galactose-specific flocculation

The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to galactose residues on the other.


renal amino acid absorption

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A renal system process in which amino acids are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


CDP-abequose epimerase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose.


abducens nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


histamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in distinct antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in an organism's soma.


connective tissue replacement

The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


wobble position ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose base of the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'O position.


[glutamine synthetase]-adenylyl-L-tyrosine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [glutamine synthetase]-O(4)-(5'-adenylyl)-L-tyrosine + phosphate = [glutamine synthetase]-L-tyrosine + ADP.


spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.


central B cell selection

Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material

The directed movement of the viral genome or viral particle within the host cell cytoplasm along host microtubules. Microtubule-dependent transport involves motor proteins like dynein and kinesin and is mostly used by viruses that target their genomes to the nucleus.


L-threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.


The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.


cellular response to L-thialysine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.


5-pyridoxate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-pyridoxate + NADPH + O2 = 2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate) + NADP+.


stress-induced mitochondrial fusion

Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment, as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis.


leghemoglobin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferrileghemoglobin = NADP+ + 2 ferroleghemoglobin.


N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation

The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


mesenchymal stem cell migration

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(tele)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


gibberellin A20 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = gibberellin A20 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


CTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + H+ + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.


positive regulation of dense core granule transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.


trans-zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


hypusine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


lipoate-protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the lipoylation of a protein in two steps: ATP + (R)-lipoate + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP + diphosphate (overall reaction): (1) ATP + (R)-lipoate = lipoyl-AMP + diphosphate; (2) lipoyl-AMP + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP.


gamma-curcumene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = gamma-curcumene + diphosphoric acid.


response to pullulan

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.


fibrous ring of heart morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a fibrous ring of heart is generated and organized.


alpha-chamigrene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of spore germination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.


cephalosporin-C transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(5-carboxylato-5-oxopentanamido)deacetylcephalosporanate + D-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + cephalosporin C.


methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methyl-branched fatty acid.


P-type transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transporter that auto-phosphorylates (hence P) at a key conserved aspartate residue, generating a conformational change that allows transport of the substrate. Hydrolysis of the phosphorylated Asp residue, catalyzed by the actuator (A) domain, results in another state with occluded substrates. Upon dissociation of Mg2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi), the enzyme reverts to the initial state, in which the counter-transported substrate is released into the cytosol.


molybdenum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of molybdenum (Mo) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of JAK1 activity

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism by reducing the activity of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1).


capsorubin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsorubin.


peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartyl aldehyde

The reduction of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-aspartyl aldehyde, as found photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein.


positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


septate junction assembly

The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space.


microfibril assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of microfibril.


NAD-dependent protein biotinidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-biotinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-biotinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


negative regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


regulation of chemokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.


protein-phosphocysteine-L-ascorbate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + L-ascorbate(out) = protein cysteine + L-ascorbate-6-phosphate(in).


neuron differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the neurons of the salivary gland.


D-allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


sulfate ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


syn-stemod-13(17)-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemod-13(17)-ene + diphosphate.


cell rearrangement involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The movement of an epithelial cell with respect to other epithelial cells that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.


sorbitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


salivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


steroid 21-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A C(21) steroid + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = a 21-hydroxy-C(21)-steroid + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O.


interphase

The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.


diaminobutyrate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + H+ = 1,3-diaminopropane + CO2.


ABC-type teichoic acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + teichoic acid(in) = ADP + phosphate + teichoic acid(out).


regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


negative regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


symbiont genome ejection through host cell envelope, contractile tail mechanism

Entry of a symbiont's genome into the host cell through the host cell envelope via a contractile tail ejection system consisting of a baseplate, a central tube and an external contractile sheath. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers sheath contraction, driving the rigid internal tail tube through the cell envelope. Occurs in non-enveloped prokaryotic viruses.


energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


clearance of cells from fusion plate by apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by removing cells in the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis,cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate + OH- = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + acetate.


dihydrozeatin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin = H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)dihydrozeatin + UDP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).


plant-type cell wall loosening

The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


fractalkine production

The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


nor-spermidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


negative regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


pyridine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via inhibition of actin polymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that disrupts the host actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting host actin from polymerizing. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-sorbose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 5-methylthiopentylhydroximate = H+ + 4-methylthiobutyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


phosphoglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphoglycerates from one side of a membrane to the other. Phosphoglycerates are important intermediates in glycolysis and 3-phosphoglycerate is a precursor in serine biosynthesis.


ornithine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxocarboxylate + L-ornithine = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde.


ethylbenzene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + ethylbenzene + H2O = (S)-1-phenylethanol + AH(2).


regulation of synoviocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a bacterium, the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


uterine epithelium development

The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


cytochrome P450 dependent 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H = 12,13beta-epoxy-16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it.


acetoin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + NADH + H+.


pollen aperture formation

The cellular component assembly process of forming pollen apertures, areas where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen cell wall.


lys-lys specific dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two consecutive lysine amino acid residues within a protein.


phosphocholine transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate.


dopaminechrome tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopaminechrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole.


imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the epicardium acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.


negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


egg-laying behavior

A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light.


polar nucleus fusion

The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylsalicylate + H+ = 3-cresol + CO2.


angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline

The directed movement of angioblasts from the lateral mesoderm to the midline which occurs as part of the formation of the early midline vasculature.


ubiquitin-like protein-specific endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within a small protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO).


tyramine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tyramine = N-methyltyramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


psychosine sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + galactosylsphingosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + psychosine sulfate.


envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + isocitrate = 2-caffeoylisocitrate + CoA.


UV-A, blue light phototransduction

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The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.


regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


donor selection

The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.


macromolecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


secondary metabolite catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


ecdysteroid 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 2.


bicyclogermacrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bicyclogermacrene.


regulation of gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


cellular response to capsazepine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate + H2O = hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate + phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + (S)-N-methylcanadine = H2O + NADP+ + allocryptopine.


regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


polyterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


triose-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate.


small molecule sensor activity

Binding to a small molecule and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule.


A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone.


N,N-dimethylformamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylformamide + H2O = dimethylamine + formate.


11beta-hydroxyprogesterone binding

Binding to 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone.


carnitine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + H+ = 2-methylcholine + CO2.


xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a xanthone-containing compound.


intracellular abscisic acid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of abscisic acid within a cell.


neural plate mediolateral regionalization

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random mediolateral spatial arrangement of the neural plate.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO2.


anterior neuropore closure

The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.


intracellularly ATP-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


trypanothione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = trypanothione + ADP + phosphate.


cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


clavaminate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O; proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O; and dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = clavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.


regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + H2O = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + chloride + H+ + NH4.


afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


heme receptor activity

Binding specifically to heme to deliver it to a transport vesicle.


The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


peptide deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-L-methionyl peptide + H2O = formate + methionyl peptide.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of presynaptic cytosolic free calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator.


regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


cellular response to bleomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.


UCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCU codon.


sarcosine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2.


Golgi membrane fusion

The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane.


limonene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


TTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTDP + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP.


3-phenylpropionate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid.


peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine

The modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.


toluate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylbenzoate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 1,2-dihydroxymethylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate.


tRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation

Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.


cytoplasmic icosahedral capsid assembly

The assembly of an icosahedral viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Often occurs by assembling around the viral genome.


regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.


peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


antifungal peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from the conserved C-terminal lysine residue of a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the presynaptic membrane potential.


protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex of the cell tip.


L-kynurenine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-kynurenine from one side of a membrane to the other.


pentose catabolic process to propan-2-ol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to propan-2-ol.


cellular response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


alkylmercury lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alkylmercury + H+ = an alkane + Hg2+.


pigment granule dispersal

The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.


ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ligand-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerophosphate(n) + CDP-glycerol = glycerophosphate(n+1) + CMP.


alpha-farnesene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.


imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.


cell wall modification involved in abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.


DN4 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN4 thymocyte. A DN4 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44-,CD25-.


positive regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal trnasition.


positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


morphogenesis of follicular epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized.


positive regulation of telium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


aldose 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.


serine O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the serine molecule.


regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


double-stranded DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a double-stranded DNA molecule by creating internal breaks.


stomatal complex formation

The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


pancreatic bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud.


UUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUC codon.


tetracycline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-iditol + NAD+ = D-sorbose + NADH.


negative regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by light sensitive cells in the integument.


L-iduronidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-L-iduronosidic linkages in dermatan sulfate.


dormancy entry of symbiont in host

Entry into a dormant state of the symbiont within the host organism.


ABC-type thiosulfate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiosulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiosulfate(in).


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate = 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + H+ + 2 e- + CO2.


UDP-D-glucose:cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside = shisonin + UDP + H+.


protein localization to postsynaptic membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a postsynaptic membrane.


acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


spermidine:feruloyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a feruloyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


siderophore metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


purine alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


peptidyl-lysine carboxylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.


phosphoarginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates.


cellular response to tellurium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which a cell of the mammary placode becomes a cell of the mammary gland bud.


positive regulation of flocculation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation.


galactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactosamine is an aminodeoxysugar; D-galactosamine is a constituent of some glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, commonly as its N-acetyl derivative.


negative regulation of leaf development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + ferulate + H+.


lateral root branching

Any process involved in the formation of branches in lateral roots.


renal water retention

The process in which renal water excretion is decreased.


pronephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron.


nopaline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.


thioglucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thioglucoside + H2O = a thiol + a sugar.


chlorate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + chlorate = A + chlorite + H2O + H+.


coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coumarin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = hydroxycoumarin + H2O + NADP+.


G protein-coupled folate receptor activity

Combining with folate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


cellular response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized.


response to diphenidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + peptidyl-L-lysine = phosphate + peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


endocardial cushion cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of endocardial cushion cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


homeostatic process

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.


cellular response to trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.


negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


sinus venosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


pole cell formation

Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.


maintenance of protein localization at growing cell tip

Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the growing cell tip.


linear malto-oligosaccharide phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogenphosphate + a linear malto-oligosaccharide = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + a linear malto-oligosaccharide.


homoserine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + NADP+ = L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde + NADPH + H+.


URM1 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S = X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


pentaerythritol trinitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = NADP+ + nitrate + pentaerythritol dinitrate.


ribonuclease U2 activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Ap or Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


cell wall disassembly involved in floral organ abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.


Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-L-lysine = L-lysine + 5-oxo-L-proline.


cyclodextrin binding

Binding to cyclodextrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyethylbenzene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate.


maintenance of granzyme B location in T cell secretory granule

A process in which the protease granyme B is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + 2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine = UDP + 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine.


Catalysis of the reaction 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate = pyruvate + (S)-lactaldehyde.


sympathetic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a sympathetic neuron axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


tensidol A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol A.


allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.


extensin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.


rebaudioside B glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: rebaudioside B + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rebaudioside A + UDP + H+.


cellular response to cytochalasin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.


adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


mechanoreceptor differentiation involved in mechanosensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


protein-serine epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (protein)-L-serine = (protein)-D-serine.


intracellular histidine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of histidine within a cell.


Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to the mannose(beta-1,4)Glc disaccharide core of glycolipids.


maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione = 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-glutaryl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = 2''-O-glutaryl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


nucleotide binding

Binding to a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.


vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n).


uracil binding

Binding to uracil.


cytosine binding

Binding to cytosine.


all-trans retinal 3,4-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


glutathione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


The methylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-tyrosine.


positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


dUTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.


negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


DNA recombinase disassembly

The disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent strand exchange proteins (recombinases).


mesonephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


chloroplast disassembly

The disaggregation of a chloroplast into its constituent components.


negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = malate + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucarolactone + sinapoyl-CoA = O-sinapoylglucarolactone + CoA.


N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine

The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,3'-disulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + CDP-ethanolamine = L-serine-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H+.


thromboxane A2 receptor activity

Combining with thromboxane A2 (TXA(2)) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = 2-(E)-O-feruloyl-D-galactarate + CoA.


perianth development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the perianth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The perianth is a collective phyllome structure composed of two or more petals, sepals, or tepals.


prechordal plate formation

The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells.


eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 6C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP + H+.


delta24-sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 5-alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3-beta-ol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + O2 + H2O = HCl + 2 H+ + 2-chloromaleylacetate.


reductive pentose-phosphate cycle

The fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as glucose in the chloroplasts of C3 plants; uses ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions of photosynthesis; carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (catalyzed by the function of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate; these are then phosphorylated by ATP to 1,3-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde which, in turn, is then reduced by NADPH to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to fructose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate by aldolase and other enzymes; the ribulose 5-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


plant ovule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid.


negative regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


undecan-2-one metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving undecan-2-one.


positive regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation that is involved in phenotypic switching.


chlorophyllide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllides, any chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + UDP-D-glucose = 5'-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine + H+ + UDP.


protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate.


aspartate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = oxaloacetate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fluconazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.


nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other.


germacrene A acid 8beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 8beta-hydroxy-germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADP + H2O.


positive regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


positive regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-threo-aldose + NAD+ = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + NADH.


positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.


regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


succinyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of succinyl-CoA.


cerebellar granule cell precursor tangential migration

The early migration of granule cell precursors in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately cover the superficial zone of the cerebellar primordium.


femoral head articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of femoral head articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-glucose + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->6) linkage.


tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(n+1) + phosphate = tRNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.


phosphatidylserine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


crotonyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Acetyl-CoA + [protein]-L-lysine = CoA + [protein]-N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylpropionitrile + O2 + NADPH = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile + NADP + H2O.


regulation of plasma membrane sterol distribution

Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of sterols in the plasma membrane.


DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication

Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA.


3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + HBr.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formiminopyruvate + formate.


pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


central nervous system interneuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells from a neuron located in the central nervous system whose axons remain within a single brain region.


monoatomic anion:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic anion(out) + Na+(out) = monoatomic anion(in) + Na+(in).


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development

A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will mature into a cardiac fibroblast.


all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


intracellular phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate-sensitive monatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of cations by a channel that opens when phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


8-oxo-GDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-GDP + H2O = 8-oxo-GMP + phosphate.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of cardiac conduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chlorobenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + chloride + NAD+ + CO2.


floral whorl formation

The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


proteinogenic amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that is incorporated into protein naturally by ribosomal translation of mRNA, and that has a specific codon for translation from mRNA to protein.


The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


protein localization to cortical endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cortical endoplasmic reticulum.


glycine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NH3 + NADH.


positive regulation of metula development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


ITPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IDP + H+ + phosphate.


renal phosphate ion absorption

A renal system process in which phosphate ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-alanyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Ala).


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.


galactomannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


mesenchymal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.


cysteine-type aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


histone deubiquitinase activity

A deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone protein to which it is conjugated.


emericellin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellin.


The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes. The process often starts with binding of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on the surface of erythrocytes to a complement coated immune complex. The complex bound to erythrocyte CR1 is then transported to the liver or spleen where it is presented to phagocytes. The process ends when the complex is removed from CR1, allowing the erythrocyte to return to general circulation.


3-chlorobenzoate-3,4-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-3,4-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


high-affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


anther wall tapetum cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate

The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via canonical glycolysis, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + queuosine34 in tRNA(Asp) = GDP + H+ + O-4''-alpha-D-mannosylqueuosine34 in tRNA(Asp).


homophytochelatin synthase activity (polymer-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine = glycine + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine.


ABC-type bile acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate.


cellular response to nitrogen dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.


leaf formation

The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH4 + oxaloacetate.


chlorite O2-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chloride + O2 = chlorite.


formylaspartate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-aspartate + H2O = formate + L-aspartate.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-tyrosyl-[protein].


maintenance of viral latency

The perpetuation of a latent state, generally by repressing the viruses own lytic genes expression and ensuring expression of viral genes which function to keep the viral genome from being detected by the host defense mechanisms.


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular modified histidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


oogonium stage

The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.


Catalysis of the reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + light.


negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


benzonitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin.


beta-zeacarotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-zeacarotene.


P-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(out).


phenylethylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


positive regulation of sterol import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.


anterior midgut invagination

Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo.


response to Gram-positive bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-positive bacterium.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


pronephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric nephron are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


tRNA adenosine deamination to inosine

The removal of an amine group from an adenosine to produce inosine within a tRNA molecule.


glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


tyramine N-feruloyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine.


succinyl-CoA pathway

The chemical reactions that utilize succinyl-CoA in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX.


negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with thyrotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ground meristem histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.


lagging strand initiation

The process in which the synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction is started.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-aspartate = L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate.


sphingosine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of sphingolipid long chain bases.


regulation of aorta morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + D-glutamate.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


amidinoaspartase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-amidino-L-aspartate + H2O = L-aspartate + urea.


gamma-delta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division.


pheromone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


glyoxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD(P)+ = glyoxylate + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone

Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


thiosulfate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 ferricytochrome c = tetrathionate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.


glutathione-dependent sulfide quinone oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + glutathione + H(+) + hydrogen sulfide = a quinol + S-sulfanylglutathione.


negative regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


complement component C1q receptor activity

Combining with the C1q complex, a component of the classical complement cascade, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


coronary sinus valve development

The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nematode pharyngeal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of signaling

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


central nervous system structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, internal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of internal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has an internal C=S bond, instead of an internal C=O bond, in the peptide.


establishment of left sidedness

The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism that established the pattern characteristic to its left side.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


histone H4S1 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H4-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H4.


9,10-epoxystearate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 9,10-epoxystearate + O2 + NADPH = 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + H2O + NADP.


behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucuronide(out) + monovalent cation(out) = glucuronide(in) + monovalent cation(in).


farnesol 2-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesol.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = (2E)-butenoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.


embryonic root morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized.


trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) crossing the synaptic cleft.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-sulfopropanediol(1-) + NAD = 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-propane-1-sulfonate + NADH + H+.


maintenance of RNA location

Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


telomeric DNA-containing double minutes formation

A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of small fragments of circular extrachromosomal DNA elements which contain telomeric DNA. It is speculated that telomeric DNA-containing double minutes are formed through a recombination event between the telomere and chromosome-internal TTAGGG-like sequences. Telomeric DNA-containing double minutes appear as two closely positioned dots in metaphase.


novofumigatonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety.


positive regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


galactose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose (out) = galactose(in).


acetyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.


signaling receptor ligand precursor processing

The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a signaling receptor ligand, resulting in the mature (active) form of the ligand.


isochorismate pyruvate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isochorismate = salicylate + pyruvate.


ovarian fusome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the epithelial cells to the mesenchymal cells of the salivary gland.


regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm.


chemorepulsion of serotonergic neuron axon

The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events.


lactoferrin receptor activity

Combining with lactoferrin and delivering lactoferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which binds ferric iron most efficiently at low pH.


positive regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.


azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid + acetyl-CoA = CoA-SH + N-acetyl azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of trichome morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome morphogenesis.


negative regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a compound eye cone cell.


ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-isokaurene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-2alpha-hydroxyisokaurene + H2O + NADP+.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in trans-synaptic signaling

Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.


negative regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


homogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


response to temozolomide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temozolomide stimulus.


C-C chemokine receptor CCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy

A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances the activation of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


protein localization to spindle microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a spindle microtubule.


GGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGA codon.


glutarate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + glutarate = ADP + glutaryl-CoA + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(5)-[1(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-ornithine + H2O + NADP+ = L-ornithine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.


cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain, proceeding through regions of multiple repeated proline codons, during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


nicotinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ + nicotinate = 6-hydroxynicotinate + H+ + NADPH.


microvillar actin bundle assembly

Assembly of the parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.


negative regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


blood coagulation, common pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of events leading from the formation of activated factor X to the formation of active thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, and the formation of cleaved fibrin into a stable multimeric, cross-linked complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: a lipopolysaccharide + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = a heptosylated lipopolysaccharide + ADP + H+.


trinitrophenol hydride denitratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex = 2,4-dinitrophenol + nitrite. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP.


peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine.


C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 7 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


3-sulfino-L-alanine binding

Binding to 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteine sulfinate).


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.


positive regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.


lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-D-glucose = D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glucuronoxylan D-glucuronate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronate.


N-malonylurea hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate + H2O = H+ + malonate + urea.


response to desiccation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.


disruption of extracellular matrix of another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix of another organism.


complement component C3dg receptor activity

Combining with the C3dg product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


type III hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting from recognition of immune complexes via complement or Fc receptors on effector cells leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes and damage to bystander tissue.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cytosine(out) + H+(out) = cytosine(in) + H+(in).


chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon

The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


L-pipecolate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + O2 = 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate + H2O2 + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template.


cellular response to haloperidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.


determination of stomach left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the stomach with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


beta-carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-carotene.


dimethyl selenide methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dimethyl selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylselenonium.


response to chromate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan binding

Binding to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan.


delta7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a delta(7)-sterol + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a delta(5,7)-sterol + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


hyoscyamine (6S)-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-hyoscyamine + O2 = (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + CO2 + succinate.


ocellus photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a photoreceptor cell found in the ocellus.


protein methylthiotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a [ribosomal protein S12] L-aspartate89 + a sulfurated [sulfur carrier] + a reduced electron acceptor = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 H+ + a [ribosomal protein S12] 3-methylthio-L-aspartate89 + an unsulfurated [sulfur carrier] + an oxidized electron acceptor.


low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


egg deposition

The multicellular organismal reproductive process that results in the movement of an egg from within an organism into the external environment.