positive regulation of developmental vegetative growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.


helvolic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of helvolic acid.


modulation by symbiont of entry into host

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: aldehydo-L-xylose + NADP+ = L-xylono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


podocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a glomerular visceral epithelial cell.


cell wall organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.


arabinan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide = ribose-5-phosphate + a pyrimidine.


protein localization to cell-cell junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction.


cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADH

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


male analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc.


RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RNA containing 2'-O-methylribonucleotide.


regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the hair cycle.


rDNA chromatin condensation

The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.


toluene-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


cyanophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.


far-red light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal

The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.


Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ = coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH.


box H/ACA RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.


acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.


response to caloric restriction

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.


uridine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uridine, uracil riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


altruistic, chimeric sorocarp development

Development of a chimeric sorocarp in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


chemotaxis to folate

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.


perturbation of host systemic acquired resistance

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsorubin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsorubin.


instar larval or pupal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-glucose = UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl(1,2)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol.


protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-DNA-RNA complex into its constituent components.


anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.


alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.


modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


Sertoli cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a Sertoli cell.


cell proliferation involved in heart valve development

Any cell proliferation that is involved in heart valve development.


response to tellurium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


histone H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me2.


UUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUG codon.


pyruvate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.


negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P) = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one + carbon dioxide + NAD(P)H.


positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


positive regulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3-amino-6-acetamidohexanoate = L-glutamate + 3-oxo-6-acetamidohexanoate.


endoplasmic reticulum inheritance

The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a phenol = UDP + an aryl beta-D-glucoside.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


phosphomevalonate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ADP + H+.


mesonephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + octanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N6-octanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


palmatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


positive regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of of cGAS/STING signaling pathway.


cellular response to cyclosporin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.


regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the potential difference across a presynaptic membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + palmatine.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


inulin binding

Binding to inulin.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


L-lysine 6-transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.


cuticle chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.


histone H3R26 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 26) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 26). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 26 of histone H3.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-positive bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2beta,3beta-dihydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADP + H2O.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H2O.


Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


retinal rod cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.


detoxification of zinc ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.


negative regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium

Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal glycine residue to form N-palmitoyl-glycine.


arsenate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + thioredoxin = arsenite + thioredoxin disulfide. Thioredoxin disulfide is also known as oxidized thioredoxin.


mRNA cap binding

Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.


negative regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


4-methyleneglutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamine + H2O = 4-methylene-L-glutamate + NH4.


protein ADP-ribosyltransferase-substrate adaptor activity

An enzyme-substrate adaptor that bings together a protein ADP-ribosyl transferase and its substrate.


cellobiose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cellobiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


labyrinthine layer formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-oxalocrotonate = CO2 + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


superior olivary nucleus formation

The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF7 activity

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7). IRF7 a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.


negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


fraxetin 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalyzes the reaction fraxetin+ NAD(P)H + 02= sideretin + NAD(P)(+) + H20.


positive regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


lipid modification by small protein conjugation

A lipid modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target lipid.


n-octane oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA.


regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Any process that modulates stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


deoxyinosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a target cell in the epidermis that contributes to the migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epidermis.


regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


mannan 1,3-beta-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose.


negative regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


mitochondrial seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


determination of stimulus intensity

The determination of the perceived strength of a sensory stimulus.


negative regulation of heart induction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


cellular response to interleukin-32

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity

Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.


translocation of molecules into host

The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + ATP = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


tonic skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within tonic skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The tonic skeletal muscle is characterized by long lasting contractile responses and high resistance to fatigue.


beta-L-rhamnosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-L-rhamnose residues in beta-L-rhamnosides.


11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinol + NADP = 11-cis-retinal + NADPH + H+.


coenzyme F420-0 gamma-glutamyl ligase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.


queuosine salvage

Any process which produces queuosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


neuropore closure

The process of joining together the neural folds at either end of the neural tube.


acetate kinase (diphosphate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetate + diphosphate = acetyl phosphate + phosphate.


12-demethyl-elloramycin C12a O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 12-demethyl-elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


leaf vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.


pentalenolactone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentalenolactone.


adamantanone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


angioblast cell migration

The orderly movement of angioblasts, cells involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a demethylmenaquinol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a menaquinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + a glucosylceramide = a lactosylceramide + uridine-5'-diphosphate. The glucosylceramide has sphinganine as the long chain base.


raffinose alpha-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + H2O = alpha-D-galactose + sucrose.


positive regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.


cathasterone hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = teasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A.


cellular response to kainic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.


glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine.


aconitate delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-aconitate = cis-aconitate.


phenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + X-HPO3- = XH + phenylphosphate.


maintenance of protein localization at cell tip

Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the cell tip.


plastid chromosome packaging

A process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of plant organs (leaves or leaf-like structures) or flower primordia around a central axis.


NADH dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + plastoquinone = NAD+ + plastoquinol.


negative regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


suture of dorsal opening

Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole.


photoperiodism, flowering

A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.


structural constituent of presynaptic active zone

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic active zone.


symbiont genome ejection through host cell envelope, long flexible tail mechanism

Entry of a symbiont's genome into the host cell through the host cell envelope via a long, flexible tail ejection system consisting a baseplate, a central tube and a terminator complex which attaches the tail to the phage capsid. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers genome ejection into the host cell cytoplasm. Occurs in non-enveloped prokaryotic viruses.


4-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: p-nitrophenol + O2 + NADPH = H2O + NADP+ + nitrite + p-benzoquinone.


cinnamoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + N-isopropylacetanilide.


entry of intact viral capsid into host nucleus through nuclear pore complex

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid passes intact through the host nuclear pore complex (NPC).


rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.


posterior head segmentation

Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the third glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cadmium (Cd) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+.


cellular response to hesperadin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.


indoleacetaldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime = (indol-3-yl)acetonitrile + H2O.


acetylspermidine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = acetate + spermidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene = 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


cellular response to linoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


hydrogen peroxide channel activity

Enables the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from one side of a membrane to the other.


plant-type cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


peripheral tolerance induction

Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


glucose-6-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucose-6-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


cellopentaose binding

Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


glucuronate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate.


deglucuronidation

The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylmuramate (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylmuramate-6-phosphate (in).


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


3-dehydrosphinganine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sphinganine = 3-dehydrosphinganine + H+ + NADPH.


beta-diketone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nonane-4,6-dione = butanoate + H+ + pentan-2-one.


cholestanol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + epidihydrocholesterin + O2 + NADPH = (22alpha)-hydroxy-cholestanol + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH(2).


tryptophanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophanamide + H2O = L-tryptophan + NH4.


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + UDP-D-glucose = (-)-menthyl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol.


large ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

Binding to large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.


regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP+ = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (hydroxybenzoly-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


quinolinate synthetase A activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.


pronephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH = dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADP.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a retinoic acid receptor in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


cell wall thickening

A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.


Catalysis of the reaction: siroheme + 2 H+ = Fe(2+) + sirohydrochlorin.


iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammeline + H2O = N-cyclopropylammelide + NH3.


cellular response to humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


ligand-gated monoatomic anion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic anion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


phosphoanandamide dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated anandamide.


lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


nicotinamide riboside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of Purkinje myocyte action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.


K11-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys11 residue of ubiquitin.


oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


white fat cell differentiation involved in mammary gland fat development

The process in which a preadipocyte acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte of the mammary gland. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.


membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the atrial cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


perillyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


aerobic fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen.


(-)-microperfuranone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-microperfuranone.


steroid 9-alpha-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione = 9,11alpha-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + A + H2O.


cholesterol storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


positive regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


hepatic stellate cell migration

The orderly movement of a hepatic stellate cell from one site to another.


optokinetic behavior

The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.


regulation of neuroblast migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-11 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


response to methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


negative regulation of sporulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H+ + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD+.


negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


prosthetic group catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: rhamnose(out) + H+(out) = rhamnose(in) + H+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.


floral whorl structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.


negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host translation

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts translation of mRNA into protein in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen

The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.


negative regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


ent-kaurene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaur-16-ene + diphosphate.


fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester.


regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


Catalysis of the reaction: NDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = NDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1.


achromobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, from one side of a membrane to the other.


succinyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + succinyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + succinate.


trichome patterning

The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes.


ADD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + reduced ferredoxin + O2 = 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin.


benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + acetoin = 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate + acetaldehyde.


pyrrolysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


abscisic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of abscisic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


iprodione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prodione, a colorless, odorless crystal. It is used as a dicarboximide contact fungicide to control a wide variety of crop diseases by inhibiting the germination of spores and the growth of the fungal mat (mycelium).


omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an omega-hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a omega-hydroxyacyl-CoA.


8-oxo-dADP diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-dADP + H2O = 8-oxo-dAMP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


negative regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


GTP guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP + H+ = P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate + diphosphate + H+.


sorbose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carboxyspermidine + H2O + NADP = L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + 1,4-butanediammonium + NADPH + H+.


The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


columbamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 columbamine + O2 = 2 berberine + 2 H2O.


gonad morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals.


abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP+ + H2O.


phytochelatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.


pole cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


large intestinal transit

Migration of ingested material along the length of the large intestine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate + H+ = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate + CO2.


cystine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cystine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


monensin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monensin A.


ocellus pigment granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + H2O.


box H/ACA snoRNP assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box H/ACA snoRNA to form a box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


nipple sheath formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the nipple sheath from the unspecified epidermis. This process begins with a circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout. It ends before the region begins to elevate.


cellular response to organic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.


glycolytic fermentation via PFL pathway

The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, followed by pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) activity. This pathway is found in facultative anaerobes such as E. coli.


gibberellin A34 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A34 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = gibberellin A34 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: ribitol phosphate(n) + CDP-ribitol = ribitol phosphate(n+1) + CMP.


ductus venosus closure

The morphogenesis process in which the ductus venosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + O2 = CO2 + L-gamma-glutamyl-(3R)-L-beta-ethynylserine + succinate.


F2-isoprostane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F2-isoprostane.


peptidyl-L-cysteine S-myristoylation

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NAD(P)H + 3-hydroxyphenylacetate = H2O + NAD(P)+ + homogentisate.


4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ = isopentenyl diphosphate + NAD(P)+ + H2O. Note that (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate is an alternative name for 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate.


dextrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dextrin.


cellular response to triglyceride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.


limonene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + O2 + NADH + H+ = (4R)-perillyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.


enamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + 2 H2O = 2-formylglutarate + NH4.


gentamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gentamycin.


umami taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble umami compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of umami taste, the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + isopropylamine.


T-helper 1 cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 1 cell.


formamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formamide + H2O = formate + NH4.


metanephric proximal straight tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule.


hydroxyversicolorone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versicolorone + NADP = hydroxyversicolorone + NADPH.


cellular response to prolactin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus.


cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.


regulation of tube size, open tracheal system

Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape.


negative regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


transforming growth factor beta2 production

The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


corazonin receptor activity

Combining with the neuropeptide corazonin to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid from a cell.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.


contractile vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a contractile vacuole. A specialized vacuole that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H+.


negative regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.


B cell inhibitory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a B cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


negative regulation of RNA helicase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.


regulation of telium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


dihydrofolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.


trigeminal motor nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to cation stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


heart rudiment morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinate + succinyl-CoA = (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + succinate.


cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


emericellamide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide.


carotenoid isomerooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Zeaxanthin + O2 = (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal.


cellular response to adenine starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of adenine.


pyrene 4,5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O.


pivalate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pivalate + H+ + HSCoA + ATP = pivalyl-CoA + PPi + AMP.


2-methylbutanoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.


homeostasis of number of retina cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.


ABC-type phytochelatin transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate.


regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 2-polyprenylphenol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 2-polyprenylphenol and 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol.


protein-DNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


protein glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.


fluoride channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of fluoride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


regulation of heart contraction involved in acute-phase response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


medial-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi trans cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a medial-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi trans cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.


negative regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

The process in which a chemical substance modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


R8 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.


CYP79F1 trihomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP + 6-methylthiohexanaldoxime.


hexose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) = hexose(in).


fosfomycin 2-L-cysteine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + L-cysteine = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-L-cysteine-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.


aryl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + GDP + H+.


eugenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to haloperidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.


diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


pyrimidine nucleoside interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleoside is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleoside.


uterine smooth muscle relaxation

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the uterus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine 18 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylguanosine 18 in tRNA + H+.


negative regulation of response to butan-1-ol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.


negative regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


G protein-coupled ADP receptor activity

Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


phycocyanobilin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions or pathway resulting in the formation of phycocyanobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase (HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha. Biliverdin IX alpha is subsequently converted to phycocyanobilin by a ferredoxin-dependent oxidoreductase (PCYA).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhydantoin + ATP + 2 H2O = N-carbamoylsarcosine + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin -> L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O.


negative regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


organosilicon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon.


microglia differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.


regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + O2 = phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + 2 H+.


histone H2B kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2B.


HLA-A specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.


negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of leucine import

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


chondro-6-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.


mesonephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesonephric mesenchymal cell population.


dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


spinothalamic tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling.


glutarate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction glutarate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate + CO2.


peptidyl-thyronine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of peptidyl-thyronine from peptidyl-tyrosine in thyroglobulin by phenyl transfer coupled with the formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methyluridine.


positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.


lymphatic endothelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a lymphatic endothelial cell from one site to another in the wall of a lymphatic vessel.


iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: isopiperitenone = piperitenone.


central T cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus.


ABC-type betaine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + a betaine(in).


specification of petal identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


DOPA dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the 4,5-ring opening reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + O2 = 4,5-seco-DOPA. 4,5-seco-DOPA spontaneously recyclizes to form betalamic acid.


alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glucose + protein = alpha-D-glucosyl-protein + ADP.


initiation of neural tube closure

The process in which closure points are established at multiple points and along the neural rostrocaudal axis.


viral exocytosis

The exit of a fully formed virion particles from the host cell by exocytosis via a host vesicle.


1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene monooxygenase (quinone-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol + O2 = flaviolin-2-olate + H2O + H+.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


epidermal cell division

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.


peptidyl-sarcosine incorporation

The incorporation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) into non-coded peptides.


formylmethionine deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine + formate.


mannosylglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a mannosylglycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.


histamine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + histamine = N(tau)-methylhistamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


prunasin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-prunasin + H2O = D-glucose + mandelonitrile.


D-xylose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


GUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUA codon.


endosulfan sulfate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.


envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.


petal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception

The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.


alkene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O.


symbiont-mediated activation of host MAPK cascade

A process in which a symbiont subverts a MAPK signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+.


positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


kinetochore disassembly

The disaggregation of a kinetochore into its constituent components.


protein denaturation

Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.


heme B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


adhesion receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that does not mediate or trigger entry into the host cell. This binding is typically reversible and enhances significantly infectivity by concentrating the virus in the vicinity of its entry receptors, or bringing it to an organ in which its target cells are located.


but-1-en-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: buten-2-one + NADPH + H+ = butan-2-one + NADP.


U6 2'-O-snRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an U6 snRNA molecule.


olefinic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + homoeriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pronephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros.


clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.


cell-cell self recognition

A cell-cell recognition process by which a cell distinguishes between self and non self during cooperative behavior, such as early development.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate.


immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


medulla oblongata structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.


negative regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


adamantanone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


maltoheptaose binding

Binding to maltoheptaose.


cellular response to palmitoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.


mature B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by biomineralization

The process of hardening a chitin-based cuticle by mineral incorporation. For example, the cuticle of crustaceans is hardened by the incorporation of calcium carbonate.


guanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


mycotoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.


guard cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


cell differentiation involved in mesonephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


lactoperoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a phenolic donor + H2O2 = 2 a phenolic radical donor + 2 H2O.


6C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.


initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


guaiacyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guaiacyl lignin.


phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.


envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


negative regulation of penile erection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome C-553 + formate = ferrocytochrome C-553 + CO2.


metanephric late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


protein-ribulosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-ribulosyl-L-lysine = ADP + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-ribulosyl)-L-lysine.


protein formylation

The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.


regulation of synaptic activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.


interleukin-19 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-19 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


regulation of signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


lumen formation, open tracheal system

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine32 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine32 in tRNA.


acylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acylglycerol = ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


ABC-type maltose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).


kolavenyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-kolavenyl diphosphate.


cycloheximide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cycloheximide from one side of a membrane to the other. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.


guanidinoacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H2O = glycine + urea.


blood vessel diameter maintenance

Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.


medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


enterobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


cerebral blood circulation

The flow of blood through the network of arteries and veins supplying the cerebrum, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


eosinophil fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.


envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network membrane.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion.


formate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from one side of a membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


striated muscle paramyosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the paramyosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


norsolorinic acid ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + NADP+ = norsolorinic acid + NADPH.


protein localization to pericentriolar material

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.


formate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-aspartate.


nylon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.


isoleucine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ = (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


structural constituent of cell wall

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.


determination of imaginal disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.


anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(14,15-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.


early viral transcription

The first phase of viral transcription that occurs after entry of the virus into the host cell, but prior to viral genome replication. It involves the transcription of genes for non-structural proteins, and for lytic viruses, the early gene products are involved in establishing control over the host cell.


response to lipoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


aurone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments.


mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-60 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mitochondrial mRNA primary transcript. Mitochondria contain both stabilizing and destabilizing poly(A) tails.


nucleus disassembly

The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components.


spermathecum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.


Schwann cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a Schwann cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


response to butyrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.


histone H2AX kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone variant H2AX.


Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl aldehyde + NADP + H2O = 2 H+ + trans-sinapate + NADPH.


erythronolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6 malonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA = 7 CoA + 6-deoxyerythronolide B.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-methylsalicylaldehyde.


modulation of biological quality in another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


CAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAU codon.


positive regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


regulation of viral translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone + CO2.


ascorbate glutathione cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.


rhabdomere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a rhabdomere are generated and organized. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


histone H4 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H4.


isobutylamine N-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isobutylamine + NADPH + O2 = isobutylhydroxylamine + NADP+ + H2O.


adhesion to host cell via type IV pili

Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


agmatinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H2O = putrescine + urea.


amitosis

Nuclear division that occurs by simple constriction of the nucleus without chromosome condensation or spindle formation.