trans-epoxysuccinate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate + H2O = (2R,3S)-tartrate.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-3,4-oxide + H2O = trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an aldehyde.


cutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

An undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma arising from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells in a storiform pattern and histiocytes with abundant cytoplasm.


anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney

A rare tumor, usually occurring in young adults (mean age 12 years) with slight female predominance. It is characterized by a proliferation of anaplastic spindle cells with bizarre, pleomorphic nuclei and atypical mitotic figures. Most cases show chondroid differentiation.


autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2Q

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2Q (LGMD2Q) is a form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by proximal muscle weakness presenting in early childhood (with occasional falls and difficulties in climbing stairs) and a progressive course resulting in loss of ambulation in early adulthood. Muscle atrophy and multiple contractures have also been reported in rare cases.


Barrett Esophagus-Indefinite for Dysplasia

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A finding indicating the presence of Barrett esophagus in which technical reasons make the interpretation of atypia difficult, atypia is present but it is not quite to the level of dysplasia, or atypia is present at the bases of the crypts but does not reach the surface of the crypts.


Gastrointestinal dysplasia

A finding indicating the presence of morphologic features of neoplasia in the epithelium of any part of the digestive system without evidence of invasion.  These features include architectural and cytological epithelial alterations.


High Grade Dysplasia in Ulcerative Colitis

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of high grade colorectal epithelial dysplasia secondary to ulcerative colitis.


Moderate dysplasia of colon

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of moderate dysplastic cellular changes and moderate architectural changes in the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion.


Barrett Esophagus-Negative for Dysplasia

A finding indicating the presence of Barrett esophagus with regenerative changes only.


Barretts esophagus with high grade dysplasia

A finding indicating the presence of Barrett esophagus in which there is marked nuclear pleomorphism and loss of polarity, increased number of atypical mitotic figures, and crypt budding, branching, and crowding.


Crohn Disease-Associated Dysplasia of the Colorectum

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplastic epithelial changes in an intestinal tissue sample that is affected by Crohn disease.


Negative for Gastric Dysplasia

A morphologic finding indicating the absence of dysplastic changes in the gastric mucosal epithelium.  It includes non-neoplastic inflammatory, reactive, or metaplastic pathologic processes.


Low Grade Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of low grade colorectal epithelial dysplasia secondary to inflammatory bowel disease.


Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Dysplasia of the Colorectum

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplastic epithelial changes in a large intestinal tissue sample that is affected by ulcerative colitis.


Mild dysplasia of colon

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of mild dysplastic cellular changes and mild architectural changes in the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion.


Barretts esophagus with dysplasia

Epithelial dysplasia that develops in Barrett esophagus. It is classified as low or high grade. When technical reasons make the interpretation of atypia difficult, atypia is present but it is not quite to the level of dysplasia, or atypia is present at the bases of the crypts but does not reach the surface of the crypts, then the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus-indefinite for dysplasia is made.


Low Grade Dysplasia in Ulcerative Colitis

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of low grade colorectal epithelial dysplasia secondary to ulcerative colitis.


Gastric dysplasia

A intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia) that arises in either the native gastric mucosa or in metaplastic gastric epithelium.  It has a flat, polypoid or slightly depressed growth pattern.  It is graded as low grade (mild dysplasia) or high grade (moderate dysplasia and carcinoma in situ).  (WHO, 2000)


Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Dysplasia of the Colorectum

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of colorectal epithelial dysplasia secondary to inflammatory bowel disease.


Barretts esophagus with low grade dysplasia

A finding indicating the presence of Barrett esophagus in which the crypts are preserved or mildly distorted.  There is nuclear elongation, mild pleomorphism and loss of polarity, mucin depletion, and increased number of mitotic figures.


Moderate dysplasia of rectum

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of moderate dysplastic cellular changes and moderate architectural changes in the glandular epithelium of the rectal mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion.


Esophageal Columnar Dysplasia

A morphologic finding the replacement of the normal lower esophagus squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium.


Dysplasia of rectum

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplastic glandular epithelial cells in the rectal mucosa.  There is no evidence of invasion.


High Grade Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of high grade colorectal epithelial dysplasia secondary to inflammatory bowel disease.


Liver Dysplastic Foci

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of single or multiple foci of hepatocytes that exhibit dysplastic changes.  These microscopic foci measure less than 1 mm in diameter and are usually detected in cirrhotic livers.


Indefinite for Gastric Dysplasia

A term used to describe an ambiguous morphologic pattern in the gastric mucosa, when there is doubt whether the findings represent a non-neoplastic or neoplastic pathologic process.


Mild dysplasia of rectum

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of mild dysplastic cellular changes and mild architectural changes in the glandular epithelium of the rectal mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion.


Moderate esophageal dysplasia

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of moderate dysplastic cellular changes and moderate architectural changes in the epithelium of the esophageal mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystine + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + thiocysteine. Thiocysteine is also known as cysteine persulfide.


peroxisome biogenesis disorder 7B

An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the PEX26 gene, encoding peroxisome assembly protein 26. Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 7B is characterized by overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy and infantile Refsum disease.


dioctophymiasis

A disease caused by infection with Dioctophyme renale.


Enoplea infectious disease

Infections with nematodes of the order enoplida.


trichuriasis

An infection that is caused by the nematode Trichuris trichiura, a soil-transmitted helminth, which is transmitted via food and/or water contaminated with the eggs of the worm. Symptoms are usually mild and include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and possibly anemia secondary to blood loss in diarrhea.


trichinellosis

A zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat (pork and wild game) infected by nematodes of the genus Trichinella and that is characterized by an enteral (intestinal) phase, that can be asymptomatic or that can manifests with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, and a parenteral (muscular) phase, manifesting with fever, periorbital edema, muscle swelling and pain, weakness, and in some cases, skin rash and peripheral edema. Rarely, potentially fatal cardiac (i.e. myocarditis), pulmonary (i.e. pneumonitis, respiratory failure), and nervous system (i.e. meningoencephalitis) complications may occur.


capillariasis

A infectious disease involving the Capillaria.


Trichinella spiralis infectious disease

An disease or disorder caused by infection with Trichinella spiralis.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


heterotaxy, visceral, 10, autosomal, with male infertility


disulfoglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2),6-disulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H+ + sulfate.


malignant central nervous system mesenchymal, non-meningothelial neoplasm

A metastasizing mesenchymal, non-meningothelial neoplasm that arises from the central nervous system.


central nervous system melanocytic neoplasm

A primary tumor of the central nervous system that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes. It may present as a diffuse proliferative leptomeningeal process (often as a component of the neurocutaneous melanosis complex) or as a distinct mass lesion.


central nervous system extraskeletal osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma arising from the brain or spinal cord.


diencephalic cancer

A cancer involving a diencephalon.


meningeal melanomatosis

A meningeal melanoma with secondary diffuse meningeal spread. (WHO)


rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 2

Any familial rhabdoid tumor in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SMARCA4 gene.


cerebral sarcoma

A sarcoma involving a telencephalon.


cerebral lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the cerebral hemispheres as a primary lesion.


primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant

A brain sarcoma that is composed of malignant pleomorphic or spindle neoplastic cells typically demonstrating myogenic and/or chondroid differentiation. Cytoplasmic eosinophilic globules and myxoid stroma formation are usually present. It is associated with mutations in the DICER1 gene.


meningeal sarcoma

A rare sarcoma arising from the meninges.


malignant leptomeningeal tumor

A primary or metastatic malignant tumor involving the leptomeninges.


anaplastic meningioma

A WHO grade III meningioma characterized by the presence of malignant morphologic features, including malignant cytology and a very high mitotic index (20 or more mitoses per ten high power fields).


skin meningioma

A meningioma (disease) that involves the zone of skin.


parasagittal meningioma

A meningioma that affects the superior sagittal sinus and invades the parasagittal angle.


choroid plexus meningioma

A meningioma that affects the choroid plexus.


intraventricular meningioma

A meningioma that affects the ventricles of the brain.


spinal meninges cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the meninx of spinal cord.


primary melanoma of the central nervous system

A melanoma that affects the central nervous system. It is characterized by pleomorphism, melanin pigmentation, a high mitotic rate, necrosis, and hemorrhage. It is a highly aggressive and radioresistant tumor. The prognosis is usually poor.


pineal gland cancer

Abnormal malignant growth of the cells that comprise the pineal parenchyma.


adult leptomeningeal melanoma

A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes and occurs in adulthood.


cerebral hemisphere cancer

A cancer that involves the cerebral hemisphere.


childhood brain stem neoplasm

A neoplasm that affects the brain stem and occurs during childhood.


cerebellopontine angle embryonal tumor

A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified arising from the cerebellopontine angle of the infratentorial brain.


lateral ventricle meningioma

A meningioma that affects the lateral ventricle of the brain.


primary skin meningioma

A rare extracranial meningioma that arises from the skin.


malignant carotid body paraganglioma

A carotid body paraganglioma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


brainstem cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the brain stem.


meningeal melanocytoma

A usually well differentiated melanocytic neoplasm arising from the meninges. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid, fusiform, polyhedral, and spindle melanocytes without evidence of hemorrhage, necrosis, or high mitotic activity. Presenting symptoms include headache, vomiting, and neurological manifestations. Complete excision is usually curative.


paragangliomas 5

Any paraganglioma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SDHA gene.


frontal convexity meningioma

A meningioma that affects the frontal sulcus.


infratentorial cancer

Malignant neoplasms which arise or occur within the intracranial cavity below the tentorium cerebelli. This includes neoplasms within the brain and/or surrounding spaces.


central nervous system sarcoma

A sarcoma that arises from the central nervous system.


cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor

A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified arising from the cerebral hemispheres.


cancer of cerebellum

A cancer that involves the cerebellum.


intracranial extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma

An extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma arising from the structures within the cranium.


intracerebral cystic meningioma

A cystic meningioma that grows within the cerebral hemispheres.


cerebral ventricle cancer

A neoplasm that involves a brain ventricle. It may be a primary neoplasm arising from a brain ventricle, a metastasis from a distant anatomic site, or an extension of an invasive neoplasm from an adjacent brain structure.


thalamic cancer

A cancer involving a dorsal plus ventral thalamus.


parietal lobe cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the parietal lobe


cerebral convexity meningioma

A meningioma that affects the cerebral sulcus.


pituitary cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the pituitary gland. Representative examples include functioning or non-functioning carcinomas arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, chordomas, chondrosarcomas, and metastatic carcinomas from the breast, lung, and gastrointestinal tract.


leptomeningeal sarcoma

A sarcoma arising from the leptomeninges.


brain sarcoma

A sarcoma arising from the brain.


diffuse meningeal melanocytosis

A diffuse or multifocal proliferation of uniform nevoid polygonal cells in the leptomeninges. Cells may spread into the Virchow-Robin spaces without frank invasion of the brain. Diffuse melanocytosis carries a poor prognosis even in the absence of histologic malignancy. (WHO)


cerebral meningioma

A meningioma that affects the cerebral hemispheres.


leptomeningeal melanoma

A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes.


malignant jugulotympanic paraganglioma

A jugulotympanic paraganglioma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


sarcomatosis of the meninges

A rare condition characterized by diffuse spread of sarcoma cells throughout the meninges. The neoplastic cells are derived from meningeal connective tissue. Clinically, this disorder may present as a fulminant pachymeningitis and/or encephalitis.


central nervous system angiosarcoma

A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the brain, spinal cord or meninges.


choroid plexus cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the choroid plexus


paragangliomas 4

Any paraganglioma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SDHB gene.


malignant tumor of meninges

A cancer that involves the meningeal cluster.


central nervous system leiomyosarcoma

An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


paragangliomas 2

Any paraganglioma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SDHAF2 gene.


pediatric leptomeningeal melanoma

A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes and occurs in childhood.


central nervous system Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor

A rare Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor that affects the central nervous system either as a primary dural neoplasm or by direct extension from adjacent soft tissues or bone.


retinitis pigmentosa 27

Any retinitis pigmentosa in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NRL gene.


Stage I Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v8


Rhino-Deadlock-Cutoff Complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Protein complex found in Drosophila consisting of the gene products of cuff, del and rhi. It regulates the licensing of transcription of dual-strand PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA) source loci by binding to dual-strand-cluster chromatin, probably via the H3K9me3-binding activity of Rhi. Rhi binding brings the putative termination cofactor Cuff in close proximity to the nascent piRNA precursor transcript which it appears to protect from degradation.


Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease axonal type 2S

Any Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the IGHMBP2 gene.


positive regulation of cortical granule exocytosis by positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cortical granule exocytosis by directing movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.


negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


negative regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.


negative regulation of constitutive secretory pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.


positive regulation of dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.


positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.


regulation of exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to postsynaptic membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles into the postsynaptic membrane.


positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

Any process in which an organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism.


induction of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The induction of synaptic vesicle release by any process that leads to a rise in intracellular calcium ion concentration at the presynapse. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.


regulation of dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.


regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism. Mast cell degranulation is the regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.


regulation of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis.


positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.


negative regulation of exocyst assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of exocyst assembly.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle priming

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


positive regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.


negative regulation of basophil degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.


negative regulation of exosomal secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.


regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.


regulation of basophil degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.


positive regulation of constitutive secretory pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.


regulation of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis.


positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.


positive regulation of basophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.


negative regulation of dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart induction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to heart induction.


kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the kidney.


Stage III Intermediate Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


variola minor infection

A orthopoxvirus that causes a milder clinical syndrome than smallpox.


Timothy syndrome type 2

Classical Timothy syndrome without cutaneous syndactyly.


long QT syndrome 9

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CAV3 gene.


Timothy syndrome type 1

Classical Timothy syndrome with cutaneous syndactyly.


long QT syndrome 10

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SCN4B gene.


Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome 1

Any Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNQ1 gene.


long QT syndrome 6

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNE2 gene.


Timothy syndrome, atypical type

Atypical form of Timothy syndrome, causes a more severe form of long QT syndrome and a greater risk of arrhythmia and sudden death.


Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome 2

Any Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNE1 gene.


long QT syndrome 13

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KCNJ5 gene.


long QT syndrome 15

Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CALM2 gene.


Timothy syndrome, classic type

Classic form of Timothy syndrome, includes all features of generic.


ectopia lentis 2, isolated, autosomal recessive

An isolated ectopia lentis that has material basis in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ADAMTSL4 gene on chromosome 1q21.


Stage IIIC Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: T4, Any N, M0.  T4: Tumor is not resectable due to extensive invasion of ocular, orbital, craniofacial structures, or brain.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2b-c, T3, N0, M0: T2b: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension with invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. T2c: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension involving the full thickness of the eyelid. T3: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm but 30 mm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage 0 Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1, M0.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor more than 20 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, any tumor that invades adjacent ocular or orbital structures.  Or, any T with perineural tumor invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IC Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IC includes: T2b, N0, M0.  T2b: Tumor more than 10 mm, but not more than 20 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, tumor involves full thickness of the eyelid.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring more than 3 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: T1, N0, M0; IB: T2a, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 10 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension without invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Basal cell carcinoma of eyelid

A basal cell carcinoma that arises from the eyelid.


Stage IIIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Tumor more than 5 mm, but not more than 10 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, any tumor that invades the tarsal plate or eyelid margin.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Any eyelid carcinoma invading adjacent ocular, orbital, or facial structures. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Eyelid Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of eyelid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to all primary carcinomas of the eyelid, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sebaceous carcinoma, and other rare carcinomas, such as all varieties of sweat gland carcinoma (e.g., eccrine carcinoma). It does not apply to carcinomas of the head and neck with direct extension to eyelid (are staged according to the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck), Merkel cell carcinomas of the eyelid (are staged according to the classification for Merkel cell carcinomas), and melanomas of the eyelid (are staged according to the classification for melanomas of the skin).  (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage 0 Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Complete tumor resection requires enucleation, exenteration, or bone resection.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Eyelid Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of eyelid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 5 mm or less in greatest dimension.  No invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T2b-c, T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension with invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. T2c: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension involving the full thickness of the eyelid. T3: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm but 30 mm or less in greatest dimension. T4: Any eyelid carcinoma invading adjacent ocular, orbital, or facial structures. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: Any T, N1, M0; IIIB: Any T, N2, M0. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring more than 3 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension without invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 10 mm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mitochondrial RNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs that takes place in the mitochondrion.


cytosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


lncRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lncRNAs, non-coding RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length.


acrylonitrile catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.


riboflavin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


chlorophyll catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, into less complex products.


2-nitropropane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor.


deoxyguanosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


citrulline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


cytoplasmic polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the cytoplasm and resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA truncated degradation intermediate.


bilirubin conjugation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide or bilirubin diglucuronide, water-soluble derivatives of bilirubin.


cytoplasmic polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the cytoplasm and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA truncated degradation intermediate.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent CUT catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a cryptic unstable transcript (CUT), initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target CUT.


maternal mRNA clearance

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the clearance of maternal mRNA transcripts from the zygote as part of the maternal-to-zygote transition in gene expression.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNP export

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly formed or aberrant nuclear mRNPs docked at the nuclear pore complex prior to export to the cytoplasm.


thiamine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.


pyridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.


thiamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


nitrate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.


uridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


flavin-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


antisense RNA transcript catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antisense transcripts, i.e. transcripts that were produced from the antisense strand of a gene that produces a gene product and which often have a regulatory effect on the transcription of that gene product.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snRNA.


thiamine diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


deoxyinosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


21U-RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.


nitrile catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.


coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

The breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole into simpler components in a process that requires coenzyme F420 and produces reactive nitrogen species. Hydride, from reduced coenzyme F420, is added to the bicyclic nitroimidazole, resulting in unstable substances that break down to form three stable products. The elimination of nitrous acid produces the corresponding des-nitroimidazole; hydrolysis produces a related compound; and further reduction creates an aromatic hydroxylamine metabolite that degrades further. These reactions release hyponitrous acid and nitrous acid, which is unstable and disproportionates into nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen intermediates.


pyridoxal phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


deoxycytidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


RNA fragment catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fragment of RNA, such as excised introns or sequences removed from ribosomal RNA during processing.


bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole.


pyridine nucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


aspyridone B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone B.


anaerobic purine nucleobase catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


atrazine catabolic process to cyanuric acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into cyanuric acid.


N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insecticide.


carnitine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


queuosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


glycine betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.


vitamin B6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


purine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


snRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snRNA, small nuclear RNA, low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.


L-proline betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


nonfunctional rRNA decay

An rRNA catabolic process that results in the targeted detection and degradation of aberrant rRNAs contained within translationally defective ribosomes, thereby acting as a quality-control system.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


hypoxanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


sno(s)RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins.


ureide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine to form fumarate. 2,5-dihydroxypyridine is dioxygenated to give maleamate and formate; the maleamate from this reaction is then converted to maleate, which is then isomerized to fumurate.


cyanide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.


thymidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


pteridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


heme B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine.


adenine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the 5 main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


aspyridone A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone A.


cyanogenic glycoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


bacteriochlorophyll catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


heme a catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


nitroimidazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.


corrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


siRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small interfering RNA transcripts (siRNAs).


polyuridylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end of the target mRNA.


mitochondrial ncRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) within the mitochondrion.


nuclear histone mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus.


cytoplasmic RNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.


pre-mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the unspliced pre-mRNA (pre-messenger RNA).


mitochondrial DNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitochondrial DNA.


isoquinoline alkaloid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snoRNA.


exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-independent decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay.


nitric oxide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


tRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant tRNAs.


carbazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.


s-triazine compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.


target-directed miRNA degradation

The process in which a miRNA is targeted for degradation by a non-coding RNA or mRNA. The binding of an RNA to a target miRNA within a RISC complex results in either ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AGO protein or the displacement of the 3' end of the miRNA, exposing it to nucleases.


5-methylcytosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


deoxyuridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


indole phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


siroheme catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


tetrahydrobiopterin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


cobalamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent antisense transcript catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an antisense transcript, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target antisense transcript.


guanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 5'-3'

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.


melatonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


atrazine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide.


mitochondrial mRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) within the mitochondrion.


cocaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


deoxyadenosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


cyanuric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanuric acid, a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides.


heme O catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


spina bifida cystica

A congenital abnormality in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


posterior meningocele

Posterior meningocele is a rare neural tube closure defect characterized by the herniation of a cerebrospinal fluid-filled sac, that is lined by dura and arachnoid mater, through a posterior spina bifida and covered by a layer of skin of variable thickness, which may be dysplastic or ulcerated. The spinal cord and nerves are generally not included and function normally, although sometimes a tethered cord may be associated. They are most commonly located in the lumbar or sacral region.


true myelomeningocele

A rare open neural tube defect characterized by no other malformation than myelomeningocele (spina bifida with a neural placode exposed at the top of a non-epidermised dysplasic meninges sac and Chiari II malformation).


hemi-myelomeningocele

A very rare form of composite dysraphism characterized by the presence of a split cord malformation and a myelomeningocele on one of the two hemicords. Hemicords can be in a single dural sac or in two separated dural sacs. Other spinal cord malformations can be associated. Due to the comparable prognosis it is considered as a subtype of myelomeningocele.


non-terminal myelocystocele

A rare closed spinal dysraphism characterized by myelocystocele located above the conus region. Also considered as a form of saccular limited dorsal myeloschisis.


papillary meningioma of the cerebellum

A papillary meningioma that affects the cerebellum.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Leiomyosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Uterine corpus leiomyosarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Dental Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the teeth and/or the periodontal tissues.  Representative examples include odontoma, enamel hypoplasia, and periodontitis.


Cemento-osseous dysplasia

A non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesion of the tooth-bearing regions of the gnathic bones. It is characterized by a variably cellular fibrous stroma with areas of swirling and/or loose collagen. Within the stroma are mineralizing tissues consisting of osteoid, bone, and cementum-like material. As the lesions mature, they become increasingly calcified. (WHO 2017)


acute pericementitis

An acute inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


suppurative periapical periodontitis

Localized collection of pus in the tissues that enclose the root of a tooth.


chronic periodontitis

A chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


Odontoma, Compound

A benign, slow growing, and painless hamartomatous tumor occurring in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It usually affects children and adolescents. It is characterized by the presence of tooth-like structures. Treatment consists of local excision. Recurrences have not been reported.


Periodontal infection

An infectious process affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


Dental disorders congenital

A non-neoplastic dental disorder that is present at birth.


Dental pain and sensation disorders

A term that refers to disorders that result in pain and abnormal sensation in the teeth and/or periodontal tissues.


florid cemento-osseous dysplasia

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare fibro-osseous lesion in the jaw that predominantly affects middle-aged women of African descent. It is generally asymptomatic or may manifest with pain and gingival swelling. Radiologically, it is characterized by multiple dense lobulated bone lesions, often symmetrically located in various regions of the jaw.


Dental and Periodontal Infection

An infectious process that affects the teeth and/or the periodontal tissues.


Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia

Cemento-osseous dysplasia affecting the apical areas of mandibular anterior teeth. (WHO 2017)


Chronic pericoronitis

Long-term inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a tooth, usually of an incompletely erupted tooth.


Dental Developmental Disorder

A disorder of the teeth arising during odontogenesis.


Dental Fistula

Localized collection of pus in the tissues that enclose the root of a tooth and is associated with the presence of a sinus tract.


Complex odontoma

A benign, slow growing, and painless hamartomatous tumor occurring in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It is one of the most common odontogenic tumors and it usually affects children, adolescents, and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of enamel and dentin and the absence of tooth-like structures. It is treated with local excision. If it is incompletely removed, it may recur.


Hypotensive Shock

Shock resulting from abnormally low blood pressure.


intracellular manganese ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of manganese ions within a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + H2O = beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + NH3.


left anterior basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder following transplant

A clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by destructive infiltration of lymph nodes and extranodal sites by a polymorphic B-cell infiltrate composed of small and medium sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, and plasma cells. In some cases, reduction of the immunosuppression therapy may lead to regression of the lesions. In other cases the lesions may progress to lymphoma.


Refractory Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


superior vesical artery

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An artery that supplies blood to the upper urinary bladder.


middle colic artery

The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers' breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted].


congenital hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy

A very rare syndrome characterized by sparse and short hair from birth followed by progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


renal interlobular vein

Any of the veins that parallel the interlobular arteries, receiving blood from the peritubular capillary plexus and empty into the arcuate veins.


renal venous blood vessel

Any member of the network of tubes that return blood from the renal tissues to the systemic circulation.


kidney arcuate vein

Any of the veins that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from the interlobular veins and straight venules, and terminate in the interlobar veins.


inner renal medulla vasa recta

A vasa recta that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


outer renal medulla vasa recta

A vasa recta that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


renal cortex vein

Artery that receives blood from the renal cortex[MP, modified].


MHC class Ib protein binding, via lateral surface

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules via the lateral surface.


Pathologic Stage IIIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T2, N3a, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T4a, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T2, N3, M0); (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4b, N2, M0); (T4b, N3, M0); (T4a, N3, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage 0 Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IVB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T1, N3b, M0); (T2, N3b, M0); (T3, N3a, M0); (T4a, N3a, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4b, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T3, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T4a, N1, N2, or N3, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIC Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N3b, M0); (T4a, N3b, M0); (T4b, N3a, M0); (T4b, N3b, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T1, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T2, N1, N2, or N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IVA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4b, Any N, M0): T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T1, N3a, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); IIB: (T1, N3a, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage IA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: (T1, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T1, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T2, N1, N2, or N3, M0); IIB: (T3, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4b, Any N, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T2, N3a, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1, N3b, M0); (T2, N3b, M0); (T3, N3a, M0); (T4a, N3a, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4b, N2, M0); IIIC: (T3, N3b, M0); (T4a, N3b, M0); (T4b, N3a, M0); (T4b, N3b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage 0 Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


polyazaalkane

Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen.


Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula Type C

A type of esophageal atresia (EA) / tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in which the upper segment of the esophagus ends in a blind pouch and the lower segment is connected to the trachea via a TEF. This is the most common type of EA/TEF, which accounts for approximately 85 percent of cases.


Childhood Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma

A sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma

A well-circumscribed malignant fibroblastic neoplasm that usually arises from the soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant epithelioid fibroblasts and sclerotic collagen stroma formation.


high-affinity inorganic phosphate:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: HPO42-(out) + Na+(out) = HPO42-(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


positive regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


Tracheoarterial Fistula

An erosion through the tracheal wall into an artery.


copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-copalyl diphosphate.


HLA-E specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


HLA-G specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-G subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


Testicular Myeloid Sarcoma

A rare myeloid sarcoma that arises from the testis. At presentation the involvement is usually unilateral.


Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, benign

A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor with benign histologic features.  It may recur locally but does not metastasize.  Complete excision is curative.


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 3


congenital vertebral-cardiac-renal anomalies syndrome


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 1


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 2


NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex

A heterodimer of NF-kappa B p50 and p65 subunits.


melatonin binding

Binding to melatonin.


androsterone dehydrogenase (A-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.


androsterone dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.


parakeratinized epithelium of gingiva

A parakeratinized epithelium that is part of a gingiva.


gingival epithelium

A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO].


positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.


age related macular degeneration 1

An age related macular degeneration associated with polymorphism in the hemicentin gene (HMCN1) on chromosome 1q25.3-q31.1.


negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.


negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.


negative regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.


negative regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.


negative regulation of post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of posttranslational protein translocation through the ER membrane.


negative regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane.


snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.


pollen tube reception

Interaction between the pollen tube, part of the male gametophyte, and the ovule, part of the female gametophyte, that results in the arrest of pollen tube growth, rupture of the pollen tube and the release of the sperm cells.


Jejunal Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the jejunum.


Jejunal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the jejunum.


gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity.


negative gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity.


positive gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards the source of gravity.


African histoplasmosis

An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii.


Histoplasma capsulatum infectious disease

An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


histoplasmosis meningitis

An infectious meningitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


histoplasmosis retinitis

An retinitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


macular corneal dystrophy

Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is a rare, severe form of stromal corneal dystrophy characterized by bilateral ill-defined cloudy regions within a hazy stroma, and eventually severe visual impairment.


gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDCD) is a form of superficial corneal dystrophy characterized by multiple prominent milky-white gelatinous nodules beneath the corneal epithelium, and marked visual impairment.


Mounier-Kuhn syndrome

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, also known as idiopathic tracheobronchomegaly, is a congenital disorder characterized by marked dilatation of the trachea and proximal bronchi that leads to impaired airway secretion clearance and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.


SHG alpha-glucan phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogenphosphate + a plant soluble heteroglycan = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + a plant soluble heteroglycan.


genochondromatosis type 1

Genochondromatosis is characterized by chondromatosis, typically involving the clavicles, upper end of the humerus, and lower end of the femur. Lesions are bilateral and symmetrical. It has been described four patients from the same family and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Another disorder, genochondromatosis II, shows strong similarities to genochondromatosis but is characterized by the involvement of the short tubular bones and by normal clavicles. It has been described in one unrelated family. Genochondromatosis II may also be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Genochondromatosis has a benign clinical course.


genochondromatosis type 2

Genochondromatosis type 2 is a rare genetic bone development disorder characterized by normal clavicles and symmetrical generalized metaphyseal enchondromas particularly in the distal femur, proximal humerus, and bones of the wrists, hands, and feet. Lesions regress later in life with growth cartilage obliteration. Clinical examination is normal and the course of the disease is benign.


protein pupylation

The process in which a Pup protein is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.


A 1-glycosyltriazole in which the glycosyl residue is specified as ribosyl.


sensory perception of slow pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction.


polyuridylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that has been modified by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end.


facial nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


Stage IV Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

An esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which has reappeared after a period of remission or after presumed treatment.


benign neoplasm of lacrimal gland

A benign neoplasm that involves the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the lacrimal gland.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing N-acetylmuramic residues.


ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint

Joint that articulates the ceratohyal and ventral hypohyal bones. Ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint is paired.


natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation.


negative regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


positive regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


Stargardt disease 4

Any Stargardt disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PROM1 gene.


all-trans-beta-apo-10'-carotenal cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + O2 = 13-apo-beta-carotenone + 4-methylocta-2,4,6-trienedial.


positive regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.


leading edge of dendritic growth cone

That part of the dendritic growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


Sporadic Cylindroma

A cylindroma occurring as a solitary sporadic lesion.


interleukin-13 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-13 receptor.


interleukin-20 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-20 receptor.


interleukin-11 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-11 receptor.


CX3C chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CX3C chemokine receptor.


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

Binding to a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.


XCR1 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a XCR1 chemokine receptor.


CCR6 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR6 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-17 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-17 receptor.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

Binding to a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor.


interleukin-26 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-26 receptor.


CXCR6 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR6 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-19 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-19 receptor.


interleukin-7 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-7 receptor.


interleukin-25 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-25 receptor.


interleukin-24 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-24 receptor.


interleukin-9 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-9 receptor.


CCR3 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR3 chemokine receptor.


CCR8 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR8 chemokine receptor.


CCR9 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR9 chemokine receptor.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding

Binding to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.


interleukin-17E receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-17E receptor.


CXCR2 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR2 chemokine receptor.


CXCR5 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR5 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-15 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-15 receptor.


interleukin-10 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-10 receptor.


CCR11 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR11 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-16 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-16 receptor.


interleukin-35 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-35 receptor.


interleukin-33 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-33 receptor.


CXCR1 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR1 chemokine receptor.


CCR4 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR4 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-28 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-28 receptor.


interleukin-18 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-18 receptor.


interleukin-21 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-21 receptor.


neurotrophin TRKC receptor binding

Binding to a neurotrophin TRKC receptor.


CXCR4 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR4 chemokine receptor.


arylalkyl acylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetylarylalkylamine = acetate + arylalkylamine.


positive regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.


protein-phycobiliviolin linkage via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine.


protein-phycobiliviolin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin.


neuron migration involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite of a neuron in the amphid sensory organ.


Closed fracture of mandible, multiple sites

A traumatic break in two or more places in the mandible that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Descending Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the descending colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to somitogenesis.


Elevated Alpha-Hydroxyglutarate

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of alpha-hydroxyglutarate in a sample.


neutral amino acid, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


metal cation:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: metal ion(in) + H+(out) = metal ion(out) + H+(in).


L-histidine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-histidine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-histidine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Mn2+(in) + H+(out) = Mn2+(out) + H+(in).


L-glutamine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of zinc from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + Zn2+(in) = H+(in) + Zn2+(out).


sodium:proton antiporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a cardiac muscle cell membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). This transfer contributes to the regulation of the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in).


L-asparagine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).


negative regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome

20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by psychomotor delay, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, anomalies of the hands and feet (clinodactyly, camptodactyly, brachydactyly, feet malposition), and craniofacial dysmorphism. Associated prenatal growth retardation, and gastrointestinal, heart and eye anomalies have been reported.


D-galacturonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


D-galacturonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid is a component of plant gums and bacterial cell walls.


D-galacturonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


Resectable Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


esophagus squamous epithelium

A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus.


negative regulation of primary miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.


positive regulation of miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.


positive regulation of pre-miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


positive regulation of primary miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.


urethral calculus

A concretion in the urethra.


retinitis pigmentosa 42

Any retinitis pigmentosa in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KLHL7 gene.


positive regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.


TDP-43 proteinopathy

Disease characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host chemokine signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a chemokine signaling pathway, a G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway activated by a chemokine. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cervicofacial actinomycosis

A form of actinomycosis characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses.


positive regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.