glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + sn-glycerol-1-phosphate = NAD(P)H + H+ + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate.


catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate.


helvolic acid biosynthetic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of helvolic acid.


tetrose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


4-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


tocopherol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol.


trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


cellular response to tropane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.


butirosin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving butirosin.


negative regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


gibberellin A4 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 16alpha,17-epoxy gibberellin A4 + H2O + NAD(P).


iduronate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin.


response to cobalamin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ergosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-ergosterol.


vicianin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-vicianin + H2O = mandelonitrile + vicianose.


GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate + 2H+.


diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.


histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me2.


positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.


negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


modulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility

The process in which an organism effects a change in the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


entry into host cell by a symbiont-containing vacuole

The invasion by a symbiont of a cell of a host organism, forming a vacuole in which the symbiont resides. The vacuole membrane is formed from lipids and proteins derived from both host and symbiont. Begins when the symbiont attaches on to the host cell membrane which invaginates and deepens as the symbiont enters, and ends when the host cell membrane closes behind the newly-formed vacuole.


L-sorbose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.


peptidyl-lysine guanylylation

The guanylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine.


negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


isonocardicin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nocardicin E = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+ + isonocardicin A.


positive regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.


cellular response to cycloalkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.


macromolecule modification

The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.


cellular response to freezing

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.


histone H3K deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H3.


xylose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose = D-xylulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + ponciretin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


perchlorate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perchlorate + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chlorate + H2O.


pertubation of host canonical NF-kappaB cascade

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a canonical NF-kappaB-mediated signaling cascade in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


taxis to electron acceptor

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an alternative electron acceptor, for example, nitrate.


GUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUG codon.


U2 snRNP binding

Binding to a U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a natural killer cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


carveol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,5R)-carveol + NADP+ = (R)-carvone + H+ + NADPH.


Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


albendazole monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: albendazole + H+ + NADPH + O2 = albendazole S-oxide + H2O + NADP+.


left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


prostaglandin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostaglandin.


regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


vasodilation involved in acute inflammatory response

An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


lactoyl-CoA dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione + NADH + H+ + O2 <=> 5-hydroxyisouric acid + NAD + H2O.


positive regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


lipopolysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lipopolysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


negative regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


cysteine-type exopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C- or N-terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


D-leucine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-leucine.


acetate fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


anthocyanin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins that occur in plants. They are responsible from most of the scarlet, purple, mauve and blue coloring in higher plants, especially of flowers.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host reactive oxygen species generation

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the host signal transduction pathways leading to the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


substituted mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannan backbone composed of D-mannose unites, substituted with D-glucose and/or D-galactose units.


DIF dechlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one => 1-[(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one + Cl-.


detection of maltose stimulus

The series of events in which a maltose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 2,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via gene conversion

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through gene conversion.


ADP-thymidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + thymidine = AMP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.


embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose + 2-oxoglutarate = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose + L-glutamate.


positive regulation of maltotriulose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.


integrated stress response signaling

The series of molecular signals generated in response to diverse stress stimuli required to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha by one of four members of the eIF2a kinase family (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2), which leads to a decrease in global protein synthesis and the induction of selected genes, including the transcription factor ATF4, that together promote cellular recovery.


O-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


proteasome core complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active 20S proteasome core particle complex that does not contain any regulatory particles.


spinal cord interneuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A spinal cord interneuron is a CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord.


nuclear capsid assembly

The assembly of a virus capsid that occurs in the nucleus. The assembly of large icosahedral shells for herpesviridae and adenoviridae requires structural proteins that act as chaperones for assembly.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala) = UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-N6-(L-alanyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + tRNA(Ala).


detection of folic acid

The series of events in which a folic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of septation initiation signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.


ion binding

Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms.


determination of intestine left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the intestine loops with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine.


hexitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexitol + acceptor = hexose + reduced acceptor.


negative regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


histone succinylation

The modification of a histone by the addition of an succinyl group.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monocarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = monocarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).


glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a glucuronosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronosides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of glucuronate.


interferon-epsilon production

The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to cyclopentenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


positive regulation of cilium movement

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


haltere development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings.


homoserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


zygotene

The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the ventricular septum.


L-tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


5-aminolevulinate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ammoniolevulinate + coenzyme A + ATP <=> 5-aminolevulinyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


single-strand selective uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases present in single-stranded DNA.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide.


copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: copal-8-ol diphosphate <=> 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O.


UDP-D-glucose:delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside -O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside <=> H+ + delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + UDP.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.


positive regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


rolling circle viral DNA replication

A process of unidirectional viral DNA replication that takes place on a circular DNA to rapidly produce numerous copies of the viral genome. Involves creating a nick in one strand of the circular DNA molecule at the origin of replication. DNA is then synthesized by DNA polymerase. Using the non-nicked strand as a template, replication proceeds around the circular DNA molecule, displacing the nicked strand as single-stranded DNA.


suppression by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


apical dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the apical neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.


maltose glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maltose = 2 glucose.


negative regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching

Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.


negative regulation of microglia differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


light-independent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the absence of light.


response to strigolactone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + NAD+ = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + NADH + H+.


negative energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


callose deposition in cell wall

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + O2 = 5-(3-carboxylato-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)-4,6-dihydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate + H+.


seed maturation

A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.


transmembrane ascorbate ferrireductase activity

Oxidation of Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) on the outer side of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.


p-benzoquinone reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-benzoquinone + H+ + NADPH = hydroquinone + NADP+.


cell proliferation involved in pronephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the pronephros.


establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.


positive regulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ascaroside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascaroside.


arginine N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + L-arginine = CoA + N2-succinyl-L-arginine.


sterigmatocystin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


nucleoside oxidase (hydrogen peroxide-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: adenosine + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + 2 hydrogen peroxide.


anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


positive regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.


hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzene-1,2,4-triol + O2 = 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate.


terpene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.


morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.


positive regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


oral incubation

A parental behavior in which fertilized eggs are taken into the mouth and held until hatching.


chondrocyte activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.


butanediol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.


thiol-driven fumarate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B = succinate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B + heterodisulfide.


positive regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.


positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


L-methionine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


determination of left/right asymmetry in nervous system

The establishment of the nervous system with respect to the left and right halves.


envenomation resulting in blood vessel extracellular matrix damage, causing hemorrhagic damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


chondrocyte intercalation involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a chondrocyte from one site to another that contributes to the shaping of growth plate cartilage in an endochondral bone.


inositol heptakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate, and ATP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.


monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 monodehydroascorbate = NAD+ + 2 ascorbate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


squalene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: presqualene diphosphate + NADPH = squalene + NADP+ + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + H2O <=> H+ + indole-3-acetate + beta-D-glucose.


7-oxatyphasterol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + typhasterol + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxatyphasterol + NADP + H2O.


adult visceral muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nicotianamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-beta-carotene + O2 = 2 all-trans-retinal.


Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.


anaerobic catabolism of pairs of amino acids

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids; in these reactions, one amino acid is oxidised (acts as an electron donor) and a different amino acid is reduced (acts as an electron acceptor); oxidation of the electron-donating amino acid yields energy in the form of ATP.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


hemocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


guanidinobutyrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + urea.


mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


zeinoxanthin epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: zeinoxanthin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = lutein + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.


trimethyluric acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + O2 + NADH + 3 H+ <=> 1,3,7-trimethyl-5-hydroxyisourate + NAD + H2O.


tetrahydrocorphin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrocorphins, tetrapyrroles that combine the structural elements of both porphyrins and corrins.


negative regulation of ornithine catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.


histone H2B acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


caudal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion.


negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.


pyochelin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + uracil 5-carboxylate = CO2 + uracil.


disruption by symbiont of host opsonization

Any process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops opsonization by the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-lysine 4-chlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + chloride + H+ + L-lysine + O2 = 4-chloro-L-lysine + CO2 + H2O + succinate.


tyrosine phenol-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + H2O = NH4 + phenol + pyruvate.


propane-1,3-diamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diamine + H2O + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


alpha-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->4) linkage.


thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thiosulfate ions, S2O3(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


9,12-cis-hexadecadienoic acid delta 15 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoA + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 9,12,15-cis-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-substituted L-cysteine + acetyl-CoA = S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine + CoA + H+.


GDP-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + GDP + H+.


epithelial cell migration involved in distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to distal tubule morphogenesis.


chlorobenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-unsubstituted benzenoid + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,3-cis-dihydroxydihydrobenzenoid + NAD(P)+. Substrates include 1,4-dichlorobenzene (forms 3,6-dichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene), 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (forms cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (forms 3,4,6-trichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene).


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ATP = ADP + CO2 + H+ + isopentenyl diphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanal + H2O + NAD+ = 4-guanidinobutanoate + 2 H+ + NADH.


endonucleolytic cleaveage between 4.5S rRNA and 5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5S rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (also known as Lindane), the most common form of hexachlorohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.


tagatose-6-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-tagatose 6-phosphate = ADP + D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate.


vitamin D4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D4, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.


versicolorin B desaturase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: versicolorin B + NADPH + O2 <=> versicolorin A + NADP+ + 2 H2O. Uses heme-thiolate as a co-factor. Involved in the synthesis of aflatoxins in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-glycan = galactose-beta-1,3-N-glycan + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: [oligomeric (1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: icosanoyl-CoA + dodecan-1-ol = arachidoyl dodecanoate + coenzyme A.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.


G-protein gated monoatomic ion channel activity

An ion channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.


regulation of ferrochelatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrochelatase activity; catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = protoheme + 2 H+.


lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-16:0-2-18:2-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-16:0-2-18:3-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


viral tail assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail.


negative regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.


alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


neuron projection arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.


3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


selenocysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.


response to cell size control checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell size control checkpoint signaling.


transcription elongation by mitochondrial RNA polymerase

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at mitochondrial promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a mitchondrial RNA polymerase.


occlusion by symbiont of host xylem

The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the host xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


chloromuconate cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate.


evasion by virus of host natural killer cell activity

Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's natural killer (NK) cells.


transmembrane signaling receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.


positive regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine released from the nerve endings.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 4-hydroxybutanoate.


temperature compensation of the circadian clock

The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.


negative regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).


epiblast cell-extraembryonic ectoderm cell signaling involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an epiblast cell to an extraembryonic ectoderm cell that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-L-arabinose + diphosphate.


ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB4 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> 4-coumaroylhexanoylmethane + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


protein localization to astral microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an astral microtubule.


siRNA transcription

The transcription of a small interfering RNA from an RNA template.


peptidyl-lysine glutarylation

The glutarylation of a lysine residue in a protein.


adaxial/abaxial pattern specification

The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


negative regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination

The process that results in the release of migrating cells from their interaction with radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


ureide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.


positive regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.


ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.


negative regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


ionotropic salty taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a soluble salty compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


allantoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(+)-allantoin = (R)-(-)-allantoin.


negative regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


peptidyl-threonine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine.


peptide butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-butyryl-lysine-peptide.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1->4)-D-glucosidic linkage in 4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanosyl}n trehalose to yield trehalose and alpha-(1->4)-D-glucan.


methylselenol demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylselenol + H2O => H2Se + CH3OH.


pectoral fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


determination of affect

Any process in which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation.


UDP-glucose: N-methylanthranilate glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylanthranilate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = N-methylanthraniloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.


homeostasis of number of meristem cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the meristem.


negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.


thiamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine + 2 O2 = thiamine acetic acid + 2 H2O2.


regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.


regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthotoxol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + xanthotoxin. Xanthotoxol is also known as 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin and xanthotoxin as 8-methoxyfuranocoumarin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> valerena-4,7(11)-diene + diphosphoric acid.


style development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the style over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The style is an elongated part of a carpel, or group of fused carpels, and it lies between the ovary and the stigma.


alpha-D-glucan binding

Binding to alpha-D-glucan.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> apigenin-7-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of sulfite transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.


type I hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


maintenance of protein complex location in cytoplasm

Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a specific location within the cytoplasm and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alkene group + alcohol group on same molecule = cyclic ether. Substrates are 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4- hydroquinone (forms delta-tocopherol) and 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (forms gamma-tocopherol).


L-arabinose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose = L-ribulose.


positive regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


citrazinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


Catalysis of the reaction: indoxyl + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + indican + UDP.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


parthenolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: costunolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> parthenolide + NADP(3-) + H2O.


corticotropin receptor activity

Combining with corticotropin to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine <=> N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-alpha-(1->3)-N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = formylmethylsilanediol + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + diphosphate + H+.


rhombomere 5 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


prephenate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADH.


taurine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + taurine = AH(2) + NH4 + sulfoacetaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + pyruvate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-alanine.


positive regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


steryl-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate + H2O = 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate.


peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester biosynthesis from peptidyl-glycine

The synthesis of peptidyl-glycine cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol ester at the carboxy-terminus of autolytically cleaved proteins.


cellular response to cation stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


3,4-dihydroxybenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving protocatechuate, the anion of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid).


malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonate semialdehyde + H+ = acetaldehyde + CO2.


site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde = NADH + 2-amino-muconate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylethanolamine + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidylethanolamine.


arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonic acid + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 20-HETE + NADP+ + H2O. Arachidonic acid is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid, and 20-HETE is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid.


modulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of cellotriose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.


negative regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


viral DNA genome replication

The replication of a viral DNA genome.


mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population, that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.


vinyl chloride reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vinyl chloride + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + ethene.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-D-galactofuranose.


structural constituent of postsynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynapse.


acinar cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize an acinar cell of the salivary gland. Acinar cells are protein-secreting cells in the gland.


plastid DNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving plastid DNA.


establishment of protein localization to postsynaptic membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a postsynaptic membrane.


cyanidin 3-O-p-coumaroylglucoside 2-O''-xylosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-4-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) + UDP-alpha-D-xylose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP + H+.


chitosanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine residues in a partly acetylated chitosan.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron anterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the anterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


butanediol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.


regulation of pre-tubular aggregate formation by cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of pre-tubular aggregate formation. Pre-tubular aggregate formation is the cell adhesion process in which mesenchymal cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.


response to alkyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


allophanate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3 H+ + urea-1-carboxylate = 2 CO2 + 2 NH4.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxidodioxidosulfidosulfate + a reduced thioredoxin = sulfite + hydrogen sulfide + H+ + an oxidized thioredoxin.


vesicle targeting, plasma membrane to endosome

The process in which vesicles formed at the plasma membrane are directed to specific destinations in endosome membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


hexitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form.


serine 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypyruvate + NH3 + NADH.


mitochondrial tRNA 5'-end processing

The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine

The post-translational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-threonine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.


negative regulation of cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


gastric mucosal blood circulation

The flow of blood through the gastric mucosa of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients and the removal of waste products.


macrolide 2'-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleandomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + oleandomycin 2'-O-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maltose 6'-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


2-aminohexanoate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate.


23S rRNA (guanine(748)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(748) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(748) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


isoleucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 8-methylthiooctylhydroximate <=> H+ + 7-methylthioheptyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


GCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCU codon.


ecdysone binding

Binding to 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting.


pyruvate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


2-alkyn-1-ol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyne-1,4-diol + NAD+ = 4-hydroxy-2-butynal + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


leukotriene D4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene D4.


IgA receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


type IV pilus-dependent motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.


2-oxobutyrate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.


alternative respiration

Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.


cellular response to triterpenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.


germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


detection of pheromone

The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


bixin aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bixin aldehyde + O2 + NAD <=> norbixin + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


negative regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + an ubiquinone = pyruvate + an ubiquinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methylcytidine in mRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


intermediate-density lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm.


polyphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


cytidylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP = 3',5'-cyclic CMP + diphosphate + H+.


4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenol + H+ + NADH + O2 = 4-nitrocatechol + H2O + NAD+.


negative regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


arabinan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


RITS complex localization

Any process in which a RITS complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


stomach pylorus smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the most distal part of the stomach.


histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-119 residue.


trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by carbon monoxide.


isopentenyl phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl phosphate(2-) + ATP(4-) <=> isopentenyl diphosphate(3-) + ADP(3-).


XMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


progression of neural tube closure

The process in which the neural folds are fused extending from the initial closure points.


amylin receptor activity

Combining with amylin to initiate a change in cell activity.


terminal region determination

Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products.


regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


interleukin-7 production

The appearance of interleukin-7 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of bundle of His cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell of the bundle of His. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


deoxycytidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


regulation of blood vessel branching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an N-hydroxyarylamine = CoA + an N-acetoxyarylamine.


ribitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 <=> 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.


lysine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = D-lysine.


apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

The actin-mediated process that results in contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin 30-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 2 H+ <=> glycyrrhetinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium

The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.


5-dehydro-2-deoxygluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = ADP + 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, using agmatinase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in a single enzymatic step.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-D-galactofuranose.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast.


neural crest cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


glutamate synthase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADH.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including L-glutamate.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to a cardioblast being committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate.


malate dehydrogenase (menaquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a menaquinone = oxaloacetate + a menaquinol.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


thioacetamide S-oxide S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide S-oxide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S,S-dioxide + H2O.


R2/R5 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.


apiose 1-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-apiitol + NAD+ = D-apiose + H+ + NADH.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


phosphatidylserine transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylserine from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


peptide histaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-histaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein].


beta-ketoadipate pathway

A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.


phosphatidylserine floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


thromboxane receptor activity

Combining with a thromboxane (TXA) to initiate a change in cell activity.


histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


pyridoxine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxine from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


channel-forming ionophore activity

Enables transport of a solute across a membrane. This kind of transporter interacts much more weakly with the solute than the carrier does. It is an aqueous pore that extends across the membrane. It may change from closed to open and back. It transports faster than a carrier. It is always passive.


response to silicon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-hydroxyacetophenone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


pineal gland development

The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.


structural constituent of virion

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a virion.


galactitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ombuin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation.


(S)-canadine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-canadine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: A [sulfatase]-L-cysteine + O2 + 2 a thiol = a [sulfatase]-3-oxo-L-alanine + hydrogen sulfide + a disulfide + H2O.


photoreactive repair

The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.


positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


actinorhodin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of actinorhodin.


phosphoribulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


malate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of malate from one side of a membrane to the other. Malate is a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H+.


regulation of cleistothecium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


CAAX-box protein modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins.


genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium).


tensidol B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol B.


anterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which a mRNA is transported to, and maintained in the anterior portion of the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen.


lignostilbene alpha beta-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O2 = 2 vanillin.


alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c(L)) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome cL] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome cL] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.


1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase (1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


hydroxymate-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including hydroxamic acid. Hydroxamate is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with catechol and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).


positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.


1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol palmitoyl-lipid 7-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


anthocyanidin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin + 2 NAD(P)H + H+.


dTTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.


cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced electron acceptor.


penicillin amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: penicillin + H2O = a carboxylate + 6-aminopenicillanate.


snoRNP binding

Binding to a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle.


positive regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


chrysobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


regulation of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation, the process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


mesonephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the mesonephros.


negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency of heart contraction of another organism.


ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid

The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.


perturbation of host cell-mediated immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects cell-based immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


methanopterin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanopterin.


formate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + coenzyme F420 = CO2 + reduced coenzyme F420.


1-18:1-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol omega-6 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.


Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.


negative regulation of fear response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


formation of stylet for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mandelamide amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mandelamide + H2O = (R)-mandelate + NH4.


shamixanthone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving shamixanthone.


perturbation of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis.


high-affinity copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper ions (Cu2+) from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


ventriculo bulbo valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA = H2O + glutaconyl-CoA.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + orotate.


disruption by symbiont of host cellular component

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pyridoxal transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxal from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT activity

Any process in which a virus interferes with a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription). STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


RNA NAD-cap (NMN-forming) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end NAD+-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-adenosine-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + 2 H+.


trichloroethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


anal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


negative regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


interleukin-9 production

The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


thalianol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thalianol = a thalian-diol. This reaction is the addition of a hydroxyl group to thalianol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta-ol) to create a thalian-diol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta,X-diol), where the hydroxyl group may be attached at one of several different available carbons in ring B or C of thalianol, indicated by the X.


pseurotin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pseurotin A.


baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch

The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


pyridoxal 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxolactone + H+ + NADH.


response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


immune response

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.


regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoate + H2O = acetate + 4-aminobutanoate.


neural crest cell differentiation involved in thymus development

Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in thymus development.


pyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO2.


modulation by symbiont of host heat acclimation

Any process in which an organism modulates the host's tolerance to high temperatures, above the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + CTP = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + CDP.


deoxyinosine salvage

Any process that generates deoxyinosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


valine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> (E)-2-methylpropanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


suppression by virus of host adaptive immune response

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adaptive immune response of the host organism, an immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).


valine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


negative regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

The process in which a chemical substance increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


imaginal disc pattern formation

The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


actin ubiquitination

The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups.


9,10 (9', 10')-carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids at the (9, 10) and/or (9', 10') double bond.


pollen intine formation

Formation of pollen intine, the inner layer of the pollen wall. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.


negative regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + ATP = AMP + deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + diphosphate + 2 H+.


myotube cell development involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. This occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


granulosa cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of granulosa cells, resulting in the expansion of the granulosa cells population. A granulosa cell is a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. They develop from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + NADP+ + H2O.


negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.


calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


response to 5-fluorouracil

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.


appendage segmentation

Division of an appendage, an organ or part that is attached to the main body of an organism, into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages, such as the legs and antennae, are visibly segmented.


peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in regulation of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


protein decanoylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with decanoic acid.


negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


cellular response to azide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


octanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.


mannogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania.


glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


bidentate ribonuclease III activity

Catalysis of the digestion of double-stranded RNAs into 20 to 30-nucleotide products. These products typically associate to the RNA-induced silencing complex and serve as guide RNAs for posttranslational RNA interference.


lipid III floppase activity

Enables the transbilayer of capsular-polysaccharides (Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (lipid III)) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane during the assembly of ECA. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


D-xylulose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + xylitol = D-xylulose + H+ + NADH.