organelle membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between the membranes of an organelle with another membrane, either another membrane of the same organelle, a membrane of another organelle, or the plasma membrane. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are structured by bridging complexes. They are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.


neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


intercostal muscle

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib.


myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching

The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


Physical Assault

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall.


enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation[GO].


interleukin-6 production

The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine46 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N7-methylguanosine46 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex

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A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.


heterochromatin formation

An epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in which chromatin is compacted into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation.


serotonin receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.


succinate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA.


Bone pain aggravated

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


BRCA1-A complex

A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, RAP80/UIMC1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45, FAM175A/CCDC98/Abraxas and MERIT40/NBA1, and specifically recognizes and binds K63-linked polyubiquitin chains present on histone H2A and H2AX at DNA damage sites.


meiotic sister chromatid segregation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.


myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


lactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.


water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


placenta disorder

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A disease involving the placenta.


protein C-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a C atom.


eustachian tube disorder

A disease involving the pharyngotympanic tube.


fructose transmembrane transport

The directed movement of fructose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels.


alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


type IV hypersensitivity disease

A disease that has its basis in the disruption of type IV hypersensitivity.


DNA ligase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


cervix erosion

Loss or destruction of the epithelial lining of the uterine cervix.


insulin autoimmune syndrome

Insulin autoimmune syndrome is a rare condition that causes low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This occurs because the body begins to make a specific kind of protein called antibodies to attack insulin. Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone that is responsible for keeping blood sugar at a normal level. When blood sugar levels get too high, insulin helps to store the sugar for future use. People affected by insulin autoimmune syndrome have antibodies that attack insulin, causing it to work too hard and the level of blood sugar to become too low. Insulin autoimmune syndrome most often begins during adulthood.


V1A vasopressin receptor binding

Binding to a V1A vasopressin receptor.


positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


serine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


pentose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


follicular thyroid adenoma

A benign, encapsulated tumor, arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It may be associated with thyroid hormone secretion but it does not have malignant characteristics.


regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.


lipid antigen binding

Binding to a lipid antigen.


regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


cellular response to pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)


retrograde amnesia

The loss of access to memories that were previously encoded; this disorder is most commonly preceded by trauma, including physical brain injury, stroke, or seizure, but may also be psychogenic in origin. Memory loss may be temporary or permanent, but the ability to encode new memories or skills is not generally affected.


cellular response to nitrogen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.


geranyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes.


rhombomere 4 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


blood vessel maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.


ulnar artery

The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted].


negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


response to hydrostatic pressure

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.


intussusception

Telescoping or invagination of a part of the intestine into an adjacent segment.


arachidonic acid secretion

The controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.


ADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


mitochondrion distribution

Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.


single thymine insertion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single thymine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired thymine.


urolithiasis

Stone(s) within the urinary tract.


smooth muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


Disturbance in mood

A change in disposition or state of mind.


lipoprotein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


acetic acid

A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.


plasmacytoma

Plasmacytoma is a localized mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells that represents approximately 5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. There are two separate entities: primary plasmacytoma of the bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma of the soft tissues. Of the extramedullary plasmacytomas, 80% occur in the head and neck, usually in the upper respiratory tract. The median age at diagnosis is 50 years and the male to female ratio is 3:1. Long-term survival is possible following local radiotherapy, particularly for soft tissue presentations.


positive thymic T cell selection

The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


ventricular zone neuroblast division

The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.


Steroid-induced myopathy

A non-neoplastic disorder affecting the skeletal muscles. It is caused by damage to muscle fibers either by excessive intake of corticosteroids (steroid treatment) or high levels of endogenous corticosteroids due to hormonal abnormalities. Patients usually present with weakness mainly in the proximal muscles of the upper and lower extremities and the neck flexors.


Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.


thyroid hormone binding

Binding to thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


metanephric tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.


trioxsalen

7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.


HAUS complex

A protein complex that localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle tubules and regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome integrity; in human, the complex consists of eight subunits, some of which are homologous to subunits of the Drosophila Augmin complex.


cerebellar cortex maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.


pronephric nephron tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct.


7-methylguanosine mRNA capping

Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript.


germ cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches.


regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphocytic-histiocytic predominance

A subtype of classical Hodgkin lymphoma with scattered Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells and a nodular or less often diffuse cellular background consisting of small lymphocytes and with an absence of neutrophils and eosinophils. (WHO, 2008)


DUBm complex

A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.


vitamin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.


tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production

The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


neuronal stem cell population maintenance

Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.


positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.


pulmonary emphysema

A subcategory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It occurs in people who smoke and suffer from chronic bronchitis. It is characterized by inflation of the alveoli, alveolar wall damage, and reduction in the number of alveoli, resulting in difficulty breathing.


ammonia ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of ammonia (NH3) to another substance via a carbon-nitrogen bond with concomitant breakage of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


intracellular triglyceride homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of triglyceride within a cell.


alcohol withdrawal delirium

An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical characteristics include confusion; delusions; vivid hallucinations; tremor; agitation; insomnia; and signs of autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., elevated blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, and diaphoresis). This condition may occasionally be fatal. It was formerly called delirium tremens. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1175)


sulfation

The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.


response to potassium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


myeloid leukocyte cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid cell.


intracellular pH elevation

Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


pole plasm

Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.


dihydrofolate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.


glenohumeral joint

The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted].


temperature-gated cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).


keratinocyte migration

The directed movement of a keratinocyte, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another.


effusion

A collection of fluid in a body cavity, which may be the result of a non-neoplastic disorder (e.g. heart failure) or a tumor (e.g. carcinoma of the lung).


regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.


fumarate reductase complex

A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR004224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)).


fibrillar collagen trimer

Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.


lactate transmembrane transport

The process in which lactate is transported across a membrane. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


regulation of tau-protein kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.


endocardium formation

Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


MAPK export from nucleus

The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


oxidative demethylation

The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.


negative regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


endoribonuclease complex

A protein complex which is capable of endoribonuclease activity.


protein-RNA complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components.


Breakthrough pain

A episode of severe pain that breaks through (i.e., temporarily exacerbates) a period of persistent pain.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


Shock from electric current

A brief, unintentional exposure to an electric current, which may result in local tissue damage due to thermal injury or in a cardiac dysrhythmia.


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.


polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3'-end of the target RNA.


potassium deficiency

A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing polyuria and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary polydipsia. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)


supramolecular fiber organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.


vulvitis

Inflammation of the vulva. It is characterized by pruritus and painful urination.


acute closed-angle glaucoma

Acute form of angle-closure glaucoma.


ovarian follicle atresia

A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed.


sex-chromosome dosage compensation

Compensating for the variation in the unpaired sex chromosome:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by activation or inactivation of genes on one or both of the sex chromosomes.


cefoperazone

A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.


positive regulation of acrosome reaction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


negative regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.


Neck Edema

Swelling due to an accumulation of excessive fluid in the neck.


negative regulation of immunoglobulin production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


cellular lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


precocious puberty

Unusually early sexual maturity.


pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


alpha-2C adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to an alpha-2C adrenergic receptor.


negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


hypotrichosis

A congenital condition, usually due to genetic aberrations, that is characterized by a lack of hair growth on the head and/or body.


Renal Colic

Paroxysmal and severe flank pain radiating to the inguinal area. It is caused by the passage of a kidney stone through the ureter.


stem cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + dolichyl phosphate = GDP + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate.


norepinephrine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


ureteral obstruction

Blockage in any part of the ureter causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as hydronephrosis and obstructive nephropathy.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alditol + NADP+ = an aldose + NADPH + H+.


esophageal varices

Abnormally dilated veins of the esophagus.


post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway

Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors.


SUMO polymer binding

Binding to a polymer of the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


metallochaperone activity

Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.


GDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.


positive regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle

A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing glutamate.


dATP binding

Binding to dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate.


inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


salt transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of salt from one side of a membrane to the other.


membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential

The process in which SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


menaquinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


atrophy of testis

Loss of testicular volume.


basal protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose-6-phosphate + phosphate.


doxacurium

A mixture of the (1R,2S,1'S,2'R), (1R,2S,1'R,2'S) and (1S,2R,1'S,2'R) stereoisomers (a meso isomer and two enantiomers, respectively) of 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxobutane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxypropane-3,1-diyl)]bis[6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium], all of which are in a trans configuration at the 1 and 2 positions of the tetrahydroisoquinolinium rings. A competitive neuromuscular blocker, the chloride salt is used to provide muscle relaxation in general anaesthesia and to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients in intensive care.


positive regulation of interleukin-17 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.


positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.


mammary placode formation

The developmental process in which the mammary placode forms. The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper.


alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Alanine is 2-aminopropanoic acid.


scleroderma

Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of the skin and, sometimes, other organs. It is classified into two main forms: localized scleroderma and systemic sclerosis (SSc), the latter comprising three subsets; diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and limited SSc (lSSc).


complement component C3b binding

Binding to a C3b product of the complement cascade.


cerebellar cortex structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


moxalactam

A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.


fucose binding

Binding to fucose, the pentose 6-deoxygalactose.


proteasome regulatory particle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome regulatory particle complex.


Golgi reassembly

The reformation of the Golgi following its breakdown and partitioning contributing to Golgi inheritance.


Bell's palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of a person's face. It is caused by damage to the seventh cranial nerve. It is usually temporary but it may recur.


hyoid bone

A horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. [WP,modified].


small cell lung carcinoma

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm, accounting for 10-15% of lung cancer cases, characterized byrapid growth, and early metastasis. SCLC usually manifests as a large hilar mass with bulky mediastinal lymphadenopathy presenting clinically with chest pain, persistent cough, dyspnea, wheezing, hoarseness, hemoptysis, loss of appetite, weight loss, and neurological and endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. SCLC is primarily reported in elderly people with a history of long-term tobacco exposure.


Decreased red blood cell count

An abnormal reduction below the normal number of red blood cells per volume in the circulation.


siderophore transport

The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of stem cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division.


late viral transcription

The transcription of the final group of viral genes of the viral life cycle, following middle transcription, or where middle transcription doesn't occur, following early transcription. Involves the transcription of genes encoding structural proteins.


phosphorylase kinase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a.


Hyperfibrinogenemia

Increased concentration of fibrinogen in the blood.


interferon-beta production

The appearance of interferon-beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


exocyst localization

Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


DNA replication origin binding

Binding to a DNA replication origin, a unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA replication is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally.


pituitary tumor

A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the pituitary gland. The vast majority are adenomas arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.


surfactant homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of a surface-active agent that maintains the surface tension of a liquid.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


astrocyte end-foot

Terminal process of astrocyte abutting non-neuronal surfaces in the brain.


Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.


U6 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U6 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U6 snRNA both while the U6 snRNP is free or assembled into the U4/U6 snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (4S)-perillyl alcohol + H2O + NADP+.


retinal degeneration

Degeneration of the retina.


magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of magnesium (Mg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of resting membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a resting potential, the electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior. The resting potential is the membrane potential of a cell that is not stimulated to be depolarized or hyperpolarized.


positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


Teething syndrome

An expected condition experienced by children during the emergence of deciduous teeth. Though a full set of 20 primary teeth takes more than two years to emerge, teething syndrome may be variably noted from the first paired eruption (usually at the sixth month) until the last. Characteristically, irritability, inflamed gingivae, drooling and chewing on solid objects may be seen several days prior to the eruption with rapid resolution. Typically, the lower central incisors appear first followed by the upper central incisors. Molars and canine teeth are the last to erupt.  Anecdotal associations with fever and diarrhea are misattributed.


oligosaccharyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


histone H4R3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H4, producing histone H4R3me.


tongue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


JUN phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein.


B cell homeostatic proliferation

The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


fucosylation

The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule.


pivmecillinam

A penicillanic acid ester that is the [(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl ester and prodrug of mecillinam.


regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated

Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.


Fractured rib

A partial or complete breakage of the rib.


Fetal acidosis

An abnormally high hydrogen ion concentration (umbilical arterial blood pH less than 7.00) in fetal blood or tissue.


prenylation

The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a molecule; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.


Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Organ or tissue damage due to diabetes mellitus. It includes heart disease and stroke, renal disease and renal failure, retinopathy, neuropathies, and erectile dysfunction.


neurotrophin TRKB receptor binding

Binding to a neurotrophin TRKB receptor.


positive regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


negative regulation of oocyte maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.


oculomotor nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the oculomotor nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


transepithelial transport

The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other.


negative regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.


somatic recombination of T cell receptor gene segments

The process in which T cell receptor genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as T cell receptor gene segments.


regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell

Any endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.


transmitter-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


embryonic cleavage

The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg.


microcephaly

A congenital or acquired developmental disorder in which the circumference of the head is smaller than normal for the person's age and sex.


Hypoplastic anemia

Anemia with varying degrees of erythrocytic hypoplasia without leukopenia or thrombocytopenia.


forebrain neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain.


response to follicle-stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


protein adenylylation

The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid.


amrinone

A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.


sterol transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sterol are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


Benign neoplasm of female breast

A neoplasm that arises from the breast in females and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


carcinoma of esophagus

Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is a tumor arising in the epithelial cells lining the esophagus and can be divided into two subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).


Orthopnea

A sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position, relieved by sitting or standing.


regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


CD8 receptor binding

Binding to a CD8, a receptor found on the surface of thymocytes and cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes.


glucagon receptor activity

Combining with glucagon and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding

Binding to a DNA segment that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA.


regulation of translational initiation by iron

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translation of certain mRNAs involved in iron metabolism; regulated by the concentration of iron.


cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the salivary gland.


regulation of TORC1 signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.


negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


transition between slow and fast fiber

The process of conversion of slow-contracting muscle fibers to a faster character. This may involve increasing of contractile rate, fast myosin gene induction, increase in glycolytic metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


integrin alpha2-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


modulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.


labyrinthine layer morphogenesis

The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta is generated and organized.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and oxygen acts as an electron acceptor.


'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan or aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


negative regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


Seroma

A collection of serum in the body.


G protein-coupled receptor complex

A protein complex that contains G protein-coupled receptors.


inferior colliculus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin, lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subdivisions: the central nucleus (CIC), a dorsal cortex (DCIC) by which it is surrounded, and an external cortex (ICX) which is located laterally.


tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + ATP + tRNA(Tyr) = L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


regulation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway (NLR) pathway.


regulation of myoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.


collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


clathrin coat of coated pit

The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


facial muscle

A muscle innervated by a facial nerve.


cellular response to water stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

The glutamate receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


macula lutea

An oval area in the retina, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototopic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed).


susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


polyamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative degradation or interconversion of polyamines.


Shuffling gait

A type of gait (walking) characterized by by dragging one's feet along or without lifting the feet fully from the ground.


regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.


regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


SNARE complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SNARE complex, a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


lipid phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = a lipid + phosphate.


alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of zinc.


mammary gland involution

The tissue remodeling that removes differentiated mammary epithelia during weaning.


regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


chronic primary adrenal insufficiency

A chronic disorder of the adrenal cortex resulting in the inadequate production of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones.


cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering S phase via a positive feedback mechanism between the regulation of transcription and G1 CDK activity.


negative regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.


progesterone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by progesterone binding to its receptor in the cytoplasm.


stereotypic movement disorder

Motor behavior that is repetitive, often seemingly driven, and nonfunctional. This behavior markedly interferes with normal activities or results in severe bodily self-injury. The behavior is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. (dsm-iv, 1994)


primary amine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a primary amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


ripoptosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ripoptosome, a protein complex whose formation can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more.


Left ventricular hypertrophy

Enlargement or increased size of the heart left ventricle.


atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.


Cdc73/Paf1 complex

A multiprotein complex that associates with RNA polymerase II and general RNA polymerase II transcription factor complexes and may be involved in both transcriptional initiation and elongation. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Paf1p, Cdc73p, Ctr9p, Rtf1p, and Leo1p.


cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


antifungal humoral response

An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster.


exo-alpha-(2->3)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


complement component C1q complex binding

Binding to a C1q complex, a component of the classical complement cascade.


regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.


interleukin-5 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-5 receptor.


subthalamus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis.


corticotropin secretion

The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus.


Pyrin domain binding

Binding to a Pyrin (PAAD/DAPIN) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that has the same fold as the Death domain.


extracellular matrix constituent, lubricant activity

Functions as a lubricant for an extracellular matrix, such as a mucous membrane.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-1 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


mepyramine

An ethylenediamine derivative that is  ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.


regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


integrin alpha9-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


transformation of host cell by virus

A virus-induced cellular transformation resulting in immortalized cells, or cells capable of indefinite replication.


acid-amino acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


left lung morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized.


hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism is is an endocrine disorder in which the parathyroid glands in the neck do not produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH). Common signs and symptoms includeabdominal pain, brittle nails, cataracts, dry hair and skin,muscle cramps,tetany, pain in the face, legs, and feet, seizures, tingling sensation,and weakened tooth enamel (in children). It may be caused byinjury to the parathyroid glands (e.g., during surgery). Other causes, include low blood magnesium levels, a side effect of radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism, metabolic alkalosis, DiGeorge syndrome, and type I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome. The goal of treatment is to restore the calcium and mineral balance in the body.


nail development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nail over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the outer end of a finger or toe, and consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.


mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding

Binding to a region containing frequent adenine and uridine bases within the 3' untranslated region of a mRNA molecule or in pre-mRNA intron. The ARE-binding element consensus is UUAUUUAUU. ARE-binding proteins control the stability and/or translation of mRNAs.


pICln-Sm protein complex

A protein complex that contains pICln (CLNS1A) and several Sm proteins, including SmD1, SmD2, SmE, SmF, and SmG.


pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.


positive regulation of urine volume

Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


leukostasis

A disorder involving the aberrant infiltration and aggregation of leukocytes into the vasculature of the body. Leukostasis is typically detected in the brain and lungs of persons with leukemia. It requires substantial ablative modalities to both reduce the number of cells present and to ensure dispersion of the aggregates.


Increased Therapeutic Response

An increase in the desirable and beneficial effects resulting from a medical  treatment.


pulmonary valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


positive regulation of centriole replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.


Catheter related infection

An infection that arises secondary to catheter use.


iodide transport

The directed movement of iodide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


inositol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


negative regulation of plasminogen activation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


opioid receptor binding

Binding to an opioid receptor.


spontaneous synaptic transmission

The low level of synaptic transmission that occurs via spontaneous neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft in the absence of a presynaptic action potential.


positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


response to heparin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.


positive regulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.


deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


Lewy body core

The center portion of a Lewy body. In Parkinson's disease, it contains a matted meshwork of filaments.


cellular response to cGMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


deoxynucleoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2'-deoxynucleoside = ADP + 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


sequestering of actin monomers

The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers.


positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis.


cerebellar degeneration

Degeneration of the cerebellum. It may be an inherited condition, a paraneoplastic syndrome, or secondary to autoimmune disorders.


regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.


L-asparagine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-asparagine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-asparagine is the L-enantiomer of alpha-aminosuccinamic acid.


regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell.


congenital factor XI deficiency

Congenital factor XI deficiency is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by reduced levels and activity of factor XI (FXI) resulting in moderate bleeding symptoms, usually occurring after trauma or surgery.


vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity

Combining with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


T follicular helper cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell.


pro-B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.


dysentery

Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious diarrhea of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing toxins, biological derived from bacteria or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery feces then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with abdominal pain; fever; and dehydration.


response to interleukin-15

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


3M complex

A protein complex, at least composed of CUL7, CCDC8 and OBSL1, that is required for maintaining microtubule and genome integrity.


cytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H2O = uridine + NH3.


polyarteritis nodosa

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare, clinically heterogeneous, rheumatologic disease characterized by necrotizing inflammatory lesions affecting small- and medium-sized blood vessels. PAN most commonly affects skin, joints, peripheral nerves, the gut, and the kidney.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation

Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


Fever Chills

Shivering secondary to a febrile process.


regulation of receptor clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.


smooth muscle hyperplasia

A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


pyridine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


pointed-end actin filament capping

The binding of a protein or protein complex to the pointed (or minus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


positive regulation of T cell cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


neuron cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.


cementum mineralization

The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum.


fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to bone

Evidence of secondary malignant neoplasm of bone and bone marrow.


chronic urticaria

An urticaria that is characterized by the presence of urticaria for a period exceeding 6 weeks, assuming symptoms for most days of the week.


chloride:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in).


polydactyly

A disease characterized by the presence of polydactyly, including syndromic and non-syndromic forms.


ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


DNA polymerase binding

Binding to a DNA polymerase.


Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.


DNA recombinase assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins.


penetration of zona pellucida

The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


positive regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


venous blood vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.


regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.


positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


motor neuron migration

The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


laminin-5 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have side chains with a negative charge at pH 7.3.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


extracellular matrix assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix.


Chronic pain

Persistent pain, usually defined as pain that has lasted longer than 3 to 6 months.


postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering

The clustering process in which postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) molecules are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. PSD-95 is mostly located in the post synaptic density of neurons, and is involved in anchoring synaptic proteins.


virion binding

Binding to a virion, either by binding to components of the capsid or the viral envelope.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in kidney development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the kidney over time.


estrous cycle

A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.


cellular response to amine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


nuclear migration

The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.


ethanol binding

Binding to ethanol, CH(3)-CH(2)-OH.


Femur fracture

A break or crush injury of the thigh bone (femur).


lung induction

The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.


deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening.


Fontanelle Bulging

Membranous areas between cranial bones in a newborn that appear elevated or full.


positive regulation of fibrinolysis

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


superior olivary nucleus maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


anterior spinal artery syndrome

Ischemia or infarction of the spinal cord in the distribution of the anterior spinal artery, which supplies the ventral two-thirds of the spinal cord. This condition is usually associated with atherosclerosis of the aorta and may result from dissection of an aortic aneurysm or rarely dissection of the anterior spinal artery. Clinical features include weakness and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury, with relative sparing of position and vibratory sensation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1249-50)


high-density lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.


positive regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


posterior mesonephric tubule development

The progression of the posterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


Microscopic hematuria

Microscopic hematuria detected by dipstick or microscopic examination of the urine.


regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


dermatan sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate, any glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


astral microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.


regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration, by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


positive regulation of xenophagy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.


Cytopenia

A laboratory test result indicating an abnormally low quantity of circulating blood cells.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-12 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cerebellar granular layer formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


ribonuclease inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ribonuclease.


catecholamine secretion

The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process is independent of ubiquitination.


regulation of cytolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


diencephalon morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.


calcium import into the mitochondrion

A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


UBC13-MMS2 complex

A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p.


platelet alpha granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.


inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that prevents the activation of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in an apoptotic process.


Abnormal leukocyte morphology

An abnormality of leukocytes.


peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


positive regulation of protein lipidation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.


common hepatic duct

Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP].


torsion dystonia

Sustained involuntary muscle contractions that produce twisting and repetitive movements of the body.


positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


carbohydrate kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.


negative regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.


ossification involved in bone remodeling

The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.


release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum

The process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.


nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change

The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA.


forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification

The creation of specific areas of progenitor domains along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing forebrain.


negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


gingival disorder

A disease involving the gingiva.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.


Decreased serum creatinine

An abnormally reduced amount of creatinine in the blood.


negative regulation of glucokinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


D1 dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a D1 dopamine receptor.


alcohol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.


Prinzmetal angina

A syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) at rest that occurs in cycles. It is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls rather than directly by atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries). For a portion of patients Prinzmetal's angina may be a manifestation of vasospastic disorder and is associated with migraine, Raynaud's phenomenon or aspirin-induced asthma.


isolated growth hormone deficiency type IA

An isolated growth hormone deficiency characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of severe dwarfism with onset by 6 months of age and variable development of antibodies to growth hormone following exogenous supplementation that has material basis in null mutations in the GH1 gene on chromosome 17q23.3.


protein nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide group to an amino acid within a protein.


response to phenylpropanoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a phenylpropanoid stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. A phenylpropanoid is any of secondary metabolites with structures based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.


spongiotrophoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.


short-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.


renal sodium ion absorption

A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a short-chain fatty acid. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing fewer than 6 carbons.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus

The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin, in response to a glucose stimulus.


elastin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.


microtubule nucleation by microtubule organizing center

The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the microtubule organizing center.


skeletal myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.


Uric acid crystalluria

The presence of uric acid crystals in the urine.


negative regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


cytidine to uridine editing

The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.


insulin-like growth factor ternary complex

A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


dynactin complex

A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.