D-amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


interferon-alpha production

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


retinal bipolar neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.


Placenta, Retained

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

After delivery of neonate, placental retention that requires clinical intervention such as manual extraction, curettage or uterotonic medications.


Facial telangiectasia

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Telangiectases (small dilated blood vessels) located near the surface of the skin of the face.


detection of peptidoglycan

The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


positive regulation of DNA catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.


glutamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


epidural abscess

Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial epidural space. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with osteomyelitis of a vertebral body; analgesia, epidural; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with osteomyelitis of a cranial bone, sinusitis, or otitis media. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)


sequestering of TGFbeta in extracellular matrix

Confining TGFbeta to the extracellular matrix (ECM) such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. TGFbeta is secreted as part of a latent complex that is targeted to the extracellular matrix through latent-TGFbeta-binding protein (LTBP)-mediated association with matrix proteins.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol = NADPH + catechol.


negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.


deoxyribonuclease I activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 5'-phosphodinucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


mitochondrial depolarization

The process in which the potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane is reduced from its steady state level.


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another.


regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the first glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


stress response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a metal ion stimulus.


thymidylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine 5'-phosphate = ADP + thymidine 5'-diphosphate.


nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


Carotid pulse

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


indole-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


Abnormal Blood Antidiuretic Hormone

A laboratory test result which indicates abnormal levels of antidiuretic hormone in the blood.


peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.


Diastolic dysfunction

Impairment in the filling of the ventricles during diastole. Causes include hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, chronic high blood pressure, aortic stenosis, and aging.


juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the term used to describe a group of inflammatory articular disorders of unknown cause that begin before the age of 16 and last over 6 weeks. The term juvenile idiopathic arthritis was chosen to signify the absence of any known mechanism underlying the disorder and to highlight the necessity of excluding other types of arthritis occurring in well defined diseases (in particular arthritis occurring in association with infectious, inflammatory and haematooncologic diseases).


tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


peptidyl-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


oxidized purine DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue.


liver abscess (disease)

An abscess that involves the liver.


acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.


oligopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host apoptosis

A process in which a symbiont gene product affects host apoptosis, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Prostatic Infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the prostate gland.


eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex

A multisubunit nucleotide exchange complex that binds GTP and aminoacyl-tRNAs, and catalyzes their codon-dependent placement at the A-site of the ribosome. In humans, the complex is composed of four subunits, alpha, beta, delta and gamma.


anaplastic astrocytoma

Anaplastic astrocytoma is a rare, high-grade, malignant glial tumor, histologically characterized by abundance of pleomorphic astrocytes and multiple mitotic figures, often associated with diffuse infiltration of the surrounding tissue, considerable edema and mass effect and involvement of the contralateral brain. Depending on the primary localization of the tumor, patients can present with signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, papilledema), seizures, progressive neurological deficits, and/or behavioral changes. The tumor is most commonly localized in the frontal and temporal lobes, brain stem and spinal cord.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


fibroepithelial polyp of the anus

A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion that arises from the anal canal or perianal skin. It is composed of dense fibrous stroma and it is covered by squamous epithelium.


Neonatal hypotonia

Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.


fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm.


cap mRNA methylation

Methylation of the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.


essential thrombocythemia

A chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm that involves primarily the megakaryocytic lineage. It is characterized by sustained thrombocytosis in the blood, increased numbers of large, mature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and episodes of thrombosis and/or hemorrhage. (WHO, 2008)


regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


negative regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


calcium ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.


nephrosclerosis

Hardening of the kidney due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic hypertension. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ischemia.


coenzyme A transport

The directed movement of coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


6-phosphogluconolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + H+.


alcohol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.


positive regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


Hand paresthesia

Tingling (often refered to as a pins and needles feeling) and numbness in the hand.


box H/ACA telomerase RNP complex

A box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the RNA component of vertebrate telomerase, the enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. This ribonucleoprotein complex is a structural box H/ACA RNP, which does not have the catalytic pseudouridylation function shared by the majority of H/ACA RNPs present in the cell.


pyrimidine-containing compound salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


Abnormal bone formation

A finding referring to deviation from or interruption of normal development of the bones.


dGTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


Free prostate-specific antigen increased


The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine-triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine phosphate (8-oxo-dGMP) + diphosphate. 8-oxo-dGTP is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis causing transversion mutations. 8-oxo-dGTPase hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to its monophosphate form to prevent the misincorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into cellular DNA.


positive regulation of GTP binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


melatonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


cytolysis by symbiont of host cells

The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


sister chromatid biorientation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.


male reproductive system disorder

A disease involving the male reproductive system.


aspartate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


alpha-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids.


positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.


interleukin-3 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-3 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Dialysis dementia

A severe, often fatal encephalopathy which has been attributed to accumulation in the brain of aluminum from dialysate prepared with inadequately purified water.


axonemal central apparatus

Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the pair of two single central microtubules and their associated structures which include the central pair projections, the central pair bridges linking the two tubules, and the central pair caps which are attached to the distal or plus ends of the microtubules.


coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H+ + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.


detection of muscle stretch

The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.


establishment of body hair planar orientation

Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.


sympathetic neuron projection extension

Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


t-circle formation

A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of a telomeric circle, or t-circle. A t-circle is an extrachromosomal duplex or single-stranded circular DNA molecule composed of t-arrays. T-circles are involved in the control of telomere length via alternative-lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway and telomere rapid deletion (TRD).


wax biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


elongator holoenzyme complex

A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.


Cutaneous lymphoma

A lymphoma involving the skin.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin = (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin + H2O.


Lacunar stroke

A stroke related to a small infarct (2-20 mm in diameter) in the deep cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, or pons, that is presumed to result from the occlusion of a single small perforating artery supplying the subcortical areas of the brain.


positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.


N-acylmannosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.


proteoglycan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


centralspindlin complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis. Made up of two molecules each of a mitotic kinesin (ZEN-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MKLP1 in mammals) and of two molecules each of a GTPase activating protein (GAP) factor (CYK-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MgcRacGAP in mammals).


inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate binding

Binding to inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.


negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


Graft failure

Failure of transplanted tissue to become functional or operational, often as a result of destruction by the host's immune system.


regulation of membrane depolarization during action potential

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization during an action potential. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.


light adaption

The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light.


dihydroceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + dihydrosphingosine.


P granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: peptide(out) + H+(out) = peptide(in) + H+(in), up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by hydrogen ion movement.


opportunistic mycosis

A mycosis that arises from infection in an immunologically compromised host.


embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.


lithium ion binding

Binding to a lithium ion (Li+).


positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.


positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


acute erythroid leukemia

An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by a predominant immature erythroid population. There are two subtypes recognized: erythroleukemia and pure erythroid leukemia. (WHO, 2001)


cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


Pulmonary alveolitis

Inflammation of the alveoli of the lung.


N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


maltose alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose + H2O = 2 alpha-D-glucose.


cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


urethral stricture

Narrowing of any part of the urethra. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.


SAM domain binding

Binding to a SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain, which is a 70-amino acid protein sequence that participates in protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-RNA interactions and is conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes.


heterotrimeric G-protein binding

Binding to a heterotrimeric G-protein.


chronic rhinosinusitis

Chronic form of sinusitis.


heparanase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.


group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by L-AP-4 and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


thyroid gland undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma

A primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of undifferentiated cells. The malignant cells demonstrate evidence of epithelial differentiation, either by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopic studies. Microscopically, in the majority of cases there is a mixture of spindle, epithelioid, and giant cells. The vast majority of the patients present with a rapidly enlarging neck mass. The clinical course is usually aggressive.


nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.


cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


inner acrosomal membrane

The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane.


regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


Iron Overload

Accumulation of iron in the tissues. It may be a manifestation of an inherited disorder (e.g., hemochromatosis) or acquired (in patients with repeated blood transfusions). Symptoms include hepatomegaly, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and bronzed skin. If untreated it has a progressive course and may lead to death.


thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.


regulation of eosinophil activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.


viral RNA genome packaging

The packaging of viral RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) into a nucleocapsid.


vertebral bone 2

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column.


response to diuretic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


vascular dementia

A degenerative vascular disorder affecting the brain. It is caused by the blockage of the blood supply to the brain. It is manifested with decline of memory and cognitive functions.


positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


Abnormal platelet aggregation

An abnormality in the rate and degree to which platelets aggregate after the addition of an agonist that stimulates platelet clumping. Platelet aggregation is measured using aggregometer to measure the optical density of platelet-rich plasma, whereby platelet aggregation causes the plasma to become more transparent.


proximal renal tubular acidosis

Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is a tubular kidney disease characterized by impaired ability of the proximal tubule to reabsorb bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate leading to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.


dUDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate).


medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 6 to 12 carbons.


guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor.


leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding

Binding to an leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.


nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I

The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


Hyporeflexia

Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.


guanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


NMDA glutamate receptor clustering

The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


intertrigo

A superficial dermatitis occurring on skin surfaces in contact with each other, such as the axillae, neck creases, intergluteal fold, between the toes, etc. Obesity is a predisposing factor. The condition is caused by moisture and friction and is characterized by erythema, maceration, burning, and exudation.


regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


SREBP-SCAP-Insig complex

A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and an Insig protein (Insig-1 or Insig-2) in the ER membrane.


pyrimidine nucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


cyanate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


acute cholecystitis

Acute inflammation of the gallbladder.


negative regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.


positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH.


13-prostaglandin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)H + H+ -> 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)+. This reaction is the reduction of 15-keto-prostaglandin.


lung goblet cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins.


pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.


polymyositis

A rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by symmetric proximal muscle weakness and elevated muscle enzymes.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


Chemical injury

Damage to body tissue caused by exposure to a chemical substance.


alpha-1A adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to an alpha-1A adrenergic receptor.


somatotropin secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


amino-acid betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


sweat gland neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the sweat glands.


Angular cheilitis

A type of inflammation of the lips involving one or both of the corners of the mouth.


U5 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule.


regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.


prevention of polyspermy

The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg.


perturbation by virus of host apoptosis

A process in which a viral gene product affects host apoptosis, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


Incisional hernia

An abdominal hernia that occurs at a site of weakness in the abdominal wall resulting from an incompletely-healed surgical wound.


inorganic phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a inorganic phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population.


oxidized DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized residue.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Lung Injury

Damage to the lung from traumatic or pathologic processes.


regulation of cohesin loading

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


male orgasm disorder

Persistent delay or absence in orgasm not accounted for by a medical reason.


ATPase-coupled lipid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipid(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipid(out).


Hypoactive bowel sounds

An decreased amount of bowel sounds.


negative regulation of NAD metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.


glycerol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of glycerol across a membrane. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


megacolon

An abnormal dilation of the colon not due to obstruction.


pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch

The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).


regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


Blood thyroid stimulating hormone decreased


S-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


hair cycle phase

The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


oxamniquine

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.


tracheal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the trachea. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include congenital malformations and infection. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma and lymphoma.


atrial septum secundum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.


cardiac left ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


cholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.


interleukin-23 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-23 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.


maternal aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.


integrin alpha4-beta7 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta7 subunit.


beta-catenin destruction complex binding

Binding to a beta-catenin destruction complex.


G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation

A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.


HECT domain binding

Binding to a HECT, 'Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxy-Terminus', domain of a protein.


endothelial cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of an endothelial cell to another endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


retrobulbar neuritis

Optic neuritis that occurs in the section of the optic nerve located behind the eyeball.


L-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


calcium ion-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(in).


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


mycobacterium avium complex disease

An infection that is caused by Mycobacterium avium.


Obstruction of colon

Blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the colon.


interleukin-5 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cannabinoid receptor activity

Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown cause characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs.


polyamine transport

The directed movement of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


G-quadruplex RNA binding

Binding to a G-quadruplex RNA structure, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad.


response to norepinephrine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


purine nucleobase binding

Binding to a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.


Edema of the dorsum of hands

An abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin on the back of the hands.


spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


CTP salvage

Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


prolactin secretion

The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.


positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


apical constriction

The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.


visceral serous pericardium development

The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O + NADP+ = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + H+ + NADPH.


perineuronal net

A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain.


vasopressin receptor binding

Binding to a vasopressin receptor.


osteosclerosis

Abnormally high bone density.


G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cholecystokinin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by cholecystokinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ketosteroid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + progesterone = H2O + NADP+ + testosterone acetate.


MCM8-MCM9 complex

A hexameric protein complex composed of MCM8 and MCM9 and involved in homologous recombination repair following DNA interstrand cross-links.


anogenital human papillomavirus infection

A sexually transmitted papillary growth caused by the human papillomavirus. It usually arises in the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia.


trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis

The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.


selenide, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydrogen selenide = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + selenophosphorate.


transposase activity

Catalysis of the transposition of transposable elements or transposons. Transposases are involved in recombination required for transposition and are site-specific for the transposon/transposable element.


myocardial disorder

A disorder that affects the muscle tissue of the heart. Representative examples include myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy.


U2AF complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of conserved large and small U2AF subunits that contributes to spliceosomal RNA splicing by binding to consensus sequences at the 3' splice site. U2AF is required to stabilize the association of the U2 snRNP with the branch point.


nitric oxide binding

Binding to nitric oxide (NO).


receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell

Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.


transcription factor TFIIIB complex

A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.


Skin Induration

An area of hardness in the skin. Causes include inflammatory process and infiltration of the skin by malignant neoplasms.


Hypereosinophilia

A severely increased count of eosinophils in the blood defined as a blood eosinophil count of at least 1.5 billion cells per liter.


ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.


Neoplasm of the genitourinary tract

A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genitourinary system.


translation release factor activity, codon specific

A translation release factor that is specific for one or more particular termination codons; acts at the ribosomal A-site and require polypeptidyl-tRNA at the P-site.


release from viral latency

The process by which a virus begins to replicate following a latency replication decision (switch).


Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies

An abnormality of the musculoskeletal system that is present at birth or detected in the neonatal period.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl-branched fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with methyl branches on the main chain.


endomitotic cell cycle

A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.


endocardial cushion cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.


activation of meiosis

Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis.


mitochondrial ribosome binding

Binding to a mitochondrial ribosome.


rescue of stalled ribosome

A process of translational elongation that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, and results in freeing the ribosome from the stalled translation complex.


ureter maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.


Localised intraabdominal fluid collection


actin filament uncapping

The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


histone deacetylase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of histone deacetylase, which catalyzes of the removal of acetyl groups from histones, proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.


regulation of timing of neuron differentiation

The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.


diabetic peripheral angiopathy

Diabetic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy associated with diabetic complications.


ascending aorta development

The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


Pharyngeal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the pharynx.


ADP-sugar diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-sugar + H2O = AMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


bronchus cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


negative regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


cleavage body

A nuclear body that contains proteins involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, such as DDX1, CSTF2 and CPSFs, as well as the transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF. Cleavage bodies are localized adjacent to Cajal bodies and are involved in mRNA3'-end processing.


glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation

A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase.


nocardiosis

Nocardiosis is a local (skin, lung, brain) or disseminated (whole body) acute, subacute, or chronic bacterial infection.


complement component C4b binding

Binding to a C4b product of the classical complement cascade.


ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


negative regulation of defense response to virus by host

Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


chronic diarrheal disease

Chronic form of diarrheal disease.


nuclear export signal receptor activity

Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of a the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the nuclear lumen to the cytoplasm. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


Feeling calm

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration

The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another that contributes to the migration of mesendodermal tissue.


trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is a nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face. The pain lasts a few seconds to a few minutes, and usually on only one side of the face. It can also cause muscle spasms in the face the same time as the pain. The pain may result from a blood vessel pressing against the trigeminal nerve (the nerve that carries pain, feeling, and other sensations from the brain to the skin of theface), as a complication of multiple sclerosis, or due to compression of the nerve by a tumor or cyst. In some cases, the cause is unknown. Treatment options include medicines, surgery, and complementary approaches.


spondylitis

The inflammation of a vertebra.


positive regulation of anterior head development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


RES complex

A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.


IkappaB kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein.


phimosis

A condition in which there is constriction in the tip of the foreskin resulting in inability to fully retract the foreskin over the glans penis. Causes include balanoposthitis, balanitis xerotica obliterans, and untreated diabetes.


typhoid fever

A bacterial infectious disorder contracted by consumption of food or drink contaminated with Salmonella typhi. This disorder is common in developing countries and can be treated with antibiotics.


neurohypophysis development

The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


CHOP-ATF3 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus.


stereocilia ankle link complex

A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.


sweet taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble sweet compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


Unsteady gait

A shaky or wobbly manner of walking.


discharging ear

Discharge or drainage of fluid from the ear.


positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway.


protein deamination

The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.


regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


retinal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell.


sequence-specific mRNA binding

Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) of a specific nucleotide composition or a specific sequence motif.


RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex assembly

The formation of a large multiprotein-DNA complex that self-assembles on gene promoter through the sequential recruitment of the general initiation factors that compose the preinitiation complex (PIC) (which includes including UBF, SL1, RRN3 and TBP in human). The PIC engages RNA polymerase I on its DNA template strand and sparks polymerization of the first few RNA nucleotides.


bone regeneration

The regrowth of bone following its loss or destruction.


positive regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


Binding to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


Hyperalbuminemia

Elevation in the concentration of albumin in the blood.


negative regulation of cytokine activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


bronchiolitis

Inflammation of the bronchioles characterized by swelling of the bronchioles and mucus accumulation. It is usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus and affects children. Signs and symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.


positive regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.


interleukin-12 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.


acetylcholine transport

The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.


regulation of kinetochore assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of kinetochore assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a tRNA molecule.


cone cell pedicle

A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).


positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


benign neoplasm of pituitary gland

A benign neoplasm that involves the pituitary gland.


Hand tremor

An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement affecting the hand.


Renal Mass

An abnormal growth in the kidney.


ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.


GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding

Binding to a GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.


smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a smooth muscle cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


chain elongation of O-linked mannose residue

Extension of the O-linked mannose residue of a mannoprotein by the stepwise addition of further mannose molecules.


negative regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase A2 activity.


sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a sphingosine ceramide (aka (4E)-sphing-4-enine ceramide) + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.


Split nail

A nail plate that has a longitudinal separation and the two sections of the nail share the same lateral radius of curvature.


bombesin receptor activity

Combining with bombesin to initiate a change in cell activity.


pulmonary vein morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart.


regulation of phospholipid efflux

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.


negative regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


cellular response to potassium ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions.


enterobiasis

An infection that is caused by the nematode Enterobius vermicularis; it is characterized predominantly by perianal pruritus.


macrophage apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.


exo-alpha-(2->8)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


thyroid gland carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the thyroid gland. It is usually an adenocarcinoma and includes the following main subtypes: follicular, papillary, medullary, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic.


sulfur oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur.


negative regulation of presynaptic membrane organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.


pre-miRNA export from nucleus

Transport of pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Pre-miRNAs are a ~60-70 nucleotide stem loop intermediate in miRNA production, produced by the nuclear cleavage of a primary miRNA (pri-mRNA) transcript. Pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where further cleavage occurs to produce a mature miRNA product.


diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.


regulation of plasma lipoprotein oxidation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation, occurring in the blood plasma.


protein K29-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K29-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


vagus nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare and aggressive peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, belonging to the group of CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders, which affects lymph nodes and extranodal sites. It is comprised of two sub-types, based on the expression of a protein called anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK): ALK positive and ALK negative ALCL.


proximal/distal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


rhombomere 3 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


RNA nuclear export complex

A complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus and yeast, the export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin 1), the Ran protein and any RNA with a nuclear export sequence (NES). The complex acts to export RNA molecules with a NES from the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


Congenital malformation of genital organs


Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

A type of ventricular tachycardia that is characterized by uniform QRS complexes within each lead (i.e., each QRS is identical or nearly so).


neuroblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts.


Pneumatosis

The presence of gas in an anatomical location where it is not normally found.


regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation.


ciliary inversin compartment

Proximal part of the ciliary shaft to which the inversin protein (also called Inv) specifically localizes. The inversin compartment appears to have a different protein composition than the rest of the cilium, although there is no structure that separates it form the distal part of the cilium.


periventricular leukomalacia

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a brain injury disorder characterized by the death of the white matter of the brain due to softening of the brain tissue. It can affect fetuses or newborns, and premature babies are at the greatest risk of the disorder. PVL is caused by a lack of oxygen or blood flow to thearea around the ventricles of the brain, which results in the death of brain tissue. Although babies with PVL generally have no apparent signs or symptoms of the disorder at delivery, they are at risk for motor disorders, cerebral palsy, delayed mental development, coordination problems, and vision and hearing impairments. There is no cure for PVL. Treatment is generally supportive. Prognosis is dependent on the extent of damage to the ventricles.


prolactin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the peptide hormone prolactin to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Derlin-1-VIMP complex

A protein complex containing, in mammals, Derlin-1 and VCP-interacting membrane protein (VIMP). The complex links the p97/VCP-containing ATPase complex with Derlin-1 during translocation of protein substrates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol for degradation by the cytosolic proteasome.


dTMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).


keratoconus

A degenerative, structural disorder of the eye, characterized by a cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea. It may lead to visual disturbances.


ammonium homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ammonium.


oval window

The oval opening on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity leading into the vestibule, close to the foot of the stapes.


tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tricarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Tricarboxylic acid are organic acids with three COOH groups.


panuveitis

A disorder characterized by inflammation of the entire uvea which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Causes include systemic infections, sarcoidosis, and cancers.


polyprenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


nerve growth factor receptor activity

Combining with nerve growth factor (NGF), to prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, or to initiate a change in cell activity.


kidney cortex necrosis

Death of cells in the kidney cortex, a common final result of various renal injuries including hypoxia; ischemia; and drug toxicity.


regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.


tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine.


Factor XII activation

Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade.


regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of rDNA heterochromatin formation.


Labored Breathing

Breathing that requires observed effort or an increased amount of energy.


Abnormality of visual evoked potentials

An anomaly of visually evoked potentials (VEP), which are electrical potentials, initiated by brief visual stimuli, which are recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex.


antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a polysaccharide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


adherens junction maintenance

The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


placental abruption

Vaginal bleeding preceding the 20th week of gestation.


chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

A myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm which is characterized by persistent monocytosis, absence of a Philadelphia chromosome and BCR/ABL fusion gene, fewer than 20 percent blasts in the bone marrow and blood, myelodysplasia, and absence of PDGFRA or PDGFRB rearrangement.


optic nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-R = GDP + alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.


stereocilium membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a stereocilium.


RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); uses an RNA template, i.e. the catalysis of RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time.


hypothalamic tangential migration using cell-axon interactions

The movement of a hypothalamic neuronal precursor tangentially through the forebrain using an interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.


malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl (HOOC-CH2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


clathrin coat disassembly

The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.


C-terminal protein methylation

The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


biliverdin reductase (NAD(P)+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+.


Recurrent infections

Increased susceptibility to infections.


positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process involved in cellular response to hypoxia

Any positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process that is involved in a cellular response to hypoxia.


cellular response to interleukin-13

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.


oxidative single-stranded DNA demethylation

Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a single-stranded DNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.


adrenal cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The adrenal cortex is located at the periphery of the adrenal gland and controls glucose and electrolyte metabolism, response to stress and sexual development through the production of different classes of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens).


negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


oncostatin-M receptor activity

Combining with oncostatin-M and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.


dITP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dITP + H2O = dIMP + H+ + diphosphate.


positive regulation of response to food

Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus.


positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


scaRNA localization to Cajal body

A process in which a small Cajal body-specific RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine = L-glutamate + pyruvate.


Muscular ventricular septal defect

The trabecular septum is the largest part of the interventricular septum. It extends from the membranous septum to the apex and superiorly to the infundibular septum. A defect in the trabecular septum is called muscular VSD if the defect is completely rimmed by muscle.


regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


Hypophagia

Reduced ingestion of food.


positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


Aplastic bone marrow

Depletion of stem cells in the bone marrow that results in the lack of production of hematopoietic cells.


negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.


positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.


glucose-6-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. D-glucopyranose is also known as D-glucose 6-phosphate.


Leriche syndrome

An atherosclerotic disorder of the peripheral vascular system affecting mostly males in their later decades. It is caused by thrombotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta just above the level of the bifurcation. Clinical signs include impotence, intermittent claudication, diminished femoral pulses and cold, pallid lower extremities. Prognosis is favorable with surgical or endovascular intervention.


astrocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


negative regulation of protein tetramerization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.


neutrophil clearance

The selective elimination of senescent neutrophils from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms.


glyoxylate cycle

A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.


tetanus

A serious infectious disorder that follows wound contamination by the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium tetani. The bacteria produce a neurotoxin called tetanospasmin, which causes muscle spasm in the jaw and other anatomic sites.


external ear disorder

A disease involving the external ear.


regulation of dendritic spine maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.


Ventricular flutter

A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia characterized by an extremely rapid, hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (150-300 beats/min) with a large oscillating sine-wave appearance.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


Retinoic acid syndrome

A syndrome observed in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid. It is characterized by weight gain, dyspnea, pleural and pericardial effusions, leukocytosis, and renal failure.


Electromechanical dissociation

An electrocardiographic finding of the presence of cardiac electrical rhythm without a proper response of the myocardial tissue and mechanical cardiac output.


epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in prostate gland development

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted and contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


negative regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.


Swi5-Sfr1 complex

A conserved DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains two Swi5 monomers and one Sfr1 monomer in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Sae3p and Mei5p in Saccharomyces).


N-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal glutamic acid of proteins to form the derivate acetyl-glutamic acid.


epidermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.


toxoplasmosis

A parasitic disease contracted by the ingestion or fetal transmission of toxoplasma gondii.


negative regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that decreases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


Fractured hand bones

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in the hand.


negative regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


epididymo-orchitis

A disorder involving inflammation of the epididymis and testes.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate.


regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


kininogen binding

Binding to a kininogen, a kinin precursor.


UMP/dUMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)UMP = ADP + (d)UDP.


RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex

A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that contains the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and at least three TBP-associated factors including proteins known in mammals as TAFI110, TAFI63 and TAFI48.


Buttock pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the buttock (round fleshy area at the lower rear area of a human trunk).


positive regulation of Schwann cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.


inositol tetrakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = inositol pentakisphosphate + ADP.


Lhermitte's sign

An electric shock-like sensation that occurs on flexion of the neck. This sensation radiates down the spine, often into the legs, arms, and sometimes to the trunk.


anterior cerebral artery

One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis.


esophagus smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the esophagus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The esophagus is the muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract.


Abnormal prothrombin time

Any deviation from the normal amount of time to coagulation in the prothrombin time test, which is a measure of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The results of the prothrombin time test are often expressed in terms of the International normalized ratio (INR), which is calculated as a ratio of the patient's prothrombin time (PT) to a control PT standardized for the potency of the thromboplastin reagent developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the formula: INR is equal to Patient PT divided by Control PT.


Acetabular dysplasia

A smaller than normal acetabulum that has insufficient femoral head coverage leading to abnormal hip joint contact pressures, instability and pain.


positive regulation of non-motile cilium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.


L-leucine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-leucine = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamatic acid.


benign neoplasm of brain

A benign neoplasm that involves the brain.


ureter urothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter.


positive regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.


cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.


plantar wart

A wart in the plantar surface of the foot. It is caused by human papillomavirus.


mammary gland specification

The regionalization process in which the mammary line is specified. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.


threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.


MutSalpha complex

A heterodimer involved in the recognition and repair of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH6.


immune response to tumor cell

An immune system process that functions in the response of an organism to a tumor cell.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + Na+(out) = sulfate(in) + Na+(in).


extension of a leading process involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that result in the extension of a leading process, where this process is involved in the movement of cells along radial glial cells.


polyp of gallbladder

A polyp that involves the gall bladder.


ER to Golgi ceramide transport

The directed movement of a ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.


regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.


Antepartum hemorrhage

Significant maternal hemorrhage/bleed in the second half of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby.


sinoatrial node cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.


nuclear pore central transport channel

The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


ischemic neuropathy

Neuropathy that is caused by inadequate blood supply.


humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

Hypercalcemia generally develops as a late complication of malignancy; its appearance has grave prognostic significance. It remains unclear, however, whether death is associated with hypercalcemic crisis (uncontrolled or recurrent progressive hypercalcemia) or with advanced disease. Symptoms include central nervous system impairment such as delirium with prominent symptoms of personality change, cognitive dysfunction, disorientation, incoherent speech, and psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, smooth muscle hypotonicity, and altered cardiovascular function.


cerebellum structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


complex partial epilepsy

A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and automatism may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)


acetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid.


macular holes

A hole in the macula of the retina.


adiponectin binding

Binding to adiponectin, a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid catabolism.


lateral element assembly

The cell cycle process in which lateral elements are formed. Axial elements form a proteinaceous core between the two sister chromatids of each chromosome; the two axial elements then connect along their entire lengths by fine fibers known as transverse filaments, forming the lateral elements.


dacryocystitis

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.


cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment

Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.


Tongue Carcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium that covers the tongue.  The vast majority of tongue carcinomas are moderately or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas.


polyprenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.


definitive erythrocyte differentiation

Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.


ubiquitin-dependent glycoprotein ERAD pathway

An ERAD pathway whereby endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glycoproteins are targeted for degradation. Includes differential processing of the glycoprotein sugar chains, retrotranslocation to the cytosol and degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. A glycoprotein is a compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component.


granuloma formation

The formation of nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, well-structured, and containing compactly grouped T lymphocytes and modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents. The center of a granuloma consists of fused macrophages, which can become necrotic.


Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis

Chronic inflammation of the kidney affecting the interstitium of the kidneys surrounding the tubules.


cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The movement of a cell along the process of a radial glial cell involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.


negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the RIG-I signaling pathway.


diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid.


Acute encephalopathy

A life-threatening disorder characterized by delirium, seizures, and neuromuscular changes.


hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow

The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell into the bone marrow, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments in that microenvironment. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.


Capillary fragility

Reduced resistance to rupture of capillary blood vessels. Capillary fragility may manifest as a bleeding diathesis with spontaneous ecchymoses (bruises).


Long term memory impairment

A deficit in the ability to retrieve information from long-term memory, which can be defined as a seemingly unlimited capacity to store memories can last years and relate to the performance of actions or skills (i.e., procedural memories, knowing how) and memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events (i.e., declarative memories, knowing that).


detection of glucose

The series of events in which a glucose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.