aplasia cutis congenita-intestinal lymphangiectasia syndrome

Aplasia cutis congenita - intestinal lymphangiectasia is an extremely rare association syndrome, described in only two brothers to date (one of which died at 2 months of age), characterized by aplasia cutis congenita of the vertex and generalized edema (as well as hypoproteinemia and lymphopenia) due to intestinal lymphangiectasia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985.


rectum sarcoma

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A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the rectum. Representative examples include angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma

An unusual colorectal carcinoma characterized by the presence of glandular and squamous carcinomatous components. The two carcinomatous components may be admixed within the tumor, or the two may appear separately in different areas.


undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma

An aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the liver and usually occurs in older children. It is composed of immature spindle, stellate, polymorphous, and giant cells.


rectum rhabdomyosarcoma

A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the rectum.


hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis

Liver injury resulting from hepatitis C infection.


Meckel diverticulum neoplasm

A neoplasm involving a Meckel's diverticulum.


gallbladder lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises from the gallbladder, with the bulk of the tumor located at this site.


diverticulitis of colon

Inflammation of the colonic diverticula, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.


colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 7

Any hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MLH3 gene.


seronegative autoimmune hepatitis

A form of autoimmune hepatitis characterized by the features of classic autoimmune hepatitis (i. e. clinical presentation as acute or chronic cryptogenic hepatitis, interface hepatitis on histological examination, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, hypergammaglobulinemia/elevated immunoglobulin G, therapeutic response to corticosteroids) in the absence of serum autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations include fatigue, malaise, arthralgia, jaundice, at later stages also signs of advanced chronic liver disease, such as spider nevi, caput medusae, splenomegaly, ascites, and palmar erythema. Presence of concurrent autoimmune diseases is frequently observed.


gastric cardia carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the cardia of stomach.


MYO5B-related progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis


glucagonoma

Glucagonoma is a rare, functioning type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) that hypersecretes glucagon, leading to a syndrome comprised of necrolytic migratory erythema, diabetes mellitus, anemia, weight loss, mucosal abnormalities, thromboembolism, gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.


pancreatic cystadenoma

A non-metastasizing cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas.


autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease

An autosomal dominant inherited condition characterized by many cysts of various sizes scattered throughout the liver.


congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency without starch intolerance


Peutz-Jeghers polyp of the stomach

A non-neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of smooth muscle branching bands, and hyperplasia with cystic dilatation of the foveolar epithelium.


pancreatic signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

A rare pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis. It is characterized by the presence of malignant signet ring cells infiltrating the pancreatic parenchyma in an individual cell pattern.


angiodysplasia of stomach

A angiodysplasia that involves the stomach.


intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis

A non-invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic bile ducts.


esophagus liposarcoma

A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the esophagus, characterized by multivacuolated lipoblasts with hyperchromatic nuclei, a solid pattern of growth, and a rich vascular network. It arises from the mucosal and submucosal layers of the lower esophagus. Clinical presentation includes progressive dysphagia, nausea, throat discomfort, and foreign body sensation.


esophageal leukoplakia

A rare condition that usually affects the middle-to-distal esophagus in middle-aged and elderly people. There is usually a history of tobacco smoking or alcohol intake. Dysphagia is the presenting symptom. Morphologically, the lesions are well-demarcated and are characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, thickened basal layer, prominent granular cell layer, and hyperorthokeratosis. In a minority of patients this condition is associated with adjacent high-grade squamous dysplasia and/or squamous cell carcinoma.


combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

A rare tumor containing unequivocal elements of both hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma that are intimately admixed. This tumor should be distinguished from separate hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma arising in the same liver. The prognosis of this tumor is poor.


congenital short bowel syndrome, autosomal recessive


cecum carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the caecum


liver lipoma

A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the liver.


acute cholangitis

Cholangitis that is both sudden in onset and of a relatively short duration.


alcoholic fatty liver disease

Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells that is due to alcohol abuse. The fatty changes in the alcoholic fatty liver may be reversible, depending on the amounts of triglycerides accumulated.


congenital esophageal diverticulum

Congenital esophageal diverticulum is a rare, non-syndromic malformation of the esophagus, present at birth, and characterized by a false diverticulum, most often located in the upper, posterior esophagus. Many patients are asymptomatic, but respiratory distress, food regurgitation, dysphagia, chest pain, aspiration pneumonia and discomfort are typical presenting manifestations.


bile duct mucinous cystic neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

A mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts and it is associated with an invasive carcinomatous component.


chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare gastrointestinal motility disorder characterized by recurring episodes resembling mechanical obstruction in the absence of organic, systemic, or metabolic disorders, and without any physical obstruction being detected by X-ray or during surgery. CIPO develops predominantly in children and may be present at birth.


diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 1


Barrett adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett metaplastic epithelium in the esophagus. There is evidence supporting the idea that the Barrett adenocarcinomas develop through a stepwise progression through intestinal metaplastic epithelium to epithelial dysplasia to malignancy. Adenocarcinomas arising in the setting of Barrett esophagus are typically papillary and/or tubular. In terms of grading, they are well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. -- 2002


inflammatory bowel disease 15

An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 10q21.


trichohepatoenteric syndrome 2

Any tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SKIV2L gene.


intestinal lymphangiectasia

Dilatation of the intestinal lymphatic system usually caused by an obstruction in the intestinal wall. It may be congenital or acquired and is characterized by diarrhea; hypoproteinemia; peripheral and/or abdominal edema; and protein-losing enteropathies.


gallbladder adenoma

A polypoid epithelial neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder. According to the neoplastic growth pattern, it is classified as tubular, tubulopapillary, or papillary.


intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


diazoxide-resistant focal hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency


anal squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from the anal canal or the anal margin (perianal skin). Human papillomavirus is detected in the majority of cases. Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to the general male population. Symptoms include anal pruritus, discomfort when sitting, pain, change in bowel habit, and bleeding. The prognosis is generally better for anal margin SCC than for anal canal SCC.


undifferentiated carcinoma of esophagus

An esophageal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microscopic features of squamous differentiation. However, there is immunohistochemical evidence of squamous differentiation.


pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

An infiltrating adenocarcinoma that arises from the epithelial cells of the pancreas. It affects males more often than females and the patients are usually over 50 years of age. Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of glandular (ductal) differentiation and desmoplastic stroma formation. Signs and symptoms include pain, loss of weight, and jaundice. It grows rapidly and is usually detected after it has metastasized to other anatomic sites. The prognosis is usually poor.


anal gland adenocarcinoma

An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of the anal glands. The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes.


lipoma of the rectum

A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the rectum.


Cronkhite-Canada syndrome

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis syndrome characterized by the association of non-hereditary GI polyposis with the cutaneous triad of alopecia, nail changes and hyperpigmentation.


gallbladder lipoma

A benign adipose tissue neoplasm involving the gallbladder wall.


colon neuroendocrine neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis

A benign inflammatory colitis caused by a non-IgE-mediated immune reaction to ingested food proteins.


Moyamoya disease with early-onset achalasia is an exceedingly rare autosomal recessive neurological disorder reported only in a few families so far. It is characterized by the association of early onset achalasia (manifesting in infancy) with severe intracranial angiopathy that is consistent with moyamoya angiopathy in most cases (moyamoya disease). Other variable associated manifestations include hypertension, Raynaud phenomenon, and livedo reticularis.


intestinal disaccharidase deficiency

Inherited or acquired disorders of sugar metabolism. Deficiencies of lactase, maltase or sucrase-isomaltase usually occur irreversibly and independent of one another. Congenital deficiencies are rare whereas acquired deficiencies are more common and may be seen following intestinal mucosal brush-border injury. Clinical signs include abdominal cramping, bloating, flatulence and diarrhea following dietary intake of lactose, maltose or sucrose. The clinical course leads to malabsorption of disaccharides which has implications for normal growth and development if manifested at an early age.


gastric neuroendocrine tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


epithelial tumor of anal canal

A epithelial neoplasm that involves the anal canal.


pancreatic serous cystadenoma

A benign, non-metastasizing cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. It is composed of glycogen-rich epithelial cells which produce a watery fluid. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


extrahepatic bile duct mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A mucoepidermoid carcinoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


Meckel diverticulitis

Inflammation of a congenital diverticulum of the lower intestine.


Peutz-Jeghers polyp

A hamartomatous polyp that occurs in the stomach, small and large intestines, and rarely within the esophagus, nasopharynx and the urinary tract. The Peutz-Jeghers polyps are grossly lobulated and dark. Microscopically, they have a central core of smooth muscle covered by mucosa. The smooth muscle shows tree-like branching. The question of whether or not the Peutz-Jeghers polyp is precancerous is a matter of controversy. The loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 19p (where the responsible gene LKB1 is located) suggests that the increased risk of malignancy may be due to malignant transformation from hamartoma to adenocarcinoma. --2002


carcinoma of hard palate

A carcinoma that involves the hard palate.


perianal Crohn disease

An Crohn disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the anal canal.


visceral leiomyopathy, African degenerative


esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a type of esophageal carcinoma (EC) that can affect any part of the esophagus, but is usually located in the upper or middle third.


inflammatory bowel disease 3

An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 6p21.3.


POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome

An autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome caused by germline pathogenic POLD1 variants. It is characterized by the presence of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.


pancreatic foamy gland adenocarcinoma

A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of adenocarcinoma cells with foamy cytoplasm.


inflammatory bowel disease (infantile ulcerative colitis) 31, autosomal recessive


congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency with starch and lactose intolerance


neuroendocrine tumor of the colon, well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor

A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon.


ALPI-related inflammatory bowel disease

Any inflammatory bowel disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ALPI gene.


esophagus verrucous carcinoma

A rare variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It is an exophytic, cauliflower-like or papillary mass that can arise in any part of the esophagus. This variant of squamous cell carcinoma grows slowly and invades locally, with a very low metastasizing potential. (WHO)


neonatal diabetes mellitus with congenital hypothyroidism

A rare genetic disease characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, and congenital hypothyroidism. Additional manifestations include congenital glaucoma, hepatic disease (hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis), polycystic kidneys, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, sensorineural hearing impairment, developmental delay, and mild facial dysmorphism (such as flat nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, long philtrum, and low-set ears), among others


hepatic vascular disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic vascular disorder that affects the liver. Representative examples include veno-occlusive disease, hemangioma, lymphangioma, and angiosarcoma.


neoplasm of esophagus

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the esophagus.


neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease

Neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease is a rare, life-threatening, autoinflammatory syndrome with immune deficiency disorder characterized by early-onset, life-long inflammation, affecting the skin and bowel, associated with recurrent infections. Patients present perioral and perianal psoriasiform erythema and papular eruption with pustules, failure to thrive associated with chronic malabsorptive diarrhea, intercurrent gastrointestinal infections and feeding troubles, as well as absent, short or broken hair and trichomegaly. Recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections lead to recurrent blepharitis, otitis externa and bronchiolitis.


gastric intestinal metaplasia

Metaplastic changes in the lining of the upper digestive tract.


intellectual disability-hypotonia-brachycephaly-pyloric stenosis-cryptorchidism syndrome


Whipple disease

A systemic infection caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. It affects the small intestine resulting in malabsorption. Other sites or systems affected by the infection are the joints, central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system.


hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome

Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome (HIHA) is a frequent form of diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism, characterized by an excessive/ uncontrolled insulin secretion (inappropriate for the level of glycemia), asymptomatic hyperammonemia and recurrent episodes of profound hypoglycemia induced by fasting and protein rich meals, requiring rapid and intensive treatment to prevent neurological sequelae. Epilepsy and cognitive deficit that are unrelated to hypoglycemia may also occur.


juvenile polyp

A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the stomach and intestinal tract. It is characterized by the presence of tortuous and cystically dilated glands, edematous changes, and inflammation.


extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the extrahepatic bile duct


gallbladder biliary intraepithelial neoplasia

A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the gallbladder epithelium. It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


esophagus sarcoma

A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the esophagus. Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


pouchitis

Acute inflammation in the intestinal mucosa of the continent ileal reservoir (or pouch) in patients who have undergone ileostomy and restorative proctocolectomy (proctocolectomy, restorative).


permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus-pancreatic and cerebellar agenesis syndrome

Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus-pancreatic and cerebellar agenesis syndrome is characterized by neonatal diabetes mellitus associated with cerebellar and/or pancreatic agenesis.


squamous cell carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract

Squamous cell carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract is an extremely rare, primary, malignant liver and biliray tract epithelial tumor originating in the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium histologically characterized by the presence of keratinization and/or intracellular bridges. Patients typically present abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, fever and/or dyspepsia.


rectum leiomyosarcoma

An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm that arises from the rectum. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


somatostatinoma

A rare, usually malignant neuroendocrine tumor arizing from delta cells. This neoplasm produces large amounts of somatostatin, which may result in a syndrome characterized by diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, and gastric hyposecretion. Sixty percent are found in the pancreas and 40% in the duodenum or jejunum. The peak incidence occurs between 40 and 60 years of age; women are affected more than men by 2:1.


mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of pancreas

A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing a mixture of ductal and neuroendocrine malignant cells in both the primary tumor and in the metastatic sites.


refractory celiac disease

Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is a complex autoimmune disorder much like the more common celiac disease but, unlike celiac disease, it is resistant or unresponsive to at least 12 months of treatment with a strict gluten-free diet. Gliadin, a component of the wheat storage protein gluten, together with similar proteins in barley and rye, are the villains that trigger the immune reaction in celiac disease. The diagnosis of RCD is made by exclusion, especially of any other disorder that can affect the huge number of thread-like projections that line the interior of the intestine (intestinal villi), such as intestinal lymphoma, Crohn's disease, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth or hypogammaglobulinemia.


porphyria due to ALA dehydratase deficiency

Porphyria of doss or deficiency of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (DALAD) is an extremely rare form of acute hepatic porphyria characterized by neuro-visceral attacks without cutaneous manifestations.


familial colorectal cancer type X

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer characterized by the absence of germline mutations in DNA mismatch-repair genes.


transverse colon cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the transverse colon.


colorectal lymphoma

An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the colon or rectum. The majority are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


upper gum cancer

A cancer involving a gingiva of upper jaw.


signet ring cell gastric adenocarcinoma

A poorly cohesive gastric adenocarcinoma characterized by malignant cells containing intracytoplasmic mucin.


primary desmosis coli

A rare intestinal disease characterized by congenital partial or complete lack of the collagen mesh network in the intestinal wall, resulting in hypoperistalsis or aperistalsis. The enteric nervous system is normal or near-normal in the affected areas, although hypo- and dysganglionosis may be found in some proximal segments of the colon and/or small bowel. Patients present with chronic intractable slow transit constipation.


undifferentiated gallbladder carcinoma

A carcinoma without evidence of differentiation arising from the gallbladder. The most common variant is the spindle and giant cell type which resembles a sarcoma.


salivary gland carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the major or minor salivary glands. Representative examples include carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.


intestinal obstruction in the newborn due to guanylate cyclase 2C deficiency

Any meconium ileus in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GUCY2C gene.


squamous cell carcinoma of pancreas

A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the pancreas.


colon mucinous adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin. Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections. Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia

Proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE) is a rare, gastroenterologic disease characterized by typical clinical, endoscopic and histological features of eosinophilic oesophagitis (i.e. symptomatic oesophageal dysfunction associated with eosinophil-predominant mucose infiltrate) which completely remits upon proton pump inhibitor therapy.


diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3

Any transient neonatal diabetes mellitus in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNJ11 gene.


hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

An autosomal dominant inherited adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastric mucosa and is characterized by the presence of poorly cohesive malignant cells and absence of glandular formations.


small intestinal Burkitt lymphoma

A Burkitt lymphoma that arises from the small intestine.


tongue squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the tongue. It usually presents as a painful ulcerated or nodular lesion. The size of the tumor and the status of the lymph nodes are the most important factors that determine prognosis.


idiopathic achalasia

A primary esophageal motor disorder characterized by loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation in response to deglutition.


gastric gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the stomach. It produces gastrin and it may be associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.


Meckel diverticulum cancer

A cancer involving a Meckel's diverticulum.


chronic diarrhea due to glucoamylase deficiency

This syndrome is characterized by chronic diarrhea in infancy or childhood in association with intestinal glucoamylase deficiency.


gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the gallbladder. It is composed entirely by malignant squamous epithelial cells.


biliary atresia intrahepatic syndromic form


esophageal varices without bleeding

Evidence of esophageal varices without bleeding.


pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma

A malignant glandular neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of mucoid stroma formation, papillary patterns, and cystic changes. It has been associated with KRAS and Tp53 gene mutations.


diphtheritic peritonitis

A peritonitis which involves inflammation of peritoneal cavity by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.


fungal esophagitis

Infection of the esophagus caused by fungi, most often candida albicans and candida tropicalis. It usually affects patients with immunodeficiency disorders or diabetes mellitus. Symptoms include dysphagia and pain on swallowing.


rectum mucinous adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectum characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin. Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections. Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 1

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis 1 (BRIC1) is characterized by episodes of liver dysfunction called cholestasis, during which the liver cells have a reduced ability to release a digestive fluid called bile. These episodes can last from weeks to months, and the time between them, during which there are usually no symptoms, can vary from weeks to years.Most people with BRIC1have their first episode of cholestasisintheir teens or twenties. Symptoms oftenpresent with severe itchiness, followed by yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) a few weeks later. BRIC1 is caused by mutations in the ATP8B1 gene. This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.BRIC1generally does not cause lasting damage to the liver. However, in rare cases, episodes of liver dysfunction may develop into a more severe, permanent form of liver disease known as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). BRIC and PFIC are sometimes considered to be part of a spectrum of intrahepatic cholestasis disorders of varying severity.


gastric adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the stomach


Muir-Torre syndrome

Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a form of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) characterized by cutaneous sebaceous tumors, keratoacanthomas and at least one visceral malignancy, most frequently gastrointestinal carcinoma.


cecum villous adenoma

A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the cecal mucosa. It is characterized by a villous architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


infantile liver failure syndrome 2

Any infantile liver failure in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NBAS gene.


pancreatic exocrine neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue.


hereditary North American Indian childhood cirrhosis

Hereditary North American Indian childhood cirrhosis is a severe autosomal recessive intrahepatic cholestasis that has only been described in aboriginal children from northwestern Quebec. Manifesting first as transient neonatal jaundice, the disease evolves into periportal fibrosis and cirrhosis during a period ranging from childhood to adolescence.


shigellosis

Shigellosis is a bacterial infection leading to dysentery and is caused by Shigella, which are small, ubiquitous Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the enterobacteria family. There are four species: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei, all of which cause bacillary dysentery and are strictly limited to human hosts.


rectal tubular adenoma

A usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the rectal mucosa. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


immature gastric teratoma

A malignant teratoma that arises from the stomach.


appendix adenoma

A circumscribed neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium of the appendix. Morphologically, it is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic glandular cells and it is associated with dysplasia. According to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, villous, or tubulovillous. The dysplasia is classified as mild, moderate, or severe.


intestinal neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the small or large intestine.


idiopathic copper-associated cirrhosis

Idiopathic copper-associated cirrhosis is a rare copper-overload liver disease characterized by a rapidly progressive liver cirrhosis from the first few years of life leading to hepatic insufficiency and harboring a specific pathological aspect: pericellular fibrosis, inflammatory infiltration, hepatocyte necrosis, absence of steatosis, poor regeneration and histochemical copper staining.


jejunal somatostatinoma

A somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the jejunum. It is characterized by the presence of tubulo-glandular structures.


inflammatory bowel disease 2

An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 12p13.2-q24.1.


Immunodysregulation - polyendocrinopathy - enteropathy - X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a severe congenital systemic autoimmune disease characterized by refractory diarrhea, endocrinopathies, cutaneous involvement, and infections.


colon signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells which contain prominent intracytoplasmic mucin (signet ring cells). The signet ring cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cells.


colon adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the colon


jejunal neuroendocrine tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the jejunum. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


squamous cell carcinoma of lip

A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the lip.


ileocolitis

Ileocolitis or ileal Crohn's is the most common type of Crohn's disease. It affects both the ileum (small intestine) and the colon.


sigmoid disease

Pathological processes in the sigmoid colon region of the large intestine (intestine, large).


liver adenosquamous carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts and is composed of malignant glandular cells and malignant squamous cells.


duodenogastric reflux

Retrograde flow of duodenal contents (bile acids; pancreatic juice) into the stomach.


laryngotracheoesophageal cleft type 4

Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft (LC) type 4 is a serious congenital respiratory tract anomaly characterized by a cleft extending into the thoracic trachea and possibly down to the carina, with respiratory distress.


lipoma of stomach

A lipoma that involves the stomach.


maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 4

Monogenic diabetes caused by inactivating mutation(s) in the PDX1 gene, encoding pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1. Homozygous PDX1 mutations result in permanent neonatal diabetes.


small intestine neuroendocrine neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


hepatitis E virus infection

Acute inflammation of the liver in humans; caused by hepatitis E virus, a non-enveloped single-stranded rna virus. Similar to hepatitis A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.


Alagille syndrome due to 20p12 microdeletion


appendix neuroendocrine neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


maxillary sinus carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the maxillary sinus. Representative examples include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma.


hepatoerythropoietic porphyria

A very rare form of chronic hepatic porphyria characterized by bullous photodermatitis.


gastric fundus carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the fundus of stomach.


intestinal atresia

A congenital malformation characterized by the absence of a normal opening in a part of the intestine. It can occur either in the small or the large intestine.


microvillus inclusion disease

Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a very rare, severe, malabsorbative syndrome characterized clinically by protracted or intractable neonatal secretory diarrhea and histologically by inclusion bodies on the intestinal epithelium.


appendiceal neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the appendix.


Waardenburg syndrome type 4B

A subtype of Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (Waardenburg-Shah syndrome) caused by mutations in EDN3.


perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis

A fulminating disease of neonates in which there is extensive mucosal ulceration, pseudomembrane formation, submucosal hemorrhage, and necrosis usually of the right colon, cecum, terminal ileum, and appendix, possibly due to perinatal intestinal ischemia and bacterial invasion. Progression can lead to necrosis, perforation and/or scarring of the intestinal tract.


oral cavity carcinoma

A carcinoma arising in the oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.


rectosigmoid junction neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the rectosigmoid region. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Rectosigmoid adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.


colorectal Kaposi sarcoma

A Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


pancreatic endocrine carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


anal canal squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the mucosa of the anal canal.


biliary dyskinesia

A motility disorder characterized by biliary colic, absence of gallstones, and an abnormal gallbladder ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or sphincter of oddi dysfunction.


small intestine cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the small intestine.


gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach

A rare hereditary gastric cancer characterized by proximal gastric polyposis and increased risk of early-onset, intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the gastric body, with no duodenal or colorectal polyposis. This is an n-of-1 use case where only one patient or family has been described with this disorder.


undifferentiated carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract

Undifferentiated carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract is an extremely rare epithelial tumor of the liver and biliary tract which presents heterogenous histological findings and not yet fully defined clinicopathological characterisitcs. Patients usually present with nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss and/or jaundice. Invasive growth, hight metastatic potential and a rapid clinical course are typically associated.


pancreatic tubular adenocarcinoma

A tubular adenocarcinoma that involves the pancreas.


small intestinal intraepithelial neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small intestine. It is characterized by low or high grade dysplasia of the mucosal epithelium. There is no evidence of invasion.


inflammatory bowel disease 26

An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 12q15.


chemical colitis

A colitis caused by the introduction of harsh chemicals to the colon by an enema or other procedure. Chemical colitis can resemble ulcerative colitis, infectious colitis and pseudomembranous colitis endoscopically.


gastric leiomyoma

A rare benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the wall of the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern. Unlike gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gastric leiomyomas are by definition negative for CD34 and CD117 (C-KIT).


cholangiolocellular carcinoma

An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that arises from the canals of Hering.


gastric liposarcoma

A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the stomach.


anal canal carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the anal canal


insulin-resistance syndrome type B

Type B insulin-resistance syndrome belongs to the group of extreme insulin-resistance syndromes (which includes leprechaunism, the lipodystrophies, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, and type A insulin resistance syndrome) and occurs in the context of immune dysfunction.


colon juvenile polyp

A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the colon. It is characterized by the presence of tortuous and cystically dilated glands, edematous changes, and inflammation.


cutaneous photosensitivity-lethal colitis syndrome

Cutaneous photosensitivity and lethal colitisis is a rare inflammatory bowel disease characterized by early cutaneous photosensitivity manifesting by sun-induced facial erythematous and vesicular lesions and severe recurent colitis which lead to untreatable diarrhea. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1991.


intestinal motility disease

A disease that has its basis in the disruption of intestinal motility.


bacterial gastritis

Gastritis resulting from bacteria.


benign neoplasm of appendix

A benign neoplasm that involves the vermiform appendix.


anus leiomyosarcoma

An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the anus. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


liver adenomatosis

A rare neoplastic disease characterized by the presence of ten or more hepatocellular adenomas in a background of normal appearing hepatic parenchyma. The majority of reported cases are female. There is no association with steroid use. The condition is considered benign, although the risk of complications (such as malignant transformation or spontaneous rupture with intraperitoneal hemorrhage) is much higher than in isolated hepatic adenoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma develops in less than 10% of cases.


megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 5


Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis

A viral hepatitis that results in inflammation, located in liver, has material basis in Human herpesvirus 4 and has symptom headache, has symptom fatigue, has symptom fever, has symptom abdominal pain, has symptom nausea, and has symptom jaundice.


protoporphyria, erythropoietic, 1

Erythropoietic protoporphyria caused by a compound heterozygous or homozygous mutation in the gene encoding ferrochelatase (FECH) on chromosome 18q21.


acute infantile liver failure due to synthesis defect of mtDNA-encoded proteins

Acute infantile liver failure due to mtDNA-encoded proteins synthesis defect is a very rare mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency described in fewer than 10 infants, primarily of middle Eastern descent, and characterized clinically by transient but life-threatening liver failure with elevated liver enzymes, jaundice, vomiting, coagulopathy, hyperbilirubinemia, and lactic acidemia.


benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is a hereditary liver disorder characterized by intermittent episodes of intrahepatic cholestasis, generally without progression to chronic liver damage. BRIC is now believed to belong to a clinical spectrum of intrahepatic cholestatic disorders that ranges from the mild intermittent attacks in BRIC to the severe, chronic and progressive cholestasis seen in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC).


xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis

Cholecystitis that is characterized by nodules containing lipid.


opioid-induced constipation

A constipation disorder caused by use of opiods. OIC may present immediately when a patient takes the opioid, or it may present gradually during opioid therapy.


X-linked erythropoietic protoporphyria

X-linked form of erythropoietic protoporphyria.


jejunal adenocarcinoma

A adenocarcinoma that involves the jejunum.


VIPoma

VIPoma is an extremely rare type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that secretes vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) leading to the manifestations of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydia or hypochhlorhydia (known as WDHA syndrome).


Waardenburg syndrome type 4A

A subtype of Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (Waardenburg-Shah syndrome) caused by mutations in EDNRB.


Lugano Classification Stage IV Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the CSF, bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


type 4 somatostatin receptor binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a type 4 somatostatin receptor.


Cryogenic Burn

Local tissue damage due to exposure to extreme cold.


Supratentorial Gliosarcoma

A gliosarcoma arising from the supratentorial region.


Cerebral Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that occurs in the cerebrum.


Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction

Tearing of the heart muscle as a sequela of acute myocardial infarction.


hyaluronate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hyaluronate = n 3-(4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


benign granular cell tumor

A granular cell tumor that is confined to the site of origin, without metastatic potential.


cardiac granular cell neoplasm

A very rare granular cell tumor that arises from the heart.


benign peripheral nerve granular cell tumor

A benign granular cell tumor that involves the nerve.


Multiple hamartoma of lung

The presence of multiple hamartomas in the lungs.  Hamartomas are usually solitary lesions on chest-x-rays.  Multiple lung hamartomas are rare.


Increased CSF alanine concentration

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Abnormally increased levels of alanine in cerebrospinal fluid.


Glutathionuria

Level of glutathione in the urine above the upper limit of normal.


cell cycle process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation.


medial membrane band assembly

The assembly of a sterol-rich region of the plasma membrane at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring.


attachment of meiotic spindle microtubules to meiosis II kinetochore

The cellular process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex in meiosis II. During meiosis II sister kinetochores are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs.


meiotic spindle pole body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the meiotic spindle pole body.


meiotic nuclear membrane disassembly

The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during meiotic cell division occurs.


spindle assembly involved in male meiosis I

The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


LinE complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components during meiotic prophase to form a LinE complex, the protein complex that associates with chromatin to form linear elements in fission yeast. In S. pombe, the LinE complex contains four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20) and other associated proteins.


metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis II.


establishment of meiotic spindle orientation

Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.


meiotic attachment of telomeric heterochromatin to spindle pole body

The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the spindle pole body, facilitating bouquet formation.


meiotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

Any telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication that is involved in meiotic cell cycle.


cell plate formation involved in plant-type cell wall biogenesis

The cell cycle process in which the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


astral microtubule anchoring at mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which an astral microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a mitotic spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.


centromere clustering at the mitotic interphase nuclear envelope

The process in which chromatin, or kinetochores are anchored to the nuclear envelope. This process involves the microtubule cytoskeleton, and nuclear tethering factors and is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei.


contractile ring contraction

The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter.


CMG complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the CMG complex, a protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication. The process begins when additional proteins (e.g. Cdc45 and Sld3) join the loaded, inactive double MCM hexamer at replication origins, and ends when Mcm10 triggers the separation of the Mcm2-7 double hexamers, forming two active CMG complexes.


mitotic cohesin ssDNA (lagging strand) loading

The ATP-dependent protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to ssDNA (lagging strand) which is already linked to a dsDNA (leading strand) molecule as part of the mitotic cell cycle.


actomyosin contractile ring contraction

The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.


bacterial-type DNA replication termination

Any DNA replication termination that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


premeiotic DNA replication termination

Any DNA replication termination involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


actomyosin contractile ring assembly

The process of assembly of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.


meiosis I cytokinesis

A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis I, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


spindle disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.


male meiosis chromosome separation

The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis.


DNA strand elongation involved in premeiotic DNA replication

Any DNA strand elongation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that form adjacent to the middle lamella following cell division and during cell expansion. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


mitotic cohesin dsDNA (leading strand) loading

The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to dsDNA (leading strand) as part of the mitotic cell cycle.


cell cycle DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


plant-type sporogenesis

The formation of plant spores derived from the products of meiosis. The spore gives rise to gametophytes.


mitotic contractile ring actin filament bundle assembly

Any actin filament bundle assembly that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


male meiosis II

A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline.


spindle pole body duplication

Construction of a new spindle pole body.


meiosis I/meiosis II transition

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiosis I to meiosis II.


meiotic G2/MI DNA replication checkpoint signaling

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A signal transduction process that controls the G2/M1 transition of the meiotic cell cycle and prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in premeiotic DNA replication

Any synthesis of RNA primer involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.


mitotic pre-replicative complex assembly

Any pre-replicative complex assembly involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


mitotic cleavage furrow formation

Any cleavage furrow formation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


meiotic strand displacement involved in double-strand break repair via SDSA

Any meiotic strand displacement that is involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA).


microtubule bundle formation involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organization

Any microtubule bundle formation that is involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organization.


premeiotic DNA replication DNA ligation

Any DNA ligation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


bacterial-type DNA replication DNA ligation

Any DNA ligation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


actomyosin contractile ring actin filament bundle assembly

A process of actin filament bundle formation that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis.


meiosis II cytokinesis

A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis II, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


mitotic cleavage furrow ingression

Advancement of the mitotic cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during mitotic cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed.


cellular bud site selection

The specification of the site where a daughter cell will form, in organisms that reproduce by budding. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


ascospore release from ascus

A developmental process that results in the discharge of ascospores from the ascus. Ascospore release may be active or passive.


attachment of telomeric heterochromatin to nuclear envelope

The process in which physical connections are formed between sub-telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope facilitating bouquet formation.


sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole involved in meiotic sister chromatid segregation

The directed movement of sister chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis II.


meiotic strand invasion

The cell cycle process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This occurs during meiosis.


meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis I

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis I.


meiotic sister chromatid centromere separation

The cell cycle process in which the centromeres of sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.


astral microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an astral microtubule. An astral microtubule is any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


DNA strand elongation involved in cell cycle DNA replication

Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


bacterial-type DNA replication

The DNA-dependent DNA replication, exemplified by prokaryotes, that occurs as part of the cell cycle. Prokaryotic DNA replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication on the circular genome.


regulation of spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation.


cohesin loading

The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA.


mitotic chromosome arm condensation

The cell cycle process in which chromosome arm chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.


meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in meiotic gene conversion

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.


sexual spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a sexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.


male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion

The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.


microtubule anchoring at spindle pole body

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.


germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

The process in which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


meiotic centromeric cohesion protection in anaphase I

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome centromeric region is maintained during homologous chromosome segregation at meiotic anaphase I after cohesin is cleaved by separase along the arm regions.


meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs resulting in double strand break formation and repair through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


mitotic DNA replication termination

Any DNA replication termination involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the horsetail-astral array, a structure of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis.


meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid biorientation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid biorientation, the mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed.


mitotic G2 cell size control checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint prior to the G2/M transition of mitosis.


Okazaki fragment processing involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic metaphase II chromosome alignment

A chromosome localization process whereby chromosomes are positioned in a specific order and orientation at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), during meiosis II chromosome segregation. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.


mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase two)

The spindle organization process in which the spindle is maintained at a constant length during mitotic metaphase.


mitotic spindle pole body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitotic spindle pole body.


MCM complex loading

The protein localization process in which two MCM complexes become associated with chromatin at replication origins. MCM loading begins when origin-bound ORC and Cdc6 (Cdc18 in fission yeast) recruit one MCM2-7/Cdt1 complex to the origin, includes formation of a succession of intermediate complexes and ATP hydrolysis-dependent Mcm2-7 ring closure, and ends when two MCM hexamers fully encircle DNA, and are oriented head-to-head. The double hexamer is inactive for DNA unwinding. MCM loading takes place during G1 phase, and precedes CMG complex assembly.


spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore

The cellular process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex in meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs.


spindle assembly involved in male meiosis II

The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


secondary cell septum biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a secondary cell septum following nuclear division.


meiotic spindle elongation

The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


cellular bud neck septin ring organization

Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of a septin ring located at the bud neck.


meiotic sister chromatid arm separation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.


maintenance of protein location to spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location at the spindle pole body, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


meiotic spindle formation (spindle phase two)

The spindle organization process in which the spindle is maintained at a constant length during meiotic metaphase.


mitotic nuclear bridge organization

A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the mitotic nuclear bridge during closed mitosis.


DNA endoreduplication

Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes.


FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.


phragmoplast assembly

The formation of a structure composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation. The structure usually contains antiparallel microtubules and membrane (often visible as vesicles).


mitotic sister chromatid biorientation

The mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed. This is the final step in metaphase plate congression.


meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis II

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis II.


meiosis I nuclear membrane reassembly

The reformation of the nuclear membranes during meiosis I.


anastral spindle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the absence of centrosomes. Formation is initiated by the nucleation of microtubules (MTs) in the vicinity of condensed chromatin. MTs then attach to and congress around the chromatin due to activity of microtubule motors. A bipolar spindle is formed by focusing of the terminal ends of the MT array into spindle poles by molecular motors and cross-linking proteins.


mitotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly

Any DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the telomeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.


mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

The process in which a contractile ring is positioned in a specific location during the mitotic cell cycle. This process is critical for both for both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions.


mitotic DNA replication lagging strand elongation

Any lagging strand elongation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


mitotic nuclear pore complex reassembly

The cell cycle process in which nuclear pore complexes reform during mitotic cell division.


meristemoid mother cell division

The asymmetric cell division by which a meristemoid mother cells (MMC) give rise to a meristemoid and another cell. The other cell may itself become a MMC or may generate an epidermal cell. Any cell that undergoes this type of division is a MMC.


metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis.


primary cell septum biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a primary cell septum following nuclear division.


meiotic DNA double-strand break processing

The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.


astral microtubule nucleation

The 'de novo' formation of an astral microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule.


mitotic spindle disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.


subnuclear spatial organization of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin

The localization of silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin at a specific location in the nucleus.


removal of RNA primer involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA replication, removal of RNA primer that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


karyomere membrane fusion

Process whereby karyomere membranes fuse during interphase to form a single lobed nucleus.


DNA synthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitotic DNA replication.


early meiotic recombination nodule assembly

During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during leptotene and zygotene.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring maturation

The cellular process in which the mitotic contractile ring cytokinetic ring attains its fully functional state.


nuclear DNA replication termination

Any DNA replication termination that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic heteroduplex formation

During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


ascospore-type prospore membrane formation

The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed.


ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling

A spindle pole body (SPB) organization process that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation and results in the structural reorganization of the SPB; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP).


positive regulation of spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation.


kinetochore disassembly involved in meiotic chromosome organization

The cell cycle process in which outer kinetochore components delocalize from the centromere, contributing to the rearrangement of chromosomes into the orientation characteristic of meiotic prophase I.


meiotic spindle checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in cell cycle DNA replication

Any DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


protein localization to mitotic actomyosin contractile ring

Any protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring that is involved in mitotic cytokinesis.


mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during mitosis.


cytokinesis, division site positioning

The process in which a contractile ring is positioned in a specific location. This process is critical for both for both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions.


mitotic G1 cell size control checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.


homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole in meiosis I anaphase

The directed movement of homologous chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis I anaphase.


mitotic cohesin loading

The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA as part of the mitotic cell cycle.


attachment of meiotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

The cellular process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex in meiosis.


negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.


nuclear DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding

Any DNA duplex unwinding that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


bacterial-type DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


mitotic spindle orientation checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. This delays the completion of anaphase until errors are corrected.


spindle pole body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle pole body (SPB). The SPB is the microtubule organizing center in fungi, and is functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


oocyte karyosome formation

The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


female meiosis chromosome separation

The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis.


microsporogenesis

The process in which the microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid microspores.


initial meiotic spindle pole body separation

The release of duplicated meiotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs).


cell cycle DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


mitotic spindle pole body duplication

Any spindle pole body duplication that is involved in the mitotic cell cycle.


meiotic mismatch repair involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.


regulation of actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of contraction of the actomyosin ring involved in cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in premeiotic DNA replication

Any pre-replicative complex assembly involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


vesicle fusion with nuclear membrane involved in mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly

The cell cycle process that results in the joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the nucleus, and contributes to mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly.


maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.


ascospore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


mitotic nuclear pore complex disassembly

The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear pores occurs during open or closed mitosis.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in cell cycle DNA replication

Any pre-replicative complex assembly that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic joint molecule formation

The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA.


mitotic cell size control checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during mitosis.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


initial mitotic spindle pole body separation

The release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) that begins with the nucleation of microtubules from each SPB within the nucleus, leading to V-shaped spindle microtubules. Interpolar microtubules that elongate from each pole are interconnected, forming overlapping microtubules. Capturing and antiparallel sliding apart of microtubules promotes the initial separation of the SPB.


lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

The cellular process in which sister chromatids become laterally attached to spindle microtubules as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression. Attachment precedes migration along microtubules towards the spindle equator (metaphase plate).


ascospore wall chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.


mitotic DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding

Any DNA duplex unwinding involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


GINS complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a GINS complex, a heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with DNA replication origins and replication forks.


microtubule anchoring at mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a mitotic spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.


meiotic strand invasion involved in meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in bacterial-type DNA replication

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the bacterial pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


double-strand break repair involved in meiotic recombination

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix that contributes to reciprocal meiotic recombination.


cytokinesis by cell plate formation

The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell where a structure forms in the cytoplasm and grows until reaching the plasma membrane, thereby completely separating the cytoplasms of adjacent progeny cells. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


mitotic DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


nuclear cell cycle DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic mismatch repair involved in meiotic gene conversion

A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


nuclear DNA replication DNA ligation

Any DNA ligation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.


premeiotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly

Any DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly that is involved in meiotic cell cycle.


linear element maturation

The meiotic cell cycle chromosome organization process in which LinE complexes closely associate with chromatin during meiotic prophase to form mature linear elements.


karyomere assembly

The process where the nuclear membrane engulfs condensed chromosomes to form karyomeres during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


microtubule plus-end directed mitotic chromosome migration

The cell cycle process in which chromosomes that are laterally attached to one or more mitotic spindle microtubules migrate towards the spindle equator via plus-end-directed movement along the microtubules. This process is part of mitotic metaphase plate congression.


response to meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling.


distributive segregation

The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a backup mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over - either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) - but nevertheless segregate normally.


meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint, that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic cell cycle until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


meiotic recombination nodule assembly

During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes.


meiotic centromere clustering

The process by which centromeres/kinetochores attach to and migrate along microtubules to become localized to clusters at the spindle pole body during a meiotic prometaphase I.


cell cycle DNA replication DNA ligation

Any DNA ligation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


male meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during male meiosis.


DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at DNA replication origins as part of initiation of DNA replication. The complex consists of proteins that initiate the DNA binding, melt the helix and enable helicase activity.


megasporogenesis

The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.


meiosis II nuclear membrane reassembly

The reformation of the nuclear membrane during meiosis II.


meiotic spindle disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


mitotic spindle pole body insertion into the nuclear envelope

A process in which the duplicated mitotic spindle pole body is inserted into a fenestra which opens in the nuclear envelope in early mitosis, and is subsequently tethered to the membrane.


cell cycle DNA replication DNA unwinding

Any DNA unwinding that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


spore membrane bending pathway

The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.


spindle assembly involved in male meiosis

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


centromere detachment from spindle pole body involved in meiotic chromosome organization

The cell cycle process in which centromeres dissociate from the spindle pole body, contributing to the rearrangement of chromosomes into the orientation characteristic of meiotic prophase I.


assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in mitotic cytokinesis

Any assembly of mitotic cytokinetic actomyosin apparatus.


division septum site selection

The process of marking the site where a division septum will form.


meiotic spindle midzone assembly

The formation of the spindle midzone, the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap, as a part of the process of meiosis.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction

Any actomyosin contractile ring contraction that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


achiasmate meiosis I

The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata.


mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one)

The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase.


meiosis I cell cycle process

A process that contributes to the first meiotic division. The first meiotic division is the reductive division resulting in the separation of homologous chromosome pairs.


meiotic cell cycle phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase.


mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric

The cell cycle process in which telomeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.


establishment of mitotic spindle asymmetry

The mitotic spindle organization process by which a mitotic spindle becomes asymmetric either in position or structure.


mitotic nuclear membrane organization

A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane during mitosis.


assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis

The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.


premeiotic DNA replication

The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division.


sperm karyosome formation

The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the spem nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in bacterial-type DNA replication

Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


generative cell mitosis

The process in which the generative cell divides by mitosis to form two haploid cells. These will subsequently differentiate into sperm cells.


mitotic nuclear membrane biogenesis

A process in which the nuclear inner or outer membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together during mitotic nuclear division.


lamin depolymerization

The cell cycle process in which lamin is depolymerized.


midbody abscission

The process by which the midbody, the cytoplasmic bridge that connects the two prospective daughter cells, is severed at the end of mitotic cytokinesis, resulting in two separate daughter cells.


spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


meiosis II nuclear membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during the second division of meiosis.


mitotic nuclear envelope segregation

The mitotic cell cycle process in which the nuclear envelope, including nuclear pores, is equally distributed to the two daughter cells during the mitotic cell cycle.


meiotic nuclear membrane reassembly

The cell cycle process in which the reformation of the nuclear membranes during meiosis occurs.


late meiotic recombination nodule assembly

During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during pachytene. Involved in the catalysis crossing over.


premeiotic DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding

Any DNA duplex unwinding involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


mitotic DNA-templated DNA replication

A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands during the mitotic cell cycle.


establishment of mitotic spindle orientation involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures and contributes to oriented chondrocyte division in the growth plate.


mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects a defect in cytokinesis and prevents further rounds of nuclear division until cytokinesis is completed.


meiotic nuclear division

One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


cleavage furrow ingression

Advancement of the cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed.


protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


axial cellular bud site selection

The process of defining the next site of bud emergence adjacent to the last site of bud emergence on a budding cell.


mitotic DNA replication leading strand elongation

Any leading strand elongation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


meiotic strand displacement

The cell cycle process in which the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis.


meiotic mismatch repair

A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis.


mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during mitosis.


maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.


mitotic spindle pole body localization

A process in which a mitotic spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific cellular location.


actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament bundle convergence

A process of actin filament bundle distribution that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis, and that results in the compaction of actin filaments into a tight ring.


meiotic DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.


membrane addition at site of mitotic cytokinesis

A mitotic cell cycle process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.


meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation.


mitotic DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


bacterial-type DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding

Any DNA duplex unwinding that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the nuclear pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the eukaryotic DNA replication origin and is required for replication initiation.


female meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during female meiosis.


anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells.


mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B.


Cdv-dependent cytokinesis

A cytokinesis that involves a set of conserved proteins including the Cdv proteins, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.


meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang resulting in the transfer of genetic information from one helix to another.


mitotic nuclear division

A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.


mitotic division septum assembly

The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following mitotic cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a division septum are not able to exchange intracellular material.


exit from meiosis

Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase of meiosis II to the creation of end products of meiosis, in which ploidy is reduced by half.


signal transduction involved in cytokinesis checkpoint

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cytokinesis checkpoint.


male meiosis cytokinesis

A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells.


establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle.


synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


ascospore formation

The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).


actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization

An actin filament organization process that contributes to actomyosin contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis.


ascospore-type prospore assembly

During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane.