pyridoxal phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


deoxycytidine catabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


RNA fragment catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fragment of RNA, such as excised introns or sequences removed from ribosomal RNA during processing.


bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole.


pyridine nucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


aspyridone B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone B.


anaerobic purine nucleobase catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


atrazine catabolic process to cyanuric acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into cyanuric acid.


N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insecticide.


carnitine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


queuosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


glycine betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.


vitamin B6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


purine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


snRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snRNA, small nuclear RNA, low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.


L-proline betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


nonfunctional rRNA decay

An rRNA catabolic process that results in the targeted detection and degradation of aberrant rRNAs contained within translationally defective ribosomes, thereby acting as a quality-control system.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


hypoxanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


sno(s)RNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins.


ureide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine to form fumarate. 2,5-dihydroxypyridine is dioxygenated to give maleamate and formate; the maleamate from this reaction is then converted to maleate, which is then isomerized to fumurate.


cyanide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.


thymidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


pteridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


heme B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine.


adenine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the 5 main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


aspyridone A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone A.


cyanogenic glycoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


bacteriochlorophyll catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


heme a catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


nitroimidazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.


corrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


siRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small interfering RNA transcripts (siRNAs).


polyuridylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end of the target mRNA.


mitochondrial ncRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) within the mitochondrion.


nuclear histone mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus.


cytoplasmic RNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.


pre-mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the unspliced pre-mRNA (pre-messenger RNA).


mitochondrial DNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitochondrial DNA.


isoquinoline alkaloid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snoRNA.


exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-independent decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay.


nitric oxide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


tRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant tRNAs.


carbazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.


s-triazine compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.


target-directed miRNA degradation

The process in which a miRNA is targeted for degradation by a non-coding RNA or mRNA. The binding of an RNA to a target miRNA within a RISC complex results in either ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AGO protein or the displacement of the 3' end of the miRNA, exposing it to nucleases.


5-methylcytosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


deoxyuridine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


indole phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


siroheme catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


tetrahydrobiopterin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


cobalamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


nuclear polyadenylation-dependent antisense transcript catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an antisense transcript, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target antisense transcript.


guanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 5'-3'

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.


melatonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


atrazine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide.


mitochondrial mRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) within the mitochondrion.


cocaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


deoxyadenosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


cyanuric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanuric acid, a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides.


heme O catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


cervicothoracic spina bifida cystica

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


spina bifida cystica

A congenital abnormality in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


posterior meningocele

Posterior meningocele is a rare neural tube closure defect characterized by the herniation of a cerebrospinal fluid-filled sac, that is lined by dura and arachnoid mater, through a posterior spina bifida and covered by a layer of skin of variable thickness, which may be dysplastic or ulcerated. The spinal cord and nerves are generally not included and function normally, although sometimes a tethered cord may be associated. They are most commonly located in the lumbar or sacral region.


true myelomeningocele

A rare open neural tube defect characterized by no other malformation than myelomeningocele (spina bifida with a neural placode exposed at the top of a non-epidermised dysplasic meninges sac and Chiari II malformation).


hemi-myelomeningocele

A very rare form of composite dysraphism characterized by the presence of a split cord malformation and a myelomeningocele on one of the two hemicords. Hemicords can be in a single dural sac or in two separated dural sacs. Other spinal cord malformations can be associated. Due to the comparable prognosis it is considered as a subtype of myelomeningocele.


non-terminal myelocystocele

A rare closed spinal dysraphism characterized by myelocystocele located above the conus region. Also considered as a form of saccular limited dorsal myeloschisis.


papillary meningioma of the cerebellum

A papillary meningioma that affects the cerebellum.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Leiomyosarcoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Uterine corpus leiomyosarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Dental Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the teeth and/or the periodontal tissues.  Representative examples include odontoma, enamel hypoplasia, and periodontitis.


Cemento-osseous dysplasia

A non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesion of the tooth-bearing regions of the gnathic bones. It is characterized by a variably cellular fibrous stroma with areas of swirling and/or loose collagen. Within the stroma are mineralizing tissues consisting of osteoid, bone, and cementum-like material. As the lesions mature, they become increasingly calcified. (WHO 2017)


acute pericementitis

An acute inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


suppurative periapical periodontitis

Localized collection of pus in the tissues that enclose the root of a tooth.


chronic periodontitis

A chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


Odontoma, Compound

A benign, slow growing, and painless hamartomatous tumor occurring in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It usually affects children and adolescents. It is characterized by the presence of tooth-like structures. Treatment consists of local excision. Recurrences have not been reported.


Periodontal infection

An infectious process affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


Dental disorders congenital

A non-neoplastic dental disorder that is present at birth.


Dental pain and sensation disorders

A term that refers to disorders that result in pain and abnormal sensation in the teeth and/or periodontal tissues.


florid cemento-osseous dysplasia

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare fibro-osseous lesion in the jaw that predominantly affects middle-aged women of African descent. It is generally asymptomatic or may manifest with pain and gingival swelling. Radiologically, it is characterized by multiple dense lobulated bone lesions, often symmetrically located in various regions of the jaw.


Dental and Periodontal Infection

An infectious process that affects the teeth and/or the periodontal tissues.


Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia

Cemento-osseous dysplasia affecting the apical areas of mandibular anterior teeth. (WHO 2017)


Chronic pericoronitis

Long-term inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a tooth, usually of an incompletely erupted tooth.


Dental Developmental Disorder

A disorder of the teeth arising during odontogenesis.


Dental Fistula

Localized collection of pus in the tissues that enclose the root of a tooth and is associated with the presence of a sinus tract.


Complex odontoma

A benign, slow growing, and painless hamartomatous tumor occurring in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It is one of the most common odontogenic tumors and it usually affects children, adolescents, and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of enamel and dentin and the absence of tooth-like structures. It is treated with local excision. If it is incompletely removed, it may recur.


Hypotensive Shock

Shock resulting from abnormally low blood pressure.


intracellular manganese ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of manganese ions within a cell.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + H2O = beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + NH3.


left anterior basal body

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder following transplant

A clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by destructive infiltration of lymph nodes and extranodal sites by a polymorphic B-cell infiltrate composed of small and medium sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, and plasma cells. In some cases, reduction of the immunosuppression therapy may lead to regression of the lesions. In other cases the lesions may progress to lymphoma.


Refractory Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


superior vesical artery

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An artery that supplies blood to the upper urinary bladder.


middle colic artery

The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers' breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted].


congenital hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy

A very rare syndrome characterized by sparse and short hair from birth followed by progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


renal interlobular vein

Any of the veins that parallel the interlobular arteries, receiving blood from the peritubular capillary plexus and empty into the arcuate veins.


renal venous blood vessel

Any member of the network of tubes that return blood from the renal tissues to the systemic circulation.


kidney arcuate vein

Any of the veins that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from the interlobular veins and straight venules, and terminate in the interlobar veins.


inner renal medulla vasa recta

A vasa recta that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


outer renal medulla vasa recta

A vasa recta that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


renal cortex vein

Artery that receives blood from the renal cortex[MP, modified].


MHC class Ib protein binding, via lateral surface

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules via the lateral surface.


Resected Mass

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Pathologic Stage IIIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T2, N3a, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T4a, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T2, N3, M0); (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4b, N2, M0); (T4b, N3, M0); (T4a, N3, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage 0 Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IVB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T1, N3b, M0); (T2, N3b, M0); (T3, N3a, M0); (T4a, N3a, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4b, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T3, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T4a, N1, N2, or N3, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIIC Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N3b, M0); (T4a, N3b, M0); (T4b, N3a, M0); (T4b, N3b, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (T1, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T2, N1, N2, or N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IVA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: (T4b, Any N, M0): T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T1, N3a, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); IIB: (T1, N3a, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage IA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: (T1, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: (T1, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T2, N1, N2, or N3, M0); IIB: (T3, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4b, Any N, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

A term that refers to the pathologic staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T2, N3a, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1, N3b, M0); (T2, N3b, M0); (T3, N3a, M0); (T4a, N3a, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4b, N2, M0); IIIC: (T3, N3b, M0); (T4a, N3b, M0); (T4b, N3a, M0); (T4b, N3b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pathologic Stage IB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Pathologic Stage 0 Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


polyazaalkane

Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen.


Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula Type C

A type of esophageal atresia (EA) / tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in which the upper segment of the esophagus ends in a blind pouch and the lower segment is connected to the trachea via a TEF. This is the most common type of EA/TEF, which accounts for approximately 85 percent of cases.


Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma

A rare, well-circumscribed malignant fibroblastic neoplasm that arises from the soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant epithelioid fibroblasts and sclerotic collagen stroma formation.


high-affinity inorganic phosphate:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: HPO42-(out) + Na+(out) = HPO42-(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


positive regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


Tracheoarterial Fistula

An erosion through the tracheal wall into an artery.


copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-copalyl diphosphate.


HLA-E specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


HLA-G specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-G subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


Testicular Myeloid Sarcoma

A rare myeloid sarcoma that arises from the testis. At presentation the involvement is usually unilateral.


Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, benign

A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor with benign histologic features.  It may recur locally but does not metastasize.  Complete excision is curative.


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 3


congenital vertebral-cardiac-renal anomalies syndrome


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 1


vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 2


NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex

A heterodimer of NF-kappa B p50 and p65 subunits.


melatonin binding

Binding to melatonin.


androsterone dehydrogenase (A-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.


androsterone dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.


parakeratinized epithelium of gingiva

A parakeratinized epithelium that is part of a gingiva.


gingival epithelium

A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO].


positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.


age related macular degeneration 1

An age related macular degeneration associated with polymorphism in the hemicentin gene (HMCN1) on chromosome 1q25.3-q31.1.


negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.


negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.


negative regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.


negative regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.


negative regulation of post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of posttranslational protein translocation through the ER membrane.


negative regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane.


snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.


pollen tube reception

Interaction between the pollen tube, part of the male gametophyte, and the ovule, part of the female gametophyte, that results in the arrest of pollen tube growth, rupture of the pollen tube and the release of the sperm cells.


Jejunal Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the jejunum.


Jejunal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the jejunum.


gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity.


negative gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity.


positive gravitaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards the source of gravity.


African histoplasmosis

An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii.


Histoplasma capsulatum infectious disease

An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


histoplasmosis meningitis

An infectious meningitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


histoplasmosis retinitis

An retinitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


macular corneal dystrophy

Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is a rare, severe form of stromal corneal dystrophy characterized by bilateral ill-defined cloudy regions within a hazy stroma, and eventually severe visual impairment.


gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDCD) is a form of superficial corneal dystrophy characterized by multiple prominent milky-white gelatinous nodules beneath the corneal epithelium, and marked visual impairment.


Mounier-Kuhn syndrome

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, also known as idiopathic tracheobronchomegaly, is a congenital disorder characterized by marked dilatation of the trachea and proximal bronchi that leads to impaired airway secretion clearance and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.


SHG alpha-glucan phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogenphosphate + a plant soluble heteroglycan = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + a plant soluble heteroglycan.


genochondromatosis type 1

Genochondromatosis is characterized by chondromatosis, typically involving the clavicles, upper end of the humerus, and lower end of the femur. Lesions are bilateral and symmetrical. It has been described four patients from the same family and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Another disorder, genochondromatosis II, shows strong similarities to genochondromatosis but is characterized by the involvement of the short tubular bones and by normal clavicles. It has been described in one unrelated family. Genochondromatosis II may also be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Genochondromatosis has a benign clinical course.


genochondromatosis type 2

Genochondromatosis type 2 is a rare genetic bone development disorder characterized by normal clavicles and symmetrical generalized metaphyseal enchondromas particularly in the distal femur, proximal humerus, and bones of the wrists, hands, and feet. Lesions regress later in life with growth cartilage obliteration. Clinical examination is normal and the course of the disease is benign.


protein pupylation

The process in which a Pup protein is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.


A 1-glycosyltriazole in which the glycosyl residue is specified as ribosyl.


sensory perception of slow pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction.


polyuridylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that has been modified by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end.


facial nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


Stage IV Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

An esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which has reappeared after a period of remission or after presumed treatment.


benign neoplasm of lacrimal gland

A benign neoplasm that involves the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the lacrimal gland.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing N-acetylmuramic residues.


ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint

Joint that articulates the ceratohyal and ventral hypohyal bones. Ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint is paired.


natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation.


negative regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


positive regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.


Stargardt disease 4

Any Stargardt disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PROM1 gene.


all-trans-beta-apo-10'-carotenal cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + O2 <=> 13-apo-beta-carotenone + 4-methylocta-2,4,6-trienedial.


positive regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.


leading edge of dendritic growth cone

That part of the dendritic growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


Sporadic Cylindroma

A cylindroma occurring as a solitary sporadic lesion.


interleukin-13 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-13 receptor.


interleukin-20 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-20 receptor.


interleukin-11 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-11 receptor.


CX3C chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CX3C chemokine receptor.


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

Binding to a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.


XCR1 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a XCR1 chemokine receptor.


CCR6 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR6 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-17 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-17 receptor.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor binding

Binding to a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor.


interleukin-26 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-26 receptor.


CXCR6 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR6 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-19 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-19 receptor.


interleukin-7 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-7 receptor.


interleukin-25 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-25 receptor.


interleukin-24 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-24 receptor.


interleukin-9 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-9 receptor.


CCR3 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR3 chemokine receptor.


CCR8 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR8 chemokine receptor.


CCR9 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR9 chemokine receptor.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding

Binding to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.


interleukin-17E receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-17E receptor.


CXCR2 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR2 chemokine receptor.


CXCR5 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR5 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-15 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-15 receptor.


interleukin-10 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-10 receptor.


CCR11 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR11 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-16 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-16 receptor.


interleukin-35 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-35 receptor.


interleukin-33 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-33 receptor.


CXCR1 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR1 chemokine receptor.


CCR4 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CCR4 chemokine receptor.


interleukin-28 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-28 receptor.


interleukin-18 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-18 receptor.


interleukin-21 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-21 receptor.


neurotrophin TRKC receptor binding

Binding to a neurotrophin TRKC receptor.


CXCR4 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR4 chemokine receptor.


arylalkyl acylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetylarylalkylamine = acetate + arylalkylamine.


positive regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.


protein-phycobiliviolin linkage via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine.


protein-phycobiliviolin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin.


neuron migration involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite of a neuron in the amphid sensory organ.


Closed fracture of mandible, multiple sites

A traumatic break in two or more places in the mandible that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Descending Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the descending colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to somitogenesis.


Elevated Alpha-Hydroxyglutarate

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of alpha-hydroxyglutarate in a sample.


neutral amino acid, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


metal cation:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: metal ion(in) + H+(out) = metal ion(out) + H+(in).


L-histidine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-histidine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-histidine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Mn2+(in) + H+(out) = Mn2+(out) + H+(in).


L-glutamine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of zinc from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + Zn2+(in) = H+(in) + Zn2+(out).


sodium:proton antiporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a cardiac muscle cell membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). This transfer contributes to the regulation of the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in).


L-asparagine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).


negative regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome

20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by psychomotor delay, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, anomalies of the hands and feet (clinodactyly, camptodactyly, brachydactyly, feet malposition), and craniofacial dysmorphism. Associated prenatal growth retardation, and gastrointestinal, heart and eye anomalies have been reported.


D-galacturonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


D-galacturonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid is a component of plant gums and bacterial cell walls.


D-galacturonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


Resectable Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


esophagus squamous epithelium

A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus.


negative regulation of primary miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.


positive regulation of miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.


positive regulation of pre-miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


positive regulation of primary miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.


urethral calculus

A concretion in the urethra.


retinitis pigmentosa 42

Any retinitis pigmentosa in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KLHL7 gene.


positive regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.


TDP-43 proteinopathy

Disease characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease.


cervicofacial actinomycosis

A form of actinomycosis characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses.


positive regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


4p16.3 microduplication syndrome

4p16.3 microduplication syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome that results from the partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 4. It has a highly variable phenotype, principally characterized by psychomotor and language delay, seizures and dysmorphic features such as high forehead with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, prominent glabella, long narrow palpebral fissures, low set ears and short neck. Eye abnormalities (glaucoma, irregular iris pigmentation, hyperopia) have also been reported.


positive regulation of neutrophil activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.


developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 62


Intraocular Infection

Infection within the eye.


Fungal endophthalmitis

Inflammation of the lining of the ocular cavities, which results from a fungal infection.


parasitic endophthalmitis

Infection of the epicondyles by a parasite.


cellular response to L-glutamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamate(1-) stimulus.


establishment of latency as a circular episome

A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a circular structure.


establishment of episomal latency

A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a distinct genetic entity.


establishment of latency as a linear episome

A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as linear structure.


caudate lobe hepatic sinusoid

A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a caudate lobe of liver.


peroxisome membrane class-1 targeting sequence binding

Binding to a class I peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane in a PEX19-dependent manner.


autoimmune vasculitis

An autoimmune form of vasculitis.


rheumatoid vasculitis

Necrotizing VASCULITIS of small and medium size vessels, developing as a complication in RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients. It is characterized by peripheral vascular lesions, cutaneous ulcers, peripheral gangrene, and mononeuritis multiplex.


positive regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.


Toc complex

Protein translocon complex at the chloroplast outer membrane.


Benign Epithelial Melanoses of the Conjunctiva

A group of benign, non-neoplastic lesions in the conjunctiva characterized by increased production of melanin without proliferation of conjunctival melanocytes.


Branch of abdominal aorta

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An arterial segment arising from the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the abdominal organs, other structures, genitalia and the lower limbs. The aortic branches include terminal branches called the common iliac arteries, the celiac artery, the superior mesenteric artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, the renal arteries, the suprarenal arteries, the testicular (internal spermatic) arteries, the ovarian arteries, the inferior phrenic arteries, lumbar arteries and the middle sacral artery.


left common iliac artery

The common iliac artery situated on the left side of the body.


common iliac artery

The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted].


iliolumbar artery

The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted].


left testicular artery

A testicular artery that supplies a left testicle.


spermatic artery

A branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies oxygenated blood to the testis.


phrenic artery

An artery that supplies the diaphragm.


left gastric artery

An artery that arises from the celiac artery and supplies the stomach.


right testicular artery

A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle.


mesenteric artery

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.


suprarenal artery

Artery that supplies blood to the adrenal glands.


ovarian artery

An artery that supplies an ovary.


right renal artery

Renal artery that supplies the right kidney.


lumbar artery

The lumbar arteries are in series with the intercostals. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrC&. A fifth pair, small in size, is occasionally present: they arise from the middle sacral artery. They run lateralward and backward on the bodies of the lumbar vertebrC&, behind the sympathetic trunk, to the intervals between the adjacent transverse processes, and are then continued into the abdominal wall. The arteries of the right side pass behind the inferior vena cava, and the upper two on each side run behind the corresponding crus of the diaphragm. The arteries of both sides pass beneath the tendinous arches which give origin to the Psoas major, and are then continued behind this muscle and the lumbar plexus. They now cross the Quadratus lumborum, the upper three arteries running behind, the last usually in front of the muscle. At the lateral border of the Quadratus lumborum they pierce the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis and are carried forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus. They anastomose with the lower intercostal, the subcostal, the iliolumbar, the deep iliac circumflex, and the inferior epigastric arteries.


left renal artery

Renal artery that supplies the left kidney.


inferior suprarenal artery

Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted].


Accessory Renal Artery

An additional renal artery originating from the aorta. Accessory renal arteries are found in 26-30% of humans.


superior suprarenal artery

Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted].


right common iliac artery

The common iliac artery situated on the right side of the body.


iliac artery

Any of the arteries that arise from a bifurcation of the aorta supplying the pelvic or abdomen. Examples: Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Internal iliac artery.


Recurrent Breast Acinic Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of acinic cell breast carcinoma after a period of remission.


immunoskeletal dysplasia with neurodevelopmental abnormalities


cranial nodular fasciitis

A rare self-limiting, rapidly growing, non-encapsulated benign neoplasm that arises from the cranium. This is an osteolytic lesion. It is characterized by the presence of plump spindle-shaped fibroblasts, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, red blood cell extravasation, and high mitotic activity.


positive regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin catabolic process.


Stage V Kidney Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor that affects both kidneys at the same time. The tumor in each kidney is staged separately (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Kv4.3-KChIP1 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.


type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site specific manner. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of a specific recognition site in the DNA which must be modified (e.g. methylated, hydroxymethylated, glucosyl-hydroxymethylated).


negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


negative regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


negative regulation of pyruvate kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.


negative regulation of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


negative regulation of exoribonuclease activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of exonucleolytic catabolism of deadenylated mRNA

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-dependent decay.


negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation mediated by RNA polymerase I.


negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.


suppression by virus of host mRNA splicing

Any viral process that inhibits the splicing of host mRNA, thus reducing host protein production.


negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor catabolism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the catabolism of a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


negative regulation of termination of DNA-templated transcription

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-dependent transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.


negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nutrient levels

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.


negative regulation of DNA ligation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


negative regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.


replication fork arrest at mating type locus

A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the mating type locus.


negative regulation of endoribonuclease activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.


negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


negative regulation of reverse transcription

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.


negative regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of error-prone translesion synthesis.


negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


negative regulation of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing

Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing. Suppression of recombination at replication forks is necessary to prevent template switching.


negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.


negative regulation of telomere single strand break repair

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere single strand break repair.


negative regulation of DNA ligase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.


negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.


carbon catabolite repression of transcription by galactose

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of galactose that leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.


negative regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.


negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.


telomerase RNA stabilization

Prevention of degradation of telomerase RNA (TERC) molecules.


negative regulation of DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing.


negative regulation of single strand break repair

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.


negative regulation of miRNA metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.


negative regulation of DNA primase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.


negative regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity.


negative regulation of type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selective degradation of meiosis-specific nuclear transcribed transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.


negative regulation of DNA amplification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.


negative regulation of telomeric loop disassembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop disassembly.


replication fork arrest at tRNA locus

A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic tRNA transcription unit.


negative regulation of snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.


negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


negative regulation of RNA metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.


negative regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exodeoxyribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage.


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


inactivation of recombination (HML)

The inactivation of recombination at sequences around a mating type donor locus, with the consequence that the other donor is the only one available for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


negative regulation of mRNA modification

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


negative regulation of type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated

Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription.


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.


nitrogen catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


negative regulation of type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of siRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of siRNA processing.


negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication.


negative regulation of type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.


negative regulation of DNA recombination at centromere

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination at the centromere.


negative regulation of mismatch repair

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.


replication fork arrest

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.


negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to a decrease of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.


negative regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric D-loop disassembly.


negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes mediated by RNA polymerase II.


negative regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process.


tRNA stabilization

Prevention of degradation of tRNA molecules.


negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.


negative regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate.


negative regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in plasmid copy number maintenance

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of plasmid DNA replication that contributes to copy number maintenance.


negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication.


negative regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.


negative regulation of miRNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.


negative regulation of exonuclease activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.


carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


negative regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication.


negative regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity.


negative regulation of tRNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA catabolic process.


replication fork arrest involved in DNA replication termination

A replication fork arrest process that contributes to the termination of DNA replication.


replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats

A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic rDNA repeat spacer.


negative regulation of strand invasion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.


negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.


negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription.


nitrogen catabolite repression of transcription

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


negative regulation of ribonuclease activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication.


negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled.


negative regulation of base-excision repair

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.


negative regulation of DNA methylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase III activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase III activity.


negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to chemical stimulus

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a chemical stimulus.


carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

Any process involving galactose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


transcription antitermination

A positive regulation of gene expression mechanism that allows RNA polymerase to continue transcription beyond a termination site, thus allowing expression of downstream genes under specific conditions.


negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.


detection of salicylic acid stimulus

The series of events in which a salicylic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to salicylic acid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.


osmosensory signaling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor

The series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a Sho1 osmosensor system.


osmosensory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated in response to osmotic change.


osmosensory signaling via phosphorelay pathway

The series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a phosphorelay system.


upper aerodigestive tract neoplasm

Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the lip; oral cavity; pharynx; larynx; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the nose and paranasal sinuses; salivary glands; thyroid gland and parathyroid glands; and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)


Adenocarcinoma in multiple adenomatous polyps

Adenocarcinomas developing in gastrointestinal tract adenomas in patients with multiple adenomatous polyps.


Adenocarcinoma in adenomatous polyposis coli

Adenocarcinomas developing in colorectal adenomas in patients with a history of adenomatous polyposis coli. The mean age of development of adenocarcinoma is about 40 years.


alcoholic psychosis

A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.


childhood parosteal osteosarcoma

A low grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone. It occurs in childhood and usually affects the distal posterior femur, the proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Painless swelling is the usual clinical sign. The prognosis is usually excellent.


peripheral osteosarcoma

A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone.


high grade surface osteosarcoma

A usually aggressive high grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone.


Childhood Periosteal Osteosarcoma

A periosteal osteosarcoma occurring in childhood.


periosteal osteogenic sarcoma

An intermediate grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm with chondroblastic differentiation. It arises from the surface of the bone and affects the diaphysis or diaphyseal- metaphyseal portion of the long bones. A painless mass or swelling is the most common clinical sign. It is associated with a better prognosis than conventional osteosarcoma.


juxtacortical osteosarcoma

A low grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone. It usually affects the distal posterior femur, the proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Painless swelling is the usual clinical sign. Most patients are young adults and the prognosis is usually excellent.


medulla oblongata formation

The process that gives rise to the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


calmodulin-activated 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


chitobiose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any chitobiose, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine.


N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


glycopeptide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycopeptides, a compound in which carbohydrate is covalently attached to an oligopeptide composed of residues of L and/or D-amino acids. The term usually denotes a product of proteolytic degradation of a glycoprotein but includes glycated peptide.


butirosin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butirosin.


anthocyanin-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.


amino disaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


gentamycin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gentamycin.


paromomycin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of paromomycin.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.


O-sialoglycoprotein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of O-sialoglycoproteins, glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.


cuticle chitin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.


galactosylceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


amylopectin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amylopectin.


glucuronoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.


galactosaminoglycan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.


cell wall chitin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


lincomycin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lincomycin.


neomycin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neomycin.


S-glycoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.


D-tagatose 6-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a D-tagatose 6-phosphate.


ascospore wall chitin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.


lipoteichoic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


lipopolysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


kanamycin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of kanamycin.


diacetylchitobiose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products.


diacetylchitobiose catabolic process to glucosamine and acetate

The pathway resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products, including glucosamine and glucosamine. The catabolism proceeds by the deacetylation of diacetylchitobiose, producing acetate and GlcN-GlcNAc; the latter is cleaved to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is then deacetylated to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and acetate.