GSI anchor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The sphingolipid group is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via a ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GSI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.


protein-phosphocysteine-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

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Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein cysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in).


choline catabolic process

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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

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The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.


regulation of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress.


threonine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


positive regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


interferon-omega production

The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


B cell adhesion

The attachment of a B cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.


rhombomere 6 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


regulation of adaptive immune memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.


negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol = 11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


positive regulation of metanephric podocyte development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.


The trimethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanine.


enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+.


phenanthrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene.


regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


cell migration to the midline involved in heart development

The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


histone H3K4 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + desulfoglucotropeolin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glucotropeolin + H+.


establishment of epithelial cell planar polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of an epithelial cell along the plane of the epithelial tissue.


response to wortmannin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 an ubiquinol = 2 H2O + 2 an ubiquinone.


4-coumarate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from two nuclei as a result of fusing the nuclear envelopes that surround each nuclei. This takes place following the mutual exchange of one of the two nuclei produced by the mitosis that follows the second meiotic nuclear division. This occurs in ciliated protozoans such as Tetrahymena.


IgG receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont

The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-L-threonine-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [protein]-L-threonine.


anaerobic electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene.


peptide crotonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-crotonyl-lysine-peptide.


indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an amino acid or polypeptide through an amide bond.


telomere-telomerase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere-telomerase complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


histone butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + histone = CoA + butyryl-histone.


protein-coenzyme A linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and coenzyme A.


transport of virus in host, cell to cell

The transport of a virus between adjacent cells in a multicellular organism.


beta-cryptoxanthin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cryptoxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = zeaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + H+ + O2 + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.


N-feruloylglycine deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-feruloylglycine + H2O = ferulate + glycine.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.


actinorhodin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving actinorhodin.


negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


lipid droplet fusion

The process by which a single lipid droplet is created from the fusion of two or more lipid droplets.


cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cob(I)alamin + hydrogen cyanide + NADP+ = cyanocob(III)alamin + H+ + NADPH.


acinar cell differentiation

The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini.


C4 photosynthesis

The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.


phosphodiesterase decapping endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the removal of the cap from an unmethylated 5'-end capped RNA resulting in the release of the entire cap structure (GpppN) and a 5' monophosphorylated RNA.


zeatin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrozeatin + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + zeatin.


dihydropteroate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.


negative regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


negative regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


cAMP receptor activity

Combining with cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


locus ceruleus formation

The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


dIMP salvage

Any process which produces a dIMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


P-type cadmium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).


Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield

Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum tubular network

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.


Se-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the selenium atom of an acceptor molecule.


regulation of female pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


hypoglossal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


sigma factor antagonist activity

The function of binding to a sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its transcriptional activity.


histone H4K deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H4.


autophagosome-lysosome fusion

The process in which autophagosomes, double-membraned vesicles containing cytoplasmic material, fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome.


regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


negative regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.


griseofulvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of griseofulvin, an important antifungal drug that has been in use for a long time for treating dermatophyte infections.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a monoterpenol = CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester.


angiotensin type I receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.


detoxification of iron ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of iron ion. These include transport of iron away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of iron ion.


carnosine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carnosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anserine + H+.


isoprenoid biosynthetic process via mevalonate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via mevalonate.


isopentadecanoic acid binding

Binding to isopentadecanoic acid.


cellular response to endogenous stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.


reuteran biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


cellular response to immobilization stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


negative regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into a cell.


regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


peripheral B cell deletion

The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.


hydroxymalonate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + oxomalonate.


2,3-dihydroxy DDT 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy DDT + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8,8-tetrachloroocta-2E,4E-dienoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,4'-disulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ATP + H2O + imidazol-4-ylacetate = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazol-4-ylacetate + ADP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


macrophage antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + CTP = CDP-D-glucose + diphosphate.


immune complex formation

The process that gives rise to an immune complex. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution. Examples are the clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody, precipitation of a toxin after an antibody binds to it, and clumping of viral particles as a result of antibody binding to the virus.


negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


germarium-derived cystoblast division

The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate.


cross bridge cycling involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which cross bridges are broken and reformed during filament sliding as part of the regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction.


lsiRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional long small interfering RNA (lsiRNA). lsiRNAs are class of siRNAs 30 to 40 nt in length. lsiRNAs are induced by pathogen infection or under specific growth conditions.


cumulus cell differentiation

The process in which a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.


histone H3K36 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 36).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-6-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate.


glyphosate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyphosate + OH- = glyoxylate + aminomethylphosphonic acid + H+ + 2 e-.


lipoamidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond to release lipoic acid from a lipoylated protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol + UDP-D-glucose = (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


aggregation of unicellular organisms

The clustering together of unicellular organisms in suspension form aggregates.


1,2-dichloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dichloroethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + vinyl chloride.


11-deoxycortisol binding

Binding to 11-deoxycortisol.


positive regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to MI phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


phytoene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoene.


podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the prostate glandular acinus.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.


epicardium-derived cardiac endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


neopullulanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to panose (6-alpha-D-glucosylmaltose).


coumarin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


valine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H+ = 2-methylpropanamine + CO2.


modulation by symbiont of host cell motility

Modulation of host cell motility by a symbiont of that host.


cell proliferation in hindbrain ventricular zone

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain region that is adjacent to the ventricular cavity.


seminal clot liquefaction

The reproductive process in which coagulated semen becomes liquid following ejaculation, allowing the progressive release of motile spermatozoa.


regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


p-cymene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.


modulation by host of viral RNA-binding transcription factor activity

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a viral RNA-binding transcription factor.


chemoattraction involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The creation and reception of signals that result in the migration of interneuron precursors up a concentration gradient towards the olfactory bulb.


aldehyde decarbonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a C(n) aldehyde = C(n-1) alkane + CO.


pyrimidine nucleobase salvage

Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


delta 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid phosphatidylglycerol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-3-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol = 1-18:3-3-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H+. This reaction is the formation of a trans double bond between carbon 3 and carbon 4 (counting from the carboxyl end) of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol.


The acetylation of a glutamine residue in protein to form the N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. Its annotation in sequence databases is either due to the misidentification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, or to inappropriate homolog comparisons when proteolytic modification is more probable.


recombination within rDNA repeats

Genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H+ = 4-cresol + CO2.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, GTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + GTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + GDP.


N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + Neu5Gc = diphosphate + CMP-Neu5Gc.


very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


ribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(A), forming oligoribonucleotides and ultimately 3'-AMP.


rRNA cytidine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of an rRNA.


detection of low humidity

The series of events in which low humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.


Gi/o-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gi/o subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi/o subunit subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase and results in a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.


sinapoyl spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on a sinapoyl spermidine molecule resulting in the formation of a disinapoyl spermidine derivative.


positive regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


positive regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


protein-containing complex destabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex and promoting the dissociation of one or many subunits. This often happens by changing the conformation of the protein being bound, which decreases its affinity for the rest of the complex.


determination of ventral identity

The regionalization process that results in the determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the ventral region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


alpha-patchoulene synthase activityy

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphoric acid + alpha-patchoulene.


cellularization

The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development.


UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate.


Catalysis of the reaction: eugenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + O-methyleugenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


response to mercaptoethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.


modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-desacetyltaxuyunnanin C + acetyl-CoA = CoA + taxuyunnanin C.


negative regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.


anterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


regulation of flower development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


processes downstream of sex determination signal

The sex determination processes that take place after the initial transmission of the sexual phenotype to specific information pathways.


positive regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the postsynaptic cytosol.


trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = dihydroxyferuloyl-sinapoyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


ergosterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.


biofilm matrix organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a biofilm matrix.


L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NADP+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavon-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


menthone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-(2S,5R)-menthone + NAD+ = (5R)-menth-2-enone + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


ribonuclease T2 activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


sulfite dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 2 ferricytochrome c + H2O = sulfate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


response to hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.


positive regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any voltage-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


negative regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.


positive regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway.


spike train

A series of sequential, propagated action potentials occurring in a single cell.


positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


quinine 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + quinine = 3-hydroxyquinine + H2O + NADP+.


sorbitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sorbitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: ethyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP+ = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.


adonirubin 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adonirubin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3S,3'S-astaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-6-(2-aminophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O <=> H+ + anthranilate + (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


O-glycan processing, core 6

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 6 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)-GalNAc.


dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate in the cis-configuration to form dehydrodolichyl diphosphate.


neural keel formation

The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


cellular response to inositol starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of inositol.


androecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the androecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cysteamine = S-acetylcysteamine + CoA.


2-deoxyglucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + an alcohol.


peptidyl-cysteine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-sulfo-L-cysteine.


amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols.


6-hydroxycineole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.


negative regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation involved in sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of acylglycerol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.


response to tetrahydrofolate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.


cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = GDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


pollen exine formation

The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.


methanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.


endosulfan diol hydrolyase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan ether + H2O.


positive regulation of asymmetric cell division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.


pseudouridylate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + uracil = H2O + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.


atrial septum intermedium morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum intermedium is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + 4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


Catalysis of the reaction: (DNA)-3'-diphospho-5'-guanosine + H2O = (DNA)-3'-phosphate + GMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.


follicle cell of egg chamber development

The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ABC-type indole transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + indole(in) = ADP + phosphate + indole(out).


allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-allulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.


eye pigment granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


structural constituent of synapse-associated extracellular matrix

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.


endochitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, endochitinases cleave randomly within the chitin chain.


interleukin-26 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-26 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of leaflet formation by auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaflet formation as a result of the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


1-naphthoic acid dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + O2 + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene + NAD+.


Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Rho GTPase-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


chanoclavine-I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I.


socially cooperative development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a non-reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A non-reproductive fruiting body is a colonial multicellular structure consisting of co-operating unicellular organisms, some of which are spores. An example of such a process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum and Myxococcus xanthus colonies.


cardiac muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in the heart, in which a decrease in cell mass and then in heart size occurs due to shrinking of the individual cells. The shrinkage is caused by protein degradation.


detoxification of mercury ion

Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of mercuric ion. These include transport of mercury away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of mercury ion and/or reduction of mercury ion (Hg[II]) to metallic mercury (Hg[0]).


germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst.


cardioblast migration

The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl + NADH + H+ + O2 = (2R,3S)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+. This reaction requires Fe2+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropylaniline + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


arginine catabolic process to spermine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including spermine.


L-xylulose reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + NADH + H+.


succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = succinate + NAD(P)H + H+.


sulfur utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary sulfur sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary sulfur source and to transport and metabolize alternate sulfur sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects sulfur levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize sulfur-containing compounds, and ends when the sulfur is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


L-asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


positive regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


acryloyl-CoA reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.


detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


pentalenene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + pentalenene.


regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


ITP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ITP, inosine (5'-)triphosphate.


erythropoietin receptor activity

Combining with erythropoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.


CYP79F1 dihomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 5-methylthiopentanaldoxime + 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP.


acyl-phosphate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


conus arteriosus development

The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream.


regulation of epithelial tube formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin. Melatonin is also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine.


AAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAU codon.


thymocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.


allose 6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-allose-6-phosphate = D-allulose-6-phosphate.


deoxyhypusine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine + donor-H2 + O2 = protein N6-((R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine + acceptor + H2O.


cellular response to dextromethorphan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-2,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2alpha-hydroxytaxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2alpha, 7beta-dihydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate.


Binding to 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.


nodulation

The formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on plant roots.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tryptophan + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tryptophan + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


protein-N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[protein] + H2O = N-terminal L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.


metanephric glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


virion maturation

Maturation of a virion after separation from the host cell. Not all viruses mature after separation. In those that do, maturation typically involves rearangement and/or cleavage of viral proteins, resulting in the virion becoming competent for reinfection.


positive regulation of conidium formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


peptidyl-glutamic acid methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.


P450-containing electron transport chain

A electron transport chain in which one or more electron carriers operate to transfer electrons from donors to a cytochrome P450 protein or domain. Electron carriers operating in this chain include FAD-containing flavoproteins or domains, FMN domains, ferredoxins and cytochrome b5. The reduced cytochrome P450 functions as the terminal oxidase and participates in a wide range of biochemical pathways.


intracellular amino acid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of amino acids within a cell.


benzoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of transcytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.


plasma membrane raft distribution

The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a plasma membrane.


2-dehydropantoate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydropantoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + formaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + 6-methylthiohexylglucosinolate.


methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the overall reaction: methyl-Co(III) methylated-thiol-specific corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = Co(I) methylated--thiol-specific corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + 3 NADP <=> 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.


regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


sulfite oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + sulfite = H2O2 + H+ + sulfate.


anterior head development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior part of the head over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


arginine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine = D-arginine.


apocarotenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


dimethylsilanediol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.


rolling circle DNA replication

A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a single-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. Replication typically does not cease when one circumference has been replicated, but continues around the circumference several more times, producing a long single strand comprising multimers of the replicon.


regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + H+ = diphosphate + thiamine phosphate.


negative regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA = 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanal + formyl-CoA.


(+)-camphor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone which is one of the major components in the leaves of common sage. Camphor exists in two enantiomers, but the (+)-isomer is more widely distributed.


ribonuclease T1 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


ferredoxin-nitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


interphase microtubule organizing center assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including gamma-tubulin and other proteins, to form an interphase microtubule organizing center.


histidine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = histamine + CO2.


CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate from one side of a membrane to the other.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


regulation of emodin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N3-methylcytidine in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


galactarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + p-aminobenzoyl glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


response to mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


cellular response to sucrose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + leukotriene E(4) + NADPH + O2 = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene E(4) + H2O + NADP+.


glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + NADP+ = D-glycerate + NADPH + H+.


submerged biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


cotyledon vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the cotyledon of vascular plants.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with 1-N6-ethenoadenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 1-N6-ethenoadenine. This reaction is the removal of 1,N6-ethenoadenine by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-5-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate + H+.


selenoneine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenoneine.


glossopharyngeal nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


cytidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.


heptose 7-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-alpha,beta-D-heptose-7-phosphate + ATP = D-beta-D-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate + ADP.


diphosphoinositol polyphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.


kinetin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kinetin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)kinetin + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = NADH + (4S)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanoate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= dopamine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of sexual sporulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of meiosis. An example of this is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


peptide antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides with antibiotic activity.


CGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGC codon.


tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


histone H2AK9 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


mRNA N1-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.


regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + D-glucose = D-glucitol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


pterocarpan reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (-)-medicarpin + NADPH = (+)-vestitol + NADP.


vulval cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of nematode vulval cells is acquired and determined. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> myricetin 3-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-hydroxypropenoate

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropenoate = propynoate + H2O.


photomorphogenesis

The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.


isogloboside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lactosyl-ceramide derivative in which a galactose is linked to the galactose via an alpha 1,3 linkage (vs alpha 1,4 for globosides).


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S5 O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 5).


lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


tetrahydrofuran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofuran, a cyclic 4 carbon ether. It is one of the most polar ethers and is a widely used solvent for polar reagents. Since THF is very soluble in water and has a relatively low boiling point, significant amounts are often released into the environment, causing contamination problems.


L-sorbose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.


2-dehydropantolactone reductase (A-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.


negative regulation of neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.


[dermatan sulfate]-L-iduronyl 2-Osulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + [dermatan]-alpha-L-iduronate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + [dermatan-sulfate]-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronate.


cellular response to angiotensin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.


R2/R5 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R2 and R5 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


diadenylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP = 3',3'-c-di-AMP + 2 diphosphate.


carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + acceptor = CO2 + reduced acceptor.


D-sorbitol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol + acceptor = L-sorbose + reduced acceptor.


testicular fusome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome.


cyanate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanate + H2O = carbamate.


cellular response to diphenidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.


CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


kidney cortex tubule cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a kidney cortex tubule cell (specialized epithelial cell of the kidney) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of the plasma membrane potential.


negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha production

The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pore-mediated entry of viral genome into host cell

Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.


cranial nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


oxysterol transfer activity

Removes oxysterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


proximal straight tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.


histone ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone substrate.


3',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 3',3' GAMP).


thrombopoietin receptor activity

Combining with the glycoprotein thrombopoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.


ATPase-coupled L-glutamate tranmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-glutamate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate(in).


modulation by symbiont of host transcription

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ferrichrome transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a ferrichrome from one side of a membrane to the other. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


apocarotenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


antigen processing and presentation following macropinocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via macropinocytosis.


juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a juxtaglomerulus cell.


spermidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


thiamine diphosphate dephosphorylation

The removal of one or more phosphate groups from thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


di-n-butyltin dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibutyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutylbutyltin.


ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


halogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + oxygen donor = R-C-halogen +H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


mating-type P-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone P-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. P-factor is a polypeptide of 23 residues, with the sequence Thr-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Phe-Leu-Arg-Ala-Tyr-Gln-Ser-Trp-Asn-Thr-Phe-Val-Asn-Pro-Asp-Arg-Pro-Asn-Leu, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Plus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + O2 = cis-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.


3-chlorocatechol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-chlorocatechol.


24-methylenecycloartanol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenecycloartanol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-3-[(6Z)-6-(carboxymethylene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]-2-oxopropanate.


negative regulation of autophagic cell death

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.


establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulates the shaping of a cell.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


galacturonate binding

Binding to a galacturonate. Galacturonate is the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of copper into a copper-sulfur cluster.


3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid -> 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + CO2.


xylan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.


lateral geniculate nucleus development

The progression of the lateral geniculate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina.


CAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAA codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + L-tryptophan = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-2-methyltryptophan + H+.


vascular endothelial cell response to pulsatile fluid shear stress

Any response to pulsatile fluid shear stress that occurs in a vascular endothelial cell.


sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine.


dorsal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


(S)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.


altruistic, chimeric, non-reproductive fruiting body development

Development of a chimeric, non-reproductive fruiting body in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + H+ + NADH.


GDP-mannose hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + H2O = GMP + mannose-1-phosphate.


suppression of host RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the host's RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


fructan beta-fructosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2,1- and 2,6-linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


tropine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + tropine = H+ + NADPH + tropinone.


2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.


dibenzofuran 4,4a-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzofuran + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl + NAD+.


positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


negative regulation of ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


ethanolamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).


priRNA 3'-end processing

The process of forming the mature 3' end of a priRNA molecule.


neuromedin K receptor activity

Combining with neuromedin K, the peptide Asp-Met-His-Asp-Phe-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


T-helper 2 cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a T helper 2 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


suppression by virus of host cell wall biogenesis

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall biogenesis in the host organism. Cell wall biogenesis includes the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and the assembly and arrangement of these constituent parts.


substrate mycelium formation

The process by which, in some fungal species, hyphae grow as a network of invasive thread-like filaments formed from chains of attached cells within a solid or semi-solid substrate.


7-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 7-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


histone H3K72 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 72) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 72).


phragmoplast microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in phragmoplast, a plant cell specific structure that forms during late cytokinesis. Phragmoplast serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


thymidylate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = 7,8-dihydrofolate + thymidylate.


D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + A = AH(2) + pyruvate.


2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + coenzyme M + NADP+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + CO2 + NADPH.


mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesangial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADH.


ent-kaurene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-kaur-16-ene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.


proline 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


CDP-glycerol diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-glycerol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CMP + 2 H+.


histone H3K4 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4).


asperthecin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


baculum development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the baculum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nuclear speck organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized.


regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter

Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producting tubes with a cirumference of two cells.


forebrain-midbrain boundary formation

The process whose specific outcome is the creation of the forebrain-midbrain boundary.


nicotinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinate.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


amoeboid sperm motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of an amoeboid sperm cell.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


neural crest cell delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


low-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the low-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


Catalysis of the 3-O-acetylation of a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.


ferulate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


alginic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).


nitrobenzene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.


cerebellar molecular layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar molecular layer to attain its fully functional state. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


(4S)-limonene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4S)-limonene + diphosphate.


mRNA alternative polyadenylation

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules with variable 3'-end length formation from a given pre-mRNA by differential use of cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals).


heme O metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


negative regulation of cellotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.


xylene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: toluene + 1/2 O2 = benzyl alcohol, and xylene + 1/2 O2 = methylbenzyl alcohol.


negative regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


cranial ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


purine nucleotide binding

Binding to a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


ABC-type cysteine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cysteine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + cysteine(in/out).


response to streptomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + demethylmacrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + macrocin.


cotyledon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.


molecular condensate scaffold activity

Binding and bringing together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to organize as a molecular condensate.


positive regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


crotonobetaine-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + crotono-betaine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + crotonobetainyl-CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y.


envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.


regulation of response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


glutamate synthase activity

Catalysis of the formation of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate from L-glutamate, using NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin as hydrogen acceptors.


protein-keratan sulfate linkage via keratan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine

Keratan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and threonine residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',4',5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate = 5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate.


carotene 7,8-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: neurosporene + donor-H2 + O2 = lycopene + acceptor + 2 H2O.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


DNA beta-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


1-18:2-2-18:2-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:2-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


protein dehydration

The removal of a water group from a protein amino acid.


2-naphthoate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthoyl-CoA + OH- = 2-naphthoate + CoASH.


tungsten incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of tungsten into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


positive regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fusion

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles fuse.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-35 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of mannotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.


carbon catabolite repression

A process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of the metabolism of other carbon sources.


intermediate-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within an intermediate-density lipoprotein particle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.


head kidney formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the head kidney. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


sulfolactate sulfo-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfolactate = pyruvate + sulfite.


regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.


pancreatic D cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP+ = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid.


2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


dhurrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.


DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair

Any DNA synthesis that is involved in UV-damage excision repair.


chalcone isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a chalcone = a flavanone.


RNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between a hydroxyl group at the end of one RNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.


head kidney development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the head kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


negative regulation of membrane permeability

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


all-trans-neoxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of all-trans-neoxanthin.


sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a perthiol + 4 Fe3+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + a thiol + 4 Fe2+ + 8 H+.


alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


oxytetracycline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxytetracycline.


zeatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


stevioside glucosyltransferase activity (rebaudioside A forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: stevioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rebaudioside A + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,4'-dimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = sulfurous acid + branched-chain dodecyl-4-hydroxy-benzene + sulfite.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

The process resulting in the oriented physical partitioning and separation of a chondrocytes in the growth plate.


plastid outer membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


phosphagen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


positive regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.