alcoholic (Laennec's) cirrhosis with ascites

A disorder of the liver secondary to the excessive consumption of ethanol that is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.


Ductal plate malformation

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A congenital disorder of the intrahepatic bile ducts characterized by abnormal embryonal development of the ductal plates.


Hepatic Infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the liver.


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-L complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


brahma complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the Drosophila brm (brahma) or mammalian SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, or an ortholog thereof.


diarylmethane

Any compound containing two aryl groups connected by a single C atom.


Dextromethadone

A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.


Levomethadone

A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine.


left kidney

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition].


Two Separate Tumor Masses Present in the Same Organ

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A finding indicating the presence of two separate tumor masses in the same organ.


Stage IIIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1-3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastrointestinal malfunction arising from mental factors

A dysfunction in gastrointestinal function that is due to a psychological process.


presumptive mesencephalic artery

Precursor to mesencephalic artery.


Childhood Cystic Nephroma

A cystic nephroma that occurs in very young children.


Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy

A benign neoplasm of the kidney occurring in infants. It develops as an intracalyceal mass and is characterized by the presence of osteoid formation, osteoblast-like cells, and spindle cells.


Malignant Esophageal Neoplasm by Anatomic Region


Cervical Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the cervical esophagus.


Fluorobenzene

Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.


choroid plexus of fourth ventricle

Choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle.


vasculature

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face.


vasculature of organ

A vasculature that is part of a organ.


choroid plexus of lateral ventricle

Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle.


choroid plexus of tectal ventricle

A choroid plexus that is part of a cerebral aqueduct.


choroid plexus of third ventricle

Part of choroid plexus contained in the third ventricle.


rectal venous plexus

The hemorrhoidal plexus (or rectal venous plexus) surrounds the rectum, and communicates in front with the vesical venous plexus in the male, and the uterovaginal plexus in the female. A free communication between the portal and systemic venous systems is established through the hemorrhoidal plexus.


vasculature of central nervous system plus retina


vasculature of head

Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].


utricle of membranous labyrinth

The larger of the two otolith organs in the vestibule.


Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal Pelvis Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to renal pelvis urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, including histologic variants micropapillary and nested subtypes. It does not apply to renal cell carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), renal medullary carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), collecting duct carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney),  lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mesenchymal tumors (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


small cell carcinoma of kidney

A very rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the kidney.


Unresectable Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T1 or T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0 or N1, M0).  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T2: Lesions have been divided into T2a and T2b.  T2a is defined as tumor more than 7 cm but less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T2b is defined as tumor greater than 10 cm, limited to the kidney.  T3: Tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia. Lesions have been divided into T3a, T3b, and T3c. T3a: Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3b: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava below the diaphragm. T3c: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage III Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or the renal parenchyma.  N0: No lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

Kidney medullary carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that develops in a patient with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.


Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

A renal cell carcinoma characterized by morphologic features that do not fit easily into one of the other well-defined categories of renal cell carcinoma. Examples of such features include mixtures of morphologic patterns, mucin production, and sarcomatoid morphology.


Refractory Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Metastatic Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invading beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 4 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by extreme nuclear pleomorphism and/or sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid differentiation and/or tumor giant cells. (WHO, 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Recurrent Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

Reemergence of renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


TFEB-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare renal cell carcinoma affecting young patients. It is characterized by the presence of the specific chromosomal translocation t(6;11);(p21;q12) which fuses the MALAT1 gene with the TFEB transcription factor gene.


Unresectable Kidney Carcinoma

Kidney carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


BAP1-Mutant Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is associated with a mutation in BAP1 gene. These tumors are typically high grade and associated with poor outcome.


Metastatic Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Stage I Renal Cell Carcinoma

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Locally Advanced Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

Unclassified renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

Papillary renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;17)(p11.2;q25)

A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;q25) resulting in fusion of the ASPL and TFE3 genes.


Clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma

A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage II Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Kidney Carcinoma

The reemergence of kidney carcinoma after a period of remission.


High Grade Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


Locally Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with inv(X)(p11;q12)

A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the inv(X)(p11;q12) resulting in fusion of the NONO (p54nrb) and TFE3 genes.


Metastatic Kidney Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the kidney and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Non-Hereditary Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

The most common type of renal cell carcinoma, characterized by a loss of genetic material of the short arm of chromosome 3.  The most common symptom at the time of diagnosis is hematuria.  The tumor has a golden-yellow color because of the abundance of intracytoplasmic lipid.  This is a clinically aggressive type of renal cell carcinoma.  The tumor usually metastasizes to unusual sites and late metastasis is common.


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Lesions have been divided into T2a and T2b.  T2a is defined as tumor more than 7 cm but less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T2b is defined as tumor greater than 10 cm, limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Renal Cell Carcinoma with Constitutional Chromosome 3 Translocations

A renal cell carcinoma with constitutional chromosome 3 translocations.


Locally Advanced Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Refractory Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Metastatic Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

Unclassified renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

Kidney medullary carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III renal cell cancer

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3a, N0, M0); (T3a, N1, M0); (T3b, N0, M0); (T3b, N1, M0); (T3c, N0, M0); (T3c, N1, M0). T3: Tumor extends into major veins or invades adrenal gland or perinephric tissues but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3a: Tumor directly invades adrenal gland or perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3b: Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or vena cava below the diaphragm.  T3c: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Metastasis in a single regional lymph node. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th Ed.)


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of kidney cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to carcinomas arising in the kidney. It does not apply to urothelial carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for renal pelvis and ureter), lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), sarcomas (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs), and Wilms tumor (no AJCC staging system). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic Renal Pelvis Carcinoma

Renal pelvis carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Metastatic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

A papillary renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor more than 7 cm in greatest dimension limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th Ed.)


Recurrent Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

The reemergence of kidney medullary carcinoma after a period of remission.


Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;1)(p11.2;q21)

A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;q21) resulting in fusion of the PRCC and TFE3 genes.


Renal Pelvis Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Refractory Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

A kidney medullary carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Grade 3 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by nucleoli conspicuous and eosinophilic at x 100 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage III Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or into the renal parenchyma. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Transplant-Related Renal Cell Carcinoma

A renal cell carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Metastasis in a single regional lymph node.  N2: Metastasis in more than one regional lymph node.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;1)(p11.2;p34)

A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;p34) resulting in fusion of the PSF and TFE3 genes.


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of renal cell cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma

A very rare renal cell carcinoma that usually affects young adults. It is characterized by the presence of vacuolated, eosinophilic to clear neoplastic cells and loss of immunohistochemical expression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) B. In most cases germline mutations in an SDH gene (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, or SDHD gene) are present. It has a relatively good prognosis.


Unresectable Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland).  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Grade 2 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by nucleoli conspicuous and eosinophilic at x 400 magnification, and visible but not prominent at x 100 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Grade 1 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by absent or inconspicuous and basophilic nucleoli at x 400 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis Carcinoma

Renal pelvis carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Kidney Carcinoma

Kidney carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal cell carcinoma recurrent

A reemergence of renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the kidney to other anatomic sites.


Kidney Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the kidney. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Stage IV Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into perinephric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Recurrent Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Unresectable Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T2: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T3: Tumor extending into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of renal cell cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage I Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: T1, M0, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Refractory Kidney Carcinoma

Kidney carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


calcaneofibular ligament

A skeletal ligament that connects the fibula to the calcaneus.


Invasive Adenocarcinoma in Adenomatous Polyp

An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises in an adenomatous polyp.


ansa cervicalis

A loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus that lies superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath. Branches from the ansa cervicalis innervate three of the four infrahyoid muscles, including the sternohyoid muscle, the sternothyroid muscle, and the omohyoid muscle.


Skullcap Lesion

A neoplastic, inflammatory, or vascular process in the roof of the skull.


tubovesicular membrane network

A complex, symbiont-induced host-derived organelle that is comprised of multiple protein and lipid domains.


Gallbladder Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm, High Grade

An intracholecystic papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial atypia.


Gestational diabetes mellitus class A1

Carbohydrate intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. Diagnosis from abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) but normal glucose levels when fasting and two hours post-prandial. Euglycemia achieved with diet and/or exercise.


Carcinomatosis of peritoneal cavity

A condition in which a carcinoma has spread extensively throughout the peritoneum.


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Maturation

An acute myeloid leukemia with maturation occurring in children.


Type B Lymphomatoid Papulosis

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized by an epidermotropic infiltrate composed of small atypical cerebriform-like lymphocytes.


Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma MYCN

An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by the expression of MYCN molecular signature.


Retropharyngeal Abscess

An abscess that develops in the soft tissues behind the posterior pharyngeal wall.


Factor IX Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor IX in the blood.


Benign neoplasm of adnexa of skin

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or sweat glands.  Representative examples include cylindroma, hidrocystoma, hidradenoma, and sebaceoma.


Adult Grade I Meningioma

A grade I meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


Recurrent Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

The reemergence of lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Decreased Expression

An indication that the expression of a gene, transcript or protein is lower than a previous value or a normal range of values.


Torturing Pain

A sensation of having discomfort or distress inflicted upon an individual.


High Grade Appendix Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A mucinous adenocarcinoma that arises from the appendix. The malignant cells are numerous and exhibit high grade dysplasia.  It may be associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei, but unlike the low grade mucinous neoplasm, it invades other organs and metastasizes to distant anatomic sites.


Pneumocephalus

The presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity.


Recurrent Malignant Abdominal Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant abdominal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Adult Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in adults.


Elevated LIF

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of LIF in a sample.


Adenomatous hyperplasia

Proliferation of the glandular epithelial cells.


Stage IIB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum, including the acellular mucin or mucinous epithelium involving the serosa of the appendix or serosa of the mesoappendix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Posterior Subcapsular Cataract Grade 4

A stage of posterior subcapsular cataract characterized by greater than 50% of the posterior capsule obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Stage IIA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T2, M0, Risk factors: low risk.  T2: Tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Retroperitoneum injury with open wound into cavity

Trauma to  retroperitoneal tissue associated with a wound that extends into the retroperitoneal space.


Adult Giant Cell Glioblastoma

A giant cell glioblastoma occurring in adults.


Moderate Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

Evidence of moderate retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) of the heart. (ACC)


Recurrent Anal Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of anal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to vagina

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the vagina from another anatomic site.


Ampulla of Vater Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of ampulla of Vater cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system does not apply to well-differentiated neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors but does apply to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, such as small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Recurrent Malignant Spermatic Cord Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant spermatic cord neoplasm after a period of remission.


Malignant Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Small Cleaved Cell


Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma

A melanoma of the skin that is not confined to the dermal-epidermal junction, and has infiltrated the dermis.


Non-Hematologic Toxicity

A toxicity that impairs or damages other than the hematologic system.


FIGO Stage I Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Lesion is confined to the uterus.


Sweating fever

A febrile response accompanied by diaphoresis.


Recurrent Gliomatosis Cerebri

The reemergence of gliomatosis cerebri after a period of remission.


Lacrimal Gland Oncocytoma

A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of oncocytic cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm.


Fallopian Tube Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the fallopian tube.  Representative examples include acute and chronic salpingitis, salpingitis isthmica nodosa, and endometriosis.


Prosthetic valve endocarditis

Endocarditis occurring on parts of a valve prosthesis or a reconstructed heart valve; it can be classified into early and late prosthetic valve endocarditis.


Primary cutaneous CD4 positive small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder

A primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.  It usually presents with a solitary plaque or tumor on the face, neck, or upper trunk.  Morphologically, it is composed of small to medium-sized CD4-positive, CD8-negative, and CD30-negative pleomorphic T-lymphocytes.  A small number of large pleomorphic T-lymphocytes may also be present.  The lymphocytic infiltrate is dermal.  Focal epidermotropism and subcutaneous involvement may be present.  The clinical behavior is almost always indolent and most patients present with localized disease.


Infection by methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

A bacterial infection that is caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is susceptible to methicillin.


Refractory Leukemia

Leukemia that is resistant to treatment.


Locally Advanced Unresectable Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Diffuse Astrocytoma

A diffuse astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIC Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: T1-T2, N2c, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). N2c: Lymph node(s) metastasis with extranodal extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, LIMB-GIRDLE, TYPE 1C

A sub-type of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy caused by mutation(s) in the CAV3 gene, encoding caveolin-3.


congenital malformation syndromes due to known exogenous causes

A syndrome characterized by the presence of structural malformations that are present at birth and can be attributed to an exogenous cause.


Nagging Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that is persistent and continuous.


Recurrent Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma after a period of remission.


Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary

An adenocarcinoma which has metastasized from an unknown primary anatomic site.


Low Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the proliferation of secretory cells with irregular spacing in the ducts and acini.  Although some proliferating epithelial cells may contain prominent nucleoli, the cytologic atypia and architectural growth patterns that are seen in the high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia are absent.  The presence of low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in needle biopsy is not a risk factor for the subsequent detection of carcinoma on repeat biopsy.


Stage IV Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent WHO Grade 2 Glioma

The reemergence of WHO grade 2 glioma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Glioma

The reemergence of a glioma after a period of remission.


Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(8;21); (q22; q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1

An acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22; q22.1) occurring in adults.


Increased Corpora Lutea

An increase in the number of corpora lutea within the ovary.


Pathologic Stage IIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Herpes esophagitis

Esophagitis resulting from exposure to herpes virus.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Tumor extending to pelvic wall and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney (unless known to be due to another cause). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Bone Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm arising from the bone.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


Bladder Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of bladder cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to carcinomas arising in the bladder. The typical carcinoma of the bladder is urothelial carcinoma. These carcinomas may include other histologic elements, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, but should be classified as urothelial unless the cancer is composed entirely of the alternative histology. All histologic cell types that are derived primarily from the urinary bladder epithelium should follow this staging system. It does not apply to prostatic urothelial carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for urethra), lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and sarcomas (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs).  (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Bronchial Fistula

An abnormal communication between the bronchus and another organ or anatomic site.


Advanced Gastric Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A gastric large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Type IV Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in which the right and left pulmonary arteries drain into different sites.


Refractory Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage I

Stage I includes: (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T1-2a, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X).  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less. cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  Gleason X: Gleason score cannot be processed.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IA Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0, G1, G2, GX.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G1: Well differentiated-low grade.  G2: Moderately differentiated-low grade.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


lymphomatoid papulosis, type A

A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized by the presence of scattered anaplastic large lymphocytes, often resembling Reed-Sternberg cells, admixed with acute and chronic inflammatory cells.


Intra-Abdominal Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the abdominal cavity.


Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors arising in the pancreas. Carcinomas of the pancreas, including high-grade (grade 3), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage III Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T3, N0, M0); IIIB (T1-3, N1, M0). T3: Tumor perforates the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invades the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts.  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscular layer.  T2: Tumor invades perimuscular connective tissue; no extension beyond serosa or into liver. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastases to nodes along the cystic duct, common bile duct, hepatic artery, and/or portal vein.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Non-T Non-B CALLA Negative Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Non-T non-B, CALLA negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


Metastatic Human Papillomavirus-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that is associated with human papillomavirus infection and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Adult Ependymal Tumor

An ependymal tumor of the central nervous system occurring in adults.


Impatent structure

A congenital anatomic defect characterised by the absence of a normally present opening in an organ or tissue.


Stage IIIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


P3 Hydronephrosis

Postnatal Hydronephrosis with the following clinical findings: 1) calyceal dilation and the ureter are the same as those in UTD P2, 2) the renal parenchymal is thinned, has increased echogenicity and/or has decreased corticomedullary differentiation, or 3) the bladder is abnormal (wall thickening, ureterocele, posterior urethral dilation). Cases in which there are parenchymal abnormalities but the APRPD is less than 15 mm, are classified as UTD P3. (Adapted from: Hiep T. Nguyen, Carol B. Benson, Bryann Bromley, Jeffrey B. Campbell, Jeanne Chow, Beverly Coleman, Christopher Cooper, Jude Crino, Kassa Darge, C.D. Anthony Herndon, Anthony O. Odibo, Michael J.G. Somers, Deborah R. Stein; Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system); Pediatric Urology; December 2014 Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 982-998)


Tumor associated fever

Non-infectious pyrexia secondary to malignancy; it may be attributable to cytokines elaborated by neoplasms, and is a diagnosis of exclusion.


High Grade Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Ureter urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


Stage IIIC2 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC2 includes: T1-T3, N2/N2mi/N2a, M0. T1: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor confined to the corpus uteri, including endocervical glandular involvement. T2: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the stromal connective tissue of the cervix but not extending beyond the uterus. Does not include endocervical glandular involvement. T3: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor involving serosa, adnexa, vagina, or parametrium. N2: Regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes. N2mi: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 0.2 mm but not greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes. N2a: Regional lymph node metastasis (greater than 2.0 mm in diameter) to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Neck Mass

An abnormal growth in the neck.


Stage II Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Testicular Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumor, Incompletely Differentiated

A sex cord-stromal tumor of the testis in which the neoplastic cells do not show specific differentiation.


Refractory Microsatellite Stable Endometrial Carcinoma

Microsatellite stable endometrial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Subgaleal haematoma

A collection of blood between the scalp and the skull periosteum.


Naso-palatine duct cyst

A non-odontogenic cyst of developmental origin that arises in the midline of the anterior maxilla. It is found exclusively in the midline of the anterior hard palate. (WHO 2017)


Unresectable Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Malignant lymphoma, diffuse

An antiquated term referring to non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a diffuse architectural pattern.


Retinopathy of Prematurity with Plus Disease

A stage of retinopathy of prematurity characterized by the presence of the following in at least two quadrants around the optic nerve: dilation and tortuosity of major retinal vasculature as a result of increased blood flow.


Ampulla of Vater Undifferentiated Carcinoma with Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells

A rare variant of undifferentiated carcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater. It is characterized by the presence of non-neoplastic, histiocytic, osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells.


High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

A precancerous neoplastic process characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplastic cytological changes which extend to the upper part of the squamous epithelium.  Maturation at the surface of the squamous epithelium may or may not be present.  Representative examples include the high grade esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, and high grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.


Solar Radiation-Related Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma arising in a skin site exposed to solar radiation.


Locally Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Sexually Transmitted Chlamydial Disease

A chlamydial infection that was sexually transmitted.


Recurrent Malignant Genitourinary System Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant genitourinary system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Unresectable Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A gastric adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Enteropathogenic E coli Infection

A pathotype of Escherichia coli, which is a gram-negative bacteria that is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. It has an incubation period of 9-12 hours and a duration of 12 days. Symptoms may include persistent severe acute diarrhea.


Biliary Fistula

An abnormal communication between the bile ducts and another organ or cavity.


Spindle Cell/Pleomorphic Lipoma

A benign lipomatous neoplasm characterized by the presence of an admixture of mature adipose tissue and bland spindle cells.  The pleomorphic variant contains in addition multinucleated giant cells.  It usually arises in the neck and upper trunk in older males.


Stage IIIC1 Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC1 includes: T1-T3, N1, M0.  T1: Tumor confined to corpus uteri.  T2: Tumor invades stromal connective tissue of the cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  T3: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa, vagina, or parametrial tissue. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Skin Cancer

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor size greater than 2 cm in greatest dimension or tumor of any size with two or more high-risk features.  High-risk features for the primary tumor staging are defined as follows: depth/invasion of more than 2 mm thickness; Clark level equal or greater than IV; and perineural invasion.  Anatomic location: primary site ear and primary site non-hair-bearing lip.  Differentiation: poorly differentiated or undifferentiated.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Leakage

The unintentional discharge of a substance from a container or enclosed space.


Refractory Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Pseudomyxoma peritonei that is resistant to treatment.


Condylomatous carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern, hyperkeratosis, and koilocytosis.


Advanced Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Corn of toe

A thickening of the skin due to friction or pressure which results in the formation of a small, painful, raised bump associated with a conical mass pointing down into the dermis.


K ATP Channel-Associated Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus caused by activating mutation(s) in genes (KNCJ11 and/or ABCC8) encoding either of the 2 proteins (Kir6.2 and/or SUR1) that make up the pancreatic beta cell adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel, which is crucial for the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion.


Pathologic Stage IIIA Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N2, M0, Any G); (T2, N1, M0, Any G). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Malignant Choroid Plexus Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant choroid plexus neoplasm after a period of remission.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the extrahepatic bile duct epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


Regressed germ cell tumor

A testicular germ cell tumor that has undergone either partial or complete regression, resulting in the creation of a fibrotic nodule in the testis.


AIDS-Related Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising in HHV8-Positive Multicentric Castleman Disease

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease occurring in HIV-positive patients.


Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Giant Cells

An aggressive squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the prominence of malignant giant cells.


Neoplasms, Therapy-Associated

The development of a neoplasm in response to medical or surgical treatment, induced by the treatment itself.


Prevertebral Abscess

An abscess that develops in the tissues within the prevertebral fascia.


Unresectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Esophageal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage II Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Non-Severe Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia that is characterized by bone marrow cellularity less than 30% and does not meet criteria for severe aplastic anemia.


Acquired Bilateral Cataracts

Cataracts in both eyes that result from the aging process, an injury, or as a manifestation of a systemic disorder.


Gastric Fistula

An abnormal communication between the stomach and another organ or anatomic site.


Diabetes mellitus without complication

Diabetes mellitus that does not show any evidence of tissue or organ damage.


Stage IA Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Elevated Choriogonadotropin Subunit Beta

A finding indicating elevated concentrations of human chorionicgonadotropin subunit beta in a sample.


Advanced Sarcoma of the Extremity

A sarcoma of the soft tissues or bones of the upper or lower extremity that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma

A non-invasive serous carcinoma arising from the fallopian tube.


Birth Injuries

An injury sustained to a neonate during the birthing process.


Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis

The gradual, clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells carrying specific, disruptive, and recurrent genetic variants, in individuals without clear diagnosis of hematological malignancies. It is associated with an increased risk of developing hematologic cancers.


Secondary Cerebral Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the cerebral hemisphere following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Lesion

A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of tissue, organ, or body part.


Borderline Peritoneal Serous Tumor

A serous epithelial tumor that arises from the peritoneum and histologically resembles the serous borderline tumors that arise from the ovary.


Depletion of mitochondrial DNA

A genetically heterogenous group of disorders characterized by low mitochondrial DNA in specific tissues resulting in impaired energy production.


Pathologic Stage IIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to urethra

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the urethra from another anatomic site.


Broncho-esophageal fistula

An abnormal connection between a bronchus and the esophagus.


Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma

A hepatocellular adenoma that occurs more often in women.  It is characterized by increased levels of inflammation-associated proteins.  It is usually associated with steatosis and obesity.


Elevated Type I Collagen Cross-Linked N-Telopeptide

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of an increased level of the bone resorption marker type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx or NTxI) in a biological sample.


Marrow Toxic Injury

An injury to the bone marrow resulting from exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation or exposure to other hazardous material.


Non-Obstructed Megaureter

A megaureter in which there is no obstruction at the ureterovesical junction.


Refractory Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor involving serosa, adnexa, vagina, or parametrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Unresectable Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal canal squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgery.


Urinary System Carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the urinary system. Representative examples include kidney carcinoma and bladder carcinoma.


Recto-Vesico-Vaginal Fistula

An abnormal communication between the rectum, bladder, and vagina.


Chest Pain Along Right Lower Sternal Border

The location of the chest pain is along the right lower border of the sternum.


Broad Ligament Serous Adenofibroma

A rare serous adenofibroma arising from the broad ligament.


Acute Respiratory Distress

An abrupt onset of signs or symptoms indicating difficulty breathing including alterations in breath sounds and rate, chest retractions and color changes.


An adenocarcinoma associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


Recurrent Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma

The reemergence of primary cutaneous lymphoma after a period of remission.


Asymptomatic Infections

Infection associated with no detectable symptoms but caused by microorganisms capable of producing easily recognizable diseases, such a poliomyelitis or mumps.


Serum IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Less than 30g/L

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating that a serum IgM paraprotein concentration is less than 30g/L.


Stage IIB Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0, G2 or G3. T2: Tumor measuring more than 8 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated, high grade. G3: Poorly differentiated, high grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Tectal Glioma

A glioma that arises from the tectum mesenchephali.


Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes insipidus complicated by a deficient or absent thirst response to hyperosmolality, usually as a result of hypothalamic damage or dysfunction.


Recurrent Schwannoma

The reemergence of schwannoma after a period of remission.


Infant Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia

An acute biphenotypic leukemia that occurs in infancy.


Stage IV Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: (T1, N0, N1, M1); (T2, N0, N1, M1); (T3, N0, N1, M1); (T4, N0, N1, M1). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and is less than or equal to 1 cm in size. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or is greater than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance defined by the presence in the serum of an IgG, IgA, or (rarely) IgD paraprotein at a concentration of less than 30g/L; clonal bone marrow plasma cells less than 10%; and absence of end-organ damage such as hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, bone marrow lesions, and amyloidosis attributable to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. The risk of progression to plasma cell myeloma, light-chain amyloidosis, or a related disorder is 1% per year. (WHO 2017)


Metastatic Endometrial Mixed Cell Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial mixed cell adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Meningeal Lymphoma

Involvement of the meninges by Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


Radiation-induced xerostomia

Dryness of the oral mucosa secondary to radiation therapy.


Urinary System Paraganglioma

An extra-adrenal paraganglioma that arises from the urinary system.


Refractory Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Lymphoproliferative disorder that is resistant to treatment.


Penile Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the penis. Representative examples include phimosis, balanitis, and hypospadias.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of appendix

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes, intraperitoneal disease, lung, liver, or bone. It excludes metastasis to pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina, uterine serosa, or adnexa). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Neoplasm of broad ligament

A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the broad ligament.


Refractory Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive


Stage I Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

The carcinoma is strictly confined to the cervix (extension to the uterine corpus should be disregarded). (FIGO 2009)


Refractory Gliosarcoma

A gliosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Spinal vascular disorder

A disorder that is caused by pathologic changes in the spinal vasculature.


Kidney Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm arising from the kidney. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells with stippled chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitotic activity is low and tumor necrosis is absent.


Esophageal Schwannoma

A slowly growing, benign, usually encapsulated neoplasm arising from the esophagus.  Morphologically, it is composed of neoplastic differentiated Schwann cells.


Stage III Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (Any T, M1a, Risk factors: unknown); IIIA (Any T, M1a, Risk factors: low risk); IIIB (Any T, M1a, Risk factors: high risk).  M1a: Lung metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus

An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain that occurs as a later sequela of an intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage.


Delusional disorder, persecutory type

A subtype of delusional disorder characterized by the central delusional theme that the individual is being malevolently treated (for example, maligned, harassed, conspired against, poisoned or drugged) by another person or group.


Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, B/T, Not Otherwise Specified

A very rare mixed phenotype acute leukemia, not otherwise specified in which the blasts show clear-cut evidence of both B-cell and T-cell lineage. (WHO 2017)


Southern tick-associated rash illness

A putative Borrelia infection causing acute manifestations similar to Lyme disease, particularly erythema migrans, following the bite of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum.


Refractory Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Cervical Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of squamous cells, mucus producing cells, and cells of intermediate type.


Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of a gastric neuroendocrine tumor according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to gastric "carcinoid" tumors (NET G1 and G2, and rare well-differentiated G3). Gastric high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma are not included in this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Refractory AL Amyloidosis

AL amyloidosis that does not respond to treatment.


Pure Cutaneous Mastocytosis

Mastocytosis that manifests with pure cutaneous involvement.


Gastrointestinal Tract Acute Graft Versus Host Disease

Acute graft versus host disease occurring in the gastrointestinal tract.


Stage III Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a, N1, M0); (T3b, N1, M0); IIIB: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N2, M0). T1a: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi. T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. T3a: Tumor directly invading the pancreas (up to 0.5 cm). T3b: Tumor extending more than 0.5 cm into the pancreas, or extending into peripancreatic tissue or duodenal serosa without involvement of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery. T4: Tumor involving the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and/or common hepatic artery, irrespective of size. N1: Metastasis to one to three regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis to four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte predominance type stage III

Stage III adult Hodgkin disease means the involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which may also be accompanied by localized involvement of an associated extralymphatic organ or site (IIIE), by involvement of the spleen (IIIS), or by involvement of both (IIIE + S). Stage III disease may be subdivided by anatomic distribution of abdominal involvement or by extent of splenic involvement. Stage III(1) indicates involvement that is limited to the upper abdomen above the renal vein. Stage III(2) indicates involvement of pelvic and/or para-aortic nodes. Five or more visible splenic nodules on a cut section constitutes extensive splenic involvement. Zero to four nodules is classified as minimal splenic disease. (from PDQ)


Zoonoses

Infection by an etiologic agent that can be passed between animals and humans.


Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma

Carcinoma that affects the renal pelvis and ureter.


Bacterial pericarditis

Pericarditis that is caused by an infection with a bacterial agent.


Resectable Malignant Neoplasm

Malignant neoplasm that is amenable to surgical resection.


Breast Nevus

A benign melanocytic nevus that arises from the breast skin.


Adenocarcinoma in adenomatous polyp

A non-invasive or invasive adenocarcinoma arising from the neoplastic glandular cells in an adenomatous polyp.


Congenital facial nerve palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of an individual's face that is present at birth. It is caused by damage to the seventh cranial nerve.


Hypothyroxinemia

Decreased concentration of thyroxine.


Vulvar Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the vulva.


Peritoneal Infection

An infectious process affecting the peritoneum.


Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor invades mucosa of the bladder or rectum and/or extends beyond the true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient evidence to classify a tumor as T4).  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Advanced Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

Non-cutaneous melanoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Work shift change (disorder)

A subtype of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which the individual exhibits a normal endogenous pattern of sleep and wakefulness, but this pattern comes into conflict with the desired pattern of sleep and wakefulness required by shift work.


Corneal foreign body (disorder)

External material in or on the cornea.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with parametrial involvement but not up to the pelvic wall. (FIGO 2018)


Parapsoriasis en Plaques

A variant of parapsoriasis in which the plaques are large.


Unresectable Cutaneous Melanoma

A skin melanoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Cutaneous Perineurioma

A rare perineurioma arising from the skin.


Late Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Prosthetic valve endocarditis that occurs several months to years following valve replacement.


Radiation damage to artery

A damage to arteries caused by radiation therapy.


Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule of the Cervix

A rare, benign, non-neoplastic reactive lesion that develops in the cervix at the site of a prior operative procedure. It is composed of spindle cells, small blood vessels, and chronic inflammation.


Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Digestive System

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the digestive system from another anatomic site.


Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: Any T, N1-3, M0.  Stage III is divided into three pathologic subgroups: IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.  There are no clinical subgroups for stage III.  N1: Cutaneous melanoma with metastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2: Cutaneous melanoma with metastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Inflamed Juvenile Conjunctival Nevus

A compound nevus that arises from the conjunctiva in children and adolescents. It is characterized by the presence of chronic inflammatory features.


Unresectable Myxoid Liposarcoma

A myxoid liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III) that may also be accompanied by localized involvement of an extralymphatic organ or site (IIIE), by involvement of the spleen (IIIS), or both (IIIS+E). (from PDQ)


Appendix Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of appendiceal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to carcinomas of the appendix, including high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, and goblet cell carcinoids. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) are staged according to the classification for neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IA Vulvar Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage IA includes: Tia, N0, M0.  T1a: Tumor confined to the vulva or vulva and perineum, 2cm or less in greatest dimension, and with stromal invasion no greater than 1mm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Assault by firearms

A physical attack with a gun.


Adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason 7); (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Gleason equal or less than 7); (T2b, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X); IIB (T2c, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 20, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, Any PSA, Gleason equal or more than 8).  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less.  T2b: Tumor involves more than one-half of one lobe, but not both lobes.  T2c: Tumor involves both lobes.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason 7: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia).  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  Gleason equal or more than 8: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Long-Term Effects Secondary to Cancer Therapy

Side effects of cancer treatment occurring a long time after the treatment was completed.


Advanced Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant digestive system neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Subjective Fever

A symptom report of fever without an objective temperature measurement.


FIGO Stage III Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Lesion affects the lungs, with or without known genital structures invasion.


Childhood Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

A chronic myelogenous leukemia occurring during childhood.


Mucosal nodular melanoma

Nodular melanoma that arises from a mucosal site.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma with parametrial invasion. (FIGO 2009)


Stage IVB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, M1b, Risk factors: high risk.  M1b: All other distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Chest Pain Along Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the chest pain is along an imaginary vertical line that descends along the lateral aspect of the chest wall originating from the armpit.


Astler-Coller B3 Colon Carcinoma

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


FIGO Stage IIA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Liquid Tumor

A malignant tumor that originates from myeloid or lymphoid cells i.e., leukemias and lymphomas.


Benign fibrohistiocytic neoplasm

A benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibroblastic cells, and histiocytes, in a storiform pattern.


Bone Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

An exceedingly rare malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the bone.


Lung Adenocarcinoma with Mixed Bronchioloalveolar and Invasive Components

A lung adenocarcinoma consisting of a bronchioloalveolar component and an invasive adenocarcinomatous component.


Stage II Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T1, N0, M0, G3, G4); IIB (T2, N0, M0, G3, G4).  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Sarcoma of pelvis

Sarcoma involving the organs and structures of the pelvis.


Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that is resistant to treatment.


Old Burn Scar-Related Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that arises from burn scars. It usually manifests between 20 and 40 years after the original burn.


Cervical Invasive Stratified Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A rare, distinct form of invasive cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma associated with human papillomavirus infection. It is characterized by the presence of stratiﬁed, immature epithelial cells containing varying quantities of intracytoplasmic mucin.


Stage IVB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N0, M1a, G2, G3); (Any T, N1, M1a, Any G); (Any T, N2, M1a, Any G).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M1a: Intraperitoneal metastasis beyond the right lower quadrant, including pseudomyxoma peritonei.  G2: Moderately differentiated tumor. G3: Poorly differentiated tumor.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Neoplasm of uncertain behavior

A neoplasm displaying morphologic, phenotypic, or genotypic characteristics that are clearly not benign but do not permit the establishment of a definitive diagnosis of malignancy.  Such neoplasms may or may not eventually have a more aggressive clinical course.  Representative examples include lymphoproliferations of uncertain malignant potential (e.g., lymphomatoid granulomatosis and lymphomatoid papulosis), borderline ovarian epithelial neoplasms (e.g., borderline ovarian endometrioid tumor and borderline ovarian mucinous tumor), borderline exocrine pancreatic neoplasm (e.g., pancreatic borderline intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm), and primary borderline peritoneal epithelial neoplasm.


Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic

The protrusion of abdominal cavity contents into the thoracic cavity via a hole in the diaphragm, which was acquired via a traumatic etiology.


Peritoneal and retroperitoneal haemorrhages

Bleeding originating in and behind the tissues that line the wall of the abdominal cavity, intestine, and mesentery.


Unresectable Urothelial Carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Adult Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

The reemergence of undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone in adulthood after a period of remission.


Metastatic Sarcoma in the Peritoneum

A sarcoma that has spread to the peritoneum from an adjacent or distal anatomic site.


Tumor Flare Reaction

A side effect of cancer treatment. It has been described in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with lenalidomide, breast cancer patients during the initial phase of hormonal treatment, and in prostate cancer patients treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. Symptoms include a sudden and painful increase in the tumor size, rash, low grade fever, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and an increase in the tumor markers levels.


Refractory Pancreatobiliary Carcinoma

Pancreatobiliary carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Acquired phimosis

Phimosis that develops in an uncircumcised male with a previously loose foreskin.


Platinum-Resistant Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Fallopian tube carcinoma that progresses between one and six months of completing the last platinum therapy.


Recurrent Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

The reemergence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis after a period of remission.


Undifferentiated schizophrenia

A subtype of schizophrenia in which the individual exhibits the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia but the overall picture is not one of catatonic type, paranoid type, or disorganized type schizophrenia.


Stent thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot of a vessel or heart chamber after and due to the placement of a stent.


Foregut Cyst

A cyst originating from the primitive foregut.  It may arise from the upper aerodigestive tract, tracheobronchial tree, liver, and pancreas.


Stage IIB Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma


Hairy Polyp

A benign polypoid lesion that usually arises from the nasopharynx. It may also occur in the oropharynx, palate, tonsil, tongue, lip, and middle ear. It usually affects neonates and older infants and is composed of ectoderm and mesoderm.


Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

A chronic infection of the prostate gland caused by bacteria.  It is manifested with recurring urinary tract infections.  The culture of the prostatic fluid, semen, or post-massage urine specimen reveals the presence of bacteria.


Stage I Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor strictly confined to the cervix (extension to corpus should be disregarded). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


MAC lymphadenitis

Lymph node infection by Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare. It most often affects children and usually presents with cervical lymph node enlargement. It generally follows a benign clinical course.


Malignant fibrohistiocytic neoplasm

A fibrohistiocytic neoplasm that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Oligometastatic Prostate Carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Terrifying Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that is frightening or scary.


Mixed Morphea

The presence of more than one variant of morphea in a single patient.


Stage III Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: (T1-3, N1, M0) and (T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor confined to vagina.  T2: Tumor invades paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall.  T3: Tumor extends to pelvic wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Pelvic or inguinal lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Airway Tumor Mass

A tumor mass that is located in the airways.


Psammocarcinoma

An extremely rare variant of serous carcinoma arising from the ovary or peritoneum. It is characterized by extensive formation of psammoma bodies, low-grade cytological features, and invasion of surrounding structures.


Refractory Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Skin Carcinoma

A carcinoma of the skin that has recurred after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant digestive system neoplasm that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage III Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G); IIIB (T3, N2, M0, Any G); IIIC (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


High-Grade Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of high grade epithelial dysplasia.


Stage IVA Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, Any G.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Neoplasm to the Gallbladder

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the gallbladder from another anatomic site.  Representative examples include metastatic melanoma, and metastatic carcinomas from the breast and the stomach.


Appendix Low Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion that affects the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of mild dysplasia and mild architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Suppurative Granuloma

A granuloma caused by infectious organisms and characterized by the presence of abscess formation.


Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Excluding Head and Neck

A high-grade carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. This category includes small cell carcinomas, large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and Merkel cell carcinomas and excludes neuroendocrine carcinomas that arise from the head and neck. The head and neck neuroendocrine carcinomas include well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, and poorly-differentiated (high-grade) neuroendocrine carcinomas.


Thrombosis of blood vessel

The formation of a blood clot in the lumen of a vessel; causes include coagulation disorders, and vascular endothelial injury.


Trichoadenoma

A rare benign tumor of the hair follicle occurring usually in the face or buttocks.


Pathologic Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1a/b-T2a, N1a or N2a, M0); IIIB: (T0, N1b, N1c, M0); (T1a/b-T2a, N1b/c or N2b, M0); (T2b/T3a, N1a-N2b, M0); IIIC: (T0, N2b, N2c, N3b or N3c); (T1a-T3a, N2c or N3a/b/c, M0); (T3b/T4a, Any N greater than or equal to N1, M0); (T4b, N1a-N2c, M0); IIID: (T4b, N3a/b/c, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T1b: Tumor measuring less than 0.8 mm in thickness with ulceration, or 0.8-1.0 mm with or without ulceration. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T0: No evidence of primary tumor (e.g., unknown primary or completely regressed melanoma). Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 1.0 and equal to or less than 2.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. T4b: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration.  N1a: One clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No.  N2a: Two or three clinically occult nodal metastases (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1b: One clinically detected nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N1c: No regional lymph node disease. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N2b: Two or three nodal metastases at least one of which was clinically detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N2c: One clinically occult nodal metastasis. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3b: Four or more nodal metastases, at least one of which was clinically detected, or presence of any number of matted nodes. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. N3c: Two or more clinically occult nodal metastases. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: Yes. N3a: Four or more clinically occult nodal metastasis (i.e., detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy). Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A hepatocellular adenoma caused by inactivating mutations of the HNF1A gene.  It is characterized by the presence of lobulated contours, steatosis, and absence of inflammation or nuclear atypia.


Chest Pain in Mid Sternum

The location of the chest pain is in the middle of the sternum.


Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia with Atypia

A proliferation of endometrial cells resulting in glandular enlargement and budding without changes in the basic structure of the endometrium. Epithelial atypia is present.


Cervical carcinoma stage II AJCC v7

Stage II includes: II (T2, N0, M0); IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIA1 (T2a1, N0, M0); IIA2 (T2a2, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0); T2: Cervical carcinoma invades beyond uterus but not to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T2a: Tumor without parametrial invasion.  T2a1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension.  T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

Malignant neoplasms which occur in the brain, spinal cord, or meninges of children.  Brainstem gliomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and certain pineal tumors are relatively common primary malignant tumors of the CNS in children.


Juvenile systemic scleroderma

Systemic sclerosis that is diagnosed in children. Juvenile systemic sclerosis is more likely to be of the overlap variant and presents with musculoskeletal involvement.


Spontaneous Perforation

A hole through the wall of an organ that occurs without external influence.


Cancer Fatigue

A debilitating tiredness or total lack of energy, often reported as the most common symptom in individuals with cancer.  Cancer fatigue can result from chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and other treatments; chemotherapy-induced anemia is a very frequent cause. -- 2004


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage IV

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, or nodular involvement of the lungs(s).


Clinical Stage III Retinoblastoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: (cT4b, cN0, cM0, Any H); (Any cT, cN1, cM0, Any H). cT4b: Extraocular tumor clinically evident with proptosis and/or an orbital mass. cN0: No regional lymph node involvement. cN1: Evidence of preauricular, submandibular, and cervical lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: Any pT/TX, N1-3, M0, SX. TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N1: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N2: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor. N3: Testicular cancer with metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. SX: Marker studies not available or not performed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Congenital ankyloblepharon

A congenital abnormality in which the margins of the upper and lower eyelids are fused together by bands of tissue.


Spiradenocylindroma

A benign adnexal neoplasm with histological features of both spiradenoma and cylindroma in a single nodular lesion.


Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, or appendix. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Cutaneous Fistula

An abnormal communication between the skin and another organ or cavity.


Metastatic Genitourinary System Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the genitourinary system and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Unresectable Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Malignant cylindroma

A carcinoma that arises in a cylindroma.


Unresectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Middle Sternal Border

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left middle sternal border.


Non-Neoplastic Hair Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the hair. Representative examples may include alopecia, male pattern baldness, hirsutism, and hair shaft disorders.


Increased NPN

A laboratory test result indicating abnormally high concentration of non-protein nitrogen in the blood.


High Grade Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma exhibiting more than 50% solid non-glandular, non-squamous growth.


Lugano Classification Stage IE Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IE: Single extralymphatic site in the absence of nodal involvement (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome related to alkylating agent

Acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of alkylating agents that are used for the treatment of malignant tumors. Patients usually develop a myelodysplastic syndrome which may evolve to a higher grade myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. A minority of patients present with an acute myeloid leukemia. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently present and usually are unbalanced translocations or deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia usually do not respond to treatment and have an unfavorable clinical outcome.


Seminal Vesicle Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the seminal vesicle. Glandular formation and mucin secretion are absent.


Intermediate Grade Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An intermediate grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung.  This category includes atypical carcinoid tumor.


Disorder of AMH Receptor

A defect in the Anti-Muellerian hormone receptor.


Childhood L2 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Sinonasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma

A benign, locally destructive, sinonasal tumor-like growth containing mixed mesenchymal elements. (WHO 2017)


Mitochondrial Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to inactivating mutation(s) in the gene HADH, encoding mitochondrial (short-chain) hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, resulting in loss of inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This condition is also characterized by protein-induced hypoglycemia, but in contrast to GLUD1-associated hyperinsulinism, hyperammonemia is absent.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A cervical squamous cell carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Circumferential Endothelial Hyperplasia

Intraluminal hyperplasia of endothelial cells, encircling the entire lumen.


Refractory Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Clostridium difficile infection

A bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile), which is a spore-forming, toxin-producing Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Infection may cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon, and risk factors include use of antibiotic medication, advanced age, and hospital or long-term care facility admission.


Stage I Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor confined to the corpus uteri, including endocervical glandular involvement. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Second degree uterine prolapse

The uterus has descended to the level of the hymen.


High grade glandular intraepithelial neoplasia

A high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in which there is marked architectural distortion and crowding of the glands, associated with severe cellular atypia. The neoplastic cells display pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei.


Malignant tumor of epidermal appendage

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the skin appendages.


Stage III Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III) that may also be accompanied by localized involvement of an extralymphatic organ or site (IIIE), by involvement of the spleen (IIIS), or both (IIIS+E). (from PDQ)


Lipomatosis of Nerve

A tumor composed of mature adipocytes and fibrous tissue infiltrating the epineurium and peripheral nerves.  It is often seen at birth or during childhood and may be associated with macrodactyly.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

An anal squamous cell carcinoma related to infection with sexually transmittable human papillomavirus.


Helicobacter Pylori-Related Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is caused by Helicobacter pylori.


Unresectable Neuroendocrine Tumor

A neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Local infection skin/subcut tissue NOS

An infection involving the surface of the skin and subcutaneous tissues in a defined area of the body.


Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Tumor involves vagina (direct extension or metastasis) or parametrial tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Non-Functioning Neuroendocrine Tumor

A non-functioning, well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Foamy Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of large glands with papillary infoldings that contain cells with xanthomatous cytoplasm.


Tooth Abrasion

Wearing away of tooth enamel by an outside mechanical force.


Lacrimal Drainage System Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac, canaliculi, or nasolacrimal duct.


Chronic Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis

A chronic infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or hominis that manifests as enteritis. It usually occurs in immunocompromised patients including persons with AIDS, transplant recipients, patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, and patients with hematologic malignancies.


Cortical Cataract Grade 2

A stage of cortical cataract characterized by 10-50% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Automobile Accident

An accident occurring while aboard, or involving, an automobile.


Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis

A rare, paralytic poliomyelitis associated with the orally administered live attenuated strain of the poliovirus, OPV.


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Stage III Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma that involves the lower third of the vagina and/or extends to the pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney and/or involves pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes. (FIGO 2018)


Metastatic Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises in the digestive system and has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Bladder Granular Cell Tumor

A rare granular cell tumor arising from the bladder. Most tumors are benign.


Epididymal Cystadenoma

A benign cystadenoma in the epididymal ducts.


Venous lake

A condition that is characterized by venous dilation, which presents as soft, compressible lesions.


Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Primary

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain or the spinal cord.


Serum Calcitonin Level Increased

A laboratory test result indicating an increased concentration of calcitonin in the blood serum.


Cystic urethritis

A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the urethra.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the urethral wall.  The cysts are lined by urothelial cells.


Substance Withdrawal Delirium

A disorder characterized by the acute and sudden development of changes in attention, memory, language and/or perception that can be etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequences of substance withdrawal.


Venous Angioleiomyoma

A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the presence of thick-walled veins.


Malignant neoplasm musculoskeletal

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects muscles and bones.


Gingival odontogenic cyst

An odontogenic cyst found in the alveolar mucosa. (WHO 2017)


Direct Contact Transmission Infection

Infection produced by direct contact with another person.


Congenital hydroureter

Dilatation of the ureter caused by obstruction of urine flow that is present at birth.


Vulval Infection

An infectious process affecting the vulva. Causative agents include human papillomavirus, herpes virus, Trichomonas, and Candida. Symptoms include itching and pain in the genital area and discharge.


Adult Lymphocyte-Rich Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in adults.


Conjunctival Compound Nevus

A compound nevus that arises from the conjunctiva. It usually occurs in the bulbar conjunctiva, caruncle, and plica semilunaris. It is characterized by the presence of nevus cells within the epithelium and in the substantia propria. Type A nevus cells are present in the junctional nests and superficial substantia propria, and type B nevus cells are present in the deeper layers of the subepithelial compartment.


Troublesome Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that worries an individual or interrupts their ability to complete desired activities.