serotonin uptake

The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.


Serum transaminase increased

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mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.


liver angiosarcoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the liver.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the very-low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.


dTDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate).


protein-arginine omega-N symmetric methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that is not already methylated, resulting in symmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyled arginine residues.


thiamine diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


Morbid thoughts

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


cell pole

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell.


negative regulation of synapse maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse maturation.


Osseous metaplasia

Heterotopic formation of normal bone within soft tissue.


Kaposi's sarcoma

A malignant neoplasm characterized by a vascular proliferation which usually contains blunt endothelial cells. Erythrocyte extravasation and hemosiderin deposition are frequently present. The most frequent site of involvement is the skin; however it may also occur internally. It generally develops in people with compromised immune systems including those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).


panniculitis

Inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue.


mitochondrial membrane fission

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous mitochondrial membrane into two membranes and contributes to mitochondrial fission.


primary myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia is a myeloproliferative disease with annual incidence of approximately 1 case per 100,000 individuals and age at diagnosis around 60 (an increased prevalence is noted in Ashkenazi Jews). Clinical manifestations depend on the type of blood cell affected and may include anemia, pallor, splenomegaly, hypermetabolic state, petechiae, ecchymosis, bleeding, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, portal hypertension.


negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.


conditioned taste aversion

A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.


ornithine transport

The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Antitussive therapy

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laryngeal neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the larynx.


ribonuclease MRP activity

Catalysis of the site-specific cleavage of RNA by a catalytic RNA-mediated mechanism; substrates include the A3 site in the ITS1 of pre-rRNA.


agoraphobia

An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense, irrational fear of venturing out into open places or situations in which help (or escape) might not be available should excessive anxiety or panic symptoms develop.


primitive neuroectodermal tumor

A malignant neoplasm that originates in the neuroectoderm. The neuroectoderm constitutes the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems and includes some glial cell precursors.


skeletal muscle satellite cell activation

The change of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from a mitotically quiescent to a mitotically active state following exposure to some activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


disorder of lacrimal gland

A disease that involves the lacrimal gland.


seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. The seryl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a serine-accetping tRNA.


beta-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gs alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

This syndrome is characterized by the association of ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis with hyperkeratosis of the soles and palms.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


negative regulation of lipoprotein oxidation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation.


pancreas disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pancreas. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include cystadenomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, and neuroendocrine neoplasms.


regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with thyroid-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


Purkinje myocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.


hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.


NADP+ nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + H2O = ADP-D-ribose-2-phosphate + nicotinamide.


Rab geranylgeranyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = 2 S-geranylgeranyl-protein + 2 diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of two thioether linkages between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl groups and two cysteine residues within the terminal sequence motifs XXCC, XCXC or CCXX. Known substrates include Ras-related GTPases of a single family and the Rab family.


DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme changes the linking number in multiples of 2.


carotid artery occlusion

A occlusion precerebral artery that involves the carotid artery segment.


negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.


diffuse alopecia areata

An alopecia areata that involves diffuse loss of hair over the whole scalp.


phosphomannomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = D-mannose 6-phosphate.


regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


catechol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol.


N-terminal protein amino acid methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein.


positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.


axillary vein

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Vein that drains the axilla.


Cloudy urine

The appearance of the urine having visible material in suspension, i.e., appearing cloudy.


Shu complex

A protein complex involved in error-free DNA post-replication repair (PRR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Csm2p, Psy3p, Shu1p, and Shu2p.


regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.


2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate; this reaction mechanism uses 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as a phosphate donor.


intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and NAD+ or NADP+ acts as an electron acceptor.


recycling endosome to Golgi transport

The directed movement of substances from recycling endosomes to the Golgi.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylcholine.


autoimmune hemolytic anemia, warm type

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia is the most common form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia defined by the presence of warm autoantibodies against red blood cells (autoantibodies that are active at temperatures between 37-40B0C).


Normal Liver Function Test

A laboratory test result indicating the results of a liver function test are within normal parameters for the age and population.


lactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.


[pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)]-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-seryl-[pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit] + H2O = L-seryl-[pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit] + phosphate.


sequestering of calcium ion

The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + ATP = sphingosine 1-phosphate + ADP.


programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species

Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes and occurring as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.


succinate transmembrane transport

The process in which succinate is transported across a membrane.


co-translational protein modification

The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.


benign neoplasm of oral cavity

A benign neoplasm that involves the oral cavity.


negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


cervical polyp

A polyp that arises from the surface of the cervix.


3'-flap endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a 3' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 3' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.


regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


regulation of memory T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.


negative regulation of osteoclast development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


Vascular stenosis

Narrowing of the lumen of an artery or vein.


regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + cholesterol + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O.


regulation of B cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


stapedius muscle

The muscle that stabilizes the stapes bone. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. [WP,unvetted].


protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking

The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the peroxisomal membrane.


azurophil granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.


Inflammation of the stomach that is associated with Helicobacter Pylori.


myo-inositol transport

The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


mononeuropathy

Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ischemia; traumatic injury; compression; connective tissue diseases; cumulative trauma disorders; and other conditions.


ISG15 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 are covalent linkages.


leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. The leucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a leucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


endoplasmic reticulum Sec complex

An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex.


regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


protein K33-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K33-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


diadenosine tetraphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.


positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


transferrin receptor activity

Combining selectively with transferrin, and delivering transferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Transferrin is a major iron carrier protein in vertebrates.


midbrain morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized.


regulation of mismatch repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.


UTP binding

Binding to UTP, uridine 5'-triphosphate.


cellular response to heparin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.


enophthalmos

Abnormal recession of the eyeball within the eye socket.


sRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing

A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of small regulatory non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). sRNAs are 20-500 nucleotides in length and found in bacteria.


glycosylceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


haptoglobin binding

Binding to a haptoglobin, any alpha2 globulin of blood plasma that can combine with free oxyhemoglobin to form a stable complex.


FATZ binding

Binding to a member of the FATZ family of proteins, filamin-, actinin-, and telethonin-binding proteins of the Z-disc of striated muscle. FATZ proteins are located in the Z-disc of the sarcomere and are involved in a complex network of interactions with other Z-band components.


peptidyl-cysteine oxidation

The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid.


Vestibular areflexia

Vestibular areflexia can be measured as the absence of the caloric nystagmus response in electronystagmography.


disaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.


interleukin-23 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-23 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits.


ethinamate

A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.


purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.


regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


Perseverative thought

Manifestations of perseverative thoughts are behaviors that do not meet the demands of the situation, are not the product of deliberation, and may unfold despite counter intention.


Post-partum hemorrhage

Significant maternal haemorrhage/blood loss following deilvery of a child.


positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


PET complex

A protein complex that is composed of at least EXD1, TDRD12 and some PIWI protein. The complex is required for MILI slicing-triggered biogenesis and loading of MIWI2 piRNAs.


interleukin-23 binding

Binding to interleukin-23.


regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.


retromer, cargo-selective complex

The trimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be closely associated with the membrane. This trimeric complex is responsible for recognizing and binding to cargo molecules. The complex comprises three Vps proteins in both yeast and mammalian cells: Vps35p, Vps29p, and Vps26p in yeast, and VPS35, VPS29 and VPS26A or VPS26B in mammals.


immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

The synthesis and release of immunoglobulin in the mucosal tissue.


RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = NDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.


regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.


regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


type I activin receptor binding

Binding to a type I activin receptor.


hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1

An autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by very high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol in the blood. It is usually caused by mutations in the LDLR gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome 19.


6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


accessory XI nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A cranial nerve that originates from neurons in the medulla and in the cervical spinal cord.


regulation of Rab protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction.


formaldehyde catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.


Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rho, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


Pulmonary nodule

Focal rounded or ovoid opacity, not more than 3 cm in diameter. Pulmonary nodules are typically observed by chest radiography or computer tomography imaging.


D3 vitamins binding

Binding to D3 vitamins.


Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

A bilateral, chronic, diffuse granulomatous panuveitis typically characterized by serous retinal detachment and frequently associated with neurological (meningitis), auditory, and dermatological alterations.


neutrophil differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + lipoamide = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.


pityriasis versicolor

A yeast infection usually manifested as a superficial skin infection. It may also present as a systemic infection in patients who are receiving total parenteral nutrition.


renal inner medulla development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal inner medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal inner medulla is unique to mammalian kidneys and is the innermost region of the mammalian kidney.


latex allergy

Allergic reaction to products containing processed natural rubber latex such as rubber gloves, condoms, catheters, dental dams, balloons, and sporting equipment. Both T-cell mediated (hypersensitivity, delayed) and IgE antibody-mediated (hypersensitivity, immediate) allergic responses are possible. Delayed hypersensitivity results from exposure to antioxidants present in the rubber; immediate hypersensitivity results from exposure to a latex protein.


C-X-C chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a C-X-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X-C chemokine has a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif.


SUMO activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the proteolytically processed small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.


apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that is involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis.


positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.


response to angiotensin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.


Burkitt lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma is a rare form of malignant mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit binding

Binding to the catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The catalytic subunit catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.


negative regulation of translational elongation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.


early endosome to recycling endosome transport

The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the recycling endosomes.


activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade

Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.


Epidermal growth factor receptor decreased


cell-cell signaling involved in metanephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


paraxial mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a paraxial mesoderm cell.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


cardiolipin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) + glycerol.


popliteal artery

The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.


regulation of muscle hyperplasia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


putrescine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host programmed cell death

A process in which a symbiont gene product inhibits host programmed cell death, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


primitive hemopoiesis

A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells.


skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during muscle regeneration. There are at least three mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. Some adult skeletal muscle myoblasts (descendants of activated satellite cells) can develop back into quiescent satellite cells, replenishing the overall pool of satellite cells.


interleukin-23 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.


B cell selection

The process dependent upon B cell antigen receptor signaling in response to self or foreign antigen through which B cells are selected for survival.


regulation of miRNA processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.


positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


complete trisomy 18

Trisomy 18 in which the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 18 is present in all the cells of the organism.


negative regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.


Digitalis toxicity

Acute CNS, visual, GI, and cardiac disturbances caused by an overdose of, or intolerance to, the cardiac glycoside, digitalis.


omegasome

Omega-shaped (as in the Greek capital letter) intracellular membrane-bounded organelle enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and dynamically connected to the endoplasmic reticulum. Omegasomes are the first step of the formation of autophagosomes via the phagophore assembly sites.


resolution of mitotic recombination intermediates

The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, mitotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.


minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma

A solitary adenocarcinoma arising from the lung measuring 3 cm or less. It is characterized by a predominantly lepidic pattern and 5 mm or less invasion in greatest dimension. It is usually a non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, but rarely may be mucinous.


cytidylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)CMP = ADP + (d)CDP.


cadmium ion transport

The directed movement of cadmium (Cd) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


vertebral column disorder

A disease involving the vertebral column.


gastric dilatation

Abnormal distention of the stomach due to accumulation of gastric contents that may reach 10 to 15 liters. Gastric dilatation may be the result of gastric outlet obstruction; ileus; gastroparesis; or denervation.


prostaglandin D receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


Carotid sinus syncope

An exaggerated response to carotid sinus baroreceptor stimulation resulting in syncope from transient diminished cerebral perfusion.


oxidative RNA demethylation

The removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule involving oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.


cardiac cell fate determination

The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle

A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing acetylcholine.


positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration resulting from the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


negative regulation of glucagon secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.


Prolonged QRS complex

Increased time for the complex comprised of the Q wave, R wave, and S wave as measured by the electrocardiogram (EKG).. In adults, normal values are 0.06 - 0.10 sec.


mast cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a mast cell.


new growing cell tip

A cell tip that was newly formed at the last cell division, and that has started to grow after the cell has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). New end take-off is when monopolar cells initiate bipolar growth.


histamine secretion by mast cell

The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


Abnormal nasal septum morphology

An abnormality of the nasal septum.


negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.


pulmonary valve insufficiency

Dysfunction of the pulmonary valve characterized by incomplete valve closure.


chylomicron remnant clearance

The process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


negative regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of the MDA-5 signaling pathway.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar acceptor molecule.


periodontal disorder

An inflammatory process of the gingival tissues and/or periodontal membrane of the teeth, resulting in an abnormally deep gingival sulcus, possibly producing periodontal pockets and loss of alveolar bone support.


NAD+ kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NAD+ = ADP + 2 H+ + NADP+.


Graft Rejection

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


thioester transport

The directed movement of a thioester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


urinary tract obstruction

Blockage of the normal flow of contents of the urinary tract.


parathyroid hormone receptor activity

Combining with parathyroid hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


Noc4p-Nop14p complex

A heterodimer associated with precursors of the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit, including the 90S preribosome; involved in small subunit biogenesis.


rectal prolapse

Protrusion of the rectum through the anus.


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.


Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) more than 3 wood units, as defined by the current definition of pulmonary hypertension. 95% of individuals have a PVR of less than 2.4 wood units.


protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytosolic proteasome complex.


germ-line stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.


tocopherol omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .


interleukin-1, type I, activating receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity via signaling pathways and mediated by adaptor proteins.


embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


purine nucleobase catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


bacterial conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of bacterial agents.


regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.


intracellular canaliculus

An apical plasma membrane part that forms a narrow enfolded luminal membrane channel, lined with numerous microvilli, that appears to extend into the cytoplasm of the cell. A specialized network of intracellular canaliculi is a characteristic feature of parietal cells of the gastric mucosa in vertebrates.


cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the execution phase of apoptosis.


Gilbert syndrome

An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, resulting in harmless intermittent jaundice.


ether biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether.


eosinophil fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a eosinophil cell. A eosinophil is any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin.


follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by follicle-stimulating hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


sequestering of BMP in extracellular matrix

Confining a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to the extracellular matrix (ECM), such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted as homodimers, non-covalently associated with N-terminal pro-peptides, and are targeted to the extracellular matrix through interaction with matrix proteins.


follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding

Binding to a follicle-stimulating hormone receptor.


squamous cell lung carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from squamous bronchial epithelial cells. It may be keratinizing or non-keratinizing. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by the presence of keratinization, pearl formation, and/or intercellular bridges. Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by the absence of keratinization, pearl formation, and intercellular bridges. Cigarette smoking and arsenic exposure are strongly associated with squamous cell lung carcinoma.


regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


luteinizing hormone signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to ammonia (NH3) or an amide via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


protein retention in Golgi apparatus

The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.


bradykinin receptor activity

Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of cholesterol import

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.


RNA polymerase I general transcription initiation factor binding

Binding to an RNA polymerase I transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.


chiasma

A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over.


common bile duct development

The progression of the common bile duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The common bile duct is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct running from the liver, and the cystic duct running from the gallbladder. The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.


indanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indan-1-ol + NAD(P)+ = indanone + NAD(P)H + H+.


Coagulative necrosis

Ischemic tissue necrosis characterized by the preservation of the architectural pattern and a necrotic ghost appearance of the cells.


Premature birth

The birth of a baby of less than 37 weeks of gestational age.


positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


yellow nail syndrome

A very rare syndromic disorder characterized by the variable triad of characteristic yellow nails, chronic respiratory manifestations, and primary lymphedema.


rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.


interleukin-3 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-3 receptor.


papillary conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis that is characterized by the formation of papillae on the palpebral conjunctiva.


cuticular plate

A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.


regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


dopachrome isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate.


superior olivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


syndromic agammaglobulinemia

A agammaglobulinemia that is part of a larger syndrome.


negative regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


piperazine

An azacycloalkane that consists of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions.


positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


Pancreatic pseudocyst

Cyst-like space not lined by epithelium and contained within the pancreas. Pancreatic pseudocysts are often associated with pancreatitis.


Thickened skin

Laminar thickening of skin.


prenylated protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.


Cellulitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus


regulation of nodal signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.


glomerular filtration

The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.


Decreased mean platelet volume

Average platelet volume below the lower limit of the normal reference interval.


deUFMylase activity

A thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves UFM1 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


regulation of progesterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.


The microtubule-based process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.


positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


hepatic granuloma

A granuloma located in the liver.


phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.


tapasin binding

Binding to tapasin, a member of the MHC class I loading complex which bridges the TAP peptide transporter to class I molecules.


mycobacterial infectious disease

Infection due to organisms from the genus Mycobacteria.


chromaffin granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


type II interferon receptor binding

Binding to a type II interferon receptor. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


regulation of ferrous iron binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.


alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.


ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


Delayed Orgasm

Sexual dysfunction characterized by a delay in climax.


farnesol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


adenosine receptor binding

Binding to an adenosine receptor.


Increased muscle fatiguability

An abnormal, increased fatiguability of the musculature.


IRE1-RACK1-PP2A complex

A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), RACK1 (Receptor of activated protein kinase C 1, GNB2L1) and PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A). RACK1 acts as an adaptor to bridge an interaction between IRE1 and PP2A.


phytol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.


herpes simplex encephalitis

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is caused by the infection of the central nervous system by Herpes simplex virus (HSV) that could have a devastating clinical course and a potentially fatal outcome particularly with delay or lack of treatment. HSV often involves the frontal and temporal lobes, usually asymmetrically, resulting in personality changes, cognitive impairment, aphasia, seizures, and focal weakness.


bioluminescence

The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.


multifocal atrial tachycardia

Multifocal atrial tachycardia is a rare supraventricular arrhythmia in neonates and young infants that is characterized by multiple P waves with varying P wave morphology and is usually asymptomatic.


Acute otitis media

Acute otitis media is a short and generally painful infection of the middle ear.


farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.


BAT3 complex

A protein complex found in mammals that transfers tail-anchored (TA) proteins from SGTA to GET3 (ASNA1/TRC4) for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Also chaperones polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum retrotranslocation machinery to the proteasome, maintaining the solubility of substrates to improve ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Consists of BAG6 (BAT3) and its cofactors GET4 (TRC35) and UBL4A.


positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.


Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex

A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.


IDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


Eyelid Function Disorder

A disorder characterized by impaired eyelid function.


regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


glandular epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


positive regulation of oligopeptide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.


Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia caused by extensive infection of the lungs (lung) and bronchi, particularly the lower lobes of the lungs, by mycoplasma pneumoniae in humans. In sheep, it is caused by mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. In cattle, it may be caused by mycoplasma dispar.


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


prostaglandin F receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin F (PGF (2-alpha)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-27 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


intermediate mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.


negative regulation of steroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


bullous keratopathy

Keratopathy that is characterized by the presence of epithelial bullae.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + glycano-(1->3)-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein = CMP + glycano-[(2->6)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl]-(N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein.


neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

The directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


CSF1-CSF1R complex

A protein complex consisting of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1, also called M-CSF) dimer bound to a dimerized receptor (CSF1R, also called FMS). Receptor dimerization requires the presence of the ligand.


corpus callosum, agenesis of

A congenital abnormality characterized by the complete absence of the corpus callosum. It may be an isolated abnormality or associated with other central nervous system abnormalities or syndromes. Clinical manifestations vary. In cases of isolated corpus callosum agenesis, symptoms may be absent or minimal. In cases that are associated with other central nervous system abnormalities or syndromes, symptoms include developmental delays, motor coordination difficulties, and vision impairment.


super elongation complex

A transcription elongation factor complex that increases the overall rate of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation by suppressing transient polymerase pausing. At minimum, the complex contains a transcription factor of the ELL family, an EAF protein, and an AFF family protein or distant relative and most likely also P-TEFb and AF9 or ENL. The complex is conserved from yeast to humans. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe it contains Ell1, Eaf1, and Ebp1, but it is absent from S. cerevisiae.


negative regulation of protein refolding

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


hyaluronoglucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 1,3-linkages between beta-D-glucuronate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in hyaluronate.


glycine cleavage complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase, also known as L, P, H, and T.


Bacterial Colonization

The detection of bacteria in or on an anatomic site, medical device or biospecimen.


adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Adult pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare histiocytic lung disease characterized by the accumulation of Langerhans and other inflammatory cells in the small airways, resulting in the formation of nodular inflammatory lesions.


L-isoleucine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.


renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 1

The presence of developmental dysplasia of the kidney.


D-ribose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose (ribo-pentose).


anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

An autoimmune disease that affects the lungs and kidneys and is characterized by pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage (bleeding in the lungs) and a kidney disease known as glomerulonephritis. Some use the term 'Goodpasture syndrome' for the findings of glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage and the term 'Goodpasture disease' for those patients with glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and anti-GBM antibodies. Currently, the preferred term for both conditions is “ anti-GBM antibody disease ”. Circulating antibodies are directed against the collagen of the part of the kidney known as the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), resulting in acute or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Antibodies also attack the collagen of the air sacs of the lung (alveoli) resulting in bleeding of the lung (pulmonary hemorrhage). Symptoms may include general body discomfort or pain, bleeding from the nose and/or blood in the urine, respiratory problems, anemia, chest pain, and kidney failure. Anti-GBM disease is thought to result from an environmental insult (smoking, infections, exposure to certain drugs) in a person with genetic susceptibility, such as a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. Diagnosis is confirmed with the presence of anti-GBM antibody in the blood or in the kidney. The treatment of choice is plasmapheresis in conjunction with prednisone and cyclophosphamide.


infectious otitis interna

Inflammation of the anatomical structures of the inner ear secondary to an infectious process. Symptoms include severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and pain. Viral etiology is most common, and recent history of an upper respiratory infection is common. In rare cases an infection of the middle ear can spread to the inner ear, resulting in a bacterial or fungal etiology.


celiac nerve plexus

A complex network of nerves located in the abdomen behind the stomach. The celiac plexus is located near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta. It is behind the stomach and the omental bursa and in front of the crura of the diaphragm, on the level of the first lumbar vertebra, L1. The plexus is formed (in part) by the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves of both sides, and also parts of the right vagus nerve. The celiac plexus proper consists of the celiac ganglia with a network of interconnecting fibers. The aorticorenal ganglia are often considered to be part of the celiac ganglia, and thus, part of the plexus. [WP,unvetted].


Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


female sex determination

The specification of female sex of an individual organism.


high output heart failure

High-output heart failure is a heart condition that occurs when the cardiac output is higher than normal.


symbiont-mediated activation of host apoptosis

A process in which a symbiont gene product activates host apoptosis, leading to an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of aldosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


cholangiocarcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic biliary tree (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) or from the junction, or adjacent to the junction, of the right and left hepatic ducts (hilar cholangiocarcinoma). Grossly, the malignant lesions are solid, nodular, and grayish. Morphologically, the vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas. Signs and symptoms include malaise, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and night sweats. Early detection is difficult and the prognosis is generally poor.


regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane.


sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + CpG (in DNA) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-MeCpG (in DNA).


uterine corpus sarcoma

A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the wall of the uterine corpus (uterine body). The most representative examples are leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma.


regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.


ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.


Cardioactive drug level above therapeutic


Reticulocytopenia

A reduced number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood.


juxtaglomerular apparatus

An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP].


sulfate adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group from an adenosine nucleotide (ATP or ADP) to sulfate, forming adenylylsulfate.


glycolipid transport

The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Abnormal electroretinogram

Any abnormality of the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina as measured by electroretinography.


Organizing pneumonia

Organizing pneumonia manifests as a histologic pattern characterized by loose plugs of connective tissue in the airspaces and distal airways. Interstitial inflammation and fibrosis are minimal or absent. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, or COP, is a distinctive clinical disorder among the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, but the histologic pattern of organizing pneumonia is encountered in many different situations, including pulmonary infection, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and collagen vascular diseases. Airspace consolidation is the cardinal feature of organizing pneumonia on chest radiographs and CT scans. In COP, the distribution is typically subpleural and basal and sometimes bronchocentric. Other manifestations of organizing pneumonia include groundglass opacity, tree-in-bud pattern, and nodular opacities.


negative regulation of adiponectin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tear secretion

The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.


hypoxanthine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


calcium metabolic disease

Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.


type III intermediate filament

A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.


RNA repair

Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA.


bowel dysfunction

Any disease in which the causes of the disease is a perturbation of the lower digestive tract leading to its dysfunction.


MHC class II protein binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


frozen shoulder

A painful inflammatory process leads to a mechanical block in active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is characterized by functional loss of passive and active shoulder motion. This inflammatory process results in fibroblastic proliferation and extensive scar tissue formation. Fibroblastic proliferation, a late phase of the inflammatory process involved in tissue repair, leads to thickening, fibrosis, and adhesion of the capsule to itself and the humerus.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II

A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) via endosomes. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Vps38 and Vps15p.


eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

The addition of a phosphate group on to the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.


regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


heme oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme.


regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


rectal carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.


biliary atresia

A rare, biliary tract disease characterized by progressive obliterative cholangiopathy of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, occuring in the embryonic/ perinatal period, leading to severe and persistent neonatal jaundice and acholic stool.


Early satiety

The condition of being unable to eat a full meal because of a feeling of fullness (satiety), or or feeling very full after eating only a small amount of food.


positive regulation of protein kinase C activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


bile acid receptor activity

Combining with a bile acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. A bile acid is any member of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


negative regulation of eosinophil migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


establishment of centrosome localization

The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.


ST-elevation myocardial infarction

A very serious type of heart attack during which one of the heart’s major arteries (one of the arteries that supplies oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the heart muscle) is blocked. ST-segment elevation is an abnormality detected on the 12-lead ECG.


viral meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord due to a viral infection.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate.


Pulmonary thromboembolism

Pulmonary embolism is caused by emboli, which have originated from venous thrombi, travelling to and occluding the arteries of the lung.


cellular response to leucine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


hyaluranon cable

A cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.


acetylcholine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


Golgi calcium ion transport

The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus.


chorioretinitis

Inflammation of the distal posterior uveal tract (choroid) and its structural and vascular attachments to the retina. It is usually caused by infection and though rare, it is clinically significant due to its most serious sequela: loss of vision.


regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


optic disc

The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called 'the blind spot' or the 'physiological blind spot'. The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neurons from the eye towards the brain. [WP,unvetted].


cellular response to interleukin-18

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


Anophthalmia

Absence of the globe or eyeball.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.


hedgehog family protein binding

Binding to a member of the hedgehog protein family, signaling proteins involved in development.


checkpoint clamp complex

Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.


chitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins.


regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.


pronephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephros are generated and organized. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


reticuloendotheliosis, X-linked

A greater than normal number of blood cells in the reticuloendothelial system.


renal outer medulla development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.


regulation of renal output by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.


Pressure of speech

Abnormal increased rate and amount of speech, delivered with urgency.


branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.


Acute pulmonary edema

Rapid or severe onset or rapid progression of pulmonary edema causing significant hypoxemia or the need for supplemental oxygen.


A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.


Disorder of vocal cord

A disorder affecting the vocal cords. Representative examples include vocal cord nodules, polyps, leukoplakia, dysplasia, and paralysis.


tripeptidyl-peptidase activity

Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide.


Bone lesion

A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of bone.


heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + heparan sulfate = UDP + (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-heparan sulfate.


mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


D3 dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a D3 dopamine receptor.


mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


Helicobacter pylori infectious disease

Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.


female courtship behavior

The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.


positive regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


Early menarche

Occurrence of the first menstrual period in a female before the usual or expected age.


regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.


Free thyroxine concentration decreased below normal


carotid artery thrombosis

Blood clot formation in any part of the carotid arteries. This may produce carotid stenosis or occlusion of the vessel, leading to transient ischemic attack; cerebral infarction; or amaurosis fugax.


behavioral response to chemical pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus.


Motor tics

Movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups.


pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis

The presence of gas within the wall of the large or small intestine.


response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


4-hydroxyproline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


Vaginal Cyst

A cyst located in the vagina.


splenic infarction

Insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply to the spleen due to emboli, thrombi, vascular torsion, or pressure that produces a macroscopic area of necrosis. (From Stedman, 25th ed)


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.


Catalysis of the reaction: RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + NH3 + pyruvate.


penile erection

The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


ribosylnicotinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinamide + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + nicotinamide mononucleotide.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.


negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.


generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step

Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.


dUMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).


Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder associated with the complete or partial absence of an X chromosome.


T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm.


cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


Scintillating scotoma

A scintillating scotoma is a common visual aura that can preced a migraine, whereby a spot of flickering light near the center of the visual fields occurs. The spot prevents vision, and is thus termed scotoma. The scotoma can extend into one or more shimmering arcs of white or colored flashing lights.


phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


free ubiquitin chain polymerization

The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.


positive regulation of cellular respiration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.


box H/ACA snoRNA binding

Binding to a box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA.


regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-transcriptional gene silencing by a non-coding RNA.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


Exencephaly

A malformation of the neural tube with a large amount of protruding brain tissue and absence of calvarium.


acquired keratosis

Focal or diffuse thickening of the skin not inherited as a primary genetic disorder. Causes include inflammatory skin disorders, infectious disorders, lymphedema, and medications.


positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


Phantom pain

Painful sensation related to a limb or an organ that is removed from or is not physically part of the body.


BK virus infection

An infection caused by the BK virus. It usually causes an asymptomatic infection, except in immunocompromised individuals where it may cause nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis.


posterior midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


positive regulation of heart induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


pancreatic PP cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


Puerperal sepsis

A sustained temperature of 38C (100.4F) or greater beyond the first 24 hours following birth, or a temperature of 39C (102.2F) within the first 24 hours following birth. (adapted from ACOG)


presbyopia

The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.


nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate.


Oesophageal atresia (OA) encompasses a group of congenital anomalies with an interruption in the continuity of the esophagus, with or without persistent communication with the trachea.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine.


strabismus

Strabismus is the intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object as the other eye. Strabismus is caused by an imbalance in the extraocular muscles which control the positioning of the eyes. Strabismus is normal in newborns but should resolve by the time the baby is 6 months old. In older children with strabismus, the brain may learn to ignore the input from one eye, and this may lead to amblyopia, a potentially permanent decrease in vision in that eye if not corrected.


Kit signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


tertiary granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a tertiary granule.


Hemorrhage of kidney

Bleeding originating from the kidney.


vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.


rotator cuff syndrome

Tear of one or more of the tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. A rotator cuff 'injury' can include any type of irritation or overuse of those muscles or tendons, and is among the most common conditions affecting the shoulder.


liver lymphoma

A rare lymphoma that arises from the liver and the bulk of the tumor is located in the liver. The most frequent types of lymphoma that arise from the liver are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.


stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


cellular response to temperature stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


hypoxanthine salvage

Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


ERK5 cascade

A MAPK cascade containing at least the ERK5 MAP kinase (MAPK7; also called BMK1). It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and of ERK5. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The ERK5 cascade is activated by stress, mitogens, and by G protein-coupled receptors, and results in cellular responses such as cell growth, cell differentiation and development.


somatostatin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


rickets

Bone softening and weakening usually caused by deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D. Deficiency of calcium, magnesium, or phosphorus may also cause rickets. It predominantly affects children who suffer from severe malnutrition. It manifests with bone pain, fractures, muscle weakness, and skeletal deformities.


Alcoholic Intoxication

Disturbances in psychophysiological functions and responses as a result of  consumption of a beverage containing ethanol.


regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


pronephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


iron ion transmembrane transport

A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


titin Z domain binding

Binding to a titin Z protein domain, which recognizes and binds to the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of alpha-actinin-2 (Act-EF34), adopts a helical structure, and binds in a groove formed by the two planes between the helix pairs of Act-EF34.


phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor).


DNA ligase IV complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


trigeminal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway

An intracellular signaling cassette in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.


ATPase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces an ATP hydrolysis activity.


Cystic acne

A severe type of acne characterized by the formation of cysts enclosing a mixture of keratin and sebum.


Benign neoplasm of liver

A neoplasm that arises from the liver and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


phagolysosome

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.


male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.


Myb complex

A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression.


positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.


adenylylsulfate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylsulfate = ADP + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium.


sphingomyelin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.


retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of retinoic acid to 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.


negative regulation of integrin activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.