major alar cartilage

The greater alar cartilage (lower lateral cartilage) is a thin, flexible plate, situated immediately below the preceding, and bent upon itself in such a manner as to form the medial wall and lateral wall of the naris of its own side. The portion which forms the medial wall (crus mediale) is loosely connected with the corresponding portion of the opposite cartilage, the two forming, together with the thickened integument and subjacent tissue, the septum mobile nasi. The part which forms the lateral wall (crus laterale) is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages). Above, it is connected by fibrous tissue to the lateral cartilage and front part of the cartilage of the septum; below, it falls short of the margin of the naris, the ala being completed by fatty and fibrous tissue covered by skin. In front, the greater alar cartilages are separated by a notch which corresponds with the apex of the nose.


epaxial region somite 21

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The epaxial region of somite 21 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


interlobular stroma of mammary gland

The interlobular stroma of the mammary gland lobule separates the lobules and intralobular stroma from any substantial direct contact with the adipose tissue. It is more compact than the intralobular stroma.


epaxial region somite 3

The epaxial region of somite 3 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


kidney pelvis smooth muscle

The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the urothelium of the kidney pelvis.


smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lobular bronchiole.


skeletal muscle connective tissue

A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue.


hindlimb connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a gluteus maximus [Automatically generated definition].


red bone marrow

The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream.


perichordal tissue

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.


internodal tract

A conducting pathway in the conducting tissue of heart through which electrical activity spreads from the SA node to the AV node.


hypaxial region somite 7

The hypaxial region of somite 7 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


central cardiac conduction system

Cardiac conduction system, characterized by slow impulse propagation and prolonged refractory periods.


epaxial region somite 2

The epaxial region of somite 2 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of masseter

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a masseter [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 27

The epaxial region of somite 27 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle

A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium auricular region.


anal region skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition].


lamina

Any thin layer or plate.


shoulder connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition].


compact bone of diaphysis

A compact bone tissue that is part of a diaphysis.


intramembranous bone tissue

Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP].


ceratoglossus

Main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone.


pectoral appendage cartilage tissue

A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage.


dermis connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 27

The hypaxial region of somite 27 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


yellow bone marrow

Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network.


hypaxial region somite 17

The hypaxial region of somite 17 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


gastrointestinal system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].


long bone epiphyseal plate proliferative zone

Germinal layer of the epiphyseal plate where cells are actively dividing as well as producing extracellular matrix[MP].


xiphoid process bone

A bone tissue that is part of a xiphoid process.


peripheral cardiac conduction system

Portion of the cardiac conduction system, with rapid impulse propagation.


visceral striated muscle tissue

A striated muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera).


smooth muscle of esophagus

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].


Sharpey's fiber

Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibres connecting periosteum to bone. They are part of the outer fibrous layer of periosteum, entering into the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone tissue.


nasopharynx connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition].


vagina smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition].


pre-enameloid

Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.


cardiac muscle of left atrium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition].


alveolar smooth muscle

Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus.


hypaxial region somite 21

The hypaxial region of somite 21 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a transversus thoracis [Automatically generated definition].


raphe of hard palate

A palatine raphe that is part of a hard palate.


trachea connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trachea.


pre-enamel

Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.


thoracic segment connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 6

The epaxial region of somite 6 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cardiovascular system elastic tissue

An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition].


esophagus skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 23

The epaxial region of somite 23 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


outflow tract smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition].


visceral muscle tissue

A muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera).


inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium

The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes.


tail connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition].


back connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition].


fenestra endonarina communis

Opening on the anterolateral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis externa.


superior prenasal cartilage

Paired, elongate cartilages that extend anteroventrally to abut the dorsomedial margin of the posterior face of the alary process of the premaxilla. The function of these cartilages is to transmit the movement of the premaxilla to the alary cartilages during the closure of the apertura nasalis externa.


bony part of pharyngotympanic tube

The bony part of pharyngotympanic tube is about 12 mm. in length. It begins in the carotid wall of the tympanic cavity, below the septum canalis musculotubarii, and, gradually narrowing, ends at the angle of junction of the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone, its extremity presenting a jagged margin which serves for the attachment of the cartilaginous portion.


main bronchus connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of trunk

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk.


arterial system smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition].


clitoral smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a clitoris.


epaxial region somite 29

The epaxial region of somite 29 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


conducting system of heart

The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO].


mineralized bone tissue

Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.


skeletal muscle tissue of eye

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition].


dental pulp of median incisor tusk

A dental pulp that is part of a narwhal tusk.


epaxial region somite 19

The epaxial region of somite 19 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


posterior stroma of cornea

The posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea.


epaxial region somite 11

The epaxial region of somite 11 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


urethra skeletal muscle tissue

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition].


smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis.


urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial myotome region

Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum.


incisor dental pulp

A dental pulp that is part of a incisor tooth.


epaxial region somite 5

The epaxial region of somite 5 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


pes connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition].


pectoral fin endoskeletal disc

A plate-like chondrogenic condensation within the pectoral fin, which subdivides into individual radials by decomposition of extracellular matrix in the inter-radial mesenchyme (Grandel and Schulte-Merker, 1998).


hypaxial region somite 11

The hypaxial region of somite 11 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


compact bone of long bone

A compact bone tissue that is part of a bone tissue of long bone.


perineal body smooth muscle muscle tissue


skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a iliacus [Automatically generated definition].


gizzard smooth muscle

A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gizzard.


interventricular septum muscular part

The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart.


pterygomandibular raphe

The pterygomandibular raphe (pterygomandibular ligament) is a tendinous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached by one extremity to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and by the other to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible. Its medial surface is covered by the mucous membrane of the mouth. Its lateral surface is separated from the ramus of the mandible by a quantity of adipose tissue. Its posterior border gives attachment to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Its anterior border attaches to the posterior edge of the buccinator.


lateral nasal cartilage

The lateral cartilage (upper lateral cartilage) is situated below the inferior margin of the nasal bone, and is flattened, and triangular in shape.[WP].


cardiac muscle tissue

Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified].


pulmonary interlobular septum

A septum that surrounds and gives shape to the secondary pulmonary lobules, it is composed of connective tissue within which run the pulmonary veins and lymphatic vessels.


hypaxial region somite 24

The hypaxial region of somite 24 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 20

The epaxial region of somite 20 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


striated muscle tissue of prostate

A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 10

The hypaxial region of somite 10 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


fenestra prechoanalis

Large opening of the nasal floor anterior to the fenestra endochoanalis.


manual digit connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 12

The hypaxial region of somite 12 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 13

The epaxial region of somite 13 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


trunk connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].


endodontium

A pulp-dentin complex or endodont that is part of a calcareous tooth.


epaxial region somite 7

The epaxial region of somite 7 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


main bronchus smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


xiphoid cartilage

A costal cartilage that is part of a xiphoid process.


long bone epiphyseal plate ossification zone

Layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited[MP].


hypaxial region somite 22

The hypaxial region of somite 22 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 18

The hypaxial region of somite 18 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


upper leg connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


long bone epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone

The layer of the epiphyseal plate of a long bone where chondrocytes mature and enlarge[MP].


urinary bladder smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


raphe of soft palate

A palatine raphe that is part of a soft palate.


cartilage tissue of sternum

Any portion of cartilage tissue that is part of the sternum.


urethra smooth muscle layer

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition].


respiratory system skeletal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


areolar connective tissue

Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand.


skeletal muscle fiber triad

The skeletal muscle fiber structure comprised of the transverse tubule and the two associated terminal cisternae; each fiber normally has thousands of triads.


outer fibrous layer of perichondrium

The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers.


accessory nasal cartilage

Small cartilages of the nose connecting the greater alar cartilage and lateral nasal cartilage.


inferior prenasal cartilage

Elongate cartilage that extends anteroventrally from the solum nasi to abut the ventral portion of the posterior aspect of the alary process of the premaxilla. It was first described by Wiedersheim in 1876.


epaxial region somite 10

The epaxial region of somite 10 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of internal intercostal muscle

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a internal intercostal muscle [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of teres major

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a teres major [Automatically generated definition].


bone tissue of distal epiphysis

A portion of bone tissue that is part of a distal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition].


iris smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].


epaxial region somite 30

The epaxial region of somite 30 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epaxial region somite 26

The epaxial region of somite 26 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 9

The hypaxial region of somite 9 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


muscularis orbicularis

A fringe of muscle running along the periphery of the panniculus.


arm connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a supraspinatus [Automatically generated definition].


iliac artery smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac artery.


fenestra nasobasalis

Small opening at the anterior tip of the nasal capsule, on the floor of the cavum inferius. It is located medially to the base of the inferior prenasal cartilage and serves for the passage of the ramus medialis narium and arteria orbitonasalis.


hypaxial region somite 16

The hypaxial region of somite 16 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


iliac vein smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac vein.


non-mineralized cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.


minor alar cartilage

The part which forms the lateral wall is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages.


enthesis

The connective tissue between tendon and bone insertion sites, which acts to transmit tensile load from soft tissues to bone. They may be of the dense fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage type; fibrous entheses attach directly to bone or periosteum primarily via fibrous tissue, and fibrocartilaginous entheses attach to bone through a transitional layer of fibrocartilage from the fibrous tendon tissue the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone. Recurring stress or inflammatory autoimmune disease can cause inflammation or occasionally fibrosis and calcification of the enthesis.


hypaxial myotome region

Portion of myotome that is ventral to the horizontal septum.


epaxial region somite 4

The epaxial region of somite 4 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hypaxial region somite 1

The hypaxial region of somite 1 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


heart elastic tissue

The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers.


medial orbitonasal foramen

Opening on the postnasal wall for the medial branch (= ramus medialis nasi) of the ophthalmicus nerve.


red bone marrow of iliac crest

Red bone marrow located in an iliac crest.


lobar bronchus connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of left auricle

A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium auricular region.


smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition].


Bachmann's bundle

The impulse conduction tract that originates in the sinoatrial node and transmits signal to the left atrium.


perichordal ring

Enlarged section of perichordal tube that is arranged serially but out of phase with segmental musculature.


fenestra nasolateralis

Elongated opening located on the lateral side of the nasal capsule.


wrist connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition].


lung connective tissue

The connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin.


metanephric smooth muscle tissue

Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros.


chondroid tissue

Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue.


fenestra lateralis nasi

Opening on the lateral side of the nasal capsule.


enteric circular muscle

Smooth muscle of the enteric muscle system in which the cells are aligned perpendicular to the lumen of the gut.


epididymis smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Automatically generated definition].


muscularis mucosa of fundus of urinary bladder

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of urinary bladder.


respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle

A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


visceral obliquely striated muscle tissue

A striated visceral muscle tissue that has an oblique striation.


red bone marrow of sternum

Red bone marrow located in the sternum.


hypaxial region somite 23

The hypaxial region of somite 23 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


cutaneous elastic tissue

The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity.


anterior stroma of cornea

The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea.


hypaxial region somite 25

The hypaxial region of somite 25 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


corpuscles of Stannius

Islands of eosinic cells found on the lateroventral surface of the kidney. Function is thought to be that of the parathyroid gland in other vertebrates, which are lacking in fishes. These cells secrete hypocalcin (teleocalcin) to regulate calcium metabolism.


cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition].


erector muscle

Muscle that moves parts of the body in a superior direction to an erect position. Antagonistic to depressor muscle.


paired limb/fin cartilage

A cartilage tissue that is part of a paired limb or fin.


pulmonary myocardium

The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


epaxial region somite 22

The epaxial region of somite 22 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


esophagogastric junction muscularis mucosa

Muscularis mucosa from the lowest portion of the esophagus, just proximal to the stomach.


epaxial region somite 1

The epaxial region of somite 1 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


endochondral bone tissue

Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[VSAO, modified].


chest connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


paranasal commissure

Cartilaginous bridge that extends posteriorly to the anterolateral corner of the posterior nasal wall.


epaxial region somite 18

The epaxial region of somite 18 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


growth plate cartilage

Cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.


musculotendinous bundle

A collection of muscle and tendinous tissue.


oblique cartilage

Semi-circular cartilaginous sheet that lies lateral to the side of the septum nasi.


oviduct smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis [Automatically generated definition].


ankle connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition].


mineralized skeletal tissue

Skeletal tissue that is mineralized.


skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition].


hypaxial region somite 6

The hypaxial region of somite 6 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


vomeronasal cartilage

The vomeronasal cartilage (or Jacobson's cartilage) is a narrow strip of cartilage, low on the medial wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the cartilaginous nasal septum and the vomer. The cartilage lies below, but is not connected to, the rudimentary vomeronasal organ of Jacobson[WP].


forelimb connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].


thoracic cavity element

An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli.


abdominal viscera

A viscus that is part of a abdomen.


prootic-pterosphenoid joint

Joint that articulates the prootic and pterosphenoid. prootic-pterosphenoid joint is paired.


Grueneberg ganglion

An olfactory ganglion at the entrance of the nose of mammals that is involved in the detection of alarm pheromones and cold temperatures.


paraganglion (generic)

A cluster of neuroendocrine cells derived from neural crest. Paraganglia may be chromaffin or nonchromaffin.


cell cluster organ

A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function.


right clavicle

A clavicle that is in the right side of a entire appendicular skeleton.


chloroplast chromosome

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.


plastid chromosome

A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.


Cisatracurium Besylate

The (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium besylate. Commercial preparations of atracurium are mixtures of 10 stereoisomers, of which cisatracurium generally constitutes about 15%. Cisatracurium besylate is about 3 times more potent than the mixture of atracurium isomers as a neuromuscular blocking agent, and is used as a muscle relaxant for endotracheal intubation, to aid controlled ventilation, and in general anaesthesia.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole.


muscle organ

Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO].


skeletal muscle organ, vertebrate

A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles).


thoracic segment muscle

Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


axial muscle

One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs.


rectus capitis lateralis muscle

A muscle that arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas and inserts into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone.


cranial muscle

Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region.


skeletal muscle of trunk

A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region.


mentalis muscle

A muscle of facial expression, innervated by the facial nerve, attached to the skin of the lower lip and inferior to the lower lip (in humans this region is called the chin or mental region), the orbicularis oris muscle, and the mandible in the symphyseal region. See Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011).


abdominal segment muscle

A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition].


depressor septi nasi

The depressor septi (Depressor alE nasi) arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip.


nasalis muscle

The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus. The alar part is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the other to the integument at the point of the nose. Other sources divide it into 'Compressor nasalis' and 'Dilator nasalis'.


procerus

The Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle deep to the superior orbital nerve, artery and vein.


splenius capitis

A muscle that arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ and inserts the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line[WP,modified].


orbicularis oris muscle

The orbicularis oris is a superficial facial muscle with fibers that encircle the opening of the oral cavity that attaches to the maxilla, mandible, skin and modiolus, and that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, and is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII).


rectus capitis posterior major

A muscle that arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis and inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line.


levator anguli oris

The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen. Its fibers are inserted into the angle of the mouth, intermingling with those of the Zygomaticus, Triangularis, and Orbicularis oris.


depressor anguli oris muscle

The Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the mouth.


prevertebral muscle of neck

A prevertebral muscle that is part of a neck.


muscle rectus abdominis superficialis

A component of the rectus abdominal muscle that is some taxa.


posterior digastric muscle

The posterior digastric is a pharyngeal arch II muscle that participates in oral pharyngeal behavior, is innervated by the digastric branch of facial nerve and attaches to the posterior cranial base and the hyoid apparatus. It is found superficial to the mylohyoid muscle.


jugulohyoideus muscle

Runs from the processus jugularis to the os stylohyoideum; innervated with the ramus jugulohyoideus from the nervus facialis.


rectus capitis posterior minor

A muscle that arise from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the and is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura.


levator claviculae muscle

A skeletal muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck. It originates on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle.


abdominal oblique muscle

Either the external or internal abdominal oblique muscles.


transversus menti muscle

The transversus menti, or transverse muscle of the chin, is a facial muscle that is often considered to be the superficial fibers of the depressor anguli oris muscle which cross to the other side of the face.


trigeminal nerve muscle

Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V).


depressor supercilii

The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al. ) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle . On the other hand, many dermatologists, ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons hold that the depressor supercilli is a distinct muscle and has a definite, individual effect on the movement of the eybrow and skin of the glabella.


sphincter colli profundus muscle

The sphincter colli profundus lies below the platysma in the area of the parotid gland (gland regions).


scalenus anterior

The Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus), also known as anterior scalene muscle, lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus. It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrC&, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of the rib in front of the subclavian groove.


levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the 'lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose'. It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal.


rectus capitis anterior

A muscle situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis that arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process that inserts into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum.


IgX immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgX isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgX immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


imidazopyridazine

An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of an imidazole ring ortho-fused to a pyridazine ring.


somatic spine

Spine emanating from the cell soma of a neuron.


nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

A nuclear membrane protein complex which connects the nuclear outer and inner membranes together, and links thereby links the nuclear lumen to cytoplasmic microtubules.


mitotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

A protein complex capable of interacting with the spindle pole body and the nuclear envelope, in order to embed the spindle pole body in the nuclear envelope at fusion sites of the inner and outer nuclear membrane.


(S)-fluoxetine

An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has S configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].


glycinergic synapse

A synapse that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter.


cytoplasmic replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


pleural ganglion

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A knot of nerves in The pallial cavity that innervates the mantle of a snail[BTO,modified].


host cell lysosomal membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.


cytochrome b6f complex

Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.


oligosaccharyltransferase III complex

An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma and the tetrameric TRAP complex. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTIII complex has the strongest affinity for ribosomes.


ventral cochlear nucleus

The ventral cochlear nucleus (or anterior, or accessory), placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. Composed of several regions of distinct cell types, this nucleus serves primarily as a relay station for ascending auditory information. Bushy cells in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), which receive end bulbs of held from auditory nerve fibers, project to the superior olivary complex through the trapezoid body and intermediate acoustic stria. Other cell types project to the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus directly. [WP,unvetted].


nucleus of medulla oblongata

A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata.


metanephric collecting duct

A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Automatically generated definition].


cell cortex of growing cell tip

Any cell cortex that is part of a growing cell tip.


cytoplasm

The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.


posterior cell cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the posterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


dendritic spine cytoplasm

The region of the neuronal cytoplasm located in dendritic spines.


lateral cell cortex

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane of the lateral portion of the cell.


presynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

The cytoplasmic component of the presynaptic endocytic zone.


equatorial cell cortex

The region of the cell cortex in a mitotically dividing cell that flanks the central spindle and corresponds to the site of actomyosin ring formation that results in cleavage furrow formation and ingression.


cell cortex of cell tip

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


medial cortex

A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.


postsynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

The cytoplasmic component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone.


cell leading edge cell cortex

The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell.


apicomedial cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the middle of the apical edge of a cell.


anterior cell cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the anterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


neuron projection cytoplasm

All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.


cell cortex of non-growing cell tip

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip at which no growth takes place.


chloroplast small ribosomal subunit

The small subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


plastid small ribosomal subunit

The smaller of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome.


CLRC complex

An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.


multi-limb segment region

A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions).


cytosolic alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Cytosolic complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex III

A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


membrane bone

Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.


ossified ligament

Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint.


endochondral bone

Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.


pectoral girdle bone

A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region.


ossified tendon

Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint.


bone of appendage girdle complex

A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle).


girdle bone/zone

A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region.


left clavicle

A clavicle that is in the left side of a entire appendicular skeleton.


neck bone

A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition].


cranial bone

A bone that is part of a cranium.


bone of pectoral complex

A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin.


intramembranous bone

Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP].


dermal bone

Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO].


pneumatized bone

A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD].


monocarboxylic acid amide

A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.


(S)-modafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. The racemate comprising (S)-modafinil and its enantiomer, armodafinil, is known as modafinil and is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The enantiomers have similar pharmacological actions in animals.


armodafinil

A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole.


(R)-atenolol

The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.


dacarbazine

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide which is substituted at position 5 by a 3,3-dimethyltriaz-1-en-1-yl group. It is used for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma, and in combination with other drugs for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and soft-tissue sarcoma.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-amine.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isobutyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-isopentyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazole.


arenecarboxamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an arene ring system.


esatenolol

The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.


B-WICH complex

A chromatin remodeling complex that positively regulates histone H3 acetylation, in particular H3K9, by recruiting histone acetyltransferases to rDNA gene regions. Located in the nucleolus where it assembles on RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) and possibly on RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) promoter and coding regions during early G1 phase and activates the post-initiation phases of Pol I transcription. May also activate RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) gene transcription. In mammals, B-WICH contains the WICH complex core of BAZ1B and SMARCA5, additional protein subunits and possibly rRNAs. Although it contains several catalytic subunits it is not clear which functions are carried out by the complex itself.


NoRC complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and a Tip5 homolog. In mammals, NoRC is involved in regulation of transcription from RNAP I and RNA polymerase III promoters.


Isw1a complex

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.


mBAF complex

A muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight to fourteen proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or the SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila brm (brahma) gene, or an ortholog of either of these genes, and the muscle-specific product of the DPF3/BAF45C gene or an ortholog thereof.


Isw1 complex

A protein complex that contains an Isw1 subunit from the ISWI-family of ATPases and acts to modify chromatin structure.


Isw1b complex

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p.


SHREC complex

A histone deacetylase complex that contains a core of four proteins -- Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Mit1 in fission yeast -- and localizes to all heterochromatic regions in the genome as well as some euchromatic sites. The complex is involved in regulating nucleosome positioning to assemble higher-order chromatin structures.


ACF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and generally no other subunits, though Xenopus is an exception with a third non-conserved subunit. ACF plays roles in regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


archaeal proton-transporting A-type ATPase complex

A large proton-transporting two-sector ATPase protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane and is found in Archaea.


RSC-type complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a bromodomain containing-protein, such as yeast Rsc1 or Rsc4 or mammalian PB1/BAF180. The RSC complex is generally recruited to RNA polymerase III promoters and is specifically recruited to RNA polymerase II promoters by transcriptional activators and repressors; it is also involved in non-homologous end joining.


plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the plasma membrane.


esBAF complex

An embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or an ortholog thereof. Compared to many other BAF complexes never contains ACTL6B/BAF53B, ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCA2/BRM, SMARCC2/BAF170 or SMARCD3/BAF60C but contains PHF10/BAF45A, DPF2/BAF45D and possibly one of BCL7A/B/C.


WICH complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and WSTF (Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor). WICH plays roles in regulation of RNAP I and III transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


ESCRT IV complex

An ESCRT complex that has AAA-ATPase activity and is involved in ESCRT-mediated intralumenal vesicle formation and the final stages of cytokinesis. The complex catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT III filament around the neck of the budding vesicle in an ATP-driven reaction, resulting in membrane scission and recycling of the ESCRT III components back to the cytosol. In yeast, it is formed by the AAA ATPase Vps4 and its cofactor Vta1.


GBAF complex

A SWI/SNF subcomplex that incorporates two mutually exclusive paralogs, GLTSCR1 (glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1) or GLTSCR1L (GLTSCR1-like), BRD9 (bromodomain-containing 9) and the BAF subunits BAF155, BAF60, SS18, BAF53a, and BRG1/BRM.


chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.


enhanceosome

A protein-DNA complex formed by the association of a distinct set of general and specific transcription factors with a region of enhancer DNA. The cooperative assembly of an enhanceosome confers specificity of transcriptional regulation.


(6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid

The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.


primary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.


secretory circumventricular organ

A circumventricular organ that is capable of secreting substances into the cerebrospinal fluid.


neuroendocrine gland

Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and that release hormones in response to neural stimuli.


tube

Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported.


papillary duct

The terminal portions of the medullary collecting ducts are the papillary ducts, which end at the renal papilla and empty into a minor calyx.


outer medullary collecting duct

The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla.


inner medullary collecting duct

The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla.


excretory tube

A tube that is part of a excretory system.


thoracic vertebra endochondral element

A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column.


pathogen-containing vacuole

A membrane-bound intracellular compartment that is formed upon internalization of a pathogen into a host cell, and in which the pathogen resides.


A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1). ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.


spiny bracelet of Nageotte

Paranodal terminations of Schwann cells that do not directly contact the paranodal axon membrane. Usually found in thicker myelin.


terminal loop

Portion of myelin-forming Schwann cell consisting of terminal cytoplasmic extensions adhered to the axon at the beginning and end of the myelin sheath.


capitate projection

Simple or compound process of epithelial glial cells with a spherical head that inserts into photoreceptor axons. Capitate projections have only been observed in Brachycera (flies).


monohydroxyquinoline

A hydroxyquinoline carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


A quinoline having the keto group at the 4-position and an additional hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.


ankyrin-1 complex

A complex composed of ANK1, RHCE, RHAG, SLC4A1, EPB42, GYPA, GYPB and AQP1, that functions in the stability and shape of the erythrocyte membrane in human.


cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse

A synapse of a granule cell fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum.


median fin

Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.


pelvic spur

Pelvic spurs are the externally visible portion of the vestigial remnants of legs found on each side of the vent in primitive snakes, such as boas and pythons. The remnants of a pelvis and femur, which have no connection with the spine, simply 'float' in the muscle mass. The femur protrudes from the snake's body and is covered by a corneal spur, which resembles a claw. Males' spurs are generally longer and more pointed than females', and are used for clasping and tickling during courtship and mating, as well as combat with other males in some species.


antenna

The paired, usually multiple jointed, sensory organs articulating on the procephalic region of the head capsule; its highly versatile sensory structures are capable to detect the various environmental stimuli. In the context of Drosophila refers to they are the most anterior segmented sensory appendage of the head.


cephalic spine

One of the spines, probably denticle derivatives, occurring singly or in pairs just behind the orbit on the cheek area in some fossil sharks. May have occurred only in males and may have served to hold the female during copulation, e.g. in the Jurassic genera Hybodus, Asteracanthus and Acrodus.


adipose fin

A fin that is fleshy, lacks supporting rays, and is located posterior to the dorsal fin.


triphycercal tail

A caudal fin with three lobes.


autopodial extension

A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis.


sucking disc

Distinctive first dorsal fin taking the form of a modified oval sucker-like organ with slat-like structures that open and close to create suction and take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals.


left nipple

A nipple that is in_the_left_side_of a body proper.


posterior dorsal fin

Dorsal fin located posterior to the anterior dorsal fin.


right nipple

A nipple that is in_the_right_side_of a body proper.


clavus

A rudder-like lobe formed from extensions of dorsal and anal fin rays.


digit 1 or 5

Either of the outermost digits in a five-digit autopod, or their phylogenetic equivalent.


subdivision of organism along main body axis

A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column.


zeugopod

The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus).


tube foot

One of the numerous external, fluid-filled muscular tubes of echinoderms, such as the starfish or sea urchin, serving as organs of locomotion, food handling, and respiration[BTO]. Tube feet consist of two parts: ampulla and podia. Ampulla contain both circular muscles and longitudinal muscle, whereas the podia contain the latter only. Thus the podia use suction to attach to the substratum[WP].


anal fin

Median fin that is located posterior to the anus.


digit 1

A digit that is part of a digit 1 plus metapodial segment.


caudal fin

The caudal fin is the most posterior median fin. It is composed of a complex of modified centra and modified neural and hemal arches and spines.


dorsal fin

Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism.


manual minor digit (Aves)

A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 3 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 4.


spine appendage of head

A spine appendage that is part of a head.


diphycercal tail

An internally and externally symmetrical tail (caudal) fin.


tunicate siphon

Tubular appendage for drawing or ejecting fluids.


anterior dorsal fin

A dorsal fin located anterior to posterior dorsal fin.


epicercal tail

Tail fin in which the the caudal part of the notochord tapers posterodorsally. Based on Pradel et al. 2007.


embryonic head

A head that is part of a embryo.


insect leg

The walking appendages of each segment of the ventral adult external thorax[FBbt]. A leg derived from an imaginal disc[GO].


homocercal tail

Type of tail fin in which the vertebrae generally turn upward at the hind end of the column, but which is externally symmetrical. The fin rays of the caudal are supported by hypaxial elements.


left external ear

An external ear that is in the left side of a multicellular organism.


haltere

The capitate stalk on both sides of the thorax having developed from the dorsal metathoracic wing-buds, it is freely movable and capable of vibration, representing the hind wing of Diptera; used for flight balance.


manual major digit (Aves)

A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 2 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 3.


alular digit

A manual digit found in Aves that is the most preaxial position and is morphologically similar to digit 1 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 2, with contributions from embryonic digit 1.


upper limb segment

A limb segment that is part of a forelimb.


fin

An external projection of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body[BTO].


paired limb/fin segment

An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin.


pedicellaria

A small wrench or claw-shaped structure commonly found on Echinoderms, particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea). Pedicellariae are poorly understood but in some taxa, they are thought to keep the body surface clear of algae, encrusting organisms, and other debris in conjunction with the ciliated epidermis present in all echinoderms. Pedicellariae in some taxa, such as the deep-sea Brisingida, and the Antarctic Labidiaster are known to function in food capture. In forcipulate sea stars, each pedicellaria is typically composed three forceps-like valves. Other asteroids can have pedicellariae composed of only two components. In some asteroid sea stars pedicellariae are present around the base of a spine or on the surface of the animal's body. In other sea stars, they are present in pits on the abactinal, marginal, or actinal surface; oftentimes on the adambulacral plate adjacent to the tube foot furrow.


elephant trunk

An appendage formed by the fusion of the nose and upper lip.


imaginal disc-derived wing

A flight organ of the adult external thorax that is derived from a dorsal mesothoracic disc.


right external ear

An external ear that is in the right side of a multicellular organism.


spine appendage

A hard, thorny or needle-like structure which occurs on various animals. Animals such as porcupines and sea urchins grow spines as a self-defense mechanism. Spines are often formed of keratin. Other animals with spines are hedgehogs, spiny mice and at least two ornithischian dinosaurs.


heterocercal tail

Type of tail (caudal) fin in which the vertebral column turns upwards into the upper lobe which is longer than the lower. Asymmetrical externally as well as internally.


subdivision of organism along appendicular axis

A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg.


lower limb segment

A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb.


parapodium

Either of a pair of fleshy lateral processes borne by most segments of a polychaete worm.


insect larval head

Any head that is part of some larva.


wing

Appendage that is shaped in order to produce lift for flight through the air.


insect embryonic/larval ocular segment sensillum

Any embryonic/larval sense organ (UBERON:6002639) that is part of some larval ocular segment (UBERON:6001731).


cupular organ

Epithelial sense organ containing the cupula housing a gelatinous material elongated from the basement of the organ toward the atrial cavity. The basement of the cupular organ consists of two cell types: sensory cells and support cell.


chordotonal organ

Chordotonal organs are arthropod sensory structures consisting of special sensilla called the scolopidia, which are mechano-transducers and respond mainly to stretch or flexion. In insects, they consist of bundles of internal sensilla, each of which has a cap cell, an enveloping cell and one or more sense cells. The distal end of the organ is usually attached to the cuticle of the body wall, marked by a pit, a thickened disc or a nodule of chitin, and the base of the organ is connected with the hypodermis, often by a special ligament.


skin gland

A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition].


head taste bud

A taste bud that is located on the skin of the head.


lip taste bud

A taste bud that is located on a lip.


nasal turbinal

A skeletal element of the ethmoid region with complex morphology that are lined with mucuous membranes involved in either olfaction or air conditioning.


adrenal/interrenal gland

This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO].


epidermis gland

A gland that is part of a epidermis.


pelvic region element

An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis.


immune organ

An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition].


neuromast

Volcano-shaped lateral line sensory organ located in characteristic positions within the skin epithelium and containing hair cells and their support elements.


ligament of middle ear

A ligament that is part of a middle ear.


trunk region element

An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions.


cavitated compound organ

Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.


dorsal ocellus

A simple visual organ of insects[GO]. Two ocelli appear on the vertical and one on the frontal plate[FBbt]. The multi-tissue structure that is located on the top of the head, composed of the corneal lens, pigment cell, rhabdoms and synaptic plexus[HAO]. Two evolutionary distinct ocellus types exist [2]: dorsal ocelli (or simply 'ocelli'), found in most insects, and lateral ocelli (or stemmata), which are found in the larvae of some insect orders. They are structurally and functionally very different. Simple eyes of other animals, e.g. cnidarians may also be referred to as 'ocelli', but again the structure and anatomy of these eyes is quite distinct from those of the dorsal ocelli of insects[Wikipedia].


pelvic ligament

The dorsal sacroiliac, the sacrotuberal and/or the iliolumbar ligaments associated with the bony ring formed by the pair of hip bones fused at the symphysis and their firm articulation with the sacrum.


gland of integumental system

A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition].


arthropod neurohemal organ

A system of neurons that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system.


infraorbital lateral line neuromast

Neuromast that is part of the infraorbital lateral line. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.).


integumental taste bud

A taste bud that is located external to the digestive tube, on the head or body, as found in species such as goldfish.


palatal taste bud

A taste bud that is located on the soft palate, in the roof of the mouth.


compound organ

Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.


mandibular lateral line neuromast

Neuromast that is part of the mandibular lateral line. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.).


multi-unit eye

An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs.


cervical vertebra endochondral element

A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column.


hermaphrodite gonad

A gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects[WP].


endochondral element

A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.


incus endochondral element

An incus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.


pharyngeal taste bud

A taste bud that is located in the pharynx.


cruciate ligament of atlas

A cruciate ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of the atlas, along with additional fibers above and below.


Jakubowski's organ

Neuromast of the supraorbital sensory canal in the nasal bone. It is innervated by the buccal nerve rather than by the supraorbital nerve, which invariably innervates neuromasts of the supraorbital canal. (Johnson and Patterson 1993).


tongue taste bud

A taste bud that is located on the tongue, situated on a gustatory papilla.


esophageal taste bud

A taste bud that is located in the esophagus.


lateral arcuate ligament

The lateral arcuate ligament (also lateral lumbocostal arch) is a ligament under the diaphragm that arches across the upper part of the quadratus lumborum. It is traversed by the subcostal nerve, artery and vein.


eye gland

A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid.


eyeball of camera-type eye

The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye.


vomeronasal organ

An organ thought to supplement the olfactory system in receiving pheromonic communication. The sensory part of the organ is in two long, thin sacs, situated on either side of the nasal septum at its base.


middle lateral line neuromast

Neuromast that is part of the middle lateral line. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.).


palato-maxillary ligament

Ligament between the palatine and maxilla [Stiassny 1986].


electroreceptor organ

An organ that is capable of detecting electrical stimulus.


sphenoid endochondral element

A sphenoid bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.


lateral ocellus

The ocellus that is paired[HAO]. The number, form, and function of the dorsal ocelli varies markedly throughout insect orders. They tend to be larger and more strongly expressed in flying insects (particularly bees, wasps, dragonflies and locusts), where they are typically found as a triplet. Two lateral ocelli are directed to the left and right of the head respectively, while a central (median) ocellus is directed frontally. In some terrestrial insects (e.g. some ants and cockroaches), only two lateral ocelli are present: the median ocellus is absent. Note that the unfortunately labelled 'lateral ocelli' here refers to the sideways facing position of the ocelli, which are of the dorsal type. They should not be confused with the lateral ocelli of some insect larvae (see stemmata)[Wikipedia].


reproductive gland

Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction.


ommatidium

The smallest morphological and functional unit of the compound eye that consists of a usually limited and often constant number of rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells, cornea-secreting epithelial cells, and interommatidial pigment cells, and may additionally contain crystalline cone cells.


corpus cardiacum

One of a pair of neurohemal organs located on the walls of the aorta just behind the brain. The corpora cardiaca release their store of PTTH only after they receive a signal from neurosecretory cells in the brain.


ampullary organ

Organ that consists of receptor cells located within an epidermal invagination and functions as an electroreceptor.


sesamoid element

Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation.


digestive system gland

Any gland that is part of the digestive system.


anular ligament of radius

The anular ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius (bone), and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna.


mouth roof taste bud

A taste bud that is located on the roof of the mouth.


corpuscle of de Quatrefage

A specialised sensory organ located in the subepidermal connective tissue at the rostral end of late larval and adult amphioxus. They consist of between 1 and 4 nerve cells with axons, each with 2 cilia, surrounded by up to 7 sheath cells. The cilia extend into a protrusion of the basal lamina which surrounds each corpuscle. The axonal process contributes to the rostral nerve.


circulatory organ

A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile.


male reproductive organ

A male organ involved in reproduction.


chest organ

An organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


digestive system element

Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements.


coronal organ

Mechanoreceptor organ found in oral siphon of botryllid ascidians, made of hair cells, similar to the vertebrate octavolateralis system. A possible candidate of the vertebrate lateral line.


interrenal gland

Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in close proximity to or imbedded in the head kidney.


medial arcuate ligament

The medial arcuate ligament (also medial lumbocostal arch) is tendinous fascia that arches over the psoas major muscle as it passes through the diaphragm.


adult mammalian kidney

A kidney at the most advanced stage of development in a mammal.


lunge feeding organ

A fibrous capsule located between the jaws of rorqual whales that contains a gelatinous substance and papillae bearing mechanorecaptors.


Eimer's organ

A sensory organ in which the epidermis is modified to form bulbous papillae. The organs are formed from a stack of epidermal cells, which is innervated by nerve processes from myelinated fibers in the dermis, which form terminal swellings just below the outer keratinized layer of epidermis. They contain a Merkel cell-neurite complex in the epidermis and a lamellated corpuscle in the dermal connective tissue.


stapes endochondral element

A stapes bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.


eye skin gland

A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition].


fin taste bud

A taste bud that is located on a fin.


gustatory organ

Any sense organ that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050912).


insect internal sense organ

Sense organ that is internal to the animal - i.e. having no part that is part of the cuticle.


female reproductive gland

A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system.


median arcuate ligament

The median arcuate ligament is a ligament under the diaphragm that connects the right and left crura of diaphragm.


rostral organ

A putative electroreceptor organ located in the medial rostral cavity in the ethmoid portion of the chondrocranium of Coelacanths. It is surrounded by an insulating layer of adipose tissue and innervated by the superficial ophthalmic nerve.


amphid sensory organ

Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes[GO].


ossicle

Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition.


dermal skeletal element

Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue.


opercular lateral line neuromast

Neuromast that is part of the opercular lateral line. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.).


lumbar vertebra endochondral element

A lumbar vertebra bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.


skeletal element

Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles.


mormyromast organ

An innervated group of cells in a round capsule at the end of a jelly-filled tube opening to the skin surface of Gymnarchidae and Mormyridae.


abdomen element

An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland.


primary circulatory organ

A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified].


ampulla of Lorenzini

The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores. Each ampulla consists of a canal opening to the surface by a pore in the skin and ending blindly in a cluster of small pockets full of special jelly. The ampullae are mostly clustered into groups inside the body, each cluster having ampullae connecting with different parts of the skin, but preserving a left-right symmetry. The canal lengths vary from animal to animal, but the distribution of the pores is generally specific to each species. The ampullae pores are plainly visible as dark spots in the skin. They provide fish with a sixth sense capable of detecting electromagnetic fields as well as temperature gradients[WP].


thoracic segment organ

An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions.


epihyoideum

An elastic ligament lying between the lateral pharyngeal muscles and the thyroglossus muscle.


nauplius eye

An eye that consists of a cluster of three or four median eyes that form a single structural unit but are separated from one another by pigment layers.


female reproductive organ

A female organ involved in reproduction.


urophysis

This is a neurosecretory organ rostral to the ampulla caudalis on the ventral surface of the distal end of the spinal cord. Receives axons from caudal neurosecretory nucleus, which contains Dahlgren cells that secrete urotensin I and II, implicated in osmotic regulation, cardiovascular function and reproduction[Butler].


bladder organ

A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas.


otic lateral line neuromast

Neuromast that is part of the otic lateral line. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.).


corpus allatum

One of a pair of separate or fused bodies in many insects that are sometimes closely associated with the corpora cardiaca and that secrete hormones (as juvenile hormone)[BTO].


abdominal segment element

An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region.


inguinal ligament

A band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients. It forms the base of the inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop. The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone. It is formed by the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis and is continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh.


dorsal region element

An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back.


gland of digestive tract

A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition].


basilar papilla

The auditory sensory organ of lizards, amphibians, and birds, which is homologous to the Corti in mammals.


insect embryonic/larval head sense organ

Any sense organ (UBERON:6005155) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730).


malleus endochondral element

A malleus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.


barbel taste bud

A taste bud that is located on a barbel.


arthropod sensillum

Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt].


male accessory sex gland

Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male.


vertebral element

Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.


gland of ocular region

A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands.


median eye

A median eye is an eye that is connected to a paired or unpaired median anterior neuropil of the syncerebrum by one or several median eye nerves.


male reproductive gland

A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system.


retrocerebral complex

Corpora allata with Corpora cardiaca form the retrocerebral complex, a neurosecretory organ.


scapula endochondral element

A scapula bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.


intromittent organ

An external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation. Intromittent organs are found most often in terrestrial species, as most aquatic species fertilize their eggs externally, although there are exceptions[WP].


insect larval sense organ

Any sense organ that is part of some larva.


respiration organ

Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.


occipital lateral line neuromast

A neuromast that is part of the occipital lateral line.


dorsal lateral line neuromast

Neuromast that is part of the dorsal lateral line. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.).


supraorbital lateral line neuromast

A neuromast that is part of the supraorbital lateral line.


arcuate ligament

A ligament that is part of a diaphragm.


seminal fluid secreting gland

A gland that secretes a seminal fluid.


vestibular organ

An organ that is part of a vestibular system.


primary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.


pre-T cell receptor complex

A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.


NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex

A Gcn5-independent multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3. The budding yeast complex includes Sas3p, Taf30p, and Yng1p.


Mst2 histone acetyltransferase complex

A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3, and contains Mst2 as the catalytic subunit. In fission yeast, contains at least Mst2, Nto1, Ptf2, Ptf1 and Eaf6.


histone H3-K14 acetyltransferase complex

A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3.


Hpa2 acetyltransferase complex

A tetrameric protein complex capable of acetyltransferase activity. It can catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to an acceptor residue on histone H-3, histone H-4, or on polyamines. The complex is also capable of acetylating certain small basic proteins. The two Hpa2 dimers that make up the tetramer are held together by interactions between the bound acetyl-CoA molecules.


NuA3a histone acetyltransferase complex

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Yng1p and associates with H3K4me3 using Yng1p.


NSL complex

A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residues at several positions. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, NSL1/KIAA1267, NSL2/KANSL2, NSL3/KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1, WDR5 and HCF1.


ATAC complex

A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and possibly H4. Shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of GCN5/PCAF-ADA2-ADA3-SGF29 (or orthologs) with the related SAGA complex (GO:0000124). Contains HAT subunits GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. In addition to the HAT module contains DR1/NC2B, KAT14, MBIP, WDR5, YEATS2 and ZZZ3 or orthologs. Also regulates the activity of non-histone targets and orchestrates mitotic progression by regulating Cyclin A degradation through acetylation.


diamine N-acetyltransferase complex

A protein complex which is capable of diamine N-acetyltransferase activity.


ADA complex

A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and H2B. In budding yeast shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of ADA2-GCN5-NGG1-SGF29 with the related SAGA complex.


NAGS/NAGK complex

A protein complex that acts both as N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) catalysing the production of N-Acetylglutamate from glutamate and acetyl-CoA, and as N-acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK) catalysing the reaction ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate.


SLIK (SAGA-like) complex

A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains a smaller form of Spt7 (lacking the SPT8 binding region) than the fungal SAGA complex, and consequently lacks Spt8. The complex is involved in the yeast retrograde response pathway, which is important for gene expression changes during mitochondrial dysfunction.


NuA3b histone acetyltransferase complex

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p.


EGFR-Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


17beta-hydroxy steroid

A 17-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 17 has a beta-configuration.


chloroplast intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.


catechols

Any compound containing an o-diphenol component.


glyoxysomal lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome.


glycosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a glycosome.


tertiary amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


(S)-bromazine

The (S)-enantiomer of bromazine.


(S,S)-tramadol

A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have S-configuration; the (S,S)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold lower analgesic potency than the (R,R)-enantiomer.


cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.


fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion

The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.


distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5

A distal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5.


external integument structure

Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument.


volatile organic compound

Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.


docosanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.


SCF-Saf1/Pof9 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Saf1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof9 in S. pombe).


cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end

Any microtubule plus-end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.


cortical microtubule plus-end

The plus-end of a cortical microtubule.


fenfluramine

A  secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.


quaternary ammonium salt

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, (NH4(+))Y(-), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.


monomethoxybenzene

Compounds containing a benzene skeleton substituted with one methoxy group.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-talin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to talin.


steroid saponin

Any saponin derived from a hydroxysteroid.


host cell chloroplast

A chlorophyll-containing plastid as found within host cells with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell chloroplast thylakoid membrane

Any sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast found in host cells, combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell chloroplast part

Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


excitatory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

A neuromuscular junction that functions in the excitation of somatic muscle myotubes, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cells.


inhibitory neuromuscular junction

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential that inhibits muscle contraction.


inhibitory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

A neuromuscular junction that functions in the inhibition of somatic muscle myotube contraction. Examples of somatic muscle myotubes include the somatic muscle cells of arthropods.


neuromuscular junction of myotube

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a myotube.


neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle cell, such as those found in nematodes and arthropods.


neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle myotube

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle myotube, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cell.


excitatory neuromuscular junction

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible for muscle contraction.


bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid

A type of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid whose structures are built up of two benzylisoquinoline units linked by ether bridges. Various structural patterns resulting from additional bridging between the two units by direct carbon-carbon bridging or by methylenedioxy groups are common.


parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

An excitatory synapse formed by the parallel fibers of granule cells synapsing onto the dendrites of Purkinje cells.


cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

A synapse of a climbing fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum. The climbing fiber originates from the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata.


asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse

A neuron to neuron synapse with a postsynaptic density, that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter and whose activity results in excitatory postsynaptic potentials.


P1 peroxisome

A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms.


dorsal nerve of clitoris

The deep terminal division of the pudendal nerve that runs along the dorsum of the clitoral shaft and innervates the the glans clitoris.


Any aminopurine that has amino substituents at positions 2 and 6, and their substituted derivatives.


A 2,6-diaminopurine that is an analogue of abacavir in which the cyclopropylamino group at position 6 of the purine moiety is replaced by a 3-cyclopropyl-3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl group. One of a series of synthesised abacavir analogues with antiviral activity found to stimulate IFN-gamma secretion in abacavir-responsive clones.


polyatomic anion

An anion consisting of more than one atom.


azide

Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.


nitrate

A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3.


oxoanion

An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.


nitrite

The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitrous acid.


host cell periphery

The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures of a host cell.


thiochromane

Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a thiopyran.


dibenzopyran

Any organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring fused with two benzene rings.


benzimidazole fungicide

Compounds that contain a benzimidazole moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


naphthalenes

Any benzenoid aromatic compound having a skeleton composed of two ortho-fused benzene rings.


adamantanes

Compounds containing an adamantane skeleton.


A hydroxylamine that is N-hydroxyquinolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a (1E)-non-1-en-1-yl group. It is the most active agent produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates the growth and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus; the corresponding Z isomer is inactive.


isoquinolines

A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives.


androstanoid

Any steroid based on an  androstane skeleton and its derivatives.


folic acids

A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.


pyrrolidinopiperidine

Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused pyrrolidine and piperidine rings.


Indoles

Any compound containing an indole skeleton.