gamma-secretase complex

A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and contains a presenilin catalytic subunit (either PSEN1 or PSEN2), an APH1 subunit (multiple genes and splice variants exist), nicastrin (NCT), and presenilin enhancer (aka PEN-2 or Psenen), as the core complex. Variants of the complex with different subunit compositions differ in localization and specific substrates. Additionally, variants of the complex exist that contain a additional regulatory subunit as well as the four core subunits; known regulatory subunits include gamma-secretase-activating protein (aka gSAP), TMP1 (aka TMED10), and CD147 antigen (aka basigin). Gamma-secretase cleaves type I transmembrane protein substrates, including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.


regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell lineage. It includes the T lymphoblastic lymphoma and the mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas. -- 2003


regulation of epidermal cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.


positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


stem cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


nasolacrimal duct

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The paired channels leading from the lacrimal sacs to the inferior meatus of the nose, through which tears are conducted through the nasal cavity.


response to iron(II) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


Menstrual spotting

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pyridoxal phosphatase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O = pyridoxal + phosphate.


hemolymph

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Blood analogue used by all arthropods and most mollusks that have an open circulatory system. In these animals there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. The liquid fills all of the interior (the hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells.


L-lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport

A receptor-mediated endocytosis process involved in intracellular cholesterol transport.


microtubule bundle

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An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other.


Fc receptor complex

A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin.


negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.


D-gluconate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.


vertebral arch joint

A synovial joint between the prezygapophysis of one vertebra and the postzygapophysis of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP].


positive regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


digestive system cancer

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving any part of the digestive system.


arachidonic acid binding

Binding to arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.


spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


interleukin-10 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-10 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


perinucleolar chromocenter

A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus.


gap junction assembly

Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids.


Pharyngeal Hemorrhage

Bleeding originating from the pharynx.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


Dry hair

Hair that lacks the lustre (shine or gleam) of normal hair.


negative regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


collateral sprouting in absence of injury

The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons.


norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.


Acute allograft rejection

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Elbow pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the elbow.


putrescine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of a membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


protein deubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein as part of a process of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism.


dADP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).


neuropilin signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.


nitric-oxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.


internode region of axon

An axon part that is located between the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by compact myelin sheath.


motor neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.


dynein heavy chain binding

Binding to a heavy chain of the dynein complex.


purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


protein-glycine ligase activity, initiating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of a glycine residue to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a target protein.


cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine.


hexokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate.


drinking behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.


response to indole-3-methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.


cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.


endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells.


response to nitrite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.


melanocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of melanocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.


Infusion Site Extravasation

Leakage of a pharmacologic or a biological substance from the infusion site into the surrounding tissue. Signs and symptoms include induration, erythema, swelling, burning sensation, and pain at the infusion site.


aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is an infection, growth, or allergic response caused by the Aspergillus fungus. There are several different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA), a condition where the fungus causes allergic respiratory symptoms similar to asthma, such as wheezing and coughing, but does not actually invade and destroy tissue. Another kind of aspergillosis is invasive aspergillosis. This infection usually affects people with weakened immune systems due to cancer, AIDS, leukemia, organ transplantation, chemotherapy, or other conditions or events that reduce the number of normal white blood cells. In this condition, the fungus invades and damages tissues in the body. Invasive aspergillosis most commonly affects the lungs, but can also cause infection in many other organs and can spread throughout the body (commonly affecting the kidneys and brain). Aspergilloma, a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of previous lung disease such as tuberculosis or lung abscess, is a third kind of aspergillosis. This type of aspergillosis is composed of a tangled mass of fungus fibers, blood clots, and white blood cells. The fungus ball gradually enlarges, destroying lung tissue in the process, but usually does not spread to other areas.


kinesin II complex

A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.


hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve.


pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA 5' splice site sequence.


proteasome-activating activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, which promotes unfolding of protein substrates, and channel opening of the core proteasome.


tRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis.


oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.


'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.


regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.


male pronucleus

The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.


alcohol-forming very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = a very long-chain primary alcohol + NADP+ + CoA. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication

The process that mediates interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the Purkinje myocyte communicating with a ventricular cardiac muscle cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


branched-chain amino acid transport

The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.


Vascular calcification

Abnormal calcification of the vasculature.


candoxatril

The 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester of the active enantiomer of candoxatrilat. Candoxatril is an orally active prodrug of candoxatrilat, a potent neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin) inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic heart failure.


convergent extension involved in axis elongation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.


chondrocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


histone H4K20 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.


regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


Uterine Perforation

A rupture in the uterus due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


agmatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase.


Palpable purpura

A type of purpura in which the lesions are raised (and can therefore be appreciated upon palpation).


ubiquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


Catalysis of the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to a mannose residue in the GPI lipid precursor.


myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


Myocardial necrosis

Irreversible damage to heart tissue (myocardium) due to lack of oxygen after a heart attack (myocardial infarction).


leucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


adenine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenine, 6-aminopurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


bundle of His

A part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers[GO].


negative regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.


response to magnetism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


Accidents

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positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H + H+.


androgen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.


positive regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.


exocyst assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of various polypeptides into the exocyst complex.


negative regulation of DNA demethylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.


CCR1 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR1 chemokine receptor.


relapsing fever

Relapsing fever is an infection caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia, excluding those responsible for Lyme disease belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl,1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R. Only branched mannose glycopeptides with non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine terminal residues act as acceptors.


negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation

The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.


Abnormal Hematology Test Result

A laboratory test result that indicates the presence of abnormal peripheral blood and/or bone marrow values.


heteromeric SMAD protein complex

A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.


Lewy body dementia

A progressive form of dementia characterized by the presence of protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the midbrain and cerebral cortex, and loss of cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. The signs and symptoms overlap with Alzheimer and Parkinson disease.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, quinone or related compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or related compound.


interleukin-12 production

The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB

A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated regulatory subunit that is larger than, and unrelated to, the p85 proteins present in class IA complexes. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.


positive regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.


DNA insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an insertion or a deletion.


regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.


DNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.


positive regulation of microtubule binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.


trochlear nerve

A cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.


Binding to the amine 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine, a serotonin receptor agonist that can act as a psychedelic drug.


palmitoyltransferase complex

A protein complex with palmitoyltransferase activity.


protein import into peroxisome membrane

The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import.


positive regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Cytosolic and nuclear Ah receptor complexes have different subunit composition, but both contain the ligand-binding subunit AhR.


ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out).


RNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


endosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment.


myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

A medical condition characterized by long-term fatigue and other symptoms that limit a person's ability to carry out ordinary daily activities.


neurodermatitis

Skin findings arising from repeated rubbing, picking or scratching of a real or imagined irritation of the skin.


negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


cysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


nasopharyngeal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the nasopharynx. Representative examples include nasopharyngitis, angiofibroma, and carcinoma.


regulation of zinc ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.


TSC1-TSC2 complex

A protein complex consisting of at least tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.


ubiquitin recycling

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell by recycling ubiquitin from proteasome-bound ubiquitinated intermediates.


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


protein prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein.


response to gold nanoparticle

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold nanoparticle stimulus.


The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleoside monophosphate to produce a polyphosphorylated nucleoside.


catecholamine uptake

The directed movement of catecholamine into a cell.


acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

An acute pancreatits that is characterized by acute inflammation of the pancreas in which the initial edematous pancreatitis evolved into necrosis accompanied by hemorrhage.


hepatic stellate cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.


activation of meiosis involved in egg activation

Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis in an egg after the egg has been fertilized or physiologically activated. Eggs generally arrest in meiosis and complete the process after activation.


Shunt thrombosis

The presence of a thrombus within a vascular shunt.


maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.


Fundic gland polyp

The most common gastric polyp in the Western hemisphere.  The lesion consists of a localized hyperplasia of the deep epithelial compartment of the oxyntic mucosa, with variable degrees of cystic dilatation.  Malignant transformation is the exception.  (WHO, 2000)


Decreased Sperm Count

A finding indicating the presence of a lower than expected number of spermatozoa in the semen.


hemopericardium

An accumulation of blood within the pericardial sac.


Macule

A flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide that does not involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin.


apoptosome

A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


splenic disorder

A disease involving the spleen.


diamine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine.


succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate.


negative regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The This Eukaryotic form usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.


purpura fulminans

A severe, rapidly fatal reaction occurring most commonly in children following an infectious illness. It is characterized by large, rapidly spreading skin hemorrhages, fever, or shock. Purpura fulminans often accompanies or is triggered by disseminated intravascular coagulation.


negative regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


lymphotoxin A production

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


negative regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


regulation of chromosome condensation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.


cryptosporidiosis

Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus Cryptosporidium. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe diarrhea.


negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.


regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


negative regulation of lipid kinase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


Idioventricular Rhythm

An electrocardiographic finding of three or more consecutive complexes of ventricular origin with a rate less than a certain threshold (100 or 120 beats per minute are commonly used). The QRS complexes are wide and have an abnormal morphology. (CDISC)


promoter-specific chromatin binding

Binding to a section of chromatin that is associated with gene promoter sequences of DNA.


nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP.


Burn injury

A traumatic injury involving interruption of tissue cohesiveness that results from exposure to caustic chemicals, extreme heat, extreme cold or excessive radiation.


Postmenopausal bleeding

Uterine bleeding that occurs after at least one year of amenorrhea in a woman who is not receiving hormone therapy.


pectus excavatum

A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.


clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels

The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.


positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate saccharopine.


syntrophin complex

A protein complex that includes alpha-, beta1-, beta2-syntrophins and syntrophin-like proteins; the syntrophin complex binds to the second half of the carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin; also associates with neuronal nitric oxide synthase.


glycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


translation release factor activity, codon nonspecific

A translation release factor that is not specific to particular codons; binds to guanine nucleotides.


negative regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


infantile mercury poisoning

Infantile mercury poisoning is a rare intoxication affecting children, most commonly characterized by erythema of the hands, feet and nose, edematous, painful, pink to red, desquamating fingers and toes, bluish, cold and wet extremities, excessive sweating, irritability, photophobia, muscle weakness, diffuse hypotonia, paresthesia, hypertension and tachycardia, due to elemental, organic or inorganic mercury exposure. Additional manifestations include alopecia, loss of appetite, excessive salivation with red and swollen gums, tooth and nail loss, and insomnia.


regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


oncogene-induced cell senescence

A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family.


Insulin Shock

A hypoglycemic reaction to overdosage of insulin, a skipped meal, or strenuous exercise in an insulin-dependent diabetic.


macula

Thickened areas of the saccule or utricle where the termination of the vestibular nerve occurs[MESH,modified].


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.


trigger thumb

A painful disability in the hand affecting the finger or thumb. It is caused by mechanical impingement of the digital flexor tendons as they pass through a narrowed retinacular pulley at the level of the metacarpal head. Thickening of the sheath and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia can occur, and nodules can form. (From Green's Operative Hand Surgery, 5th ed, p2137-58).


medial forebrain bundle

The Medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a complex bundle of axons coming from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region, and the septal nuclei, and passing to the lateral hypothalamus, with some carrying on into the tegmentum. It contains both ascending and descending fibers. It also represents a part of the mesolimbic pathway, carrying information between the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens. It is commonly accepted that the MFB is a part of the reward system, involved in the integration of reward and pleasure. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle is believed to cause sensations of pleasure. This hypothesis is based upon intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Animals will work for MFB ICSS, and humans report that MFB ICSS is intensely pleasurable. This is most likely because the medial forebrain bundle carries information from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (nAcc or Acb). The nAcc is a recognized reward center, and activation of the pathway from the VTA to the nAcc is believed to be rewarding, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the hedonic highway. [WP,unvetted].


NK T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell.


negative regulation of nuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


olfactory bulb mitral cell layer development

The progression of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer.


retromer, tubulation complex

The dimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. This dimeric complex is responsible for remodeling endosomal membranes to form a tube-structure to which cargo molecules are selected for recycling. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer. The mammalian complex contains SNX1 or SNX2 dimerized with SNX5 or SNX6.


positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity

cAMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


amphisome

Intermediate organelles formed during macroautophagy through the fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes.


endometrial disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the endometrium. Representative examples include endometritis, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma.


positive regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.


G protein-coupled receptor heterodimeric complex

A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of different subtypes. Formation of a GPCR heterodimer may alter the functional property of the GPCR.


Analgesic technique

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


limonene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of a monooxygenase reaction in which oxygen is incorporated into limonene.


determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.


ADP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Atg12 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y = Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages.


Absent pulse

The pulsation of an artery where the pulse is taken (e.g. the radial artery at the wrist) cannot be detected on physical examination.


late endosome to lysosome transport

The directed movement of substances from late endosome to lysosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-serine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine, or UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-threonine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-threonine.


maintenance of centrosome location

Any process in which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


calcium,diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271).


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate + H2O = ADP + AMP + 2 H+.


NatA complex

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.


chronic leukemia

A slowly progressing leukemia characterized by a clonal (malignant) proliferation of maturing and mature myeloid cells or mature lymphocytes. When the clonal cellular population is composed of myeloid cells, the process is called chronic myelogenous leukemia. When the clonal cellular population is composed of lymphocytes, it is classified as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, or T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia.


regulation of opsonization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opsonization.


valine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP + tRNA(Val) = L-valyl-tRNA(Val) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) + H2O = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4-bisphosphate) + phosphate.


positive regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

The elongation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of chondroitin sulfate.


negative regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.


regulation of mRNA modification

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


pigment dispersion syndrome

Pigment-dispersion syndrome is an eye disorder that occurs when pigment granules that normally adhere to the back of the iris (the colored part of the eye) flake off into the clear fluid produced by the eye (aqueous humor). These pigment granules may flow towards the drainage canals of the eye, slowly clogging them and raising the pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP). This rise in eye pressure can cause damage to the optic nerve (the nerve in the back of the eye that carries visual images to the brain). If the optic nerve becomes damaged, pigment-dispersion syndrome becomes pigmentary glaucoma. This happens in about 30% of cases. Pigment-dispersion syndrome commonly presents between the second and fourth decades, which is earlier than other types of glaucoma. While men and women are affected in equal numbers, men develop pigmentary glaucoma up to 3 times more often than women. Myopia (nearsightedness) appears to be an important risk factor in the development of pigment-dispersion syndrome and is present in up to 80% of affected individuals. The condition may be sporadic or follow an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with reduced penetrance. At least one gene locus on chromosome 7 has been identified. Pigment-dispersion syndrome can be treated with eye drops or other medications. In some cases, laser surgery may be performed.


notochord regression

The developmental process in which the stucture of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo.


positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.


archaeal or bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to movement of bacterial- or archaeal-type flagella.


bulimia nervosa

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge-eating over which the individual feels a lack of control; these episodes of binge-eating are followed by recurrent compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, usually self-induced vomiting. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body image.


choline kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + choline = ADP + choline phosphate + 2 H+.


specification of nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the nephron acquire their identity.


visceral motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


fatty acid derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acid derivative.


regulation of oligopeptide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


benzodiazepine receptor binding

Binding to a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR).


ovarian dysfunction

The inability of the ovaries to function.


oxygen sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of oxygen (O2).


D-serine transport

The directed movement of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cyclin K-CDK12 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


asparagine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + ATP + tRNA(Asn) = AMP + Asn-tRNA(Asn) + diphosphate + 2 H+.


negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a melanocortin receptor.


B-cell neoplasm

A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.


N-terminal protein lipidation

The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the amino terminus of a protein.


regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.


negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


HLA-B specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-B subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a neuroblast becomes restricted such that it will develop into a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.


cholesterol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


positive regulation of gap junction assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


proprioception

The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.


aldosterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.


BRCA1-BARD1 complex

A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.


melatonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


negative regulation of tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+.


Clitoral hypertrophy

Hypertrophy of the clitoris.


mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing

Replication fork processing that includes recombination between DNA near the arrested fork and homologous sequences. Proteins involved in homologous recombination are required for replication restart.


response to interleukin-18

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis

Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


amyloid fibril formation

The generation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure, from proteins.


membrane raft polarization

The clustering and aggregation of a membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


Onychauxis

Thickened nails without deformity.


positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


phosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate.


maintenance of animal organ identity

The process in which the identity of an animal organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


photoallergic dermatitis

A delayed hypersensitivity involving the reaction between sunlight or other radiant energy source and a chemical substance to which the individual has been previously exposed and sensitized. It manifests as a papulovesicular, eczematous, or exudative dermatitis occurring chiefly on the light-exposed areas of the skin.


positive regulation of receptor clustering

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.


type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor.


Reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (R.I.N.D.) syndrome


Conjunctival cyst

Abnormal fluid filled sac within the conjunctiva.


regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


angiotensin type II receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.


positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.


positive regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


mitral valve

An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium.


metanephric thick ascending limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.


Abnormal lymphocyte morphology

An abnormality of lymphocytes.


regulation of post-translational protein modification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.


phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


Community acquired pneumonia

Pneumonia that is not acquired in a hospital or long-term care facility setting.


cytoskeleton of presynaptic active zone

The specialized cytoskeletal matrix of the presynaptic active zone. It has specialized functions in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. It is believed to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites.


The series of molecular signals initiated by thrombopoietin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


lipid tube assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as they fuse or undergo fission.


heart induction

The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + retinol = CoA + retinyl ester.


extrinsic component of endosome membrane

The component of an endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.


negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


Pituitary hemorrhage

Bleeding within the pituitary gland.


azygos vein

An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP].


regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


renal cell carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the kidney


sulfonylurea receptor activity

Combining with sulfonylurea, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


Bartholin duct cyst

Distension of the Bartholin gland duct caused by an accumulation of mucus in the duct, usually as a result of obstruction of the gland duct orifice.


positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].


alpha-beta T cell receptor complex

A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein.


negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the SMAD protein signaling pathway.


regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


spermine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


pancreatic adenocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the pancreas


glucosamine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m(7)G(5')pppAm = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m(7)G(5')pppm(6)Am.


acrosomal vesicle exocytosis

The calcium ion regulated exocytosis which results in fusion of the acrosomal vesicle with the plasma membrane of the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


GMP binding

Binding to GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


activin receptor activity, type II

Combining with activin to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyses the phosphorylation of a type I activin receptor.


dentinogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of dentin, the mineralized tissue that constitutes the major bulk of teeth. Dentin may be one of three types: primary dentin, secondary dentin, and tertiary dentin.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the mesonephros.


non-syndromic amelia

A congenital malformation characterized by the complete absence of all limbs.


UBC13-UEV1A complex

A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-kappaB activation. In humans at least, the complex comprises the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC13 and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant 1A (UEV1A).


TRAIL binding

Binding to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family that rapidly induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines.


regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.


positive regulation of translational termination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.


pelvic organ prolapse, susceptibility to


phthalate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses.


Lymph node abscess

An inflamed lymph node that is filled with pus.


tetrapyrrole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


negative regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


oxytetracycline zwitterion

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the adjacent tertiary amino group of oxytetracycline; major species at pH 7.3.


double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Binding to double-stranded telomere-associated DNA.


cellular response to stem cell factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.


cadmium ion binding

Binding to a cadmium ion (Cd).


positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


C-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


interleukin-1 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-1; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.


plus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.


phenylalanine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


endopeptidase Clp complex

A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.


vitamin D3 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.


Hypopigmentation of the fundus

Reduced pigmentation of the fundus, typically generalised. Fundoscopy may reveal a low level pigment in both RPE and choroid with clear visibility of choroidal vessels (pale/albinoid) or low pigment level in the RPE with deep pigment in choroid so that visible choroidal vessels are separated by deeply pigmented zones (tesselated/tigroid).


sinoatrial node development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.


mesothelioma

A usually malignant and aggressive neoplasm of the mesothelium which is often associated with exposure to asbestos.


arginine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-arginine + tRNA(Arg) = AMP + diphosphate + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg).


negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.


lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylylsulfate.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


protein localization to M-band

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the M band. The M band is the midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere.


alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->2) linkage.


negative regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


BMP receptor activity

Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


Abnormal lymphocyte count

Any abnormality in the total number of lymphocytes in the blood.


alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2) linkage.


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity (deubiquitinase) activity.


inhibin-betaglycan-ActRII complex

A protein complex that consists of inhibin, type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (also known as betaglycan), and the type II activin receptor ActRII. The complex is thought to negatively regulate the activity of activin B.


regulation of lactation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.


gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


Absent eyebrow

Absence of the eyebrow.


primary sex determination

The sex determination process that results in the initial specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

Any telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


intracellular oxygen homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of oxygen within a cell.


ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


T-helper cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote various immunological processes.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


extracellular matrix-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information between the extracellular matrix and a cell.


cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. A cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a cysteine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


positive regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


hyperostosis

Excessive thickening of bone.


outer mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.


negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.


purine nucleobase transmembrane transport

The process in which a purine nucleobase is transported across a membrane.


positive regulation of osteoclast development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.


forebrain astrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte residing in the forebrain. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


positive regulation of adiponectin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.


snRNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a stem-loop in a small nuclear RNA (snRNA). An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.


inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


Shortened PR interval

Reduced time for the PR interval (beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex). In adults, normal values are 120 to 200 ms long.


regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.


cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kainate selective glutamate receptor activity.


Pleural Infection

An infectious process affecting the pleura.


coenzyme A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


glutamate-cysteine ligase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.


phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by angiotensin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gap junction channel activity involved in cell communication by electrical coupling

Any gap junction channel activity that is involved in cell communication by electrical coupling.


postganglionic parasympathetic fiber development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the postganglionic portion of the parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic fiber is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


skin tag

A small, benign growth that arises from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of fibrovascular tissue lined by epidermis. It may be sessile or pendulous and usually occurs in sites where there is friction.


tricellular tight junction

An specialized occluding junction where three epithelial cells meet. It is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that run perpendicularly to the bicellular tight junction at the point of contact between three epithelial cells in an epithelial sheet.


guanosine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).


oleic acid binding

Binding to oleic acid, the 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid.


Small intestinal perforation

A hole (perforation) in the wall of the small intestine.


terpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups.


hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone, and which triggers the apoptotic signaling pathway in a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a hormone signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


Melanonychia

Brown or black discoloration of the nails.


regulation of intracellular sterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.


supercoiled DNA binding

Binding to supercoiled DNA. For example, during replication and transcription, template DNA is negatively supercoiled in the receding downstream DNA and positively supercoiled in the approaching downstream DNA.


ciliary pocket

Invagination of the plasma membrane from which a cilium (also called flagellum) protrudes.


Abnormal blood ion concentration

Abnormality of the homeostasis (concentration) of a monoatomic ion.


angiotensin-activated signaling pathway involved in heart process

An angiotensin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


regulation of heart rate by hormone

The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


Female sexual arousal disorder

A disorder characterized by a recurrent or persistent inability to attain or maintain until completion of sexual activity an adequate physical response of sexual excitement, consisting of vasocongestion in the pelvis, vaginal lubrication and expansion, and swelling of the external genitalia.


protein kinase 5 complex

A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine kinase activity; in mammals composed of catalytic subunit CDK5 and regulatory subunits CDK5R1 or CDK5R2. Contrary to its gene symbol, CDK5 is not cyclin-dependent.


spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the spinal cord ventral commissure are generated and organized.


VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


somatostatin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


protein K29-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K29-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


positive regulation of memory T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.


maintenance of unfolded protein

Maintaining a protein in an unfolded, soluble state.


Abnormal eosinophil count

Any deviation from the normal number of eosinophils per volume in the blood circulation.


histone methyltransferase binding

Binding to a histone methyltransferase enzyme.


Fractured humerus

A partial or complete breakage of the humerus.


adenylosuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + GTP + IMP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


response to acrylamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.


telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery.


lymphatic system disorder

A disease involving the lymphatic part of lymphoid system.


oligohydramnios

A lower than normal quantity of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac as compared to normal values. Typically associated with an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of less than 5 cm or a single maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of less than 2 cm.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine = UDP + procollagen 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine.


uridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 4 isopentenyl diphosphate = 4 diphosphate + all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate.


pulmonary embolism and infarction

Localized necrosis of lung tissue caused by obstruction of the arterial blood supply, most often due to pulmonary embolism.


epigenetic programming in the zygotic pronuclei

The global programming of epigenetic modifications in the zygote following fertilization. The paternal genome undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal genome is protected from this process.


cellular response to nitrite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.


congenital absence of upper arm and forearm with hand present

A congenital malformation in which the upper portion of a limb is either shortened or absent.


NADPH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds, in ketonic substances

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond in a ketonic substance, a substance containing a keto (C=O) group.


olfactory pit development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx.


smooth muscle contractile fiber

The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells.


regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.


Blighted ovum

Pregnancy loss with visible gestational sac or yolk sac or both but no visible embryo on ultrasonogram.


interleukin-4 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-4 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


extraocular skeletal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.


proteoglycan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


RZZ complex

A kinetochore component required for both meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints.


negative regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


Intrarenal abscess

An encapsulated collection of pus and necrotic material within the renal parenchyma. The destruction of renal parenchyma is associated with suppurative/neutrophil-rich inflammation and necrosis.


negative regulation of post-translational protein modification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.


negative regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


spermidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


Pyle disease

A bone dysplasia characterized by genu valgum, metaphyseal anomalies with broadening of the long bones extending into the diaphyses and giving the femora and tibiae an 'Erlenmeyer flask'' appearance, widening of the ribs and clavicles, platyspondyly and cortical thinning.


sequence-specific single stranded DNA binding

Binding to single-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition.


positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel remodeling.


long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding

Binding to a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


pyoderma

Any skin disease that is pyegenic.


glutamate receptor clustering

The neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering process in which glutamate receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


Klinefelter syndrome

A sex chromosome disorder caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in the male karyotype. Affected individuals are infertile and have a small penis and testes. They tend to have tall stature and long legs and may have difficulties with speech and language development. Gynecomastia may be present.


epidermal growth factor receptor activity

Combining with an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


fatty-acyl-CoA transport

The directed movement of fatty acyl coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acyl coenzyme A is an acyl group linked to 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine (coenzyme A).


blood vessel lumenization

The process in which a developing blood vessel forms an endothelial lumen through which blood will flow.


negative regulation of receptor catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.


positive regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.


sensory neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A sensory neuron is an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.


epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of genetic skin diseases that cause the skin to blister very easily. Blisters form in response to minor injuries or friction, such as rubbing or scratching. There are four main types of epidermolysis bullosa: dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Junctional epidermolysis bullosa Kindler Syndrome Identifying the exact type can be hard because there are many subtypes of EB. Within each type or subtype, a person may be mildly or severely affected. The disease can range from being a minor inconvenience to completely disabling, and fatal in some cases. Most types of EB are inherited. The inheritance pattern may be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Management involves protecting the skin, reducing friction against the skin, and keeping the skin cool.


response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane

The processes mediating the insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mitochondrial inner membrane proteins can get inserted from the cytosol, by crossing the outer membrane and being guided by an inner membrane translocase complex into their final destination in the inner membrane. Some proteins present in the intermembrane space can get inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Finally, some proteins are inserted into the inner membrane from the matrix side of the membrane.


positive regulation of translational initiation by iron

Any process involving iron that activates or increases the rate of translational initiation.


Neonatal death

Death within the first 28 days of life.


ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to a necroptotic process.


platelet activating factor receptor activity

Combining with platelet activating factor to initiate a change in cell activity.


metanephric glomerular epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the metanephros. The metanephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA.


host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, as found in host cells, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


aminomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.


arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

An anterior ischemic neuropathy that is the cause of vision loss that occurs in temporal arteritis (aka giant cell arteritis)


MAML1-RBP-Jkappa- ICN1 complex

A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-1 (MAML1); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.


2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans,trans-2,3,4,5-tetradehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


complement receptor mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway.