5S rRNA primary transcript binding

Binding to an unprocessed 5S ribosomal RNA transcript.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reactions: taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O, and lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O.


non-myelinated axon ensheathment in central nervous system

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system.


trans-ACOHDA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate + H2O = fumarylpyruvate + NH3.


GAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAA codon.


6-phospho-beta-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O = 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcohol.


rosmarinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate.


proteasome-nuclear membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a proteasome complex and a nuclear inner membrane, to maintain the nuclear membrane localization of the proteasome.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cobalt (Co) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


response to low humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of low humidity stimulus, reduced moisture in the atmosphere.


positive regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine(58) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H(+) + N(1)-methyladenosine(58) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


malate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H+.


anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


negative regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: oxalate + succinyl-CoA = oxalyl-CoA + succinate.


photorespiration

A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.


funalenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of funalenone.


serine racemase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of free D-serine from L-serine.


regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


larval heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.


renal capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


negative regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


anterior neural tube closure

The step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired anterior neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.


choline sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + choline = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + choline sulfate + H+.


negative regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


maintenance of protein location in chloroplast

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


complement component C3a receptor activity

Combining with the C3a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-L-dihydrostreptose + streptidine 6-phosphate = O-(1->4)-alpha-L-dihydrostreptosyl-streptidine 6-phosphate + dTDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone.


negative regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


fructose 6-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-6-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Lands organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.


regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) = quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-beta-hydroxytaxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2alpha, 7-beta-dihydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


anterior neural plate formation

The formation of anterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


menstrual cycle

A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.


envenomation resulting in muscle damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.


RNA ligase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ribonucleotide(n) + ribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + ribonucleotide(n+m).


benzoylformate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoylformate = benzaldehyde + CO2.


germacrene C synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = germacrene C + diphosphoric acid.


viral capsid assembly

The assembly of a virus capsid from its protein subunits.


Catalysis of the transfer of an oleoyl (systematic name, (9Z)-octadecenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


glutamate catabolic process to 4-hydroxybutyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into 4-hydroxybutyrate.


regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


maltodextrin water dikinase

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a maltodextrin = AMP + hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


poly(alpha-L-guluronate) lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing a terminal alpha-L-guluronate group = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing a terminal a-L-guluronate group, to give oligopolysaccharides with 4-deoxy-a-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defenses

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the normal execution of a host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide.


response to ribavirin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA + succinate.


choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.


proton motive force-driven plasma membrane ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


dense core granule docking

The initial attachment of a dense core granule membrane to the plasma membrane.


protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain.


isopeptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + NAD(P)+ = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + NAD(P)H + H+.


iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide

The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


ethylene-activated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gliotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose.


response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + NH3.


myoblast fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


protein catabolic process at presynapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse.


malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + CO2.


The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to a peroxisome via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


pentitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-sulfopyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+.


cyclohexanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol = (3Z)-hex-3-en-1-yl acetate + coenzyme A.


palmitic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of palmitic acid.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness.


spliceosomal complex disassembly

Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure.


L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD+ = L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADH.


geranial dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranial + NAD+ + OH- = geranylate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: p-hydroxybenzoate + solanesyl pyrophosphate = nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


transforming growth factor beta receptor superfamily signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a member of the transforming growth factor receptor superfamily, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon.


regulation of seed growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.


rubrospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.


endosulfan monooxygenase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan sulfate + H2O.


peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine residues by deamidation and esterification with omega-hydroxyceramide.


all-trans retinoic acid 4-hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-(4S)-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


integument development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the integument over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Integument is one of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex.


octanoic acid binding

Binding to octanoic acid.


basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any basement membrane assembly that is involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


follicle cell of egg chamber-cell adhesion

The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + A + H2O.


norbixin methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: norbixin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = bixin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of a ketone group to form the corresponding alcohol.


tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine(34) in tRNA = 5'-deoxyadenosine + carboxymethyluridine(34) in tRNA + CoA + 2 H+ + L-methionine.


Catalysis of the reaction: sterol + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sterol ester + acylglycerol.


deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage near pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.


ventral aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


cardiac glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation involved in translation

An N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation process that contributes to translation.


protein localization to microtubule minus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule minus-end.


positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticulinium(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (R)-laudanine(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


malonate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonate = acetate + malonyl-CoA.


regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


estradiol binding

Binding to estradiol.


positive regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.


lateral mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


cholesterol 26-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of cholesterol at position 26 of the side chain, to produce 26-hydroxycholesterol.


histone H4K91 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 4 at the lysine-91 residue.


adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster.


serine-isocitrate lyase pathway

A one-carbon metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is produced from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.


benzo(a)pyrene 11,12-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-11,12-epoxide.


cellular response to proline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


suberin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.


Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.


epithelial cell migration involved in nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to nephron tubule morphogenesis.


F-9775A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775A.


glyoxylate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + H+ + oxalate.


isopentenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenol.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with other known acceptors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which phosphorus or arsenic acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a known acceptor other than disulfide, NAD or NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene-18-al + H2O + NAD+ = abieta-7,13-diene-18-oate + NADH + H+.


mesenchymal stem cell migration involved in uteric bud morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another contributing to the shaping of the ureteric bud. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H+.


inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides.


positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.


7-epi-alpha-selinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) = (-)-7-epi-alpha-selinene + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from peptidoglycan.


UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-arabinose = UDP-alpha-D-xylose.


preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.


D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the addition of a terminal nucleotide to an RNA molecule in the absence of a nucleic acid template.


myristoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myristic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + myristoyl-CoA.


xylulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


regulation of lipid localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 2 H+.


3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(out) + H+(out) = 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(in) + H+(in).


norepinephrine-mediated vasodilation

A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


3'-5' RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of an RNA helix in the 3' to 5' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.


facial nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.


petromyzonol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5alpha-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol = 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-yl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


glucose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) = glucose(in).


metanephric cap morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric cap are generated and organized. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + diphosphate = O-phospho-L-serine + H+ + phosphate.


benzylsuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + toluene = 2-benzylsuccinate.


3-dehydroquinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.


fibroblast proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblasts, resulting in the expansion of a fibroblast population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


brassinosteroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.


xyloglucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


regulation of leaflet formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaflet formation.


chemosensory jump behavior

The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.


lincomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lincomycin.


positive regulation of eating behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.


solanidine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + solanidine = H+ + gamma-chaconine + UDP.


glucuronate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the 2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate residues of chondroitin sulfate, heparin and heparitin sulfate.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards nucleus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus using host microtubules.


regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone, five-membered saturated heterocyclic ring structures containing a sulfur and a nitrogen in the 1-position and 2-positions respectively.


lactaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = (S)-lactate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsenous acid + R2S-CH3 = trimethylarsine oxide + R2SH.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including glycine and succinyl-CoA.


cap snatching

A transcription initiation process during which a nucleotide sequence between 10 and 20 nucleotides in size is cleaved from the 5' end of host mRNAs by a viral RNA-dependent polymerase. The capped leader sequence obtained is subsequently used to prime transcription on the viral genome, which ultimately leads to the synthesis of capped, translatable viral mRNAs.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H2O.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which glycerol is converted into glycerone and NAD+ or NADP is reduced.


extrasynaptic signaling via GABA

Cell-cell signaling that starts with the activation of extrasynaptic GABA receptors in neurons through binding of ambient gamma-aminobutyric acid present in the extracellular fluid.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


imidazole N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1H-imidazole + acetyl-CoA = N-acetylimidazole + CoA.


protein-phosphocysteine-D-sorbitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-sorbitol(out) = protein cysteine + D-sorbitol-1-phosphate(in).


galactitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


very long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a very long-chain fatty acid residue. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,5-dichlorocatechol + NADP+ + H2O.


cuticle development involved in chitin-based cuticle molting cycle

The synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based non-cellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


vascular endothelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate.


cellular response to methotrexate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrate + NAD(P)H + H+.


peptidyl-lysine myristoylation

The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine.


Catalyzes the reaction: ATP + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + uracil in tRNA + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster = AMP + diphosphate + 4-thiouracil in tRNA + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-L-cysteine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.


regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


cellular response to strigolactone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.


regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


posterior midgut invagination

Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior.


erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an erythrocyte.


endocrocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving endocrocin.


regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


salutaridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> salutaridine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


tartrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tartrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Tartrate is the anion of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, one of the aldaric acids. The L(+) enantiomer occurs widely in plants, especially in grape juice, and in fungi and bacteria.


demethylkotanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving demethylkotanin.


cellular response to trichostatin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


symmetric cell division

Cell division in which both daughter cells are of the same type.


gliotoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + oxaloacetate = L-aspartate + glyoxylate.


epithelial cell maturation involved in salivary gland development

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methyluracil.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


blood microparticle formation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell.


histone H3K79 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl79-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl79-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of up to three methyl group to the lysine residue at position 79 of the histone H3 protein, producing H3K79me3.


toxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


fucokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fucose + ATP = beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


penicillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. Penicillins are produced naturally during the growth of various microfungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.


RNA dihydrouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA-uracil + NAD(P)+ = RNA-dihydrouridine + NAD(P)H + H+.


behavioral response to ether

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.


hydrogen dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + NAD+ = H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + hydrogen sulfide + O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA(Cys) = L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) + phosphate.


gibberellin A12 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H = 16alpha, 17-epoxy gibberellin A12 + H2O + NAD(P).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + dolichol = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyldolichol.


nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.


negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.


nicotinate N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinate = N-methylnicotinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


beta-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.


peptidyl-cysteine S-carbamoylation

The carbamoylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine.


formimidoylglutamate deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = N-formyl-L-glutamate + NH3.


Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.


alkanesulfonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of alkanesulfonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle

The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


N6-methyl-(d)ATP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction N6-methyl-(d)ATP + H2O = N6-methyl-(d)AMP + diphosphate + H+.


negative regulation of mammary gland involution

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.


isooctane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isooctane + 1/2 O2 = 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene + diphosphate.


tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system

Formation of the tracheal pits, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal pits arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mitotic M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


precorrin-3B synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + precorrin-3A = H2O + NAD+ + precorrin-3B.


lipid droplet localization to prospore membrane leading edge

Any process in which a lipid droplet is transported to, or maintained to the prospore membrane leading edge.


inulin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inulin.


phaseollidin hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phaseollidin hydrate = H2O + phaseollidin.


chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


1,8-cineole synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) + H2O = 1,8-cineole + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteinyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


branched-chain amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of branched-chain amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by type II interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


dUMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = luteolin-7-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of xylogalacturonate by cleavage of the alpha-(1,4)-linkage. Xylogalacturonate (XGA) is composed of a chain of alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues with beta-D-xylose substituted at the O3 position.


inulin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inulin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + NADP+ = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + H+ + NADPH.


pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate = 2 H2O + H+ + phosphate + pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.


aspartate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = D-aspartate.


N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host vacuole organization

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts vacuole organization in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (+)-delta-cadinene + NADPH + O2 = 8-hydroxy-(+)-delta-cadinene + NADP + H2O.


hydroxylamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxylamine + O2 = H2O + H+ + nitrite.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.


synaptic membrane adhesion to extracellular matrix

The binding of a synaptic membrane to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


long tract gene conversion

A gene conversion process in which a segment of more than 1000 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.


pentose catabolic process to butyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butyrate.


base J metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.


kinetoplast DNA replication

The process of doubling of the number of maxicircles and minicircles and distribution of the progeny into two daughter networks, which are identical to the parent kinetoplast DNA network.


cellular response to arachidonic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.


determination of left/right asymmetry in diencephalon

The establishment of the diencephalon with respect to the left and right halves.


4-hydroxy-L-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-threonine = glycolaldehyde + glycine.


spheroidene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spheroidene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ADP + 2 H+.


negative regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.


granulosa cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a granulosa cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a granulosa cell fate.


positive regulation of renal albumin absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.


negative regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


GA20 2,3-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = gibberellin A5 + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


lysosomal lumen pH elevation

Any process that increases the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


thermomorphogenesis

The suite of morphological and architectural changes in an organism induced by high ambient temperatures, below the heat-stress range.


positive regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.


lamina terminalis formation

The process in which the anterior-most portion of the neural axis is formed by closure of the anterior neuropore.


peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.


tRNA seleno-modification

The substitution of a selenium atom for a sulfur atom in a ribonucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


chromatin-protein adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a nucleosome, to establish or maintain the chromatin localization of the protein, or protein complex.


cellular response to oscillatory fluid shear stress

Any response to oscillatory fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.


mRNA N6-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N6-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N6-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.


protein-containing complex localization to centriolar satellite

A protein-containing complex localization by which the complex is transported to, or maintained in, the centriolar satellite.


regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a retinal cone cell.


response to diosgenin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.


cell migration involved in heart jogging

The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching

The process in which a ureteric bud bifurcates at its end.


thiocyanate peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate (SCN-) + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) = hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) + 2 H2O. Catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of thiocyanate.


floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a lipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Na+(out) = K+(in) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress

Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phenylalanine(out) + H+(out) = phenylalanine(in) + H+(in).


response to quetiapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quetiapine stimulus.


positive regulation of chromosome separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.


interleukin-1 alpha production

The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


low-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


(3R)-(E)-nerolidol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = (3R,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphoric acid.


glucose 1-phosphate phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into glucose 1-phosphate to produce glucose bisphosphate.


sialate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + cation(out) = sialate(in) + cation(in).


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xyloglucan side chains so as to remove unsubstituted D-xylose residues attached to the glucose located at the non-reducing terminus.


allene-oxide cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,13S,15Z)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoate = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate.


symbiont-mediated activation of host interferon signaling pathway

A process in which a symbiont subverts an interferon-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.


dGTP biosynthetic process from dGDP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.


negative regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


periclinal cell division

A cell division process where the division plane is parallel to the surface of the organ. It creates a new cell layer or cell file.


beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a beta-catenin destruction complex into its constituent components.


oximinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate + acetone = acetone oxime + pyruvate.


maltose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose = beta-maltose.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host small GTPase-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a small GTPase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


microtubule polymerization based movement

The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization.


ectodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


cellular response to Thyroid stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.


polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + O2 = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + H2O2.


glycine N-choloyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + glycocholate.


cellular response to nitroglycerin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


white fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.


myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: shikimate(out) + H+(out) = shikimate(in) + H+(in).


xanthan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthan = oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl end + pyruvylate mannose. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of the terminal beta-D-mannosyl-beta-D-1,4-glucuronosyl linkage of the side-chain of the polysaccharide xanthan, leaving a 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl group at the terminus of the side-chain.


B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen

B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.


inductive mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell changing the fate of the endodermal cell.


aerobic electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


beta1-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta1-adrenergic receptors.


rhombomere 8 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + NADPH = dihydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADP.


membrane bending

A membrane organization process resulting in the bending of a membrane.


cyclopentanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 5-valerolactone + H2O + NADP+.


zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


EGF-domain serine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine = UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + (15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate = NAD(P)H + H+ + 15-oxo-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate.


evasion of host restriction-modification system

A process by which a symbiont evades the DNA restriction modification system of its host. This process occurs in phages to protein themselves from bacterial restriction enzyme systems. Some viruses encode their own methyltransferase in order to protect their genome from host restriction enzymes. Others directly inhibit restruction enzymes while some use unusual bases in their genome to avoid restriction.


response to molybdenum starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of molybdenum.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = H+ + 2-(3-methylthiopropyl)malate + coenzyme A.


gluconate 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-fructose(out) + Na+(out) = D-fructose(in) + Na+(in).


GGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGG codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-Serine + Selenohomocysteine => L-Selenocystathionine + H2O.


regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


iodotyrosine deiodinase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: 2 iodide + L-tyrosine + 2 NADP+ = 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine + H+ + 2 NADPH. Note that this activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 3-deiodination. 3-bromo-L-tyrosine and 3-chloro-L-tyrosine can also be used as substrates.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane cholesterol

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to cholesterol on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.


S-glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.


membrane repolarization during Purkinje myocyte action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the Purkinje myocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


eclosion rhythm

The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.


P-type cobalt transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cobalt(out) = ADP + phosphate + cobalt(in).


chenodeoxycholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chenodeoxycholate + NAD+ = 7-oxolithocholate + H+ + NADH.


lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


vanillin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP+ = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H+ + NADPH.


benzoyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoyl-CoA.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.


ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + H2O = L-glutamyl-[protein] + ADP-ribose.


AUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUC codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ = cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-4-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


cellular response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


cerebellum formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


presynaptic cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures and their associated proteins in the presynaptic cytoskeleton.


cyanamide hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urea = cyanamide + H2O.


dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.


ureter smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the ureter. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


negative regulation of endocardial cushion cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion cell differentiation.


nitroimidazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.


regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H2O = 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxymethylsalicylate + NADH + 2 H+.


xanthone-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xanthone-containing compound.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+. In the reverse reaction, a mixture of GDP-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer is formed.


anticlinal cell division

A cell division process where the division plane is perpendicular to the surface of the organ. It adds cells to the existing cell layer or cell file.


L-phenylalaine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-phenylalanine + O2 = 3-phenylpyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+).


L-fuconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate + H2O.


cellular response to lipoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a beta-sitosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-beta-sitosterol.


cellular metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


secondary branching, open tracheal system

Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


anther septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anther septum is a thin partition or stretch of cells that are present in the anther dehiscence zone.


guanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


positive regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.


negative regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


regulation of auxin polar transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auxin polar transport.


apical ectodermal ridge formation

The process that gives rise to the apical ectodermal ridge. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


NAD+- protein-lysine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + N(6)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence processing

The removal of the signal peptide from a nascent protein during cotranslational membrane targeting.


Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17alpha 3-D-glucuronoside + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 17alpha-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-estradiol 3-D-glucuronoside + H+ + UDP.


system process

A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.


Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to homogentisic acid.


methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methylgalactoside from one side of a membrane to the other. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.


proton motive force dependent protein transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of proteins from one side of a membrane to the other. Transportation is dependent on pH gradient across the membrane.


cell wall organization involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

A process of cell wall organization that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: GMP + diphosphate = guanine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


Delta12-linoleate epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + NADPH + O2 = 1-palmitoyl-2-vernoloyl-phosphatidylcholine + NADP + H2O.


protein glucuronylation

The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronylation, the addition of a glucuronate group, the uronic acid derived from glucose.


regulation of oomycete sporangium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.


light-activated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a light stimulus.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from fructose-6-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from fructose-6-phosphate.


vesicle targeting to fusome

The recruitment of vesicles to the fusome. The vesicles become the fusome tubule network and are necessary for the assembly of the fusome.


turning behavior

Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.


phenylboronic acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylboronic acid + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = phenol + B(OH)3.


naphtho-gamma-pyrone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphtho-gamma-pyrone.


dGTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


rhombomere formation

The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


Sertoli cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of Sertoli cells is acquired and determined.


CENP-A eviction from euchromatin

A chromatin remodeling process in which CENP-A is removed from euchromatin regions to prevent neocentromere formation.


negative regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + aspartyl-tRNA(Asn) + ATP = L-glutamate + asparaginyl-tRNA(Asn) + phosphate + ADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CC end + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


negative regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


N-glycan diversification

The generation, in the Golgi apparatus, of side chain diversity from high mannose Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans by specific glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.


regulation of cell diameter

Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzene-1,2,4-triol + O2 = maleylacetate + 2 H(+).


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine, via the intermediate N-carbamoylputrescine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in two single enzymatic steps.


5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'deoxyadenosine + H2O = 5'deoxyinosine + NH3.


negative regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


inferior olivary nucleus formation

The process that gives rise to the inferior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


negative regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.


recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex

The process in which proteins required for 3'-end transcript processing become associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 3' end of a transcript.


steryl deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from an acetylated sterol.


regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.


lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propane-1,2-diol = (S)-lactaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


11-hydroxythromboxane B2 dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thromboxane B2 + NAD+ = 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 + NADH + H+.


spermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT1 activity

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1).


negative regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


modulation of receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


4-chloro-allylglycine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = A + formaldehyde + H2O + L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + NH4(+).


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


NAD-dependent histone H3K56 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


ABC-type thiamine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + thiamine(in).


regulation of glutamatergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


rhodopsin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.


linoleate 11-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11S,12Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + sinapoyl aldehyde = H+ + sinapaldehyde glucoside + UDP.


regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


NADH-dependent peroxiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxide + H+ + NADH = an alcohol + H2O + NAD+.


GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate + formate + H+.


thrombocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.


disruption of plasma membrane integrity in another organism

The disruption of the cell membrane of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the membrane.


Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.


CCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCA codon.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of MAVS activity

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). MAVS is a signal transducer that lies downstream of the viral RNA receptors MDA-5 and RIG-I to coordinate host innate immune responses.


isoprene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.


disruption of cellular anatomical structure in another organism

The disruption of a cellular component of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure. In some cases this can cause malfunctioning of the cells and death of the target organism.


positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


mRNA trans splicing, SL addition

The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


positive regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.


branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate. C6 of the substrate molecular may have an NH2 group attached.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


resorcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic.


equatorial microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell.


hypoglycin A gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + hypoglycin A = L-cysteinylglycine + hypoglycin B.


chlordecone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlordecone alcohol + NADP+ = chlordecone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin A1 = prostaglandin C1.


valine-pyruvate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + pyruvate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.


glucan 1,3-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic links in 1,3-alpha-D-glucans.


positive regulation of cerebellar neuron development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


shoot axis formation

The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.


alpha-humulene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-humulene + diphosphate.


regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


indole-3-carbonyl nitrile 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-carbonyl nitrile + NADPH +O2=4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile + NADP+ + H20.


N-acyl-D-glutamate deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glutamate + H2O = D-glutamate + a carboxylate.


capsule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + terephthalate = (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+.


peptidyl-histidine adenylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine

The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).


activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylthio-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine.


2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.


protein phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of peptidyl-serine through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.


regulation of nucleus size

Any process that modulates the size of the nucleus.


monoterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


xyloglucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


ABC-type oligopeptide transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligopeptide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide(in).


negative regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


nematode male tail mating organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nematode male tail mating organ are generated and organized. The male tail is a sensory organ required for mating and, in C. elegans, consists of ray sensilla, an acellular cuticular fan, a sensory hook, and protracting, copulatory spicules.


phenylacetate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 2-hydroxyphenylacetate.


regulation of reproductive fruiting body development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive fruiting body development.


NAD+ diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = AMP + NMN.


prenylcysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


regulation of chitin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin.


cytokinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


solitary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the solitary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.