Pancreatic adenocarcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Neoplasm

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A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm that affects the peritoneum and/or retroperitoneum.


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage I subdiaphragmatic


acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3) (q21.3;q26.2) or t(3;3) (q21.3;q26.2)

An acute myeloid leukemia associated with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2) resulting in the reposition of a distal GATA2 enhancer to activate MECOM expression. It may present de novo or follow a myelodysplastic syndrome. The clinical course is aggressive.


Clinical Stage 0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: High-grade dysplasia, defined as malignant cells confined to the epithelium by the basement membrane. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Psoriatic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

A category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis defined by the presence of arthritis with a personal or family history of psoriasis, and features such as dactylitis and nail dystrophy.


Hepatic Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of the veins in the liver or hepatic artery.


Non-Neoplastic Soft Tissue Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the soft tissue.


Hyperplasia of pituitary gland

A rare condition characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the pituitary gland. It is caused by hypersecretion of hypothalamic stimulating hormones.


Recurrent Malignant Skin Neoplasm

Reemergence of a malignant skin neoplasm after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Scrotal Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant scrotal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to esophagus

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the esophagus from another organ or system, or from another primary esophageal tumor. The primary esophageal tumor is not in continuity with the metastatic lesion. Representative examples of metastatic cancers to the esophagus include breast and lung metastatic carcinomas and melanomas.


Adenomatosis, Pulmonary

This is a non-human neoplastic process described in sheep.


cell-associated neurotoxicity

Neurotoxicity associated with immune effector cell therapy. It may be characterized by aphasia, altered level of consciousness, motor weakness, seizures, and cerebral edema.


Recurrent Visual Pathway Glioma

The reemergence of visual pathway glioma after a period of remission.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with ZRSR2 Mutation

An acute myeloid leukemia associated with ZRSR2 gene mutation.


Stage IIIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3-4, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 1-4; T3: Prostate cancer with extraprostatic tumor that is not fixed or does not invade adjacent structures. T4: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Cutaneous T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma that arises from the skin.


Recurrent Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Invasive Pancreatic Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

An invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant cells located within artifactual clear stromal spaces.


Subphrenic Abscess

An abscess that is located in the anatomical space between the diaphragm and the liver and/or spleen.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with MECOM Rearrangement

Acute myeloid leukemia characterized by rearrangement of the MECOM gene with various genes.


Stage III Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma involving lower vagina, pelvic sidewall, and ureters. (FIGO 2009)


Recurrent Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

The reemergence of a neuroendocrine carcinoma in any part of the digestive system after a period of remission.


Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance

Clinically meaningful cytopenia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. Clonal hematopoiesis is present with the variant allele frequency (VAF) equal or more that 2 percent. There is no other evidence of hematologic malignancy.


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IB2 includes: T1b2, N0, M0. T1b2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and equal or less than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Vaginal Mass

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Sickening Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that makes the individual queasy or nauseated.


Chronic combined systolic and diastolic heart failure

Chronic heart failure due to reduced contractility of the left ventricle and which does not fill properly due to decreased compliance.


Refractory HIV-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder

HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Barrett Esophagus

Dysplasia in Barrett esophagus that is resistant to treatment.


Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma

A Merkel cell carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to distal anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Intermediate Osteogenic Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing, locally aggressive, bone-forming neoplasm.


Paratesticular Epithelial Neoplasm

A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the paratesticular structures.


Malignant Lymphoma, Large Cell, Cleaved and Non-Cleaved

Antiquated term describing follicular (nodular) or diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphomas that are composed of a mixture of large cells: large cleaved cells, with irregular nuclei without visible nucleoli; and large non-cleaved cells (centroblasts), having a rounder nucleus with two to three small, peripherally placed nucleoli and a small amount of basophilic cytoplasm.  The follicular variants represent mature B-cell lymphomas, whereas the diffuse variants can be either mature B- or mature T-cell lymphomas.


Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy

A self-limiting cutaneous vasculitis that typically presents as a clinical triad of purpura, edema, and fever in children between the ages of four months and two years old. It is usually associated with a recent history of upper respiratory infection and/or antibiotic therapy.


A reactive cutaneous proliferation of macrophages associated with local trauma. It is characterized by the presence of giant cells with ground-glass cytoplasm. It presents as a single, asymptomatic, cutaneous or mucosal, firm xanthomatous to dark-red papule or nodule. (WHO 2018)


Low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma

A low-grade malignant neoplasm arising from the soft tissue and rarely bone. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped myofibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a storiform growth pattern. Metastasis is very rare.


Cutaneous Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasm

A precursor lymphoid neoplasm that arises from the skin.


Tearing Chest Pain

The sensation of chest pain described as a sharp, lacerating, intense, discomfort; sometimes used to describe the pain felt during an aortic dissection.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Tumor involving the lower third of vagina but not extending to pelvic wall. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Adult Erythroleukemia

An erythroleukemia occurring in adults.


Lymphangioma of liver

A rare lymphangioma that arises from the liver.  It usually occurs in children and adolescents.


Metastatic Childhood Astrocytoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Distant metastases present. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Stage y-II Childhood Malignant Kidney Neoplasm Excluding Renal Cell Carcinoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Protocol

Tumor extends beyond kidney but completely resected. Tumor penetrates renal capsule into perirenal fat. Tumor infiltrates the renal sinus and/or invades blood and lymphatic vessels outside renal parenchyma but is completely resected. Tumor infiltrates adjacent organs or vena cava but is completely resected. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Metastatic sarcoma

A sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIB Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N2, M0). T4: Tumor involving the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and/or common hepatic artery, irrespective of size. N2: Metastasis to four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring equal or less than 3 mm in depth. (FIGO 2009)


Unresectable Liposarcoma

A liposarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage II Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor invades the pancreas.  T1: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi.  T2: Tumor invades the duodenal wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Teratoma with Endocrine Differentiation

A teratoma that arises outside an endocrine organ and shows endocrine differentiation. The endocrine component ranges from benign endocrine tissue to malignant endocrine neoplasms. This category includes struma ovarii, thyroid carcinoma arising in struma ovarii, and carcinoid tumor arising in ovarian teratoma.


Injury of adrenal gland

Trauma to the adrenal gland.


T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia, Small Cell Variant

A T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of small neoplastic prolymphocytes often with invisible nucleolus by light microscopy.


Advanced Anal Carcinoma

Anal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

A myeloproliferative neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


IgM-Positive Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by expression of IgM and absence of class-switched immunoglobulin heavy chain expression.


Immune Dysregulation Disorder

A group of autoimmune disorders characterized by defects in self-tolerance (central or peripheral) resulting in autoimmune disease with or without recurrent infections, comprised by: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) syndromes; FHL syndromes with hypopigmentation; Regulatory T cell (Treg) defects (eg, IPEX); Autoimmunity with or without lymphoproliferation (eg, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy with candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophy [APECED]); Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS); Immune dysregulation with colitis; and Susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and lymphoproliferative conditions.


Stage III Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor involving the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and/or common hepatic artery, regardless of size. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Frontal Lobe Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

An anaplastic oligodendroglioma occurring in the frontal lobe.


Ann Arbor Stage II Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the superior side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph node(s) with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript.


A non-invasive neoplastic process that affects the epithelium of any part of the digestive system.  It is characterized by the presence of morphologic features of dysplasia (e.g., architectural and cytological epithelial alterations) or, in a minority of cases, lack of such morphologic features, as in colonic sessile serrated adenomas/polyps.


Prostatic Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia

A prostatic hyperplasia characterized by the presence of crowded adenomatous epithelial nodules.


Genitourinary malfunction arising from mental factors

A dysfunction in genitourinary function that is due to a psychological process.


Injury of bladder

Trauma to the bladder.


Mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing either extensive mucin accumulation and acinar neoplastic cells or a mixture of columnar or signet-ring cells and acinar neoplastic cells.


Erythema toxicum neonatorum

A benign, self-limited eruption of vesicles, pustules, papules and macules seen in newborns. An eosinophilic infiltrate can be isolated suggesting an immune-mediated reaction in the skin.


Gastric Adenoma, Gastric-Type

A neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach.  It is characterized by the presence of gastric epithelial differentiation.  It includes pyloric gland adenomas and foveolar-type adenomas.


Tourettism

Tics that are secondary to an identifiable cause.


Periorbital Infection

An infectious process affecting the tissues around the orbit.


Gallbladder Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gallbladder cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Pulmonary Fistula

An abnormal communication between the lung and another organ or anatomic site.


Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the bladder mucosa and/or bowel mucosa (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes, intraperitoneal disease, lung, liver, or bone. It excludes metastasis to pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina, uterine serosa, or adnexa). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Localized Sarcoma

A sarcoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Recurrent Human Papillomavirus-Related Malignant Neoplasm

The reemergence of human papillomavirus-related malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with TBL1XR1-RARA

Acute myeloid leukemia with variant RARA rearrangement and expression of TBL1XR1-RARA fusion protein.


Stage IIB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T2, M0, Risk factors: high risk.  T2: Tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia

Overgrowth of the gingival tissue caused by phenytoin, cyclosporine A, and calcium channel blockers.


Stage IB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Invasive cervical carcinoma with measured deepest invasion equal or more than 5 mm (greater than Stage IA), lesion limited to the cervix uteri. (FIGO 2018)


Acute Myocardial Injury with Cardiogenic Shock Related to COVID-19

Acute myocardial injury with evidence of cardiogenic shock defined as clinical evidence of low cardiac index (e.g., less than 2.2 L/min/m2) accompanied by impaired tissue perfusion in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the lateral edge of the sternum.


Recurrent Lymphoma

The reemergence of a lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis (excludes metastasis within the peritoneal cavity). (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVA Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, Any G.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Neoplasms, Unknown Primary

The spread of a malignant neoplasm from an unknown primary to another region remote from the primary site.


Inguinal hernia, without mention of obstruction or gangrene

The protrusion of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal, without mention of obstruction or necrosis of the herniated contents.


Extragonadal primary germ cell tumor mixed stage III


Polyarticular Still Disease

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affecting multiple joints, usually symmetrically. It may be associated with low grade fever, anemia, and weight loss. Patients usually test negative for rheumatoid factor.


Stage II Contiguous Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ).


Advanced Paraganglioma

A paraganglioma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Adult Meningioma

A meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


Coronary artery ectasia

Diffuse dilation of a coronary artery segment.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA2 includes: T2a2, N0, M0.  Tumor invades beyond uterus but no to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. No parametrial invasion.  T2a2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of anal squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Industrial Accident

An accident taking place on the site of a commercial enterprise.


Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with vaginal involvement (direct extension or metastasis) or parametrial involvement. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


EBV-Related T/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that is associated with Epstein-Barr virus.


Hodgkin's disease NOS stage II subdiaphragmatic presentation

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the inferior side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph node(s) with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript.


Osteosarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of osteosarcoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that has recurred after a period of remission.


Undifferentiated Malignant Neoplasm

A neoplasm that has minimal to no differentiating features.


Fallopian Tube Serous Neoplasm

A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the fallopian tube characterized by the presence of neoplastic serous epithelial cells.


Chest Pain Along Sternal Border

The location of the chest pain is along the lateral edge of the sternum.


Splitting Pain

An intense sensation of discomfort or distress that feels like being cut apart.


Endometrial Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the endometrium. It is composed of large polygonal cells arranged in well-demarcated nests, trabeculae or cords with peripheral palisading.


Beta-Methylcrotonylglycinuria

A very rare metabolic disorder characterized by an inborn error in the leucine degradation pathway. Patients excrete large amounts of beta-methyl-crotonylglycine in the urine.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with i(17q)

Acute myeloid leukemia associated with isochromosome 17q [i(17q)].


Type D Lymphomatoid Papulosis

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis which mimics primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8-positive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma.


Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Type

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis characterized by the presence of more than 5 x 10^9/L abnormal B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and presence of the characteristic immunophenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This type of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis evolves to chronic lymphocytic leukemia at a rate of 1-2% per year.


Benign Vaginal Melanocytic Nevus

A neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the proliferation of nests of benign melanocytes.


Monoblastic Sarcoma

A less common form of myeloid sarcoma composed of monoblasts.  Monoblastic sarcoma may precede or occur simultaneously with acute monoblastic leukemia. (WHO 2001)


Aphakia

The absence of the crystalline lens of the eye.


Paraganglioma-Like Dermal Melanocytic Tumor

A benign primary melanocytic tumor of the skin that presents as a dermal nodule. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of paraganglioma-like features that include a nested growth pattern of the tumor cells. The nests are composed of epithelioid cells and are separated by delicate fibrous strands. Cytoplasmic melanin is not present; however immunohistochemical studies have confirmed the melanocytic lineage of the tumor cells.


Recurrent Low Grade Astrocytoma

The reemergence of a low grade astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Digestive System Fistula

An abnormal communication between any part of the digestive system and another organ or cavity.


Stage IV Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Delirium due to a general medical condition

A disorder characterized by the acute and sudden development of changes in attention, memory, language and/or perception that can be etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequences of a general medical condition.


Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ

Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0). Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Granular Cell Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma characterized by the presence of large numbers of neoplastic cells with granular, PAS-positive cytoplasm. It is associated with an aggressive clinical course.


Umbilical granuloma

Excessive granulation tissue at the base of the umbilicus after separation.


Refractory Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Variant

A term referring to cases of small lymphocytic lymphomas with an increased number of paraimmunoblasts or with signet-ring-like lymphocytes.


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte predominance type refractory

An antiquated term that refers either to nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or to lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Acinar Cystic Transformation of the Pancreas

A non-neoplastic cystic lesion of the pancreas lined by benign-appearing acinar and ductal epithelium. (WHO 2019)


Cocaine dependence, episodic

Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cocaine, which is associated with a pattern of episodic use.


Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T1-4b, N1b, M0); (T1-4b, N2b, M0); (T1-4b, N2c, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T1-4b: Ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  N1b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2c: Cutaneous melanoma with intralymphatic metastases (in transit or satellite metastases) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm

Cancer that is spread throughout the body, a metastatic phenomenon.


Non-Neoplastic Esophageal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the esophagus. Representative examples include infections, ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.


Stage I Fallopian Tube Cancer

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0); IC (T1c, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor limited to the fallopian tube(s).  T1a: Tumor limited to one tube, without penetrating the serosal surface; no ascites.  T1b: Tumor limited to both tubes, without penetrating the serosal surface; no ascites.  T1c: Tumor limited to one or both tubes with extension onto or through the tubal serosa, or with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Invasive Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma with Squamous Differentiation

An invasive urothelial carcinoma of the ureter that exhibits squamous differentiation.


Childhood Pigmented Spindle Cell Nevus

A pigmented spindle cell nevus that occurs during childhood.


Stage II Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than or equal to 4 cm. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm or with subserosal invasion or involvement of the mesoappendix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor

A testicular Sertoli cell tumor characterized by the presence of large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm in a myxoid and hyalinized stroma. Calcifications may be present in the stroma. Malignant behavior is uncommon.


Congenital Bleeding Disorder

A bleeding disorder that is diagnosed during childhood, with the presenting symptom of excessive bleeding.


Other and Unspecified Infectious and Parasitic Diseases and their Sequelae

Unspecified infectious and parasitic diseases and their sequelae other than those otherwise specified.


Acute Myocardial Injury with Myocarditis Related to COVID-19

Acute myocardial injury with clinical, imaging, and or pathology evidence supporting myocarditis in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Current Cytomegalovirus Infection

Cytomegalovirus infection is evident at the time of testing.


Stage IV Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Tumor has involved (biopsy-proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum, or has spread to adjacent organs. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis including inguinal lymph nodes, lung, liver, bone, or intraperitoneal metastases. Metastases to pelvic or paraaortic lymph nodes, or vagina are excluded. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Low Grade Liver Dysplastic Nodule

A hepatic dysplastic nodule characterized by the presence of low grade atypical cellular changes.


Advanced Carcinoma Of Unknown Primary

A carcinoma of unknown primary that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Recurrent Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

The reemergence of a primary malignant central nervous system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Postpartum Uterine Inversion

Protrusion of the uterine fundus through the cervix when the placenta fails to detach from the uterus as it exits.


Human Papillomavirus-Independent Cervical Adenocarcinoma

Cervical adenocarcinoma not associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to distal anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T1-4b, N1a, M0); (T1-4b, N2a, M0); (T1-4a, N1b, M0); (T1-4a, N2b, M0); (T1-4a, N2c, M0).  T1-4b: Ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  T1-4a: Non-ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  N1a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2c: Cutaneous melanoma with intralymphatic metastases (in transit or satellite metastases) without metastatic nodes.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Cervical Squamous Neoplasm

A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the cervix. Representative examples include condyloma acuminatum, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of bladder

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the bladder.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Unresectable Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Signet Ring Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of signet ring cells in the affected glands.


Focal acute inflammation

An inflammatory process characterized by the localized collection of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.


Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia CNS 3 Toronto Guidelines v2

Clinical signs of CNS involvement or blasts in CSF and WBC > or = 5/uL CSF and either: RBC < 10/uL CSF or RBC > or = 10/uL CSF and WBC/RBC in CSF > 2x WBC/RBC in blood. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Childhood Pancreatoblastoma

A pancreatoblastoma that occurs during childhood. It is the most common malignant pancreatic  neoplasm in children younger than ten years of age.


Recurrent Childhood Kidney Neoplasm

The reemergence of renal neoplasm in childhood after a period of remission.


FIGO Stage IB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Recurrent Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia

The reemergence of aggressive NK-cell leukemia after a period of remission.


Benign neoplasm of pineal gland

A neoplasm that arises from the pineal region and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis

Progression of polycythemia vera characterized by decreased erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis, reticulin and collagen fibrosis of the bone marrow, leucoerythroblastic reaction in the peripheral blood, poikilocytosis, tear-drop shaped red blood cells, and splenomegaly.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage 0


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline DDX41 Mutation

An autosomal dominant familial myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia syndrome characterized by inherited mutations in the gene on chromosome 5 encoding the DEAD box RNA helicase DDX41. Patients usually present with leukopenia, hypocellular bone marrow with prominent erythroid dysplasia and a normal karyotype, often leading to erythroleukemia. The prognosis is generally poor. (WHO 2017)


Unresectable Glioma

A glioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


carcinoma of epididymis

A rare carcinoma that arises from the epididymis.


Visual Pathway Neoplasm

A neoplasm that affects the visual pathway.


Polyclonal Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder


Recurrent Primary Bone Lymphoma

The reemergence of primary lymphoma of bone after a period of remission.


Metastatic Appendix Carcinoma

Carcinoma of the appendix that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


AIDS-Related Anal Carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the anus and occurring in HIV-positive patients. Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to the general male population. Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus is detected in the majority of the cases.


Schwannoma of the Seventh Cranial Nerve

A benign, usually encapsulated slow growing tumor composed of Schwann cells affecting the seventh cranial nerve.


Locally Advanced Bladder Carcinoma

A bladder carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Congenital Hand and Foot Deformity

A malformation in the hand or foot that is present at birth. Representative examples include syndactyly, polydactyly, brachydactyly, and thumb hypoplasia.


Chronic esophagitis

A chronic inflammatory process affecting the esophageal wall.


Low Grade Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A low grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung.  This category includes typical carcinoid tumor.


Chest Pain in Left Second Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the second intercostal space on the left side.


Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

An antiquated term for a diffuse B-or T-cell lymphoma composed of small cleaved lymphocytes, occurring in adults.


Recurrent T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia

The reemergence of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia after a period of remission.


Mixed acidophil-basophil carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic and basic dyes.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted

An oligodendroglioma carrying IDH gene family mutation and combined whole-arm losses of 1p and 19q (1p/19q codeletion).


Tissue Breakdown

A process caused by injury or disease or aging and characterized by a partial/complete disruption of tissue. The disruption may be temporary or permanent and may be associated with either (1) impairment or (2) loss of function of the affected organ(s) or system(s).


Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

A squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Outer Hair Sheath and Infundibulum Neoplasm

A neoplasm involving the outer hair sheath and infundibulum.


Magnocellular nevus

A benign neoplastic melanocytic proliferation within or adjacent to the optic disk. It presents as a pigmented, intraocular tumor.


Pediatric and/or Germline Mutation-Associated Myeloid Disorders

A group of myeloid disorders that occur in childhood and/or are associated with germline gene mutations. It includes juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia-like neoplasm, refractory cytopenia of childhood, Noonan syndrome-associated myeloproliferative disorder, and myeloid neoplasm with germline predisposition.


Folate deficiency anemia due to dietary causes

Anemia caused by folate deficiency due to insufficient dietary intake.


Stage IVB Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Central Nervous System Hemangioblastoma

A rare, slow-growing, WHO grade I tumor of uncertain histogenesis that arises from the central nervous system. It is composed of stromal cells and abundant capillaries. It can occur sporadically or as part of von Hippel- Lindau syndrome.


Juxtaglomerular tumor

A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm arising from the cortex of the kidney. It secrets renin and the patients usually present with severe hypertension and marked hypokalemia. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of sheets of polygonal or spindle-shaped neoplastic cells forming a hemangiopericytic pattern.


Body Substance Discharge

The leakage of a substance from an orifice or wound.


Clinical Stage IIB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Giant Fibrovascular Esophageal Polyp

A benign, elongated intraluminal polypoid neoplasm of the esophagus.  It is characterized by the presence of adipose tissue lobules separated by dense fibrous tissue bands and dilated blood vessels.  The polyp is covered by normal squamous epithelium.


Liver Congenital Hemangioma

A hemangioma that arises from the liver and is present at birth. The majority involute in infancy.


Persistent Hyaloid Vessels

A congenital abnormality of the eye caused by failure of regression of the fetal eye vasculature.


Metastatic Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma

Non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Transport Injury

An injury to an individual during transport between or to/from departments or facilities.


Gastric Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation

An invasive urothelial carcinoma that exhibits glandular differentiation.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Localized Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma, Gastric Foveolar Type

An unusual, well differentiated adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of tall malignant columnar cells with mucin-containing cytoplasm and basally located nuclei.


Non-T Non-B CALLA Negative Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Non-T non-B, CALLA negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Metastatic Appendix Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Pedestrian Injury By Road Vehicle

An injury to a pedestrian sustained by a vehicle that travels on the road.


Stage IB Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophil

A disorder caused by a dysfunction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).


Closed traumatic dislocation of glenohumeral joint

A closed dislocation of the shoulder


Stage 0 Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ (intramucosal carcinoma; invasion of the lamina propria or extension into but not through the muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Ureter urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor that can be diagnosed only by microscopy with maximum depth of invasion equal or less than 5 mm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage IB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: Vulvar cancer with tumor size greater than 2 cm, or any size with stromal invasion more than 1.0 mm, confined to the vulva or perineum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Kappa Light Chain-Restriction

An increase in the ratio of cells expressing the immunoglobulin light chain (Ig LC) kappa versus those expressing Ig LC lambda in a sample.


Neoplastic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy.  It is characterized by the presence of tissue destruction and effacement of the architecture of the involved tissues. It includes the following variants: polymorphic, monomorphic, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.


Recurrent T/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


Stage 0 Vaginal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ (preinvasive carcinoma). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusion

A group of rare round and spindle cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of EWSR1 or FUS fusions involving partners unrelated to the ETS gene family. This category includes EWSR1-NFATC2, EWSR1-PATZ1, and FUS-NFATC2 sarcomas.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIA2 includes: T2a2, N0, M0. T2a2: Tumor with involvement limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial invasion measuring more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T1-2a, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X).  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less. cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  Gleason X: Gleason score cannot be processed.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b, G1); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b, G2, G3, or GX); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c, Any G). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M1a: Intraperitoneal acellular mucin, without identifiable tumor cells in the disseminated peritoneal mucinous deposits. M1b: Intraperitoneal metastasis only, including peritoneal mucinous deposits containing tumor cells. M1c: Metastasis to sites other than peritoneum. G1: Well differentiated. G2: Moderately differentiated. G3: Poorly differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Uterine Cervix Cyst

A cyst in the uterine cervix.


Hallucinogen dependence, continuous

Physical and psychological dependence on hallucinogenics, which is associated with a pattern of continuous use.


Regressing Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

The disappearance of the melanoma cells from the primary non-cutaneous melanoma site.


IgM monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance defined by a serum IgM paraprotein concentration less than 30g/L; bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of less than 10%; and no evidence of anemia, constitutional symptoms, hyperviscocity, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or other end-organ damage that can be attributed to the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. It is a precursor condition that may progress to lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/ Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, other B-cell neoplasms, or primary amyloidosis. Progression to plasma cell myeloma occurs rarely, if at all. (WHO 2017)


Stage IIIB Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Benign Breast Neoplasm

A childhood neoplasm that arises from the breast and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Secondary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the central nervous system following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Malignant gastrinoma of pancreas

A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the pancreas.  It is characterized by inappropriate secretion of gastrin and associated with Zollinger Ellison syndrome.  It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Benign nipple neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the nipple and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Intermediate Chondrogenic Neoplasm

A locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing cartilaginous matrix-producing neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic chondrocytes.


Liver Teratoma

A teratoma that arises from the liver.


Non-Organic Failure to Thrive

Failure to thrive caused by inadequate intake due to environmental influences, stimulus deprivation- poverty, feeding techniques, or psychological reason, and without any apparent growth-inhibiting organic disorder.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Urethral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A rare urethral squamous cell carcinoma that is related to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the urinary tract.


Papillary mucinous cystadenoma, borderline malignancy

A low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm usually arising from the ovary. It is composed of glandular cells with intracytoplasmic mucin. It is characterized by an atypical epithelial proliferation and a papillary growth pattern. There is no evidence of destructive stromal invasion.


Locally Advanced Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues.


Stage IIA Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(11;17)(q13;q21)

Acute myeloid leukemia with the variant RARA t(11;17)(q13;q21) and the expression of NUMA1-RARA fusion protein.


Childhood Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


familial meningioma

A meningioma that is transmitted from the parents to an offspring.


Stage III Low-CSD Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: Any T, N1-3, M0.  Stage III is divided into three pathologic subgroups: IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.  There are no clinical subgroups for stage III.  N1: Cutaneous melanoma with metastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2: Cutaneous melanoma with metastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Acute on chronic right heart failure

Acute decompensation of chronic right heart failure.


Unresectable Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Morbidly adherent placenta (disorder)

A condition in which the placenta implants abnormally into the uterine myometrium, rather than implanting into the uterine decidua basalis as is normal.


Stage IVB Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M1b: Metastasis in the bone or other distant sites. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A psychological or behavioral condition that existed previously and is genetic in nature.


Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system or the thoracic organs.


clear cell type neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical cells with clear cytoplasm.


Stage IIA1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA1 includes: T2a1, N0, M0.  Tumor invades beyond uterus but no to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. No parametrial invasion.  T2a1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Spindle cell melanoma, type A

A melanoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle-shaped melanocytes with slender nuclei and no visible nucleoli. Representative example is the type A spindle cell uveal melanoma.


Post-traumatic wound infection

Infection of a break in the skin or other tissue.


Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T2, N0, M0, G3); IIB (T3, N0, M0, Any G); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G).  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. G3: Poorly differentiated.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Anogenital papillomaviral intraepithelial neoplasia


Ovarian Rupture

Tearing or disruption of the ovarian tissue.


Gastric Juvenile Polyp

A non-neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of elongated, tortuous, and cystic foveolar zones, edematous changes, and inflammation.  It may be associated with juvenile polyposis in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.


Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis affecting the bone.


Low Grade Conjunctival Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process with low-grade dysplastic features involving the conjunctival epithelium.


Radiation necrosis

Tissue necrosis due to radiation exposure.


Metastatic Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A midgut neuroendocrine tumor G3 that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Epidemic Myalgia

A condition in which there is myositis secondary to an infectious etiology. (ACC/AHA)


Recurrent AL Amyloidosis

The reemergence of AL amyloidosis after a period of remission.


Serous cystadenoma, borderline malignancy

A serous cystic glandular epithelial neoplasm of low malignant potential. It is characterized by the presence of atypical or malignant glandular epithelial cells with an absence of stromal invasion.


Critical illness polyneuromyopathy

Polyneuropathy and myopathy arising in intensive care unit patients.


Ann Arbor Stage II Subdiaphragmatic Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma


Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Lugano Classification Stage I Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymphatic site (i.e., nodal region, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Urinary straining

The need to increase intra-abdominal pressure in order to initiate and maintain voiding.


Somatostatinoma, malignant

A neuroendocrine tumor arising from delta cells which produce somatostatin. It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced

A neoplasm that develops as a result of exposure to radiation.


COVID-19-Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalitis

Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: IIIA1: T1/2, N1, M0; IIIA2: T3a, N0/N1, M0. T1: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube(s). T2: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor involving fallopian tubes with pelvic extension below pelvic brim. T3a: Fallopian tube cancer with microscopic extrapelvic (above the pelvic brim) peritoneal involvement with or without positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma

A transitional cell carcinoma characterized by a micropapillary growth pattern. Typical example is the micropapillary variant of infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma.


Glioneuroma of ciliary body

A congenital choristoma in the ciliary body. It consists of a mass of mature glial and neuronal cells without neoplastic potential in an otherwise healthy child; there is usually an adjacent coloboma of the anterior uvea and retina. (WHO 2018)


Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy

A subtype of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) occurring in approximately 40 percent of boys with ALD, primarily affecting the cerebrum, resulting in rapidly declining neurocognitive function and in most patients, premature death.


Clinical Chemistry Finding

The results of any chemical or enzymatic analyses of body fluids and tissues of an organism.


Refractory Ocular Melanoma

Ocular melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


Increased Time To Concomitant Drug Peak Blood Concentration

Increased time following concomitant drug administration at which the peak drug blood concentration occurs.


Castration-Naive Prostate Carcinoma

Advanced prostatic carcinoma which was not previously treated with androgen-deprivation therapy.


Withdrawal (dysfunction)

A social or emotional detachment, pathological retreat from objective reality, interpersonal contact and social involvement, as in some forms of schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid, avoidant, or schizotypal personality disorders.


Muscular Dystrophy Secondary to Oxidative Phosphorylation Disorder

A muscular dystrophy that was caused by a primary disorder of oxidative phosphorylation.


Refractory Malignant Skin Neoplasm

Malignant skin neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into subserosa or into mesoappendix.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Heavy Chain Class-Switched Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by class-switched immunoglobulin heavy chain expression. The majority of cases are IgG-positive.


COVID-19-Associated Albuminuria

Albuminuria caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Intraductal papillary neoplasm with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia

An intraductal papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial atypia.


Stage 0a Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0a includes: Ta, N0, M0. Ta: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Non-invasive papillary carcinoma. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Defective Gamma Heavy Chain Present

An indication that cells expressing a mutated or defective form of immunoglobulin heavy chain gamma have been detected in a sample.


Stage IIIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscular layer.  T2: Tumor invades perimuscular connective tissue; no extension beyond serosa or into liver. T3: Tumor perforates the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invades the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts.  N1: Metastases to nodes along the cystic duct, common bile duct, hepatic artery, and/or portal vein. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Phobia of driving

An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of operating a motor vehicle.


Refractory Bladder Carcinoma

Bladder carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IIIC Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T3: Tumor larger than 5 cm. T4: Tumor of any size invading adjacent organ(s), such as the vagina, urethra, or bladder. N1: Metastasis in inguinal, mesorectal, internal iliac, or external iliac nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Facial Nerve Palsy Related to Trauma

Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of an individual's face that is caused by trauma.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(3;21)(q26.2;q22.1); MECOM-RUNX1

An acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(3;21)(q26.2;q22.1) resulting in the expression of MECOM-RUNX1 fusion gene.


Chemotherapy-Related Leukemia

A leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents that are used for the treatment of a malignant tumor.


Posterior Fossa Ependymoma

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises in the posterior fossa. The diagnosis of posterior fossa ependymoma should be made either when molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling cannot assign a molecular group (not elsewhere classified -NEC) or when the molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling was unsuccessful or not reported (not otherwise specified-NOS).


WHO Grade 4 Glioma

A group of malignant gliomas that includes the following: glioblastoma; diffuse midline glioma; diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant; astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 4; and diffuse pediatric-type high grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype.


Recurrent Appendix Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of appendix adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Angiomatoid Nodule

A nodule that contains vascular spaces lined by endothelial cells.


Renal hemangioblastoma

A rare hemangioblastoma that arises from the kidney.


Poorly Differentiated Malignant Neoplasm

A neoplasm whose histologic characteristics have regressed and are more similar to stem cells.


Advanced Digestive System Carcinoma

Digestive system carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in which information on the p16 immunohistochemistry or HPV testing status is not available.


Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm with Isolated Isochromosome 17q

A new provisional entity under the umbrella of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, not otherwise specified. It is characterized by the presence of isochromosome 17q. The clinical course is aggressive.


Acute right-sided heart failure

New or worsening signs of right heart failure.


Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the vestibulocochlear nerve.


Metastatic Vulvar Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the vulva and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Post inflammatory hydrocephalus

An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain that occurs as a consequence of a central nervous system inflammation.


Current HIV Infection

Human immunodeficiency virus infection is evident at the time of testing.


Localized Cerebral Neoplasm

A cerebral neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Infection of hemodialysis catheter

A local or systemic infection associated with the use of a hemodialysis catheter.


Urothelial carcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Cranial Nerve Infection

An infectious process affecting a cranial nerve.


Stage IB Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (pT2, N0, M0, S0); (pT3, N0, M0, S0); (pT4, N0, M0, S0). pT2: Testicular cancer which is limited to testis (including rete testis invasion) with lymphovascular invasion or invades hilar soft tissue or epididymis or penetrates visceral mesothelial layer covering the external surface of tunica albuginea with or without lymphovascular invasion. pT3: Testicular cancer in which the tumor invades spermatic cord with or without lymphovascular invasion. pT4: Testicular cancer in which the tumor invades scrotum with or without lymphovascular invasion. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Tuberculosis of urinary organs

The infection of a urinary organ due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Contact dermatitis due to dichromate

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by exposure to dichromate.


Vaginal Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of polygonal squamous cells. Intercellular bridges and cytoplasmic keratinization may be present, but keratin pearls are absent.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia-related after a period of remission.


Micropapillary carcinoma

A carcinoma characterized by the presence of a predominant micropapillary pattern.


Transfusion Dependent Beta Thalassemia

Beta thalassemia that results in severe anemia and requires regular blood transfusions for patient survival.


Noonan Syndrome-Associated Myeloproliferative Disorder

A transient myeloproliferative disorder that is associated with Noonan syndrome and occurs in the first year of life. It is associated with germline mutations in PTPN11, KRAS, NRAS, or RIT1 genes.


Locally Recurrent Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of skin squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Pancreaticobiliary Malunion

An abnormality of the pancreatic and biliary ducts in which their junction occurs above the duodenal wall.


Stage IVA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, G1.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Intraperitoneal metastasis beyond the right lower quadrant, including pseudomyxoma peritonei.  G1: Well differentiated tumor.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Kidney Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A rare solitary fibrous tumor arising from the kidney.


Lugano Classification Adult Lymphoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A staging system for adult Hodgkin and adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas based on the Lugano classification criteria. This staging system does not apply to ocular adnexal lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for ocular adnexal lymphoma), pediatric lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for pediatric lymphoma), primary cutaneous lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for primary cutaneous lymphoma), and multiple myelomas (are staged according to the classification for plasma cell myeloma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adult Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges occurring in adults.  Representative examples of primary neoplasms include astrocytoma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, and neurilemoma.  Representative examples of tumor metastases from other organs to the central nervous system include lung and breast carcinoma.


Locally Advanced Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Benign Diencephalic Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the diencephalon and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA 20 or more, Grade Group 1-4; IIIB: T3-4, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 1-4; IIIC: Any T, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 5. T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. T3: Prostate cancer with extraprostatic tumor that is not fixed or does not invade adjacent structures. T4: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. Grade Group 5: Gleason Score 9 or 10, Gleason Pattern 4+5, or 5+4, or 5+5. (AJCC 8th ed.)


recurrent gastric cancer

The reemergence of gastric carcinoma after a period of remission.


Coinfection of COVID-19 with Other Respiratory Infections

A respiratory infection that is diagnosed concurrently during an episode of acute illness caused by SARS-CoV-2.


Chronic superficial gastritis

Persistent inflammation of the superficial portion of the gastric mucosa.  It is a condition that predisposes to the development of ulcer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.


Stage II Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring 2-4 cm. T3: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring more than 4 cm; or tumor invading the duodenum or bile duct. N0: No regional lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bladder Hemangioma

A hemangioma that arises from the bladder. Most tumors occur in adults.


Primary malignant neoplasm of independent multiple sites

A malignant neoplasm arising in multiple primary sites.


Abnormal Glucose Level Finding

A finding that either fasting or postprandial blood glucose levels are above or below the normal thresholds.


Lymphoma/Leukemia by Kiel Classification (Antiquated)


Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Corneal decompensation

Endothelial decompensation that is manifested by opacity of the cornea. The condition often occurs as a nonspecific response to mechanical injury from incidental corneal contact by intraocular instruments during surgery; chemical injury from the improper use of intraocular drugs, drugs containing preservatives, or from residues from inadequate rinsing of detergents or other residues from surgical instruments. The most common causes of corneal endothelial decompensation in the adult population are cataract removal/IOL-related endothelial loss and Fuchs dystrophy. When severe, corneal endothelial decompensation requires corneal transplantation.


Stage IIIB Gastric Carcinoma

Stage IIIB includes: (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0).  T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Congenital Systemic Disorder

An inherited disorder that presents with systemic manifestations.


Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Acute Myocardial Injury with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Related to COVID-19

Acute myocardial injury with evidence of new systolic dysfunction with reduced left ventricular ejection (LVEF less than 50%) in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

An intraepithelial lesion of the vulvar squamous epithelium associated with HPV infection. It is characterized by loss of maturation, nuclear hyperchromasia, high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios, cytological and architectural atypia, and mitoses. Two morphological patterns have been described: basaloid (undifferentiated) and warty (condylomatous, bowenoid). It carries a significant but relatively low risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma if untreated. (WHO 2020)


Stage I Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6

Stage I includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Melanoma is less than or equal to 1.0mm in thickness with or without ulceration.  T1b: Melanoma is less than or equal to 1.0mm in thickness and level IV or V with ulceration. T2a: Melanoma 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, no ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.-2003


Cortical Cataract Grade 3

A stage of cortical cataract characterized by 50-90% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Gastric Schwannoma

A rare schwannoma that arises from the stomach.  It follows a benign clinical course.


Climacteric arthritis

Arthritis that occurs during menopause.


Advanced Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Adult Diffuse Astrocytoma

A low grade (WHO grade II) astrocytoma occurring during adulthood.  It is characterized by a high degree of cellular differentiation, slow growth, and diffuse infiltration of neighboring brain structures.


Chronic systolic heart failure

Chronic congestive heart failure due to reduced contractility of the left ventricle.


Recurrent Ependymal Tumor

The reemergence of an ependymal tumor after a period of remission.


Stage III Vulvar Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor of any size with contiguous spread to the lower urethra and/or vagina or anus. N1: Unilateral regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Metastatic Giant Cell Urothelial Carcinoma

Giant cell urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to anus

An epithelial or non-epithelial malignant neoplasm that has spread to the anus from another anatomic site.


Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma

The reemergence of Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Neoplastic Nodule

A benign or malignant growth composed of proliferating neoplastic cells.


Low Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Anal canal or perianal skin intraepithelial neoplasia with mild dysplasia.


Botryoid odontogenic cyst

The multicystic variant of lateral periodontal cyst. (WHO 2017)


Malignant Accessory Urethral Gland Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm involving the accessory urethral glands.


Condyloma anal

A human papillomavirus-related neoplasm arising from the anus. Morphologically, it is characterized by an exophytic papillary proliferation of squamous cells and acanthosis.


Focal Mammary Duct Ectasia

Localized widening of the lumen of the mammary ducts.


Metastatic Bladder Sarcomatoid Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Factor Negative

A category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis defined by the presence of arthritis affecting five or more separate joints during the first six months of disease, with negative serologic testing for rheumatoid factor.


Childhood L1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Neoplasm of lacrimal duct

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the lacrimal duct.


Sickle Beta Plus Thalassemia

A mild form of sickle cell thalassemia characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S and a small amount of hemoglobin A in the red blood cells. It is characterized by the presence of small red blood cells and mild anemia.


Refractory Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Anaplastic (Malignant) Meningioma

The reemergence of anaplastic (malignant) meningioma after a period of remission.


Biclonal gammopathy

A primary disturbance in immunoglobulin synthesis characterized by the presence of two distinct monoclonal immunoglobulins in the serum or urine.


Cyst of biliary tract

A cystic dilatation that occurs in any part of the biliary tree.


Malignant Lymphoma, Large Cell Type

An antiquated term that refers to a morphologic variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which is composed predominantly or exclusively of large neoplastic lymphocytes.


Decreased NCF4 Expression

An indication that the expression of NCF4 is lower than the normal range of values.


Bladder Sphincter Dysfunction

Non-coordinated, reflexive contraction of the bladder and sphincter relaxation.


Injury of lumbar spinal cord

An injury to the lumbar spinal cord.


Congenital supraventricular tachycardia

A disorder present at birth characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia that originates above the ventricles.


Recurrent Diffuse Astrocytoma

The reemergence of diffuse astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Malignant Bone Neoplasm

Malignant bone neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Invasive Microcystic Urothelial Carcinoma

Invasive urothelial carcinoma characterized by microcysts formation.


Stage IVA Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Diffuse or disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extra-lymphatic organs with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated (non-contiguous) extra-lymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s) or any involvement of liver, bone marrow, lungs (except by direct extension from another site) or CSF. No constitutional symptoms are recorded. This definition applies to both tiers (tier 1 and 2). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Gallbladder Papillary Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


Recurrent Aplastic Anemia

The reemergence of aplastic anemia after a period of remission.


Vaginal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gastric-Type

Vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of gastric differentiation.


Aromatic Dyes-Related Malignant Neoplasm


Childhood Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Low Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma

A low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that occurs during childhood.


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage I

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (Rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Adult Primary Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

A primary meningeal melanocytic neoplasm that occurs in adults.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left anterior axillary line.


Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: (T1a, N0, M0, G2, 3-4); (T1b, N0, M0, Any G); (T1c, N0, M0, Any G); (T1, N0, M0, Any G); (T2, N0, M0, Any G).  T1: Clinically inapparent tumor neither palpable nor visible by imaging.  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g. because of elevated PSA).  T2: Tumor confined with in the prostate.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia) (Gleason 5-6). G 3-4: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia) (Gleason 7-10).  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Treatment related leukaemia

A leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents that are used for the treatment of a malignant tumor or exposure to ionizing radiation.


Adult Grade II Meningioma

A grade II meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


Appendix High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion that affects the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Metastatic Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Serum CA 19-9 Elevated

The amount of cancer antigen 19-9 present in a serum sample is elevated.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage III


Conjunctival Junctional Nevus

A junctional nevus that arises from the conjunctiva. It occurs almost exclusively in the juxtalimbal bulbar conjunctiva. It is characterized by an intraepithelial proliferation of type A nevus cells and/ or type B nevus cells.


Grade III Childhood Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


Locally Advanced Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Monomorphic T/NK-Cell Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by destructive infiltration of lymph nodes and extranodal sites by a monotonous population of transformed T-lymphocytes/NK-cells.  The clonal cellular infiltrates fulfill the criteria for any of the T-cell or natural killer cell lymphomas.


Refractory Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Congenital Adrenal Gland Disorder

A genetic disorder that affects the adrenal gland.  It includes adrenal gland hyperplasia and adrenal gland hypoplasia.


Non-Neoplastic Gonadal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the testis or the ovary. Representative examples include gonadal agenesis, dysgenesis, and hypogonadism.


Stage IV Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  N1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Schizophrenia, Childhood

Schizophrenia occurring in childhood.


Invasive Prostate Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is not confined to the prostatic epithelium but has spread to the surrounding stroma of the prostate gland.  The vast majority of invasive prostate carcinomas are adenocarcinomas.


Retroperitoneal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the retroperitoneum.


Non-Neoplastic Anal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anus. Representative examples include hemorrhoids, ulcers, and infections.


Benign Accessory Urethral Gland Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the accessory urethral glands and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage II Non-Contiguous Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Childhood Ependymal Tumor

An ependymal tumor that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage II Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T2, N0, M0; IIB: T3, N0, M0. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but equal to or smaller than 5 cm. T3: Tumor larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage M2 Childhood Ependymoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Visible metastasis in brain. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Aggressive Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Prostate adenocarcinoma that metastasizes quickly to other anatomic sites. It usually has a Gleason score between 8 and 10, a PSA level higher than 20 ng/ml, and is classified as T3b or T4.


Stage IVC Oral Cavity Verrucous Carcinoma


Kidney Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An epithelial neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the kidney.  It includes neuroendocrine tumor, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and paraganglioma.


Cancer-Associated Anorexia

Loss of appetite associated with cancer or its treatment.


Locally Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Chronic Right Heart Failure

Persistent and long-standing right heart failure.


Advanced Mucosal Melanoma

Mucosal melanoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Schizophrenia, Disorganized

A subtype of schizophrenia characterized by disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and a flat or inappropriate affect; associated features include grimacing, mannerisms, and other oddities of behavior. Criteria for the catatonic type of schizophrenia are not met.


Cervical Stratified Mucin-Producing Intraepithelial Lesion

A rare, human papillomavirus-associated premalignant glandular intraepithelial neoplasm that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of stratiﬁed, immature epithelial cells containing varying quantities of intracytoplasmic mucin. There is no evidence of stromal invasion. It is distinct from conventional cervical squamous or glandular intraepithelial neoplasias.


Metanephric Tumor

A neoplasm arising from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct areas of the kidney.


Localized Neoplasm

A neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


COVID-19-Associated Hematuria

Hematuria caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Benign neuroendocrine tumor

A paraganglioma that is confined to the site of origin.


Continent Epispadias

Epispadias with urinary continence.


Therapy-Related Toxicity - Acceptable to Patient

Indicates that a toxicity adverse effect has been experienced by a patient, but it is not severe enough for the patient to discontinue the treatment.


Ann Arbor Stage I Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma


stenosis of supravalvular pulmonary artery

Stenosis of the pulmonary artery that occurs above the valve.


Abscess of adrenal gland

An abscess that is located in the adrenal gland.


Stage I Esophageal Cancer

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  TI: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) -2003


Enteropathic spondylitis

A form of spondyloarthritis that is found in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease.


Adult Acute Erythroid Leukemia

An acute erythroid leukemia occurring in adults.


Cervical Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A cervical adenocarcinoma that cannot be classified by WHO criteria or International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC).


Stage IS Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IS includes: Any pT/TX, N0, M0, S1-3. TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S1: LDH less than 1.5 x N and hCG (mlU/mL) less than 5,000 and AFP (ng/mL) less than 1,000. S2: LDH 1.5-10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) 5,000-50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) 1,000-10,000. S3: LDH more than 10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) more than 50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) more than 10,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Midclavicular Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along an imaginary vertical line on the chest originating from the midpoint of a clavicle.


Senile Sebaceous Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. It is usually seen as small yellow papules in the face of middle aged-older population.


Malignant blue nevus of skin

A rare melanoma which develops in a pre-existing blue nevus. It occurs more frequently on the scalp, face, orbit, back, buttocks, extremities, hands, and feet.


Thoracic Diseases

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thorax and/or the organs of the thoracic cavity.  Representative examples include pleural infection, mediastinitis, thymoma, mediastinal lymphoma, and pleural mesothelioma.


Localized Esophageal Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma that is confined to the site in which it initially manifested without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Appendix Traditional Serrated Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by prominent serration of the glands.


Sign

Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining healthcare provider.


Irritation

A mild inflammatory tissue reaction; it can be caused by physical contact with an irritant or can be a local response to a systemic trigger.


Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from an anatomic site other than the lung.


Clinical Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any T, Tis, N1 or More, M0. Tis: Melanoma in situ. Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. N1: One tumor-involved node or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with no tumor-involved nodes. N2: Two or three tumor-involved nodes or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with one tumor-involved node. N3: Four or more tumor-involved nodes or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with two or more tumor-involved nodes, or any number of matted nodes without or with in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Plasma Cell Leukemia

The reemergence of plasma cell leukemia after a period of remission.


Gliomatosis Cerebri Type I

A classic form of gliomatosis cerebri. It is characterized by diffuse growth of neoplastic glial tissue without any focal mass.


Refractory Glioma

Glioma that does not respond to treatment.


cytotoxicity

The adverse effect of some iatrogenic therapies. It is an accepted side effect in radiation therapy where the desired effect is to kill rapidly growing tumor cells.  In the killing of tumor cells, other cells that are rapidly growing e.g hair, mucous membranes are also killed.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with FUS-ERG

Acute myeloid leukemia associated with FUS-ERG gene fusion. The prognosis is poor.


Splenic marginal zone lymphoma stage III


Clotting of extracorporeal circuit

Thrombus formation within an apparatus that carries blood outside of the body, such as pheresis, dialysis or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).


Regional Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has not spread to other regions.


Chronic iridocyclitis

Uveitis that is usually insidious in onset, bilateral, and can be asymptomatic, most often affecting the anterior uveal tract, including the iris and ciliary body, and can result in long-term complications. It is most commonly associated with certain forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but may occur independent of arthritis.


Castration-Sensitive Prostate Carcinoma

Metastatic prostatic carcinoma which is sensitive to androgen-deprivation therapy.


Stage I Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Benign tumor of seminal vesicle

A neoplasm that arises from the seminal vesicle and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ectopic adrenal cortex

A term that refers to the presence of benign adrenal cortical tissue outside the adrenal glands.


Carcinomatosis

Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to an anatomic site or throughout the body.


Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

Cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of maturation in the upper half of the squamous epithelium and conspicuous nuclear atypia which is present in all epithelial layers.  Mitotic figures are present in the basal two thirds of the epithelium.


Prostate cancer stage A

A clinically undetectable tumor confined to the prostate gland, normally an incidental finding during surgery.


Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome-Related Lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises in the context of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.


Melanotic neurofibroma

A rare neurofibroma characterized by the presence of melanin-laden cells and the absence of atypia.


Childhood Malignant Kidney Neoplasm Excluding Renal Cell Carcinoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2, Children's Oncology Group (COG) Protocol

A term that refers to the staging of childhood malignant kidney neoplasms excluding renal cell carcinoma, according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2, Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocol.


Solid carcinoma

A carcinoma morphologically characterized by the presence of solid sheets of malignant epithelial cells in tissues.


Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm

A benign, borderline, or malignant cystic neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas. This category includes pancreatic mucinous-cystic neoplasms, pancreatic cystadenomas, and pancreatic cystadenocarcinomas.


astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 4

IDH-mutant astrocytoma characterized by the presence of necrosis and/or microvascular proliferation or homozygous deletion of CDKN2A and/or CDKN2B genes. The term glioblastoma no longer applies to central nervous system WHO grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas. (WHO 2021)


Maturing Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma characterized by the presence of differentiating neuroblasts, maturing and mature ganglion cells.


Unresectable Paraganglioma

Paraganglioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G3, G4. T3: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Nodular Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of nodules by the proliferating neoplastic cells.


Stage IV Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage IV: Disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extralymphatic sites with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement with distant (nonregional) nodal involvement. (PDQ)


Candidal endocarditis

Endocarditis caused by fungal infection with Candida species.


Metastatic Childhood Malignant Bone Neoplasm by Toronto Guidelines v2

Distant metastases present. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

Acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia-related that is resistant to treatment.


Sharp Chest Pain

The sensation of chest pain described as a stabbing feeling.


Bilateral Thalamic Glioma

A glioma affecting both sides of the thalamus.


Solid Angioleiomyoma

A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the presence of numerous small, slit-like vascular channels.


Childhood Pancreatic Acinar Cell Cystadenocarcinoma

An acinar cell cystadenocarcinoma that arises from the pancreas during childhood.


Air Embolism

The presence of bubbles of air in the vascular system; occurrence is related to the entry of air into the venous circulation following trauma or surgery.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition and Preexisting Platelet Disorders

Hematologic neoplasms associated with germline mutations and familial platelet disorders.


Primary Neoplasm

A tumor at the original site of origin.


Pathologic Stage IIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adult Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with PML-RARA

An acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2); PML-RARA occurring in adults.


Carcinoma of urinary bladder, invasive

A carcinoma that arises from the bladder mucosa and invades the bladder wall.


Infiltrating Cervical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix and invades into the stromal tissue.


Intraoperative injury

Trauma to the body occurring during a surgical intervention.


Invasive Clear Cell (Glycogen-Rich) Urothelial Carcinoma

An invasive urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear (glycogen-rich) cells.


Proximal Urethral Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the proximal part of the urethra.


Foveolar hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the gastric foveolar epithelium.


Diffuse Low Grade Glioma, FGFR1 Tyrosine Kinase Domain-Duplicated

Diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by internal tandem duplications of the sequences in the FGFR1 gene encoding the tyrosine kinase domain.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with Metaplastic Changes


Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-Alpha Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to mutation(s) in the gene HNF1A, encoding the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha. This condition may progress to diabetes later in life.


Injury of brachial plexus

Damage to the nerves in the brachial plexus network. These nerves originate in the spinal column and innervate the shoulder, arm and hand. Often, damage is sustained from overstretching or motor vehicle accidents.


Localized Childhood Malignant Kidney Neoplasm Excluding Renal Cell Carcinoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Protocol

Tumor confined to area of origin including abdominal lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Antepartum Obstetric Air Embolism

Presence of a large air bubble in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the antepartum period.


Immune-mediated adverse reaction

An adverse event resulting from an immune system reaction to a drug or device. It can affect any organ or system.


Examination phobia

An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of taking and failing tests.


Borderline Uterine Ligament Neoplasm

A rare borderline tumor that arises from the broad or other uterine ligaments. The majority of the reported cases are serous cystic tumors.