regulation of primary metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response

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The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response.


SA node cell-atrial cardiac muscle cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


adhesion of symbiont to host via host extracellular matrix

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a component of the host extracellular matrix. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


AUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

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A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUG codon.


thyroid-hormone transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine = 3,5,3'-triiodothyropyruvate + L-glutamate.


nitroalkane oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde or ketone + nitrite + H2O2.


metacyclogenesis

The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of non-pathogenic parasites into pathogenic metacyclic parasites in the Trypanosomatidae species. The pathogenic parasites are known as metacyclic trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma and metacyclic promastigotes in Leishmania.


general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process

The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus.


3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid -> 2-methoxy-6-decaprenylphenol + CO2.


2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA 2-C-propanoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + CoASH = pivalyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.


cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.


hercynylselenocysteine synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-selenocysteine + 2 hercynine + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 hercynylselenocysteine.


trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, mediated by transynaptic protein complexes, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


Wnt receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of a Wnt receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a Wnt signal. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


ursodeoxycholate 7-beta-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + ursodeoxycholate = 7-oxolithocholate + H+ + NADH.


acrylonitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.


peptidyl-cysteine deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a cysteine residue of a glycated protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.


regulation of cell wall pectin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall pectin metabolic process.


serotonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


3-hydroxykynureninase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol.


ascus development

The process that leads to the development of ascus, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


B cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the basilar pons

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral peduncle through the basilar pons in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate.


polyterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


kynureninase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine.


procambium histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate C-P-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate 5-phosphate + methane.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactitol(out) = protein histidine + galactitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


histone modifying activity

A catalytic activity that acts on a histone protein. Reversible histone modifications contribute to regulation of gene expression.


monensin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monensin A.


regulation of vasoconstriction by epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


tyrosine N-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxytyrosine + NADP+ + H2O.


menthol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.


siroheme biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

Combining with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


anti-Mullerian hormone receptor activity

Combining with anti-Mullerian hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


viral DNA genome packaging

The packing of viral DNA into a capsid.


monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production

The appearance of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.


Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


positive regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.


sperm motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell.


colneleate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9(S)-HPODE <=> colneleate + H2O.


positive regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


geranyl-diphosphate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (2S)-bornyl diphosphate.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a protein.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.


dehydroscoulerine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + O2 = dehydroscoulerine + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


modulation by symbiont of host response to abiotic stimulus

Any process in which an organism modulates a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane

Fusion of a virus membrane with a host endosome membrane. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the virus contents into the cell.


pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


leukocyte chemotaxis involved in immune response

The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus a part of an immune response.


glycol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


positive regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.


response to gemcitabine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas.


lactone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactone.


disruption of host extracellular matrix

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an symbiont resulting in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix of its host.


NADH peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O2 + NADH + H+ = 2 H2O + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptyl-4-quinolone + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone + NAD + H2O.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.


perturbation of host signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. GM-CSF binds to a heterodimer receptor (CSF2R) consisting of an alpha ligand-binding subunit, and a common beta subunit that is shared with other cytokine receptors.


peptidyl-lysine propionylation

The propionylation of peptidyl-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5 H+ + NADH + a menaquinone <=> 4 H+ + NAD + a menaquinol.


cellular response to anisomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.


cocaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


formation of arbuscule for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of an arbuscule, a fine, tree-like hyphal symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.


8-oxoguanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine + H2O <=> 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione + ammonium.


gluconate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


Kdo2-lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.


compound eye cone cell fate commitment

The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type.


regulation of root meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem.


Catalysis of the reaction: 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydromacarpine + H+.


vasodilation in another organism

A process by which an organism causes vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in another organism.


acetaldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.


all-trans undecaprenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + undecaprenol + all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


skeletal muscle satellite cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


inositol heptakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.


butanal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanal + CoA + NAD(P)+ = butanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+.


isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + isoquinoline = AH(2) + isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.


intracellular polyamine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of polyamine within a cell.


rhamnose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


proton motive force-driven motor activity

A motor activity driven by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force). PMF-driven motors are used by bacterial flagella.


sleep homeostasis

A homeostatic process in which the drive for sleep increases sleep propensity with prolonged wakefulness.


maintenance of root meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


vulval cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


ABC-type azole transporter activity

Enables the transfer of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + azole(in) = ADP + phosphate + azole(out).


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral cortex

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from its cell body in layer V through the cerebral cortex in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


regulation of muscle filament sliding speed involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.


L-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid + H2O + NAD+ = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylitol + NADP+ = D-xylose + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: N1-aminopropylagmatine + H2O = spermidine + urea.


negative regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that reduces autophagosome size.


peptide antigen stabilization

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide antigen and preventing it from being degraded.


embryo development ending in seed dormancy

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric triacetylfusarinine C from one side of a membrane to the other.


cell wall repair

A process of cell wall organization that results in the restoration of the cell wall following damage.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 = (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C11-geranylacetone and then cleaved to produce (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and acetone.


nuclear cortisol receptor activity

Combining with cortisol and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


antigenic variation

Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system.


peroxynitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + ONOO- = [protein]-disulfide + NO2- + H2O.


extraction of mislocalized protein from ER membrane

The removal of a mislocalized protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.


selenocysteine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNASec + L-Ser + ATP = Ser-tRNASec + AMP + diphosphate.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


archaeal-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to the motion of one or more archaeal-type flagella. An archaeal-type flagellum (also called archaellum) is a non-membrane-bounded organelle superficially similar to a bacterial-type flagellum, but having a different molecular structure and lacking a central channel.


positive regulation of chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


nuclear glucocorticoid receptor activity

Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal within the cell trigger a change in cell activity or function.


genital disc sexually dimorphic development

The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed.


regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.


proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proanthocyanidin.


protein localization to postsynapse

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the postsynapse, the part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.


regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


chitobiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chitobiose + phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. This reaction is the phosphorolysis of chitobiose, (GlcNAc)2, a dimer of beta-(1->4) linked glucosamine units.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 8.8S rRNA, the 2S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


diacylglycerol transacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + a 2-monoglyceride.


membrane fusion involved in acrosome reaction

The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm with the outer acrosomal membrane.


intergenic mRNA trans splicing

The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs from two different genes, each of which also produces mRNA(s) via cis-splicing.


pullulan binding

Binding to pullulan.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


geranoyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + geranoyl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


negative regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that suppresses atrichoblast fate specification.


ABC-type transporter activity

Primary active transporter characterized by two nucleotide-binding domains and two transmembrane domains. Uses the energy generated from ATP hydrolysis to drive the transport of a substance across a membrane.


negative regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.


cyclic-di-AMP binding

Binding to a cyclic di-AMP nucleotide.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


dark adaptation

The process by which the rods of the retina gradually become fully responsive to dim light when no longer exposed to bright light.


small RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a nucleoside residue in a small RNA molecule. Reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + small RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + small RNA containing a 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylnucleotide.


olefinic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP = 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + 7,8-dihydrofolate.


tatiopterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tatiopterin.


maintenance of floral meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


altronate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.


symbiont defense to host-produced jasmonic acid

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


adenosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = D-ribose + adenine.


atrial cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


nitrogenase (flavodoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6 reduced flavodoxin + 6 H+ + N2 + n ATP = 6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + n ADP + n phosphate.


carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = a beta-ring hydroxylcarotene + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.


Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells.


negative regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + H+ = CO2 + dopamine.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells that contribute to the radial growth of a lung bud.


peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


formate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways by which formate is converted to CO2.


peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine.


epoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving epoxides, compounds in which an oxygen atom is directly attached to two adjacent or non-adjacent carbon atoms of a carbon chain or ring system; thus cyclic ethers.


response to tacrolimus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + H+.


microtubule cytoskeleton attachment to nuclear envelope

A process in which the microtubule cytoskeleton is attached to the nuclear envelope.


butyrate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (-)-endo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid.


chromium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chromium (Cr) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


nicotianamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


lipopolysaccharide transfer activity

Removes a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


synoviocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of type B synoviocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A type B synoviocyte is a fibroblast-like cell found in synovial tissues.


negative regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


quercetin O-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


cellular response to methionine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate.


fucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fucose is 6-deoxygalactose and has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.


MutLbeta complex binding

Binding to a MutLbeta mismatch repair complex.


negative regulation of hexasaccharide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.


embryonic lung development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


taurine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


Ras palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.


abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement

Any abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.


detection of gibberellic acid stimulus

The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronide lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of rhamnogalacturonan, generating oligosaccharides of the form alpha-D-us-galacturonic acid-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonate-(1,2)-L-rhamnose-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-p-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonic acid, terminating at the non-reducing end with a hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid residue.


epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell and contributes to the progression of the lung over time from its initial formation to the mature organ.


floral organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + ATP = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl 5'-adenylate + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the addition of mannose to dolichyl-pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 (also written as Man7GlcNAc2-PP-Dol) in alpha-(1->6) linkage, producing Man8GlcNAc2-PP-Dol.


rifamycin-B oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + rifamycin B = H2O2 + rifamycin O.


regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


nitrile hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amide = a nitrile + H2O.


riboflavin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + riboflavin = ADP + FMN + 2 H+.


pre-mRNA intronic pyrimidine-rich binding

Binding to a pyrimidine-rich (CU-rich) intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).


cellular response to ethylene stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.


exo-(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linear alpha-D-glucan = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + beta-D-glucose.


pollen tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure.


glycolipid floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a glycolipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent, acetol producing)

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxyacetone + NADP+ = H+ + methylglyoxal + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine = ethanolamine + a fatty acid.


positive regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH.


cellular response to purvalanol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


chloroplast mRNA modification

The covalent alteration within the chloroplast of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


tongue muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a tongue muscle cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate + H2O = 2 6-aminohexanoate.


protein localization to bicellular tight junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a bicellular tight junction.


(R)-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NADP <=> (R)-lactaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP.


anaerobic amino acid catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


positive regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


(gibberellin-36), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A36 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> H+ + gibberellin A4 + succinate + 2 carbon dioxide.


inositol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


3,3'-dibromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3-monobromobisphenol A + HBr.


negative regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


(S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


positive regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.


cellular response to chitin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


cellular response to genistein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.


23S rRNA (adenine(1618)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1618) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(1618) in 23S rRNA.


cellulose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside-disphosphate-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = nucleoside-disphosphate + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


CCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCG codon.


protein localization to horsetail-astral microtubule array

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a horsetail-astral microtubule array.


vitellogenin receptor activity

Receiving vitellogenin, and delivering vitellogenin into the cell via endocytosis.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in beta-gentiobiose.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NADP+ = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+.


acetoacetate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + H+ = acetone + CO2.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).


strictosidine beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H2O = D-glucose + strictosidine aglycone.


positive regulation by symbiont of entry into host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


arbutin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cytokinin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


mesonephric capsule specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of the mesonephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a ribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-ribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.


glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + NAD(P)+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NAD(P)H.


methylcytosine to 5-glyceryl-methylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + L-ascorbate + O2 = 5-glyceryl-methylcytosine + glyoxylate + CO2.


pole plasm mRNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine.


phylloquinone monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + phylloquinone = 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + A + H2O.


spheroidene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spheroidene.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-oxohept-3-ene-1,7-dioate + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate.


Catalysis of the reaction: apigeninidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


galactolipid O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = acylmono-beta-D-galactosyl-diacylglycerol + mono-beta-D-galactosylacylglycerol.


lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + alpha-KDO-(2->4)-alpha-KDO-(2->6)-lipid IVA = KDO2-(palmitoleoyl)-lipid IVA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


protein histidine tele-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine.


cellular response to antimycin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.


regulation of biological process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + H+ = CO2 + 2-propanol.


linamarin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile = UDP + linamarin.


deoxyadenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


all-trans retinoic acid 3,4-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoic acid + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinoic acid + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-13 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


sensory perception of high humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect high environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


regulatory region RNA binding

Binding to a RNA region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.


5-formyltetrahydrofolate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


sterol transfer activity

Removes a sterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


dendrite guidance

The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


mobile ion carrier activity

Small molecule produced by bacteria that carries an ion across the membrane by enclosing the ion and travelling with the ion across the membrane. It does not form a fully open pore across the membrane.


negative regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.


modulation by virus of host chromatin organization

Any process in which a virus effects a change in the organization of chromatin in the host.


nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NAD(P)H + 3 H+.


cardioblast anterior-lateral migration

The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + 27-hydroxycholesterol = H2O + NADP+ + 7-alpha,27-dihydroxycholesterol.


regulation of eating behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.


apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


2-hydroxy-dATP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-dATP + H2O = 2-hydroxy-dAMP + H+ + diphosphate.


mesaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA.


spore-bearing structure formation

The process of generating a spore-bearing structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.


enterobacterial common antigen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


ornithine-acyl [acyl carrier protein] N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + L-ornithine = lyso-ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein]. The enzyme, found in bacteria, catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ornithine lipids.


FMN reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD+ = FMN + NADH + 2 H+.


omega-amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a monoamide of a dicarboxylic acid + H2O = a dicarboxylate + NH3.


tRNA nucleoside ribose methylation

The process that results in the modification of the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA at the 2'O position.


leg disc pattern formation

The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc.


cell cycle

The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + fumarate + H+.


negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.


indole glucosinolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan; indoles are biologically active substances based on 2,3-benzopyrrole, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan.


Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + H2O = GlcMan(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + beta-D-glucopyranose.


prostanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostanoids.


blood vessel lumen ensheathment

A blood vessel lumenization process that occurs by blood vessel endothelial cells delaminating and aligning along the inner surface of an existing luminal space, extending the open ended lumen, and joining to other blood vessels to form a complete blood vessel.


straight chain (R)-2-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a (R)-2-hydroxy even numbered straight chain 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl CoA = formyl-CoA + an odd numbered straight chain 2,3,4-saturated fatty aldehyde.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


sphingolipid very long chain fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + a dihydroceramide = NADP + H2O + an alpha hydroxydihydroceramide.


ornithine catabolic process, by decarboxylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine by decarboxylation.


formation of infection structure

The formation of a symbiont structure that serves to infect its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of T cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.


ammonia assimilation cycle

The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen.


regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation.


L-arabitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


feminization of hermaphrodite soma

Promotion of female sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


larval foraging behavior

The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food.


sieve element enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus as part of sieve element differentiation. The nuclear contents are released and degraded in the cytoplasm at the same time as other organelles are rearranged and the cytosol is degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: aminohydroquinone + 2 e- + 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 = 1,2,4-benzenetriol + NH3.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via filamentous actin depolymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by depolymerizing the host filamentous actin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glycine amidinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + glycine = L-ornithine + guanidinoacetate.


histone H3T45 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 45) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 45) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 45 of histone H3.


complement component C4b receptor activity

Combining with the C4b product of the classical complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


nitrate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


limb granular cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal granular cell.


response to hesperadin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


tetraketide alpha-pyrone synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: a hydroxyacyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 2 H+ = a hydroxylated tetraketide alpha-pyrone + 3 CO2 + 4 coenzyme A .


immature T cell proliferation in thymus

The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division in the thymus.


(E,E)-geranyllinalool synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (E,E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate.


heterocycle metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).


modulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3-glucoside + UDP-rhamnose = anthocyanidin 3-rutinoside + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxycinnamate + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxyaniline + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.


amylopectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1->4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1->6) linkages.


lysosomal protein catabolic process

Any cellular protein catabolic process that takes place in a lysosome.


binding

The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarotetraose + H2O <=> 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + agarotriose.


protein sulfhydration

The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of sulfur.


primary piRNA processing

The process involved in converting precursor piRNAs into non-overlapping, contiguous primary piRNAs (approximately 24-30-nt piRNAs with a preference for a 5' uridine (U) via the endonucleolytic activity of cytosolic PIWI. This may include pre-piRNA maturation of 3' ends by trimming and 2'-O-methylation.


regulation of gastric motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric motility.


nasal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the nasal suture is generated and organized.


13-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family 13-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosapentaenoic acid.


lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers.


lysobisphosphatidic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.


apical cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an apical cell. The apical cell is the upper cell formed after the first division of the zygote.


endocardial cell development

The progression of an endocardial cell over time, from its formation to the mature cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + protein = dolichol-phosphate + D-xylosylprotein.


secretin receptor activity

Combining with secretin to initiate a change in cell activity.


1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 1-alpha,25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3; calcitriol).


P-type manganese transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(in) = ADP + H+ + Mn2+(out) + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + putrescine = N-caffeoylputrescine + CoA + H+.


protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylglucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (in).


histone H3R26 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 26)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 26) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 26.


soyasapogenol B glucuronosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + soyasapogenol B <=> H+ + UDP + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate.


ADP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = IDP + NH3.


cellular response to food

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.


lambda-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages in the backbone of lambda-carrageenan, resulting in the tetrasaccharide alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp2S-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-D-Galp2S.


hercynylselenocysteine lyase activity (selenoneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylselenocysteine + 2H+ = selenoneine + pyruvate + ammonium.


xanthosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthosine.


regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


hypotaurocyamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hypotaurocyamine = N(omega)-phosphohypotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Fas-activated serine/threonine protein = ADP + Fas-activated serine/threonine phosphoprotein.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


metaphase

The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.


mannitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


glycerophospholipid flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a glycerophospholipid from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in abscission

Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in abscission.


beta-amyrin 30-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADP + H2O.


RISC complex binding

Binding to a RISC complex.


trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a trans-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population in response to an axonal lesion. The newly generated Schwann cells support subsequent axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.


beta-amyrin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 11alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


cystoblast division

Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells.


cardiac pacemaker cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to pacemaker cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


arsonoacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides.


quercetin 3-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxycathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 6-deoxoteasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a keratinocyte. A keratinocyte is an epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.


detection of redox state

The series of events in which a chemical stimulus indicating redox state is received and converted into a molecular signal. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.


3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropionate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.


middle viral transcription

The viral transcription that takes place after early transcription in the viral life cycle, and which involves the transcription of genes required for replication.


negative regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that decreases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


hepatic stellate cell contraction

The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a hepatic stellate cell.


isopentenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenol.


type IIb hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


guanine binding

Binding to guanine.


ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+.


cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


ATP-dependent protein-DNA complex displacement activity

An activity that displaces proteins or protein complexes from DNA, sometimes in a 'wire stripping' fashion, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


D-glutamyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:  D-glutamate + D-glutamine = gamma-D-glutamyl-D-glutamate + NH4+. Can also transfer additional glutamyl residues to a peptide, extending the polypeptide chain.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-D-galactose <=> quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside + UDP(3-) + H+.


cadinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cadinene.


actin-dependent intracellular transport of virus towards nucleus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus using actin filaments.


urea carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + urea = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + urea-1-carboxylate.


cell-to-cell migration by invasive hypha

The directional movement of a hyphal filament from one host cell to another. This process involves the clearance of plant-derived plasmodesmal occlusion materials, cytoskeleton based constriction of invasive hypha to traverse plasmodesmata. Septins and F-actin are reorganized into an hourglass shape at the point of maximum hyphal constriction.


tryptophan 2'-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = 3-indoleglycolaldehyde + CO2 + NH3.


regulation of carbon utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of carbon utilization.


low-affinity ferric iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Fe2+(out) = Fe2+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-secoisolariciresinol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin <=> isovitexin-7-olate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + OH- = (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate.


pronephric proximal tubule development

The progression of the pronephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of molybdenum into an iron-sulfur cluster.


monodictyphenone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monodictyphenone.


N-terminal peptidyl-glycine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetylglycine.


regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.


trochlear nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


spermidine:caffeoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a caffeoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate + OH- = 3,5-dichloroaniline + N-carboxyglycine.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


ferricrocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.


2-chloroacrylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-chloropropanoate + NADP <=> 2-chloroacrylate + NADPH + H+.


tRNA N1-guanine methylation

The process whereby a guanine in tRNA is methylated at position N1 of the guanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate + H2O = gamma-aminovinylacetate + HCOOH.


DN2 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN2 thymocyte. A DN2 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25-.


dihydropterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydropterin + H2O = 7,8-dihydrolumazine + NH3.


UFM1 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y = Y-UFM1 + X, where both the X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


response to cesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.


positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


protein localization to motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a motile cilium.


monocyte activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.


UDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.


choline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + choline = AH(2) + betaine aldehyde.


regulation of small intestinal transit

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any small intestinal transit process, the migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


ABC-type nitrate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nitrate(out) = ADP + phosphate + nitrate(in).


endoplasmic reticulum disassembly

The disaggregation of an endoplasmic reticulum into its constituent components.


L-arabinonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate + H2O.


2-nitropropane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. 2-nitropropane is used principally as a solvent and chemical intermediate. As a solvent, it is used in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, and synthetic materials. It is a feedstock for the manufacture of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.


substrate-bound cell migration, adhesion receptor recycling

The directed movement of accumulated adhesion components such as integrins from the rear of a migrating cell toward the cell front, where they are available to form new protrusions and adhesions.


aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH.


antimonite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored.


protein localization to cell wall

The process of directing proteins towards the cell-wall.


lipoprotein modification

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid or lipid residues occurring in a lipoprotein, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxylupanine + 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA = 13-(2-methylcrotonoyloxy)lupanine + CoA.


protein succinylation

The modification of a protein by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to an amino acid residue.


positive regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


histone H4K20me methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the monomethlyated lysine residue at position 20 of histone H4, producing H4K20me2.


peptidyl-serine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-serine.


CD4 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.


peregrinol diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:peregrinol diphosphate = all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O.


hindbrain-spinal cord boundary formation

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an aralkylamine = CoA + an N-acetylaralkylamine.


negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.


metanephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


vagus nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to a vascular smooth muscle cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


branching involved in lymph vessel morphogenesis

The process of the coordinated growth and sprouting of lymph vessels giving rise to the organized lymphatic system.


glyoxal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyoxal.


cyanophycin synthetase activity

Catalysis of the ATP-dependent polymerization of arginine and aspartate to multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer).


reproduction

The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.


negative regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IKBKE activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of host I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKBKE/IKK-epsilon/IKK-E).


positive regulation of backward locomotion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) <=> 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3-one + NADH(2-) + carbon dioxide.


pinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = pinene + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl phosphate.


sorbose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sorbose from one side of a membrane to the other. Sorbose is the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose; L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


methylglyoxal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.


intron homing

Lateral transfer of an intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state.


glutathione deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from glycated glutathione. Glutathione is the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine.


T-helper 2 cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 2 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths, enhanced production of particular antibody isotypes, and pathological conditions such as allergy.


positive regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.


negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.


mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NADP+ = D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


adenyl nucleotide binding

Binding to an adenyl nucleotide, an adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


response to abiotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus.


trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of gaseous molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


positive regulation of juvenile hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate into two nucleotides.


N-terminal peptidyl-alanine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins.


ceramide glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.


proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.


reduced coenzyme F420 dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420 = dihydromethanophenazine + coenzyme F420.


detection of carbon dioxide by vasomotor center

The process by a carbon dioxide stimulus is received and converted to a molecular signal by the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trichlorophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trichloroanisole.


2-iminopropanoate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = NH4(+) + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylethanolamine = cardiolipin + ethanolamine.


carbamate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NH3 + CO2 = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate.


D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NAD+ = D-xylulose + NADH.


negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


response to risperidone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a risperidone stimulus.


priming of cellular response to stress

The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.


viral translational frameshifting

A process which occurs during viral translation, which involves a translational recoding mechanism called programmed ribosomal frameshifting. This causes the ribosome to alter its reading of the mRNA to an a different open reading frame to produce alternate viral proteins.


deoxyadenosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


thymine binding

Binding to thymine.


His-Purkinje system cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to His-Purkinje cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into His-Purkinje cells. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


positive regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.


sulfite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + acceptor + 3 H2O = sulfite + reduced acceptor.


galactoglucomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a galactoglucomannan.


suppression of host T-cell mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.


reorganization of host cellular membranes to establish sites of replication

A process in which a virus triggers host intracellular membranes to be reorganized, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus.


xylonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + H2O.


kojic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kojic acid.


regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.


Catalysis of the reaction ATP + molybdopterin = diphosphate + adenylyl-molybdopterin.


pancreas induction

The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the gut to change their fates and specify the development of the pancreas.


alginic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).


diorcinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diorcinol.


regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cis-N-methyl-(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine.


erythrocyte enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus during erythrocyte maturation.


NADHX epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADHX = (S)-NADHX.


RNA metabolic process

The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


uredospore formation

The process which specific outcome is the formation of an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, produced in a structure called a uredinium; mostly found in the rust fungus.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 2 H+ + NADH.


ABC-type phosphonate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphonate(in). A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).


SUMO-ubiquitin ligase activity

Isoenergetic transfer of SUMO from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin = Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


positive regulation of cellular response to drug

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.


isovaleryl-CoA(4-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isovaleryl-CoA(4-).


regulation of trans-synaptic signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling.


negative regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.


acetoacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


hepatic stellate cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hepatic stellate cells, resulting in the expansion of a hepatic stellate cell population. Hepatic stellate cells are found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, and are capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP/AMP + mono/diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in neural tube

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


arbuscular mycorrhizal association

A form of mutualism between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant, where hyphae of the fungus penetrate the plant cell wall and invaginate its cell membrane. Once inside, the fungus forms highly branched structures for nutrient exchange with the plant called arbuscules. Aids in the acquisition by the plant of nutrients such as phosphorus from the soil.


brassinosteroid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of brassinosteroids within an organism or cell.


lung neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the lung epithelium.


response to raffinose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a raffinose stimulus.


negative regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + (protein)-L-cysteine = DNA (without 6-O-methylguanine) + protein S-methyl-L-cysteine.


positive regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.