host bacteroid-containing symbiosome

A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.


Refractory Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs in childhood and does not respond to treatment.


Childhood Acute Basophilic Leukemia

An acute basophilic leukemia occurring in children.


Sinonasal Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


growth hormone receptor complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A receptor complex that consists of two identical subunits and binds growth hormone.


Supernumerary Hemivertebra

More than the usual or expected number of hemivertebra.


Malignant neoplasm of hypopharynx recurrent

The reemergence of a hypopharyngeal malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Benign neoplasm of pyriform sinus

A neoplasm that arises from the pyriform sinus and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Neoplasm of pyriform sinus

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the pyriform sinus.


COVID-19-Associated Anosmia

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Anosmia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


esophageal artery

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus.


Tentorial tear due to birth trauma

Pertaining to tears involving the tentorium of the cerebellum.


median artery

An artery found in the forearm, between the radial artery and ulnar artery. It runs with the median nerve and supplies the same structures as that nerve. It may be unilateral or bilater.


artery of lip

Either of two arteries (inferior or superior) that supply the lips.


left subclavian artery

The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage.


Straight Artery of the Endometrium

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A small artery that originates from the radial artery and supplies the basal layer of the endometrium.


Mid-Left Anterior Descending Artery

The segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery between the first and third diagonal branches.


dorsalis pedis artery

A blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted].


auricular artery

An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ear.


Second left marginal artery

The second artery arising from the left circumflex artery that supplies the lateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Inferior External Articular Artery

A blood vessel arising from the popliteal artery that supplies blood to the head of the fibula and the front of the knee joint.


Structure of tarsal artery

An artery arising from the dorsalis pedis artery at the navicular bone that supplies the articulations of the tarsus and the extensor brevis digitorum muscle.


Lateral Third Obtuse Marginal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the third obtuse marginal artery.


Branch of thoracic aorta

Any artery arising from the thoracic aorta.


Inferior Internal Articular Artery

A blood vessel arising from the popliteal artery that supplies blood to the head of the tibia and the knee joint.


Left Atrioventricular Artery

The first posterolateral branch originating from the posterior atrioventricular left circumflex artery in left dominant and mixed circulations.


Lateral Third Diagonal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the third diagonal artery.


Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery

A blood vessel arising from the external iliac artery with three branches, cremasteric, muscular and pubic, which supply oxygenated blood to the lower abdomen.


First Right Posterolateral Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, this is the first branch that arises from the right coronary artery distal to the right posterior descending artery, when counted from proximal to distal.


lacrimal artery

The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted].


Common interosseous artery

Either of three arteries including the common interosseous artery which arises from the ulnar artery and bifurcates into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.


External Circumflex Artery

A blood vessel arising from the profunda artery supplying the muscles on the front of the thigh and divides into ascending, descending and transverse branches.


Anterior descending branch of left coronary artery

A left coronary artery branch that descends on the anterior portion of the heart through the anterior interventricular groove.


Popliteal Artery Below the Knee

The segment of the popliteal artery that is located below the knee.


Circumflex Artery AV Groove Continuation Artery

The segment of the left circumflex artery that is distal to the third marginal branch, located in the atrioventricular groove.


Branch of superior mesenteric artery

Any artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery.


Septal Perforator Artery

The arteries arising from the right posterior descending artery that supply the interventricular septum.


Diagonal Branch of the Anterior Descending Artery

One of the arteries arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supply the anterolateral wall.


sigmoid artery

The sigmoid arteries, two or three in number, run obliquely downward and to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the Psoas major, ureter, and internal spermatic vessels. Their branches supply the lower part of the descending colon, the iliac colon, and the sigmoid or pelvic colon; anastomosing above with the left colic, and below with the superior hemorrhoidal artery.


interlobular artery

The branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule.


right common carotid artery plus branches

The rightmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk.


uterine artery

The branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina.


common palmar digital artery

Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles.


facial artery

A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted].


External Malleolar Artery

An artery on the lateral side of the ankle arising from the anterior tibial artery.


Mid-Distal Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery and All Diagonal Coronary Branches

All of the arterial branches distal to the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery.


Digital artery structure

A type of artery that supplies blood to the fingers and toes. In the hand, the digital arteries include the common palmar digital arteries that arise from the superficial palmar arch, the proper palmar digital arteries that are branches of the common palmar digital arteries and occasionally have dorsal branches distal to the proximal interphalangeal joints, and the dorsal digital arteries that are branches of the dorsal metacarpal arteries. In the foot, the digital arteries include the plantar digital arteries that arise from the plantar arch and the dorsal digital arteries that are branches of the dorsal metatarsal arteries.


Distal Circumflex Artery

The segment of the left circumflex artery that is between the second and third obtuse marginal branches.


spleen trabecular artery

One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP].


sublingual artery

A branch of the lingual artery that supplies the sublingual gland.


tibial artery

The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and pes. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot.


external iliac artery

The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted].


medial plantar artery

The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted].


Ramus Intermedius Artery

An artery that arises from the left main coronary artery and is positioned between the left anterior descending coronary artery and the circumflex artery.


alveolar artery

A branch of the maxillary artery that is found in the gingiva, premolars, and molars.


Right Coronary Artery and its Branches

The right coronary artery and all of its branches, including the right posterior descending, right posterolateral and acute marginal branches.


Posterior Carpal Artery

Either of two arteries that arise from the ulnar artery or the radial artery that anastomose to form the posterior carpal arch of the hand.


superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which comes from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk. The common hepatic itself becomes the proper hepatic after giving off the gastroduodenal artery and goes on to supply the right and left lobes of the liver. The term superior distinguishes the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. These arteries, together with the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery, form connections or anastomoses with one another, allowing blood to perfuse the pancreas and duodenum through multiple channels. The artery splits into two branches: the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the anterior margins of the duodenum and pancreas the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the posterior margins of these organs [WP,unvetted].


Radial Artery of the Upper Extremity

An artery arising from the brachial artery just below the bend of the elbow with numerous branches in the forearm, wrist and hand.


Internal Malleolar Artery

A blood vessel arising from the anterior tibial artery that runs along the medial side of the ankle to supply the ankle joint.


ileocolic artery

The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted].


posterior tibial artery

The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted].


Branch of inferior mesenteric artery

Either of three branches (colica sinistra, sigmoid artery, or superior hemorrhoidal artery) arising from the inferior mesenteric artery.


Mid-Circumflex Artery

The segment of the left circumflex artery between the first and second marginal branches.


Branch of popliteal artery

Any artery arising from the popliteal artery.


anterior spinal artery

A blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord.


transverse facial artery

The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted].


superior thoracic artery

The superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery) is a small vessel normally arising from the first division of the axillary artery, but may arise from the thoracoacromial artery, itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery. Running forward and medialward along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest. It supplies branches to the first and second intercostal spaces as well as to the superior portion of serratus anterior. It anastomoses with the internal mammary and intercostal arteries.


Left Posterolateral Descending Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this branch arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation and supplies the inferior apex of the heart.


Second Left Posterolateral Branch Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this is the second branch that arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation when counted from proximal to distal. It supplies the posterolateral wall.


branch of left coronary artery

Any artery arising from the left coronary artery.


subcostal artery

An artery that runs along the bottom of the lowest rib. They constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted].


Branch of internal iliac artery

Any artery arising from the internal iliac artery.


Hand Digit 4 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the ring finger, either the ulnar or radial proper digital artery.


branch of ulnar artery

Any artery arising from the ulnar artery.


carotid artery segment

One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries.


buccal artery

The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted].


Innominate Artery Branch

One of two arteries (right common carotid and right subclavian) that branch off of the innominate artery.


Aortic Arch Branch

An artery originating from the aortic arch.


Common Femoral Artery

An artery arising from the external iliac artery at the inguinal ligament which bifurcates forming the deep and superficial femoral arteries.


superficial palmar arch

The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, in some individuals the contribution from the radial artery might be absent, and instead anastomoses with either the princeps pollicis artery, the radialis indicis artery, or the median artery, the former two of which are branches from the radial artery. Alternative names for this arterial arch are: superficial volar arch, superficial ulnar arch, arcus palmaris superficialis, or arcus volaris superficialis. The arch passes across the palm in a curve with its convexity downward. If one were to fully extend the thumb, the superficial palmar arch would lie approximately at the level of a line drawn from the distal border of the thumb across the palm. The superficial palmar arch is more distal than the deep palmar arch. Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the arch, proceeding down on the second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles, respectively. They each receive a contribution from a palmar metacarpal artery. Near the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints, each common palmar digital artery divides into two proper palmar digital arteries.


Internal Circumflex Artery

A blood vessel arising from the profunda artery with one branch supplying the hip joint and two other branches supplying the adductor muscles in the upper inner thigh.


Hand Digit 1 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the thumb; either the ulnopalmar, radiopalmar, ulnodorsal, or radiodorsal digital artery to the thumb, or the princeps pollicis artery.


Circumflex Artery and its Branches

The left circumflex coronary artery and all of its branches, including the obtuse marginals, left posterolateral and left posterior descending artery branches.


occipital artery

The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted].


Structure of sciatic artery

An artery that is one of the terminal branches of the internal iliac artery that also accompanies the sciatic nerve with numerous branches within and outside the pelvis.


Superior External Articular Artery

A blood vessel arising from the popliteal artery that divides into deep and superficial branches. The deep branch supplies blood to the lower portion of the femur and knee joint while the superficial branch supplies the vastus externus.


Branch of external iliac artery

Any artery arising from the external iliac artery.


Superior Internal Articular Artery

A blood vessel arising from the popliteal artery that supplies blood to the hamstring muscles.


Structure of medial circumflex femoral artery

An artery arising from the profunda femoris artery with ascending and descending branches that supply the thigh muscles and hip joint.


right pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung.


deep femoral artery

The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted].


branch of brachial artery

Any artery arising from the brachial artery.


Third Diagonal Branch Artery

The third artery arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supplies the anterolateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


peroneal artery

An artery that supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted].


Right Posterior Descending Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, the arterial branch that arises from the distal right coronary artery between the acute marginal artery and the first right posterolateral segment. It supplies the inferior apex of the heart.


iliac circumflex artery

One of two (deep circumflex and superficial circumflex) iliac arteries that supply the lower abdomen, inguinal lymph nodes, sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae.


branch of posterior tibial artery

Any artery arising from the posterior tibial artery.


Right Posterior Atrioventricular Artery

The arterial branch between the right posterior descending artery segment and the first right posterolateral segment.


superficial circumflex iliac artery

The superficial iliac circumflex artery (or superficial circumflex iliac), the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium. It divides into branches which supply the integument of the groin, the superficial fascia, and the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex, the superior gluteal and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.


inferior epigastric artery

The artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery.


First Diagonal Branch Artery

The first artery arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supplies the anterolateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


circumflex branch of left coronary artery

Branch of left coronary artery which runs perpendicular to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery on the left side of the interventricular sulcus and supplies the left side of the heart.


medial tarsal artery

The medial tarsal arteries are two or three small branches which ramify on the medial border of the foot and join the medial malleolar net-work.


Palmar Digital Artery

A type of artery that supplies blood to the fingers and includes the common palmar digital arteries, the dorsal digital arteries of the hand, and the proper palmar digital arteries.


cervical artery

An artery of the neck.


Proximal Left Anterior Descending Artery

The section of the left anterior descending coronary artery that arises from the left main coronary artery and extends to the first diagonal branch.


thoracic cavity artery

An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm].


coronary artery

An artery that supplies the myocardium.


Mid-Right Coronary Artery Conduit

The section of the right coronary artery between the right ventricular artery and the acute marginal artery.


Second Right Posterolateral Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, this is the second branch that arises from the right coronary artery distal to the right posterior descending artery, when counted from proximal to distal.


epigastric artery

An external iliac artery branch that supplies blood to the anterior abdominal wall.


Posterior Mediastinal Artery

The many arteries arising from the thoracic aorta that supply the lymph nodes and pleura of the posterior mediastinum.


thoracodorsal artery

The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted].


inferior vesical artery

An artery that supplies blood to the lower urinary bladder.


Metatarsal artery

Any of the four dorsal or four plantar arteries that arise from the dorsalis pedis artery that extend over the metatarsal bones.


Third Posterolateral Descending Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this is the third branch that arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation when counted from proximal to distal. It supplies the posterolateral wall.


sural artery

The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted].


thyroid artery

An artery that supplies a thyroid gland.


Structure of penile artery

Any of the arteries that supply blood to the penis, including the common penile artery, and the bulbourethral, dorsal, and cavernosal branches of the common penile artery.


pancreaticoduodenal artery

Either of two arteries including the inferior and superior pancreatico-duodenal arteries that supply the pancreas and duodenum.


uterine spiral artery

A corkscrew-like artery in premenstrual or progestational endometrium; uterine spiral arteries play a vital role in supplying nutrients to the placenta and fetus, and are thus remodeled into highly dilated inelastic vessels by the action of invading trophoblast (physiological change).


left common carotid artery plus branches

The leftmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from the aortic arch in the thorax.


Lateral Ramus Intermedius Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the ramus intermedius artery.


Right Ventricular Branch of Right Coronary Artery

The branch of the right coronary artery that supplies blood to the right ventricular wall.


Posterolateral Coronary Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, the arterial branch that arises from the distal right coronary artery in the posterior atrioventricular groove after the origin of the right posterior descending artery.


superior rectal artery

The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum.


lateral thoracic artery

A blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted].


infraorbital artery

The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted].


superior thyroid artery

The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland.


masseteric artery

The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies. It anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary artery and with the transverse facial artery.


temporal artery

A terminal branch of the external carotid artery that branches into the anterior and posterior temporal arteries.


Anterior Circumflex Artery

An axillary artery branch with distribution to the humeral head and biceps muscle.


Pulmonary Artery Branch

Any artery arising from the pulmonary artery.


nutrient foramen artery

The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals.


Common Femoral Artery Branch

The proximal portion of the femoral artery.


right coronary artery

Coronary artery which runs along the right side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the right side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified].


Superficial femoral artery

The portion of the femoral artery distal to the branching of the deep femoral artery that runs close to the skin.


spinal artery

Arteries that supply the spinal cord.


Branch of femoral artery

Any artery arising from the femoral artery.


Anastomotica Magna Artery

A brachial artery branch with distribution to the muscles at the back of the elbow.


Lateral First Obtuse Marginal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the first obtuse marginal artery.


Hand Digit 2 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the index finger, either the radial artery of the index finger or the ulnar proper digital artery.


Third left marginal artery

The third artery arising from the left circumflex artery that supplies the lateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Popliteal Artery Above the Knee

The segment of the popliteal artery that is located above the knee.


Branch of anterior tibial artery

An arterial branch arising from the anterior tibial artery.


subscapular artery

The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted].


Intercostal Artery Branch

Either of three arteries (posterior or dorsal branch, collateral intercostal and spinal) that branch off of the intercostal artery.


Anterior Carpal Artery

One of the arteries that deliver blood to the wrist. It arises from the radial artery and forms an anastomosis with the ulnar anterior carpal artery.


Proximal Right Coronary Artery Conduit

The section of the right coronary artery proximal to the origin of the right ventricular artery.


Internal Pubic Artery

An artery that supplies the external sex organs in both males and females.


Lateral Second Obtuse Marginal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the second obtuse marginal artery.


superficial cervical artery

It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery.


First Left Posterolateral Branch Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this is the first branch that arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation when counted from proximal to distal. It supplies the posterolateral wall.


gastroepiploic artery

One of two (right and left) arteries along the greater curvature of the stomach that supply blood to the greater omentum and stomach.


Inferior Profunda Artery

A small blood vessel arising from the brachial artery in the lower portion of the upper arm that supplies blood to the head of the triceps muscle.


Branch of common iliac artery

Any artery arising from the common iliac artery.


Structure of marginal branch of right coronary artery

The arteries that arise at the junction of the proximal and mid-right coronary artery conduit segments.


Structure of gastroduodenal artery

A small artery located in the abdomen that arises from the common, left, or right hepatic artery, and supplies blood to the pylorus of the stomach, the proximal duodenum, and the head of the pancreas.


Distal Right Coronary Artery Conduit

The section of the right coronary artery distal to the origin of the acute marginal artery.


Perforating Artery of the Thigh

One of four arteries arising from the profunda femoris that pass through the adductor magnus muscle to supply the back of the thigh.


Third Right Posterolateral Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, this is the third branch that arises from the right coronary artery distal to the right posterior descending artery, when counted from proximal to distal.


internal iliac artery

The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted].


Common Carotid Artery Branch

Any artery that takes its origin from the common carotid artery, most commonly the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery.


Second Diagonal Branch Artery

The second artery arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supplies the anterolateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Deep Palmar Artery

An arched blood vessel arising from the terminal portion of the radial artery and the ulnar artery located on the bases of the metacarpal bones.


Radial Artery of the Endometrium

Arteries that arises from the arcuate arteries in the myometrium and supply small straight arteries to the basal layer of the endometrium and spiral arteries to the functional zone of the endometrium.


Posterior Circumflex Artery

An artery branching off of the axillary artery that supplies the shoulder joint and the teres minor and deltoid muscles.


left pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung.


Structure of thyroidea ima artery

An artery that can arise from the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery, aortic arch, internal mammary artery, right common carotid artery, or the subclavian artery to supply the lower portion of the thyroid gland.


External Plantar Artery

An artery supplying blood to the bottom of the feet and toes that arises from the posterior tibial artery.


thoraco-acromial artery

The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted].


superior gluteal artery

The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted].


inferior thyroid artery

One of the three branches of the thyroid axis that supplies the thyroid gland and branches to form the ascending cervical, esophageal, inferior laryngeal, muscular and tracheal arteries.


Left Anterior Descending Septal Perforator Artery

The arteries that arise from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supply the interventricular septum.


dorsal metacarpal artery

Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries.


lingual artery

The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP].


Subdivision of deep femoral artery

Any artery arising from the deep femoral artery.


Structure of pericardial artery

The small arteries arising from the thoracic aorta that supply the pericardium.


Structure of middle rectal artery

An artery arising from the internal iliac artery that supplies the middle section of the rectum and anastomoses with the superior and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries.


Hand Digit 5 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the little finger, either the ulnar or radial proper digital artery.


First left marginal artery

The first artery arising from the left circumflex artery that supplies the lateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Branch of axillary artery

Any artery arising from the axillary artery.


Structure of deep brachial artery

A blood vessel arising from the brachial artery in the center of the upper arm that supplies blood to the triceps muscle and humerus.


Branch of dorsalis pedis artery

Any artery arising from the dorsalis pedis artery.


Hand Digit 3 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the middle finger, either the ulnar or radial proper digital artery.


anterior tibial artery

The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted].


branch of external carotid artery

Any artery arising from the external carotid artery.


Lateral First Diagonal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the first diagonal artery.


mental artery

The mental branch of inferior alveolar artery escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries. [WP,unvetted].


obturator artery

The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted].


plantar metatarsal artery

The plantar metatarsal arteries (digital branches) are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei. Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes. Near their points of division each sends upward an anterior perforating branch to join the corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis) springs from the junction between the lateral plantar and deep plantar arteries and sends a digital branch to the medial side of the first toe. The digital branch for the lateral side of the fifth toe arise from the lateral plantar artery near the base of the fifth metatarsal bone.


Azygos Articular Artery

A small blood vessel branch arising opposite of the back of the knee joint from the popliteal artery and supplies the ligaments and synovial membrane in the interior of the articulation.


Distal Left Anterior Descending Artery

The segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that is distal to the third diagonal branch.


Lateral Second Diagonal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the second diagonal artery.


ethmoidal artery

One of: anterior or posterior ethmoidal arteries.


left coronary artery

Coronary artery which runs along the left side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the left side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified].


Resectable Carcinoma

Carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma

Gallbladder adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Carcinoma duodenum resectable

Carcinoma of the duodenum amendable to surgical removal.


Resectable Periampullary Adenocarcinoma

Periampullary adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical removal.


Resectable Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

Liver and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Digestive System Carcinoma

Digestive system carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin squamous cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Localized Resectable Adult Liver Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is amendable to surgical removal.


Resectable Ampulla of Vater Adenocarcinoma

Ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Appendix Carcinoma

Appendix carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Gastric adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Skin Carcinoma

Skin carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Small intestine carcinoma resectable

Carcinoma of the small intestine amendable to resection.


Resectable Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Localized Resectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Carcinoma liver resectable

A hepatocellular carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Esophageal adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Cerebellar Anaplastic Astrocytoma

A cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Cerebellar Astrocytoma

Regrowth of benign and malignant childhood cerebellar astrocytomas that have previously been subjected to surgical resection and less frequently other forms of therapy such as radiation or chemotherapy.  Recurrence of benign tumors (e.g., (pilocytic astrocytoma) may respond to a second surgical procedure.


epithelial tube

Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.


metanephric ureteric bud

The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO].


epithelium of male urethra

An epithelium that is part of a male urethra.


pulmonary artery endothelium

An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO].


renal tubule

A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


mesonephric tubule

A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP].


renal cortex tubule

A region of nephron tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney.


male paramesonephric duct

An epithelial tube that develops from a Mullerian duct in a male. Later degenerates.


mesonephric connecting tubule

The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros.


jugular lymph sac

An embryonic lymph sac that forms at the junction of the future internal jugular/anterior cardinals and subclavian veins.


dental follicle

A sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively.


mesonephric nephron tubule

A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO].


nephric duct

A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO].


distal tubule

The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that consists of the distal convoluted tubule and distal straight tubule segments.


efferent duct epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a efferent duct.


uriniferous tubule

Functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule.


ejaculatory duct epithelium

The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands.


embryonic lymph sac

A population of lymphatic endothelial cell precursors that will form the lymph vessels.


metanephric proximal straight tubule

The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO].


endothelial tube

Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition].


renal connecting tubule

The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO].


epithelium of pancreatic duct

An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct.


mammary duct

Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO].


arborizing epithelial duct system

A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal.


proximal straight tubule

The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.


ureteric bud trunk

Ureteric bud cells that elongate to form a rigid structure (stalk) consisting of polarized epithelial cells without branching; the stalks differentiate into the collecting system of the mature kidney, while the tip cells interact with the adjacent cells of the metanephric mesenchyme, inducing their conversion into nephrons.


anterior mesonephric tubule

Missing definition for term UBERON:0005104. Please replace it using linked reference.


embryonic cisterna chyli

An embryonic lymph sac that is dorsal to the retroperitoneal lymph sac, at the level of the adrenal glands.


heart tube

An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


posterior mesonephric tubule

Missing definition for term UBERON:0005105. Please replace it using linked reference.


paroophoron

A collection of a few scattered rudimentary tubules child, situated in the broad ligament between the epoophoron and the uterus.


metanephric loop of Henle

The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO].


outer medulla outer stripe loop of Henle

A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla outer stripe.


metanephric nephron tubule

A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO].


transitional epithelium of prostatic urethra


dorsal pancreatic bud

Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.


ventral pancreatic bud

Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct.


epithelial sac

An epithelial tube that is open at one end only.


mammary duct terminal end bud

A unique club-shaped epithelial structure that develops at the tip of the mammary duct at the onset of puberty under the action of circulating hormones.


pleuroperitoneal canal

Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity.


mesonephric distal tubule

The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule.


primary ureteric bud

Missing definition for term UBERON:0005312. Please replace it using linked reference.


pronephric proximal convoluted tubule

A proximal convoluted tubule that is part of a pronephros.


proximal tubule

In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO].


iliac lymph sac

An embryonic lymph sac that forms near the junction of the iliac veins with the posterior cardinal veins.


secretory coil of eccrine sweat gland

Tightly coiled tubule whose function is the production of sweat. The secretory tubule has three types of cells: clear, dark, and myoepithelial.


distal straight tubule postmacula segment


metanephric distal convoluted tubule

The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO].


male mammary gland duct

A mammary gland duct that is part of a male organism. This structure typically regresses.


accessory lymph sac

An extracoelomic lateral abdominal space that accumulates body fluid.


thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

The distal sub-portion of the ascending loop of Henle which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and enters the renal cortex to empty a hypotonic filtrate into the distal convoluted tubule.


metanephric distal tubule

The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule[GO].


primitive metanephric nephron

A primitive nephron that is part of a metanephros.


Rathkes pouch epithelium

An epithelial sac that is part of a Rathke's pouch.


ureteric bud tip

The terminal end of the ureteric tree; the ureteric tip cells are proliferating immature cells located at the branching points that induce the adjacent cap mesenchyme to undergo nephrogenesis.


Malpighian tubule

A tubule that extends from the posterior part of the digestive tract which absorbs solutes, water, and wastes from the surrounding hemolymph. Each tubule consists of a single layer of cells that is closed off at the distal end with the proximal end joining the alimentary canal at the junction between the midgut and hindgut[WP,modified].


metanephric connecting tubule

The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO].


mammary gland cord

The solid cord of epithelial cells that emerges from the mammary bud and grows down from the primary mammary mesenchyme and into a second stromal compartment, the fat pad precursor, beneath the dermis.


epithelial tube open at both ends

An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow.


neural tube

In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted].


metanephric ascending thin limb

The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO].


tubotympanic recess epithelium

The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity.


pancreatic epithelial bud

The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID].


retroperitoneal embryonic lymph sac

An embryonic lymph sac that forms in the root of the mesentery on the posterior abdominal wall.


ear vesicle

An epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP].


infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle

A funnel-shaped diverticulum that extends downward from the anterior aspect of the floor of the third ventricle into the infundibulum of the hypophysis; the embryonic structure gives rise the neural component of the pituitary (pas nervosa).


loop of Henle ascending limb thin segment

A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water.


future common hepatic duct

An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct.


paradidymis

A small collection of convoluted tubules, situated in front of the lower part of the cord above the head of the epididymis. These tubes are lined with columnar ciliated epithelium, and probably represent the remains of a part of the Wolffian body but are functionless and vestigial. The Wolffian body operates as a kidney (metanephros) in fishes and amphibians, but the corresponding tissue is co-opted to form parts of the male reproductive system in other classes of vertebrate. The paradidymis represents a remnant of an unused, atrophied part of the Wolffian body[WP,modified].


epithelial plexus

A complex of interlinking epithelial tubules.


mesonephric early distal tubule

The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons.


ureter ureteric bud

The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO].


capillary bed

A localized group of blood capillaries.


hepatic diverticulum

An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.


renal straight tubule

Any region of a nephron tubule that is straight. Examples: distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tuble.


capillary loop nephron

Developing nephron where the developing glomerular capsule has been invaded by a glomerular capillary loop called the glomerular tuft.


pronephric nephron tubule

The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO].


outer medulla inner stripe loop of Henle

A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla inner stripe.


respiratory system arterial endothelium

An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


epithelium of duct of salivary gland

An epithelium that is part of a duct of salivary gland.


mesonephric proximal tubule

The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


intermediate tubule

The intermediate tubule is a nephron tubule that lies between the proximal and distal tubules.


pronephric duct

In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP].


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule

The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO].


perineural vascular plexus

The capillary bed that initially surrounds the relative avascular brain and spinal cord; the perineural vascular plexus (PNVP) is the precursor to the blood brain barrier formed by angioblasts which migrate away from somites and is recruited to surround the neural tube in response to VEGF; vascularization of the brain and spinal cord occurs via angiogenesis as sprouting vessels from the PNVP invade the neuroepithelium and grow inward toward the ventricular lumen[MP].


epididymis epithelium

The layer of secretory cells which lines the epididymis.


metanephric thick ascending limb

At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule[GO].


mesonephric duct

Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA].


primitive nephron

An epithelial tube that is fated to become a nephron.


placental artery endothelium

An endothelium that is part of the placental artery.


inner renal medulla loop of Henle

A loop of Henle that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


ureteric bud

An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP].


umbilical artery endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a umbilical artery.


epithelium of female urethra

An epithelium that is part of a female urethra.


premacula segment of distal straight tubule

Missing definition for term UBERON:0006376. Please replace it using linked reference.


pronephric proximal straight tubule

A proximal straight tubule that is part of a pronephros.


metanephric tubule

A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO].


metanephric proximal tubule

The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO].


Cdc48p-Npl4p-Vms1p AAA ATPase complex

A multiprotein ATPase complex involved in the release of polyubiquitinated proteins, including those damaged by oxidative stress, from the outer mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm where they are presented to the proteasome for proteolysis, a process also referred to as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Vms1p.


A 4-hydroxy-D-proline in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has S-configuration.


mRNA cleavage stimulating factor complex

A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition.


Stage II Lip Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Lower Gingival Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the lower gingiva.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity recurrent

Reemergence of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity after a period of remission.


Buccal Mucosa Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the buccal mucosa.


Oral Cavity Carcinoma Cuniculatum

A variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity. It is characterized by the presence of minimal cytological atypia, multiple keratin-filled crypts, and intraepithelial neutrophils.


Upper Gingival Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the upper gingiva.


Positive Laboratory Test Result

A laboratory test result that indicates that a specific disease, condition, or attribute being assessed is present.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Positive

Indicates that human immunodeficiency virus 1 has been detected in a sample.


Disseminated Tumor Cells Positive

An indication that single tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells have been detected in a tissue sample.


Monoclonal Band

Monoclonal immunoglobulin or monoclonal light chain that is present in the serum and/or urine. It is the result of a clonal B-cell or plasma cell proliferation.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a sample.


Sad1-Kms1 LINC complex

A LINC complex implicated in the connection of DNA double strand breaks to the cytoskeleton during DNA double-strand break repair.


interleukin-15 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-15 (IL-15) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha, beta and gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain is unique to binds IL-15 while it shares the beta chain with the IL-2 receptor and the cytokine receptor common gamma chain with multiple interleukin receptors.


Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant

Hairy cell leukemia variant that is resistant to treatment.


HHV-8-Associated Multicentric Castleman Disease

Multicentric Castleman disease associated with HHV8 infection.


intralobular bile duct

The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule.


intrahepatic bile duct

Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.


Sellar Chondroid Chordoma

A chondroid chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


Conventional Chordoma

A malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the fetal notochord. It is characterized by the presence of large epithelioid cells with clear to light eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some of the cells are large with bubbly, vacuolated cytoplasm (physaliphorous cells). The cells form cords and nests that are embedded within an extracellular myxoid matrix.


alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase complex

A catalytic protein complex that is capable of alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity.


medial palpebral artery

The medial palpebral arteries (internal palpebral arteries) are arteries of the head. They are two in number, superior and inferior, arise from the ophthalmic, opposite the pulley of the Obliquus superior.


palpebral artery

An artery that supplies blood to an eyelid.


lateral palpebral artery

The lateral palpebral arteries are small arteries which supply the eyelid.


temporal branch of lateral pretrosal artery

Part of lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the eyelids.


An adenocarcinoma that arises from the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by the absence of features that resemble intestinal adenocarcinoma.


Recurrent Malignant Mastocytosis

The reemergence of malignant mastocytosis after a period of remission.


Recurrent Mast Cell Leukemia

The reemergence of mast cell leukemia after a period of remission.


Psychogenic Musculoskeletal Chest Pain with Dysfunctional Breathing

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain associated with inappropriate hyperpnea or tachypnea. (ACC/AHA)


Psychogenic Musculoskeletal Chest Pain

A condition in which there is the sensation of musculoskeletal chest pain due to a conversion disorder. (ACC/AHA)


Sellar Gangliocytoma

A tumor that arises in the sellar region and is characterized by the presence of mature ganglion cells and neuronal differentiation. It is often associated with the presence of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors/adenomas.


Double-Negative Prostate Carcinoma

A metastatic, castration-resistant prostate carcinoma that is composed of fibroblast growth factor-driven malignant cells.


Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma Refractory to Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Axis-Targeted Agents

Castration-resistant prostate carcinoma which is refractory to second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted agents, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide.


Intermediate Atypical Prostate Carcinoma

An aggressive, castration-resistant, histologically distinct, metastatic carcinoma arising from the prostate gland. It is characterized by the presence of a pure population of cytologically bland malignant epithelial cells with moderate to abundant cytoplasm and rare mitotic figures. The prognosis is poor.


Aggressive Variant Prostate Carcinoma

A lethal form of advanced castration-resistant prostate carcinoma that emerges in the later stages of castration-resistant treatment. It is an adaptive response to androgen receptor pathway inhibition. The morphologic features vary, ranging from poorly differentiated carcinomas to mixed adenocarcinoma-small cell carcinomas to pure small cell carcinomas expressing neuroendocrine markers. Clinically, it manifests with rapidly progressive disease, visceral or lytic bone metastases and bulky tumor masses. Molecular studies have shown the loss of tumor suppressor genes TP53 and RB1.


Advanced Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

An advanced Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis.


allylamine antifungal drug

An organonitrogen compound that contains an amino group that is attached to a carbon which is itself attached to an olefinic carbon and which has been used as an antifungal drug.


Situs inversus thoracis

A congenital condition in which there is complete right-to-left reversal of the position of the thoracic organs.


Urethritis Glandularis

A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the urethra.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the urethral wall.  The cysts are lined by metaplastic glandular cells.


Dialysis Catheter Tunnel Infection

Local infection involving the subcutaneously tunneled portion of a dialysis catheter.


Lugano Classification Stage IV Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the CSF, bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lugano Classification Stage IV Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8


hippocampal mossy fiber expansion

Synaptic expansion of hippocampal mossy fiber axon that makes contact with the thorny excrescences of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IVB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


posterior communicating artery

One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery.


communicating artery

An artery that connects two larger arteries.


anterior communicating artery

A blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis.


Astrocytoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A central nervous system tumor with morphological features of astrocytoma in which there is insufficient information on the IDH genes status.


Ciliary Body Benign Teratoid Medulloepithelioma

A rare, unilateral, benign embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium and contains heterologous elements, particularly cartilage, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue.


Recurrent Extragonadal Seminoma

The reemergence of extragonadal seminoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor

The reemergence of malignant extragonadal germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Extragonadal Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

The reemergence of a malignant extragonadal nongerminomatous germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Invasive cervical carcinoma that can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with maximum depth of invasion less than 5 mm. (FIGO 2018)


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with measured stromal invasion equal or more than 3 mm and less than 5 mm in depth. (FIGO 2018)


Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with measured stromal invasion less than 3 mm in depth. (FIGO 2018)


prescapular lymph node

A lymph node located in front of the shoulder.


quinoxaline

A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.


Stage I Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring less than 2 cm. N0: No regional lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Infiltrating Intramuscular Lipoma

An infiltrating lipoma that affects skeletal muscle.  It has a higher rate of local recurrence.


Refractory Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma

Endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Campylobacter jejuni infection

An infection that is caused by Campylobacter jejuni.


Small Intestinal Infection

An infectious process affecting the small intestine.


Duodenal Infection

An infectious process affecting the duodenum.


left cardiac atrium

A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve.


Stage IVB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cervical Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma in which more than 50% of malignant cells contain intracytoplasmic mucin. There is no evidence of gastric, intestinal, or signet ring cell differentiation.


Localized PRETEX IV Hepatoblastoma

PRETEX IV hepatoblastoma confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


glycerolipid

Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached.


A 3-sn-glycerophosphoserine compound having acyl substituents at the 1- and 2-hydroxy positions.


triradylglycerol

A glycerol compound having one of three possible substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at each of the three possible positions sn-1, sn-2 or sn-3. has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754), children: triglyceride (CHEBI:17855). Parent: is_a glycerolipid (CHEBI:35741)


glyceride

Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


phosphatidyl-L-serine

A class of aminophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of serine.


glycerophospholipid

Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone.


triglyceride

Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


Hepatitis Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


Stage IIIA Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of liver

A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm that arises from the liver.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.  Patients may be asymptomatic or present with an abdominal mass, ascites, and jaundice.


Stage I Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0). T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 5 cm without vascular invasion.  T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 5 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A fibrolamellar carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Hepatoblastoma with Pure Fetal Epithelial Differentiation

A hepatoblastoma composed of small cells resembling the fetal hepatocytes, forming thin trabeculae.


Recurrent Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Hepatoblastoma recurrent

The reemergence of hepatoblastoma after a period of remission.


Stage IV Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


BCLC Stage 0 Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Very early hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients are optimal candidates for resection. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


BCLC Stage D Hepatocellular Carcinoma

End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Localized PRETEX III Hepatoblastoma

PRETEX III hepatoblastoma confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Adult Liver Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Stage IV Liver Cancer

Stage IV carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Metastatic Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A fibrolamellar carcinoma that has spread from the liver to another anatomic site.


Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


PRETEXT IV Hepatoblastoma

An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves all 4 quadrants; there is no quadrant free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Non-Resectable Malignant Liver Neoplasm

A malignant liver neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Adult Pleomorphic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A pleomorphic hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2

A term that refers to the staging of childhood hepatoblastoma according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2. It includes localized tumors, metastatic tumors, and the PRETEXT system. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7


BCLC Stage C Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage IV includes (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor of the Liver

A rare, aggressive primary malignant tumor of the liver that occurs in childhood.  It is characterized by the presence of a diffuse infiltrate of undifferentiated cells with rhabdoid features.


Adult Liver Embryonal Sarcoma

An embryonal sarcoma of the liver that occurs during adulthood.


Stage II Liver Cancer

Stage II carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Postsurgical Stage III Hepatoblastoma

No distant metastases, tumor unresectable or resected with gross residual tumor, or positive lymph nodes. (from PDQ 2004)


PRETEXT III Hepatoblastoma

An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves 3 adjoining quadrants or 2 nonadjoining quadrants; 1 quadrant or 2 nonadjoining quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Refractory Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Uveal Melanoma Metastatic in the Liver

A melanoma that originates from melanocytes of the uveal tract and has spread to the liver.


Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor larger than 2 cm with vascular invasion, or multiple tumors, none larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Liver Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Stage IV Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Liver Cancer

Stage III carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Epithelial Hepatoblastoma with Pleomorphic Pattern

Epithelial hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of fetal or embryonal cells showing nuclear pleomorphism. Malignant giant cells may be present.


Stage IIIC Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colon Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the colonic wall and has spread to the liver.


Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. T4: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein, or tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-Teratoid Hepatoblastoma

A mixed epithelial and mesenchymal hepatoblastoma characterized by the absence of heterologous elements, muscle, cartilage or osteoid.


Stage IIIA Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Liver Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the liver and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Moderately Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm forming trabecular and pseudoglandular patterns.  It is usually associated with tumors that are larger than 3 cm in diameter.


Hepatocellular carcinoma, spindle cell variant

A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells or atypical giant cells.


carcinosarcoma of liver

An aggressive carcinoma with a sarcomatous component that arises from the liver.  The sarcomatous component is clonally related to the more differentiated, carcinomatous component.  The prognosis is usually poor.


Hepatic cancer stage IVA

Stage IVA carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th and 8th editions.


Stage II Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with intrahepatic vascular invasion, or multiple tumors, with or without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hepatocellular Malignant Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified

A rare childhood malignant liver neoplasm with overlapping features of hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.


Stage I Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Locally Advanced Liver Carcinoma

Liver carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Teratoid Hepatoblastoma

A mixed epithelial and mesenchymal hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of heterologous elements. The latter include neuroectoderm, endoderm, or melanin-holding cells. Muscle, cartilage and osteoid may or may not be present.


BCLC Stage B Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may benefit from chemoembolization. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Kaposi's sarcoma of liver

A Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the liver.


Stage IA Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 5 cm without vascular invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of diffuse neutrophil infiltrates within the tumor.


Stage IIIB Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of childhood hepatoblastoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Stage 0 Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ (intraductal tumor). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

Liver and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Liver Embryonal Sarcoma

An embryonal sarcoma of the liver that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during childhood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Malignant Liver Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

A primary or metastatic malignant non-epithelial neoplasm that affects the liver.


BCLC Stage B Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to hepatocellular carcinomas and fibrolamellar carcinomas (fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma). Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas, and sarcomas of the liver are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


A hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis B virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis C virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


BCLC Stage 0 Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Very early hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients are optimal candidates for resection. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Localized Non-Resectable Adult Liver Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Childhood Liver Cancer

A malignant neoplasm of the liver that occurs during childhood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Liver Yolk Sac Tumor

A yolk sac tumor that arises from the liver.


Stage I Liver Carcinoma

Stage I carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

An adenocarcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postsurgical Stage IV Hepatoblastoma

Distant metastases, regardless of the extent of liver involvement. (from PDQ 2004)


Localized Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier1

Tumor confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Small Cell Undifferentiated Hepatoblastoma

A hepatoblastoma composed exclusively of noncohesive sheets of small undifferentiated cells. Cases showing loss of INI1 nuclear staining should be classified as rhabdoid tumors.


Metastatic Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier 2

Distant metastases present. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Postsurgical Stage I Hepatoblastoma

No metastases, tumor completely resected. (from PDQ 2004)


Well Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with mild atypia and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio forming thin trabecular patterns.  It is usually associated with small tumors and an early stage.


Stage IB Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 5 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Liver Carcinoma

The reemergence of liver carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IVA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


BCLC Stage A Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Metastatic Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 1

A term that refers to the staging of childhood hepatoblastoma according to the tier 1 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Stage II Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors, with or without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage III Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hepatoblastoma by PRETEXT Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatoblastoma, following the rules of the PRETEXT (pre-treatment extent of tumor) system.


Localized PRETEX I Hepatoblastoma

PRETEX I hepatoblastoma confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Hepatoblastoma resectable

Hepatoblastoma amenable to surgical removal.


Stage IVB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein, or tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Localized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Adult Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Poorly Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant pleomorphic cells forming solid patterns.


Recurrent Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

The reemergence of fibrolamellar carcinoma after a period of remission.


undifferentiated carcinoma of liver

A rare carcinoma that arises from the liver.  The diagnosis is made by immunohistochemical studies.  Morphologic studies alone cannot establish the diagnosis of carcinoma or further subclassify the malignant tumor.


A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following alcohol-induced injury of the liver parenchyma.


Stage IVB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Stage I Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma measuring equal to or less than 2 cm in diameter. It includes early hepatocellular carcinoma and small progressed hepatocellular carcinoma.


Hepatoblastoma by Postsurgical Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatoblastoma according to post-operative findings.


Pleomorphic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma, characterized by the presence of malignant cells which show marked variation in their size and shape. Bizarre mononuclear or multinucleated giant cells are often present.


Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein. T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum or involving the local extra hepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of liver

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


PRETEXT I Hepatoblastoma

An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves only 1 quadrant; 3 adjoining liver quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Childhood Liver Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that arises from the liver during childhood. Most cases arise within preexisting liver infantile hemangiomas.


Epithelial Hepatoblastoma

A subtype of hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of an epithelial component and absence of mesenchymal elements. It includes hepatoblastoma with pure fetal epithelial differentiation, hepatoblastoma with combined fetal and embryonal epithelial differentiation, macrotrabecular hepatoblastoma, and small cell undifferentiated hepatoblastoma (small cell undifferentiated hepatoblastoma with loss of INI1 nuclear staining should be classified as rhabdoid tumor).


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by BCLC Stage

A staging classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma that uses variables related to tumor stage, liver functional status, physical status, and cancer-related symptoms, and links the stages with a treatment algorithm. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Metastatic Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier 1

Distant metastases present. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Hepatoblastoma non-resectable

Hepatoblastoma not amenable to surgical removal.


Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of intrahepatic bile duct cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas (mixed hepatocholangiocarcinomas), and primary neuroendocrine tumors of the liver. Primary sarcomas of the liver, pure hepatocellular carcinomas, hilar cholangiocarcinomas, and gallbladder carcinomas are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)