regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


cell body fiber

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A neuron projection that is found in unipolar neurons and corresponds to the region between the cell body and the point at which the single projection branches.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


response to methylglyoxal

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.


positive regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.


progesterone secretion

The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.


alpha-glucosidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-linked alpha-D-glucose residue with release of alpha-D-glucose.


tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb

The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.


respiratory system process

A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.


CTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


deaminated base DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated bases.


Cross resistance

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


origin recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.


osteoarthritis, spine

A degenerative joint disease involving the spine. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the spinal articular cartilage (cartilage, articular), usually with hardening of the subchondral bone and outgrowth of bone spurs (osteophyte).


Ingrown nail

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Excessive growth of a nail laterally into the nail fold.


axial mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized.


methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.


cryptococcosis

An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs.--2004


positive regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


tRNA thio-modification

The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


linaclotide

A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of Cys, Cys, Glu, Tyr, Cys, Cys, Asn, Pro, Ala, Cys, Thr, Gly, Cys and Tyr residues joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bonds: between Cys(1) and Cys(6), between Cys(2) and Cys(10), and between Cys(5) and Cys(13). Used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome accompanied by constipation.


regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


cyclin K-CDK13 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


gingival hypertrophy

Abnormal enlargement or overgrowth of the gingivae brought about by enlargement of existing cells.


cellular response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


heel spur

A bony outgrowth on the lower surface of the calcaneus. Though often presenting along with plantar fasciitis (fasciitis, plantar), they are not considered causally related.


farnesol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


CBM complex

A protein complex comprising Bcl10, MALT1 and a CARD domain-containing protein (CARD9, CARD10 or CARD11); plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.


auditory receptor cell morphogenesis

Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.


embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.


Inspiratory stridor

Inspiratory stridor is a high pitched sound upon inspiration that is generally related to laryngeal abnormalities.


viral penetration into host nucleus

The crossing by the virus of the host nuclear membrane, either as naked viral genome or for small viruses as an intact capsid.


regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


Eruptive xanthomas

Eruptive xanthomas are yellow-orange-to-red-brown papules that are often surrounded by an erythematous halo. They appear in crops on the buttocks, extensor surfaces of the extremities, and flexural creases. Acutely, variable amounts of pruritus and pain occur.


zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.


prostaglandin E receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin E (PGE(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from aspartate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


Pleural thickening

An increase in the thickness of the pleura, generally related to scarring of the pleural tissue.


regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


Phonic tics

Involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. The vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.


regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


coenzyme A transmembrane transport

The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a membrane. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


amino sugar biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


hexosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.


Tietze syndrome

Idiopathic painful nonsuppurative swellings of one or more costal cartilages, especially of the second rib. The anterior chest pain may mimic that of coronary artery disease.


orexin receptor activity

Combining with orexin to initiate a change in cell activity.


ectodermal cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


dATP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


meiotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A signal transduction process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during meiosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.


superior temporal gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.


retinoic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus

The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.


gonorrhea

A common sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. Infected individuals may be asymptomatic. Symptoms in males include burning sensation during urination, discharge from the penis, and painful swelling of the testes. Symptoms in females include painful urination, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding between periods. If untreated, the infection may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.


AP-2 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


erythrasma

A chronic bacterial infection of major folds of the skin, caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.


cell-matrix adhesion mediator activity

The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the extracellular matrix.


cannabinoid signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a cannabinoid binding to its receptor on the cell surface, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


mitochondrial DNA replication

The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.


Baresthesia

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


hemidesmosome assembly

Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina.


Maceration

A softening and breaking down of skin resulting from prolonged exposure to moisture. Macerated skin becomes soft and wrinkly and takes on a whitish hue.


nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNA 3'-end processing

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading mRNAs with incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus.


regulation of protein oxidation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.


mannan binding

Binding to mannan.


motor nerve neuritis

Inflammation of the peripheral motor nerves.


positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


ER ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER.


cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


growing cell tip

The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth occurs.


purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


intracellular magnesium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of magnesium ions within a cell.


collagen network

A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network.


positive regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


inherited obesity

Abnormally low body weight.


T-helper 17 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


manganese ion transport

The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


salivary gland cavitation

The process in which the solid core of salivary epithelium gives rise to the hollow tube of the gland.


regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a carboxyl group on a protein.


protein localization to ciliary membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.


positive regulation of cell migration by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.


toxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process.


response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


hemoglobinuria

A laboratory test result which indicates free hemoglobin in the urine.


Schwann cell microvillus

Small finger-like extension of a Schwann cell that contacts the nodal membrane.


negative regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ripoptosome assembly involved in a necroptotic process.


skeletal muscle tissue growth

The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

An G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


response to type III interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


alpha-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


Peripheral cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (hands, fingertips, toes), and can sometimes involve circumoral and periorbital areas. Mucous membranes are generally not involved.


Recurrent fever

Periodic (episodic or recurrent) bouts of fever.


acetate ester transport

The directed movement of an acetate ester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


apical dendrite

A dendrite that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron. In bipolar neurons, apical dendrites are located on the opposite side of the soma from the axon.


positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.


nuclear cap binding complex

A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.


forasartan

A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by o-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl and (3,5-dibutyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups, respectively. It is a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II, type 1 (AT1) receptors, used for the treatment of hypertension.


glycosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a sugar + N-acylsphingosine.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


Foreign Bodies

Extraneous material within the body.


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-L-fucoside + H2O = an alcohol + L-fucose.


response to gravity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


positive regulation of mast cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.


transposition

Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. For elements that are transcribed as the first step of transposition, the process starts with the transcription of the transposable element, its translation and maturation, and ending with integration into DNA. For elements that are cut out, the process starts with the excision of the donor DNA and integrated into another site.


histone H3S10 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 10) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 10) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 10 of histone H3.


meningoencephalitis

Inflammation of the meninges and brain, generally secondary to an infectious cause. Pathogens may be bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan.


Tidal Volume

biolink:ClinicalAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass


negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation

The process in which the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for flagellated sperm to reach fertilization competence.


uracil catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.


regulation of glycogen catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.


negative regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease (deubiquitinase) activity.


alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-arabinofuranoside residues in alpha-L-arabinosides.


mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.


sexually transmitted disease

A Disease due to or propagated by sexual contact.


regulation of oxygen metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.


kinetochore organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


chronic renal failure syndrome

Impairment of the renal function due to chronic kidney damage.


Obstruction

Blockage of the normal flow of the contents of an anatomical passageway.


negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


negative regulation of mesonephros development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


determination of liver left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


melanosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a melanosome.


endometriosis

The growth of functional endometrial tissue in anatomic sites outside the uterine body. It most often occurs in the pelvic organs.


regulation of vascular wound healing

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


sorting endosome

A multivesicular body surrounded by and connected with multiple tubular compartments with associated vesicles.


negative regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) kinase activity.


Penile Infection

An infectious process affecting the penis.


membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


stress response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a copper ion stimulus.


shoulder

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle).


metanephric glomerular mesangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.


Neonatal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs during the neonatal period.


amelogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).


Diverticulosis

A finding indicating the presence of multiple pouches, usually in the colonic or gastric wall.


regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


sialylation

The covalent attachment of sialic acid to a substrate molecule.


clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.


lip

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth.


regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion

Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.


aortic valve

Cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of aortic valve.[FMA].


Chronic hepatitis

Hepatitis that lasts for more than six months.


Lewy body

Cytoplasmic, spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons, and composed of abnormally phosphorylated, neurofilament proteins aggregated with ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein.


diosmin

A disaccharide derivative that consists of  diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


secondary heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).


Postoperative infection

Any infection documented following a surgical procedure that was not evident or suspected prior to the procedure.


FHF complex

A protein complex that is composed of AKTIP/FTS, FAM160A2/p107FHIP, and one or more members of the Hook family of proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2, and HOOK3. The complex is thought to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion, and associates with the homotypic vesicular sorting complex (the HOPS complex).


nitric oxide transport

The directed movement of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


renal water absorption

A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


virus-mediated perturbation of host defense response

A process in which a virus interferes with the ability of the host to mount a defense in response to its presence. Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Erosion of oral mucosa

Loss of the superficial layer of the oral mucosa usually resulting in a shallow or crusted lesion.


response to clozapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clozapine stimulus.


TORC1 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p.


regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER.


regulation of protein homotetramerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.


Catalysis of the addition of a galactosyl residue to a non-reducing O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an O-glycan.


lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a lipoprotein particle.


ferric iron binding

Binding to a ferric iron ion, Fe(III).


elbow joint

A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol].


peptidyl-serine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-serine.


regulation of protein glycosylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


atrial septum primum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.


disaccharide binding

Binding to a disaccharide. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.


tRNA transport

The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dendrite regeneration

The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


glycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


Sleep terror

Episodes of intense fear, screaming, and flailing occur even though the affected individuals are still asleep.


regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste

The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process

Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.


myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


righting reflex

A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host apoptosis

A process in which a symbiont gene product inhibits host apoptosis, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Hyphema

Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.


regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.


response to aluminum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.


single base insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single base insertion or deletion.


protein deglutamylation

The removal of a glutamate residue from a protein. Glutamate residues in proteins can be gene-encoded, or added as side chains during the protein modification process of polyglutamylation.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


interleukin-7 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.


axon guidance receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.


glutamate-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


primary lung bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.


eosinophil differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.


renal interstitial fibroblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.


response to nitrosative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.


histone arginine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine.


cGMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in metanephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).


regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


second spliceosomal transesterification activity

Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure.


retinal pigment epithelium development

The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


interleukin-27 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-27 receptor.


regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


restrictive cardiomyopathy

A type of heart disorder referring to the inability of the ventricles to fill with blood because the myocardium (heart muscle) stiffens and looses its flexibility. Causes include replacement of the myocardium with scar tissue, abnormal cellular infiltration of the myocardium, or deposition of a substance (e.g., amyloid) in the myocardium.


intracellular ferritin complex

A ferritin complex located in the cell. Intracellular ferritin complexes contain 24 subunits, in a mixture of L (light) chains and H (heavy) chains.


negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


relaxation of cardiac muscle

The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density.


copper ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell.


tRNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of a tRNA molecule; observed for His tRNAs.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


dichotomous subdivision of an epithelial terminal unit

The process in which an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end.


intracellular potassium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of potassium ions within a cell.


regulation of eosinophil degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of eosinophil degranulation.


Limb Cramp

An involuntary contraction of a muscle in an extremity.


activation of Janus kinase activity

The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


regulation of membrane repolarization during action potential

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane repolarization during an action potential. Membrane repolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, towards the resting potential.


positive regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


ribbon synapse

Type of synapse characterized by an electron-dense ribbon, lamella (bar) or spherical body in the presynaptic process cytoplasm.


plus-end kinesin complex

Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule.


Salmonella sepsis

Sepsis due to the presence of Salmonella bacteria in the bloodstream.


ovarian follicle rupture

Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.


nucleobase-containing small molecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.


intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitric oxide within a cell.


Self-mutilation

Deliberate harm to one's body resulting in tissue damage, without a conscious intent to die.


positive regulation of helicase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.


MMXD complex

A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation.


vitamin E metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


response to ionomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.


regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha1-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gq alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


BLOC-3 complex

A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps1 and Hps4 proteins.


pericardium disorder

A disease involving the pericardium.


esophageal atresia

A congenital abnormality of the esophagus in which the upper esophagus ends as a blind pouch and does not connect with the lower esophagus; it is often accompanied by a tracheoesophageal fistula. Signs and symptoms in a newborn with this abnormality include excessive salivation, choking, coughing, and the development of cyanosis and respiratory distress when fed.


translational frameshifting

A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon.


cutis laxa

Cutis laxa (CL) is an inherited or acquired connective tissue disorder characterized by wrinkled, redundant and sagging inelastic skin associated with skeletal and developmental anomalies and, in some cases, with severe systemic involvement. Several different forms of inherited CL have been described, differentiated on the basis of the mode of inheritance and differences in the extent of internal organ involvement, associated anomalies and disease severity.


oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of oxidized bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone.


ovulation from ovarian follicle

The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.


kidney smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


axillary artery

Artery that supplies the axilla.


noradrenergic neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


sphinganine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


pyruvate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


host intracellular part

Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


G protein-coupled UDP receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UDP.


prosaposin receptor activity

Combining with prosaposin to initiate a change in cell activity. Prosaposin is the glycoprotein precursor of four cleavage products (saposins A, B, C and D).


positive regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


hyalurononglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate.


hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


negative regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


AMPA glutamate receptor activity

An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.


regulation of interleukin-18 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.


voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


negative regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.


interleukin-2 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-2 receptor.


glutamate reuptake

The uptake of L-glutamate by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


negative regulation of SNARE complex assembly

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


norepinephrine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


dehydroascorbic acid transport

The directed movement of dehydroascorbate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, is an oxidized form of vitamin C.


commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain

The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain.


familial hypercholesterolemia

An inheritable form of hyperlipidemia, in which there are excess lipids in the blood.


ascending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.


response to interleukin-9

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.


spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


response to vitamin B1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.


Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

A generalized state of dysregulated inflammation induced by noninfectious processes. It is characterized by two or more of the following signs and symptoms: fever or hypothermia, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, and abnormal white blood cell count.


response to nematode

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.


T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 2 cell.


gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor. It is usually located in the pancreas but it is also found at other anatomic sites, including the stomach and small intestine.


intestinal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus.


vestibulocochlear nerve

Cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.


Perirenal hematoma

A collection of clotted blood surrounding the kidney.


AMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


Food Poisoning

Any disorder that results from the consumption of food contaminated with an infectious agent or toxin.


circadian regulation of translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA translation with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


MSL complex

A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residue at position 16. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, and MSL1, MSL2 and MSL3.


regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.


asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an asparagine-accetping tRNA.


endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.


regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.


choline binding

Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.


positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


positive regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


MutSalpha complex binding

Binding to a MutSalpha mismatch repair complex.


clomocycline

Tetracycline in which the hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by chlorine and a hydrogen attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group. A tetracyline antibiotic, it is used to treat acne, urinary tract infections, gum disease, and other bacterial infections such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia.


negative regulation of neutrophil degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.


erythema infectiosum

A self-limited viral infectious disorder caused by the human parvovirus B19. It affects predominantly children and is characterized by the development of a bright red skin eruption in the cheeks. It is followed by a maculopapular skin eruption in the extremities which eventually fades into a lacey pattern.


succinate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


enteroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.


lumbar disk degenerative disorder

Any degenerative disorder affecting one or more vertebral disks of the lumbar spine.


renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex

A protein complex containing one Bcl protein and one or more copies of NF-kappaB2; formation of complexes of different stoichiometry depends on the Bcl3:NF-kappaB2 ratio, and allow Bcl3 to exert different regulatory effects on NF-kappaB2-dependent transcription.


hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.


sterol response element binding

Binding to a sterol response element (SRE), a nonpalindromic sequence found in the promoters of genes involved in lipid metabolism.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.


protein myristoylation

The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein.


butyrate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.


tRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a uracil residue in a tRNA molecule.


regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.


Allergy to penicillin

An allergy to Penicillin.


filtration diaphragm

A specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.


positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


RNA surveillance

A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant RNAs.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic sector F(1)

The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.


splenic artery

An artery that supplies the spleen.


macrophage migration inhibitory factor receptor complex

A protein complex that binds macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Comprises CD74 and CD44 cell surface proteins.


regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


regulation of Golgi organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi organization.


cell septum assembly

The assembly and arrangement of a cellular component that is composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials and usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha. It grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.


response to lipoteichoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine

The process in which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction.


Foot pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the foot.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


post-translational protein acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


severe acute respiratory syndrome

A viral respiratory infection caused by the SARS coronavirus. It is transmitted through close person-to-person contact. It is manifested with high fever, headache, dry cough and myalgias. It may progress to pneumonia and cause death.


maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate.


AMP transport

The directed movement of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-lysine transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-lysine across a membrane.


positive regulation of amino acid transport

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


vasopressin receptor activity

Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


AF-2 domain binding

Binding to an AF-2 protein domain, a highly conserved ligand-dependent transactivation domain which is essential for receptor-mediated transcriptional activation.


beta-1 adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to a beta-1 adrenergic receptor.


complement binding

Binding to a component or product of the complement cascade.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate + phosphate.


malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.


oncostatin-M receptor complex

A heterodimeric receptor for the cytokine oncostatin-M (OSM). In humans the receptor complex is made up of the gene products gp130 and OSMR-beta.


cellular response to cisplatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.


hyperamylasemia

Abnormally high level of amylase in the blood.


xenobiotic transmembrane transport

The process in which a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it, is transported across a membrane. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


7S RNA binding

Binding to a 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).


epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis

Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis.


cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-axon interactions

The movement of cerebral cortex neuronal precursors tangentially through the cortex using interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.


SCF complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.


auditory behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to a sound.


dysplasia of cervix

Abnormal development of immature squamous epithelial cells of the uterine cervix, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical epithelium. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial basement membrane.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of endosome size

Any process that modulates the volume of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis.


neuropeptide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction.


L-allo-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.


Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof.


Moderate albuminuria

The presence of moderately increased concentrations of albumin in the urine, defined as and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30 to 299 mg/gm (3.4 to 34 mg/mmol).


epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in placental branching

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a trophoblast cell elongates to contribute to the branching of the placenta.


urea channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of urea (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


protein autoprocessing

Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. G-CSF binds to the receptor (CSF3R).


pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity. A pheromone is a substance used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species eliciting a change in sexual or social behavior.


pyrimidine nucleotide transport

The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


TCR signalosome

A multi-protein complex containing at least the T-cell receptor complex and the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) scaffold protein. Also contains a variety of signaling proteins including co-receptors, kinases, phosphatases and adaptors such as CD8. Connects events on the plasma membrane to distal signaling cascades to ultimately modulate T cell biology.


radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.


regulation of female receptivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances.


CRLF-CLCF1 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene) and cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (product of the CRLF gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space. The CRLF-CLCF1 complex is a ligand for the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor complex.


phospholipase D activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.


flavone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).


Harderian gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.


positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


endometrium adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma arising from the uterine body cavity. This is the most frequent malignant tumor affecting the uterine body, and is linked to estrogen therapy. Most patients present with uterine bleeding and are over age 40 at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor, the depth of the uterine wall invasion, and the histologic subtype. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most frequently seen morphologic variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma.


L-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


regulation of peroxisome size

Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


middle ear

The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window)[GO].


negative regulation of cell volume

Any process that decreases cell volume.


Acne aggravated

A flare of acne which may be precipitated by variety of factors, including hormonal activity, stress, oils and oily cosmetics, sweat, overwashing, and certain foods and drugs.


Sinus Node Dysfunction (disorder)

A derangement in the normal functioning of the sinoatrial node. Typically, SA node dysfunction is manifest as sinoatrial exit block or sinus arrest, but may present as an absolute or relative bradycardia in the presence of a stressor. It may be associated with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome


epinephrine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


phosphothreonine residue binding

Binding to a phosphorylated threonine residue within a protein.


Bacterial peritonitis

Peritonitis that is caused by a bacterial infection.


Monocytosis

An increased number of circulating monocytes.


NADH oxidation

A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD+.


3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding

Binding to a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase.


lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell.


protein K27-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K27-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


bevantolol

A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.


cellular response to morphine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


inner kinetochore

The region of a kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA which contains many CENP proteins organized in various subcomplexes including CENP-C, CENP-LN, CENP-HIKM, CENP-OPQUR and CENP-TWSX, but excluding the CENP-A containing heterochromatin.


positive regulation of NK T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.


chromaffin granule

Specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


monocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.


oxo-acid-lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, of a 3-hydroxy acid.


presynaptic active zone organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic active zone.


negative regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


hair follicle maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.


AP-1 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-1 adaptor complex. The AP-1 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).


lipopolysaccharide receptor complex

A multiprotein complex that consists of at least three proteins, CD14, TLR4, and MD-2, each of which is glycosylated and which functions as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor that primes the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens.


L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


negative regulation of interleukin-13 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.


renal system pattern specification

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate into the anatomical structures of the renal system.


detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


cellular response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.


phosphatidate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule.


endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide binding

Binding to an endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the endoplasmic reticulum.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Grb2-EGFR complex

A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Grb2, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


viral release from host cell

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, e.g. by cell lysis or the budding of virus particles from the cell membrane.


superior vena cava syndrome

Obstruction of the blood flow in the superior vena cava caused by a malignant neoplasm, thrombosis, or aneurysm. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. Signs and symptoms include swelling and cyanosis of the face, neck, and upper arms, cough, orthopnea, and headache.


female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion

The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.


tooth eruption

The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.


autocrine signaling

Signaling between cells of the same type. The signal produced by the signaling cell binds to a receptor on, and affects a cell of the same type.


Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


neural plate axis specification

The pattern specification process in which the axes of the nervous system are established.


structural constituent of skin epidermis

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an epidermal cutaneous structure.


regulation of Golgi inheritance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of Golgi inheritance. Golgi inheritance is the partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.


Sec61 translocon complex

A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.


IgA binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype.


PSA Progression

The amount of prostate specific antigen is increased, based on pre-defined thresholds.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host gene expression

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the normal execution of host gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


negative regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


superior mesenteric artery

Mesenteric artery that supplies the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


Acute phase response

Presence of one or more manifestations of the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins (APP) are blood proteins primarily synthesized by hepatocytes as part of the acute phase response (APR). The APR is part of the early-defense or innate immune system, which is triggered by different stimuli including trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and inflammation. The APR results in a complex systemic reaction with the goal of reestablishing homeostasis and promoting healing.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.


regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


negative regulation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway (NLR) pathway.


smoothened binding

Binding to a smoothened (smo) protein, which interacts with patched to transmit hedgehog signals.


gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell or a tissue. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues.


auditory receptor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation. The satellite cell activation is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.


pyrimidine-containing compound transmembrane transport

The process in which a pyrimidine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A pyrimidine-containing compound is any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


dimethylallyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylallyl diphosphate.


armadillo repeat domain binding

Binding to an armadillo repeat domain, an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila segment polarity protein armadillo. Arm-repeat proteins are involved in various processes, including intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal regulation.


response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


bundle of His cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a bundle of His cell.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


regulation of xenophagy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.


central serous chorioretinopathy

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a disease that causes fluid to build up under the retina, the back part of the inner eye that sends sight information to the brain. The fluid leaks from thechoroid (theblood vessel layer under the retina). The cause of this condition is unknown but stress can be a risk factor. Signs and symptoms include dim and blurred blind spot in the center of vision, distortion of straight linesand seeingobjectsas smaller or farther away. Many cases of central serous chorioretinopathy improve without treatment after 1-2 months. Laser treatment may be an option for other individuals.


positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


optic vesicle morphogenesis

The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis in a mitochondrion.


regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


Breast Microcalcification

Tiny deposits of calcium in tissue.  In the breast they can be seen using mammography, and if found in clusters may be indicative of breast cancer.


negative regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.


deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


sperm ejaculation

The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract.


beta-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain (3S)-3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a long-chain 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


insulin-responsive compartment

A small membrane-bounded vesicle that releases its contents by exocytosis in response to insulin stimulation; the contents are enriched in GLUT4, IRAP and VAMP2.


uterine disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the uterine corpus or the cervix. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include endometritis and cervicitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include endometrial carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and cervical carcinoma.


maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.


petrous part of temporal bone

The petrous portion of the temporal bone or pyramid is pyramidal and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents for examination a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and contains, in its interior, the essential parts of the organ of hearing. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium.[WP,unvetted].


double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


isoprenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity

Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to interleukin-7

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


folic acid-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid and its derivatives.


epidermal growth factor binding

Binding to epidermal growth factor.


angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior

The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.


glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


inherited lipid metabolism disorder

An inherited metabolic disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency, resulting in an inability to oxidize fatty acids for energy production.


floor plate development

The progression of the floor plate over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


cardiac muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.


Odynophagia

Pain experienced with swallowing.


Clumsiness

Lack of physical coordination resulting in an abnormal tendency to drop items or bump into objects.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Additional adaptor proteins may be present. Class III PI3Ks have a substrate specificity restricted to phosphatidylinositol (PI).


retinal ischemia

A ischemic disease that involves the retina.


positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.


peroxiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithol + ROOH = [protein]-disulfide + H2O + ROH.


regulation of helicase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helicase activity.


actin filament severing

The process in which an actin filament is broken down into smaller filaments.