positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.


negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.


organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.


Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to an Fc-gamma receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


positive regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


regulation of protein deacetylation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


pupil

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The central circular aperture of the iris through which light rays enter the eye.


phospholipase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.


arteriosclerosis disorder

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A vascular disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries.


Application site itching

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


positive regulation of response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


tadalafil

A pyrazinopyridoindole that is 2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydropyrazino[1',2':1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group (the 6R,12aR-diastereomer). A phosphodiesterase V inhibitor inhibitor, currently marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction under the name Cialis; and under the name Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi.


learning or memory

The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.


positive regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


Oliguria

Low output of urine, clinically classified as an output below 300-500ml/day.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.


purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


olfactory bulb development

The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.


positive regulation of telomere maintenance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.


protein K11-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.


Leydig cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.


regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


RNA polymerase II complex binding

Binding to an RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits.


glutamate-gated receptor activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


synaptic vesicle maturation

Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.


coenzyme A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


buclizine

An N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups.


arteritis

An inflammatory process affecting an artery.


3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization

An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.


endoplasmic reticulum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.


endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.


megakaryocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.


response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


lens development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


tinea pedis

Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.


protein K48-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


regulation of wound healing

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


nuclear matrix anchoring at nuclear membrane

The process in which the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane, is directly or indirectly linked to the nuclear membrane.


DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle.


cellular response to decreased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.


Burning Sensation

A sensation of stinging or heat, not necessarily accompanied by redness or physical signs of irritation.


leading edge membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.


negative regulation of stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.


chloride channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


interleukin-17 receptor activity

Combining with any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


bumetanide

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is 4-phenoxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogens ortho to the phenoxy group are substituted by butylamino and sulfamoyl groups. Bumetanide is a diuretic, and is used for treatment of oedema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal disease.


prostate disorder

A disease involving the prostate gland.


respiratory failure

The significant impairment of gas exchange within the lungs resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, to the extent that organ tissue perfusion is severely compromised. Causes include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, emphysema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, and congestive heart failure. Treatment requires intubation and mechanical ventilation until the time the lungs recover sufficient function.


catatonia

A psychiatric disorder featuring stupor, posturing, and echophenomena.


terpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.


Golgi cisterna membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.


negative regulation of interleukin-18 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.


second-degree atrioventricular block

Intermittent failure of atrial electrical impulse conduction to the ventricles.


regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


acylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.


cell cycle G1/S phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.


spinothalamic tract of medulla

Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the medulla.


cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


synaptic vesicle exocytosis

Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.


wound healing, spreading of cells

The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.


rRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.


protein tyrosine kinase collagen receptor activity

Combining with collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


GDP binding

Binding to GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.


regulation of cell maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.


N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.


negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.


carboxy-lyase activity

Catalysis of the nonhydrolytic addition or removal of a carboxyl group to or from a compound.


membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.


regulation of translational fidelity

Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages.


nizatidine

A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.


vancomycin

A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.


positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


negative regulation of muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.


endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.


negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


response to alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.


outflow tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


adult acute respiratory distress syndrome

A very severe form of acute pulmonary failure secondary to capillary permeability impairment. The symptoms include dyspnea, hypotension and multivisceral failure. The disease is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia due to increased alveolar-capillary permeability. The severity depends on the degree of alveolar epithelial injury, with a mortality rate of 30-50%.


positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.


isoleucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.


mitochondrial fusion

Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


regulation of organic acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of natural killer cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.


regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


endothelial cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


polyp of large intestine

A polyp that involves the large intestine.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

Binding to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.


Areflexia

Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.


oogenesis

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


axis elongation involved in somitogenesis

The developmental growth that results in the elongation of the rostral-caudal axis that contributes to somitogenesis.


sulfacetamide

A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.


cellular response to interferon-alpha

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.


regulation of nuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.


positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


neutrophil-mediated killing of fungus

The directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G protein-coupled receptor = ADP + G protein-coupled receptor phosphate.


regulation of hair follicle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.


eye accommodation disease

Disease that disrupts the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.


RNA destabilization

Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.


regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


osteonecrosis

A none disease characterized by death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply.


negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.


positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.


mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization

The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of the apoptotic signaling pathway.


endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


negative regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


urate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


salicylic acid

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves.


glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


sialyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of sialic acid to an acceptor molecule, typically the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.


collagen binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion

Any collagen binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.


regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation.


endocrine pancreas development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.


plasma lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a plasma lipoprotein particle.


stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.


positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the non-canonical NF-kappaB cascade.


exocyst

A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.


RNA nuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.


midbody

A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.


regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lymphocyte chemotaxis

The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.


Epigastric pain

Pain that is localized to the region of the upper abdomen immediately below the ribs.


promazine

A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.


phosphatidylserine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes.


alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid.


regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.


hypochromic anemia

Anemia caused by the reduction of hemoglobin in relation to the red cell volume. As a result, the red cells have an area of central pallor which is increased in size. The leading cause is iron deficiency.


cytoplasmic cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the cytoplasm.


peptide hormone secretion

The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell.


transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.


acetylsalicylic acid

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.


positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, proton-transporting domain

A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and carries out proton transport across a membrane. The proton-transporting domain (F0, V0, or A0) includes integral and peripheral membrane proteins.


centrosome cycle

The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.


histone demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone.


basal part of cell

The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.


tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex

A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.


regulation of antimicrobial peptide production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.


phospholipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


sciatica

A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of sciatic neuropathy; radiculopathy (involving the spinal nerve roots; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with intervertebral disk displacement); or lesions of the cauda equina.


T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


artery development

The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed.


actin filament binding

Binding to an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.


embryonic placenta morphogenesis

The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.


riboflavin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


response to interleukin-6

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


renal water homeostasis

Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body.


Hypoventilation

A reduction in the amount of air transported into the pulmonary alveoli by breathing, leading to hypercapnia (increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide).


nuclear replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


nuclear RNA surveillance

A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus.


transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.


response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


behavioral response to ethanol

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex.


visual behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.


proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


positive regulation of chemokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.


icosanoid secretion

The controlled release of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids from a cell or a tissue.


sister chromatid segregation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


metanephric collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


emtricitabine

An organofluorine compound  that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


regulation of actin filament polymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.


Oligomenorrhea

Infrequent menses (less than 6 per year or more than 35 days between cycles).


negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


tolbutamide

An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.


hepatic porphyria

A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of liver enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of heme. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of porphyrins or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (porphyria, acute intermittent), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (porphyria cutanea tarda), or both (hereditary coproporphyria). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues.


glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


allergic contact dermatitis

An inflammatory skin condition caused by an immune response to direct contact between the skin and an allergen. It consists of a delayed type of allergic reaction at the affected site with resulting red, swollen, and blistered skin that may itch or leak.


translation factor activity, RNA binding

Functions during translation by binding to RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


cytoplasmic side of membrane

The side of a membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


Cushing disease due to pituitary adenoma

Cushing's syndrome due to abnormally high secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland.


protein targeting to mitochondrion

The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein.


regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


asymmetric cell division

The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.


O-desmethylvenlafaxine

A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.


response to fungus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.


tRNA (cytidine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylcytosine.


calcium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


extraembryonic membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Vaginal pruritus

A sensation of itching in the vagina.


positive regulation of gluconeogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.


snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule.


cellular response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


dihydroergotamine

Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.


chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic

The part of synaptic transmission occurring in the post-synapse: a signal transduction pathway consisting of neurotransmitter receptor activation and its effects on postsynaptic membrane potential and the ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol.


regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


Decreased body mass index

Abnormally decreased weight-to-height squared ratio, calculated by dividing the individual's weight in kilograms by the square of the individual's height in meters and used as an indicator of underweight compared to averages.


histone methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl-histone. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


vein disorder

A disease involving the vein.


Altered state of consciousness

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.


aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-substituted aminoacyl-tRNA + H2O = N-substituted amino acid + tRNA.


cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


folic acid-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.


ochronosis disorder

A disorder characterized by bluish-black discoloration of the cartilaginous tissues due to accumulation of homogentisic acid. It is associated with alkaptonuria. Signs and symptoms include dark urine, skin pigmentation, and arthritis.


ubiquitin-like protein binding

Binding to a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein.


tumor necrosis factor receptor activity

Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function.


dendritic spine organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dendritic spine. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


deoxyribose phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


collagen V binding

Binding to a type V collagen trimer.


peritoneum cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the peritoneum


regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.


mismatch repair

A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.


dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a dopamine receptor.


hydralazine

The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.


ribonuclease III activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA with 5'-phosphomonoesters and 3'-OH termini; makes two staggered cuts in both strands of dsRNA, leaving a 3' overhang of 2 nt.


cellular response to purine-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


cutaneous vasculitis

Inflammation of the blood vessel wall characterized by palpable purpura.


glutamine family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


integrin binding

Binding to an integrin.


detection of bacterium

The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal.


Tearing

Shedding of tears.


vision disorder

Any impairment to the vision.


glycine transport

The directed movement of glycine, aminoethanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.


chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a chemokine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cellular response to radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.


MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

A toll-like receptor signaling pathway not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate an immune response.


coumarin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


cellular response to cAMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


positive regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


positive regulation of dendritic spine development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gastrulation

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.


coated membrane

A single or double lipid bilayer with any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes.


adenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3.


Anejaculation

Inability to ejaculate.


induction of bacterial agglutination

Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.


positive regulation of TORC1 signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.


clathrin-dependent endocytosis

An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.


Hernia

The protrusion of part of an organ or fibroadipose tissue through an abnormal opening.


nuclear receptor activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear receptor ligands are usually lipid-based (such as a steroid hormone) and the binding of the ligand to its receptor often occurs in the cytosol, which leads to its translocation to the nucleus.


cefditoren

A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.


regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane.


cellular response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + choline phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-choline.


folic acid receptor activity

Combining selectively with extracellular folic acid and delivering it into the cell via endocytosis.


tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.


androgen receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cortical cytoskeleton

The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.


adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


Papule

A circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, varying in size from a pinhead to less than 10mm in diameter at the widest point.


epidermal growth factor receptor binding

Binding to an epidermal growth factor receptor.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


cellular response to oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.


polyol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


Muscle fibrillation

Fine, rapid twitching of individual muscle fibers with little or no movement of the muscle as a whole. If a motor neuron or its axon is destroyed, the muscle fibers it innervates undergo denervation atrophy. This leads to hypersensitivity of individual muscle fibers to acetyl choline so that they may contract spontaneously. Isolated activity of individual muscle fibers is generally so fine it cannot be seen through the intact skin, although it can be recorded as a short-duration spike in the EMG.


double-strand break repair via classical nonhomologous end joining

An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that requires a number of factors important for V(D)J recombination, including the KU70/80 heterodimer (KU), XRCC4, ligase IV, and DNA-PKcs in mammals. It does not produce translocations (as opposed to the alternative nonhomologous end joining).


P-type potassium:proton transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).


circadian regulation of gene expression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


regulation of mRNA metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.


taurine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of adherens junction organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.


negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.


Respiratory alkalosis

Alkalosis due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body.


tonsillitis

Inflammation of the tonsillar tissue.


thiamine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.


Recurrent fractures

The repeated occurrence of bone fractures (implying an abnormally increased tendency for fracture).


Trismus

Limitation in the ability to open the mouth.


regulation of microtubule nucleation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell.


chemokine activity

The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


aminoacyl-tRNA editing activity

The hydrolysis of an incorrectly aminoacylated tRNA.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


steroid hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a hydroxyl group on a steroid by incorporation of oxygen from O2.


cellular detoxification of nitrogen compound

Any cellular process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.


cerebral cortex cell migration

The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.


hydrarthrosis

Accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)


transport of virus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, into, out of, or within a host cell.


neural precursor cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neural precursor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A neural precursor cell is either a nervous system stem cell or a nervous system progenitor cell.


neural crest cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


AMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


fructose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


phosphatase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


regulation of amine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


bromazine

A  tertiary amino compound that is the 4-bromobenzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. An antihistamine with antimicrobial properties, it is used in the control of cutaneous allergies.


Sinus tachycardia

Heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minute.


B cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


Lymphadenopathy

Enlargment (swelling) of a lymph node.


A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.


Ocular hypertension

Intraocular pressure that is 2 standard deviations above the population mean.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


regulation of steroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


vesicle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.


positive regulation of saliva secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva.


regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.


regulation of behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


Bismuth subsalicylate

A bismuth salt of salicylic acid.


gamma-catenin binding

Binding to catenin complex gamma subunit.


CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


actin polymerization or depolymerization

Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.


response to mineralocorticoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


positive regulation of nuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.


congenital generalized lipodystrophy

An extremely rare autosomal recessive condition, characterized by an extreme scarcity of fat in the subcutaneous tissues.


organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


gastroparesis

Paralysis of the muscles of the stomach wall resulting in delayed emptying of the gastric contents into the small intestine.


cerebellar cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


Tongue edema

An abnormal accumulation of fluid and swelling in the tongue.


miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation

An RNA interference pathway in which microRNAs (miRNAs) block the translation of target mRNAs into proteins. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically mediate repression of translation if the miRNA imperfectly base-pairs with the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs.


reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a single or double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.


DNA repair complex

A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.


methysergide

A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.


positive regulation of immunoglobulin production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


mast cell degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


maintenance of cell number

Any process by which the numbers of cells of a particular type or in a tissue are maintained.


photoreceptor cell development

Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.


DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes.


negative regulation of neuron projection development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum

The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.


phosphatase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.


regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that modulates the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


nuclear estrogen receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear estrogen receptor.


Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Increased

Increase in the level of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase in the blood, which catalyzes the transfer of a gamma glutamyl group from a gamma glutamyl peptide to another peptide, aminoacids, or water.


peptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.


negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.


regulation of reproductive process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.


apraclonidine

An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.


cellular metabolic compound salvage

Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.


nuclear thyroid hormone receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor.


negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.


cobalamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


cilium assembly

The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


Deviated nasal septum

Positioning of the nasal septum to the right or left in contrast to the normal midline position of the nasal septum.


negative regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process.


bepridil

A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.


regulation of angiotensin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving angiotensin.


sulfadimethoxine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.


specification of symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created.


anidulafungin

A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.


symporter activity

Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


detection of calcium ion

The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Carboplatin

A platinum coordination entity with cis square-planar geometry in which  platinum(II) is coordinated to two ammonia ligands and a bidentate cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate ligand.


constrictive pericarditis

A heart disorder in which the pericardial sac becomes thickened and fibrotic, tightening the myocardium and impeding the normal myocardial function.


omega peptidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of non-standard peptide bonds releasing substituted amino acids such as pyroglutamate or cleave isopeptide bonds, such as many deubiquitinating enzymes.


age-related macular degeneration

Age-related loss of vision in the central portion of the retina (macula), secondary to retinal degeneration.


Hemorrhage of the eye

Bleeding from vessels of the various tissues of the eye.


apicolateral plasma membrane

The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.


sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.


sunburn

An inflammatory reaction from ultraviolet radiation characterized by transient redness, tenderness and occasional blistering.


corneal epithelium

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea.


depersonalization disorder

A disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent episodes of feeling detached from one's self (either one's body or one's mental processes), although the sufferer remains aware that this is only a feeling and does not represent reality.


post-embryonic eye morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The eye is the organ of sight.


sarcolemma

The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.


negative regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi

The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi.


ATP-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


fatty acid elongation, polyunsaturated fatty acid

Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which two or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.


regulation of stress fiber assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


proteinuria

The presence of abnormal amounts of protein in the urine.


sarcomere organization

The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.


negative regulation of thymocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


myotube differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.


positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


thoracic aortic aneurysm

An aneurysm formed in the wall of the proximal portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.


macromolecule methylation

The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.


regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin-mediated signaling.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.


Fetal Death

A fetus of at least 20 weeks gestation, or of a birth weight of at least 350 grams if the gestational age is unknown, that is born without signs of life at the time of delivery, and with an Apgar score of zero at both one and five minutes.


chlordiazepoxide

A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.


clozapine

A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like  schizophrenia.


purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


Urinary hesitancy

Difficulty in beginning the process of urination.


positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


mRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.


gastrulation with mouth forming second

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.


hydroflumethiazide

A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.


positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


peroxisomal transport

Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


serotonin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


itraconazole

An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.


regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


sensory perception of sound

The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.


positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


negative chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.


polyol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


embryonic axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo.


histone binding

Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.


chlorzoxazone

A member of the class of  1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.


regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.


autophagic cell death

A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.


intercalated disc

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.


protein palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein.


positive regulation of translational initiation in response to stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


erythrocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.


myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.


Golgi to plasma membrane transport

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.


MARAVIROC

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the primary amino group of (1S)-3-[(3-exo)-3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropylamine. An antiretroviral drug, it prevents the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells.


regulation of phospholipid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.


hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy is a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis. It is defined as a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver dysfunction, when other known brain disease has been excluded.Signs and symptomsmay be debilitating, and they can begin mildly and gradually, or occur suddenly and severely. They may includepersonality or moodchanges, intellectual impairment, abnormal movements,a depressed level of consciousness, and other symptoms.There are several theories regarding the exact cause, butdevelopment of the condition isprobablyat least partiallydue to the effect of substances that are toxic to nerve tissue (neurotoxic), which are typically present with liver damage and/or liver disease. Treatment depends upon the severity of mental status changes and upon the certainty of the diagnosis.


Ino80 complex

A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity.


large ribosomal subunit

The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


DBIRD complex

A protein complex that associates with mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II and is proposed to integrate transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing. In humans it is composed of the proteins KIAA1967/DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD.


regulation of phospholipase C activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.


negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.


preassembly of GPI anchor in ER membrane

The stepwise addition of the components of the GPI anchor on to phosphatidylinositol lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


nuclear stress granule

A dense aggregation in the nucleus composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.


calcium-dependent cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


IgG binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.


condensed nuclear chromosome

A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.


tRNA dihydrouridine synthesis

The process whereby a uridine in a transfer RNA is converted to dihydrouridine.


leg

The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod.


negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


Acute abdomen

A sudden onset of abdominal pain with associated nausea or vomiting. The acute abdomen may be caused by an infection, inflammation, vascular occlusion, or obstruction.


regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


carnitine transport

The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


heart process

A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


paraspeckles

Discrete subnuclear bodies in the interchromatin nucleoplasmic space, often located adjacent to nuclear specks. 10-20 paraspeckles are typically found in human cell nuclei.


DNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA helix, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


mannosyltransferase complex

A complex that posseses mannosyltransferase activity.


regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.


Decreased cardiac output

A decreased volume of blood pumped by the left and right ventricle, per unit time. Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR), i.e. the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), and the stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat.


transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.


embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development.


mononuclear cell proliferation

The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.


ventricular septum development

The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to a lysophospholipid.


regulation of receptor recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling.


tight junction

A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


pentobarbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.


DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template, i.e. the catalysis of DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


sapropterin

A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).


regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


positive regulation of tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


channel regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


macromolecule transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a macromolecule from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.


TIOTROPIUM

A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


acepromazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.


regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.


regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.


Bulla

A large (greater than 5-10 mm) intraepidermal/subepidermal cavity filled with clear, serosanguineous or cloudy fluid.


negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Shock

The state in which profound and widespread reduction of effective tissue perfusion leads first to reversible, and then if prolonged, to irreversible cellular injury.


Schwann cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.


actin filament bundle organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle.


gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically presenting in adults over the age of 40 (mean age 63), and only rarely in children, in various regions of the GI tract, most commonly the stomach or small intestine but also less commonly in the esophagus, appendix, rectum and colon. GISTs can be asymptomatic or present with various non-specific signs, depending on the location and size of tumor, such as loss of appetite, anemia, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal discomfort or fullness, nausea, vomiting, as well as an abdominal mass, blood in stool, and intestinal obstruction. GISTs can also be seen in familial syndromes such as Carney triad and neurofibromatosis type 1.


metanephric epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


alanine transport

The directed movement of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to defenses of other organism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of another organism.


negative regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity.


peptidyl-lysine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.


replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


metanephric part of ureteric bud development

The development of the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros.


negative regulation of phagocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.


Atelectasis

Collapse of part of a lung associated with absence of inflation (air) of that part.


mood disorder

A cognitive disorder a disturbance in which the person's mood is hypothesized to be the main underlying feature.


quinidine

A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.


optic atrophy

A disorder characterized by loss of optic nerve fibers. It may be inherited or acquired. Acquired causes include ischemia, optic nerve neuropathy, glaucoma, trauma, radiation, brain tumors, and multiple sclerosis. It leads to vision disturbances.


collagen trimer

A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.


smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body.


clemastine

2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.