oocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte.


TORC2 complex disassembly

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The disaggregation of a TORC2 complex into its constituent components.


regulation of meiotic spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.


glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


inositol oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + O2 = D-glucuronate + H2O + H+.


triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


peptide dopaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-dopaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+).


selective angioblast sprouting

The segregation of angioblasts into discrete arterial and venous vessels from one common precursor vessel.


response to carbamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase.


Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue from UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to the 4-position of a mannose linked alpha-1,6 to the core mannose of high-mannose oligosaccharides produced by Dictyostelium discoideum.


response to injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a injury. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.


regulation of secretion by asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation

The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that modulates the controlled release of a substance from a polarized epithelial cell.


negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


L-amino acid efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


negative regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


melanocyte adhesion

The attachment of a melanocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


Catalysis of the reaction: deacetyl-[citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + S-acetylphosphopantetheine = [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


high-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


specification of metanephric loop of Henle identity

The process in which the loop of Henle of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.


negative regulation of NK T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.


4-nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor.


organic phosphonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Catabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


dUMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dUMP = ADP + dUDP.


chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of arachidonic acid.


alpha-ribazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


FAD diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H2O = AMP + FMN.


dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine + H+.


leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

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The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine.


regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


silver ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of silver (Ag) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


nicotinic acid riboside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.


multi-pass transmembrane protein insertion into ER membrane

A process of protein insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins is mediated by the multi-pass translocon complex and takes place following membrane insertion of the first few transmembrane segments of proteins by the SEC61 complex to promote insertion of subsequent transmembrane regions.


protein glutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


spermatogonial cell division

The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-secoisolariciresinol + NAD <=> H+ + (-)-lactol + NADH.


(R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.


negative regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


perichondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.


leukotriene B4 12-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + NADP+ = 12-oxo-leukotriene B4 + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


soyasaponin III rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + soyasaponin III <=> H+ + UDP + soyasaponin I.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + methylmalonate.


histone H4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H4. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


ureidoglycine aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ureidoglycine + H2O = S-ureidoglycolate + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a medium-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. Medium-chain aldehydes have a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.


delphinidin 7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) acyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> violdelphin + beta-D-glucose.


cortisol O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cortisol = CoA + cortisol 21-acetate.


negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


cytochrome c metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytochrome c.


eosinophil extravasation

The migration of an eosinophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle midzone

A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the spindle midzone. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


Catalysis of the reaction: salicyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + salicin + UDP.


3alpha-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD+ = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H+ + NADH.


regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


galactomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


fatty acid peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O2 + H+ + palmitate = CO2 + 3 H2O + pentadecanal.


pseudouridine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pseudouridine = ADP + 2 H+ + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction O-acetyl-ADP-ribose + H2O = ADP-ribose + acetate.


allose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


negative regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


L-DOPA receptor activity

Combining with L-DOPA to initiate a change in cell activity. L-DOPA is the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, and is the precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine.


regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


rhythmic excitation

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.


electroception

The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location.


negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.


positive regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


rhamnose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


dichloromethane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dichloromethane, a dichlorinated derivative of methane. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor, often used as a paint remover.


envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.


membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential

The process in which bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid.


mesonephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the terminal segment of the proximal tubule and ends at the mesonephric connecting tubule.


naphtho-gamma-pyrone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphtho-gamma-pyrone.


carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine = (R)-O-acetylcarnitine + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDE; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.


tRNA wobble guanine modification

The process in which a guanine in t position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + perillyl alcohol = H+ + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.


stilbene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.


regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


juvenile hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


positive regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


detoxification of aluminum ion

Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of aluminum ions. These can include transport of the aluminum away from sensitive areas,  sequesteration, or chemical modification to an inert form.


tripeptide aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a tripeptide.


plastid single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single subunit type plastid RNA polymerase specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


cysteamine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cysteamine + O2 = H+ + hypotaurine.


arylamine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an arylamine = UDP + an N-D-glucosylarylamine.


fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.


positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling

The process of restoring the photoreceptor cell to its unexcited state after termination of the stimulus (photon).


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + cyanin betaine <=> shisonin + coenzyme A.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate = CO2 + NH3 + succinate semialdehyde + acetate.


specification of anterior mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the anterior mesonephros acquire their identity.


indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H2O + O2 = (indol-3-yl)acetate + H2O2 + H+.


dADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).


memory T cell proliferation

The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division.


(1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


ABC-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(in).


lytic transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the plasma membrane.


NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


dextrin dextranase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m) = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m+1).


arginine catabolic process to succinate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate.


carbon disulfide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbon disulfide + NADH + H+ + O2 = [S] + H2O + NAD+ + carbonyl sulfide.


peptidyl-lysine formylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-formyl-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-7-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.


negative regulation of artery morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylgalactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylgalactosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylgalactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> sakuranetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that increases the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


chitin deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate.


positive regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine.


epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac fibroblast cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.


positive regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


L-ascorbate peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + hydrogen peroxide = dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.


NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-35 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


oxaloacetate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


zygosporangium development

The process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed. A zygosporangium is a thick-walled structure in which spores are produced, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes.


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the C-end degron rule pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degron) pathway. In the DesCEND pathway, C-terminal residues (C-end degrons) in substrates are recognized by Cul2-RING and Cul4-RING E3 ligases, whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. C-end degrons can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms.


hydroxymethylbutenyl pyrophosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the formation of both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate from (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate.


high-affinity secondary active nitrite transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of nitrite from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


methyltetrahydrofolate:corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a tetrahydrofolate + a [methyl-Co(III) corrinoid Fe-S protein] <=> an N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate + a [Co(I) corrinoid Fe-S protein].


regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity.


corydaline synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2 NADPH + palmatine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + corydaline + 2 NADP+.


positive regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + H+(out) = nucleoside(in) + H+(in).


hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


double strand break-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to DNA double strand breaks and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to facilitate DNA repair.


distinct antral spaces stage

The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces become distinct and the first polar body forms.


vasomotion

The rhythmical contraction and relaxation of arterioles, observed as slow and fast waves, with frequencies of 1-2 and 10-20 cpm.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + Nt-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-histidyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


glucuronolactone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP+ = D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


regulatory RNA binding

Binding to a small regulatory RNA, a short RNA (usually 50-200 nt long) that is either independently transcribed or processed from a longer RNA by an RNAse enzyme.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + dihydrosanguinarine = H2O2 + sanguinarine.


regulation of pharyngeal pumping

Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.


short-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of short-chain fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA = pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A.


G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activity

Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


hydroxyproline O-arbinofuranose transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = UDP + H+ + a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.


arginine catabolic process to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline.


base-excision repair, DNA ligation

The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine.


monocyclic sesterterpenediol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monocyclic sesterterpenediol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


pancreatic D cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic D cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic D cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide stimulus.


neomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving neomycin.


neural plate formation

The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


(-)-secologanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secologanin.


protein denucleotidylation

The removal of a nucleotide from a protein amino acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


L-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-arabitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.


trans-synaptic signaling via exosome

Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,5S)-carveol + NAD+ = (S)-carvone + H+ + NADH.


slit diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


high-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


nitrogenase P cluster assembly

The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide.


acetoin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.


regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


beta-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides.


adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + glutathione disulfide + H+ + sulfite = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + 2 glutathione.


cytochrome b6f complex assembly

Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol = 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + H2.


sulfoquinovose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction sulfoquinovose = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose.


ceramide 1-phosphate transfer activity

Removes a ceramide 1-phosphate from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


aspartate-tRNA(Asn) ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Asx) + L-aspartate + ATP = aspartyl-tRNA(Asx) + diphosphate + AMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosanguinarine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + H2O + NADP+.


mesonephric nephron epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros.


plasma membrane raft polarization

The clustering and aggregation of a plasma membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


campest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campest-4-en-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + H2O + NADP.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


N-acetylmuramic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + O2 <=> 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + dialuric acid.


post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O.


structural constituent of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde.


very long chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a very long chain acyl-CoA = a very long chain carboxylate + CoA. A very long chain has chain length greater than C18.


bundle sheath cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a bundle sheath cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.


regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm. Caudovirales carry an ejection apparatus that can be long and contractile, long and noncontractile, or short, and is able to penetrate the host cell envelope to deliver the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm.


arsonoacetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that decreases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


NAD-dependent histone H3K18 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 18 of the histone H3 protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = L-2-acetamido-6-oxopimelate + CoA.


gene conversion at mating-type locus

The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.


endoplasmic reticulum polarization

The endoplasmic reticulum organization process that results in the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum being oriented in the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum polarization serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


galacturonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


negative regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


nucleus accumbens development

The progression of the nucleus accumbens over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The nucleus accumbens is a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia.


myoblast proliferation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


positive regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


ergothioneine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


G protein-coupled olfactory receptor activity

Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


maintenance of stationary phase

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction. Stationary phase can be in response to limited nutrients or a build-up of toxic substances in the environment.


ATPase-coupled lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(out).


negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.


anthraniloyl-CoA monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA + H2O + 2 NADP+.


regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment.


norepinephrine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


endogalactosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosaminidic linkages in poly(D-galactosamine).


ATP-dependent FeS chaperone activity

Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


achromobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


mandibular condyle articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mandibular joint condyle articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


3-chlorocatechol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chlorocatechol.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [glycoprotein]-(L-serine/L-threonine).


mycotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an anthocyanin = UDP + an anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates suggests N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues are esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme M = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methyl-coenzyme M. 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate is also known as methyl-CoM.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP + a reduced coenzyme F420 <=> NADPH + H+ + an oxidized coenzyme F420.


diaminopimelate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E,E)-geranylgeraniol + ATP = H+ + all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + ADP.


metanephric DCT cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


protein localization to ERGIC

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).


Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] 4'-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UMP.


cellular response to sucrose starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.


root meristem specification

The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root.


O antigen ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Lipid A-core + colanic acid = MLPS.


beta-zeacarotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-zeacarotene.


mucosal tolerance induction

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal tissues.


inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytoceramide + inositol phosphate = inositol phosphoceramide + diacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in isolichenin, pseudonigeran and nigeran.


manchette disassembly

The disaggregation of a manchette into its constituent components.


branched-chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.


protein-phosphocysteine-mannosylglycerate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + mannosylglycerate(out) = protein cysteine + mannosylglycerate phosphate(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 4-sulfobenzyl alcohol.


fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized.


diamine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha,omega-diamine + 2-oxoglutarate = an omega-aminoaldehyde + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + CMP-N-acetylneuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + CMP. Alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide is also known as GM3.


tryprostatin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryprostatin A.


decylcitrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + lauroyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = (2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin-3-O-D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside + UDP-D-glucose = cyanidin-3-O-[D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside]-5-O-D-glucoside + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H(2) + menaquinone = reduced menaquinone.


taurine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.


positive regulation of protein folding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.


Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanate + H2O = (7R)-7-aminocephalosporanate + glutarate.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate = succinate semialdehyde + alanine.


pyranose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-glucose + H2O2.


5' deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage immediately 5' to pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.


regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-leucine + ATP <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-leucine + diphosphoric acid + AMP.


short descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology.


naringenin chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone <=> UDP + 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + H+.


response to silver ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.


glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


negative regulation of Golgi lumen acidification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N6-acetyl-L-lysine + CoA + H+.


D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate.


sex-specific pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane + HCl = 1,3(R),4(S),5(S),6(R)-pentachlorocyclohexene.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H+ + NADH.


cartilage homeostasis

A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within cartilage, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + NAD <=> H+ + UDP-3-keto-alpha-D-glucose + NADH.


The formation of a protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine.


acetylpyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + H+ + pyruvate.


isobazzanene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> isobazzanene + diphosphoric acid.


xanthine binding

Binding to xanthine, a purine base.


dTMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate.


(3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


uropod retraction

The process in which a uropod detaches from the cell substrate and retracts the rear of a migrating cell.


positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.


stem vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the stem of vascular plants.


positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


membrane repolarization during bundle of His cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


sepal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sepal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lipid droplet disassembly

The disaggregation of a lipid particle into its constituent components.


positive aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen.


pinene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.


anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.


sebum secreting cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of sebocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A sebocyte is an epithelial cell that makes up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum.


acetyl-CoA synthetase acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.


VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


6-oxocineole dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxocineole + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 1,6,6-trimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one + H2O + NADP+.


thiamine diphosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = AMP + thiamine diphosphate.


tracheoesophageal septum formation

The process that gives rise to the tracheoesophageal septum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


negative adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-beta-glucoside phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + beta-glucoside(out) = protein histidine + beta-glucoside phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


p-coumaroyltriacetic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O + 3 malonyl-CoA <=> 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide + p-coumaroyltriacetate.


molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


negative regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling

The process in which peroxisome targeting sequence receptors dissociates from cargo proteins and are returned to the cytosol.


germ cell attraction

The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target.


catechol-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol. Catechol is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with hydroxamate and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).


cellular response to gold(3+)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.


flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3'-hydroxyflavonoid + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of mating type switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane carbohydrate

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a carbohydrate on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.


3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + 3-oxoadipate = succinate + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + 2-oxoglutarate = indolepyruvate + L-glutamate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-glucose + H+ = D-glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. D-glucose is the dextrorotatory D-enantiomer of glucose.


cucurbitacin delta23-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin + NAD(P)+ = cucurbitacin + NAD(P)H + H+.


hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD+ + palmitaldehyde = H+ + NADH + palmitoyl-CoA.


octopine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.


positive regulation of Golgi lumen acidification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin = NADPH + H+ + 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin.


purine-specific nucleoside:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: purine(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


GDP-L-fucose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + NAD+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + H2O + NAD+.


positive regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


omega-hydroxypalmitate O-sinapoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl-CoA + 16-hydroxypalmitate <=> coenzyme A + 16-sinapoyloxypalmitate.


immune receptor activity

Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an immune response.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling in absence of ligand

The series of molecular signals beginning with a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex, where the G protein-coupled receptor is not bound to an agonist.


ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide

The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps in which gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide is formed as an intermediate.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.


24-methylenelophenol methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenelophenol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


hydroxypyruvate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate.


cardiac cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of cardiac cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


ABC-type sulfate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + sulfate(in).


specification of pronephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA <=> pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside-5-O-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A(4-).


histone H2AK5 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


positive regulation of defecation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + isoorientin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + isoscoparin.


smooth septate junction assembly

The assembly of a smooth septate junction, a septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.


DNA-deoxyinosine glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free hypoxanthine.


pectate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + a pectate oligosaccharide with 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of pectate to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends.


dynorphin receptor activity

Combining with a dynorphin peptide, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Dynorphin is any opioid peptide that is generated by cleavage of the precursor protein prodynorphin.


effector-mediated defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of reactive oxygen species produced by the host as part of its innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


defense response

Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


response to ketamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketamine stimulus.


alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor.


histone H3K9 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


detection of cold stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a cold stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


chromatin extrusion motor activity

A DNA translocase activity that folds chromosomal DNA and catalytically extends the newly formed loop, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a medium-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


detection of misfolded protein

The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


gamma-delta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


mitochondrial tRNA wobble uridine modification

The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-(methylsulfinyl)benzothiazole.


symmetric neuroblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two equi-potent daughter cells.


gerfelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gerfelin.


negative regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


L-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


primary heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


smooth muscle derived foam cell differentiation

The process in which a smooth muscle cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


biliverdin reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NADP+ = biliverdin + NADPH + H+.


flavonol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.


starch biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.


arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + reduced glutaredoxin = arsenite + oxidized glutaredoxin. Glutaredoxin functions as the electron donor for arsenate reduction. The electron flow therefore is ( NADPH -> glutathione reductase (EC:1.6.4.2) -> ) glutathione -> glutaredoxin -> arsenate reductase, i.e. glutathione is reduced by glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin is reduced by glutathione.


multicellular organismal process

Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.


mannonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.


anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + 4'''-demalonylsalvianin.


ATPase-coupled nonpolar-amino acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nonpolar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + nonpolar amino acid(in).


bulbus arteriosus morphogenesis

The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


tetrahydroberberine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydroberberine + 2 O2 = berberine + 2 H2O2.


regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction

Any process, involved in skeletal muscle contraction, that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


beta3-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta3-adrenergic receptors.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-nona-2,4-dienoate + H2O = butyrate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H+.


amylosucrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = D-fructose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


transforming growth factor beta activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) from its latent state. TGF-beta is secreted as part of a large latent complex (LLC) that is targeted to the extracellular matrix. Release of TGFbeta from its latent state is required for TGFbeta to bind to its receptors, and can occur by a variety of mechanisms.


ribonuclease F activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA precursor into two, leaving 5'-hydroxy and 3'-phosphate groups.


butirosin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butirosin.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylacetanilide + 1/2 O2 = acetanilide + acetone.


gibberellin A9,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A51 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


argininosuccinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + H+(out) = sucrose(in) + H+(in).


L-lysine catabolic process using lysine 6-aminotransferase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including alpha-aminoadipate; in this pathway, L-lysine is converted to 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde by lysine 6-aminotransferase.


positive regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of mating type switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.


phthiocerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phthiocerol, a lipid-based 1,3-glycol consisting of (3S,4R)-3-methoxy-4-methylnonacosane having (9R)- and (11S)-hydroxy substituents.


trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by nitric oxide.


mesonephric renal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


2,4-dichloroaniline reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloroaniline + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 4-chloroaniline + HCl.


phosphatidylcholine flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylcholine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give random double-stranded fragments with terminal 5' or 3' protrusions, driven by ATP hydrolysis. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site. Cleavage may occur hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site due to translocation of DNA.


regulation of ductus arteriosus closure

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.


long-chain fatty acid [acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier protein] = AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


activated T cell autonomous cell death

A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.


tyrosine biosynthetic process, by oxidation of phenylalanine

The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


type IV hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate = NADP+ + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate.


eggshell chorion gene amplification

Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster.


positive regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.


negative regulation of phospholipid efflux

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.


response to arachidonic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.


histone H3K9me2/H3K9me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


dethiobiotin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dethiobiotin from one side of a membrane to the other.


maturation of 4.5S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 4.5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 4.5S rRNA molecule.


citrazinate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = cis-aconitamide.


maintenance of ciliary planar beating movement pattern

Any process involved in maintaining the planar beating pattern of ciliary movement pattern. Connection between the outer doublets and the central pair via the radial spokes constrains ciliary movement to the planar beating pattern. Cilia that lack this connection, such as those in the embryonic node or Kupfer's vesicle, display radial movement.


protein-phycourobilin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins.


regulation of immune system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


paramyosin filament assembly or disassembly

The formation or disassembly of a filament composed of paramyosin molecules.


rRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III + benzoyl-CoA = 10-deacetylbaccatin III + CoA.


neuron migration involved in dendrite retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


detection of hydrogen ion

The series of events in which a hydrogen ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


RNA trimethylguanosine cap binding

Binding to the trimethylguanosine (m(3)(2,2,7)-GTP) group located at the 5' end of some RNA molecules. Such trimethylated cap structures, generally produced by posttranscriptional modification of a 7-methylguanosine cap, are often found on snRNAs and snoRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II, but have also be found on snRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III. They have also been found on a subset of the mRNA population in some species, e.g. C. elegans.


negative regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


acrolein reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acrolein + NADPH + H+ <=> propanal + NADP.


D-lysine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: aminodeoxyfutalosinate + H2O <=> dehypoxanthine futalosine + adenine.


virus baseplate assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus baseplate.


FMN catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


axial mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an axial mesoderm cell.


epothilone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.


biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.


imaginal disc-derived genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.


tricyclene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> tricyclene + diphosphoric acid.


P-type monovalent copper transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cu+(out).


negative regulation of receptor localization to synapse

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-zeatin + H+ + UDP.


positive regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.


FMN adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + FMN = diphosphate + FAD.


rhombomere 6 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 6 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


S-adenosylmethionine-dependent tRNA (m5U54) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing thymine at position U54 of a transfer RNA. This occurs in most Gram-negative bacteria, some archae, and eukaryotes.


aspyridone A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone A.


anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor

The oxidation of ammonium (NH4) to nitrogen (N2) in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite (NO2) as the electron acceptor. It is suggested that hydroxylamine and ammonium are combined to yield hydrazine, which is subsequently oxidized to N2.


ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


zymogen activation in another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form in another organism.


deoxycytidyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the insertion of a dCMP residue opposite a template abasic site in DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + 2 H+ = CO2 + phosphonoacetaldehyde.


inositol 1-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-1-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


sulcatone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + sulcatol = H+ + NADH + sulcatone.


camalexin binding

Binding to camalexin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(phosphonooxy)-threonine + NAD+ = 2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutyrate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) + N-terminal L-arginyl-[protein] = H+ + N-terminal L-leucyl-L-arginyl-[protein] + tRNA(Leu). Can also transfer the leucyl residue on an N-terminal L-lysyl residue.


trans assembly of SL-containing precatalytic spliceosome

Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the SL RNA and the pre-mRNA to be joined, as well as all the spliceosomal snRNPs involved in trans leader splicing. Formation of the trans leader spliceosome brings together the quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and the complex of the U2 snRNP with the splice site of the pre-mRNA.


manoyl oxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxycopalyl diphosphate = (13R)-manoyl oxide + diphosphate.


pyridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.


maintenance of alignment of postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone

The process by which alignment between postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone is maintained.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a blood vessel endothelial cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis.


arginine catabolic process to proline via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline, via ornithine.


arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.


formaldehyde assimilation

The pathways in which formaldehyde is processed and used as a carbon source for the cell.


positive regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


positive regulation of iron export across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-6-methylthiohexanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(4'-methylthio)butylmalate + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + H2O + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene + H+ + NADPH.


hypoglossal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the hypoglossal nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


regulation of olfactory learning

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of olfactory learning. Olfactory learning is any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.


regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.


intranuclear rod assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an intranuclear rod.


latent virus replication

Any process required for latent viral replication in a cell.


diacetylchitobiose deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNac2) + H2O = acetate + 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcN-GlcNAc).


Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 15-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.


2-iminobutanoate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iminobutanoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+).


choriogonadotropin hormone receptor activity

Combining with the choriogonadotropin hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of developmental vegetative growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


chemoattraction of branchiomotor axon

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine + GDP + H+.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host canonical NF-kappaB cascade

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a canonical  NF-kappaB-mediated signaling cascade in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to (R)-carnitine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an (R)-carnitine stimulus.


response to pulsatile fluid shear stress

Any response to fluid shear stress where the fluid is flowing across a solid surface with periodic variations. For example, the endothelium in straight parts of the artery tree is subjected to pulsatile shear stress with a significant forward direction, which is believed to be an important physiological stimulus enhancing vessel compliance and conferring anti-thrombotic, anti-adhesive, and anti-inflammatory effects.


Catalysis of 5-taurinomethyluridine in tRNA + a [protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine in tRNA + a [protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


(S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.


capsanthin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsanthin.


high-affinity IgM receptor activity

Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


homomethionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.


The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.


negative regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs constantly, regardless of environmental conditions or demands.


ureidoglycolate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + glyoxylate + 2 NH4.


cellular response to cobalamin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate + O2 = H+ + (Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-sulfonatophenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.


aspartate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = fumarate + NH3.


positive regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + coniferyl aldehyde = H+ + coniferaldehyde glucoside + UDP.


reproductive blastospore formation

The formation of a spore following the marked enlargement of part of a cell before separation by a septum. Blastospores are a type of asexual spore found in some fungi, most notably the class Glomeromycota.


L-dopa O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methyldopa + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkenyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine + CoA.


neuroinflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction by neural vertebrate tissue to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


negative regulation of gastric emptying

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any gastric emptying process, the process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 2-carboxybenzaldehyde + pyruvate.


arogenate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate = L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2.


DCT cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a distal convoluted tubule cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ = 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + scytalone = NADPH + H+ + 1,3,6,8-naphthalenetetrol.


snRNA 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + snRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing a 2'-O-nucleotide.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.


meiotic anaphase I

The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I.


linoleate 8R-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + linoleate = (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: An oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = a linoleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


hepatocyte growth factor production

The appearance of hepatocyte growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.