4-toluenecarboxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


positive regulation of renal water transport

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Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.


negative regulation of macrophage proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage proliferation.


vanillate monooxygenase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + vanillate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + formaldehyde + H2O + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + syn-isopimara-7,15-diene.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction:O2 + peregrinol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + labd-13Z-ene-9,15,16-triol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


methane monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NADPH + H+ + O2 = methanol + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mixed phospho-anhydride bonds.


fructose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by neural stimulation via neuromuscular junction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system.


dammarenediol 12-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dammarenediol-II + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (20S)-protopanaxadiol + NADP + H2O.


cytoskeletal protein-membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein or protein complex and a plasma membrane lipid or membrane-associated protein, in order to maintain the localization of the cytoskeleton at a specific cortical membrane location.


female germ-line cyst formation

Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.


response to mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.


D-ribose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-ribose from one side of a membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.


cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) + ATP = cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG) + ADP + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2 H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate = cis -4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: formylaminopyrimidine + H2O = 4-amino-5-ammoniomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + formate.


L-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H2O + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4.


salutaridine reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + salutaridine.


response to gastrin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.


metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell.


hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H+ + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.


2-furoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoate + ATP + CoA = 2-furoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H+.


positive regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.


diacylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of diacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate diacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


rostral hindbrain neuronal precursor cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to neurons of the lateral pontine nucleus and the locus ceruleus.


internal mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a guanosine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N(7)-methylguanosine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


sperm individualization

The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: methylazoxymethanol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + cycasin + UDP.


serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine O-sulfate + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + sulfate.


regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R8 differentiation.


nopaline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.


notum cell fate specification

The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment.


lipoarabinomannan immune receptor activity

Combining with lipoarabinomannan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


R8 cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


olfactory nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


viral budding from inner nuclear membrane

The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host inner nuclear membrane system into the perinuclear space, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.


deoxyuridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


cell wall chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


clypeus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the clypeus are generated and organized.


DDT-dehydrochlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene + chloride + H+.


cibarial fish-trap bristle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cibarial fish-trap bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.


ecdysteroid 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 25. Ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, particularly metamorphosis, in insects and other arthropods.


isoguanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoguanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


response to chemokine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


L-fuculokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose + ATP = L-fuculose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


threonine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.


aflatoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


ring gland development

Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones.


negative regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


peripheral mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an epithelial cell at the periphery of the mammary gland bud. Cells at the periphery of the bud are larger that those of the surrounding epithelium and are arranged concentrically.


non-photoreactive DNA repair

A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone.


1,3-dichloropropene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.


LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.


orcinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.


butyryl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.


positive regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


benzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + trans-ferulate = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = N-carbamoylputrescine + H+ + phosphate.


spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


astaxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of astaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a trans-methoxy-C60-meroacyl-[acp] = diphosphoric acid + a trans-methoxy-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


aecium development

The process in which a cup-like structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed. This is characteristic of the rust fungus and typically, the first dikaryotic spores (aeciospores) are produced in the aecium.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection are generated and organized.


regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


petal formation

The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


monoamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + H2O = naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA.


regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


[ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


catalytic activity, acting on a rRNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a ribosomal RNA.


L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + NAD+ = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.


dehydroaustinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dehydroaustinol.


primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


CAT tailing

The C-terminal elongation of 60S-anchored stalled nascent polypeptide chains with untemplated alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails). CAT tails participate in the recognition of stalled nascent chains by the ribosome quality control sytem.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

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Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.


negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid = 3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphoric acid.


mevalonate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ADP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate + H2O = AMP + NH4+. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.


negative regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H+.


tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.


symbiont-mediated disruption of host focal adhesion

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts focal adhesion in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


adhesion of symbiont spore to host

The attachment of a spore of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone + NAD+ = 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NADH.


coenzyme F420-dependent N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.


ionotropic bitter taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific bitter compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H2O + NAD+ = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + 2 H+ + NADH.


colon smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum.


nuclear receptor corepressor activity

A transcription corepressor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Nuclear receptor corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription nuclear receptor corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H+ + triphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-sulfobenzoate + 2 H+ + NADH.


exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to plasma membrane

The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor-containing vesicles with plasma membrane, resulting in the integration of neurotransmitter receptors into the plasma membrane. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.


positive regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.


polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis.


UDP-glucose: 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate = H+ + 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


orlandin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orlandin.


aspartate 4-decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = L-alanine + CO2.


isopentenyl adenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.


DNA-binding transcription activator activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets.


polyacyltrehalose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall of seed trichomes after cell expansion is complete.


histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2A substrate.


response to arsenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.


dGDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


solanine UDP-galactose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + solanidine = H+ + gamma-solanine + UDP.


regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


juvenile hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-34 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cyclomaltodextrinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + cyclomaltodextrin = linear maltodextrin.


regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


serine-pyruvate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine.


cellular response to brassinosteroid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] + D-mannitol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + D-fructose + 2 H+.


stemar-13-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemar-13-ene + diphosphate.


thioacetamide S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S-oxide + H2O.


spindle pole body-led chromosome movement during mitotic interphase

A microtubule-based process in which chromosomes migrate as a result of rapid spindle pole body (SPB) and centrosome oscillations during mitotic interphase.


negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


meiotic S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + calmodulin L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + calmodulin N6-methyl-L-lysine.


isocitrate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threo-isocitrate = D-erythro-isocitrate.


peptidyl-leucine modification

The modification of peptidyl-leucine.


S-formylglutathione hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H+.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


boss receptor activity

Combining with a protein bride of sevenless (boss) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine = N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UMP.


xylogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.


2-ethylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-2-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.


chitin disaccharide deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + H2O = 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + acetate.


compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and a ventricular cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


D-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


autotransporter activity

Transports a passenger protein from the periplasm to the external milieu; the passenger protein and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

A peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation that results in negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


Viteagnusin D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + viteagnusin D.


regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


beta2-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors.


low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly involved in cholesterol transport

The disassembly into constituent parts of the low-density lipoprotein particle in the lysosome that contributes to cholesterol transport.


cyclopentanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclopentanol.


ceramide floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of ceramide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


cellular response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetylglucosamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.


glucuronoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.


negative regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.


focal adhesion disassembly

The disaggregation of a focal adhesion into its constituent components. A focal adhesion is a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also functions as a locus of signal transduction activity.


histone H2AXY142 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-tyrosine (position 142) + ATP = (histone H2AX-phosphotyrosine (position 142) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 142 of histone variant H2AX.


acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R + UDP.


detoxification of arsenic-containing substance

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of arsenic or arsenic-containing compounds.


flower structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the flower. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthioheptyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 7-methylthioheptyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


positive regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


response to deep water

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a deep water stimulus, being immersed in standing deep water throughout the life cycle.


taxifolin 8-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: taxifolin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,3-dihydrogossypetin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


chlorophyll(ide) b reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 71-hydroxychlorophyll(ide) a + NAD(P)+ = chlorophyll(ide) b + NAD(P)H + H+.


detection of disaccharide stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a disaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.


3-methylquinoline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.


steroid receptor RNA activator RNA binding

Binding to a steroid receptor RNA activator RNA (SRA). SRA enhances steroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity as an RNA transcript by an indirect mechanism that does not involve SRA-steroid receptor binding.


ent-kaurene oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-ene + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine + L-serine.


negative regulation of exit from meiosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exit from meiosis.


carbamoyl-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-carbamoyl-L-serine + H2O + H+ = CO2 + 2 NH4 + pyruvate.


negative regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide D-glucose = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide 6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose.


glucosinolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


fructosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 1,3 diaminopropane

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 1,3 diaminopropane.


N-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal aspartic acid of proteins; catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase.


chordate pharyngeal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.


purine imidazole-ring cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DNA 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine = DNA adenine + H2O.


O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


acetate ester metabolic process involved in fermentation

Any acetate ester metabolic process that is involved in fermentation.


cerebroside transfer activity

Directly binding to a cerebroside and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


O-octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


arabinan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


creatinine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = N-methylhydantoin + NH3.


negative regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import across the plasma membrane.


magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + magnesium protoporphyrin IX = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester.


imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mitotic spindle microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule that is part of the mitotic spindle.


ribitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.


carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = C3-hydroxylated carotene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. This is a general reaction to represent the C3 hydroxylation of the beta ring of a carotene.


lactate fermentation to propionate and acetate

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of lactate to propionate, concomitant with the oxidation of lactate to acetate and CO2 and yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.


propionate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate = ADP + propanoyl phosphate.


positive regulation of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that increases the rate or exent of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation, the cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


colon epithelial cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a colon epithelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


condensed mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a condensed mesenchymal cell population. A condensed mesenchymal cell population is a population of adherent mesenchymal cells.


mannosylglycerate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.


tellurite methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to tellurite [TeO3(2-)]. Methylated derivatives of tellurite include Te(CH3)2 (dimethyltelluride) and Te2(CH3)2 (dimethylditelluride).


modulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + NH4 = adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate + 2 H+ + sulfate.


phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is also known as PAPS.


acetate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate.


autoinducer-2 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione + ATP = 5-phospho-4-hydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione (P-DPD) + ADP.


ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + inorganic anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + inorganic anion(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucosinolate(out) + H+(out) = glucosinolate(in) + H+(in).


convergent extension involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the wing epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.


mitotic metaphase

The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


enkephalin processing

The formation of mature enkephalin, a pentapeptide hormone involved in regulating pain and nociception in the body by proteolytic processing of enkephalin propeptide.


thebaine 6-O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = neopinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


positive regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


rhombomere 7 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.


right lung development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.


Group III intron splicing

The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved.


3-formylsalicylate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formylsalicylic acid + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(10) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H(+) + N(2)-dimethylguanosine(10) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ferrochelatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: heme B (protoheme) + H+ = Fe(2+) + protoporphyrin IX.


Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from N-nitrosodimethylamine.


cell proliferation in bone marrow

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the bone marrow.


lycopene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lycopene.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside).


proestrus

The estrous cycle phase in which there is heightened follicular activity.


regulation of localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


positive regulation of astrocyte activation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


hamamelose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-hamamelose + ATP = D-hamamelose 2'-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin.


chromosomal DNA methylation maintenance following DNA replication

The process that maintains methylated cytosine in newly synthesized DNA following DNA replication. After the establishment of novel DNA methylation marks, the newly created patterns must be faithfully transmitted by maintenance DNA methyltransferases during cell division.


negative regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


(-)-menthol monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 1,4-menthane-3,8-diol + H2O + NADP+.


short-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a short-chain fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a short-chain fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing fewer than 6 carbons.


effector-mediated modulation of host defenses by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


stearoyl-[acp] desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + a stearoyl-[acp] + a reduced ferredoxin = 2 H2O + an oleoyl-[acp] + an oxidized ferredoxin.


negative regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.


L-dopa biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-dopa.


ganglioside GM2 binding

Binding to ganglioside GM2.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-demethylrebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + rebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NAD+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADH + H+.


regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + deacetoxyvindoline + H+.


alanine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ = pyruvate + NH3 + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


embryonic liver development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


mandelate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.


cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester, typical of the barley lipid transfer protein 1.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


protein cis-autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues.


specification of sepal identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that modulates blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


nitroglycerin reductase activity

Catalysis of the removal of one or more nitrite (NO2-) groups from nitroglycerin or a derivative.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-E-beta-caryophyllene + diphosphate.


modulation by symbiont of host erythrocyte aggregation

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte aggregation in its host organism, e.g. the binding of parasite-infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes.


citrate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of citrate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = 6-imino-5-oxocyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate + H2O2.


nicotinamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide + H2O = nicotinate + NH3.


trichloroethylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.


fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite monooxygenase (deformylase) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = formate + 2 H+ + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite.


nitric oxide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, from one side of a membrane to the other.


ergothioneine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ergothioneine from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.


negative regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.


Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked oxazoline to oxazole.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + H+ + mugineate + succinate.


tectospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord.


proacrosomal vesicle fusion

Fusion of the membrane of proacrosomal vesicle with the membrane of another proacrosomal vesicle to form the acrosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-fucose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+ + NADPH.


saccharopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine to release an amino acid (lysine or glutamate), with the concomitant reduction of an electron acceptor.


regulation of myofibril size

Any process that modulates the size of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


actin filament debranching

An actin filament severing process that results in the removal of actin filament branches specifically at the branch points.


W-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


formin-nucleated actin cable organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a formin-nucleated actin cable.


rolling circle double-stranded viral DNA replication

A rolling circle viral DNA replication that begins with a double-stranded viral DNA genome.


response to thyroxine

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


germacradienol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol + diphosphate.


genital disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the genital disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a genital imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult genital structures, the anal plates and the hind gut.


[isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) = ADP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) phosphate.


peptidyl-lysine succinylation

The modification of a peptidyl-lysine residue by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to form N6-succinyl-L-lysine.


5' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 5' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


glycerate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NAD+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+.


vanillin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + vanillin = 2 H+ + NADH + vanillate.


post-embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine; the residue may be found at the first position in the sequence motif C-X-X-(SAQCMT)* where the second and third positions are usually aliphatic.


ABC-type capsular-polysaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + capsular polysaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + capsular polysaccharide(out).


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


renal vesicle progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the renal vesicle progenitor cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. A renal vesicle progenitor cell is a cell that will give rise to terminally differentiated cells of the renal vesicle without self-renewing.


negative regulation of adaptive immune memory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.


ligand-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic cation by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


negative regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


serine-type aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


heat dissipation

Any homeostatic process in which an organism releases excess heat to the environment, thereby lowering its internal temperature.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


acyl glucuronidation

The modification of an substrate by the conjugation of glucuronic acid to form an acyl-glucuronide (also called an acyl-glucuronoside).


post-embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


Catalysis of the ATP-dependent dehydration of t6A to form cyclic t6A.


salivary gland boundary specification

Determination of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


pons formation

The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.


estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxyestrogen + H2O.


5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-HETE + NADP+ = 5-oxo-ETE + NADPH + H+.


muconate cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = cis,cis-hexadienedioate.


secalciferol 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] + secalciferol = calcitetrol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


polymannuronate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the D-mannuronide linkages of polymannuronate.


N-carbamoylsarcosine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylsarcosine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + sarcosine.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.


Catalysis of the formation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine from constituent amino acids and ATP in the presence of magnesium ions and dithioerythritol.


alpha-keto amide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto amide + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy amide. Alpha-keto amides are of the form R-CO-CONH2, where R may be aromatic or aliphatic.


positive regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


ABC-type D-xylose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-xylose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-xylose(in).


syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis.


plasmalogen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-O-alk-1-enyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + plasmenylcholine.


nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, against a concentration gradient

Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, up a concentration gradient.


protein localization to basal ectoplasmic specialization

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a basal ectoplasmic specialization.


fibroblast growth factor receptor apoptotic signaling pathway

An apoptotic signaling pathway that starts with a ligand binding to, or being withdrawn from, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


hepatocyte dedifferentiation

The process in which a hepatocyte (specialized epithelial cell of the liver) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


regulation of primitive erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of primitive erythrocyte differentiation. Primitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.


beta-L-arabinosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a beta-L-arabinoside = L-arabinose + an alcohol.


germarium-derived egg chamber formation

Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


defecation rhythm

The rhythmic process of defecation that consists of an intestinal oscillator which regulates calcium waves. These waves in turn control a stereotypical, three-part pattern of muscle contractions. In some organisms, defecation can recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. For example, in a well-fed Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program occurs approximately every 45 seconds, and is temperature- and touch-compensated.


regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


beak formation

The process that gives rise to the beak. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.


3,5-xylenol methylhydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxytoluene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.


all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


larval locomotory behavior

Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


[chondroitin sulfate]-D-glucuronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + [chondroitin-sulfate]-beta-D-glucuronate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + [chondroitin-sulfate]-2-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronate.


bile-acid 7alpha-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oate = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oate + H2O.


positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding

Binding to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor.


tyramine-beta hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of tyramine to form octopamine.


positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.


protein localization involved in acrosome reaction

The actin-based process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.


translation factor activity, non-nucleic acid binding

A translation regulator activity that does not involve binding to nucleic acids.


thermospermine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methioninamine + spermidine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+.


protein localization to chloroplast starch grain

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a chloroplast starch grain.


seed development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the sexual reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, consisting of a protective coat enclosing an embryo and food reserves.


negative regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation.


box C/D RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small RNA transcript into a mature box C/D RNA.


RNA localization to nucleus

A macromolecular localization process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a location within the nucleus.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


cellular response to bacteriocin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.


epinephrine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


carotid body glomus cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a glomus cell of the carotid body. The carotid body is a specialized chemosensory organ that helps respond to hypoxia.


fucosterol-epoxide lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,24'R)-fucosterol epoxide = acetaldehyde + desmosterol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uric acid + phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + H+ + urate.


response to mannitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.


cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


guanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.


protein N-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation via asparagine

A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylglucosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of gravity

The series of events involved in the perception of gravity in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


averantin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving averantin.


regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


glyoxal catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxal.


detection of glucocorticoid hormone stimulus

The series of events by which a glucocorticoid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


central B cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in B cells in the bone marrow.


establishment of mitochondrion localization by microtubule attachment

The directed movement of a mitochondrion by attachment to a microtubule, followed by elongation of the microtubule by tubulin polymerization.


3-ketovalidoxylamine C-N-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine = 4-nitroaniline + 5-D-(5/6)-5-C-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one + H+.


negative regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


sucrose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose = UDP + sucrose.


specification of carpel identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H+ = S-adenosylmethioninamine + CO2.


positive regulation of aecium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.


positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


exhausted T cell differentiation

The process in which an activated T cell acquires specialized features of an exhausted T cell.


plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, which forms part of the cell wall.


pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pregnan-21-ol = H+ + NADH + pregnan-21-al.


zerumbone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NAD = zerumbone + NADH + H+.


xanthine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + hydrogen peroxide.


negative regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis.


phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase activity

Catalysis of the NADPH-dependent 7-O-4' reduction of phenylcoumaran lignans to the corresponding diphenols; for example, catalysis of the reaction: dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+ = isodihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADP+.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-D-glucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + D-glucosamine(out) = protein histidine + glucosamine-6-phosphate(in).


mating type determination

Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of mating type upon an individual. Mating types are the equivalent in microorganisms of the sexes in higher organisms.


basophil activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting

The directional migration of angioblast cells as part of selective angioblast sprouting, which results in angioblast segregation into arterial and venous populations.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand that contributes to outflow tract morphogenesis.


germ-line stem-cell niche homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within the germ-line stem-cell niche. This includes control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function that allows the niche to continue to function. A gem-line stem-cell niche is an anatomical structure that regulates how germ-line stem-cells are used and saves them from depletion.


arginine catabolic process to glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including glutamate.


negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


detection of gravity

The series of events in which a gravitational stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


negative regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


protein flavinylation

The addition of a flavin group to a protein amino acid.


pyridine-3,4-diol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pryidine-3,4-diol + O2 = 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate.


queuosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a N-D-queuosine + H2O = queuine + D-ribose.


emericellamide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide.


negative regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.


carotenoid dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.


Catalysis of the reaction: anhydrotetracycline + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 12-dehydrotetracycline + H2O + NADP+.


positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H+.


oleate 12-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-CoA + NADH + O2 + H+ = ricinoleyl-CoA + NAD + H2O.


auxin influx transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, into a cell.


positive regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


proteasome storage granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a proteasome storage granule.


rhombomere 3 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


molecular transducer activity

A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a tumor necrosis factor-mediated signal transduction in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


TMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


anaerobic lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the absence of oxygen.


N-sulfoglucosamine-3-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 3-sulfate groups of the N-sulfo-D-glucosamine 3-O-sulfate units of heparin.


learned vocalization behavior

A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning.


adenosyl-fluoride synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + fluoride = 5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine + L-methionine.


aminoimidazolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:4-aminoimidazole + H20 = imidazol-4-one + NH3.


positive regulation of galactotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.


NAD+-histone H2BE2 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-2 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


positive regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ammonia monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidation of alkanes (up to C8) to alcohols and alkenes (up to C5) to epoxides and alcohols in the presence of ammonium ions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + CO2.


gramicidin S biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gramicidin S.


Catalysis of the reaction: Ser-tRNA(Sec) + ATP = Sep-tRNA(Sec) + ADP.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


(+)-sabinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-cis-sabinol + NAD+ = (1S,5S)-sabinone + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.


extracellular matrix organization involved in endocardium development

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix of the endocardium. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


nitrogenous compound fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrogen-containing compound, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


protein localization to microvillus membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus membrane.


protein-lipid complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-lipid complex into its constituent components.


sucrose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + phosphate = D-fructose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization

The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle.


viral genome maturation

The processes involved in creating a mature, stable viral genome. Begins after genome replication with a newly synthesized nucleic acid and ends when the genome is ready to be packaged. Includes the addition of proteins to the newly synthesized genome, and DNA repair processes.


glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.


negative regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


bicyclogermacrene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclogermacrene.


arachidonate 8(R)-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8R,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.


skeletal muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell-cell junction

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or temporarily subverts the host intercellular junction. Intercellular junction include tight junctions and adherens junctions.


cell surface adhesin-mediated gliding motility

Cell gliding that results from the actions of cell surface adhesin proteins that are propelled by membrane motor proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NADH + H+ + O2 = 9alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NAD+ + H2O.


(1->3),(1->4)-beta-glucan binding

Binding to (1->3),(1->4)-beta-glucan.


positive regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


21U-RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + methylammonium.


NAD-dependent protein depalmitoylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-octadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = octadecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphate(out) + H+(out) = phosphate(in) + H+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.


quiescent center organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the quiescent center. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


centromere-nuclear envelope anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the centromeric region of a chromosome and the inner nuclear membrane by interacting with both the centromere/kinetochore complex and the nuclear membrane, in order to establish and maintain the centromere/kinetochore location.


alpha-humulene 10-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 10-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NADP + H2O.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NAD+ = glycerone + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.


slow muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a slow muscle cell from one site to another.


oleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-10-hydroxystearate = H2O + oleate.


peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid

The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid residues by the covalent attachment of ethanolamine, itself further modified by the addition of a phosphoglycerol unit.


enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, A-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-D2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-5-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + caffeoyl-CoA = delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A.


snRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an snRNA molecule.


stigma development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stigma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stigma is the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.


neuron migration involved in retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.


UFM1 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-UFM1 + S = X + S-UFM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-UFM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-UFM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


positive regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


negative regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state.


positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


negative regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.


apolysis

The first process of molting, characterized by the detachment of the old cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells.


orlandin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving orlandin.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


aerobic benzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the presence of oxygen.


gibberellin A12,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A14 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


vestibular receptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vestibular hair cell.


response to insect

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.


xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.


glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. It is prepared from toluene treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and is used in shells, bombs, and blasting explosives.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via CDP-N-methylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with an initial N-methylation with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine, followed by two downstream N-methylations on phosphatidyl-bases, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine. The process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the presence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-methylthiooctyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 8-methylthiooctyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


U2 snRNA 2'-O-methyladenosine m6 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-O-methyladenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-2'-O-methyladenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


protein-phosphocysteine-trehalose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + trehalose (out) = protein cysteine + trehalose-6-phosphate (in).


apoptotic process involved in tube lumen cavitation

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the hollowing out of an epithelial rod or cord to form the central hole in a tube.


glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of secondary shoot formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary shoot formation.


microcin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a microcin from one side of a membrane to the other.


vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light

The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


cellodextrin phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


chemotaxis to cAMP

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.


pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ); it is synthesized from a small peptide containing tyrosine and glutamic acid; these amino acids in the peptide are multiply cross-linked and the rest of the peptide is removed.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one + NADP+ = 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + H+ + NADPH.


tryptamine 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + reduced acceptor + O2 = 4-hydroxytryptamine + acceptor + H2O.


1-indanone dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-hydroxy-1-indanone.