl group. One of a series of synthesised abacavir analogues with antiviral activity found to stimulate IFN-gamma secretion in abacavir-responsive clones.


polyatomic anion

An anion consisting of more than one atom.


azide

Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.


oxoanion

An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.


nitrite

The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitrous acid.


nitronaphthalene

A nitroarene that is  naphthalene substituted by at least one nitro group.


thiochromane

Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a thiopyran.


dibenzopyran

Any organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring fused with two benzene rings.


benzimidazole fungicide

Compounds that contain a benzimidazole moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


naphthalenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound having a skeleton composed of two ortho-fused benzene rings.


adamantanes

Compounds containing an adamantane skeleton.


A hydroxylamine that is N-hydroxyquinolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a (1E)-non-1-en-1-yl group. It is the most active agent produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates the growth and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus; the corresponding Z isomer is inactive.


naphthalenediols

Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has two hydroxy substituents.


hydroxyflavan

A member of the class of flavans in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.


isoquinolines

A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives.


androstanoid

Any steroid based on an  androstane skeleton and its derivatives.


folic acids

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


pyrrolidinopiperidine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused pyrrolidine and piperidine rings.


Indoles

Any compound containing an indole skeleton.


cholestanoic acid

Any steroid acid based on a cholestane skeleton.


benzodioxine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused benzene and dioxine rings.


17alpha-hydroxy steroid

The alpha-stereoisomer of 17-hydroxy steroid.


dihydrofolic acids

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 7,8-dihydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


phenanthrenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


A steroid compound with a structure based on a 19-carbon (androstane) skeleton.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.


A steroid that has a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure.


Any C21-steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 21.


(R,S,S,S)-nebivolol

A 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] that has (1S,1'S,2R,2'S)-configuration.


Any aminopurine having the amino substituent at the 2-position.


4-hydroxy steroid

Any steroid bearing a 4-hydroxy substituent.


1-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid having a hydroxy group located at position 1.


anthracenes

Compounds containing an anthracene skeleton.


uric acid

An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.


R-epinastine

An epinastine that has R configuration at the chiral centre.


spiroketal

A cyclic ketal in which the ketal carbon is the only common atom of two rings.


benzisoxazole

Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.


ortho-fused heteroarene

An ortho-fused compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one heteroatom.


naphthohydroquinone

A hydroxynaphthalene that is naphthalene-1,4-diol and its C-substituted derivatives.


A menaquinol having a side chain composed of nine isoprenoid units.


alkyloxynaphthalene

Naphthalenes in which one or more alkyloxy groups are bonded to a naphthalene ring system.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of eleven isoprenoid units.


5beta steroid

Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5.


Any C21-steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 17alpha-position. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure.


digoxigenin 3,12-diacetate

A steroid ester that is the 3,12-diacetyl derivative of digoxigenin.


phthalimides

A dicarboximide that is phthalimide or derivatives obtained from it by the formal replacement of one or more hydrogens.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of seven isoprenoid units.


S-epinastine

An epinastine that has S configuration at the chiral centre.


2-hydroxy steroid

Any  hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.


(R)-dyspropterin

A dyspropterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.


N-acylindole

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the nitrogen of an indole.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of six isoprenoid units.


steroid hormone

Any steroid that acts as hormone.


fluorinated steroid

A steroid which is substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 11beta-hydroxy substituent.


hydroxycoumarin

Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.


corticosteroid

A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.


cholestanoid

Any steroid based on a cholestane skeleton and its derivatives.


gitoxigenin 3-acetate

A steroid ester that is the 3-acetyl derivative of gitoxigenin.


7alpha-hydroxy steroid

A 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has an alpha-configuration.


Any compound having 6-aminopurine (adenine) as part of its structure.


1,8-naphthyridine derivative

Any naphthyridine derivative that is a derivative of 1,8-naphthyridine.


pterocarpans

Members of the class of benzofurochromene with a 6a,11a-dihydro-6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. They generally bear structural resemblance to isoflavanoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. They are the 3,4-dihydroderivatives of coumestans.


epoxy steroid

Any steroid whose structure includes an epoxy group.


An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.


aza-steroid

An aza-steroid is a steroid where in the carbon skeleton a carbon atom is replaced by nitrogen.


hydroxynaphthalene

Any member of the class of  naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.


coumestans

Members of the class of benzofurochromene with a 6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. They are the 3,4-didehydroderivatives of pterocarpans.


tetracyclic antidepressant

An antidepressant whose molecular structure consists of four ring-like structures in a T-shape.


ortho-fused compound

A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms.


pyridopyrimidine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a pyridine ring ortho-fused at any position to a pyrimidine ring.


Compounds based on a fused 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.


A fluorescent dye having an absorption wavelength of 580 nm and an emission wavelength of 601 nm, derived from a xanthene-based heteroheptacycle.


flavan

The simplest member of the class of flavans that is chromane substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.


homoflavonoid

Any organic heteropolycyclic compound characterized by addition of an extra carbon atom to the C6-C3-C6 backbone of the flavonoid skeleton. They are commonly found in the genus Ophioglossum.


steroid

Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene.


spiro compound

A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.


16beta-hydroxy steroid

A 16-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 16 has a beta-configuration.


8-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid having a hydroxy group located at position 8.


14beta-hydroxy steroid

A 14-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group has a beta-configuration.


7-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7.


benzimidazoles

An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.


benzazepine

A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to an azepine ring.


(S)-dyphylline

The (S)-enantiomer of dyphylline.


stigmastane derivative

Any steroid (or derivative) based on a stigmastane skeleton.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of ten isoprenoid units.


flavonoid oligomer

A phenylpropanoid obtained by the coupling of two or more units of aryl-substituted benzopyran units and their substituted derivatives.


An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and a methyl group at position 11.


benzodiazepine

A group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


naphthalenediol

A class of naphthalenediols that consists solely of naphthelene with any two of its hydrogens replaced by hydroxy groups. A 'closed class'.


hexahydronaphthalenes

Any carbobycyclic compound that is an hexahydronaphthalene or a compound obtained from an hexahydronaphthalene by formal substitution of one or more hydrogens.


azaspiro compound

An azaspiro compound is a spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is a nitrogen heterocyle.


9-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid having a hydroxy group located at position 9.


pyrimidopyrimidine

An organic heterobicyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of two pyrimidine rings that are ortho-fused to each other at any position.


naphthyridine derivative

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound that is a derivative of a naphthyridine.


cinnolines

Any  organic heteropolycyclic compound based on the 1,2-diaza analogue of naphthalene and its substituted derivatives.


5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid

A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.


2alpha-hydroxy steroid

A 2-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has an alpha-configuration.


Any dihydroxypteridine in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 2 and 4.


26-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid in which a hydroxy group is located at position 26.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.


biflavonoid

A flavonoid oligomer that is obtained by the oxidative coupling of at least two units of aryl-substituted benzopyran rings or its substituted derivatives, resulting in the two ring systems being joined together by a single atom or bond.


A tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamic acid) macromolecule in which the glutamic acid residues all have L-configuration.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of thirteen isoprenoid units.


tryptamines

Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of eight isoprenoid units.


purine nucleobase

A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from purine.


tetrahydrofolic acid

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


biopterin

A pterin derivative that consists of pterin bearing amino, oxo and 1,2-dihydroxypropyl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 respectively. The parent of the class of biopterins; the L-erythro isomer occurs widely in nature.


aminocoumarin

Any coumarin carrying at least one amino substituent.


oxaspiro compound

A spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is an oxygen heterocyle.


thienopyridine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton results from the formal ortho-fusion of any bond of a pyridine with any bond of a thiophene.


7beta-hydroxy steroid

A 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has beta-configuration.


A 16beta-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-16beta-ol substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.


aminopurine

Any purine having at least one amino substituent.


carbobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon.


penams

Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified.


steroid acid

Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of twelve isoprenoid units.


furofuran

Organic heterobicyclic compounds containing a two furan rings ortho-fused to each other.


An indan-1-ol in which the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has S configuration.


oxa-steroid

A steroid where in the carbon skeleton a carbon atom is replaced by oxygen.


A cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol with a (1S,2R)-configuration.


A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of four isoprenoid units.


dimethylnaphthalene

Any member of the class of  naphthalenes carrying two methyl groups at unspecified positions.


carbotricyclic compound

A carbopolyclic compound comprising of three carbocyclic rings.


carbacephem

Any member of a group of synthetic antibiotics, similar to cephems but with carbon substituted for the sulfur; all possessing an acylated amine functionality at C-6 and (S,R) stereochemistry at C-6 and C-7.


Delta(14) steroid

Any steroid that contains a double bond between positions 14 and 15.


(6S)-10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid

A 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid that has S-configuration at position 6.


chromones

A chromenone that consists of a 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


dihydronaphthalenes

Any carbobycyclic compound that is a dihydronaphthalene or a compound obtained from a dihydronaphthalene by formal substitution of one or more hydrogens.


carbopolycyclic compound

A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.


bridged compound

A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two or more atoms in common.


polycyclic arene

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


11beta-hydroxy steroid

Any 11-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has beta- configuration.


chromenochromene

Any organic heteroolycyclic compound whose skeleton two ortho-fused chromene rings, and their derivatives.


tetrahydrochromenochromene

Any chromenochromene resulting from the formal cis-fusion of two dihydro chromene rings, together with their substituted derivatives.


The cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol with a (1R,2S)-configuration.


(S,R,R,R)-nebivolol

A 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] that has (1R,1'R,2R,2'S)-configuration.


flavans

Any flavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


methoxynaphthalene

Any alkyloxynaphthalene bearing one or more methoxy substituents.


C21-steroid hormone

A steroid compound with a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton that acts as a hormone.


neoflavonoid

Any 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 4. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


ecdysteroid

A class of steroids that include insect moulting and sex hormones.


17-hydroxy steroid

A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 17.


Any member of the class of coumarins that contains a 7-amino-2H-chromen-2-one skeleton.


benzofurochromene

An organic heteropolycyclic compound whose skeleton consists of a chromene ring fused onto a 1-benzofuran ring, together with their substituted derivatives.


heteropolycyclic compound

A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.


methylindole

Any member of the class of indoles carrying one or more methyl substituents.


methyladenine

Any member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine bearing a single methyl substituent.


xanthene dye

A dye derived by condensation of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol (and derivatives) or m-aminophenol (and derivatives).


purines

A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives.


(R)-dyphylline

The (R)-enantiomer of dyphylline.


Any member of the class of pteridines in which the the pteridine ring has been reduced by the formal addition of one molecule of hydrogen to positions 6 and 7.


oxindoles

Any member of the class of indolones whose structure is based on an oxindole (2-indolone) skeleton.


20-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid that in which the steroid skeleton contains a hydroxy substituent at position 20.


imidazotetrazine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused imidazole and tetrazine rings.


catechin

Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


benzofuran antifungal drug

Any member of the class of benzofurans which has been used as an antifungal drug.


Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the O atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


6beta-hydroxy steroid

Any 6-hydroxy steroid in which the 6-hydroxy substituent has beta-configuration.


16-hydroxy steroid

Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 16.


tetralins

Compounds containing a tetralin skeleton.


cephalosporin

A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring.  Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy.


A benzothiazole consisting of a benzene ring fused to an isothiazole.


N-[3-carbamoyl-5-[diethylamino(oxo)methyl]-4-methyl-2-thiophenyl]carbamic acid methyl ester


anthracycline antibiotic

An organic compound that has a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine and which exhibits antibiotic activity.


aspartic acid derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of aspartic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of aspartic acid by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing aspartic acid residues.


D-aspartic acid derivative

A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from the formal reaction of D-aspartic acid at the amino group or either carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-aspartic acid by a heteroatom.


L-aspartic acid derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-aspartic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-aspartic acid by a heteroatom.


A melanin pigment produced by certain fungi. It plays important roles in UV protection, oxidative stress and pathogenesis. In Aspergillus fumigatus, it is used as a virulence factor and plays an important role in the survival of the fungus during unfavorable conditions both in vivo and in vitro, and protects it from the host immune system. The pigment is generally synthesised from the pentaketide pathway in which 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene is the immediate precursor which is polymerized to 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin by a laccase enzyme.


dehydroamino acid

An amino acid derivative that is an amino acid whose side-chain has undergone formal dehydrogenation.


2,3-dehydroamino acid

A dehydroamino acid whose side-chain contains a double bond at the 2-3 position.


organic heterocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.


delta-lactam

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a six-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.


yaequinolone D

Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86


aminoquinoline

Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups.


uranidine

A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, and 8. It is isolated from the sponge Aplysina aerophoba.


bipyridines

Compounds containing a bipyridine group.


quinolines

A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.


5-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-4-oxo-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester


A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4.


biphenylyltetrazole

A member of the class of biphenyls that consists of a biphenyl ring system substituted by a tetrazole ring at an unspecified position.


triazoles

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.


A member of the class of  2,2'-bithiophenes that is 2,2'-bithiophene substituted by a 3-buten-1-ynyl group at position 5.


(S)-oxamniquine

A {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol that has S configuration.


An N-glycosyl compound that consists of any triazole having a glycosyl residue attached at position 1.


metalloprotoporphyrin

A metal--protoporphyrin coordination complex.


arene epoxide

Any epoxide formally derived from an arene by the 1,2 addition of an oxygen atom to a double bond.


polypyrrole

A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units.


coproporphyrin

A member of the class of porphyrins obtained during the heme biosynthesis in humans.


morphinane-like compound

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the  morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects.


tetrapyrrole

A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


beta-lactam antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring.


azole

Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.


fluoroquinolone antibiotic

An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic containing a quinolone (or quinolone-like) moiety and which have a fluorine atom attached to the central ring system.


yaequinolone C

Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86


(S)-bendroflumethiazide

The (S)-enantiomer of bendroflumethiazide.


nucleobase-containing molecular entity

Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part.


A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


aminoimidazole

Any member of the class of  imidazoles carrying at least one amino substituent.


penigequinolone B

Published in DOI:10.1038/ja.2006.86