Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Related to COVID-19


Perihepatic abscess

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An abscess that is located in the anatomical space surrounding the liver, but which is outside of the liver capsule itself.


Panniculitis Ossificans

A condition characterized by subcutaneous fat necrosis with heterotopic calcification. It often occurs as a result of injury to the area.


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube clear cell adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Astler-Coller B3 Rectal Carcinoma

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N0, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0).  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Vaginal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Intestinal-Type

A vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma that resembles the large intestinal adenocarcinoma.


Meningeal Leukemia

Infiltration of the meninges by an acute or chronic leukemia.


Locally Advanced Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Acquired hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus that results from head trauma, brain tumors, intracranial hemorrhage, or meningitis.


Recurrent Childhood Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

The reemergence of undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone in childhood after a period of remission.


Refractory Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs in adulthood and does not respond to treatment.


Metastatic Childhood Retinoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Distant metastases present. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Stage II Extragonadal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor


Myxoid Pleomorphic Liposarcoma

An exceptionally rare, aggressive adipocytic neoplasm, typically occurring in children and adolescents. Myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma shows mixed histological features of conventional myxoid liposarcoma and pleomorphic liposarcoma and lacks the gene fusions and amplifications of myxoid liposarcoma, atypical lipomatous tumor, and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. (WHO 2020)


Pediatric Non-Congenital Ventricular Tachycardia

A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of three or more consecutive complexes of ventricular origin that was not present at birth in an individual under age 21. The QRS complexes are wide and have an abnormal morphology.


Esophageal carcinoma recurrent

An esophageal carcinoma which has reappeared after a period of remission or after presumed treatment.


Stage II Fallopian Tube Cancer

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); IIA: (T2a, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0); IIC (T2c, N0, M0).  T2: Tumor involves one or both fallopian tubes with pelvic extension.  T2a: Extension and/or metastasis to the uterus and/or ovaries.  T2b: Extension to other pelvic structures.  T2c: Pelvic extension with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Hyperviscosity

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An increase in the viscosity of blood resulting from an increase in the proportion of cellular elements of the blood, a change in the mechanical properties of the cellular elements of the blood, and/or an alteration in plasma viscosity.


Stage IB Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IB includes: IB (T1b, N0, M0); IB1(T1b1, N0, M0); IB2 (T1b2, N0, M0). T1b: Clinically visible lesion confined to the cervix or microscopic lesion greater than T1a/IA2. T1b1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1b2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Perceptual Distortion

An incorrect understanding or interpretation of sensory input.


Metastatic High Grade Sarcoma

High grade sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


benign granular cell tumor of gallbladder

A granular cell tumor that arises from the gallbladder and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Aplastic Anemia due to Hepatitis

Bone marrow failure defined as pancytopenia, secondary to hepatitis.


Reticulosarcoma of spleen

An antiquated term that refers to a non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of diffuse infiltrates of large, often anaplastic lymphocytes affecting the spleen.


immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, grade 4

Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) characterized by an immune-effector cell-associated encephalopathy (ICE) tool score of 0, the inability of the affected individual to be arousable without vigorous or repetitive tactile stimuli, life-threatening prolonged (greater than 5 minutes) seizures, or repetitive clinical or electroencephalographically-detected seizures without ever returning to baseline, deep focal motor weakness, diffuse cerebral edema evident on neuroimaging, decerebrate or decorticate posturing, cranial nerve VI palsy, papilledema or Cushing's triad (bradycardia, hypertension, respiratory depression).


Cervical Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the cervix.


Ancylostomiasis due to Ancylostoma braziliense (disorder)

Infection by Ancylostoma braziliense.


Metastatic Cervical Adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Refractory Cutaneous Melanoma

Melanoma of the skin that is resistant to treatment.


Breast Schwannoma

A schwannoma that arises from the breast.


Decreased Concomitant Drug Half Life

Decreased period of time required for the concentration or amount of a concomitant drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one-half of a given concentration or amount.


Gastrointestinal disorder congenital

An abnormality of the digestive system that is present at birth or detected in the neonatal period.


Structural Heart Abnormality

An anatomic deformity of the heart, ventricles or great vessels.


Retinal arteriovenous malformation

A benign vascular lesion characterized by the presence of a complex network of communicating arterial and venous vascular structures in the retina.


Foreign body granuloma of muscle

An inflammatory lesion in the muscle comprised of epithelioid histiocytes and chronic inflammation that is caused by the presence of extraneous material .


Refractory Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent EBV-Related Lymphoma

The reemergence of EBV-related lymphoma after a period of remission.


Paratesticular Adenomatoid Tumor

An adenomatoid tumor arising from the paratesticular structures. It is the most common tumor of the paratesticular region. The tail of the epididymis is the most common site of involvement.


Pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastatic

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the exocrine pancreatic tissue and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


A lymphoproliferative disorder that develops in an individual with HIV infection.


Glioneuronal Tumor with Neuropil-Like Islands

A rare, WHO grade II or III infiltrating astrocytoma characterized by the presence of sharply demarcated foci, composed of a neuropil-like matrix.


Stage IIIC Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any).  T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc. N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


Diabetic foetopathy

A constellation of features seen in the hyperinsulinemic fetus of a diabetic mother that include macrosomia, postnatal hypoglycemia and polycythemia.


Type III Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in which the common pulmonary vein connects to the portal venous system through the diaphragm.


Malignant Outer Hair Sheath and Infundibulum Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the outer hair sheath and infundibulum.


Stage IIA Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Myopathy Secondary to Glycogen Storage Disorder

A myopathy that was caused by a primary disorder of glycogen storage.


Lacrimal Gland Oncocytic Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant epithelial cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Hodgkin's disease of intrapelvic lymph nodes

Stage I Hodgkin lymphoma involving the subdiaphragmatic region.


Vulvar Yolk Sac Tumor

A rare yolk sac tumor that arises from the vulva.


Bone Marrow Mastocytosis

A variant of indolent systemic mastocytosis that affects predominantly older males. It is characterized by a limited degree of bone marrow infiltration by clonal mast cells and an absence of skin involvement. The serum tryptase levels are normal or slightly elevated.


Radiation retinopathy

Injury of the retina following exposure to radiation.  The retinal injury results from occlusive microangiopathy caused by endothelial cell loss.


Stage 0 Vulvar Cancer

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ (preinvasive carcinoma). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Chest Pain in Right Fourth Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the fourth intercostal space on the right side.


Fibroblastic reticular cell neoplasm

A very rare dendritic cell sarcoma affecting the lymph nodes, spleen, and soft tissues. Morphologically it is similar to the interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma or follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. The tumor cells are positive for cytokeratin and CD68.


Bacterial Toxemia

The condition resulting from the spread of bacterial products (toxins) by the bloodstream.


Slipped extraocular muscle

Weakness of extraocular muscle function as a result of inadequate securing of the muscle to the sclera during strabismus surgery.


Excessive weight gain in pregnancy

In a woman with a normal weight pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), i.e. 18.5-24.9, the weight gained during pregnancy exceeds a total weight gain of 35 lbs. In a woman with an underweight pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), i.e. less than 18.5, the weight gained during pregnancy exceeds a total weight gain of 40 lbs. In a woman with an overweight pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), i.e. 25.0-29.9, the weight gained during pregnancy exceeds a total weight gain of 25 lbs. In a woman with an obese pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), i.e. greater than 30, the weight gained during pregnancy exceeds a total weight gain of 20 lbs. These standards are supported for the whole population irrespective of height, race or ethnicity.


Stage IIIA1 Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA1 includes: T1/2, N1, M0. T1: T1: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube(s). T2: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor involving fallopian tubes with pelvic extension below pelvic brim. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia

An acute myelomonocytic leukemia occurring in adults.


Viremia

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of a virus in the blood.


Locally Recurrent Merkel Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of Merkel cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Clinical Stage IIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the digestive system and occurs during childhood.


Deletion of Chromosome 3p Associated Meningioma

A meningioma that is associated with deletion of chromosomal arm 3p.


Metastatic Peritoneal Malignant Mesothelioma

Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Prostate Acinar Pseudohyperplastic Adenocarcinoma

Acinar prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic large glands that resemble the benign, non-neoplastic prostate glands.


Spermatogenic granuloma

A lump of extravasated sperm in the paratesticular region in men who have undergone vasectomy.


Other Finding

An additional finding not previously noted.


Malignant neoplasm occurring in immunodeficient patients.


Hydroxyproline Urine Increased

A laboratory test result indicating abnormally high concentration of hydroxyproline in the urine.


Renal granular cell carcinoma

A renal cell carcinoma with eosinophilic cytoplasm and high nuclear grade.  Granular cells can be seen in any subtype of renal cell carcinoma, including conventional clear cell carcinoma.  This term does not represent a specific subtype of renal cell carcinoma and should no longer be used.


Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Skin

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the skin.


Coronary Venous Dissection

A tear within the wall of a coronary vein. (ACC)


Central Nervous System Neuroepithelial Neoplasm of Uncertain Origin


Stage IVA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T1-T2, N3, M0); (T3, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). T3: Tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/proximal two-thirds of the urethra, upper/proximal two-thirds of the vagina, bladder mucosa, or rectal mucosa; or fixed to pelvic bone. N3: Fixed or ulcerated regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Chest Wall Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma

A rare benign lesion that arises from the rib cage and affects infants.  It results in the formation of a mass which is composed of spindle cells, cartilage, and hemorrhagic cysts.  Surgical resection is usually curative.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities

A group of acute myeloid leukemias characterized by recurrent genetic abnormalities, mainly balanced translocations.  (WHO, 2001)


Immunoglobulin deposition disease

A mature B-cell neoplasm characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin in tissues, resulting in impaired organ function. It includes the following entities: primary amyloidosis, heavy chain deposition disease, and light chain deposition disease.


Disorder of eye due to diabetes mellitus

A group of disorders affecting the eye in patients with diabetes mellitus. It includes cataract, glaucoma, retinopathy, and blindness.


Testicular Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of testicular cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to postpubertal germ cell tumors of the testis and malignant sex cord-stromal tumors of the testis. It does not apply to spermatocytic tumors (no AJCC staging system), nonmalignant sex cord-/gonadal -stromal tumors (no AJCC staging system), prepubertal germ cell tumors (no AJCC staging system), hematolymphoid tumors (hematologic malignancies staging system), and paratesticular neoplasms (no AJCC staging system).  (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Refractory Appendix Adenocarcinoma

Appendix adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Decreased NCF2 Expression

An indication that the expression of NCF2 is lower than the normal range of values.


Second Primary Cancers

A primary malignant neoplasm in a patient who has been already diagnosed with a primary malignant neoplasm in another anatomic site.


Solar Radiation-Related Cutaneous Melanoma

Cutaneous melanoma that arises following exposure to solar radiation.


Stage II Vulva Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor confined to the vulva or vulva and perineum, more than 2cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Silicon granuloma

A granuloma that forms in response to silicone exposure.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor invading the mucosa of the bladder or rectum, and/or extending beyond the true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Prolonged depressive adjustment reaction

Temporary but prolonged and maladaptive depressive signs and symptoms associated with a life event.


Recurrent Paraganglioma

The reemergence of paraganglioma after a period of remission.


Microabscess

A very small, tiny abscess.


Moderately Differentiated Prostate Adenocarcinoma

An invasive prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells exhibiting moderate differentiation.


Acute pulmonary embolism

An acute embolism to the pulmonary vasculature.


Very Severe Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia that is characterized by bone marrow (BM) cellularity less than 25% (or less than 50% if BM is comprised of less than 30% hematopoietic cells), and two or more of the following: absolute neutrophil count of less than 200 per microliter; platelet count of less than 20,000 per microliter; or an absolute reticulocyte count of less than 20,000 per microliter.


Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor foetopathy

Fetal embryopathy associated with maternal angiotensis converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use during pregnancy that may include fetal acute renal failure, growth restriction, oligohydramnios, calvaria abnormalities, preterm birth, and pulmonary hypoplasia with respiratory distress.


Decreased Concomitant Drug Peak Blood Concentration

Decreased maximum (peak) concentration of a concomitant drug observed after its administration.


Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Leukemia recurrent

The reemergence of leukemia after a period of remission.


Metastatic Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

A non-cutaneous melanoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma

A large cell lymphoma occurring in childhood.


Refractory Esophageal Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Neoplastic, Non-Molar Gestational Trophoblastic Disorder

A category of non-neoplastic gestational trophoblastic disorders that includes the exaggerated placental site reaction and placental site nodule or plaque. It does not include hydatidiform mole.


Conjunctival Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the conjunctiva.


Esophageal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Placental aromatase deficiency

An autosomal recessive condition that results in aromatase deficiency in the placenta, causing temporary virilization of the pregnant woman and virilization of her 46,XX fetus.


Invasive Large Nested Urothelial Carcinoma

A rare invasive urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of medium to large nests of malignant cells.


Refractory Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

Malignant germ cell tumor resistant to treatment.


Refractory Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


Non-Neoplastic Breast Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the breast. Representative examples include fibrocystic disease, gynecomastia, mastitis, and adenosis.


Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

A sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the squamous, glandular, or transitional cell epithelium without evidence of invasion. According to the degree of nuclear atypia, number of mitotic figures, and presence of architectural distortion, it is classified as grade II (moderate dysplasia) or grade III (severe dysplasia).


Transient myocardial ischemia of newborn

A condition characterized by a temporary imbalance between the oxygen supply and demand of the heart muscle in the newborn.


Refractory Adenovirus Infection

An adenovirus infection that does not respond to treatment.


Unresectable Renal Pelvis and Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Renal pelvis and ureter urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Adverse Drug Reaction to Systemic Antibiotic

A detrimental or unintended response associated with the use of a systemic antibiotic.


Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Human Papillomavirus-Independent Cervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ

Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ not associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Myositis

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain secondary to inflammation of the muscle tissue. (ACC/AHA)


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline ANKRD26 Mutation

An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by moderate thrombocytopenia and increased risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia. This disorder is characterized by germline mutations in ANKRD26, located on chromosome band 10p12.1. (WHO 2017)


Early Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

An early Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis.


Stage IIB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates visceral peritoneum including mucinous peritoneal tumor within the right lower quadrant.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood TdT Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

TdT positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Fetus in fetu

An exceptionally rare congenital abnormality in which a malformed and parasitic fetus is located within the body of its twin.


Endometrioid adenocarcinoma, ciliated cell variant

An endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from the endometrium, in which ciliated cells line the majority of the malignant glands.


Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

An acute myeloid leukemia occurring in adults.


Nonorganic Insomnia

Insomnia as a result of an extrinsic cause.


Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Lymphoproliferative Disease with Primary Immunodeficiency

An EBV-related lymphoid proliferation that arises in the setting of immune deficiency due to a primary immunodeficiency or immunoregulatory disorder.


Low Grade Anal Canal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia involving the anal canal.  The epithelial cells exhibit mild dysplasia (grade I intraepithelial neoplasia).


Gallbladder Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm with Intermediate Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate atypia.


Osteosarcoma recurrent

The reemergence of osteosarcoma after a period of remission.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with In-Frame bZIP CEBPA Mutation

An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by the presence of CEBPA bZIP domain mutation. It is associated with a favorable clinical outcome.


IgD Monoclonal Gammopathy

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating the presence of IgD monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood or urine.


Chest wall cyst

A cystic lesion in the chest wall.


Borderline Resectable Mass

A tumor mass finding that refers to a continuum between resectable and locally advanced unresectable disease.


Stage II Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Pheochromocytoma measuring 5 cm or more in greatest dimension or paraganglioma-sympathetic of any size, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Antenatal Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis that occurs in a fetus.


Stage IV Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage IV: Disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extralymphatic sites with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement with distant (nonregional) nodal involvement. (PDQ)


Malignant Proliferating Pilar Tumor

A rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. It usually occurs in the scalp, face and trunk. Histopathology shows cords of malignant squamous cells infiltrating into the dermis.


Stage IB Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: (T2, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX); (T3, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX).  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Discontinuous tumors in the primary bone site.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hodgkin's Disease, Nodular Sclerosis, Lymphocyte Depletion


Platinum-Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor that is resistant to platinum therapy.


Adult Unfavorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis that occurs during adulthood.


Mycotic pericarditis

Pericarditis that is caused by an infection with a fungal agent.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to conjunctiva

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the conjunctiva from another anatomic site.


Anaplastic (Malignant) Intracranial Meningioma

An anaplastic meningioma that arises within the cranial cavity.


Hereditary factor XII deficiency disease

A rare autosomal recessive inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of coagulation factor XII. It may be asymptomatic or manifest with bleeding.


Metastatic Vaginal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the vagina and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Osteoclastic Giant Cell-Rich Tumor of Bone

A benign, intermediate, or malignant bone tumor characterized by the presence of osteoclast-like giant cells. Clinical presentation includes pain, edema, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint.


Metastatic endometrioid carcinoma

An endometrioid adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Clinical Stage IVA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T1-4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm of Multiple Primary Sites

Reemergence of a malignant neoplasm of multiple primary sites after a period of remission.


Thalassemic Osteopathy

Bone disorders that present in thalassemia patients.


Breast Fibrocystic Change, Proliferative Type without Atypia

Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the presence of epithelial cell hyperplasia.  There is no evidence of epithelial atypia.


Cervical Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the cervix.


Low ADAMTS13 Activity

A finding indicating that a significantly lower than expected activity for the proteinase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) is detected in a sample. This finding is associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.


Granular Cell Astrocytoma

An astrocytoma characterized by the presence of large numbers of neoplastic cells with granular, PAS-positive cytoplasm. It is associated with an aggressive clinical course, even when the histologic features suggest a lower-grade astrocytoma.


High Grade Conjunctival Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process with high-grade dysplastic features involving the conjunctival epithelium.


Clinical Stage II Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T1, N1, M0; IIB: T2, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Intraoperative Reproductive System Injury

Damage to the reproductive organs during a surgical procedure.


Nuclear Cataract Grade 2

A stage of nuclear sclerotic cataract marked by moderate yellowing and sclerosis of the lens nucleus. (Modified LOCS II)


Retinoblastoma, undifferentiated

A retinoblastoma composed of small, undifferentiated cells. It is often associated with necrotic changes.


Malignant tumor, small cell type

A malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of small atypical cells.


Stage IIC Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 3); (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 4). T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified

T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in which further genetic/molecular characterization is not available.


Bladder Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglioma arising from the urinary bladder.  Clinical signs include hypertension and hematuria.


Childhood Malignant Genitourinary System Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that affects the genitourinary system during childhood.


Broad Ligament Serous Adenocarcinoma

A rare serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the broad ligament.


Malignant Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Cleaved Cell


Vaginal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of keratin pearls. Intercellular bridges and cytoplasmic keratinization are usually present.


Cutaneous neurofibroma

A neurofibroma that grows along small branches of nerves in the dermis in patients with neurofibromatosis. It presents as a solid cutaneous tumor.


Esophageal adenocarcinoma recurrent

An esophageal adenocarcinoma which has reappeared after a period of remission or after presumed treatment.


Cervical Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Acute Myocardial Injury

Acute myocardial injury diagnosed by rise and fall in cardiac troponin above the 99th percentile of a reference population.


Stage IIA1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIA1 includes: T2a1, N0, M0. T2a1: Tumor with involvement limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial invasion measuring 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Conjunctival Spitz Nevus

A rare nevus that arises from the conjunctiva. It is characterized by the presence of large spindle-shaped or epithelioid melanocytes.


Prostate Undifferentiated Carcinoma

An invasive prostate carcinoma characterized by the presence of undifferentiated malignant cells.


Actinomycotic granuloma

A granuloma that develops in response to Actinomycotic fungal infection.


Refractory Liposarcoma

Liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IV Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4, Any N, M0); IVB (Any T, Any N, MI). T4: Tumor invades mucosa of bladder or rectum, and/or extends beyond true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Anaplastic Astroblastoma, MN1-Altered

An astroblastoma, MN1-altered, characterized by the presence of high mitotic activity, cytologic atypia, and architectural distortion.


Refractory Appendix Carcinoma

Appendix carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Critical illness myopathy

Acute muscle weakness and paralysis that develops in critically ill patients who have been treated with multiple drugs during their intensive care unit stay. It is associated with delayed weaning from mechanical ventilation and prolonged rehabilitation.


Lugano Classification Limited Stage Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

Limited stage adult lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages I, IE, II, and IIE. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia CNS 2 Toronto Guidelines v2

No clinical signs of CNS involvement and blasts in CSF and either: WBC < 5/μL CSF or WBC > or = 5/uL CSF and RBC > or = 10/uL CSF and WBC/RBC in CSF < or = 2x WBC/RBC in blood. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Perforation due to Lead

Penetration of a lead through a systemic vein, coronary vein, or the myocardium. (ACC)


Stage IIIC Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Trigeminal neuralgia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma

A Merkel cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Endometrial Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A small cell or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the endometrium.


Ampullary Flat Intraepithelial Neoplasia, High Grade

A non-polypoid, preinvasive neoplasm that arises from the ampulla of Vater.  It is characterized by the presence of high grade dysplasia.


Chronic Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease

Chronic graft versus host disease occurring in the eye.


Injury Asphyxation

Acute compression of the thoracic cavity, causing  increased intrathoracic pressure and the backflow of blood from the right atrium and superior vena cava into the brachiocephalic and jugular veins, with resulting stagnation of blood flow and subsequent localized blood-oxygen desaturation in the head and neck.


Esophageal Basal Cell Hyperplasia

A reactive (non-neoplastic) hyperplastic process affecting the esophageal squamous epithelium that is caused by inflammation.  Morphologically it involves more than 15% of the thickness of the esophageal squamous epithelium.  Its association with an increase risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma remains controversial.


Pathologic Stage IIIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T1a/b-T2a, N1a or N2a, M0. T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N1a: One clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No.  N2a: Two or three clinically occult nodal metastases (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No.  M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IV Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N1-2, M0); (T4a, NX, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Diffuse Midline Glioma

A diffuse glioma that arises from the midline structures of the central nervous system. The majority of these tumors are found in the brainstem.


Unresectable Gastroesophageal Junction Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the gastroesophageal junction and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Maturation

An acute myeloid leukemia without maturation occurring in adults.


Gravid Uterus Adjusted Maternal Body Weight Gain

The amount of maternal body weight gained over a period of time where the weight at the end of the interval is adjusted for the gravid uterus weight. This is derived by subtracting the maternal body weight adjusted for the gravid uterus from the total maternal body weight.


Advanced Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


anaplastic carcinoma of urethra

An undifferentiated carcinoma arising from the urethra.


Conjunctival Blue Nevus

A benign melanocytic neoplasm that arises from the conjunctiva. It is characterized by the presence of dendritic and spindle-shaped melanocytes in the subepithelial connective tissue. It presents as a dark brown or black, slightly elevated conjunctival lesion.


Intraoperative Endocrine Injury

Damage to an endocrine gland during a surgical procedure.


Bilateral anophthalmos of eyes

A rare congenital abnormality characterized by the complete absence of ocular tissue in both orbits.


acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in relapse

The reemergence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia after a period of remission.


Childhood Retinoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of childhood retinoblastoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Localized Lymphoma

A lymphoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


malignant enteroglucagonoma

A glucagon-producing malignant endocrine neoplasm. It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Advanced Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage III Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: For renal pelvis only: tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or the renal parenchyma.  For ureter only: tumor invades beyond muscularis into periureteric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Anal cancer recurrent

The reemergence of anal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Gender identity disorder

A disorder characterized by a strong and persistent cross-gender identification (such as stating a desire to be the other sex or frequently passing as the other sex) coupled with persistent discomfort with his or her sex (manifested in adults, for example, as a preoccupation with altering primary and secondary sex characteristics through hormonal manipulation or surgery).


Thoracic Meningocele

A congenital abnormality in the thoracic region of the spine in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column.


Refractory Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Locally Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Reflux

An abnormal backward flow of a body fluid.


Infant T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs in infancy.


Metastatic Urethral Carcinoma

Urethral carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


FIGO Grade 2 Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting 6-50% solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Beta-2-Microglobulin Greater than 3 g/mL

A laboratory test result indicating that beta-2-microglobulin is present in a sample at concentrations exceeding 3 g/mL.


Topoisomerase II Inhibitor-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemias arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of therapeutic agents targeting DNA-topoisomerase II. The vast majority of patients present without a preceding myelodysplastic phase. The acute myeloid leukemias are usually of the monoblastic or myelomonocytic type. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently present and usually involve chromosome 11q23 (MLL gene).


Refractory Mucosal Melanoma

Mucosal melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


Glucokinase-Associated Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to activating mutation(s) in the gene GCK, encoding glucokinase.


Childhood Grade I Meningioma

A grade I meningioma that occurs during childhood.


Stage 0 Childhood Retinoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

The tumor is confined to the globe. Enucleation has not been performed. (The patient is treated "conservatively" with either focal therapies or chemotherapy.) (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Childhood Astroblastoma, MN1-Altered

An astroblastoma, MN1-altered that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA 20 or more, Grade Group 1-4; T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Invasive Bladder Conventional Urothelial Carcinoma

Invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells forming trabeculae, cords, sheets, and nests. Individual malignant cells are also present.


FNCLCC Sarcoma Grade 1

A sarcoma with a total score of 2 or 3 according to the FNCLCC guidelines.


Refluxing Megaureter

A megaureter that demonstrates retrograde urine flow without ureteral obstruction.


Meningothelial Hamartoma

A hamartoma characterized by the presence of collections of non-neoplastic arachnoidal cells.


Malignant urinary tract neoplasm metastatic

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the urinary tract from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


transvestism

A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors in a heterosexual male involving cross-dressing.


adenocarcinoma of gallbladder with squamous metaplasia

An infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder characterized by the presence of metaplastic changes of the malignant glandular cells to squamous cells.


Hodgkin Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for Hodgkin lymphomas based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Complicated malaria

Acute malaria with signs of organ dysfunction, severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 5 g/dL or hematocrit less than 15%) and/or hyperparasitemia (greater than 5% of red blood cells infected).


Papillary transitional cell carcinoma, non-invasive

A transitional cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern and lack of stromal invasion.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Inverted Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of secretory cells with their nuclei polarized towards the lumen of the glands.


Non-Neoplastic Conjunctival Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the conjunctiva.


Unresectable Bladder Carcinoma

Bladder carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage I Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (Any T, N1, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (Any T, Any N, M1, Any PSA, Any Gleason). cT4: Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  pT4: Invasion of rectum, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Diffuse Low Grade Glioma, BRAF p.V600E-Mutant

Diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by the presence of BRAF gene mutations encoding a p.V600E substitution mutation.


Pathologic Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T0, N1b, N1c, M0); (T1a/b-T2a, N1b/c or N2b, M0); (T2b/T3a, N1a-N2b, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor (e.g., unknown primary or completely regressed melanoma). Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration.  T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N1b: One clinically detected nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1c: No regional lymph node disease. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N2b: Two or three nodal metastases at least one of which was clinically detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1a: One clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N2a: Two or three clinically occult nodal metastases (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Brain Neoplasm

The reemergence of a brain neoplasm after a period of remission.


A myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule of the Vagina

A rare, benign, non-neoplastic reactive lesion that develops in the vagina at the site of a prior operative procedure. It is composed of spindle cells, small blood vessels, and chronic inflammation.


Chemical Exposure

Contact with a chemical substance through touch, inhalation, or ingestion.


Radiation-Induced Cancer

A malignant neoplasm arising in a site exposed to radiation therapy.


Vulvar Blue Nevus

A benign nevus that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of heavily pigmented dendritic melanocytes exclusively in the dermis.


Weight Change

An increase or decrease in the weight of an individual.


Non-Malignant Neoplasm

A category that includes benign neoplasms and neoplasms with uncertain malignant potential. The latter are characterized by clinicopathological features that are not benign, including some degree of mild or mild/moderate atypia/dysplasia, but lack overt malignant morphologic characteristics and there is no evidence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis.


Gonadal Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of the vein that carries blood away from the testis or ovary.


Gastric carcinoma stage IV without metastases

T4,N2,MO (from PDQ)


Therapy-Related Toxicity

The finding of bodily harm due to the poisonous effects associated with the action or administration of therapeutic agents.


Stage IIIB Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (Any pT/TX, N1-3, M0, S2); (Any pT/TX, Any N, M1a, S2). TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N2: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor. N3: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. M1a: Testicular cancer with non-retroperitoneal nodal or pulmonary metastases. S2: LDH 1.5-10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) 5,000-50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) 1,000-10,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that exhibits neuroendocrine differentiation and is associated with the presence of neoplastic signet-ring cells resembling goblet cells of the intestine.


Transplant-Related Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IA2 includes: T1a2, N0, M0. T1a2: Tumor with measured stromal invasion of more than 3.0 mm and equal or less than 5.0 mm in depth. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Duodenal fistula

An abnormal communication between the duodenum and another organ or cavity.


Stage I Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Hematologic Malignancy

The reemergence of a hematologic malignancy after a period of remission.


Stage II Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Hemoglobin Lepore Syndrome

A beta thalassemia resulting from an unequal crossover/recombination event involving portions of the delta and beta globin genes, resulting in underproduction of the abnormal delta-beta globin.


Unresectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


round cell sarcoma with FUS-NFATC2 gene fusion

A group of rare round and spindle cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of FUS-NFATC2 gene fusion.


Lupus Flare

An exacerbation of the chronic disease lupus.


Palisaded encapsulated neuroma

A benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor characterized by the presence of Schwann cells, axons, and perineurial fibroblasts.  It usually arises from the skin of the head and neck or the oral mucosa.  It presents as a solitary and painless nodular mass.


Refractory Meningioma

Meningioma that is resistant to treatment.


Mental and Behavioral Signs and Symptoms

Clinical evidence of disease resulting from mental and/or behavioral dysfunction.


Staphylococcal enterocolitis

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with Staphylococcus aureus.


Advanced Carcinoma

Carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage II Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T0, N2b, N2c, N3b or N3c); (T1a-T3a, N2c or N3a/b/c, M0); (T3b/T4a, Any N greater than or equal to N1, M0); (T4b, N1a-N2c, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor (e.g., unknown primary or completely regressed melanoma). Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N2b: Two or three nodal metastases at least one of which was clinically detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N2c: One clinically occult nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3b: Four or more nodal metastases, at least one of which was clinically detected, or presence of any number of matted nodes. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3c: Two or more clinically occult nodal metastases. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3a: Four or more clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1a: One clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1b: One clinically detected nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1c: No regional lymph node disease. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N2a: Two or three clinically occult nodal metastases (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Localized Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

A bladder urothelial carcinoma that is confined to the site in which it initially manifested without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites, and has not invaded the bladder muscularis propria.


Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma with YAP1-TFE3 Gene Fusion

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma characterized by a YAP1-TFE3 gene fusion. This gene fusion occurs in a subset of epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas characterized by the presence of well-formed vessels lined by epithelioid endothelial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Patients with YAP1-TFE3 gene fusion tumors tend to be younger than those with a WWTR1-CAMTA1 gene fusion.


Neoantigen-Positive Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm characterized by the expression of antigens resulting from cancer-specific mutations (neoantigens).


Lugano Classification Stage IIE Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IIE: Contiguous extralymphatic extension from a nodal site with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Femoral Hernia with Obstruction without Mention of Gangrene

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity, into the femoral canal, which results in obstruction of intestinal peristalsis, with no mention of necrosis of the herniated contents.


Refractory Ependymoma

Ependymoma that does not respond to treatment.


Bodily Pain

The sensation of acute or chronic suffering in a body region.


Stage II Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T1, N0, M0, G3, G4); IIB (T2, N0, M0, G3, G4).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Genitourinary System

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the genitourinary system from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


CRP Level Greater than or Equal to 3 mg/L

A laboratory test result indicating that C-reactive protein is present in a sample at concentrations of 3 mg/L or more.


Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A condition in which children or adolescents experience irritability, anger, and intense temper outbursts. The episodes may be frequent and may eventually impact functioning at school, at home or with peers.


Mild Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

Evidence of mild retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) of the heart. (ACC)


Domestic Accident

An accident taking place within a home.


Stage IV Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T1/T2, N3, M0); (T3, Any N, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  T3: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/proximal 2/3 urethra, upper/proximal 2/3 vagina, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone.  N3: Vulvar cancer with fixed or ulcerated regional lymph node metastasis.  M1: distant metastasis (including pelvic lymph node metastasis).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Upper Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left upper sternal border.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(3;8)(q26.2;q24); MYC, MECOM

An acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(3;8)(q26.2;q24) resulting in MYC and MECOM rearrangement.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition without a Preexisting Disorder or Organ Dysfunction

Familial hematologic neoplasms associated with germline mutations without a preexisting disorder or organ dysfunction.


Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

A spectrum of disorders associated with long-term Aspergillus infection of the lung that usually occur in immunocompetent individuals with underlying respiratory disorders, and may be characterized by pulmonary fibrosis or cavitation.


Advanced Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Digestive System Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastrointestinal system and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Acquired kyphosis

Kyphosis, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Cardiovascular Radiation Injury

Radiation injury of the cardiovascular system.


COVID-19-Associated Nervous System Disorder

A central or peripheral nervous system disorder caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Coronary Artery Ectasia Related to COVID-19

Coronary artery ectasia in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Childhood Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

A pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Congenital abnormality of respiratory system

An abnormality of the respiratory system that is present at birth or detected in the neonatal period.


Bleeding on Probing

Bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the gingival tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus.


Stage III Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: IIIA (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T3, N1, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); IIIB (T3, N2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); IIIC (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any).  For adenocarcinoma: IIIA (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G); IIIB (T3, N2, M0, Any G); IIIC (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Epididymal Papillary Cystadenoma

A cystadenoma that arises from the epididymis. It is characterized by the presence of small papillary projections in the inner surface of the cysts. It may be sporadic or associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.


Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIB Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T3a, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Acquired Phrenic Nerve Palsy

Damage to the phrenic nerve that results in paralysis of the hemidiaphragm and was not present at birth.


Circumscribed Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

A circumscribed neoplasm that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes. This category includes meningeal melanocytoma, meningeal melanoma, and meningeal melanocytoma of intermediate grade.


Mycosis fungoides (Working Formulation)

A peripheral (mature) T-cell lymphoma presenting in the skin with patches/plaques and it is characterized by epidermal and dermal infiltration of small to medium-sized T-cells with cerebriform nuclei.  Patients with limited disease generally have an excellent prognosis.  In the more advanced stages, the prognosis is poor. (WHO, 2001)


First degree uterine prolapse

The uterus has descended above the hymen.


Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: III (T3, N0, M0); IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Local and/or regional spread as defined below.  T3a: Tumor invades serosa and/or adnexa (direct extension or metastasis) and/or cancer cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.  T3b Vaginal involvement (direct extension or metastasis). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic and/or para-aortic nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage M1 Childhood Ependymoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Human Papillomavirus-Independent Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma not associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Stage IIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIA includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor with involvement limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Post-streptococcal reactive arthritis

The occurrence of arthritis after infection with group A streptococcus. It is non-migratory, protracted in course, and poorly responsive to anti-inflammatory agents. (from Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology, 6th ed. Cassidy, Petty, Laxer, and Lindsley)


Refractory Female Reproductive System Carcinoma

Female reproductive system carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Low Grade Corneal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process with low-grade dysplastic features involving the corneal epithelium.


Intraductal papillary neoplasm with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia

An intraductal papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial atypia.


Nuclear Cataract Grade 3

A stage of nuclear sclerotic cataract marked by pronounced yellowing and sclerosis of the lens nucleus. (Modified LOCS II)


Platinum-Sensitive Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that has a documented response to platinum-based chemotherapy.


Gastric mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the stomach.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0). T4: Tumor invades mucosa of bladder or rectum, and/or extends beyond true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Benign neoplasm of lacrimal apparatus

A neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal gland or lacrimal drainage system and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


FIGO Stage IIC Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Lumbar myelocele

Herniation of spinal cord tissue and meninges through a defect in the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The protrusion of the tissue is flush with the level of the skin surface.


Metastatic Bladder Clear Cell (Glycogen-Rich) Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder clear cell (glycogen-rich) urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Unclassifiable, Based on Defining Cytogenetic Abnormality

Myelodysplastic syndrome, unclassifiable characterized by persistent cytopenia (s) with 1 percent or fewer blasts in the blood and fewer than 5% in the bone marrow, unequivocal dysplasia in less than 10 percent of the cells in one or more myeloid lineages, and cytogenetic abnormalities considered as presumptive evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome.


Achromic nevus

A benign nevus characterized by the absence of melanin pigment in the melanocytes.


Papillary neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of papillary structures.


Childhood Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis without Risk Organ Involvement

Langerhans cell histiocytosis that occurs during childhood and does not involve the bone marrow, spleen, liver, or lung.


Esophageal adenocarcinoma stage IV

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the esophagus and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Advanced Carcinoid Tumor

A carcinoid tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Destructive Arthritis

Arthritis associated with the destruction of the cartilage and the articular surface of the bone of the joint. This process severely interferes with movement in the joint.


Lymphoma by Ann Arbor Stage

An anatomic stage for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas  based on the Ann Arbor classification criteria.


Chest Pain Along Left Midclavicular Line

The location of the chest pain is along the left midclavicular line.


Recurrent Childhood Malignant Neoplasm

The reemergence of a childhood malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm

A malignant female reproductive system neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Intercalated Duct Hyperplasia

A salivary ductal proliferation resembling intercalated ducts. (WHO 2017)


Childhood Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus that develops during childhood.


Sleep-related eating disorder

Eating during sleep.


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia recurrent

The reemergence of T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma after a period of remission.


Vaginal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the lack of specific cellular differentiation.


autosomal recessive dyskeratosis congenita 5

Dyskeratosis congenita caused by mutation(s) in the RTEL1 gene, encoding regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Costochondritis

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain associated with inflammation of one or more ribs and/or cartilages. (ACC/AHA)


Stage III Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any T, M1a. M1a: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with lung metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Pathologic Stage IV Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N2, M0, Any G); (T4b, N0-2, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1, Any G). T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cutaneous Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasm

A group of neoplasms composed of T-lymphocytes with a mature (peripheral/post-thymic) immunophenotypic profile and/or NK-cells affecting the skin.


Refractory Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


EBV-Related Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma that is caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection.


High Grade Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A pancreatic epithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of papillary and rarely flat architectural patterns with formation of cribriform patterns and luminal necrosis.  Severe dysplasia is present.


Neuroendocrine carcinoma of appendix

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Locally Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Remote Placental Infarction

A focus of necrotic placental parenchyma with marked hyalinization and fibrosis with complete absence of the necrotic chorionic villi, which is frequently more than 7 days of duration.


Pathologic Stage IIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T2, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, GX). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G3: Poorly differentiated, undifferentiated. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIB Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T1-T4a, N2, N3, M0. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue). T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue. T4a: Extravesical tumor invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina. N2: Multiple regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node metastasis). N3: Lymph node metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Acquired methemoglobinemia

Methemoglobinemia that is caused by exposure to certain drugs (xylocaine and benzene) and nitrate-rich foods.


Stage I Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube(s). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IV Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4b, N0, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b). T4b: Extravesical tumor invades pelvic wall, abdominal wall. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Distant metastasis limited to lymph nodes beyond the common iliacs. M1b: Non-lymph node distant metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Sharp Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that is distinct and intensely focused.


Helicobacter Pylori-Related Gastric Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is caused by persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori.


Locally Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Transitional cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Chemical esophagitis

Esophagitis secondary to chemical exposure.


Endocrine disorder arising from mental factors

An endocrine disorder that is caused by abnormal mental function.


Recurrent Childhood Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of oligodendroglioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Familial Testicular Germ Cell Tumor

Germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is diagnosed in at least two relatives.


Stage II Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Congenital hamartoma

A hamartomatous lesion which is present at birth.


Immune System and Related Disorders

A group of non-neoplastic and neoplastic disorders resulting from the deregulation and/or deficiency of immune system functions. It includes autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis), congenital and acquired immunodeficiency syndromes including the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and neoplasms (e.g., lymphomas and malignancies secondary to transplantation).


Cervical Adenocarcinoma Admixed with Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of a cervical adenocarcinoma variant and a neuroendocrine carcinoma component.


Phrenic Nerve Palsy Related to Birth

A condition characterized by reduced or absent movement of the ipsilateral diaphragm as a consequence of an injury to the phrenic nerve or its origin in cervical roots 3 through 5 sustained during the birthing process.


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Visual Pathway

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the visual pathway from another anatomic site.


Advanced Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma

Carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IVA Bladder Cancer

Stage IV includes T4b, NO,MO/any T NI, MO/ any T N2 MO,/ any T N3 MO/ any T any N M1 : T4b: Tumor invades the pelvic wall, abdominal wall. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M1: Distant metastasis.


Moderately Differentiated Malignant Neoplasm

A neoplasm whose histologic characteristics are intermediate between poorly differentiated and well differentiated.


Refractory Urothelial Carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Nuclear Cataract Grade 1

A stage of nuclear sclerotic cataract marked by mild yellowing and sclerosis of the lens nucleus. (Modified LOCS II)


Paratesticular Endometrioid Tumor

A group of very rare tumors with endometrioid epithelial differentiation arising from the paratesticular structures. It includes benign tumors, borderline tumors (tumors with atypical epithelial proliferation), and malignant tumors (endometrioid adenocarcinomas).


Stage IVA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, M1b, Risk factors: low risk.  M1b: All other distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Refractory Malignant Glioma

Malignant glioma that does not respond to treatment.


Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier 2

A term that refers to the staging of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Malignant Neoplasm by Grade

A term that refers to the categorization of malignant neoplasm by histologic grade.


Stage IIA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina. (FIGO 2009)


Perinatal Brain Injury

Injury to the brain of a newborn infant occurring around the time of birth.


Vascular implant infection

An infectious process originating from an implanted vascular device.


Opisthorchis viverrini Infection

An infection caused by the parasite Opisthorchis viverrini. It results from the ingestion of raw or undercooked food. The clinical features vary from mild to severe and include gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia, weight loss, hepatomegaly, and cholangitis. Patients are at an increased risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma.


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Undifferentiated Carcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube undifferentiated carcinoma after a period of remission.


Conjunctival Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma that arises from the conjunctiva.


perinatal respiratory distress

A pathological increase in the effort and frequency or breathing movements during the perinatal period.


Castleman Disease, Plasma Cell Type

Castleman disease characterized by the presence of prominent hyalinized vessels in the germinal centers and prominent sheets of plasma cells in the interfollicular areas.


Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell-SS Disease

Sickle cell-SS disease exacerbated by sudden pain caused by sickled erythrocytes impeding blood flow within a vessel.


CALLA Positive Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia which is positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen.


Gastric Mixed Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is characterized by the presence of both glandular and poorly cohesive malignant cellular components.


Liposarcoma non-metastatic

Liposarcoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Non-Neoplastic Disorder

Any disorder other than abnormal tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation.


Stage II Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading through the sphincter of Oddi into duodenal submucosa or muscularis propria, or measuring more than 1 cm. T3: Tumor invading the pancreas or peripancreatic adipose tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor

A midgut neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Increased Red Cell Mass

An indication that the portion of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes in a sample have increased when compared to normal levels or a previous measurement.


Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations

A congenital abnormality of the arteries and veins that is located in the brain or spina cord, and which may increase the risk of bleeding, possibly resulting in impaired mental or physical function.


Spindle cell nodule

A benign, reactive lesion occurring status post instrumentation; histologic examination demonstrates a fascicular growth pattern of plump or elongated spindle cells infiltrating the wall of an organ without atypia or necrosis.


Recurrent Male Reproductive System Carcinoma

The reemergence of a carcinoma that affects the male reproductive system after a period of remission.


Nonresorbable Material Unretrieved In Body


Locally Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Childhood Benign Endocrine Neoplasm

A childhood epithelial neoplasm that arises from an endocrine organ and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA2 includes: T1a2, Any N, M0. T1a2: Invasive cervical carcinoma with measured stromal invasion of more than 3.0 mm and not more than 5.0 mm, with a horizontal spread of 7.0 mm or less. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Intracranial Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the structures within the cranium.


Chest Pain in Right Third Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the third intercostal space on the right side.


Adnexitis

Inflammation of the appendages of the uterus.


Metastatic Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

An endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


Vulvar Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of vulvar carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Genitourinary Cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the genitourinary system.


COVID-19-Associated Thromboembolism

Thromboembolism caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Hemangioblastic Meningioma

An obsolete term referring to hemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system.


Stage IV Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, N0-1, M0; IVB: (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invading the main portal vein or hepatic artery or invading two or more extrahepatic organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastases to four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

The reemergence of a neuroendocrine neoplasm after a period of remission.


Loss of BRG1 Protein Expression

An immunohistochemical finding indicating negative staining of tumor cells for BRG1 protein, resulting from the mutation of the SMARCA4 gene.


Obesity-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that occurs in the context of obesity.


Decreased Concomitant Drug Level

A reduction in the level of a concomitant drug.


Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis and ureter cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Adult Acute Basophilic Leukemia

An acute basophilic leukemia occurring in adults.


Benign Genitourinary System Neoplasm

A neoplasm that arises from the genitourinary system and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


X-linked dyskeratosis congenita

Dyskeratosis congenita inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. It is caused by mutations in the DKC1 gene.


Factor I Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to fibrinogen (factor I) in the blood.


Stage I Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Frotteurism

A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving touching the genitals of or rubbing the genitals against a nonconsenting person.


Cyst of Skene's duct

A rare benign lesion that arises from the vagina. It is characterized by the presence of squamous epithelial and tubular structures in a fibrovascular stroma.


Radiating Chest Pain in Lower Sternum

The location of the radiating chest pain is in the lower portion of the sternum.


Renal and perinephric abscess

An abscess that is located both in the kidney and across the renal capsule into the perinephric space.


Unresectable Fallopian Tube Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Platinum-Sensitive Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

The reemergence of platinum-sensitive fallopian tube carcinoma after a period of remission.


Polycythemia Vera, Polycythemic Phase

Polycythemia vera characterized by the proliferation of the erythroid, granulocytic, and megakaryocytic lineages. The peripheral blood shows excess of red blood cells, neutrophilia, and thrombocytosis. The bone marrow is hypercellular for the patient's age.


Adenocarcinoma in situ in tubulovillous adenoma

A non-invasive adenocarcinoma arising from a tubulovillous adenoma.


Cystic Trophoblastic Tumor

A rare trophoblastic neoplasm that arises in metastatic sites of testicular mixed germ cell tumors following chemotherapy, or is part of treated or untreated testicular mixed germ cell tumors, or is secondary to either chemotherapy-induced or spontaneous regression of testicular choriocarcinoma. It has also been described in central nervous system post-chemotherapy primary germ cell tumors. It is characterized by the presence of cysts lined by squamoid trophoblastic cells. The cysts are often compressed surrounded by other germ cell components.


Infectious mononucleosis-like post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

An early post-transplant lymphoproliferative lesion characterized by immunoblastic proliferation and paracortical expansion as seen in infectious mononucleosis.  There is architectural preservation of the involved tissues.  Oligoclonal or monoclonal cellular populations have been detected in a small number of cases.  In some cases, a polymorphic or monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder may follow this early lesion.


Recurrent Myxoid Liposarcoma

The reemergence of myxoid liposarcoma after a period of remission.


Sickle Cell Trait

An individual who is heterozygous for the mutation that causes sickle cell anemia.


Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: (T1, N2, M0), (T2a/b, N1, M0), (T3, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria or submucosa.  T2a: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T2b: Tumor invades subserosa.  T3: Tumor penetrates serosa (visceral peritoneum) without invasion of adjacent structures. N1: Metastasis in 1 to 6 regional lymph nodes. Metastasis in 7 to 15 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Cystic Oncocytic Neoplasm

An oncocytoma with cystic degenerative changes.


Decreased Drug Half Life

Decreased period of time required for the concentration or amount of drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one-half of a given concentration or amount.


Sarcoma by FNCLCC Grade

Grading of sarcomas according to the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC). This sarcoma grading system is based on three factors: differentiation, mitotic count, and tumor necrosis. The scores for each factor are added to determine the grade (1 to 3) for the sarcoma.


Compound nevus

A nevus composed of neoplastic melanocytes that infiltrate both the epidermis and the dermis.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage I supradiaphragmatic


Unresectable Gallbladder Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the gallbladder and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Elevated Serum CA 27-29 Tumor Antigen Levels


Intraoperative Pain

Pain occurring during a surgical operation.


Stage IIIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-4a, N1a, M0); (T1-4a, N2a, M0).  T1-4a: Non-ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  N1a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmia Related to COVID-19

Ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation lasting greater than or equal to 30 seconds, or requiring direct current cardioversion (DCCV) in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Breast Columnar Cell Hyperplasia with Atypia

A columnar cell lesion characterized by the presence of enlarged terminal ductal lobular units with dilated acini.  The acini are lined by more than two layers of columnar epithelial cells.  Cytologic atypia is present.  Prominent apical cytoplasmic snouts and intraluminal secretions are also present.


Resectable Liposarcoma

Liposarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIIC Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (Any pT/TX, N1-3, M0, S3); (Any pT/TX, Any N, M1a, S3); (Any pT/TX, Any N, M1b, Any S). TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N2: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor. N3: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. M1a: Testicular cancer with non-retroperitoneal nodal or pulmonary metastases. M1b: Testicular cancer with non-pulmonary visceral metastases. S3: LDH more than 10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) more than 50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) more than 10,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The reemergence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults after a period of remission.


Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia-1

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of low grade epithelial atypia.


Primary Graft Failure After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Failure of initial engraftment of donor hematopoietic cells.


Refractory Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia

Aggressive NK-cell leukemia that is resistant to treatment.


Factor VIII Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor VIII in the blood.


Chest Pain in Sternum

The location of the chest pain is in the middle of the anterior wall of the thorax, bounded by the clavicles, above, and with the cartilages of the first seven ribs, along the sides.


Scrotal Infection

A bacterial, fungal or viral infectious process affecting the scrotum.


Tubular adenoma of breast

A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the breast.  It is composed entirely of tubular structures that contain epithelial and myoepithelial cells.


Stage IVA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: T4, N0-1, M0. T4: Tumor invades the main portal vein or hepatic artery, or invades two or more extrahepatic organs or structures.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastases to nodes along the cystic duct, common bile duct, hepatic artery, and/or portal vein. M0: No distant metastasis.  (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Ocular surface squamous neoplasia

An umbrella term that comprises the spectrum of squamous neoplasms of the conjunctiva, ranging  from low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.


Urethritis Cystica and Glandularis

A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the urethra.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the urethral wall.  The cysts are lined by urothelial cells and metaplastic glandular cells.


Intraocular Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that occurs in the intraocular area.


Congenital spondylolysis of lumbosacral region

A defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch of a lumbar or sacral vertebra that is present at the time of birth.


Chronic Phase Primary Myelofibrosis

Primary myelofibrosis characterized by the presence of less than 10% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow.


Advanced NUT Carcinoma

NUT carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Immature Granulocytic Sarcoma

A granulocytic sarcoma composed of myeloblasts and promyelocytes (WHO 2001).


Foreign body in genitourinary tract

Extraneous material located within the genital and urinary organs.


Staphylococcal osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis resulting from an infection with Staphylococcus.


Non-Neoplastic Lacrimal System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the lacrimal gland and/or the lacrimal drainage system.


Unresectable Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Sarcoma

A sarcoma that occurs during childhood.


Locally Advanced Anal Carcinoma

Anal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Synchronous Nodules without Dominant Lesion(s)

A finding of multiple pulmonary nodules in which radiologic imaging shows no evidence of a dominant lesion.


Necrotising vasculopathy

Disorders of blood vessels characterized by luminal narrowing due to intramural immune deposits.


Liver Dysplastic Nodule

A premalignant neoplastic nodular lesion of the liver that usually measures less than 15 mm.  It is found during microscopic examination of liver tissues, usually in cirrhotic livers.  Based on the degree of atypia, it is classified as low or high grade.


Pathologic Stage III Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any pT, pN1, cM0, Any H. pN1: Regional lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)