Stage III Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum. T4: Tumor involving local extrahepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chromophobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with smooth chromophobic cytoplasm, abrupt focal nuclear anaplasia, and scattered microscopic pseudocysts.


Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The reemergence of hepatocellular carcinoma after a period of remission


BCLC Stage A Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Refractory Liver Carcinoma

Liver carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVB Liver Cancer

Stage IVB carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th and 8th editions.


Metastatic PRETEX III Hepatoblastoma

PRETEX III hepatoblastoma with distant metastases. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Refractory Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Localized PRETEX II Hepatoblastoma

PRETEX II hepatoblastoma confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Metastatic carcinoma to liver

A carcinoma that has spread to the liver from another primary anatomic site.  Representative examples include metastatic carcinomas from the colon, breast, and lung.


Localized Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier 2

Tumor confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A low grade, well differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It lacks obvious stromal invasion and significant atypia.


Metastatic PRETEX IV Hepatoblastoma

PRETEX IV hepatoblastoma with distant metastases. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Liver Plasmacytoma

A plasmacytoma that arises in the liver.


Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


A rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of pleomorphic malignant cells that are intermixed with lymphocytes.


Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); IIIC: (Any T, Any N, M0).  IIIA: T3: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm or tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein(s).  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


PRETEXT II Hepatoblastoma

An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves 2 adjoining quadrants; 2 adjoining quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Stage IV Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage IVA includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor with periductal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Hepatoblastoma with Combined Fetal and Embryonal Epithelial Differentiation

A hepatoblastoma composed of cells resembling fetal epithelial cells and small round cells resembling blastema cells.


Rectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the rectum and has spread to the liver.


Adult Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma

A combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIC Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Malignant Liver Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that affects the liver and occurs during childhood.


BCLC Stage D Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Macrotrabecular Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by more than 50% growth of macrotrabecular pattern (equal to or more than 6 to 10 cells thick). It presents with higher grade and stage compared to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. It has poor prognosis with early recurrence and poor overall survival.


Stage II Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Metastatic PRETEX II Hepatoblastoma

PRETEX II hepatoblastoma with distant metastases. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Stage IIIB Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor involving local extrahepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of steatohepatitis features, including macrovesicular steatosis, fibrosis, ballooning of malignant hepatocytes, Mallory bodies, and inflammation.


Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


Metastatic PRETEX I Hepatoblastoma

PRETEX I hepatoblastoma with distant metastases. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Small Progressed Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A well to moderately differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of obvious stromal invasion and increase atypia compared with early hepatocellular carcinoma.


Recurrent Adult Liver Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Grade II Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate architectural and cytologic abnormalities.


recurrent childhood acute myeloid leukemia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia in childhood after a period of remission.


Testicular Tumor of the Thecoma/Fibroma Group

A group of rare, slow-growing stromal tumors that arise from the testis.  This category includes thecoma and fibroma.


Testicular Signet Ring Stromal Tumor

An extremely rare tumor that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelioid cells with signet ring appearance separated by fibrous tissue into trabeculae and nests. The histologic features are bland and there is no mucin production. Mutations of CTNNB1 gene have been identified in the reported cases. It is considered a special type of sex cord-stromal tumor. All reported cases had a benign clinical course without metastases.


Stage IV Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, M1b. M1b: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with all other distant metastases. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Childhood Unfavorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis that occurs during childhood.


vacuole-isolation membrane contact site

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An organelle membrane contact site formed at the junction of the vacuolar membrane and the isolation membrane or phagophore in response to starvation or other stresses, leading to the formation of the autophagosome.


endoplasmic reticulum-endosome membrane contact site

A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the endosome membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-vacuole membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and lytic vacuole membranes, structured by bridging complexes.


vacuole-mitochondrion membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between the vacuolar membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, important for transfer of lipids between the two organelles.


mitochondrial crista junction

A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.


mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site

Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.


nucleus-vacuole junction

An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.


endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site

A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the plasma membrane, structured by bridging complexes.


Acquired Factor III Deficiency

An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Factor III deficiency

A coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Factor III Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to tissue factor (factor III) in the blood.


Hereditary Factor III Deficiency

An autosomal recessive, inherited coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Acardius

A severe form of twin-twin transfusion syndrome that occurs in monochorionic pregnancies. The normal twin (pump twin) supplies the blood flow to its sibling that lacks heart or brain or both (acardiac/acephalic twin). Untreated, it may lead to the demise of the pump twin in some cases.


Suture Abrasion

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Wearing away of the surface of a suture as a result of bending and frictional forces.


skin abrasion

Superficial damage to the skin caused by rubbing or scraping.


Parkinson Disease 14, Autosomal Recessive

An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the PLA2G6 gene, encoding 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2.


Parkinsonism with Polyneuropathy

An autosomal dominant subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the UQCRC1 gene, encoding cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial.


Parkinson Disease 17

An autosomal dominant subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the VPS35 gene, encoding vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35.


Parkinson Disease 2, Autosomal Recessive Juvenile

An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the PRKN gene, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin.


Parkinson Disease 1, Autosomal Dominant

An autosomal dominant subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the SNCA gene, encoding alpha-synuclein. Mutation(s) in the SNCA gene are responsible for PARK4 and Lewy body dementia, and have overlapping phenotypes.


Parkinson Disease 15, Autosomal Recessive Early-Onset

An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the FBXO7 gene, encoding F-box only protein 7.


Parkinson Disease 4, Autosomal Dominant

An autosomal dominant subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the SNCA gene, encoding alpha-synuclein. Mutation(s) in the SNCA gene are responsible for PARK1 and Lewy body dementia, and have overlapping phenotypes.


Parkinson Disease 19B, Early-Onset

An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the DNAJC6 gene, encoding putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin. It is characterized by an onset of Parkinsonism between the third and fifth decades. Mutations(s) in DNAJC6, are also causative in PARK19A.


Parkinson Disease 7, Autosomal Recessive Early-Onset

An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the PARK7 gene, encoding Parkinson disease protein 7.


Parkinson Disease 8, Autosomal Dominant

An autosomal dominant subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the LRRK2 gene, encoding leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2.


Parkinson Disease 19A, Juvenile-Onset

An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the DNAJC6 gene, encoding putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin. It is characterized by an onset of Parkinsonism in the first or second decade. Mutations(s) in DNAJC6, are also causative in PARK19B.


Benign neoplasm of supraglottis

A neoplasm that arises from the supraglottis and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Z granule

A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells that are distinct from, but colocalize with or are adjacent to, P granules and mutator foci and are associated with RNA metabolism. Z granules have been observed in C. elegans.


TIS granule

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm that is formed by the RNA-binding protein TIS11B and RNA molecules, enriched in membrane protein-encoding mRNAs with multiple AU-rich elements. TIS granules are reticular meshworks intertwined with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).


GW body

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. GW-bodies minimally contain the Argonaute2 (Ago2) and TNRC6B proteins, together with specific target RNAs.


RNP body

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm of bacteria, minimally containing the RNase E protein and RNA molecules. Bacterial RNP-bodies are similar to eukaryotic P-bodies and stress granules.


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Maturation

An acute myeloid leukemia without maturation occurring in children.


endometrium glandular epithelium

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transitional glandular epithelium of anorectum

Glandular epithelium of the anal transition zone. The anal transition zone is defined loosely as the tissue interposed between the uninterrupted squamous epithelium of the anoderm and the uninterrupted mucosal epithelium of the anal canal in the anorectum.


aortic valve anulus

The fibrous ring of the aortic valve that attaches the cusps of aortic valve to the wall of left ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the posterior, right anterior and left anterior cusps.


TRC complex

A protein complex found in yeast that contains GET4, MDY2 (GET5), SGT2, and at least two heat shock proteins, HSP104 and YBR137W. The TRC complex transfers tail-anchored (TA) proteins to GET3 for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


Parasite-Related Carcinoma

A term that refers to a group of carcinomas that are caused by parasites.


Schistosoma Hematobium-Related Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is caused by Schistosoma hematobium.


Schistosoma Hematobium-Related Bladder Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is caused by Schistosoma hematobium.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to choroid

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the choroid from another anatomic site.


Gallbladder Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder.


Childhood Osteochondroma

An osteochondroma that occurs during childhood.


Osteochondromatosis

An autosomal dominant neoplastic chondrogenic process affecting multiple sites. It is caused by mutations in the EXT1 or EXT2 genes.  Grossly and microscopically, the lesions resemble an osteochondroma.


Childhood Chondroblastoma

A chondroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Maxillofacial Chondroblastoma

A benign chondroid-producing neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone.


Laryngeal Chondroma

A benign neoplasm arising from hyaline cartilage of the larynx. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Maxillofacial Chondroma

A benign neoplasm of hyaline cartilage that arises within the medullary cavity of a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Childhood Chondromyxoid Fibroma

A chondromyxoid fibroma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Subungual Exostosis

Subungual exostosis that occurs during childhood.


Maxillofacial Chondromyxoid Fibroma

An uncommon benign cartilaginous neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped or stellate chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and sometimes multinucleated giant cells.


Chondromatosis

A multifocal benign neoplasm arising from bone or soft tissue.  It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes and is composed of hyaline cartilage.


Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation

A benign lesion that usually affects the proximal small bones of the hands or feet.  Grossly it consists of a cartilage cap and a bony stalk.  Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of spindle cells, cartilage, and bone, usually in a disorganized pattern compared to subungual exostosis.  Enlarged (bizarre) chondrocytes are present in the cartilage.  Swelling with or without pain is present.  Recurrences following resection have been reported in approximately half of cases.


Solitary Osteochondroma

An osteochondroma affecting a single anatomical site.


Tactile Disorder

Conditions characterized by an alteration in the ability to perceive touch.


Uterine Obstruction

Blockage of the uterine outlet. Causes include uterine tumors and adhesions.


Refractory Lymphoma

A lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Central nervous system lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma

Primary cutaneous lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory EBV-Related Lymphoma

EBV-related lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity refractory

Mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Classical Hodgkin lymphoma refractory

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Primary Bone Lymphoma

Primary lymphoma of bone that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma resistant to treatment


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis refractory

Nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type refractory

Lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Post abortion hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding occurring after spontaneous miscarriage or therapeutic abortion.


Refractory Bladder Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


18,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 18,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


vitamin D4

It is present in mushrooms.


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-methoxyvitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-methoxycholecalciferol


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(6-hydroxyhexyl)vitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(6-hydroxyhexyl)cholecalciferol


1,25-dihydroxy-22-oxavitamin D3 3-hemiglutarate/ 1,25-dihydroxy-22-oxacholecalciferol 3-hemiglutarate


(6R)-vitamin D2 6,19-sulfur dioxide adduct / (6R)-ergocalciferol 6,19-sulfur dioxide adduct


previtamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid which is an intermediate in the production of vitamin D3 in human skin.


23(S),25-dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 23 (with 23S-configuration) and an oxo group at position 24. An intermediate in the degradation pathway of 25-OH-vitamin D3.


24-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 / 24-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-25,26,27-trinorcholecalciferol


(20S,24S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 24 (both with S-configuration).


2alpha-chloro-1beta,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 2alpha-chloro-1beta,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


(20S)-1alpha,20,25-trihydroxy-24a-homovitamin D3 / (20S)-1alpha,20,25-trihydroxy-24a-homocholecalciferol


(6R)-vitamin D3 6,19-(4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione) adduct


(24R)-6,19-epidioxy-1,24-dihydroxy-6,19-dihydrovitamin D3 / (24R)-6,19-epidioxy-1,24-di hydroxy-6,19-dihydrocholecalciferol


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-23-azavitamin D2 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-23-azaergocalciferol


(24R,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24R,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


(23R)-1alpha,23,25-trihydroxy-23-methylvitamin D3 / (23R)-1alpha,23,25-trihydroxy-23-methylcholecalciferol


25-hydroxy-16,17-didehydrovitamin D3 / 25-hydroxy-16,17-didehydrocholecalciferol


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-18-oxovitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-18-oxocholecalciferol


calcidiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-(hydroxymethyl)vitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-(hydroxymethyl)cholecalciferol


1alpha,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 / 1alpha,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyergocalciferol


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-(26,26)-(27,27)-diethanovitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-(26,26)-(27,27)-diethanocholecalciferol


1,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D2

Metabolite of vitamin D2. It  present in the circulation of humans, cows, and rats given pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity.


(20S)-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 20 with S-configuration.


18-acetoxy-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is calciol with an additional hydroxy group at position C-1 and an acetoxy group at C-18.


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-23-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-23-oxacholecalciferol


(20S,23)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 23.


(25R)-26,26,26-trifluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (25R)-26,26,26-trifluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


1alpha-Hydroxy-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 24-carboxylic acid


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-epivitamin D2 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-epiergocalciferol


(23Z)-25-hydroxy-16,17,23,24-tetradehydrovitamin D3 / (23Z)-25-hydroxy-16,17,23,24-tetradehydrocholecalciferol


(23S,25R)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactol / (23S,25R)-25-hydroxycholecalciferol 26,23-lactol


vitamin D5

A vitamin D in which the side-chain at position 17 consists of a (5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl group.


(20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-methoxyvitamin D3 / (20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-methoxycholecalciferol


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-22-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-22-oxacholecalciferol


(24R)-1alpha,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 / (24R)-1alpha,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyergocalciferol


(24S,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24S,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


23,23-difluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 23,23-difluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a-homo-22-thiavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a-homo-22-thiacholecalciferol


1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 25-trimethylsilyl ether


(24S,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24S,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


1alpha,2beta,25-trihydroxy vitamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol carrying three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha, 2beta and 25.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity


D3 vitamins

A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with an acetoxy group at C-18.


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-nor-22-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-nor-22-oxacholecalciferol


25-hydroxyvitamin D2

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


5,6-trans-vitamin D3

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the double bond at position 5 adopts a trans-configuration. During exposure to sunlight, previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 in the skin become photoisomerized to 5,6-trans-vitamin D3.


tacalcitol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol which carries hydroxy groups at positions 1S and 24R. It is a vitamin D3 analog which is used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in adults, especially on the scalp.


(20S,24R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 24 (with R-configuration).


20(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 25.


doxercalciferol

A hydroxy seco-steroid and synthetic vitamin D2 analogue that undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D2), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D2. It is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the body produces excess parathyroid hormone (PTH; a natural substance needed to control the amount of calcium in the blood) in certain people with chronic kidney disease.


1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha and 25.


26,26,26-trifluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 / 26,26,26-trifluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol


calcidiol 25-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11beta-methoxyvitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11beta-methoxycholecalciferol


(24R,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24R,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


nerve of cervical vertebra

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted].


Splenic Plasmacytoma

A plasmacytoma that arises in the spleen.


Littoral Cell Angioma

A very rare benign vascular neoplasm that is unique to the spleen and is characterized by vascular proliferations with a hybrid endothelial-histiocytic phenotype. Most patients are asymptomatic, and the tumor is discovered incidentally on imaging studies performed for other reasons.


Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia, Unclassifiable

A small B-cell clonal lymphoproliferative disorder of the spleen that does not fall into any of the other categories of mature B-cell neoplasms.


Malignant Splenic Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the spleen.


Recurrent Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant

The reemergence of hairy cell leukemia variant after a period of remission.


Splenic Manifestation of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

Infiltration and expansion of the red pulp and sinusoids of the spleen by chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.


Splenic Manifestation of B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the white and red pulp of the spleen by B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Spleen

Infiltration of the spleen by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma


Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of Spleen

A benign, circumscribed lesion that arises from the spleen and is composed of multiple angiomatoid nodules in a fibrosclerotic stroma. It most often affects middle-aged females. It is usually asymptomatic, and most cases are detected incidentally on imaging studies.


Splenic Manifestation of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the white and red pulp of the spleen by T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.


Malignant lymphoma of spleen

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma or rarely Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the spleen.


Splenic Manifestation of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the red pulp cords and sinusoids of the spleen by T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. The white pulp of the spleen is not involved and is often hyperplastic.


thiazolidinediones

A thiadiazolidine in which the 1,3-thiazolidine ring is substituted by two oxo groups.


neurohypophysis

The posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon.


Paratesticular Paraganglioma

An extremely rare paraganglioma that arises from the paratesticular structures.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Other Organ Dysfunction

Familial hematologic neoplasms associated with germline mutations and a preexisting disorder or organ dysfunction other than a platelet disorder.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes

Familial myelodysplastic syndromes/ acute myeloid leukemias associated with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline GATA2 Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline GATA2 mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline SAMD9 Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline SAMD9 mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline SAMD9L Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline SAMD9L mutation.


Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Associated with Neurofibromatosis

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia that is associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).


Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Associated with Noonan Syndrome-Like Disorder

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia that is associated with a genetic disorder caused by germline mutations in the CBL gene and phenotypically resembles Noonan syndrome (Noonan syndrome-like disorder).


Myeloid Proliferations Associated with Down Syndrome

Hematologic neoplasms occurring in individuals with Down syndrome.  There is an increased risk of acute leukemias in both children and adults with Down syndrome.  In particular, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome children of less than five years of age is particularly high, it is usually an acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.  This group of disorders also includes the entity transient abnormal myelopoiesis which occurs in neonates and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Telomerase Biology Disorders

Familial myelodysplastic syndromes/ acute myeloid leukemias associated with telomerase biology disorders.


Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Lesion

A non-invasive, precursor epithelial proliferation that arises from the fallopian tube, lacks severe atypia, and demonstrates serous differentiation.


Fracture of Ulna Related to Birth

A broken ulna sustained during the birthing process.


Closed Monteggia's fracture

Proximal radial head dislocation in association with a proximal ulnar fracture that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Clavicle Related to Birth

An injury sustained during the birthing process in which the continuity is broken in the clavicle.


Fracture of acetabulum

A traumatic break in the portion of the pelvic bone that forms the hip socket.


Fracture of Femur Related to Birth

A broken femur sustained during the birthing process.


Closed fracture of rib

A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones.


Closed fracture of shaft of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the diaphysis of the metacarpal bone that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of multiple ribs

A traumatic break in two or more places in one rib, or a traumatic break in more than one rib, that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of pelvis

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones comprising the bony structure of the pelvis that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Open fracture of rib

A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage  that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of mandible, closed

A traumatic break in the mandible  that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of malar AND/OR maxillary bones

A traumatic break in the malar and maxillary bones  that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture Related to Birth

A broken bone sustained during the birthing process.


Closed fracture of neck of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the area of the metacarpal bone located between the diaphysis and the distal metaphysis that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of bone involving growth plate

A traumatic break in a long bone that involves the epiphyseal plate.


Lumbar vertebral fracture L2

A traumatic break in the second lumbar spinal vertebra.


Upper Extremity Fracture

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in the arm,  forearm, or hand.


Fracture of Humerus Related to Birth

A broken humerus sustained during the birthing process.


Fracture of phalanx of finger

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in one of the digits of the hand.


Open fracture of neck of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the area of the metacarpal bone located between the diaphysis and the distal metaphysis that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed Colles' fracture

An extra-articular traumatic break in the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Spine Related to Birth

A broken vertebra sustained during the birthing process.


Fracture of Radius Related to Birth

A broken radius sustained during the birthing process.


Colles' Fracture

An extra-articular traumatic break in the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment.


Fracture of wrist

Traumatic injury to the wrist joint in which the continuity of a wrist bone is broken. Symptoms include wrist pain, swelling, and deformity of wrist.


Open fracture of pelvis

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones comprising the bony structure of the pelvis that involves a break in the adjacent skin..


Fracture of Skull Related to Birth

An injury sustained during the birthing process in which the continuity is broken in the skull.


Limb fracture

A traumatic break in one or more bones in a limb.


Open fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Nose Related to Birth

A broken nasal bone sustained during the birthing process.


back nerve

A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of trunk region

A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk).


thoracic cavity nerve

A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


chest nerve

A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of thoracic segment

A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


Parotid Gland Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma arising from the parotid gland.


dichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.


(S)-econazole

A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of econazole.


(S)-butoconazole

The (S)-enantiomer of butoconazole.


(S)-tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


isoconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-isoconazole. A broad-spectrum antibacterial drug used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of dermatomycoses.


(R)-econazole

A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of econazole.


clonidine (amino form)

A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.


(S)-isoconazole

A 1-{2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of isoconazole.


(S)-miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has S) configuration.


arasertaconazole

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the active R-enantiomer of sertaconazole and is used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The racemate itself is also used as a broad-spectrum antifungal drug.


(R)-butaconazole

The (R)-enantiomer of butaconazole.


(R)-miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has R configuration.


A salicylanilide derivative with chloride substituents at C-3 and C-5 of the salicylate moiety and at C-3 and C-4 of the anilide moiety.


(R)-tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


(S)-sertaconazole

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of sertaconazole.


A pyrazolylpiperidine that consists of 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine carrying a 2-amino-3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]pyridin-5-yl group at the 4-position of the pyrazole ring.


cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle

A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of papillary muscle

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle

A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


Purkinje fiber network

A collection of Purkinje fibers that receives signals from the right and left bundle branches and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. The Purkinje fiber network creates synchronized contractions of the heart ventricles.


trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle of left ventricle

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


right bundle branch

The right branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates just below the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the right ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fibers[MP].


cardiac muscle of right ventricle

A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


His-Purkinje system

The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


left bundle branch

The left branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates at the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the left ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fiber[MP].


Stage IV Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


A sympathetic paraganglioma arising from the retroperitoneum, outside the adrenal gland.


Childhood Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and occurs during childhood.


Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma arising from the retroperitoneum.


Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of adrenal cortical carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Adrenal Cortical Oncocytic Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is composed of oncocytic cells that constitute more than 90% of malignant cells.


Stage III Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, Any N, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion but not invading adjacent organs. T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organs (kidney, diaphragm, pancreas, spleen, or liver) or large blood vessels (renal vein or vena cava). N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of adrenal cortical carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. Adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma is staged according to the classification for adrenal neuroendocrine tumors. There is no AJCC staging system for neuroblastic tumors of the adrenal gland. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Cortical Oncocytic Adenoma

A usually non-functioning variant of adrenal cortex adenoma, composed of large cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Glomerulosa Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic cells with cytologic features of glomerulosa cells.


Stage III Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, no extra-adrenal invasion.  T2: Tumor greater than 5 cm, no extra-adrenal invasion.  T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion, but not invading adjacent organs.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma arising from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Gland Lipoma

A rare lipoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Recurrent Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

The reemergence of pheochromocytoma following surgical removal.


Clear Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic clear cells containing intracytoplasmic lipid droplets.


Stage IV Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion, but not invading adjacent organs.  T4: Tumor of any size with invasion of adjacent organs.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Retroperitoneal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor that arises from the retroperitoneum. This is an extragastrointestinal tumor, meaning that it does not arise directly from the gastrointestinal tract.


Leiomyoma of the adrenal gland

A rare leiomyoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Benign neoplasm of retroperitoneum

A neoplasm that arises from the retroperitoneum and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Benign neoplasm of adrenal cortex

A neoplasm that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Childhood Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex that occurs during childhood.


Stage I Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hereditary Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

A hereditary adrenal gland pheochromocytoma caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD genes.


Adrenal Cortical Adenomatoid Tumor

A benign adrenal cortical neoplasm deriving from mesothelial cells.


Locally Advanced Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Adrenal Cortical Myxoid Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular connective tissue mucin.


Locally Advanced Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Adrenal cortical carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Adrenal Gland Lymphangioma

A rare lymphangioma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Stage II Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor greater than 5 cm, no extra-adrenal invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adrenal Gland Lymphoma

A rare lymphoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Cortical Low Grade Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of twenty or less mitoses per ten square millimeters.


Metastatic Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

An adrenal gland composite pheochromocytoma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Metastatic Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Adrenal Gland Hemangioma

A rare hemangioma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Superior and Inferior Paraaortic Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located along the aorta, including suprarenal, infrarenal, and renal hilar sites.  In functional tumors, the hypersecretion of catecholamines results in hypertension.


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Adrenal Cortex

A carcinoma that has spread to the adrenal cortex from an adjacent or distal anatomic site.


Androgen-Producing Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

A rare adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces androgens.  Female patients usually have symptoms related to virilism.


Unresectable Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Compact Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic compact cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Adrenal Cortical Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor

An extremely rare sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the adrenal cortex. The reported cases were solitary and unilateral.


Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

A neoplasm that arises from the adrenal medulla and combines morphologic characteristics of pheochromocytoma and neuroectodermal tumors such as neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, or peripheral nerve sheath tumor.


Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroblastoma, Intermixed

An intermixed ganglioneuroblastoma arising from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Cortical High Grade Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of more than twenty mitoses per ten square millimeters.


Stage I Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Advanced Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

An adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Adrenal Cortical Melanoma

A rare melanoma that arises within the adrenal cortex.


Adrenal Gland Schwannoma

A rare schwannoma that arises from the adrenal medulla.


Mixed Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of a mixed neoplastic cellular population, including varying numbers of neoplastic clear and compact cells.


Stage II Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroblastoma, Nodular

A nodular ganglioneuroblastoma arising from the adrenal gland.


Unresectable Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Adrenal cortical carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Malignant Retroperitoneal Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant retroperitoneal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Non-Metastatic Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

A composite pheochromocytoma that is confined to the adrenal gland.


Regional Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

A pheochromocytoma that has not spread to other regions.


Heavily Pigmented Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

A usually functioning adenoma of the adrenal cortex. Grossly, it has a dark brown appearance and is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells containing abundant intracytoplasmic lipofuscin. It may be associated with Cushing syndrome.


Recurrent Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

The reemergence of adrenal cortical carcinoma after a period of remission.


Anaplastic adrenocortical carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the partial or complete loss of adrenal cortical differentiation.


Refractory Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Adrenal cortical carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


estrogen-producing adrenal cortical adenoma

A rare adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces estrogens.  Male patients may develop gynecomastia and impotence.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to adrenal gland

A malignant tumor that has spread to the adrenal gland from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.  The majority of cases are metastatic carcinomas, and less frequently lymphomas.


cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex

A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.


nuclear DNA replication factor C complex

A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Complex Karyotype

Acute myeloid leukemia associated with at least 3 unrelated clonal chromosomal abnormalities.


dorsal horn of spinal cord

The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO].


Forceps Injury

Birth injury sustained during a forceps-assisted delivery.


Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of childhood neuroblastoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Associated Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma developing in patients with familiar adenomatous polyposis syndrome.  It is observed in patients with Turcot syndrome, type 2.


Medulloblastoma, SHH-4

Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated, characterized by mutations of U1-snRNA and TERT genes. Mutations of PTCH1 or SMO genes are usually also present. It affects mostly adults.


Sellar Neuroblastoma

A rare neuroblastoma arising from the sella turcica.


Refractory Ganglioneuroblastoma

Ganglioneuroblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes, DICER1-Mutated

An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes characterized by the presence of DICER1 mutation. Approximately half of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes that lack a C19MC alteration carry DICER1 mutations.


Refractory Dedifferentiated Chordoma

A dedifferentiated chordoma that does not respond to treatment.


Childhood Brain Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma that arises from the brain during childhood.


Refractory Rhabdoid Tumor

Rhabdoid tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Stage M1 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

Tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Hereditary Neuroblastoma

Genetic inheritance of neuroblastoma caused by mutations in the ALK or PHOX2B genes.  Familial neuroblastomas have a higher incidence of multiple primary tumors and are diagnosed at an earlier age.


Childhood Central Nervous System Ganglioneuroblastoma

A central nervous system ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Stage L1 Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Localized tumor that does not involve any vital structures as defined by the list of IDRFs (i.e., there are no IDRFs) and the tumor must be confined within one body compartment, neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis. An intraspinal tumor extension that does not fulfill the criteria for an IDRF is consistent with stage L1. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Advanced Chordoma

A chordoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified with Leptomeningeal Spread

A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified which has spread from its original site to the leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.


Visual Pathway Medulloepithelioma

A very rare, benign or malignant embryonal neoplasm affecting the visual pathway during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


Stage M4 Medulloblastoma

Metastasis outside the cerebrospinal axis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Stage M3 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Visible metastasis in spine or visible metastasis in cervicomedullary junction. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor-TYR

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor characterized by overexpression of melanosomal genes (TYR, TYRP, MITF, and OTX2).


nodular medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma characterized by nodularity and neuronal differentiation.


Stage M3 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2


Neuroblastoma of the Adrenal Gland and Sympathetic Nervous System

A common pediatric extracranial tumor arising from neural crest cells.  It involves the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system.


Adult Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

A supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in adults.


An intermixed ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Anaplastic Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma characterized by marked nuclear pleomorphism, and high mitotic activity.


Paratesticular Wilms Tumor

A rare Wilms tumor that arises from the paratesticular structures.


Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2

A term that refers to the staging of childhood neuroblastoma according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor-SHH

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor characterized by overexpression of genes in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway (GLI2, BOC, PTCHD2, and MYCN).


Prostate Wilms Tumor

A rare Wilms tumor affecting the prostate gland.


Childhood Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

An atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor occurring in children.


Stage M0 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

No visible disease on imaging (MRI brain and spine) beyond primary site of disease and no tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Localized Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Localized tumor not involving vital structures and confined to one body compartment. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


medulloblastoma SHH activated and TP53 mutant

Medulloblastoma associated with activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway and the presence of TP53 mutations.


Localized Resectable Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma that is confined to a specific site and is amenable to surgical removal.


Refractory Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Rhabdoid Tumor

The reemergence of rhabdoid tumor after a period of remission.


Thyroblastoma

A high-grade, rapidly growing malignant embryonal neoplasm that arises from the thyroid gland. It is characterized by the presence of primitive follicular-like structures surrounded by primitive small cells and primitive spindle cell mesenchymal stroma. It is associated with DICER1 gene mutations. The prognosis is poor.


Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma recurrent

Reemergence of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma after a period of remission.


Peripheral neuroepithelioma of bone metastatic

A small round cell tumor of the bone with neural differentiation that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Ewing Sarcoma

A Ewing sarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage M4 Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes

Metastasis outside the cerebrospinal axis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm of embryonal origin, arising from the central nervous system.  It usually affects children.  Representative examples include ependymoblastoma, medulloblastoma, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.


Locally Advanced Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 1

A term that refers to the staging of childhood medulloblastoma according to the tier 1 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Stage M1 Pineoblastoma

Microscopic tumor cells are detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Sellar Dedifferentiated Chordoma

A dedifferentiated chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


Stage M2 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

Gross nodular seeding is detected in the cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in the third or lateral ventricles. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Stage M0 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

No evidence of subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Recurrent Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

The reemergence of childhood central nervous system embryonal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Resectable Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Brain Ganglioneuroblastoma

A ganglioneuroblastoma that arises from the brain and occurs during childhood.


Stage L2 Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Locoregional tumor with one or more IDRFs. The tumor may be ipsilateral contiguous within body compartments (i.e., a left-sided abdominal tumor with left-sided lung, bone or pleura involvement should be considered stage L2). However, a clearly left-sided abdominal tumor with right-sided lung, bone or pleura (or vice-versa) involvement is defined as metastatic disease. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 1

A term that refers to the staging of childhood neuroblastoma according to the tier 1 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


High Risk Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma usually presenting with metastatic disease and MYCN gene amplifications.


embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes

A central nervous system embryonal tumor characterized by the presence of multilayered rosette formation and typically the presence of amplification of the C19MC region on chromosome 19 (19q13.42) or rarely a DICER1 mutation.


Peripheral neuroepithelioma of bone recurrent

The reemergence of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the bone after a period of remission.


Cribriform Neuroepithelial Tumor

A very rare, nonrhabdoid, intraventricular tumor with relatively favorable prognosis.  It is characterized by the presence of neuroepithelial cells forming cribriform patterns, trabeculae, epithelial membrane antigen immunopositivity on epithelial surfaces, and loss of nuclear INI 1 expression.


Sellar Chordoma

A chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


The reemergence of medulloblastoma, WNT-activated after a period of remission.


Stage 3 Neuroblastoma

Unresectable unilateral tumor infiltrating across the midline, with or without regional lymph node involvement; or localized unilateral tumor with contralateral regional lymph node involvement; or midline tumor with bilateral extension by infiltration (unresectable) or by lymph node involvement. The midline is defined as the vertebral column. Tumors originating on one side and crossing the midline must infiltrate to or beyond the opposite side of the vertebral column. (cancer.gov)


Refractory Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

An atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Stage 4S neuroblastoma

Localized primary tumor, as defined for stage 1, 2A, or 2B, with dissemination limited to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow (limited to infants younger than 1 year). Marrow involvement should be minimal (i.e., <10% of total nucleated cells identified as malignant by bone biopsy or by bone marrow aspirate). More extensive bone marrow involvement would be considered stage 4 disease. The results of the MIBG scan, if performed, should be negative for disease in the bone marrow. (cancer.gov)


Metastatic Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Distant metastatic disease (except stage MS). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2

A term that refers to the staging of childhood central nervous system embryonal tumor according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Localized Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Localized disease. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Medulloblastoma with Leptomeningeal Spread

A medulloblastoma which has spread from its original site to the leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.


Unresectable Rhabdoid Tumor

A rhabdoid tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that has spread to other more distant organs, such as the lungs, liver, bones, and brain, or to lymph nodes outside the abdomen (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Poorly Differentiated Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma in which the differentiating neuroblasts constitute less than five-percent of the tumor cells.


Childhood Ewing Sarcoma

A Ewing sarcoma that occurs during childhood.


Skin Ewing Sarcoma

A rare Ewing sarcoma that arises from the skin.


Recurrent Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

The reemergence of an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor after a period of remission.


Stage M0 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

No visible disease on imaging (MRI brain and spine) beyond primary site of disease and no tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Molecular Subtypes

A term that refers to the classification of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors according to their molecular characteristics.


Unresectable Chordoma

A chordoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Ciliary Body Teratoid Medulloepithelioma

A rare, unilateral, benign or malignant embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium and contains heterologous elements, particularly cartilage, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue.


Undifferentiated Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma characterized by the absence of differentiating neuroblasts.


Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2

A term that refers to the staging of childhood medulloblastoma according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Stage 2 Neuroblastoma

Stage 2 includes stage 2A and stage 2B.  Stage 2A: Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. Stage 2B: Localized tumor with or without complete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes positive for tumor. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must be negative microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Locally Advanced Chordoma

A chordoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues.


Regional Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma confined to a specific anatomic region without evidence of dissemination.


Stage M2 Medulloblastoma

Gross nodular seeding is detected in the cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in the third or lateral ventricles. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor of the Prostate

A rare extrarenal rhabdoid tumor affecting the prostate gland.


Stage M4 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

Metastasis outside of the central nervous system. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Refractory Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

A malignant small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation that is resistant to treatment.


Neuroblastoma recurrent

The reemergence of neuroblastoma after a period of remission.


Unresectable Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage 2A Neuroblastoma

Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Sinonasal Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Medulloblastoma Molecular Subtypes

A term that refers to the classification of medulloblastomas according to their molecular characteristics.


Metastatic Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Childhood Medulloblastoma

The reemergence of childhood medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


Localized Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

Localized disease. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Childhood Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

A supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in childhood.


Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma non-metastatic

Ewing sarcoma that arises from the soft tissue and is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Medulloblastoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A medulloblastoma which has not been further characterized.


MS Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Metastatic disease confined to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow in a patient less than 18 months (547 days). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Stage MS Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Metastatic disease confined to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow, in a patient less than 18 months (547 days). MIBG scintigraphy must be negative in bone and bone marrow. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Benign medulloepithelioma of ciliary body

A rare, unilateral, benign embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


Recurrent tumors of the Ewing's family

The reemergence of a malignant small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation after a period of remission.


Malignant medulloepithelioma of ciliary body

A rare, unilateral, malignant embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


Recurrent Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

The reemergence of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the central or the peripheral nervous system after a period of remission.


Anaplastic Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor of the kidney characterized by the presence of nuclear anaplasia.  Anaplasia is defined by the presence of all of the following: multipolar polyploid mitotic figures, marked nuclear enlargement, and hyperchromasia.  When anaplasia is diffuse, it is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome.


Disseminated neuroblastoma

Any primary tumor with dissemination to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, skin, and/or other organs, except as defined for stage 4S. (cancer.gov)


Stage II Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that is found in the kidney and in the fat, soft tissue, or blood vessels near the kidney. It may have spread to the renal sinus. The renal sinus is the part of the kidney where blood and fluid enter and exit the organ. The tumor can be completely removed with surgery. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Localized Askin Tumor

A small round cell tumor confined to a specific area of the thoracic cavity without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Recurrent Medulloblastoma

The reemergence of medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Kidney Wilms Tumor

The reemergence of Wilms tumor of the kidney after a period of remission.


Stage M4 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

Metastasis outside the cerebrospinal axis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Stage III Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that is found in areas near the kidney and cannot be completely removed with surgery. The tumor may have spread to nearby organs and blood vessels or throughout the abdomen and to nearby lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are tiny, bean-shaped organs that help fight infection. Stage III cancer has not spread outside the abdomen. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor with Rhabdoid Features

A central nervous system embryonal neoplasm characterized by the presence of histological features consistent with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and absence of mutations of the INI1 gene or SMARCA4 (BRG1) gene.


Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor, Not Elsewhere Classified

A central nervous system embryonal tumor lacking molecular abnormalities that would classify it as one of the molecularly defined central nervous system embryonal neoplasms.


Stage M0 Medulloblastoma

No evidence of subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor-MYC

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor characterized by overexpression of MYC gene.


Refractory Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Metastatic Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

Disease beyond local site (e.g., other lesions in brain or spine or tumor cells in CSF or distant metastases). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Childhood Ganglioneuroblastoma, Nodular

A nodular ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Unresectable Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor

Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage M3 Medulloblastoma

Gross nodular seeding is detected in the spinal subarachnoid space. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Kadish Stage B Olfactory Neuroblastoma

An olfactory neuroblastoma that involves the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Fourth Ventricle Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma occurring in the fourth ventricle.


Localized Unresectable Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma that is confined to a specific site and is not amenable to surgical removal.


Stage M1 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Kidney Ewing Sarcoma

A rare Ewing sarcoma arising from the kidney.


Kadish Stage A Olfactory Neuroblastoma

An olfactory neuroblastoma that is confined to the nasal cavity


Stage M3 Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes


Metastatic Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2


Benign Notochordal Cell Tumor

An intraosseous benign tumor of notochord origin that arises in the bones of the base of the skull, vertebral bodies, sacrum or coccyx.  It contains vacuolated tumor cells without atypia, but lacks myxoid matrix, necrosis, and lobular architecture, which are features that characterize its malignant counterpart, chordoma.  Most lesions are incidental findings.


Recurrent Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor

The reemergence of extrarenal rhabdoid tumor after a period of remission.


Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma, FOXR2-Activated

A rare central nervous system neoplasm with neuroblastic and/or neuronal differentiation. It is characterized by the presence of structural rearrangements of FOXR2 gene that result in the activation of the transcription factor FOXR2.


Refractory Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Metastatic Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH group 3

Medulloblastoma not associated with activation of the WNT pathway or sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. MYC amplifications may be present. TP53 mutations are absent. Patients in this group are usually young children. The overall survival is the worst among all the molecular groups.


Stage 1 Neuroblastoma

Localized tumor with complete gross excision, with or without microscopic residual disease; representative ipsilateral lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Vulvar Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma arising from the vulva.


Central Nervous System Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma that arises in the central nervous system.


Region 17p13 Allelic Loss Associated Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma characterized by the loss of one of the p13 regions of chromosome 17.  Loss of genetic material of chromosome arm 17p is the most common molecular genetic abnormality found in medulloblastomas.


Stage M0 Pineoblastoma

No evidence of subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Recurrent Bone Ewing Sarcoma

The reemergence of Ewing sarcoma of the bone after a period of remission.


Stage M2 Pineoblastoma

Gross nodular seeding is detected in the cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in the third or lateral ventricles. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Stage M2 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

Visible metastasis in brain. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma metastatic

An Ewing sarcoma of the soft tissues which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Sinonasal Olfactory Neuroblastoma

An olfactory neuroblastoma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


Childhood Chordoma

A rare chordoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Kidney Ewing Sarcoma

An extremely rare Ewing sarcoma that arises from the kidney during childhood.


Childhood Pineoblastoma

A pineoblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Metastatic Chordoma

A chordoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage M Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Distant metastatic disease (i.e., not contiguous with the primary tumor) except as defined for stage MS. Nonregional (distant) lymph node involvement is metastatic disease. However, an upper abdominal tumor with enlarged lower mediastinal nodes or a pelvic tumor with inguinal lymph node involvement is considered locoregional disease. Ascites and/or a pleural effusion, even with malignant cells, do not constitute metastatic disease unless they are remote from the body compartment of the primary tumor. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Medulloblastoma, SHH-1

Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated, characterized by SUFU gene mutations and chromosome 2 gain. It affects mostly infants.


Stage I Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that is found in one kidney and can be completely removed with surgery. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Dedifferentiated chordoma

A high-grade malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, the presence of physaliphorous cells, and a sarcomatous component.


Recurrent Ganglioneuroblastoma

The reemergence of ganglioneuroblastoma after a period of remission.


The reemergence of SHH-activated medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

A central nervous system embryonal tumor that occurs during childhood.


Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Kidney

A small round cell tumor with neural differentiation arising from the kidney.


Recurrent Olfactory Neuroblastoma

The reemergence of olfactory neuroblastoma after a period of remission.


Childhood Ganglioneuroblastoma

A ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Large cell Ewing sarcoma of bone

Ewing sarcoma characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with prominent nucleoli and irregular contours.


Medulloblastoma, SHH-3

Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated, characterized by mutations of TP53 and ELP1 genes. It affects older individuals.


Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 1

A term that refers to the staging of childhood central nervous system embryonal tumor according to the tier 1 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Recurrent Childhood Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

The reemergence of supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified in childhood after a period of remission.


Stage M4 Pineoblastoma

Metastasis outside the cerebrospinal axis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


PNET of bone localised

A small round cell tumor with neural differentiation that is confined to a specific area of the bone and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes without C19MC Alteration

An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes characterized by the absence of C19MC amplification. Approximately half of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes that lack a C19MC alteration carry DICER1 mutations.


Kadish Stage C Olfactory Neuroblastoma

An olfactory neuroblastoma that extends beyond the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Associated Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma developing in patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas.  It is observed in patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and it is associated with PTCH gene inactivation.


Medulloblastoma, WNT-activated that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage M2 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Visible metastasis in brain. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Stage M0 Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes

No evidence of subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Stage M4 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Metastasis outside of the central nervous system. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Stage 2B Neuroblastoma

Localized tumor with or without complete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes positive for tumor. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must be negative microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Childhood Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


SHH-activated medulloblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Metastatic Bone Ewing Sarcoma

An Ewing sarcoma of the bone which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

A small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH group 4

Medulloblastoma not associated with activation of the WNT pathway or sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. MYC amplifications are absent. TP53 mutations are absent. Chromosome 17 abnormalities may be present.


Stage M1 Medulloblastoma

Microscopic tumor cells are detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Metastatic Ewing's Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Refractory Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

The reemergence of a small round cell tumor with neural differentiation after a period of remission.


ELP1-Associated Medulloblastoma

An SHH-activated, TP53-wildtype medulloblastoma caused by germline ELP1 gene variations and develops during childhood.


Stage M1 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor


Locoregional Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

Locoregional tumor with spread. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Mesoblastic nephroma, mixed

A congenital mesoblastic nephroma characterized by the presence of classic and cellular areas.


Refractory Chordoma

A chordoma that does not respond to treatment.


Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of childhood central nervous system embryonal tumor according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Central Nervous System Ganglioneuroblastoma

A malignant central nervous system neoplasm characterized by the presence of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells and ganglion cells.


Childhood Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Ewing's sarcoma recurrent

Ewing sarcoma which has recurred after treatment and/or remission. While initial complete responses are not uncommon, there is a fair chance of relapse as late as one to two decades after initial therapy.


Stage M2 Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes

Gross nodular seeding is detected in the cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in the third or lateral ventricles. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Stage M3 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

Gross nodular seeding is detected in the spinal subarachnoid space. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of childhood medulloblastoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


webbed manual digit

A digit that is part of a webbed manus.


Acute cholecystitis without calculus

Acute inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones


Calculus of gallbladder with cholecystitis

An acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder associated with the presence of gallstones.


Chronic acalculous cholecystitis

Chronic cholecystitis not associated with the presence of gallstones.


HU-DNA complex

A protein-DNA complex that consists of HU heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) assembled into octamers along DNA. HU binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure.


IHF-DNA complex

A protein-DNA complex containing IHF heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) bound to DNA. IHF binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure, the bacterial nucleoid.


Peritoneal Lymph Node

A lymph node located in the peritoneum.


Intracranial Mesenchymal Tumor, FET-CREB Fusion-Positive

A provisional entity that refers to a group of neoplasms with a broad morphological spectrum, characterized by fusion of a FET family gene (usually EWSR1 and rarely FUS) with a member of the CREB family of transcription factors (CREB1, ATF1, or CREM). It includes entities previously termed intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma or intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumor. It is usually located in the supratentorial brain and mostly affects children and young adults. There is a spectrum of clinical behaviors ranging from slowly growing tumors to rapid recurrences, and rarely metastases.


viral occlusion body

A crystalline protein matrix surrounding the nucleocapsids of some insect viruses after their release in the environment. Produced in the host cell, the occlusion body protects the infectious virion after death of the host.


left hepatic duct

The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.


Diffuse Low Grade Glioma, FGFR1-Mutant

Diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by FGFR1 gene mutations, an internal tandem duplication within the FGFR1 gene or the presence of an FGFR1 fusion gene.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Astler-Coller B1 Rectal Carcinoma

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0) and (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Postprocedural respiratory disorders

A respiratory disorder occurring as a consequence of a procedure.


Vulvar Neoplasm of Skin Appendage Origin

A benign or malignant vulvar neoplasm with differentiating characteristics towards sweat or sebaceous glands or hair follicles.  Representative examples include trichoepithelioma, syringoma, and eccrine adenocarcinoma.


Malignant Vulvar Sweat Gland Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from sweat glands in the vulva. Representative examples include eccrine adenocarcinoma, apocrine adenocarcinoma, and Paget disease.


Vulvar Hidradenoma Papilliferum

A benign glandular neoplasm that arises from the vulva. It presents as a mass or cystic lesion in or adjacent to the interlabial sulcus. It is characterized by the presence of complex branching papillae with fibrovascular stalks, lined by uniform columnar epithelial secretory cells and myoepithelial cells.


Vulvar Adenocarcinoma of Sweat Gland Origin

A rare adenocarcinoma arising from vulvar skin sweat glands.


Cirrhosis of the Liver Secondary to Hepatitis C

Cirrhosis of the liver that develops as a sequelae of a hepatitis c infection.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement, equal or more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Compounds based on a triazine skeleton.


Any compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure.


Any compound with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 3 and 5 of the core benzene ring structure.


quinazoline

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane

The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of intraperoxisomal membrane

The component of the intraperoxisomal membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane

The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane

The component of a nuclear outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane

The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of plastid thylakoid membrane

The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of plastid membrane

The component of a plastid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

The component of the neuronal dense core vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of plastid inner membrane

The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of presynaptic endosome membrane

The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic endosome membrane

The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.