antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


phagolysosome assembly

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome.


S-adenosylmethionine cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl group and regeneration of methionine.


pneumocystosis

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Human pneumocystosis is caused by an infectious agent, which (after recent nomenclature and taxonomy revisions) is now classed as the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci. The prevalence is unknown. Pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic infectious agent, developing in immunosuppressed patients. It is an air-borne infection, localized to the lungs. However, extrapulmonary involvement is seen in AIDS patients. The disease manifests progressively with coughing, respiratory problems (dyspnea) and fever, followed by acute respiratory insufficiency and death within a few weeks in untreated cases. The most reliable diagnostic method is bronchoalveolar lavage. The treatment of choice is cotrimoxazole.


Esophageal stenosis

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

An abnormal narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus.


aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde or a ketone + NADPH + H+.


sleep apnea syndrome

A disorder characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep.


phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. However, unlike other class II enzymes, The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a phenylalanine-accepting tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins.


regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


sodium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.


femoral artery

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted].


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


ciliary transition fiber

A nine-bladed, propeller-like protein complex that links the distal end of the basal body and the cilium to the plasma membrane. Functions in protein sorting and gating (i.e. active and passive transport of proteins in and out of the cilium).


adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of adenylyl cyclase activity which results in an increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). This pathway is negatively regulated by phosphodiesterase, which cleaves cAMP and terminates the signaling.


immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy

Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is a rare form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized clinically by acute or subacute proximal muscle weakness, and histopathologically by myocyte necrosis and regeneration without significant inflammation.


intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to an intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


CENP-A containing chromatin assembly

The formation of chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.


glycosphingolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


mammary gland epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.


ergotamine

A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.


regulation of complement activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


response to nitric oxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.


icosatetraenoic acid binding

Binding to icosatetraenoic acid, any straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule.


staphylococcal infection

An infection caused by Staphylococcus.


basement membrane collagen trimer

Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane.


prolactin receptor binding

Binding to a prolactin receptor.


streptococcal pneumonia

A febrile disease caused by streptococcus pneumoniae.


chitosome

An intracellular membrane-bounded particle found in fungi and containing chitin synthase; it synthesizes chitin microfibrils. Chitin synthase activity exists in chitosomes and they are proposed to act as a reservoir for regulated transport of chitin synthase enzymes to the division septum.


negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.


negative regulation of complement activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


negative regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


protein localization to phagophore assembly site

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the phagophore assembly site (PAS).


histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ospemifene

An organochlorine compound that is a selective estrogen receptor modulator; used for treatment of dyspareunia.


K63-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys63 residue of ubiquitin.


duodenum cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the duodenum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.


low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors.


choline

A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function.


endocardial cushion formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


RNA methylation

Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.


carbon catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


fructose-6-phosphate binding

Binding to fructose 6-phosphate.


antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of exogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


sulpiride

A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.


Short term memory impairment

A deficit in the retention of pieces of information (memory chunks) for a relatively short time (usually up to 30 seconds).


gallbladder cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the gall bladder


sterol transmembrane transport

The process in which a sterol is transported across a membrane. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


primitive streak formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the primitive streak from unspecified parts. The primitive streak is a ridge of cells running along the midline of the embryo where the mesoderm ingresses. It defines the anterior-posterior axis.


cerebellar granule cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar granule cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a granule cell fate. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


endopeptidase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of an endopeptidase.


purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.


deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


delta-catenin binding

Binding to the delta subunit of the catenin complex.


negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.


aceprometazine

A phenothiazine compound having an acetyl group at the 2-position and a 2-(dimethylamino)-1-propyl group at the 10-position.


positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.


centromeric sister chromatid cohesion

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the centromeric region of the chromosome.


fatty acid elongation

The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.


regulation of endoribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


fenoterol

A member of the class  resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.


ocular hypotension

Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.


Tonic seizure

A tonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterised by unilateral or bilateral limb stiffening or elevation, often with neck stiffening.


regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction

A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


Parasomnia

An undesirable physical event or experience that occurs during the process of falling asleep, while asleep, or when waking up from sleep.


phrenic nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium.


cefonicid

A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


response to cadmium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.


negative regulation of centrosome cycle

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.


type B pancreatic cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO].


deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.


Vocal cord paralysis

A loss of the ability to move the vocal folds.


opioid abuse

A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of opioid drugs despite negative consequences.


establishment of blood-nerve barrier

The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier.


phosphoglycolate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycolate + H2O = glycolate + phosphate.


atrial standstill

Atrial standstill is a rare cardiac rhythm disease with a few familial and sporadic cases described to date that is characterized by a transient or permanent absence of electrical and mechanical atrial activity. Electrocardiographic findings include bradycardia, ectopic supraventricular rhythms, lack of atrial excitability and absent P waves.


proteasome accessory complex

A protein complex, that caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex and regulates entry into, or exit from, the proteasome core complex.


negative regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex

A type of voltage-dependent calcium channel responsible for excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. 'L' stands for 'long-lasting' referring to the length of activation.


Jaw pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the jaw.


negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.


regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.


Rap protein signal transduction

An intracellular signaling cassette in which a small monomeric GTPase of the Rap subfamily relays a signal.


regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.


synaptic vesicle priming

A process that converts synaptic vesicles to a state of competence for calcium triggered fusion with the active zone membrane by bringing the two membranes into very close proximity. Priming typically (but not always) occurs after docking (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012). Primed vesicles are also capable of spontaneously fusing with the active zone membrane.


adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.


photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.


negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.


acyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


aspartate transmembrane transport

The process in which aspartate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction requires Ca2+.


skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.


positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.


telavancin

A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.


cervical carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from either the exocervical squamous epithelium or the endocervical glandular epithelium. The major histologic types of cervical carcinoma are: squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma.


negative regulation of membrane depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization.


positive regulation of action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


chloride channel complex

An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.


positive regulation of nervous system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.


regulation of Rap protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction.


myocarditis

Myocarditis is a condition that is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). Some affected people have no noticeable symptoms of the condition. When present, signs and symptoms may include chest pain, abnormal heartbeat, shortness of breath, fatigue, signs of infection (i.e. fever, headache, sore throat, diarrhea), and leg swelling. Myocarditis can be caused by a variety of factors including infections (viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal), allergic reactions to certain medications, and exposure to certain chemicals. It can also be associated with other inflammatory conditions such as lupus, Wegener's granulomatosis, giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis. Most cases occur sporadically in people with no family history of the condition. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause of the condition. Medications and rarely, a heart transplant may be needed if the heart muscle becomes weak.


(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (1R,5S)-carveol + H2O + NADP+.


negative regulation of lipid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


disorder of pharynx

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pharynx. Representative examples include pharyngitis and carcinoma.


cisatracurium

A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion  consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.  The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.


positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.


response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a denervation stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


neural retina development

The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


ornithine decarboxylase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.


regulation of bile acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process.


intracellular sodium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sodium ions within a cell.


negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves direct competition for interaction with a promoter binding site.


cellular response to magnetism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.


regulation of protein localization to Cajal body

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to Cajal body.


mast cell mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.


myelin sheath abaxonal region

The region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.


olfactory bulb interneuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb, from its initial commitment, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


ncRNA transcription

The transcription of non (protein) coding RNA from a DNA template.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.


neutral amino acid transport

The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


face morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.


central retinal artery

The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted].


extracellular matrix binding

Binding to a component of the extracellular matrix.


positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cellular process

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.


tube lumen cavitation

The formation of a lumen by hollowing out a solid rod or cord.


response to platinum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.


regulation of meiotic nuclear division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes.


positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


negative regulation of cell junction assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.


high-density lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to high-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE.


wybutosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


retinal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH. Acts on both 11-trans and 13-cis forms of retinal.


negative regulation of telomere capping

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.


regulation of integrin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), activation of PDK1, which recruits and ending with the activation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). PI3K is activated by cell surface receptors. Note that PTEN is an inhibitor of the pathway.


aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain.


very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a very long-chain fatty acid. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


selenium compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine.


cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.


motile cilium assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.


striated muscle thin filament

Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.


striated muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.


propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


long-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.


regulation of heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis.


L-proline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


phagocytic cup

An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.


endochondral bone growth

The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.


UFD1-NPL4 complex

A dimeric protein complex that contains the co-factors for the ATPase VCP/p97 (Cdc48p in budding yeast). In mammals, this complex consists of UFD1L (UFD1) and NPLOC4 (NPL4). In budding yeast, the complex is a dimer of Ufd1p and Npl4p.


protein insertion into membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


Reye syndrome

An acute and potentially fatal metabolic disorder characterized by cerebral edema, fatty liver and hypoglycemia. It occurs primarily in children and has been associated with the use of aspirin for the treatment of viral infections. However, it can also occur in the absence of aspirin use.


carbon catabolite regulation of transcription

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


ammonium transmembrane transport

The process in which ammonium is transported across a membrane. Ammonium is the cation NH4+.


positive regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.


tumor necrosis factor production

The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.


positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


fatty acid elongase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain acyl-CoA + H+ + malonyl-CoA = a very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA. This reaction is the first (condensation) step of the four-step fatty acid elongation cycle in the endoplasmic reticulum that extends fatty acids of C-16 or longer with an additional 2-C unit.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste

The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = sphingosine + phosphate.


ingenol mebutate

A tetracyclic diterpenoid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoic (angelic) acid with the 3-hydroxy group of ingenol. Used for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis.


positive regulation of interleukin-12 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.


polysaccharide binding

Binding to a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.


negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamic acid-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transport

The process in which a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar is transported across a membrane. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.


GRANISETRON

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.


negative regulation of lyase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.


proline transport

The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


magnesium ion transmembrane transport

The directed movement of magnesium ion across a membrane.


lipoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.


Hypercapnia

Abnormally elevated blood carbon dioxide (CO2) level.


cardiac pacemaker cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity

cGMP dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


protein prenylation

The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.


positive regulation of vesicle fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.


regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.


Presyncope

Presyncope is a state of lightheadedness, muscular weakness, blurred vision, and feeling faint. Presyncope is most often cardiovascular in cause.


G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity

Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


catecholamine binding

Binding to catecholamine.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase, enzymes of the protein kinase family that are regulated through association with cyclins and other proteins.


WW domain binding

Binding to a WW domain of a protein, a small module composed of 40 amino acids and plays a role in mediating protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions.


myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, clinically heterogeneous, autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction characterized by fatigable weakness of voluntary muscles.


Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


behavioral response to pain

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


phosphodiesterase I activity

Catalysis of the sequential hydrolytic removal of 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated oligonucleotides.


pralidoxime

A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.


Severe major depression with psychotic features


Abnormality of the genitourinary system

The presence of any abnormality of the genitourinary system.


ligase activity, forming carbon-carbon bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-carbon bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


T-helper 1 cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a T-helper 1 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


portal vein

A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO].


myeloid leukemia

A clonal proliferation of myeloid cells and their precursors in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen. When the proliferating cells are immature myeloid cells and myeloblasts, it is called acute myeloid leukemia. When the proliferating myeloid cells are neutrophils, it is called chronic myelogenous leukemia.


eye photoreceptor cell development

Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.


T cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


bacteriuria

The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the urinary tract and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.


regulation of cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


lymphocele

A cystic lesion containing lymph. It usually results from injury, gynecologic surgery, or urologic surgery.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


histidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


thiopental

A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.


CXCR chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.


negative regulation of hormone metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.


ileum cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the ileum


ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


Osteoporotic Fractures

A pathologic bone fracture due to osteoporosis. It is generally caused by a fall from a standing height or lower and usually involves the spine, hip, or wrist.


myoblast fusion

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


dendrite membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendrite.


negative regulation of actin nucleation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.


water transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.


laminin receptor activity

Combining with a laminin, a glycoprotein that constitutes the majority of proteins in the basement membrane, to initiate a change in cell activity.


chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


negative regulation of protein acetylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.


azilsartan medoxomil

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of azilsartan with the hydroxy group of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one. A prodrug for azilsartan, it is used for treatment of hypertension.


Nodal Arrhythmia by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic finding of an arrhythmia originating from within the atrioventricular node.


optic nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


DNA-dependent protein kinase activity

DNA dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


cranial nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


serine family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


N-terminal protein amino acid modification

The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


catechol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.


cardiolipin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


water transport

The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Fulminant hepatitis

Acute hepatitis complicated by acute liver failure with hepatic encephalopathy occurring less than 8 weeks after the onset of jaundice.


acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

Selectively enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens upon binding acetylcholine.


hard palate

Anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes [GO]. The hard palate is formed from bony processes of the maxilla, premaxilla and palatine bone [Kardong].


chloride channel regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a chloride channel.


positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.


retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.


protein-lipid complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex.


adenylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.


lamellipodium morphogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized.


ferrous iron binding

Binding to a ferrous iron ion, Fe(II).


Abnormal ejaculation

Abnormality in the process of ejection of semen (usually carrying sperm) from the male reproductive tract.


regulation of ureteric bud formation

Any process that modulates the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.


rosacea

A chronic erythematous skin disorder that affects the face. It is characterized by the development of redness in the cheeks, nose, and/or forehead and telangiectasia. Sometimes, the erythematous changes may involve the eyelids.


protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the juxtaparanode region of an axon.


Renal function tests outside reference range


regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


spironolactone

A  steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.


prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin E(2).


cellular response to testosterone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.


regulation of microtubule-based movement

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins.


regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation.


mitochondrial protein processing

The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import.


telangiectasis

Local dilatation of small vessels resulting in red discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes.


regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


L-kynurenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).


edrophonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


thrombotic microangiopathy

The syndromes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and variable signs of organ impairment, due to platelet aggregation in the microcirculation.


Infective cystitis

An infectious process affecting the urinary bladder.


leukotriene signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by leukotriene binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


Panic

A sudden and overwhelming sense of fear characterized by the inability to function as normal.


Corneal opacity

A reduction of corneal clarity.


protein lysine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = acetate + L-lysyl-[protein].


modulation of molecular function in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism.


Testicular pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to one or both testes.


positive chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.


development of secondary male sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In male humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, and testicular/penile enlargement. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.


regulation of Wnt protein secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.


dimethyl sulfoxide

A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.


mannosylation

The covalent attachment of a mannose residue to a substrate molecule.


B cell proliferation

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.


pyridoxine

A hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid.


neuronal stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a neuronal stem cell.


structural constituent of myelin sheath

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the myelin sheath of a nerve.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


dental abscess

A tooth disease characterized by a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth.


adenine nucleotide transport

The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to vitamin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.


breast fibroadenoma

A benign tumor of the breast characterized by the presence of stromal and epithelial elements. It presents as a painless, solitary, slow growing, firm, and mobile mass. It is the most common benign breast lesion. It usually occurs in women of childbearing age. The majority of fibroadenomas do not recur after complete excision. A slightly increased risk of developing cancer within fibroadenomas or in the breast tissue of patients previously treated for fibroadenomas has been reported.


granular component

A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm.


ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of ions from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ion(in) = ADP + phosphate + ion(out), by a rotational mechanism.


forebrain ventricular zone progenitor cell division

The mitotic division of a basal progenitor giving rise to two neurons.


positive regulation of vascular wound healing

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


myocardial ischemia

A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (coronary artery disease), to obstruction by a thrombus (coronary thrombosis), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (myocardial infarction).


negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.


proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex

A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.


Increased circulating antibody level

An increased level of gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) in the blood.


positive regulation of kidney development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of kidney development. Kidney development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


myosin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


cardiac muscle cell proliferation

The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division.


PCNA-p21 complex

A protein complex that contains the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 bound to PCNA; formation of the complex inhibits DNA replication.


lumbar vertebra

Large vertebra of the movable part of the vertebral column, characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body.


negative regulation of response to oxidative stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.


neuromuscular junction development

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.


BMP receptor binding

Binding to a BMP receptor.


response to muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


sulfaphenazole

A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.


endocardial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


ketone body catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA.


negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via STAT.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


cellular response to oxygen radical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.


neuron maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state.


steroid hormone secretion

The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system.


positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


fatty acid transport

The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


exonucleolytic catabolism of deadenylated mRNA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 3'-poly(A) tail.


outer dynein arm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein outer arm, an outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.


regulation of microtubule polymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.


potassium ion leak channel activity

Enables the transport of a potassium ion across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that is open even in an unstimulated or 'resting' state.


embryonic process involved in female pregnancy

A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother.


amine binding

Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group.


protein-containing complex localization

A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


acne

An inflammatory process of the sebaceous glands which is characterized by comedones, nodules, papules and/or pustules on the skin.


mirabegron

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.


cellular response to zinc ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.


nuclear receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear receptor protein. Nuclear receptor proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors which are regulated by binding to a ligand.


Increased cardiac output

An increased volume of blood pumped by the left and right ventricle, per unit time. Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR), i.e. the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), and the stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat.


5S rRNA binding

Binding to a 5S ribosomal RNA, the smallest RNA constituent of a ribosome.


Increased hemoglobin

A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of hemoglobin in a biological specimen.


sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position.


uterine wall breakdown

The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels.


Peristalsis

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


folic acid-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives.


negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.


membrane depolarization during Purkinje myocyte cell action potential

The process in which Purkinje myocyte membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


Oral bleeding

Bleeding originating from the mouth.


lateral motor column neuron migration

The orderly movement of a lateral motor column neuron from one site to another. A lateral motor column neuron is a motor neuron that is generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme.


labyrinthitis

Inflammation of the inner ear. The cause is often not clear. It may be due to a virus, but it can also arise from bacterial infection, head injury, extreme stress, an allergy, or as a reaction to medication.


chronic eosinophilic leukemia

A rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by a clonal proliferation of eosinophilic precursors resulting in persistently increased numbers of eosinophils in the blood, marrow and peripheral tissues.  Since acute eosinophilic leukemia is at best exceedingly rare, the term eosinophilic leukemia is normally used as a synonym for chronic eosinophilic leukemia.  In cases in which it is impossible to prove clonality and there is no increase in blast cells, the diagnosis of "idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome" is preferred.  (WHO, 2001)


cellular response to growth hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.


CD40 receptor complex

A protein complex that contains at least CD40 (a cell surface receptor of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily), and other signaling molecules.


tenoxicam

A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine.  Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.


negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


negative regulation of microtubule polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


voice disorders

A pathologic process in the larynx that affects the production of speech. Causes include vocal cord paresis, vocal cord nodule, vocal cord polyp, and laryngitis.


mesodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm.


regulation of DNA-templated transcription elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.


cytolysis

The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The histidyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3''-OH group of a histidine-accetping tRNA.


dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


otosclerosis

Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the stapes (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the cochlea leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.


granular vesicle

A cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle of varying size, but usually larger than 45 nm, with an electron dense granular core, found in noradrenergic and peptidergic cells.


retinal vein occlusion

An occlusion of the retinal vein.


hearing disorder

A disorder characterized by the partial or complete loss of the ability to detect sounds due to damage to the ear structures or inability of the brain to properly interpret or process the auditory signals it receives from the anatomic structures of the ear.


negative regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.


forelimb zeugopod

The middle limb segment of the pectoral free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the forelimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the radius and ulna, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants.


copper ion transport

The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


embryonic heart tube left/right pattern formation

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis of the embryonic heart tube in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place.


aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+.


microglial cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


cellular response to cobalt ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.


muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on phosphates

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of a phosphate.


inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


negative regulation of ruffle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.


RNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a stem-loop in an RNA molecule. An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.


aspartate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity.


peptide modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.


regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


inhibin complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.


regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


cytoplasmic side of endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.


regulation of meiosis I

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.


NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex

A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).


Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Symptoms that result from pathologic processes affecting the urinary bladder and/or urethra. They include urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, nocturia, incomplete voiding, and poor stream during urination.


activin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


aprobarbital

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a  prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.


xanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Binding to a 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.


regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


Choreoathetosis

Involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements).


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.


acute myocardial infarction

Necrosis of the myocardium, as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area. It is characterized by a severe and rapid onset of symptoms that may include chest pain, often radiating to the left arm and left side of the neck, dyspnea, sweating, and palpitations.


myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.


perturbation by virus of host immune response

A process in which a virus effects a change in the host immune response.


negative regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


response to prostaglandin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


Seh1-associated complex

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p.


regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


negative regulation of regulated secretory pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.


drug-induced lupus erythematosus

An autoimmune disorder, similar to systemic lupus erythematosus, that is caused by certain drugs.


negative regulation of glutamate secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


keratinocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration.


glycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerol = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


zinc ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a G protein-coupled glutamate receptor (a metabotropic glutamate receptor).


Sedated

A state of a lowered level of consciousness.


tRNA-guanosine(34) queuine transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine34 in tRNA + queuine = guanine + queuosine34 in tRNA.


post-spliceosomal complex

A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, including U5.


aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


trachea cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized.


skull

Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP].


CCR chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR chemokine receptor.


RNA polymerase III activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase III specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


estrogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition

Any signaling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.


positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction.


apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.


peptidyl-threonine modification

The modification of peptidyl-threonine.


purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


central nervous system disorder

A disease involving the central nervous system.


Hysteria

A psychological state of emotional lability characterized by irrational behavior. This is a colloquial term that is not commonly used in clinical medicine.


node of Ranvier

An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed.


negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


co-SMAD binding

Binding to a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.


Vaso-Occlusive Crisis

An exacerbation of sickle cell disease.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.


response to glycoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus.


sick sinus syndrome

A constellation of signs and symptoms which may include syncope, fatigue, dizziness, and alternating periods of bradycardia and atrial tachycardia, which is caused by sinoatrial node dysfunction.


tachykinin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by tachykinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Tachykinin is a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2).


lysosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.


The series of molecular signals initiated by erythropoietin (EPO) binding to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


NADH dehydrogenase complex

An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.


cefmetazole

A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.


Vaginal dryness

Persistent vaginal dryness.


cyclin binding

Binding to cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, rising steadily until mitosis, then falling abruptly to zero. As cyclins reach a threshold level, they are thought to drive cells into G2 phase and thus to mitosis.


L-aspartic acid

The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.


craniofacial suture morphogenesis

The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.


regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids.


facial nerve

Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches).


Infective conjunctivitis

An infectious process affecting the conjunctiva.


regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


melanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.


hepatitis A virus infection

Acute inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is highly contagious and usually contracted through close contact with an infected individual or their feces, contaminated food or water.


negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.


ADP transport

The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


intracellular mRNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


sarcomerogenesis

The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


microscopic colitis

Inflammation of the colon that is only apparent by microscopic examination.


cholesterol binding

Binding to cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


Exudative retinal detachment

A type of retinal detachment arising from damage to the outer blood-retinal barrier that allows fluid to access the subretinal space and separate the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium.


omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation.


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


primary prostatic bud elongation

The increase in size of the prostatic bud as it forms.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


positive regulation of complement activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


purine nucleotide transport

The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.