Stage III Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T1: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades urethral subepithelial connective tissue immediately underlying the urothelium. T2: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus spongiosum, periurethral muscle. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades the prostatic stroma surrounding ducts either by direct extension from the urothelial surface or by invasion from prostatic ducts. T3: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Tumor invades any of the following: corpus cavernosum, anterior vagina. For prostatic urethra: Tumor invades the periprostatic fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the inguinal region or true pelvis [perivesical, obturator, internal (hypogastric) and external iliac], or presacral lymph node. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

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Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph node measuring 0.2 mm or more) or any number of tumor deposits is present, and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


clear cell adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

A rare morphologic variant of gallbladder adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular epithelium with a predominance of glycogen rich clear cells.  The cells display hyperchromic nuclei and well-defined cytoplasmic borders.


Chronic inflammation

An inflammatory process characterized by the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the absence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.


Fetal Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A fetal affliction that has a neurological basis and manifests as a developmental disability.


Recurrent Anaplastic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Miserable Pain

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A sensation of discomfort or distress that renders an individual unable to find any happiness.


Stage I Vulvar Cancer

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia Expressing the T-Cell Receptor Gamma-Delta

An uncommon variant of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia expressing the gamma-delta T-cell receptor. Approximately 60% of these cases are CD8-positive and the remainder are CD4/CD8-negative.


Unresectable Low Grade Glioma

Low grade glioma that is not amenable to surgical removal.


Stage III Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G2 or G3. T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated, high grade. G3: Poorly differentiated, high grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Right Middle Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the right middle sternal border.


Pancreatic Enzymes Decreased

A laboratory test result which indicates decreased levels of pancreatic enzymes in a biologic specimen.


Nevoid Melanoma

A rare variant of cutaneous melanoma occurring mostly in adults in their fifth decade. Morphologically it resembles an ordinary compound or dermal nevus.


Stage I Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); IB (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to retina

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the retina from another anatomic site.


Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes, intraperitoneal disease, or lung, liver, or bone.  It excludes metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina, pelvic serosa, or adnexa). This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IB3 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Invasive cervical carcinoma equal or more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Cutaneous Mature B-Cell Neoplasm

A B-cell neoplasm that arises from the skin.


Prostate Melanoma

An exceptionally rare melanoma arising from the prostate gland.


Deep Lipoma

A benign well-circumscribed tumor, composed of mature adipocytes, that arises within deep soft tissues.


Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia

Fibrous dysplasia affecting the craniofacial bones.


Cardiac granuloma

A granuloma located in the myocardium.


Stage III Childhood Malignant Kidney Neoplasm Excluding Renal Cell Carcinoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Children's Oncology Group (COG) Protocol

Residual tumor or nonhematogenous metastases confined to abdomen. Involved abdominal nodes. Peritoneal contamination or tumor implant. Tumor spillage of any degree occurring before or during surgery. Gross residual tumor in abdomen. Biopsy of tumor (including fine-needle aspiration) prior to removal of kidney. Resection margins involved by tumor. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Elevated DKK1

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of DKK1 in a sample.


childhood round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusion

A round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusion that occurs during childhood.


Neonatal Spell

Cardiorespiratory events that are characterized by variable combinations of cessation of breathing, decrease in blood oxygen saturation, and decreased heart rate.


Stage IIA Esophagus Carcinoma

Stage IIA includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T2-3, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Upper, middle); (T2-3, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Lower, X).  For adenocarcinoma: (T2, N0, M0, G3).  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Leukopenia neonatal

Leukopenia that occurs in the neonatal period.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia recurrent

The reemergence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after a period of remission.


Unresectable Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia

A pre-cancerous, non-invasive pancreatic epithelial neoplasm that arises from and is confined to the pancreatic ducts.  It is a papillary or flat neoplasm that usually measures less than 5 mm in diameter.


Esophageal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of esophageal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Stage IIIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1b/N2, M0.  N1b: Macrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N2: In transit metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Recurrent Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

The reemergence of a myeloproliferative neoplasm after a period of remission.


Burn of axilla

A traumatic injury to the axilla resulting from exposure to caustic chemicals, extreme heat, extreme cold, or excessive radiation.


Sexual Aversion Disorder

A disorder characterized by recurrent or persistent extreme aversion to, and avoidance of, all genital contact with a sexual partner. The aversion to sexual contact is not attributable to another psychiatric disorder.


Gallbladder Tubular Carcinoid

A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the gallbladder.  It does not show the morphologic characteristics of typical carcinoid tumors (neoplastic cells forming solid nests). In contrast, the tumor cells form small discrete tubules.


Benign Thymoma

A thymoma that is completely surrounded by a capsule, without evidence of capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues, and metastases.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Childhood Osteoid Osteoma

An osteoid osteoma that occurs during childhood.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring equal or less than 5 mm in depth and equal or less than 7 mm in width. (FIGO 2009)


Primary Valvular Disorder

Heart disease that is primarily due to a valvular defect or abnormality. Valve disease that is felt to be significant but does not fulfill the definition for primary valvular heat disease is considered contributory valvular heart disease.


Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Childhood Benign Nervous System Neoplasm

A childhood neoplasm that arises from the nervous system and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Pelvic Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma

Undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma  involving the bones of the pelvis.


Marasmic kwashiorkor

Evidence of marasmic kwashiorkor.


Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance

A condition in which there is orthostatic intolerance lasting for at least three months with associated functional impairment. (ACC/AHA)


Renal hemangioma

A rare hemangioma arising from the kidney.


FIGO Grade 2 Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting 6-50% solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Recurrent Malignant Urinary System Neoplasm

Reemergence of a malignant urinary system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Iron deficiency without anemia

Subnormal concentrations of iron resulting from low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or increased iron loss; occurring in the absence of anemia.


Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0, G1-2, X); IB (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2, GX).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Acute Myocardial Injury without Ischemia, Heart Failure, Ventricular Dysfunction, or Myocarditis Related to COVID-19

Acute myocardial injury, without evidence of acute ischemia, heart failure, a newly reduced left or right ventricular ejection fraction, cardiogenic shock, or myocarditis in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Pathologic Stage IIIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0-1, M0, Any G). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced gastric carcinoma

Gastric carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to distal anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Unresectable Prostate Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Prostate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Cellulitis of pharynx

Cellulitis of the pharynx.


High grade cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of severe dysplastic changes.


Extrahepatic bile duct cancer stage III

Stage III includes: T4, Any N, M0.  T4: Tumor invades any of the following main portal vein or its branches bilaterally, common hepatic artery, or other adjacent structures, such as the colon, stomach, duodenum, or abdominal wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Cerebellar Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the cerebellum.


Lymphoma by Lukes-Collins Classification (Antiquated)


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of morphologically malignant cells lining the acini and ducts.  The malignant cells are enlarged, contain prominent nucleoli, and have increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio.  The malignant cells may grow within the ducts and acini in four architectural patterns: flat, tufting, micropapillary, and cribriform.  The presence of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in needle biopsy is a risk factor for the subsequent detection of carcinoma on repeat biopsy.


Stage IV Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  N1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, B/T/Myeloid, Not Otherwise Specified

A very rare mixed phenotype acute leukemia in which the blasts show evidence of B-cell, T-cell, and myeloid lineage but are negative for KMT2A rearrangement and t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) translocation.


Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, High Grade

Bladder urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


EBV-Related Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A lymphoproliferative disorder that develops following organ transplantation and is associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.


Stage I Lentigo Maligna Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, without ulceration and mitosis less than 1/mm2.  T1b: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.0 mm or less in thickness, with ulceration or mitoses equal to or more than 1/mm2. T2a: Cutaneous melanoma with a tumor measuring 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, without ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Lacrimal Drainage System Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac. It is characterized by the presence of squamous cells, mucus producing cells, and cells of intermediate type.


Paratesticular tumor

A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the paratesticular structures.


Pathologic Stage III Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-4, N1a(sn) or N1a, M0); (T0, N1b, M0); IIIB: (T1-4, N1b-3, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1a(sn): Clinically occult regional lymph node metastasis identified only by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N1a: Clinically occult regional lymph node metastasis following lymph node dissection. N1b: Clinically and/or radiologically detected regional lymph node metastasis, microscopically confirmed. N2: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) without lymph node metastasis. N3: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) with lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hypothalamic Gangliocytoma

A tumor characterized by the presence of mature ganglion cells and neuronal differentiation, arising in the hypothalamus. It is often associated with the presence of pituitary gland adenomas. Symptoms include acromegaly and precocious puberty.


AIDS-Related Cervical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.


First-degree perineal laceration during delivery

Injury to perineal skin only. (reVITALize)


Emaciation

An extreme loss of muscle and subcutaneous fat that is caused by malnutrition, and which results in a severely thin (emaciated) appearance.


P1 Hydronephrosis

Postnatal Hydronephrosis with the following clinical findings: 1) APRPD is 10 to less than 15 mm, 2) central calyceal dilation may be present, but peripheral calyceal dilation is considered to increase risk, 3) renal parenchyma should have normal thickness and appearance, 4) the ureter is not seen, and 5) the bladder is normal. If there is central calyceal dilation but the APRPD is less than 10 mm, it is still considered UTD P1. (Adapted from: Hiep T. Nguyen, Carol B. Benson, Bryann Bromley, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Jeanne Chow, Beverly Coleman, Christopher Cooper, Jude Crino, Kassa Darge, C.D. Anthony Herndon, Anthony O. Odibo, Michael J.G. Somers, Deborah R. Stein; Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system); Pediatric Urology; December 2014 Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 982-998)


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(4;11)(q21.3;q23.3); AFF1-KMT2A

An acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(4;11)(q21.3;q23.3) resulting in AFF1-KMT2A gene fusion.


Psoriatic arthritis with distal interphalangeal joint involvement

Psoriatic arthritis with a particular pattern of involvement that affects the joints closest to the nails in both fingers and toes.


Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy caused by mutation(s) in the TTR gene, encoding transthyretin.


Aerodigestive Invasive Malignancy

A finding indicating the presence of an invasive malignant neoplasm involving the respiratory tract and the upper digestive tract.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with BCOR-RARA

Acute myeloid leukemia with variant RARA rearrangement and expression of BCOR-RARA fusion protein.


Childhood Endocrine Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells of an endocrine organ during childhood.


Stage IA Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia CNS-Positive Toronto Guidelines v2

Clinical signs of CNS involvement or blasts in CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Substance Intoxication Delirium

A disorder characterized by the acute and sudden development of changes in attention, memory, language and/or perception that can be etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequences of substance intoxication.


Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa (direct extension or metastasis). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cutaneous Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm

A myeloid or lymphoid cell neoplasm involving the skin.


Adult Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

An undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma that arises from the bone and occurs during adulthood.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with SRSF2 Mutation

An acute myeloid leukemia associated with SRSF2 gene mutation.


Stage IV Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: T1-T3, N3, M0-M1. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). T3: Tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/proximal two-thirds of the urethra, upper/proximal two-thirds of the vagina, bladder mucosa, or rectal mucosa; or fixed to pelvic bone. N3: Fixed or ulcerated regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Lymphoma

Lymphoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


High Grade Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that is high grade.


Conditioned Insomnia

Insomnia that results from a developed tendency to not sleep well under particular conditions.


Broad Ligament Serous Cystadenoma

A rare serous cystadenoma arising from the broad ligament.


Childhood Dermal Nevus

A dermal nevus that occurs during childhood.


Adenocarcinoma in situ in villous adenoma

A non-invasive adenocarcinoma arising from a villous adenoma.


Childhood Gemistocytic Astrocytoma

A gemistocytic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Vaginal Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

Vaginal adenocarcinoma that derives from Wolffian duct remnants and shows mesonephric differentiation.


FIGO Stage IIB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Adult Acquired Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis acquired in adulthood.


High Grade Sarcoma

A sarcoma with the morphologic features of a high grade tumor and lack of differentiation.


Infusion Related Toxicity

Toxicity related to an infusion.


Locally Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant neoplasm after a period of remission at the site of the original tumor or adjacent to it.


Pediatric Obesity

A condition in which a child's body mass index (BMI) falls at or above the 95th percentile based on the normative values for the age and sex of the reference population.


Cerebellar Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that occurs in the cerebellum.


Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by ROSE Cluster

Unique gene expression-based patient cluster groups in high-risk B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia determined by Recognition of Outliers by Sampling Ends (ROSE).


Bilateral Proliferative Retinopathy

Proliferative retinopathy occurring in both eyes.


Stage IVB Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0). Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Umbilical hernia without mention of obstruction or gangrene

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall, at the site of the umbilicus, without mention of obstruction or necrosis of the herniated contents.


Locally Advanced Cervical Adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Non-small cell carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the absence of neoplastic small epithelial cells. A representative example is the lung non-small cell carcinoma.


Tumors Derived from Langerhans Cells

This category includes two main sub-groups, according to the degree of cytological atypia and clinical aggressiveness: Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Langerhans cell sarcoma. (WHO 2017)


Racial Melanosis

A benign conjunctival finding noted especially among darker pigmented individuals. While it is typically found perilimbally and bilaterally, it can also cover the conjunctivae extensively and may present asymmetrically. The flat, non-cystic pigmentation may increase in size with age. It is rare to have this finding evolve into conjunctival melanoma.


Broad Ligament Wolffian Tumor

An epithelial neoplasm of Wolffian (mesonephric) origin arising from the broad ligament. Most tumors behave in a benign fashion.


Pathologic Stage IIID Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIID includes: T4b, N3a/b/c, M0. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N3a: Four or more clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3b: Four or more nodal metastases, at least one of which was clinically detected, or presence of any number of matted nodes. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3c: Two or more clinically occult nodal metastases. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with PML-RARA

The reemergence of acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2); PML-RARA after a period of remission.


Stage M3 Childhood Ependymoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Visible metastasis in spine or visible metastasis in cervicomedullary junction. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm that arises from the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, or appendix.


Idiopathic Dysplasia of Uncertain Significance

Prominent hematopoietic cell dysplasia with mild or absent cytopenia. It may progress to an overt myelodysplastic syndrome or other myeloid neoplasms such as acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasm, or mast cell disorder.


Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

A category of psychiatric disorders characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations or negative symptoms such as affective flattening.


Tubal Hyperplasia

Benign proliferation of the fallopian tube epithelium.


acute combined systolic and diastolic congestive heart failure

Acute congestive heart failure due to reduced contractility of the left ventricle and which does not fill properly due to decreased compliance.


Abnormal Finding

A decision that an observation or result is outside the parameters considered normal.


Trichilemmal carcinoma

A rare malignant tumor arising from the outer hair sheath and infundibulum on the face. It is considered the malignant counterpart of tricholemmoma. Complete surgical excision is required.


Stage IIIB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T1/T2, N2a/N2b, M0).  T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  N2a: Vulvar cancer with three or more lymph node metastases each measuring 5 mm or less.  N2b: Vulvar cancer with two or more lymph node metastases measuring 5 mm or greater.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Low Grade Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A gastric intraepithelial lesion characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with mild cytologic atypia, mild architectural changes, and low number of mitotic figures.


Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Lymphomatoid Papulosis-Like Histology

An anaplastic large cell lymphoma characterized by the presence of histopathologic features reminiscent of lymphomatoid papulosis. These features include the presence of Hodgkin-like cells in a background of acute and chronic inflammation.


Hodgkin's disease, lymphocytic depletion of lymph nodes of multiple sites

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage III

Stage III includes: T3a-b, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason.  cT3a: Tumor with extracapsular extension (unilateral or bilateral).  pT3a: Tumor with extraprostatic extension or microscopic invasion of bladder neck.  T3b: Tumor invades seminal vesicle(s).  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Erosion lesion

An eating away or breakdown of any type of external or internal human tissue including but not limited to skin, teeth, mucosa, or somatic, which involves only the outer tissue layer. When tissue surrounds an implanted device, the tissue breakdown may result in migration and loss of the implant material and may result in further complications such as infection or abscess.


Unresectable Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Fistula of the female genital organs

An abnormal communication between a female reproductive system organ and another organ or cavity.


Carcinoma Metastatic to the Skin

A carcinoma that has spread to the skin from its original site of gowth.


Testicular Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the testis.  Representative examples include infection, torsion, and infarction.


Abnormal Blood Prolactin

A laboratory test result which indicates abnormal levels of prolactin hormone in the blood.


Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Metastatic Melanoma

Metastatic melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IV Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA (Any T, N0, M1a, Any G); IVB (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pancreatic Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the pancreas.  It is characterized by marked hepatocellular differentiation.


Stage I Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi. T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Mammary duct ectasia

Dilatation of the lumen of the mammary ducts without evidence of epithelial atypia.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with idic(X)(q13)

Acute myeloid leukemia associated with isodicentric chromosome Xq13 [idic(X)(q13)].


Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

An infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the bladder that has not invaded into the bladder muscularis propria.


Non-Invasive Cribriform Carcinoma

A carcinoma characterized by the presence of a cribriform architectural pattern. There is no evidence of surrounding stromal invasion by the malignant cells.


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia with Eosinophilia Associated with t(5;12)(q31;p12)

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of eosinophilia, PDGFRB gene rearrangement, and t(5;12)(q31;p12).


Stage IVB Oral Cavity Verrucous Carcinoma


Creatinine Level Finding

A finding that indicates the amount of creatinine in a sample.


Stage IVA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: T4, N0-1, M0. T4: Tumor invading the main portal vein or hepatic artery or invading two or more extrahepatic organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to mutation(s) in the gene UCP2, encoding mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2, which plays a role in attenuating insulin secretion.


Supratentorial Ependymoma

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises from the supratentorial region of the brain. The diagnosis of supratentorial ependymoma should be made either when genetic analysis did not reveal a fusion gene involving ZFTA or YAP1 genes (not elsewhere classified -NEC) or when the genetic analysis was unsuccessful or not reported (not otherwise specified-NOS).


Pediatric Disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs during infancy, childhood, or adolescence.


Non-Neoplastic Anorectal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anus and rectum.


Columnar Cell Change of the Breast with Atypia

A columnar cell lesion characterized by the presence of enlarged terminal ductal lobular units with dilated acini.  The acini are lined by one or two layers of columnar epithelial cells.  Cytologic atypia is present.


Asymptomatic Inflammatory Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland that is not associated with any symptoms. It is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the prostatic fluid.


Extramural Nodule

A small aggregate of cells found in adipose tissues, particularly those attached to the colon where the architectural details of the lymph node cannot be identified with certainty under the microscope.  It may represent a lymph node completely replaced by metastatic cancer.


Complete unbalanced atrioventricular canal defect

Atrioventricular septal defect in which there is usually a single dominant ventricle and a hypoplastic ventricle.


Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infection

A cytomegalovirus infection that is resistant to treatment.


Liver Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


AIDS-Related Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

A diffuse large cell lymphoma developing in an HIV positive patient.


Recurrent Low Grade Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of low-grade endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Deletion of Chromosome 22 Associated Meningioma

A meningioma that is associated with deletion of chromosome 22.  This abnormality is the most consistent cytogenetic finding that is detected in meningiomas.


Mouth cyst

A cystic lesion located in the oral cavity.


Stage IB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T1, cN0, M0.  T1: Primary tumor equal or less than 2 cm in size.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis by clinical examination.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IV Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis.  (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Bone Schwannoma

A very rare schwannoma of the bone. It is often located in the mandible and is well circumscribed.


Esophageal dysplasia

A lesion that is characterized by architectural and cytologic abnormalities of the esophageal epithelium, and carries a predisposition for progression to invasive carcinoma.  Intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia) of the esophagus is graded as low or high grade.  In this two-tier system, severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ are included under the rubric of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and may have the same clinical implications.  (WHO, 2000)


Melanocytic matricoma

A rare benign pilar tumor with numerous intratumoral pigmented dendritic melanocytes. It typically affects elderly men. The most common location is the head and neck, followed by the trunk and the limbs. It manifests as a small, pigmented, purple or brownish-black papule or nodule. (WHO 2018)


Stage II Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage II

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in a with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Lower Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left lower sternal border.


Childhood Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that occurs during childhood.


Infant Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia

An acute undifferentiated leukemia that occurs in infancy.


Acute gastritis

Acute inflammation of the stomach.


Stage IIIA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a, N1, M0); (T3b, N1, M0). T1a: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi. T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. T3a: Tumor directly invading the pancreas (up to 0.5 cm). T3b: Tumor extending more than 0.5 cm into the pancreas, or extending into peripancreatic tissue or duodenal serosa without involvement of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery. N1: Metastasis to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Argentaffinoma

A carcinoid tumor that shows atypical characteristics and has borderline malignant potential.


Closed dislocation

A dislocation not complicated by an external wound


Sickle Beta 0 Thalassemia

A form of sickle cell thalassemia characterized by the absence of hemoglobin A. Patients usually have severe anemia identical to that seen in sickle cell disease.


Unresectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia without MLL Gene Rearrangement

An acute lymphoblastic leukemia without rearrangement of the KMT2A gene that occurs in infancy.


Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Not Otherwise Specified without Dysplasia

A premalignant hematologic condition characterized by cytopenia and absence of bone marrow dysplasia. There are less than 5% blasts in bone marrow and less than 2% blasts in peripheral blood.


Malposition of uterus

Orientation of the uterus in an unusual anatomic location or position.


Refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Stage III Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA1: T1/2, N1, M0; IIIA2: T3a, N0/N1, M0; IIIB: T3b, N0/N1, M0; IIIC: T3c, N0/N1, M0. T1: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube(s). T2: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor involving fallopian tubes with pelvic extension below pelvic brim. T3a: Fallopian tube cancer with microscopic extrapelvic (above the pelvic brim) peritoneal involvement with or without positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes. T3b: Fallopian tube cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. T3c: Fallopian tube cancer with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond the pelvis more than 2 cm in greatest dimension with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes (includes extension of tumor to capsule of liver and spleen without parenchymal involvement of either organ). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Type II Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in which the pulmonary veins drain into the right atrium via the coronary sinus.


Taste Disorders

Conditions characterized by an alteration in the ability to perceive taste.


Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4-Alpha Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to mutation(s) in the gene HNF4A, encoding the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha. This condition may progress to diabetes later in life.


Lateral developmental cyst of jaw

A developmental odontogenic cyst lined by non-keratinized epithelium, occurring on the lateral aspect or between the roots of erupted teeth. (WHO 2017)


Cystine urolithiasis

Urolithiasis in which the composition of the stones is predominantly cystine.


Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis and ureter cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to renal pelvis and ureter urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, including histologic variants micropapillary and nested subtypes. It does not apply to renal cell carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), renal medullary carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), collecting duct carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney),  lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mesenchymal tumors (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Megacystis - Megaureter

A condition characterized by a large capacity, thin-walled bladder and megaureter(s).


Condyloma Acuminatum with Dysplasia

Condyloma acuminatum that is associated with the presence of dysplastic epithelial changes.


Adenoma, Trabecular

A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of a trabecular glandular architectural pattern.


Recurrent Adult Brain Neoplasm

The reemergence of brain neoplasm in adulthood after a period of remission.


Stage 0is Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0is includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Carcinoma in situ. For prostatic urethra: Carcinoma in situ involving the prostatic urethra or periurethral or prostatic ducts without stromal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma in villous adenoma

A non-invasive or invasive adenocarcinoma arising from a villous adenoma.


Advanced Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal canal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IB Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


FIGO Stage IIIA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Paratesticular Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

An exceedingly rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the paratesticular structures. It is characterized by the presence of columnar, hobnail, and polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm.


Acquired Cataract

Cataract that results from the aging process, an injury, or as a manifestation of a systemic disorder.


Stage IIIC1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with pelvic lymph node metastasis only. (FIGO 2018)


Recurrent Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

The reemergence of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma after a period of remission.


Invasive Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma

Invasive urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with plasmacytoid features.


Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Ampulla of Vater Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

A very rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater.  It is usually of the intestinal type and is characterized by the presence of malignant polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm resembling hepatocytes.


Stage IA Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Bladder Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

A rare bladder adenocarcinoma with the histologic characteristics of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.


Lymphoma stage II

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Appendix Tubular Carcinoid

A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the appendix.  It does not show the morphologic characteristics of typical carcinoid tumors (neoplastic cells forming solid nests). In contrast, the tumor cells form small discrete tubules.


Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis

Slowly progressive systemic mastocytosis with uncertain prognosis. It is characterized by organomegaly and absence of aggressive disease.


Fibrolipoma

A benign well-circumscribed tumor composed of mature adipocytes, characterized by areas of abundant fibrous tissue.


Stage IIA Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (Any pT/TX, N1, M0, S0); (Any pT/TX, N1, M0, S1). TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. S1: LDH less than 1.5 x N and hCG (mlU/mL) less than 5,000 and AFP (ng/mL) less than 1,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Benign Skin Melanocytic Nevus

A circumscribed proliferation of melanocytes in the skin that occurs during childhood. It is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for adult Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor has involved (biopsy-proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum, or has spread to adjacent organs. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Placental site nodule

A non-neoplastic trophoblastic disorder characterized by the presence of remnants of intermediate trophoblasts in the uterine cavity and infrequently the fallopian tube from a previous pregnancy.


Congenital anomaly of eyelid

The abnormal formation of the eyelid that is present at the time of birth.


Prostate Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

An invasive prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells that exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation.


Body Fluid Leakage

The loss of any normal body fluid into the surrounding tissue or body cavity.


Childhood Malignant Kidney Neoplasm Excluding Renal Cell Carcinoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Children's Oncology Group (COG) Protocol

A term that refers to the staging of childhood malignant kidney neoplasms excluding renal cell carcinoma, according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2, Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocol. It is based on findings at surgery for patients who have not received chemotherapy prior to surgery. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Congenital postural scoliosis

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine that is present at birth.


Rhabdomyolysis Related to COVID-19

Rhabdomyolysis in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Cellular Blue Nevus

A blue nevus characterized by a multinodular cellular infiltrate with a dumb-bell architecture occupying the reticular dermis. The cellular infiltrate often extends into the subcutaneous tissue. The cellular infiltrate is composed of spindle-shaped melanocytes with pale cytoplasm alternating with bundles of pigmented spindle-shaped melanocytes. In occasional cases an increased mitotic activity, focal necrosis, and nuclear pleomorphism may be seen. Such cases with atypical features may have an uncertain malignant potential.


Elevated CA19-9

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of an increased level of the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) CA19-9 in a biological sample.


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Peritoneum

A carcinoma that has spread to the peritoneum from an adjacent or distal anatomic site.


Clinical Stage IV Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any cT, Any N, cM1 or pM1, Any H. cM1: Distant metastasis without microscopic confirmation. pM1: Distant metastasis with microscopic confirmation. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Rare Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A rare malignant solid neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Stage I Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Endometrial Transitional Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial transitional cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Low Grade Glioma

Low grade glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Oxyntic Gland Adenoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm composed of columnar cells with differentiation to chief cells, parietal cells, or both, with a high rate of progression to adenocarcinoma (submucosal invasion). (WHO 2019)


Adult Non-T Non-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Non-T non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


Stage IIB Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Stomach: tumor penetrates subserosa; jejunum/ileum: tumor invades through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa or invades into non-peritonealized tissues; ampulla/duodenum: tumor invades pancreas or retroperitoneum or into non-peritonealized tissues; colon or rectum: tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Non-Obstructed Non-Refluxing Megaureter

A megaureter in which there is no obstruction at the ureterovesical junction and no vesicoureteral reflux.


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage IV

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Resectable Melanoma

Melanoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with an Undifferentiated Carcinomatous Component

A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of a component with undifferentiated malignant cells.


Stage III Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and is less than or equal to 1 cm in size. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or is greater than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lugano Classification Stage I Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymphatic site (i.e., nodal region, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, BCR-ABL1 Negative

A myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the absence of Philadelphia chromosome and BCR-ABL1 fusion gene expression. This group includes polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis.


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer

Stage IB2 includes: T1b2, N0, M0.  T1b2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


High Grade Esophageal Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal glandular epithelium.


Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by a pattern of indirect expression of hostility, including negativistic attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance in social and occupational situations.


Refractory Sarcoma

A sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Esophageal mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the esophagus.


Transferase Deficiency Galactosemia

A disorder characterized by the body's inability to metabolize galactose. This type of galactosemia is caused by germline mutations in the GALT gene which leads to the inhibition in the activity of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase.


Radiating Chest Pain in Back

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the back.


BCOR ITD sarcoma

A group of rare primitive round cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of BCOR internal tandem duplication. This genetic alteration has been described in infantile undifferentiated round cell sarcomas and primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumors of infancy.


Refractory Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis that does not respond to treatment.


Urinary Tract Fistula

An abnormal communication between any part of the urinary system and another organ or cavity.


Refractory Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Mast Cell Leukemia Associated with Another Hematological Neoplasm

Mast cell leukemia associated with another clonal non-mast cell myeloid neoplasm (e.g., myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, and acute myeloid leukemia).


Extrahepatic bile duct cancer stage I

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor confined to the bile duct histologically.  T2: Tumor invades beyond the wall of the bile duct.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 2. T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease

Graft versus host disease occurring in the eye.


Liver Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An extremely rare neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: Tumor invades one-half or more of the myometrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pancreatobiliary Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas, bile ducts, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater.


Refractory Acute Bilineal Leukemia

Acute bilineal leukemia that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Endometrial Carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment


Brain Damage, Chronic

Encephalopathy that is persistent or long-standing in nature.


Disorder by Site

A term that refers to the classification of a disorder according to the anatomic site that is involved in the pathologic process.


Jejunal fistula

An abnormal communication between the jejunum and another organ or cavity.


Locally Advanced Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Malignant Lymphoma Follicular, Large Noncleaved Cell Type


Symmetric Chest Appearance

Inspection of the region of the anterior surface of the chest and epigastrium reveals an approximate correspondence of form and constituent configuration on opposite sides of a vertical central dividing line.


Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Childhood Fibrillary Astrocytoma

A fibrillary astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Cervical Florid Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

A dense, superficial benign lymphoid cell proliferation in the cervix. It almost always occurs in premenopausal women. It is composed of a mixture of large and small lymphocytes including immunoblasts. Plasma cells and neutrophils are also present. Immunohistochemical studies reveal a mixture of B and T lymphocytes, and polytypic plasma cells.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to ureter

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the ureter from another anatomic site.


Lugano Classification Stage IE Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IE: Single extralymphatic site in the absence of nodal involvement (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Resectable Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Venous Thrombosis Related to Vascular Access Complication

The formation of a thrombus in the vein as a direct result of an activity associated with vascular access.


Adult Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that occurs during adulthood.


Radial scar

A benign breast lesion characterized by the presence of fibrosis with stellate appearance in the parenchyma.  The lesions are often multiple and bilateral.  Grossly, the lesions are irregular and firm and resemble carcinoma.  Microscopically, the stellate lesions are composed of dense, hyalinized collagen.  Entrapped in the collagen are tubules.  There is no evidence of cytologic atypia.


Non-Encapsulated Neoplasm

A neoplasm that is non-capsulated.


Cranial Nerve Injuries

Injury to, or disease of, the cranial nerve


Human Papillomavirus-Related Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Adnexal mass

An abnormal growth in the ovary, fallopian tube, or surrounding connective tissue.


Non-ischemic Stroke

Any stroke that is not related to an obstructed blood vessel.


Recurrent Malignant Supratentorial Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant supratentorial neoplasm after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Miniature Adult Form of AHC

An autosomal recessive or sporadic form of adrenal hypoplasia congenita frequently associated with central nervous system anomalies including anencephaly and pituitary defects. Histologically the adrenal gland is distinguished by the absence of fetal adrenal cortex and the presence of a small amount of normal, permanent adult adrenal cortex.


Congenital Coronary Artery Abnormality

A congenital condition referring to defects of the course and structure of the coronary arteries.


Adult Benign Cerebellar Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the cerebellum occurring in adults.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with Small Nonvillous Papillae


Stage IB Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0, G1 or GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1 or GX). T2: Tumor measuring more than 8 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G1: Well differentiated, low grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic basal cell carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the basal cells and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage III Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor extending to pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of vagina, and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. The pelvic sidewall is defined as the muscle, fascia, neurovascular structures, and skeletal portions of the bony pelvis. Cases with no cancer-free space between the tumor and pelvic wall by rectal examination are FIGO III. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Agenesis

A congenital abnormality resulting in the absence of an anatomical structure.


Stage I Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

The carcinoma is strictly confined to the cervix (extension to the uterine corpus should be disregarded). (FIGO 2018)


Grade II Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia


Recurrent Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia

The reemergence of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that occurs during childhood.


Locally Advanced Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Deformity

An anatomic abnormality that is either present at birth or appears later in life.


Indolent NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Gastrointestinal Tract

An indolent lymphoproliferative disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract. The neoplastic lymphocytes have the typical phenotype of NK-cells, are of medium to large size, show mild pleomorphism, and are EBV infection negative. Features that characterize extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas (e.g., angioinvasion and angiodestruction) are not present.


Stage IV Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Methotrexate-Associated Lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that develops in patients who are immunosuppressed with methotrexate.


Transitory tachypnea of newborn

A respiratory disorder characterized by higher than normal respiratory rates among premature and cesarean section delivered neonates whose lungs have not fully matured. The cause is often excess fluid in the lungs, and resolution is aided by supplemental oxygen and sometimes, antibiotics.


Colonization

The presence of microorganisms (not contamination) on a body surface, including the skin and mucosal surfaces (e.g., respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts). Colonization implies the lack of signs or symptoms of infection but often precedes infection.


Systemic lupus erythematosus, childhood onset

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosed in individuals under the age of eighteen. Children frequently have multi-organ involvement and acute disease onset. Symptoms include fever, arthritis, skin lesions, anemia, and fatigue.


Early T Precursor Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in which the blasts have unique immunophenotypic and genetic characteristics suggesting only limited early T-cell differentiation.


Posterior Fossa Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the posterior cranial fossa. Examples include meningiomas and medulloblastomas.


Recurrent Atypical Meningioma

The reemergence of atypical meningioma after a period of remission.


Transient Myocardial Dysfunction of Newborn

A condition in a newborn characterized by a temporary decrease in right ventricular and/or left ventricular output.


Hutch diverticulum

A congenital out pouching of the bladder involving the ureteral hiatus.


Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance associated with obesity, which may be attributed in part to impaired insulin signaling in target tissues, or impaired insulin-stimulated glucose transport due to reduced expression of the glucose transporter protein 4.


Childhood Non-Ossifying Fibroma

A non-ossifying fibroma that occurs during childhood.


Clinical Stage IIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lymphoma, EBV-associated

Lymphoma that is caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection.


Stage I Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Increased Time To Peak Drug Blood Concentration

Increased period of time required for the concentration or amount of drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one-half of a given concentration or amount.


Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma 2

An autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CDKN2A gene, encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A. The condition is characterized by cutaneous malignant melanoma associated with this genetic alteration.


Stage IVA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (Any T, N0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b, G1). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M1a: Intraperitoneal acellular mucin, without identifiable tumor cells in the disseminated peritoneal mucinous deposits. M1b: Intraperitoneal metastasis only, including peritoneal mucinous deposits containing tumor cells. G1: Well differentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chest Pain in Lower Sternum

The location of the chest pain is in the lower portion of the sternum.


Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Deficiency

Reduced or absent function of the receptor for follicle stimulating hormone associated with a mutation in the FSHR gene.


Adult L2 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


Central Nervous System SMARCB1/INI1-Deficient Tumor

A group of SMARCB1/INI1 deficient tumors that arise from the central nervous system. It includes highly aggressive and slow-growing tumors.


Clinical Stage 0 Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: High-grade dysplasia, defined as malignant cells confined to the epithelium by the basement membrane. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Malignant Lymphoma by Cell Type (Working Formulation)


Old Burn Scar-Related Cutaneous Melanoma

A cutaneous melanoma that arises in an old burn scar tissue.


Stage I Intermediate Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Reactive Vascular Proliferation

A non-neoplastic proliferation of vessels in reaction to a process.


Recurrent Platinum-Resistant Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

The reemergence of platinum-resistant fallopian tube carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IV Vulvar Cancer AJCC v6

Stage IV includes: IVA (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0); IVB (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades any of the following: upper urethra bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or is fixed to the pubic bone.  N2: Bilateral regional lymph node metastasis.  M1: distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis).  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Bladder Flat Urothelial Carcinoma

An in situ or invasive urothelial carcinoma that arises from the bladder wall and does not grow toward the hollow part of the bladder.


Intracranial Myeloid Sarcoma

A myeloid sarcoma that affects the meninges or the cerebral hemispheres.


High Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Squamous or glandular cervical intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplastic changes.


Stage IIIA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T1-T2, N1, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis with one or two lymph node metastases each less than 5 mm, or one lymph node metastasis equal to 5 mm. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Fibrosarcoma non-metastatic

Fibrosarcoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Cutaneous Neurocristic Hamartoma

A rare dermal and subcutaneous lesion that results from the aberrant development of neural crest-derived melanocytes.  It affects the head and neck with a predilection for the scalp.  It presents as a slowly enlarging multinodular plaque.  Morphologically is characterized by the presence of melanocytes and structures with schwannian differentiation in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.


Anorectal infection

An infectious process affecting the anal area and the rectum.


Unspecified idiopathic peripheral neuropathy

Neuropathy, the cause of which is not known.


Spotty/Minimal Hemorrhage

Small (<3mm) foci of hemorrhage within the tumor.


Oligometastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that has metastasized to a limited number of sites— existing in a state intermediate between localized disease and widespread metastatic disease.


Persistent Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis that never involves more than four separate joints after six months.


Locally Advanced Prostate Carcinoma

A prostatic carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Cervical Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the cervix. This category includes neuroendocrine tumor grade 1, neuroendocrine tumor grade 2, and neuroendocrine carcinoma (small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma).


Axillary Mass

An abnormal growth in the axilla.


Childhood Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that occurs during childhood.


Locally Advanced Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma

Non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor limited to the endometrium or invading less than half the myometrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Pediatric Viral Infection

A viral infection that occurs during infancy, childhood or adolescence.


Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Myocarditis

Myocarditis associated with the therapeutic use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor.


Meningeal Melanocytoma of Intermediate Grade

A circumscribed meningeal melanocytic neoplasm with bland histological features and increased mitotic activity or invasion of the central nervous system.


Pressing Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress from excess weight or pressure on a specific anatomical location.


Fetus Small for Gestational Age with Abdominal Circumference Less than Tenth Percentile

A fetus that does not grow beyond the 10th percentile of conventionally accepted weight for gestational age and whose abdominal circumference falls below the tenth percentile.


Dusky Mucosa

A finding indicating the presence of dark discoloration on the mucosal surface. It is associated with tissue necrosis.


Refractory Abdominal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An abdominal neuroendocrine neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Vaginal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A rare, aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant cytoplasm, large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli.


Childhood Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

A diffuse large cell lymphoma occurring in children.


Recurrent Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Lymphoproliferative Disease with Primary Immunodeficiency

The reemergence of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease with primary immunodeficiency after a period of remission.


Retinoblastoma by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of retinoblastoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Diffuse Midline Glioma with EZHIP Overexpression

A diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered, characterized by the presence of EZHIP overexpression.


Lymph Node Follicular Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the germinal centers resulting in the enlargement of the lymph node.


Latent Infection

A period in which the infection is present in the host without producing overt symptoms.  (from Online Medical Dictionary)


Testicular Sclerosing Sertoli Cell Tumor

A rare testicular Sertoli cell tumor characterized by the presence of neoplastic tubules that are surrounded by a dense fibrotic stroma.


Recurrent Carcinoma

The reemergence of a carcinoma after a period of remission.


Elevated Serum CA-125 Tumor Antigen

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of the tumor antigen CA-125 in a blood serum sample.


Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the bladder mucosa and/or bowel mucosa (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Hormone Therapy Refractory Neoplasm

A neoplasm that does not respond to hormone therapy.


Arbovirus hemorrhagic fever

A group of viral illnesses that are vectored by arthropods, and that are characterized by increased susceptibility to bleeding diatheses.


Locally Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma

Cutaneous melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Malignant Intracranial Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm involving the intracranial space.


Cutaneous Acute Graft versus Host Disease

Skin manifestations of acute graft versus host disease, which typically presents as an erythematous maculopapular rash involving the face, ears, palms, and soles that may spread to the trunk and evolve to erythroderma.


Chronic Active EBV Infection of T-and NK-Cell Type, Systemic Form

An EBV-positive T-cell/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by repeated infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, a very high titer of anti-EBV antibodies, and high levels of Epstein-Barr virus nucleic acids. Patients often develop progressive cellular and humoral immunodeficiency with pancytopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia.


Deep Venous Thrombosis Related to COVID-19

Deep vein thrombosis in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Clinical Stage IA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Breast Neurofibroma

A neurofibroma that arises from the breast.


Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma of the Extremity

Cutaneous melanoma of the upper or lower extremity that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Radiation-induced fibrous mediastinitis

Fibrous mediastinitis arising due to radiation therapy.


Recurrent Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

The reemergence of extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma after a period of remission.


Sessile Serrated Adenoma/Polyp

Polyps that arises from the large intestine and the appendix. They are characterized by the presence of serrated glands and the absence of generalized dysplasia.


Intrapartum Uterine Rupture

An acute symptomatic tearing of the uterine wall after the onset of labor.


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Minimal Differentiation

An acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation occurring in children.


Perforation of organ

A rupture in an organ(s) due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


Stage III Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III) that may also be accompanied by localized involvement of an extralymphatic organ or site (IIIE), by involvement of the spleen (IIIS), or both (IIIS+E). (from PDQ)


Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges occurring in children.  Representative examples include posterior fossa astrocytoma, optic pathway glioma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and craniopharyngioma.


Primary malignant neoplasm

A malignant tumor at the original site of growth.


Recurrent Adnexal Carcinoma

The reemergence of adnexal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Adnexal Carcinoma

Adnexal carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Regimen-Limiting Toxicity

A side effect of a drug or other treatment that is serious enough to necessitate a dose modification.


Musculoskeletal toxicity

A toxicity that impairs or damages the musculoskeletal system.


Injury of diaphragm with open wound into cavity

Trauma to  the diaphragm associated with a break in the tissue that extends into the thoracic cavity.


Stage IIB Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Fallopian Tube Metaplastic Papillary Lesion

A rare benign lesion that arises in the fallopian tubes of postpartum women. It is characterized by intratubal luminal papillary proliferation lined by columnar cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Significant cytologic atypia and mitoses are absent. Mucinous and oncocytic metaplasia may be present.


Head Mass

An abnormal growth located on the head.


Defective T-Cell Receptor Signaling

An indication that T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent signaling pathways in a immunologic sample are compromised. TCR signaling defects lead to impaired development of T-lymphocytes and are usually caused by deletion or loss of function mutations affecting one or more proteins involved in TCR-dependent signaling pathways, including the subunits of the TCR complex.


Pancreatic Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of exocrine pancreatic cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with associated invasive carcinoma, intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm with associated invasive carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, mucinous cystic neoplasm with associated invasive carcinoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and pancreatoblastoma. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Primary osteosarcoma of bone

A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the bone. It usually involves the long bones and predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Pain and a palpable mass are the most frequent clinical sign and symptom. It may spread to other anatomic sites, particularly the lungs.


FIGO Grade 1 Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting 5% or less solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Chlamydia psittaci infection

A bacterial infection caused by Chlamydophila psittaci. Humans are infected by handling sick birds. The Chlamydiae cause respiratory infection manifests with fever, malaise, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, photophobia and headaches.


Decreased Time To Peak Drug Blood Concentration

Decreased time following drug administration at which the peak drug blood concentration occurs.


Clinical Test Result

The result of a laboratory, radiologic, or other clinical test performed to determine the presence, absence, or degree of a condition.


Stage IVB Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis (including peritoneal spread or involvement of the supraclavicular, mediastinal, or distant lymph nodes; lung; liver; or bone). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Recurrent Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

The reemergence of adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma after a period of remission.


Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-NFATC2 gene fusion

A group of rare round and spindle cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of EWSR1-NFATC2 gene fusion.


Refractory Gastric Carcinoma

Gastric carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm

A low-grade malignant neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas. Rare cases arising from ectopic pancreatic tissue in the ovary have also been described. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells that form solid and pseudopapillary patterns, cystic changes, and hemorrhage. It usually presents as an encapsulated, solitary, and lobulated mass. It occurs predominantly in young women. Complete removal of the tumor is curative in the majority of cases.


IOL dislocation

Displacement of the intraocular lens from the visual axis.


Stage IIA1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement, less than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Refractory Giant Cell Glioblastoma

Giant cell glioblastoma that is resistant to treatment.


Genitourinary System Carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the genitourinary system. Representative examples include kidney carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and ovarian carcinoma.


Anti-D Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

A condition of the newborn characterized by the destruction of red blood cells initiated by the transmission of antibodies from a mother to the child via the placenta against the D antigen, the most common Rhesus factor.


Non-Neoplastic Thoracic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the thorax and/or the organs of the thoracic cavity.  Representative examples include pleural infection, mediastinitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


Splenic Rupture Related to Birth

Disruption of the spleen incurred during delivery.


Regional Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter

Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter that has spread to adjacent tissues and/or regional lymph nodes but not to distant anatomic sites.


Sarcoma of the Extremity

A sarcoma that arises from the soft tissues or bones of the upper or lower extremity.


Fetal Hypoxia

Hypoxia in utero, caused by conditions such as inadequate placental function (often abruptio placentae), preeclamptic toxicity, prolapse of the umbilical cord, or complications from anesthetic administration.


Stoma Site Infection

An infectious process affecting a surgically created opening in the surface of the body.


Recurrent Urinary System Carcinoma

Reemergence of a urinary system carcinoma after a period of remission.


Severe Mosquito Bite Allergy

An EBV-positive NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by high fever and intense local skin symptoms, including erythema, bullae, ulcers, skin necrosis, and deep scarring following mosquito bites. Patients have NK-cell lymphocytosis in the peripheral blood and an increased risk of developing hemophagocytic syndrome and progressing into overt NK/T-cell lymphoma or aggressive NK-cell leukemia in the longstanding clinical course. (WHO 2017)


Classical Hodgkin lymphoma type posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder

A lymphoproliferative disorder that fulfills the criteria for classic Hodgkin lymphoma and arises as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is most often seen in renal transplant patients.


Stage I Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscular layer.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Metastatic Digestive System Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the gastrointestinal system and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Unresectable Meningioma

A meningioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage IV: Disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extralymphatic sites with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement with distant (nonregional) nodal involvement. (PDQ)


Childhood Cancer Stage by Toronto Guidelines v2

A term that refers to the staging of childhood cancers following the rules of the Toronto guidelines v2, 2019. The guidelines were developed to address the lack of consistent information on childhood cancer staging in population registries and are not intended to replace staging systems in clinical use. They include a two-tiered approach that provides less detailed criteria for registries with limited resources and/or limited data access (Tier 1) and more detailed criteria for better-resourced registries (Tier 2). They apply to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, neuroblastoma, renal malignant tumors except renal cell carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma, malignant bone tumors, retinoblastoma, hepatoblastoma, testicular germ cell tumors, ovarian germ cell tumors, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma and ependymoma. The following changes were noted to the original classification (v1, 2014): a staging system was no longer considered appropriate for acute myeloid leukemia; all renal tumors, with the exception of renal cell carcinomas, should use the endorsed staging systems for Wilms tumor; staging systems for osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma were combined into a single recommendation for all malignant bone tumors; a staging system was endorsed for astrocytomas; the S category (serum tumor markers) was confirmed as an integral part of TNM staging for testicular cancer in Tier 2 recommendations; and PRETEXT number was added to Tier 2 recommendations for hepatoblastoma. (adapted from Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Spinal Cord Hamartoma

A hamartoma that occurs in the spinal cord.


Lymphoma, AIDS-Related

An aggressive lymphoma that develops in HIV-positive patients.  There is a significant increase in the incidence of lymphomas associated with the AIDS epidemic.  These lymphomas are usually extranodal, most often express a B-cell phenotype and morphologically are classified as Burkitt, diffuse large B-cell, and Hodgkin lymphomas.  The prognosis is closely related to the severity of immunodeficiency.


Stage IV Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Full thickness burn

An injury that includes all skin layers into the subcutaneous tissue due to chemical, friction, radiation or thermal exposure. The affected area appears dry and thickened; damage to nerve endings usually renders the wound painless.


Cervical Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the cervix. It may be classified as G1 (low grade) or G2 (intermediate grade) neuroendocrine tumor.


Gastric Antrum Carcinoma In Situ AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Primary Cutaneous Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Rare Subtype

A rare, mature T-cell lymphoma arising from the skin.


Locally Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma

A urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Urothelial Carcinoma, High Grade

Urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


Recurrent Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant

The reemergence of IDH-mutant astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Congenital Vena Cava Abnormality

An abnormality of the superior or inferior vena cava that is present at birth. Representative examples include persistent left superior vena cava, absence of infrarenal inferior vena cava, or absence of the entire inferior vena cava.


Serum CEA Level Elevated

The amount of carcinoembryonic antigen present in a serum sample is elevated.


Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome

A constellation of symptoms lasting months to years reported by some Lyme disease patients who had undergone previous antibiotic therapy.


Childhood Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Risk Organ Involvement

Langerhans cell histiocytosis that occurs during childhood and involves the bone marrow, spleen, liver, or lung.


Prostate Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the prostate gland.  Representative examples include acute and chronic prostatitis.


Stage IB Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metanephric stromal tumor

A rare benign renal neoplasm composed of moderately cellular spindle cells. It occurs mostly in infancy and childhood.


Ipsilateral Nodule

A metastatic tumor nodule located in the same side of the organ in which the primary tumor occurred.


Lymphoma stage III

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Blood Cardiac Troponin I Increased

A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of cardiac troponin I in a biological specimen.


Miscellaneous Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm which is not further characterized.


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Scrotal hernia

The protrusion of abdominal cavity contents into the scrotal sac.


Integumentary System Signs and Symptoms

Patient complaints (symptoms), physical and/or laboratory findings related to the skin or integument.


Stage I Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: I (T1, N0, M0); IA (T1a, N0, M0); IA1 (T1a1, N0, M0); IA2 (T1a2, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0); IB1(T1b1, N0, M0); IB2 (T1b2, N0, M0). T1: Cervical carcinoma confined to uterus (extension to corpus should be disregarded). T1a: Invasive carcinoma diagnosed only by microscopy. Stromal invasion with a maximum depth of 5.0 mm measured from the base of the epithelium and a horizontal spread of 7.0 mm or less. Vascular space involvement, venous or lymphatic, does not affect classification. T1a1: Measured stromal invasion 3.0 mm or less in depth and 7.0 or less horizontal spread.  T1a2: Measured stromal invasion more than 3.0mm and not more than 5.0 mm with a horizontal spread 7.0mm or less. T1b: Clinically visible lesion confined to the cervix or microscopic lesion greater than T1a/IA2. T1b1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1b2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


COVID-19-Associated Encephalitis

Encephalitis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Childhood Neurofibroma

A neurofibroma that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Malignant Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

The reemergence of a malignant nongerminomatous germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


Refractory Malignant Male Reproductive System Neoplasm

Malignant male reproductive system neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF.


Advanced Lymphoma

Lymphoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIC Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Chest Pain Along Left Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the chest pain is along the anterior axillary line on the left side.


Cervical Cancer by AJCC v9 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 9th edition. This staging system applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. It does not apply to sarcomas, lymphomas, and melanomas. Sarcomas are staged according to the corpus uteri classification for sarcomas. Lymphomas are staged according to Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma classification. Melanomas are not staged. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


bite injury

A wound inflicted by the teeth or fangs of an individual or animal.


Childhood Schwannoma

A schwannoma that occurs during childhood.


Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a digestive system neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2. Staging is the same for both tiers (tier 1 and 2).


Stage IIA1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA1 includes: T2a1, Any N, M0. T2a1: Cervical carcinoma invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina without parametrial invasion. Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Refractory Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Neuroendocrine carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.