Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + fluconazole(in) = H+(in) + fluconazole(out).


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + benomyl(in) = H+(in) + benomyl(out).


metal cation:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(in) = solute(in) + Na+(out).


ADP:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = ADP(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


monoatomic ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: Na+(in) + Mg2+(out) = Na+(out) + Mg2+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: oxoglutarate(out) + malate(in) = oxoglutarate(in) + malate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + tetracycline(in) = H+(in) + tetracycline(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).


urate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urate(out) + anion (in) = urate (in) + anion (out).


glutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutamate(out) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) = glutamate(in) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: tartrate(out) + succinate(in) = tartrate(in) + succinate(out).


3-sulfino-L-alanine: proton, glutamate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteinesulfinate) (out) + H+(in) + L-glutamate(in) = 3-sulfino-L-alanine(in) + H+(out) + L-glutamate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + succinate(in) = citrate(in) + succinate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: putrescine(out) + ornithine(in) = putrescine(in) + ornithine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + cycloheximide(in) = H+(in) + cycloheximide(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Mn2+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Mn2+(in).


polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of various organic cations in exchange for a proton, according to the reaction: H+(out) + organic cation(in) = H+(in) + organic cation(out). The transported substrates are usually toxic molecules, drugs and xenobiotics.


Enables the transport of L-aspartate and fumarate across a membrane according to the reaction L-aspartate (out) + fumarate (in) = L-aspartate (in) + fumarate (out).


calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


orotate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: orotate(out) + anion (in) = orotate (in) + anion (out).


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA(out) + CoA(in) = acetyl-CoA(in) + CoA(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out).


calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cystine(out) + glutamate(in) = cystine(in) + glutamate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + azole(in) = H+(in) + azole(out). Azoles are heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances.


Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + fumarate(in) = succinate(in) + fumarate(out).


hydroxybenzoic acid

Any benzoic acid carrying one or more phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring.


monohydroxybenzoic acid

Any hydroxybenzoic acid having a single phenolic hydroxy substituent on the benzene ring.


caudal ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The multiplication or reproduction of caudal ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


chaperone mediated protein folding independent of cofactor

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of posttranslational proteins and does not depend on additional protein cofactors. This function occurs over one or more cycles of nucleotide-dependent binding and release.


C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12 to a C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CXCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


blood-inner ear barrier

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The function of the group of barriers and transport systems which regulate the transport of various substances from blood to inner ear tissue and maintain the microhomeostasis and functional integrity of the inner ear; the endothelial cells of the inner ear blood capillaries, linked to each other by tight junctions, represent the main component of the blood-inner ear barrier.


somal translocation

The radial migration of cells from the ventricular zone that is independent of radial glial cells. Cells extend processes that terminate at the pial surface and follow the processes as they migrate.


Beta-Catenin-Activated Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Hepatocellular adenoma with features of both beta-catenin-activated hepatocellular adenoma and inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to cytoplasmic side of mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the cytoplasmic side of the mitotic spindle pole body.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to nuclear side of mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the nuclear side of the mitotic spindle pole body.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at a mitotic spindle pole body.


adventurous gliding motility

A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the rearward secretion of carbohydrate slime.


right subclavian artery

The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage.


skin appendage follicle

An organ subunit in the skin that gives rise to cutaneous appendage.


vibrissa follicle

One of the tubular invaginations of the epidermis enclosing the hair roots and from which grow the vibrissae located on the muzzle and face of many species.


coat hair follicle

A hair follicle that is part of a coat of hair.


rhombomere 5 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


Acute esophagitis

An acute inflammatory process affecting the esophageal wall.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in magnetoreception

The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of torque on particles such as magnetite which respond to a magnetic field.


isoleucine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


middle lamella

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + NADH + H+.


host cell mitochondrial outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


host outer membrane

The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.


host cell nuclear outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


host cell outer membrane

A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope, occurring in a host cell.


host organelle outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope, occurring in a host cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: isoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + monodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


Refractory Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney

A rhabdoid tumor of the kidney that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney

The reemergence of a rhabdoid tumor of the kidney after a period of remission.


Unresectable Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney

Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney that is not amenable to surgical resection.


BtuCD complex

Protein complex involved in cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport through the plasma membrane. In E. coli, the complex is a tetramer and consists of the cytoplasmic ATPase BtuD homodimer together with the transmembrane BtuC homodimer.


upper leg blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, benign

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor that is characterized by a maximum diameter equal or less than 5 cm (gastric localization), or equal or less than 2 cm (intestinal localization) and no more than 5 mitotic figures per 50 high power fields.


Benign Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the stomach.  It is characterized by a maximum diameter equal or less than 5 cm and no more than 5 mitotic figures per 50 high power fields.


nucleus pulposus

The jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc which is a remnant of the notochord.


euchromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to euchromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the euchromatin location and organization.


chromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to chromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization, or to enable equal segregation of the nuclear membrane during mitosis.


heterochromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to heterochromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization.


Stage IA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 2 cm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0). T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 2 cm.  T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 2 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 2 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mesovarium

The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom[VHOG].


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


D-galactonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.


galactonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose.


L-idonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.


D-gluconate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.


ketogluconate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.


galactonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid.


keto-D-gluconate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.


keto-D-gluconate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.


L-galactonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.


ketogluconate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.


L-idonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.


L-galactonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.


aldonic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.


D-galactonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.


methylgallate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.


methylgallate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.


auxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


indoleacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


The acetylation of the N-terminal threonine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-threonine; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.


Left Posterior Descending Artery

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The second posterolateral branch originating from the posterior atrioventricular left circumflex artery in left dominant and mixed circulations.


tRNA wobble base lysidine biosynthesis

The process in which the carbonyl of cytosine at position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally replaced by lysine.


tRNA wobble cytosine modification

The process in which a cytosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


tRNA wobble base cytosine methylation

The process in which the base of cytosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the C5 position.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core

The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


(R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


(R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


(R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = NADP+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


response to jasmonic acid stimulus involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus received in the context of the jasmonic acid- and ethylene (ethene)-dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


positive regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.


inorganic potassium salt

A potassium salt that lacks C-H bonds


potassium salt

Any alkali metal salt having potassium(1+) as the cation.


ventricular septum intermedium development

The progression of the ventricular septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


leucine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-leucine + CoA + H+.


Breast Myoid Hamartoma

A breast hamartoma characterized by the predominance of a smooth muscle component.


pectic arabinogalactan I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinogalactan I, an alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galactopyranose backbone that is substituted with alpha-l-Araf residues via the O-3 of the D-galactose residues. Arabinogalactan I can be found as a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I.


rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of the pectin, rhamnogalacturonan I.


pectic arabinan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinan, a polymer with an alpha-(1->5)-linked L-arabinofuranose (Araf) backbone that can be substituted with Araf-alpha-(1->2)-, Araf-alpha-(1->3)-, and/or Araf-alpha-(1->3)-Araf-alpha-(1->3)-side chains. Arabinan can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


pectic galactan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactan, a polymer of D-galactosyl units that can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


citrate (pro-3S)-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = acetate + oxaloacetate.


pyruvate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: fructose-6-phosphate + diphosphate = phosphate + fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.


1-phosphofructokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose 1-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.


regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.


positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.


positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.


negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.


regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.


right eye

An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition].


broad specificity oxidative DNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated nucleobase within DNA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a nucleobase within DNA + formaldehyde + succinate + CO2. Catalyzes oxidative demethylation of the DNA base lesions N1- methyladenine, N3-methylcytosine, N1-methylguanine, and N3- methylthymine. Can also act of RNA.


DNA N6-methyladenine demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + an N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine in DNA + O2 = a 2'-deoxyadenosine in DNA + CO2 + formaldehyde + succinate.


superficial middle cerebral vein

A vein that runs along the fissure of Sylvius to the cavernous sinus on the lateral surface of the brain and connects to the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses.


cell quiescence

A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.


Colorectal Microvesicular Hyperplastic Polyp

A serrated hyperplastic polyp that arises from the colon and rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of microvacuolated columnar cells that are admixed with small numbers of goblet cells.  There is no evidence of epithelial atypia or dysplasia.


Refractory Visual Pathway Glioma

Visual pathway glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage II Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or is greater than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


DNA binding

Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


DNA/DNA annealing activity

An activity that faciliates the formation of a complementary double-stranded DNA molecule.


DNA-(abasic site) binding

Binding to a DNA site that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base. Apurinic sites can form spontaneously or when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base.


sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


cytosine/cytosine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a C/C mispair.


O6-alkylguanine-DNA binding

Binding to an O6-alkylguanine adduct in DNA.


RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 2 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.


RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 1 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.


single-strand break-containing DNA binding

Binding to damaged DNA containing single-strand breaks (SSBs).


adenine/adenine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/A mispair.


carbohydrate response element binding

Binding to a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to carbohydrates, such as the triglyceride synthesis genes.


single adenine insertion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single adenine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired adenine.


topological DNA co-entrapment activity

A DNA binding activity in which a protein complex interacts with more than one DNA duplex to encircle the DNA molecules with a loose fitting ring.


DNA hairpin binding

Binding to a DNA region containing a hairpin. A hairpin structure forms when a DNA strand folds back on itself and intrachain base pairing occurs between inverted repeat sequences.


open form four-way junction DNA binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing the open form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The open form of a four-way junction can be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over.


thymine/thymine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a T/T mispair.


replication fork barrier binding

Binding to replication fork barriers, sites that inhibit the progress of replication forks.


chromatin insulator sequence binding

Binding to a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription.


C-rich single-stranded DNA binding

Binding to C-rich, single-stranded DNA.


double-stranded/single-stranded junction telomeric DNA binding

Binding to a junction formed at the point where double-stranded telomeric DNA becomes a single-stranded G-rich telomeric DNA 3' overhang.


RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


DNA-DNA tethering activity

Bridging together two regions of a DNA molecule.


rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding, bending

The activity of binding selectively, and in a sequence-specific manner, a replication fork barrier found in rDNA spacers, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


guanine/guanine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a G/G mispair.


mitochondrial promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of the mitochondrial DNA.


C-rich strand telomeric DNA binding

Binding to C-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.


chromatin loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two DNA loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop.


GC-box binding

Binding to a GC-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence GGGCGG that is located upstream of the start point of eukaryotic transcription units. The GC-box may occur in multiple copies or in either orientation relative to the transcription start site.


rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding

Binding to replication fork barriers found in rDNA spacers, sites that inhibit replication forks in the direction opposite to rDNA transcription.


N-box binding

Binding to an N-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CACNAG that is found in the promoters of genes expressed preferentially at synapses.


RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a hybrid type promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.


promoter-terminator loop anchoring activity

Bridging together a cis-regulatory element and a terminator DNA sequences on the chromatin, holding two loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop.


non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-independent manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


adenine/guanine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/G mispair.


D-loop DNA binding

Binding to a DNA D-loop. A D-loop is a three-stranded DNA structure formed by the invasion of a single DNA strand that base pairs with one strand of duplex DNA, while the rest of the double-stranded DNA does not unwind.


piRNA cluster binding

Binding to piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).


crossed form four-way junction DNA binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing the crossed form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The crossed form of a four-way junction cannot be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over, and instead contains a single crossover between two of the strands.


hemi-methylated DNA-binding

Binding to double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA at replication foci (one strand methylated, while the other strand is unmethylated). Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.


adenine/cytosine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/C mispair.


G-rich single-stranded DNA binding

Binding to G-rich, single-stranded DNA.


P-element binding

Binding to a P-element, a class of Drosophila transposon responsible for hybrid dysgenesis.


RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 3 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.


plastid promoter transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region that controls transcription by a plastid RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


cytosine/thymine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a C/T mispair.


RNA polymerase III cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The transcribed region might be contain a single gene or a cistron containing multiple genes.


piRNA dual-strand cluster binding

Binding to dual-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) where piRNAs originate from both DNA strands via noncanonical transcription.


RNA polymerase I cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase I. RNA polymerase I elements are referred to either enhancers or upstream control element (UCE, or alternately referred to as the upstream element).


juvenile hormone response element binding

Binding to a juvenile hormone response element (JHRE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to juvenile hormone.


telomeric G-quadruplex DNA binding

Binding to telomeric G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures in telomeres.


tDNA binding

Binding to DNA sequences encoding transfer RNA.


piRNA uni-strand cluster binding

Binding to uni-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that map predominantly to only one strand and exhibit hallmarks of canonical Pol II transcription. Uni-strand piRNA clusters are found in many taxa.


sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.


left-handed Z-DNA binding

Binding to DNA in the Z form, i.e. a left-handed helix in which the phosphate backbone zigzags.


alkylated DNA binding

Binding to an alkylated residue in DNA.


Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial-Like Tumor of the Septum Pellucidum

A very rare, low-grade midline brain neoplasm that affects the septum pellucidum. It is characterized by similar histological features to those found in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, but does not display multinodularity. It usually manifests with symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure. Epilepsy has been reported in approximately one third of patients. PDGFRA gene mutations have been identified in the majority of patients. Alterations in FGFR1 and NF1 genes have also been reported. BRAF mutations which represent the most common molecular alteration found in cortical dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, were absent in this rare group of midline tumors.


spermine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermine.


insect embryonic/larval sensillum

Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larva (UBERON:6001727).


insect embryonic/larval head sensillum

Any sensillum (UBERON:6007152) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730).


Childhood Parathyroid Gland Adenoma

An adenoma of the parathyroid gland that occurs during childhood.


Parathyroid Gland Lipoadenoma

A parathyroid gland adenoma that contains mature adipocytes.


SCF-Grr1/Pof2 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Grr1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof2 in S. pombe).


ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + Ecdysone + O2 = 20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H2O.


Stage IV Childhood Retinoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Distant metastatic disease. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


axial mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


vascular plexus

A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part.


Thyroid Gland Cavernous Hemangioma

A rare cavernous hemangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Benign Thyroid Gland Vascular Neoplasm

A rare benign vascular neoplasm that arises from the thyroid gland. This category includes hemangiomas, cavernous hemangiomas, and lymphangiomas.


Thyroid Gland Hemangioma

A rare hemangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Thyroid Gland Lymphangioma

An extremely rare lymphangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Posterior Triangle Lymph Node Group (Sublevels VA and VB)

This group is composed predominantly of the lymph nodes located along the lower half of the spinal accessory nerve and the transverse cervical artery. The supraclavicular nodes also are included in the posterior triangle group. The superior boundary is the apex formed by the convergence of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles; the inferior boundary is the clavicle; the anterior (medial) boundary is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; and the posterior (lateral) boundary is the anterior border of the trapezius muscle. Thus, sublevel VA includes the spinal accessory nodes, whereas sublevel VB includes the nodes following the transverse cervical vessels and the supraclavicular nodes, with the exception of the Virchow node, which is located in level IV. The posterior triangle nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and cutaneous structures of the posterior scalp and neck. (AJCC 8th ed.)


cervical lymph node

Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted].


Submandibular Lymph Node Group (Sublevel IB)

Lymph nodes within the boundaries of the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle, and the body of the mandible. These include the preglandular and the postglandular nodes and the prevascular and postvascular nodes. The submandibular gland is included in the specimen when the lymph nodes within the triangle are removed. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the oral cavity, anterior nasal cavity, skin, and soft tissue structures of the midface, as well as from the submandibular gland. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Middle Jugular Lymph Node Group (Level III)

Lymph nodes located around the middle third of the internal jugular vein, extending from the inferior border of the hyoid bone (above) to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (below). The anterior (medial) boundary is the lateral border of the sternohyoid muscle, and the posterior (lateral) boundary is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Submental Lymph Node Group (Sublevel IA)

Lymph nodes within the triangular boundary of the anterior belly of the digastric muscles and the hyoid bone. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the floor of mouth, anterior oral tongue, anterior mandibular alveolar ridge, and lower lip. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Upper Jugular Lymph Node Group (Sublevels IIA and IIB)

Lymph nodes located around the upper third of the internal jugular vein and adjacent spinal accessory nerve, extending from the level of the skull base (above) to the level of the inferior border of the hyoid bone (below). The anterior (medial) boundary is the stylohyoid muscle (the radiologic correlate is the vertical plane defined by the posterior surface of the submandibular gland) and the posterior (lateral) boundary is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Sublevel IIA nodes are located anterior (medial) to the vertical plain defined by the spinal accessory nerve. Sublevel IIB nodes are located posterior (lateral) to the vertical plane defined by the spinal accessory nerve (the radiologic correlate is the lateral border of the internal jugular on a contrast-enhanced CT scan). The upper jugular nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the oral cavity, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and parotid gland. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lower jugular lymph node

Lymph nodes located around the lower third of the internal jugular vein, extending from the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (above) to the clavicle below. The anterior (medial) boundary is the lateral border of the sternohyoid muscle and the posterior (lateral) boundary is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the hypopharynx, thyroid, cervical esophagus, and larynx. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Superior Mediastinal Lymph Node Group (Level VII)

Lymph nodes in this group include pretracheal, paratracheal, and esophageal groove lymph nodes, extending from the level of the suprasternal notch cephalad and up to the innominate artery caudad. These nodes are at greatest risk of involvement by thyroid cancer and cancer of the esophagus. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anterior Compartment Lymph Node Group (Level VI)

Lymph nodes in this compartment include the pretracheal and paratracheal nodes, precricoid (Delphian) node, and the perithyroidal nodes, including the lymph nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerves. The superior boundary is the hyoid bone; the inferior boundary is the suprasternal notch; and the lateral boundaries are the common carotid arteries. These nodes are at greatest risk for harboring metastases from cancers arising from the thyroid gland, glottic and subglottic larynx, apex of the piriform sinus, and cervical esophagus. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, Any N, M0. T3b: extending to pelvic wall and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


glomerular basement membrane

The layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of the inner or visceral layer of the Bowman capsule; it is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas and acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.


pronephric glomerular basement membrane

A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros.


negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


Peritoneal mesothelioma malignant recurrent

The reemergence of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma after a period of remission.


Mesothelioma malignant recurrent

The reemergence of malignant mesothelioma after a period of remission


xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.


xylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylans, homopolysaccharides composed of xylose residues.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl links in some glucuronoarabinoxylans.


endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.


xylan 1,3-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of successive xylose residues from the non-reducing termini of (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.


xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylans so as to remove successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini.


exoxylanase activity

A xylanase activity that acts on one of the ends of a xylan polymer which does not contain side chains.


establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.


establishment of proximal/distal cell polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its proximal/distal axis.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection

Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally.


Thoracic Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the thoracic esophagus.


positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


mitochondrial chromosome packaging

A process in which mitochondrial chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


secondary ovarian follicle

A maturing ovarian follicle that has two more more layers of granulosa cells, up to the onset of antrum formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP + H(+).


uridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate + UDP.


Stage II Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Mad-Max-mSin3B complex

A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3B, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.


translation initiation ternary complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


phenylalanine

An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.


cytokinin binding

Binding to a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 10-oxabenzo(def)chrysen-9-one + formate + H+.


deoxyuridine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxyuridine + phosphate = uracil + deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


Clinical Stage 0 Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: In situ primary tumor. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


Clinical Stage IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: T0-4, Any N, M1. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. M1: Distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2-3, N0, M0. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage II Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2-3, N0, M0); IIB: (T4, N0, M0). T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage III Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T0-4, N1-3, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). N2: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) without lymph node metastasis. N3: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) with lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage I Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


positive regulation of cellular response to heat

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.


levopimaradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-8(14),12-diene + diphosphate.


proliferating neuroepithelium

An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells.


germinal neuroepithelium

The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells.


neural tube ventricular layer

The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium.


cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Small Intestinal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


external iliac vein

A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified].


negative regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


positive regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


positive regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


negative regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


Recurrent Rectal Cancer

The reemergence of rectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Rectal adenocarcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of rectal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Adrenal Suppression

Inadequate production of cortisol due to negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is caused by exposure to exogenous glucocorticoids or endogenous hypercortisolism.


Radiating Chest Pain in Abdomen

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the abdomen.


Hemoglobin Increase Greater than or Equal to 1.5 g/dL

A semiquantitative finding indicating that the concentration of hemoglobin has increased by at least 1.5 g/dL compared to the value recorded for a previous sample from that subject.


polyatomic cation

A cation consisting of more than one atom.


phosphocholines

Any compound having phosphocholine as part of its structure.


An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of pyridoxamine arising from selective protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


(S)-bethanechol

The (S)-enantiomer of bethanechol.


ammonium ion derivative

A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc).


A primary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of thiamine(1+) resulting from the protonation of the primary amino group.


(R)-bethanechol

The (R)-enantiomer of bethanechol.


acylcholine

A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid.


cholines

A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof.


quaternary ammonium ion

A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.


endosome lysis involved in viral entry into host cell

Viral-induced lysis of the endosome involved in uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the viral contents from the endosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


lysis of host organelle involved in viral entry into host cell

The viral-induced lysis of an organelle (endosome, lysosome, or caveosome) that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs once the virus is within the organelle, and results in transfer of the viral contents from the organelle compartment into the cytoplasm.


macropinosome lysis involved in viral entry into host cell

Viral-induced lysis of the macropinosome involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in the release of viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


Lumbar Spine Joint Range of Motion Decreased

Decreased flexibility of a lumbar spine joint.


interventricular septum

Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA].


interatrial septum

A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart.


Structure of atrioventricular septum

The junction where the tissue of the atrial septum and the ventricular septum meet.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney (unless known to be due to another cause). (FIGO 2018)


bone marrow microvessel

Microvessel located in the bone marrow, including arterioles and sinusoids.


positive regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of androgen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen biosynthetic process.


regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Calcification

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to the accumulation of calcium on the valve tissue. This most often results in stenosis of the valve.


Leaflet Disruption

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve, often resutling in dysfunction of the valve.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Infection

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to infection affecting the valve tissue, which can result in valvular dysfunction.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Unknown Cause

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve without an identifiable cause.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Host Tissue Overgrowth

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to an increase in tissue mass at the valve site, which can lead to valve dysfunction. This often happens as a result of fibrosis of tissue surrounding the suture line of a prosthetic valve.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Suture Abrasion

The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to irritation by surgical sutures, which can result in valvular dysfunction.


Vulvar Fibroadenoma

A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the vulva and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


Fibroadenoma of Anogenital Mammary-Type Glands

A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the perineum and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


Anal Fibroadenoma

A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the anus and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve either the lower or both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


High Grade Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


Low Grade Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities are confined to the lower half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Liver

Infiltration of the hepatic sinusoids by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-cysteine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.


cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.


beta-alanopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD+ = beta-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


negative regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


negative regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


negative regulation of dauer entry

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of pupariation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of onset of pupariation.


negative regulation of flower development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


negative regulation of lateral root development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


negative regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.


negative regulation of nematode larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


negative regulation of vulval development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


negative regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


negative regulation of seed germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


negative regulation of thermomorphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


Percentage Body Weight Gain

The amount of weight gained over a period of time in relation to the total weight.


A secondary amino compound that is ammonia in which nitrogen is substituted by a 1-(4-methoxy-3-sulfamoylphenyl)propan-2-yl group and a 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl group.


fibular nerve

Any nerve that innervates the fibularis. Includes the common fibular nerve, and its branches.


Stage IIIA Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High. T3: Tumor more than 5 cm, but not more than 10 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


neurexin clustering involved in presynaptic membrane assembly

The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the presynaptic membrane in which neurexins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neurexins are synaptic cell surface proteins which act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.


glycine receptor clustering

The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


cardiac left atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.


cardiac atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


cardiac right atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.


L-proline betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


U2 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U2 snRNA molecule.


snRNA capping

The addition of a methylphosphate cap at the 5'-end of 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA). Capping 7SK RNA stabilizes it.


U6 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U6 snRNA molecule.


sulfate

A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid.


alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of mRNA

Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.


response to host iron concentration

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


aromatic primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic primary alcohol.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.


regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size

Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.


Long-Term Effects Secondary to Cancer Therapy in Adults

Side effects of cancer treatment received during adulthood occurring a long time after the treatment was completed.


microtubule site clamp

The binding activity of a molecule that attaches the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


Hemangioendothelioma, benign

A benign vascular proliferation characterized by the presence of prominent endothelial cells and the formation of vascular channels.


regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A cellular carbohydrate catabolic process that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and either glyceraldehyde or glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by dehydration and aldol cleavage via a gluconate or 6-phosphogluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate

A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


Stage IIIA Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a colorectal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to colorectal "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon and rectum are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 2 cm or less. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIB Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIB Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIIB Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 2 cm or less. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 2 cm with invasion of the lamina propria or submucosa. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIB Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a rectal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to rectal "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the rectum are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIB Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIA Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 2 cm with invasion of the lamina propria or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIA Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a colon neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to colon "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage I Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIIA Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIA Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


Stage IIIA Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


U6atac snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6atac, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U6atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U6atac snRNA both while the U6atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


adenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


adenosine salvage

Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases

The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments.


beta-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucans.


anaerobic cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, in absence of oxygen.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, malignant

A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor characterized by the presence of nuclear atypia, high mitotic activity, increased cellularity, marked pleomorphism, and necrosis. It usually develops in lesions that have recurred locally and metastasizes to other sites.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


mastoid lymph node

The mastoid lymph nodes (retroauricular lymph nodes, posterior auricular glands), usually two in number, are situated on the mastoid insertion of the Sternocleidomastoideus, beneath the Auricularis posterior. Their afferent vessels drain the posterior part of the temporoparietal region, the upper part of the cranial surface of the auricula or pinna, and the back of the external acoustic meatus; their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands.


actinomycete-type spore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed from a substrate mycelium; characteristic of many members of the order Actinomycetales.


mating type switching

The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to trachea

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the trachea from another anatomic site.


negative regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


negative regulation of timing of anagen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


negative regulation of hair follicle placode formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


negative regulation of timing of exogen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


negative regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


mannose-6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.


pole cell migration

The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.


cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-arginine-adding)

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-arginine = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n+1.


aldonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aldonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD+ = N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H+ + NADH.


endoplasmic reticulum-autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ER membrane and an autophagosome during reticulophagy.


posterior neural plate formation

The formation of posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


N-acylethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


discadenine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + discadenine + H+.


ripoptosome assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)benzoate + H+ + UDP.


anoxia protection

Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from anoxia, which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to anoxia.


oculomotor nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


positive regulation of protein refolding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein refolding.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichol-phosphate + UDP-D-xylose = dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + UDP.


N6-methyl-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + H2O + O2 = L-lysine + formaldehyde + H2O2.


interleukin-35 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and one or more unsaturated C-C bonds.


quercetin 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose = quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine in mRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(1)-methyladenine in mRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:3-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


histone H3K18 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18).


beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination.


succinylornithine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


diakinesis

The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-(3S,4R)-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene = 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


lung pattern specification process

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


geraniol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geraniol.


arginine deiminase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + O2 + H2O = H+ + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.


vellosimine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vellosimine.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H+ + sulfate = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + phosphate.


regulation of D-xylose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.


histone H4K12 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.


cellular response to amyloid-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.


establishment of localization

Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


heart rudiment involution

The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


mannitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


rRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate + carbamoyl-phosphate = phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem.


macrophage homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of macrophage cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


hyphopodium formation

The process in which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal processing and presentation of a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, some viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.


histone H3R17 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 17) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 17). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 17 of histone H3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + a dihydroceramide = UDP + H+ + a D-glucosyl-N-acylsphinganine.


scutellarein 7-methyl ether 4'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-21 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


pyrogallol 1,2-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + pyrogallol = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + 2 H+.


ephedrine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD+ = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H+ + NADH.


regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


inositol tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (containing 2-phosphate) + ADP.


anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside = coenzyme A + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucoside].


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


trichodiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.


modulation of host virulence by virus

A process by which a virus improves the virulence of its host for that host's respective host. Common in but not limited to bacteriophages; also occurs in phage-bearing bacteria infecting plants or animals for example. Mechanisms include the expression of factors that modulate a bacterial adhesion to a host cell, spread through host tissues, production of exotoxins or provide protection against host immune defenses.


lateral line nerve glial cell migration

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve.