rhombomere 7 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:3-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cell motility in response to potassium ion

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


glutathione thiolesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-acylglutathione + H2O = a carboxylate + glutathione + H+.


stamen formation

The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


rhombomere 4 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate = long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phosphoglycerate.


protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine

The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine.


pentadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadec-1-ene.


asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate.


dinitrosyl-iron complex binding

Binding to a dinitrosyl-iron complex. Nitric oxide (NO) is stored as dinitrosyl-iron complexes, which form spontaneously from Glutathione (GSH), S-nitrosoglutathione, and trace amounts of ferrous ions, or by reaction of iron-sulfur centers with NO.


homoaconitate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-homoisocitrate = cis-homoaconitate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O = N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+.


phosphoketolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity

Combining with an enkephalin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. A enkephalin is a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) involved in regulating nociception in the body.


pons structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


RNA glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an RNA molecule.


apigenin 7-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + apigenin-7-olate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + genkwanin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose + L-arginyl-[protein] = dTDP + H+ + N(omega)-(L-rhamnosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein].


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host Rab signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters a Rab protein family-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-threonylcarbomyladenosine (t6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2t6A).


negative regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


thiaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1).


glial cell-neuron signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signaling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum.


starch metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. It is a glucan consisting of two components, amylose and amylopectin, which are both glucose homopolymers. Starch is synthesized as a temporary storage form of carbon and can be catabolized to produce sucrose.


evasion of DNA end degradation by host

A process by which a symbiont evades and ends degradation of its DNA when free DNA ends are exposed. DNA ends are exposed during the life cycle of some viruses and these are targeted by host cells to destroy the virus. For example, some bacteriophages encode proteins that bind to free viral DNA ends, protecting them from degradation by host exonucleases.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethoxyuridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-methoxycarbonylmethoxyuridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


positive regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


cholesterol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NAD = cholest-5-en-3-one + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.


salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid glucose ester + UDP.


L-xylulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-xylulose = ADP + L-xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate.


perturbation of host induced systemic resistance

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + a standard alpha amino acid = L-homomethionine + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = halima-5(6),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


cholesterol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + cholesterol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cholesterol sulfate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+.


maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy

The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells.


sulfiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) + ATP + 2 R-SH = peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) + ADP + phosphate + R-S-S-R.


negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in).


pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


xylan acetylation

The addition of one or more acetyl groups to a xylan molecule.


epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation

Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a ligand for an epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand is functional when it can bind to and activate an epidermal growth factor receptor.


dihydromethanopterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6'-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + beta-D-glucose.


fruit development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.


leg disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the leg imaginal disc.


regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


K antigen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.


The multiplication or reproduction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to oligodendrocytes, which form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.


negative regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


lipoate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosyl.


Catalysis of the reaction: reactive black 5 + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized reactive black 5 + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of cornification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.


nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,8-cineole + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 2-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole + NADP + H2O.


3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA.


peptidyl-lysine deglutarylation

The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2--CH2-CO) from a glutarylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


RNA nucleotide deletion

The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a single nucleotide.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host MAPK cascade

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a MAPK signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol = GDP + beta-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


branching involved in open tracheal system development

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized.


endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control

The response to endoplasimic reticulum stress in which nascent proteins are degraded by attenuation of their translocation into the ER followed by rerouting to the cytosol without cleavage of the signal peptide, and subsequent degradation by the proteasome.


gibberellin A44,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + gibberellin A44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A98 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


threonine efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of threonine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabitol + NADP+ = L-arabinose + NADPH + H+.


3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an aromatic compound which is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of patulin, a toxin and antiviral agent produced by some moulds such as Penicillium patulinum.


2-phenylethyl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside glucosidase (Yabukita) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenylethyl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 2-phenylethanol + 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose.


Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroabietadienal + NADPH + O2 = dehydroabietic acid + NADP + H2O.


A protein modification process in which a polypeptide is added to a nascent polypeptide cotranslationally by trans-translation.


ocellus pigmentation

The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in an ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


negative gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts away from gravity.


Hsp90 deacetylation

The modification of an Hsp90 protein by removal of acetyl groups.


co-transcriptional mRNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled 3' processing of RNA polymerase II mRNA transcripts by the 3' end cleavage and addition of a poly(A) tail. This pathway is required for the maturation of primary protein-encoding transcripts into functional mRNAs that can be exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm, but is also required for polyadenylation-dependent decay.


naphthalene disulfonate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1/2)-unsubstituted naphthalenoid-(2/1)-sulfonate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene derivative + HSO3(-). Substrates include naphthalene-1,6-disulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate), naphthalene-1-sulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene), naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate) and naphthalene-2-sulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene).


negative regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.


maintenance of chromosome location

Any process in which a chromosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


tubulin-tyrosine carboxypeptidase

Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosyl-[tubulin] + H2O = C-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[tubulin] + L-tyrosine.


adenohypophysis formation

The process that gives rise to adenohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n + H2O = (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n-1 + 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid residue from a poly-2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid chain.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + hesperetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


response to DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA replication checkpoint signaling.


aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. The aspartyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an aspartic acid accetping tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-amino-L-alanine + oxalyl-CoA = N(3)-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoate + CoA.


negative regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


arachidonate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + ATP + CoA = AMP + arachidonoyl-CoA + diphosphate + H+.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.


The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


neuromuscular junction development, skeletal muscle fiber

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction that targets a skeletal muscle fiber.


interferon-kappa production

The appearance of interferon-kappa due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->6) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide.


mitotic prophase

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the medullary pyramid

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the basilar pons through the medullary pyramid in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


red or far-red light signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


nitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = product(s) of nitrate reduction + reduced acceptor.


actin phosphorylation

The transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host receptor-mediated signal transduction

A process by which a symbiont alters or subverts a receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


choline monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choline + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = betaine aldehyde hydrate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.


lincomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lincomycin.


regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


response to cholecystokinin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholecystokinin stimulus.


mitochondrial respirasome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of respiratory enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane (including, for example, complex II, complex III, complex IV) to form a large supercomplex.


galactose catabolic process via D-galactonate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate D-galactonate.


putamen development

The progression of the putamen over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The putamen is the lens-shaped basal ganglion involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


cellular response to chemical stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


N-terminal peptidyl-alanine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase or other enzymes of this class, such as ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


negative regulation of cardiac ventricle development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.


posterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where a cardiac endothelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. Endocardial cells (specialized endothelial cells that line the heart) undergo EndMT, and give rise to mesenchymal cells necessary for proper heart development. EndMT, specifically generates valve progenitor cells that give rise to the mitral and tricuspid valves. EndMT also contributes to endocardial cushion formation, as well as to generation of cardiac fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not cardiac myocytes.


envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, inter-Golgi cisterna

The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of inter-Golgi cisterna transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


pantothenate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


aspartate-ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP + NH4 = L-asparagine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


artery vasodilation involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

An increase in the internal diameter of an artery, triggered by vasomotor suppression, during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N7-methylguanine.


response to interleukin-32

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.


p-xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-xylene, (1,4-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + dihydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADPH = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADP.


positive regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


regulation of estrone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.


asexual spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an asexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in Bacterial and Fungal species.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


cellular component assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.


negative regulation of epithelium regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ + a heptodecanoyl-[acp] = octadec-1-ene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


sulochrin oxidase [(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2S)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.


paranodal junction maintenance

The maintenance of a paranodal junction, a highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. A paranodal junction flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve, electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments, and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.


lipopolysaccharide localization to cell outer membrane

A process in which a lipopolysaccharide is transported to the cell outer membrane.


regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that regulates the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


negative regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


negative regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarohexaose + H2O = 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + agaropentaose.


histone H3K9 monomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate + H+ = CO2 + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging

The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging.


roof plate formation

The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (3S)-(+)-asterisca-2(9),6-diene.


dendrite development by retrograde extension

The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (alpha-tubulin) L-lysine = CoA + (alpha-tubulin) N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.


protein-containing complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.


positive regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process.


gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (glyoxylate dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion = 4-oxobutanoate + glycine.


negative regulation of mannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.


miltiradiene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miltiradiene.


histone H4K20 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein, producing histone H4K20me3.


Catalysis of the reaction:(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + glyoxylate.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


tyrosine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = tyramine + CO2.


opine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino]pentanoate + H2O + NAD+ = L-2-aminopentanoate + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


glycosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


cellular detoxification of aldehyde

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of an aldehyde. These may include transport of aldehydes away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


male germline ring canal formation

Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst.


peptidylamidoglycolate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidylamidoglycolate = peptidyl amide + glyoxylate.


lithocholic acid receptor activity

Combining with lithocholic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


uracil:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uracil(out) + cation(out) = uracil(in) + cation(in).


negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a terminal cell fate in an open tracheal system. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.


regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.


C-C motif chemokine 5 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cspyrone B1 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cspyrone B1.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,10E,12R,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.


positive regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


establishment of plastid localization

The directed movement of a plastid to a specific location in the cell.


allatostatin receptor activity

Combining with allatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity.


peptidyl-phenylalanine modification

The modification of peptidyl-phenylalanine.


alpha-glucan catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.


positive regulation of cleistothecium development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


cis-zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


Catalysis of the reaction: orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


ATPase-coupled polar amino acid-transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + polar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + H2O = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


zeaxanthin epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-zeaxanthin + 4 H+ + 2 O2 + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = all-trans-violaxanthin + 2 H2O + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].


negative regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-dependent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H+.


dCTP deaminase (dUMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + 2 H2O = diphosphate + dUMP + H+ + NH4.


IP-10 production

The appearance of IP-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


90S preribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome. The 90S preribosome represents the complex that forms on the primary rRNA transcript before it splits into the small subunit and large subunit portions.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-9 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


pyruvate, phosphate dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate + pyruvate = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.


D-glutamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + pyruvate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-alanine.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


positive regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + L-glutamate + ATP = H+ + N-benzoyl-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


sphingolipid floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a sphingolipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


emericellamide A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellamide A.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + farnesyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-farnesylplastoquinol.


interleukin-30 production

The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kaempferol 3-O-glucoside = kaempferol 3,7-O-diglucoside + UDP.


sedoheptulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sedoheptulose = ADP + 2 H+ + sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide b + (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate = chlorophyll b + diphosphoric acid.


protein palmitoleylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl group to a protein.


coenzyme B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.


histone H2AR3 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 2A L-arginyl (position 3)= histone 2A L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H2A citrullination at position 3.


positive regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.


negative regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.


negative regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + L-ascorbate + O2 = CO2 + dehydroascorbate + ethylene + 2 H2O + hydrogen cyanide. Ethene is also known as ethylene.


5.8S rRNA binding

Binding to 5.8S ribosomal RNA, a eukaryotic ribosomal RNA which forms a complex with 28S RNA.


RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex assembly

The formation of a large multiprotein-DNA complex that self-assembles on a tRNA gene through the sequential recruitment of the general initiation factors that compose the preinitiation complex (PIC), (which includes BDP1, BRF1, TBP, TFIIIC in human). The PIC engages RNA polymerase III on its DNA template strand and sparks polymerization of the first few RNA nucleotides.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


symbiont-mediated disruption of host mitochondrion

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell mitochondria. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


zinc efflux active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane: Zn2+(out) = Zn2+(in). The activity is driven by proton motive force.


anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(8,9-epoxy-5Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N(6)-acetyl-N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + CoA.


branch fusion, open tracheal system

Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint.


soladodine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + solasodine = UDP + solasodine 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H+.


negative regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


prenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.


citramalate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + citramalate = acetate + (3S)-citramalyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the transfer of glucuronate to the xylan backbone of glucuronoxylan molecule.


synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle.


cell morphogenesis

The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.


kievitone hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kievitone hydrate = H2O + H+ + kievitone.


negative regulation of maltotetraose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-7,8-oxide + H2O.


alpha-amyrin 28-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-amyrin + NADPH(4-) + O2 + H+ = uvaol + NADP(3-) + H2O.


m-xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-xylene, (1,3-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


regulation of calcitonin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.


GMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + NH4(+) = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + 2H+.


protein deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a glycated protein.


benzoin aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoin = 2 benzaldehyde.


pronephros maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pronephros to attain its fully functional state. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


cellular response to cortisone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues.


UGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGC codon.


ionotropic sweet taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific soluble sweet compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: didemethylisoproturon + H2O = carbamic acid + 4-isopropylaniline.


positive regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.


macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production

The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart process.


positive regulation of Hulle cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


induction by virus of host apoptotic process

A process in which a viral gene product activates host apoptosis, leading to an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylethanoate, or 2-(Indol-3-yl)-ethanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + orotidine 5'-phosphate = CO2 + UMP.


negative regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.


IMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate.


campestanol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campestanol + O2 + NADPH = 6-deoxycathasterone + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an acetyl group from N-acetylglucosaminylinositol.


enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of the siderochrome enterochelin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine from one side of a membrane to the other.


4-nitrobenzyl alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + O2 = 4-nitrobenzaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


beta-amyrin 11-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 H2O + 2 NADP.


ditrans, polycis-undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate+ GDP.


trigeminal ganglion structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the trigeminal ganglion This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


lipid-linked peptidoglycan transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of lipid-linked peptidoglycans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,7-dimethylxanthine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + caffeine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


protein localization to cleavage furrow rim

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow rim.


ascopyrone tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-1-en-3-ulose.


UUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUA codon.


negative regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.


oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte.


melanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate + O2 = carnitine + CO2 + succinate.


renal urate salt excretion

The elimination of urate salt or uric acid from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication.


radial microtubular system formation

Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants.


asparagine biosynthetic process from cysteine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including cysteine.


mesonephric macula densa development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.


4-nitrotoluene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 4-nitrotoluene + NADH + O2 = 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O.


propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylmalonyl pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue.


sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


colanic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4 hydroquinone + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 4 H2O.


furaneol oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one + NADP = 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylenefuran-3-one + NADPH + H+.


NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose, in a two steps reaction: first an ADP-ribosyl cyclase reaction, followed by a cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase reaction.


mRNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA; G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA is mRNA containing a guanosine residue linked 5' through three phosphates to the 5' position of the terminal residue.


Catalysis of the reaction: [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](acetyl form) + H2O = [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](thiol form) + acetate.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


positive regulation of viral translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


pancreatic PP cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose.


hypophysis formation

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The hypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


macrophage migration inhibitory factor production

The appearance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


sulfide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase.


alpha-1,3-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n = UDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n+1.


ventriculo bulbo valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the ventriculo bulbo valve is generated and organized.


response to propan-1-ol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a propan-1-ol stimulus.


serine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + L-serine = ethanolaminium(1+) + carbon dioxide.


sensory perception of low humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect low environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


cellular response to biotin starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of biotin.


ligand-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ions by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


prolactin receptor activity

Combining with prolactin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


basophil chemotaxis

The movement of a basophil in response to an external stimulus.


ceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a ceramide = a sphingoid base + a fatty acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.


NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an NMDA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


5'-(N(7)-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mRNA] hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + N7-methyl-GDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + glucose = phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


auxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.


positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


benzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluridine34 in tRNA(Leu) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2'-O-methyluridine34 in tRNA(Leu) + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


photoreceptor cell axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


multivesicular body-lysosome fusion

The organelle membrane fusion process in which the membrane of a multivesicular body fuses with a lysosome to create a hybrid organelle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADPH.


protein localization to secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule.


ganglioside GM1 binding

Binding to ganglioside GM1.


cyclohexanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 6-hexanolide + NADP+ + H2O.


fonsecin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fonsecin.


NK T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CoA.


1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


mevaldate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + acceptor = mevaldate + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O.


cellular response to rotenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.


response to arsenite(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + kaempferol-3-rhamnoside + UDP(3-).


disruption of anatomical structure in another organism

The disruption of an anatomical structure of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure.


ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm.


23S rRNA (adenine(2030)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2030) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(2030) in 23S rRNA.


positive regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


olfactory nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


negative regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


protein-phycourobilin linkage via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine.


pyrokinin receptor activity

Combining with a pyrokinin and transmitting the signal within the cell to induce a change in cell activity. Pyrokinins are a group of insect neuropeptides that share the common C-terminal pentapeptide sequence Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (X = S, T, K, A, or G). They play a central role in diverse physiological processes including stimulation of gut motility, production and release of sex pheromones, diapause, and pupariation.


Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.


regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely used as a herbicide, often as a weed killer for home lawns.


myo-inosose-2 dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone = 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + H2O.


response to cycloalkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.


permeabilization of host organelle membrane involved in viral entry into host cell

Induction of organellar membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with a viral capsid. Results in release of the virus contents from an organelle into the host cell cytoplasm.


mitotic anaphase B

The cell cycle phase during which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart as part of mitosis.


axonemal microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules.


diolein transacylation activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diolein + mono-olein = triolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol, and triolein as trioleoylglycerol and olein.


notum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized.


positive regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


pinocarveol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = carveol.


UCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCG codon.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


aplanospore formation

The process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.


establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpNpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpNpG = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpNpG.


interleukin-9 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-9 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


primary adaptive immune response involving T cells and B cells

An adaptive immune response mediated by naive T or B cells against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


ABC-type polyamine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + polyamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + polyamine(in).


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.


positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


glycosinolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


phosphate acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + phosphate = CoA + acetyl phosphate.


3-deoxy-2-octulosonidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the beta-ketopyranosidic linkages of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate in capsular polysaccharides.


specification of distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


positive regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.


infection cushion formation

The process in which an organized mass of hyphae is formed and numerous infective hyphae develop from the hyphae mass.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.


phosphonate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + phosphonate = 2 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


peptide pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a peptide pheromone, and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.


beta-agarase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in agarose, giving the tetramer as the predominant product.


negative regulation of male gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


imaginal disc fusion

The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis.


activating MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


cysteine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.


positive regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


L-arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arabinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabinose occurs free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers and in the combined states, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides, etc.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galacturonate + 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n) = 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n+1) + UDP.


somatic embryogenesis

Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.


fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.


chimeric sorocarp development

Development of a sorocarp formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


structural constituent of presynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynapse.


acetyl CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol = CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


response to hypochlorite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hypochlorite stimulus.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


protein localization to septin ring

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a septin ring.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


suppression by virus of host intracellular interferon activity

Any viral process that results in the inhibition of interferon activity within the host cell.


nucleic acid binding

Binding to a nucleic acid.


positive regulation of nematode pharyngeal pumping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nematode pharyngeal pumping.


ethanolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).


hexokinase-independent signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and independent of hexokinase.


enterochelin esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: enterobactin + 3 H2O = 3 N-23-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine + 3 H+.


positive regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+.


galactose-6-sulfurylase activity

Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate from the D-galactose 6-sulfate residues of porphyran, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues.


positive regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopolysaccharide.


tetraterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


L-tryptophan aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other.


phenylacetyl-coenzyme A:glycine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + glycine = H+ + phenylacetylglycine + coenzyme A.


formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle

The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde.


rRNA acetylation involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA

Any rRNA acetylation that is involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.


AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


vacuole fission

The division of a vacuole within a cell to form two or more separate vacuoles.


negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-1,2-linkage.


Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


short-term synaptic potentiation

The process by which synaptic transmission, induced by the arrival of a spike (action potential) at a synapse, acts to increase the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to the arrival of subsequent spikes. This effect is seen when a train of closely space spikes arrives at a synapse with a low initial release probability. It occurs in a timeframe of tens to hundreds of milliseconds.


evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell induced by the evoked release of many vesicles of excitatory neurotransmitter at the synapse.


O-butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a butyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose = L-glutamate + dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-galactose.


dormancy maintenance of symbiont in host

Any process in which a dormant state is maintained by the symbiont within the host organism.


quinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinone = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-aldosyl1 beta-D-fructoside + D-aldose2 = D-aldose1 + alpha-D-aldosyl2 beta-D-fructoside.


gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 3-beta-hydroxy-gibberellin + succinate + CO2.


cellular response to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.


auxin efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, out of a cell.


(-)-borneol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-borneol + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-camphor + H+ + NADH.


site-specific DNA replication termination at RTS1 barrier

A DNA replication termination process that takes place at the RTS1 termination site in the mating type locus, in a specific direction required for subsequent imprinting and mating-type switching.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


mitotic cell cycle G1 arrest in response to pheromone

The cell cycle regulatory process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 as a result of a pheromone stimulus. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


cytoskeleton-mediated cell swimming

Cell motility in which contractile cytoskeletal elements alter cell shape, resulting in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.


styrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid used in the manufacture of polystyrene.


steviol 19-O glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP + H+.


intracellular cobalt ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cobalt ions within a cell.


programmed necrotic cell death in response to starvation

A programmed necrotic cell death occurring as a result of a starvation stimulus (deprivation of nourishment).


GTP diphosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = AMP + guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester.


3-chloroacrylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chloroacrylic acid, ClHC=CHCOOH, a chlorinated derivative of acrylic acid.


regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


oscillatory muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within oscillatory skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Oscillatory muscle contraction occurs in insect wing muscles and is characterized by asynchrony between action potential and contraction and by stretch activation.


spine apparatus assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spine apparatus.


linolenate 9R-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-linolenate + O2 = (9R,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-hydroperoxyoctadeca-10,12,15-trienoate.


negative regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gluconate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of gluconate from one side of a membrane to the other. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + a quinone = 2-oxoglutarate + a quinol.


L-arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


proboscis morphogenesis, labial disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the labial disc are generated and organized.


O-sinapoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


sulfite reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.


positive regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


ornithine catabolic process via proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, via the intermediate proline.


platelet rolling

Transient adhesive interactions between platelets and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating platelets bind selectins or other molecules on the vessel wall causing the platelets to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between surface molecules of platelets and endothelium.


polyamine deacetylation

The modification of acetylpolyamine by the removal of acetyl groups.


2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADH + H+.


regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cerebellar molecular layer formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


response to host redox environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont organism or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the redox environment in host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


stress-induced homeostatically regulated protein degradation pathway

A stress-inducible protein catabolic pathway that promotes protein quality control by accelerating the degradation of misfolded ER membrane and cytosolic proteins, as well as native proteins. The pathway starts with the activation, by stress, of the Nma111p/Ynm3p serine protease, which cleaves the stress-induced hydrophilin Roq1p, resulting in the generation of a Roq1p cleavage product that selectively interacts with Ubr1p, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Interaction with the Ubr1p type-1 substrate binding site reprograms the substrate specificity of this ubiquitin ligase resulting in the selective proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded and native proteins. The pathway ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Currently, NMA111, ROQ1, UBR1, RAD6, and CDC48 are considered to be involved in this quality control pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:3-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


positive regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


growth plate cartilage axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth.


negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + UDP-D-galactose = H+ + psychosine + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin = H+ + dihydrozeatin-7-N-glucose + UDP.


squalene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + squalene = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: chloramphenicol + acetyl-CoA = chloramphenicol 3-acetate + CoA.


regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


Nebenkern assembly

Fusion of mitochondria during insect spermatid differentiation to form two masses, which wrap around each other to form a densely packed sphere called the Nebenkern.


acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H+.


positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.


box C/D RNA binding

Binding to a box C/D small nucleolar RNA.


TMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


hydantoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-5-monosubstituted hydantoin = L-5-monosubstituted hydantoin.


sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage

The ovulation cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the fused antrum stage of oogenesis.


telomeric repeat-containing RNA transcription

The synthesis of telomeric repeat-containing RNA from a DNA template. A telomere is a complex of DNA and proteins that seals the end of a chromosome.


regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.


Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + a 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


positive regulation of histamine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


suppression by virus of host mRNA export from nucleus

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the host organism.


induction of programmed cell death by ecdysone

Any process induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


cytokine precursor processing

The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a cytokine, resulting in the mature (active) form of the cytokine.


17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.


maintenance of protein location in T cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


specification of mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the mesonephros acquire their identity.


peripheral tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction to self antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.