Rpd3S complex

A eukaryotically conserved histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones across gene coding regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, a chromodomain protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, and a WD repeat protein (Clr6p, Alp13p, Pst2p, and Prw1p respectively in Schizosaccharomyces; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Rco1p and Eaf3 in Saccharomyces; homologs thereof in other species).


biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).


BAD-BCL-xl complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt5p-Pmt2p dimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt5p-Pmt2p.


myosin phosphatase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin. Composed of a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c/PPP1CB) and a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1/PPP1R12A).


glutamate synthase complex

A complex that possesses glutamate synthase activity.


sarcosine oxidase complex

A complex consisting of 4 protein subunits as a heterotetramer, that possesses sarcosine oxidase activity.


Shc-Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


BCL-2 complex

A homodimeric protein complex consisting of BCL-2, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


ferredoxin hydrogenase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.


low-density lipoprotein receptor complex

A plasma membrane protein complex capable of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity. It may also bind xenobiotic toxins and deliver them into the cell via endocytosis. While most substrates get degraded via the endosome the receptor is recycled to the plasma membrane. It may also act as a transducer of intracellular signal pathways and often acts in corporation with other cell-surface receptors.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


mitochondrial creatine kinase complex

An octomeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase complex (UDP-forming)

A protein complex that possesses alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) and trehalose-phosphatase activities, and thus catalyzes two reactions in trehalose biosynthesis. In the complex identified in Saccharomyces, Tps1p has alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity, Tps2p has trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity; Tps3p is a regulatory subunit, and an additional subunit, Tsl1p, may be present.


phycobilisome

Any of the granules, approximately 32 nm x 48 nm and consisting of highly aggregated phycobiliproteins, that are attached in arrays to the external face of a thylakoid membrane in algae of the phyla Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta, where they function as light-harvesting devices in photosynthesis. Excitation energy in the phycobilisome flows in the sequence: phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin before passing to the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II.


Complex that possesses imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity.


galectin lattice

A non-stoichiometric protein complex formed by several galectins crosslinking glycosylated ligands to form a dynamic lattice. The galectin lattice modulates receptor kinase signaling and the functionality of membrane receptors, by regulating the diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids.


exon-exon junction subcomplex mago-y14

Component of the core exon-exon-junction complex (EJC). Fairly conserved in eukaryotes; in Drosophila, consists of the Mago and Y14 (tsunagi) gene products. Important for coupling nuclear and cytoplasmic events in gene expression. Inhibits the ATPase activity of eIF4AIII (Q9VHS8) to ensure a stable association of the EJC core with the mRNA.


sheet-forming collagen trimer

A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers assemble into a sheet.


DNA methyltransferase complex

A protein complex that possesses DNA methyltransferase activity.


Cdc50p-Drs2p complex

A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Cdc50p and Drs2p proteins, and is involved in the trafficking of transport vesicles between the late Golgi and the early endosome.


procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(III) type

A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type III isoform.


sodium ion-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of sodium ions across a concentration gradient. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis.


Las1 complex

A four subunit complex, that comprises all the necessary RNA processing enzymes (endonuclease, polynucleotide kinase, and exonuclease) to mediate 'cistronic rRNA transcript ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) cleavage' (GO:0000448).


laminin-6 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


chloroplast large ribosomal subunit

The large subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


cytoplasmic U snRNP body

A ribonucleoprotein complex that can be visualized as a focus in the cytoplasm, and contains uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) and essential snRNP assembly factors. These U bodies are invariably found in association with P bodies.


interleukin-13 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-13; consists of two chains, interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 chain and interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain.


alphaPDGFR-SHP-2 complex

A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


A protein complex that comprises one integrin alphav subunit, one integrin beta5 subunit, and vitronectin.


alpha5-beta1 integrin-fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.


single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex

A protein complex that possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent DNA helicase activity.


TAF4B-containing transcription factor TFIID complex

A transcription factor TFIID complex that contains the TBP-associated factor TAF4B (also known as TAFII105 in human), a cell-type-specific variant of TAF4.


aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex

A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.


CENP-A containing chromatin

The specialized chromatin located in the centromeric core region or the entire centromeric region in organisms with point centromeres, which is enriched for CENP-A-containing nucleosomes. This chromatin forms a 3-dimensional structure which provides a platform for kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment.


retrograde transporter complex, Golgi to ER

Transporter complex that recognises, binds and returns endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins that have trafficked to Golgi compartments. Targets proteins lacking the HDEL motif recognised by COPI-coated vesicles.


Tapasin-ERp57 complex

Subunit of the MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824) (=PLC) involved in the assembly of the heavy-chain-beta2-microglobulin dimers of the MHC class I molecules that fold with eight to ten residue peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required for the inhibition of the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the heavy chains and the assembly and stabilization of the PLC, suggesting it may play a structural rather than a catalytic role.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-paxillin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to paxillin.


cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.


collagen type XXII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXII) chains; type XXII collagen triple helices acts as a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts.


alpha11-beta1 integrin-collagen type I complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha11-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type I collagen.


sulfurtransferase complex

A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


alphav-beta3 integrin-collagen alpha3(VI) complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen; the integrin binds most strongly to unfolded collagen.


endonuclease complex

A protein complex which is capable of endonuclease activity.


myosin VIII complex

A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VIII is predicted to be dimeric, and contain an unusual 100-190 residue N-terminal extension prior to their motor domains, 3-4 IQ motifs, a short region (~70 residues) of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil and a C-terminal domain.


mitotic septin complex

A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during mitotic cell division.


Rad51B-Rad51C complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B and RAD51C, or orthologs thereof.


bacterial-type flagellum stator complex

A hetero-hexameric complex of 2 membrane proteins, A and B, with stoichiometry A4B2. The A and B proteins form a channel through which flow the ions that power the bacterial-type flagellum. They form the stator, or nonrotating portion, of the flagellum motor with the B protein apparently attached to the peptidoglycan cell wall. Examples include the H+ driven MotA-MotB stator complex of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, and the Na+ driven PomA-PomB stator complex of Vibrio and Shewanella species.


EmrE multidrug transporter complex

A transmembrane protein complex capable of transporting positively charged hydrophobic drugs across the plasma membrane thereby involved in conferring resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds (e.g. methyl viologen, ethidium bromide and acriflavine). It is commonly found in bacteria. In E. coli it forms a homodimer.


RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex

A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.


small ribosomal subunit processing complex

A small heterodimeric protein complex that is required during early maturation of nascent 40S ribosomal subunits. The complex has endonuclease activity, it interacts with the small ribosomal subunit pre-rRNA and cleave it it to produce the mature 18S (or small ribosomal subunit) rRNA. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of Rcl1p and Bms1p.


SCF-Das1 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Das1 in S. cerevisiae.


integrin alphav-beta6 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta6 subunit.


U12 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U12, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U12 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U12 snRNA both while the U12 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


photosystem II

A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.


mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex

A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix.


protein complex involved in cell-matrix adhesion

Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.


BRE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

A homodimeric protein complex composed of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1. Plays a role in regulating association of RNA polymerase II with active genes.


SL snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains spliced leader (SL) RNA and associated proteins.


Asi complex

A nuclear ubiquitin ligase multiprotein complex located in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) that recognizes and ubiquitinates misfolded INM proteins and also some proteins involved in sterol biosynthesis, during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligases Asi1p and Asi3p.


DNA helicase A complex

A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.


SMN-Gemin2 complex

A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and Gemin2; may form the stable core of the larger SMN complex.


photosystem

A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. Examples of this component are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in photosynthetic bacterial and archaeal species.


FMN reductase complex

A protein complex capable of FMN reductase activity. Reduces FMN to FMNH2 in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner. In E.coli, consists of a SsuE dimer.


mating-type region heterochromatin

Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.


ATP-dependent citrate lyase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA.


intercalary heterochromatin

Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.


SREBP-SCAP complex

A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in the ER membrane; in the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM2 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM2.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and the extracellular matrix protein NOV.


upstream stimulatory factor complex

A protein complex capable of sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity through binding to a symmetrical DNA sequence (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3'). Found in a variety of viral and cellular promoters.


SCF-Skp2 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Skp2 in S. cerevisiae.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof).


AP-4 adaptor complex

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta4, epsilon, mu4 and sigma4 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the trans-Golgi network; it is not clear whether AP-4 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex I

A subcomplex of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


protein folding chaperone complex

A protein complex required for the non-covalent folding or unfolding, maturation, stabilization or assembly or disassembly of macromolecular structures. Usually active during or immediately after completion of translation. Many chaperone complexes contain heat shock proteins.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding

A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a half transporter. Two half-transporters come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


heterotetrameric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1.


collagen type XXV trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXV) chains; type XXV collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


myosin VI complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.


chloroplast photosystem I

Photosystem located in the chloroplast that functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.


interleukin-2 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-2; comprises alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.


alphaV-beta6 integrin-TGFbeta-3 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFbeta-3).


AP-5 adaptor complex

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


Fc-gamma receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


myosin XVIII complex

A myosin complex containing a class XVIII myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XVIII heavy chains contain an N-terminal PDZ domain.


eukaryotic 80S initiation complex

A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.


methane monooxygenase complex

A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.


Fc-alpha receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-alpha R alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgA.


alpha3-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


myosin XII complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class XII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XII contains a large tail region with two MyTH4 domains and a short region of coiled coil.


chloroplast outer membrane translocon

The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.


MdtBC Complex

A protein complex containing two transmembrane subunits; a MdtB dimer and one unit of MdtC. Capable of exporting substrates across the cell membrane. Involved in conferring antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria by transporting drugs across the membrane.


Ecsit-NDUFAF1 complex

Any large protein complex that contains Ecsit and NDUFAF1, is located in the mitochondrion, and is involved in the assembly of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation system. In mammalian cells, three complexes of approximately 500, 600, and 850 kDa containing the 45 kDa isoform of Ecsit and NDUFAF1 have been observed.


EFF-1 complex

A trimeric cell-cell fusion complex that serves as a scaffold for zippering up the extracellular domains, bringing the transmembrane segments into close proximity such that they can continue zippering within the two membranes into one. Two prefusion monomers cluster at the surface of adjacent cells. Parallel EFF-1 interactions occur across cells and a third monomer, which can come from either cell, adds on to make an intermediate, extended trimer.


secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex

A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.


Snt2C complex

A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.


toxin-antitoxin complex

A bacterial protein complex that neutralises its own toxin by complexing the toxin with the antitoxin. The antitoxin can be either a protein or an RNA. The neutralising toxin-antitoxin complex also acts as a transcriptional repressor of the toxin-antitoxin operon.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta5 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


D-amino-acid dehydrogenase complex

A protein complex that possesses D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity.


methionine-importing ABC transporter complex

An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex that is capable of methionine-importing activity. An example is the bacterial MetNIQ methionine transporter, that consists of the dimeric ATPase subunit MetN located at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and the dimeric transmembrane subunit MetI. MetQ is regarded as the periplasmic methionine-binding chaperon subunit, and is capable of transporting methionine from the periplasm into the cytoplasm in an ATP-dependent manner.


clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle

A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt4p homodimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt4p.


inositol phosphoceramide synthase complex

A protein complex that possesses inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity and contains a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (Aur1p and Kei1p, respectively, in Saccharomyces).


IgW immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgW isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgW immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


activator ecdysone receptor complex

A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.


vesicle tethering complex

Any protein complex that plays a role in vesicle tethering.


Delta1 complex

A protein complex that consists of homodimer of the Notch ligand Delta1.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.


superoxide dismutase complex

A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase activity.


IgA B cell receptor complex

An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


laminin-7 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


ERBB4-EGFR complex

A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1).


interleukin-20 receptor complex

A protein complex composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit and an interleukin ligand. In human, Interleukin-19, -20 and -24 bind IL20RA/IL20RB receptor subunits and Interleukin-20 and -24 bind IL22RA1/IL20RB receptor subunits.


cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle

A multisubunit complex located in the cytosol of a cell, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.


IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cartilage matrix protein chondroadherin.


integrin alpha6-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


condensed chromatin of inactivated sex chromosome

A condensed form of chromatin that is associated with an inactivated sex chromosome and which is responsible for its inactivation.


activated SUMO-E1 ligase complex

A protein complex consisting of a SUMO protein bound to a SUMO activating enzyme complex. Activation by the E1 complex and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I is required for the formation of covalent bonds between SUMO and its ultimate target proteins.


IgM B cell receptor complex

An IgM immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


endodeoxyribonuclease complex

A protein complex which is capable of endodeoxyribonuclease activity.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


SC5b-7 complex

A protein complex that consist of complement components C5b6 and C7 stably inserted in a cell membrane. Formation of the SC5b-7 complex is the first phase of membrane attack complex assembly.


telomere-telomerase complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome.


RNA polymerase V transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase V.


RNA polymerase III transcription repressor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase III promoter.


SCF-Met30/Pof1 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Met30 in S. cerevisiae (Pof1 in S pombe).


integrin alpha4-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


mature chylomicron

A chylomicron that contains apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2), a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and has a mean diameter of 500 nm and density of 0.95g/ml. Mature chylomicron particles transport exogenous (dietary) lipids from the intestines to other body tissues, via the blood and lymph.


alphav-beta3 integrin-ADAM23 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM23.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD47 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47.


mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


SCF-Mdm30 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Mdm30 in S. cerevisiae.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment

The mitochondrial membrane segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.


protein-containing complex

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.


alpha3-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD63.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


MLL3/4 complex

A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.


PSI associated light-harvesting complex I

Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem I.


platelet SNARE complex

A SNARE complex that is capable of fusing intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane of platelets for exocytosis of alpha-granules or dense granules. Contains isoforms of VAMP, SNAP and syntaxin proteins. Ternary SNARE complexes interact in a circular array to form ring complexes or channels around the membrane fusion. A common composition in human is VAMP-8, SNAP-23 and syntaxin-2 or -4.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CIB complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to CIB, a protein that binds calcium as well as the alphaIIb-beta3 integrin.


DnaA-DiaA complex

A protein-DNA complex containing a tetramer of DiaA attached to multiple DnaA molecule bound to oriC DNA. Regulates timely initiation of chromosomal replication during the cell cycle by stimulating assembly of DnaA-oriC complexes, conformational changes in ATP-DnaA initiation complexes, and unwinding of oriC duplex DNA.


ERBB3:ERBB2 complex

A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3.


Rpd3L complex

A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a two copies of catalytic histone deacetylase subunit (S. pombe Clr6/ S. cerevisiae Rpd3p), an Sds-3 family protein (S. pombe /S. cerevisiae Sds3(p) ), two copies of SIN3 family co-repressor (S. pombe Pst1/ S. cerevisiae Sin3p, a WD repeat protein/ histone chaperone (S. pombe Prw1/ S. cerevisiae Ume1p), and a zf- PHD finger ( S. pombe Png2/ S. cerevisiae Pho23p), plus 4 additional subunits, and associated factors.


alphaX-beta2 integrin-ICAM-4 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaX-beta2 integrin complex bound to intercellular adhesion molecule 4.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-laminin alpha-4 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-4.


auxin efflux carrier complex

The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.


glutamate synthase complex (NADPH)

A complex that possesses glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity.


ERBB4-ERBB3 complex

A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and ERBB3 (also called HER3). ERBB3 has impaired kinase activity so relies on the kinase activity of its heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.


3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase complex

Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).


Bre1-Rad6 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of Bre1 and Rad6 that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, elongation by RNA polymerase II, telomeric silencing, and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. It also modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis.


IgD immunoglobulin complex, GPI-anchored

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and bound via a GPI-anchor to the plasma membrane of B cells.


A protein complex which is capable of potassium:proton antiporter activity.


DnaB-DnaC-DnaT-PriA-PriB complex

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriB, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-C complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor C.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Rab3a (or orthologs thereof).


IgD immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


RITS complex

A protein complex required for heterochromatin assembly; contains an Argonaute homolog, a chromodomain protein, and at least one additional protein; named for RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.


serotonin receptor complex

A protein complex that is capable of serotonin receptor activity.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, Tfb4p and Tfb5p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).


A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the four mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursor. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Pbn1p and Gpi14p and in rat this complex consists of PIG-X and PIG-M.


Ku-DNA ligase complex

A nonhomologous end joining complex that contains one or more Ku monomers and one or more DNA ligase molecules from the LigC or LigD family, and mediates nonhomologous end joining in bacteria.


alpha2-beta1 integrin-CD47 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47.


TRAPPII protein complex

A complex that mediates intra-Golgi traffic, Golgi exit, endosome-to-Golgi traffic, and the trafficking of autophagy proteins from Golgi to the phagophore assembly site. Binds to a component of the COPI coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Tca17, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs65, Trs120, Trs130. The whole complex is thought to dimerize with itself.


tenascin complex

A extracellular matrix complex involved in cell adhesion and cell migration. Typically homotrimeric or homohexameric. In mammals, four complexes exist: Tenascin-C, Tenascin-N (also known as Tenascin-W), Tenascin-X and Tenascin-R.


lipid tube

A macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat.


myosin X complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class X myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


CSL-Notch-Mastermind transcription factor complex

A DNA-binding transcription factor complex consisting of CSL and mastermind proteins in complex with the cleaved, intracellular domain of Notch. It is required for both repression and activation of Notch target genes.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-laminin 5 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to laminin 5.


subapical complex

The most apical region of the lateral plasma membrane of an invertebrate epithelial cell. The subapical complex lies above the zonula adherens and the septate junction, and is comparable to the position of the tight junction of vertebrate cells.


RNA polymerase IV transcription repressor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase IV promoter.


snRNA-activating protein complex

A protein complex that recognizes the proximal sequence element of RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters.


methanol-CoM methyltransferase complex

A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.


mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex

A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).


collagen type XXI trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXI) chains; type XXI collagen triple helices found in the extracellular matrix component of blood vessel walls and in the cytoplasm of cultured human aortic smooth muscle.


laminin-15 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.


nitrate reductase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.


protein tyrosine phosphatase complex

A protein complex which is capable of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.


mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein complex

A protein complex located in the mitochondrion. It contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV pre-assembly complex

A protein complex that contributes to and regulates mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (COX) formation. It acts by regulating mitochondrial COX1 translation and by promoting the assembly of COX components.


nodal receptor complex

A protein complex containing at least a type II activin receptor, a type I activin receptor, and a coreceptor (EGF-CFC protein) such as Cripto or Cryptic. Nodal receptor complexes are capable of binding a nodal protein and transducing the signal into the cell.


SCF-Ufo1/Pof10 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Ufo1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof10 in S. pombe).


integrin alphaE-beta7 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaE subunit and one beta7 subunit.


NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex

A dimer consisting of an alpha and a beta-subunit that imports proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase FAK.


Wpl/Pds5 cohesin loading/unloading complex

A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising Wings apart-like protein and the Pds5 Armadillo repeat cohesin associated protein) involved in the loading and unloading of a cohesin complex onto DNA.


X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating

An RNA-protein complex localized to the X chromosome of males where it is required for the hyper-transcriptional activation of the X chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.


histamine-gated chloride channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to histamine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.


acetate CoA-transferase complex

A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Part of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.


Grb2-Shc complex

A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-EGFR complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to epidermal growth factor receptor.


PUMA-BCL-xl complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of PUMA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex

A protein complex consisting of frataxin, cysteine desulfurase, an accessory protein and a Fe-S scaffold protein. In human these genes correspond to FXN, NFS1, ISD11 and ISCU respectively. This complex assembles Fe-S clusters onto the scaffolding protein using the substrates ferrous iron, electrons, and sulfur from l-cysteine.


mannan polymerase I complex

A complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins as part of the priming and elongation of alpha 1,6-linked Man backbone. In S. cerevisiae, contains Mnn9p and Van1p.


ANPR-A receptor complex

A receptor complex composed of two ANPR-A molecules and expressed in the heart atrium in mammals; it plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-fluid volume homeostasis. Binding of the ligand AMP in response to atrial distension (high blood volume) leads to guanylate cyclase activity of the ANPR-A receptor complex, thereby elevating intracellular cGMP levels. The end result is a reduction in blood volume and, therefore, a reduction in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure.


glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


MIB complex

A mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging complex consisting of components of the MICOS complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the SAM complex in the outer membrane, a conserved DNAJ protein (human DNAJC11) and Metaxin 1.


Clr6 histone deacetylase complex I''

A histone deacetylase complex involved in chromatin organization. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe this complex consists of Clr6, Nts1, Mug165, and Png3.


CD19-Vav-PIK3R1 complex

A protein complex that contains the cell surface signaling molecule CD19, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, and the regulatory subunit alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).


cellubrevin-VAMP4-syntaxin-16 complex

A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, and syntaxin 16 (or orthologs thereof).


A protein complex that possesses ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase activity.


nuclear membrane protein complex

Any protein complex that is part of the nuclear membrane.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM3 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM3.


activating signal cointegrator 1 complex

A protein complex that contains TRIP4 (ASC1) and acts a transcriptional coactivator by interacting with transcription factors such as NF-kappa B. In humans this complex has 4 subunits: TRIP4 + ASCC1-3.


formate dehydrogenase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of formate to produce carbon dioxide (CO2).


dimethyl sulfoxide reductase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of dimethyl sulfide from dimethyl sulfoxide.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD9-CD47-platelet glycoprotein Ib complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface proteins CD9 and CD47, and the heterodimeric platelet glycoprotein Ib.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment

The peripheral segment of respiratory chain complex I located in the mitochondrion. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex

A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.


cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Usually contains fewer subunits than its eukaryotic counterpart; for example, the E. coli complex contains 12 E1 dimers, 8 E2 trimers, and 6 E3 dimers arranged in highly symmetric cubic order.


outer membrane protein complex

Any protein complex that is part of the bacterial outer membrane. An example In E.coli, is RcsF associated with any one of several outer membrane beta-barrel proteins (OMPs), such as OmpA, OmpF, or OmpcC.


high molecular weight kininogen receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as a receptor for high molecular weight kininogens. In humans, this receptor includes the CK1 and uPAR proteins.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD53 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD53, a member of the tetraspan family.


Mon1-Ccz1 complex

A protein complex that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and converts Rab-GDP to Rab-GTP. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least Mon1 and Ccz1, and serves as a GEF for the Rab Ypt7p.


alpha-heterochromatin

A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3e

An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3e.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase c-Src.


protein histidine kinase complex

A complex that possesses protein histidine kinase activity.


A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), alpha-SNAP, NSF, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).


U11/U12 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U11 and U12 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.


proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core

The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.


chloroplast photosystem II

An integral chloroplast membrane complex containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.


A protein complex which is capable of protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity.


myosin XIV complex

A myosin complex containing a class XIV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XIV heavy chains are the simplest known, containing a motor domain, no classic IQ motif and variable length tails.


alpha7-beta1 integrin-nicotinamide riboside kinase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (also known as muscle integrin binding protein, MIBP).


bI3 intron splicing complex

Aprotein complex required for the splicing of intron 3 of the cytochrome b (COB) gene. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the maturase bI3 (which derives from one of the products of the splicing), the MRS1 cofactor and the intron 4 of the cytochrome b pre-mRNA. The two proteins stimulate the ribozyme activity of the pre-mRNA which autoctalyse a group I intron splicing.


U4atac/U6atac x U5 tri-snRNP complex

A spliceosomal snRNP complex that is formed by the association of the U4atac/U6atac and U5 snRNPs.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)

All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, transmembrane substrate-binding subunit-containing

A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 4 subunits: a transmembrane substrate-binding protein (known as the S component), and an energy-coupling module that comprises two ATP-binding proteins (known as the A and A' components) and a transmembrane protein (known as the T component). Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex

A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients.


vacuolar transporter chaperone complex

A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.


nuclear proteasome core complex

The core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


myosin IV complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class IV myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin IV is relatively uncharacterized, but is predicted to have a single motor domain, one IQ motif and a tail with a Myosin Tail Homology (myTH4) domain homologous to that in the tails of myosins VII and XV.


BID-BCL-2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BID and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex

The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex located in the cytosol of the cell.


lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.


SeqA-DNA complex

A protein-DNA complex that contains an oligomer of SeqA bound to GATC sites in methylated or newly-synthesized, hemi-methylated double-stranded DNA, with preference for the latter. Binding of SeqA to hemimethylated DNA sequesters oriC, prevents re-methylation of DNA by Dam and in turn stops premature re-initiation of replication during one replication cycle.


UBR1-RAD6 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of UBR1 and RAD6 components. It polyubiquitinates proteins containing non-acetylated N-terminal residues causing their subsequent degradation by the proteasome as part of the Ac/N-End Rule pathway. It recognizes non-acetylated N-terminal methionine if it is followed by a hydrophobic residue. Additionally, it acts in an N-end rule independent manner as a component of a novel quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes.


alpha1-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


Rpd3L-Expanded complex

A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.


vacuolar HOPS complex

Any HOPS complex that is part of a vacuolar membrane.


plastid acetate CoA-transferase complex

An acetate CoA-transferase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.


RSP5-BUL ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RSP5 and BUL components. It polyubiquinates plasma membrane transporters and permeases, required for their endocytosis and subsequent degradation in the vacuole. BUL1 or BUL2, respectively, bind to the target protein, enabling ubiquitylation by Rsp5. Phosphorylation of BUL proteins results in binding to 14-3-3 proteins, protecting the permeases from down-regulation.


collagen type XII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.


cytoplasmic replisome

A multi-component enzymatic machine at the cytoplasmic replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins.


isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)

Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.


ModE complex

A dimeric protein complex containing two ModE subunits. Binds directly to DNA to regulate transcription, and is involved in (positively and negatively) regulating various aspects of molybdenum metabolism.


alkanesulfonate monooxygenase complex

A protein complex capable of alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity. Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation, catalyzing the conversion of alkanesulfonates into aldehydes and sulfite. In E.coli the complex consists of a SsuD tetramer.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta8 integrin complex bound to matrix metalloproteinase 14 and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1).


nuclear proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


nuclear membrane complex Bqt3-Bqt4

A protein complex that resides in the inner nuclear membrane and anchors telomeres to the nuclear envelope. In fission yeast, it is composed of Bqt3 and Bqt4.


TAT protein transport complex

A complex of three proteins integral to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) involved in membrane transport of folded proteins.


multivesicular body HOPS complex

Any HOPS complex that is part of a multivesicular body membrane.


DnaB helicase complex

A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; functions during DNA replication and repair.


signal recognition particle, chloroplast targeting

A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to the chloroplast.


IgE immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


laminin-8 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


cytosol pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex

A cytosolic complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.


alpha4-beta4 integrin-EMILIN-1 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta4 integrin complex bound to EMILIN-1 (ElastinMicrofibril Interface Located ProteIN).


meprin A complex

A protein complex that is located in the cell membrane, and is involved in the metabolism of peptides, including neuropeptides. The complex has metalloendopeptidase activity that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates, preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues.


alpha7-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.


alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex

An enzyme complex, usually a homodimer, which directly reduces cellular levels of organic hydroperoxides.


plasma membrane-derived thylakoid ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

A complex, located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits. It carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD9 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class II

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme and one or more adaptor proteins. There is no known obligatory regulatory subunit. The class II PI3K (PI3KC2) subfamily of genes has members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.


multi-pass translocon complex

A protein complex that mediates the insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Substrates enter via the lateral gate of the Sec61 translocon. The complex comprises the GEL subcomplex (composed of RAB5IF/OPTI and TMCO1), the BOS subcomplex (composed of NCLN/Nicalin, NOMO and TMEM147) and the PAT subcomplex (composed of WDR83OS/Asterix and CCDC47).


actomyosin, myosin complex part

The myosin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.


M/G1 phase-specific MADS box-forkhead transcription factor complex

A protein complex that contains a MADS-box protein and two forkhead domain proteins, and binds to and regulates transcription from promoters of genes transcribed during the M/G1 transition of the cell cycle. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the complex contains the MADS-box protein Mbx1 and two forkhead proteins, Sep1 and Fkh2.


photosystem I

A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, photosystem I functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin; in photosynthetic bacteria that have only a single type I photosystem, such as the green sulfur bacteria, electrons can go either to ferredoxin (Fd) -> NAD+ or to menaquinone (MK) -> Cytb/FeS -> Cytc555 -> photosystem I (cyclic photophosphorylation).


chloroplastic endopeptidase Clp complex

A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the chloroplast.


transmembrane collagen trimer

Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.


pyruvate kinase complex

A protein complex which is capable of pyruvate kinase activity.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to paxillin and the FAK-related kinase Pyk2.


penta-snRNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.


tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily complex

A receptor complex that contains one or more members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.


trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) complex

A protein complex which is capable of trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity.


efflux pump complex

A protein complex that is capable of efflux transmembrane transporter activity.


DnaA-HU complex

A protein-DNA complex containing DNA-bound DnaA attached to HU. HU is a dimer encoded by two closely related genes. Essential for the initiation of replication in bacteria; stimulates the DnaA-dependent unwinding of oriC.


interleukin-9 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-9; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-9 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for several other interleukins.


ciliary necklace

A protein complex located on the cilium membrane in the ciliary transition zone; it is connected to the cilium axoneme via Y-shaped links.


i-AAA complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk

One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


CMG complex

A protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication.


core TFIIH complex portion of NEF3 complex

The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3).


A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


transcription factor TFIIK complex

A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin28p/CDK7.


integrin alphaM-beta2 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaM subunit and one beta2 subunit.


RNA polymerase I transcription repressor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase I promoter.


RENT complex

A protein complex that mediates transcriptional silencing at the rDNA locus (the name derives from regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase). In Saccharomyces the complex contains Net1p, Sir2p, Cdc14p, and at least one more subunit.


atf1-pcr1 complex

A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of the bZIP proteins atf1 and pcr1. The heterodimer binds m26 sites (homologous to CRE).


BAD-BCL-2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


methyl coenzyme M reductase complex

A hexameric complex consisting of three polypeptides in an alpha2beta2gamma2 arrangement. Involved in the reduction of the coenzyme M-bound methyl group to methane, which is the final step in methanogenesis.


4-aminobutyrate transaminase complex

A homodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity.


Tea1 cell-end complex

A high molecular weight complex characterized in S. pombe containing the cell-end anchoring protein Tea1. This complex is transported to the cell ends by microtubules and is involved in bipolar growth and the maintennce of normal cell polarity.


Ssh1 translocon complex

A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Ssh1p, Sbh2p, and Sss1p. The Ssh1 translocon complex is involved in the cotranslational pathway of protein transport across the ER membrane, and recognizes proteins bearing strongly hydrophobic signal sequences.


plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex

A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind/react with quinones. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


IgG immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex

A mitochondrial complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


IgM immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A polymer of five or six IgM core units each composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds; the individual IgM core units are held together via disulfide bonds with a single J chain polypeptide acting as a bridge between two of the polymeric units. Circulating IgM is present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or in the blood or lymph.


IscS-TusA complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur-relay system required for 2-thiolation of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm5s2U) at tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consists of a central IscS dimer with the two TusA protomers bound to one of the IscS units each via persulfide (-SSH) groups.


bI4 intron splicing complex

A protein complex required for the splicing of intron 4 of the cytochrome b (COB) gene. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the maturase bI4 (which derives from one of the products of the splicing), Leucyl-tRNA synthetase NAM2 and the intron 4 of the cytochrome b pre-mRNA. The two proteins stimulate the ribozyme activity of the pre-mRNA which autoctalyse a group I intron splicing.


MPT synthase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex which catalyses sulfur transfer from the sulfur carrier subunit of MPT synthase to precursor Z to synthesize MPT as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoaE and MoaD; in human, MOCS2B and MOCS2A. Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.


nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex

A multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage.


hexameric IgM immunoglobulin complex

A circulating form of IgM consisting of a hexamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.


integrin alpha5-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha5 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


core-binding factor complex

A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that contains an alpha subunit (Runx1, Runx2 or Runx3 in human) that binds DNA and a non-DNA-binding beta subunit (CBFbeta), and binds to a consensus sequence 5'-YGYGGTY-3' found in several enhancers and promoters; the beta subunit enhances the DNA binding of the alpha subunit.


magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex

An intracellular enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of serine- or threonine-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase.


alphav-beta3 integrin-ADAM15 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.


transnitrosylase complex

A transferase complex which is capable of transferring nitrogenous groups from one component to another.


ammonium transmembrane transporter complex

High affinity ammonium transporter complex that enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other.


copper ion transmembrane transporter complex

A protein complex which is capable of copper ion transmembrane transporter activity.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex

Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.


dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) complex

A heteromultimeric complex capable of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+); in E. coli, composed of PreA and PreT.


Nkx-2.5 complex

A transcription factor complex formed by two or more subunits of Nkx-2.5. Nkx-2.5 is an evolutionary conserved transcription factor important for the specification and differentiation of cardiomyocytes during heart development. It is also required for spleen development. It binds DNA either as a monomer, or a homodimer, or a heterodimer complex to activate or inhibit expression of genes.


IgG immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex

The heterodimeric receptor for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


alpha6-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM8.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex

A protein complex that is capable of G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity.


GID complex

A protein complex with ubiquitin ligase activity that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is involved in proteasomal degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth conditions. It appears to play a broader role in cellular homeostasis and development in other species.


glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex

A transmembrane signaling receptor complex found exclusively on platelets. Involved in haemostasis and thrombosis where it aids blood coagulation.


photosystem II reaction center

An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.


photosystem II oxygen evolving complex

A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).


IgD immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


IgE immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgE immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


homodimeric serine palmitoyltransferase complex

A homodimeric complex which transfers a palmitoyl group onto serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.


IgY immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgY isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgY immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


thiazole synthase complex

A protein complex which is capable of thiazole synthase activity.


C/EBP complex

A dimeric, sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factor complex regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Exists at least as alpha and beta homodimeric forms. Binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes and probably plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction, inflammation and hemopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Transcription factor activity is inhibited by binding of CHOP forming heterodimers with alternative transcription factor activities.


RNA polymerase IV transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase IV.


xanthine dehydrogenase complex

A homodimeric protein complex having xanthine dehydrogenase activity.


EGFR-Shc-Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2, the adaptor protein SHC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 4 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and DNA-dependent ATPase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad7p and Rad16p.


myosin III complex

A myosin complex containing a class III myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin III is monomeric myosin that serves as a link between the cytoskeleton and the signaling complex involved in phototransduction, and differs from all other myosins in having an N-terminal kinase domain.


iron-iron nitrogenase complex

An enzyme complex containing an iron-iron cluster found in species such as the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. It is composed of two main subunits, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase. Dinitrogenase, the iron-iron containing subunit, has an alpha1-beta2 or alpha2-beta2 structure, and the nitrogenase reductase subunit is a homodimer. Functions in the catalysis of the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.


gamma-secretase-Delta1 complex

A protein complex that is formed by the association of the Notch ligand Delta1 with the gamma-secretase complex.


A protein complex that enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).


ERBB4-ERBB4 complex

A homodimeric complex containing two monomers of the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 (also called HER4).


synapsis initiation complex

A SUMO-E3 ligase complex capable of promoting synapsis, the meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase.


DnaB-DnaG complex

A protein complex containing homohexameric DnaB helicase, and DnaG (a primase). Facilitates the unwinding of double-stranded DNA and the synthesis of RNA primer sequences during DNA replication and repair in Prokaryotes.


SCF-Pof5 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Pof5 in S. pombe (YDR306C in S. cerevisiae).


collagen type XXIII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXIII) chains; type XXIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


alpha6-beta1 integrin-CYR61 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to CYR61, a cysteine-rich protein involved in angiogenesis.


heterochromatin domain

A region of heterochromatin that is formed dynamically under specific growth conditions by a process that requires RNAi, and is enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me).


A SNARE complex that contains VAMP4, syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).


catalytic complex

A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.


Cul8-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul8 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core. In S. cerevisiae, Mms1p acts as the adaptor protein and substrate specificity is conferred by any of a number of different proteins.


thylakoid light-harvesting complex

A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex

A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.


DNA polymerase III complex

The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.


glycine reductase complex

Complex that possesses glycine reductase activity; usually comprises three subunits, of which two are selenoproteins; the subunits are typically designated selenoprotein A, selenoprotein B and protein C.


cyanelle ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the cyanelle, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The best characterized cyanelle ribonuclease P complex, from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa, contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


Cry-Per complex

Nuclear transcriptional repressor complex that is capable of negatively regulating CLOCK-BMAL-dependent transactivation of genes in a delayed negative feedback manner which generates circadian rhythms.


iNOS-S100A8/A9 complex

A protein complex capable of stimulus-inducible nitric-oxide synthase activity. S-nitrosylates cysteine residues in target proteins, a principal mechanism of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signal transduction. In mammals consists of NOS2, S100A8 and S100A9. S100A9 acts both as an adaptor linking NOS2 to its target and as a transnitrosylase that transfers the nitric oxide moiety from NOS2 to its target, via its own S-nitrosylated cysteine.


IgM immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


peroxisomal importomer complex

A protein complex responsible for transporting proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. An example of this complex is Pex14 found in S. cerevisae which has 9 core components and 12 transient interaction partners.


A protein-containing complex located intracellularly.


chylomicron remnant

A lipoprotein particle that is derived from a mature chylomicron particle by the removal of triglycerides from the chylomicron core by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of surface components. It characteristically contains apolipoprotein E (APOE) and is cleared from the blood by the liver.


Ddb1-Ckn1 complex

A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Ckn1 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.


A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol transporter activity.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaE-beta7 integrin complex bound to E-cadherin.


collagen type XVI trimer

A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils.


histone H3-containing nucleosome

A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins containing the histone H3, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


ERBB4:ERBB2 complex

A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.


myosin I complex

A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement.


BAK complex

An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAK, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


chloroplast ATP synthase complex

The protein complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in chloroplasts.


integrin alphaD-beta2 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaD subunit and one beta2 subunit.


SCF-Dia2/Pof3 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Dia2 in S. cerevisiae (Pof3 in S. pombe).


Ddb1-Wdr21 complex

A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Wdr21 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.


SBF transcription complex

A protein complex that binds to the Swi4/6 cell cycle box (SCB) promoter element, consensus sequence CRCGAAA, and activates transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Swi4p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Whi5p and Msa1p.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM1 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM1.


oligosaccharyltransferase II complex

An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTII complex has intermediate affinity for ribosomes.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-CD98 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD98.


nucleolar exosome (RNase complex)

A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and in some taxa (e.g. yeast) endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase complex

A homodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the reaction: 7-methylguanosine-5'-triphospho-5'-pholynucleotide + H20 = 7-methylguanosine-5'-phosphate + polynucleotide.


PKM2 protein kinase complex

A protein complex capable of phosphorylating a large number of protein targets. Contributes to cell proliferation under glycose starvation conditions. In human, the complex is present as a dimer.


BAX complex

An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAX, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.


multimerin complex

Glycoprotein complex of the C1q/TNF superfamily involved in cell adhesion. A homotrimer that will combine to form supramolecular Multimerin structures.


endosomal scaffold complex

A protein complex that contains MAPKSP1 (MP1, Map2k1ip1) and ROBLD3 (p14, Mapbpip), is anchored to late endosomes, and is involved in selective activation of the ERK1 in ERK/MAPK signaling.


pre-primosome complex

Any of the protein-DNA complexes that contain a DNA helicase and associated protein(s) at the origin of replication, and build up to assembling the core primosome. The associated protein(s) chaperone the helicase to the DNA, and assembly of the pre-primosome is essential for the initiation or restart of replication. Pre-primosome complexes lack a primase component.


myosin XVII complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class XVII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.


DnaB-DnaC-Rep-PriC complex

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins Rep and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)

The catalytic sector of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


mitochondrial processing peptidase complex

A protein complex consisting of a regulatory subunit (alpha-MPP) and a catalytic subunit (beta-MPP) that catalyzes the release of N-terminal targeting peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion.


S100A9 complex

A protein complex composed of a S100A9 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways. Transports arachidonic acid between the cytosol and the NADPH oxidase complex at the plasma membrane in neutrophils as part of an inflammatory signal cascade leading to an oxidative burst. Complexes with microtubules to increase cell motility.


neurotransmitter receptor complex

Any protein complex that is capable of functioning as a neurotransmitter receptor.


laminin-4 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.


chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein complex

A protein complex that is part of a chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)

An NADH dehydrogenase complex that catalyzes the transfer of electrons to plastoquinone. The complex is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones and the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, and is found in plastid thylakoids.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-A complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor A.


myosin XV complex

A myosin complex containing a class XV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin XV is single headed, and has a large extension (1200aa) at the N-terminus of the motor domain, two IQ motifs and a tail with a similar domain structure to that of the tail of myosin VII.


A protein complex which is capable of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


myosin XI complex

A myosin complex containing a dimer of class XI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin XI heavy chain sizes are similar in molecular structure to the class V myosins with 5 to 6 IQ motifs and tail regions with predicted coiled coil domains (forming dimeric molecules) and large C-terminal regions.


alpha5-beta5-fibronectin-SFRP2 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta5 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and secreted frizzled-related protein 2.


Rad6-Rad18 complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found to be involved in post-replicative bypass of UV-damaged DNA and UV mutagenesis. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Rad6 and Rad18, a protein containing a RING finger motif and a nucleotide binding motif. The yeast Rad6-Rad18 heterodimer has ubiquitin conjugating activity, binds single-stranded DNA, and possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex, LHCIIb subcomplex

A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem II associated light-harvesting complex II; contains two proteins (usually about 28 and 27 kDa), and may contain a third; peripherally located relative to other LHC polypeptides.


Pi Mi complex

A transcription factor complex composed of a homeodomain protein and the M-specific peptide Mi that acts at the regulatory region of genes required for the activation of meiosis.


chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex

A lysosomal membrane protein complex that enables the translocation of a target protein across the lysosomal membrane as part of chaperone-mediated autophagy.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk

One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.


INA complex

A protein complex located in the inner membrane of mitochondria that is involved in the assembly of the peripheral (or stator) stalk of the mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as the F1F0 ATP synthase). In budding yeast, this complex includes Ina22p and Ina17p.


sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex

A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of sodium ions across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0 or V0) that carries out ion transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1 or V1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis.


HDA1 complex

A tetrameric histone deacetylase complex that contains a Class II deacetylase catalytic subunit. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of two Hda1p subunits along with Hda2p and Hda3p.


mitochondrial mRNA editing complex

An mRNA editing complex found in the mitochondrion. The best characterized example is that of Trypanosoma brucei, which catalyzes the insertion and deletion of uridylates.


RAD6-UBR2 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RAD6 and UBR2 components. It may act in a quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. The UBR2 component lacks sequence motifs required for N-end rule degradation.


FHL3-CREB complex

A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL3, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R is a heterotetramer that consists of two alpha-subunits and two beta-subunits.


collagen type XX trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XX) chains.


GTPase complex

A protein complex which is capable of GTPase activity.


starch utilization system complex

A bacterial cell envelope-associated multiprotein system, which binds and degrades starch.


transcription factor TFIIIC1 complex

A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human. The complex is poorly characterized, but contains the 250-kDa form of HsBdp1, and is thought to include nuclear factor 1 (NF1). It stimulates binding by human TFIIIC2 and is required for transcription activity.


transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 complex

A protein complex that possesses protein kinase activity and activates the I-kappa B kinase complex (IKK) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in response to TRAF6 signaling. It comprises the catalytic subunit TAK1 complexed to the regulatory subunits, termed TABs (TAK1-binding subunits).


nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex

The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


Vps55/Vps68 complex

A membrane-associated protein complex that is required for a late stage of endosomal transport. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps55p and Vps68p proteins.


DPS complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that in S. pombe consists of the proteins Dis2, Ppn1, and Swd22.


PUMA-BCL-2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of PUMA and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


Lsm-containing SMN-Sm protein complex

An SMN-Sm protein complex formed by the association of the methylated Sm proteins B/B', D3, E, F, and G, and Lsm10 and Lsm11, with the SMN complex. This complex forms Sm cores on U7 snRNA.