Infiltrating Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma with Squamous Differentiation

An infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the ureter that exhibits squamous differentiation.


Stage II Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

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Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than or equal to 4 cm. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm or with subserosal invasion or involvement of the mesoappendix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor

A testicular Sertoli cell tumor characterized by the presence of large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm in a myxoid and hyalinized stroma. Calcifications may be present in the stroma. Malignant behavior is uncommon.


Congenital Bleeding Disorder

A bleeding disorder that is diagnosed during childhood, with the presenting symptom of excessive bleeding.


Other and Unspecified Infectious and Parasitic Diseases and their Sequelae

Unspecified infectious and parasitic diseases and their sequelae other than those otherwise specified.


Current Cytomegalovirus Infection

Cytomegalovirus infection is evident at the time of testing.


Stage IV Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Tumor has involved (biopsy-proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum, or has spread to adjacent organs. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis including inguinal lymph nodes, lung, liver, bone, or intraperitoneal metastases. Metastases to pelvic or paraaortic lymph nodes, or vagina are excluded. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Low Grade Liver Dysplastic Nodule

A hepatic dysplastic nodule characterized by the presence of low grade atypical cellular changes.


Advanced Carcinoma Of Unknown Primary

A carcinoma of unknown primary that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Recurrent Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

The reemergence of a primary malignant central nervous system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Postpartum Uterine Inversion

Protrusion of the uterine fundus through the cervix when the placenta fails to detach from the uterus as it exits.


Human Papillomavirus-Independent Cervical Adenocarcinoma

Cervical adenocarcinoma not associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to distal anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T1-4b, N1a, M0); (T1-4b, N2a, M0); (T1-4a, N1b, M0); (T1-4a, N2b, M0); (T1-4a, N2c, M0).  T1-4b: Ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  T1-4a: Non-ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  N1a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2c: Cutaneous melanoma with intralymphatic metastases (in transit or satellite metastases) without metastatic nodes.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Cervical Squamous Neoplasm

A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the cervix. Representative examples include condyloma acuminatum, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of bladder

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the bladder.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Signet Ring Variant

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of signet ring cells in the affected glands.


Focal acute inflammation

An inflammatory process characterized by the localized collection of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.


Recurrent Childhood Kidney Neoplasm

The reemergence of renal neoplasm in childhood after a period of remission.


FIGO Stage IB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Recurrent Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia

The reemergence of aggressive NK-cell leukemia after a period of remission.


Benign neoplasm of pineal gland

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the pineal region.


Post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis

Progression of polycythemia vera characterized by decreased erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis, reticulin and collagen fibrosis of the bone marrow, leucoerythroblastic reaction in the peripheral blood, poikilocytosis, tear-drop shaped red blood cells, and splenomegaly.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage 0


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline DDX41 Mutation

An autosomal dominant familial myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia syndrome characterized by inherited mutations in the gene on chromosome 5 encoding the DEAD box RNA helicase DDX41. Patients usually present with leukopenia, hypocellular bone marrow with prominent erythroid dysplasia and a normal karyotype, often leading to erythroleukemia. The prognosis is generally poor. (WHO 2017)


Unresectable Glioma

A glioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Visual Pathway Neoplasm

A neoplasm that affects the visual pathway.


Polyclonal Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder


Recurrent Primary Bone Lymphoma

The reemergence of primary lymphoma of bone after a period of remission.


Metastatic Appendix Carcinoma

Carcinoma of the appendix that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


AIDS-Related Anal Carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the anus and occurring in HIV-positive patients. Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to the general male population. Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus is detected in the majority of the cases.


Schwannoma of the Seventh Cranial Nerve

A benign, usually encapsulated slow growing tumor composed of Schwann cells affecting the seventh cranial nerve.


Locally Advanced Bladder Carcinoma

A bladder carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Congenital Hand and Foot Deformity

A malformation in the hand or foot that is present at birth. Representative examples include syndactyly, polydactyly, brachydactyly, and thumb hypoplasia.


Chronic esophagitis

A chronic inflammatory process affecting the esophageal wall.


Low Grade Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A low grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung.  This category includes typical carcinoid tumor.


Chest Pain in Left Second Intercostal Space

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The location of the chest pain is within the second intercostal space on the left side.


Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

An antiquated term for a diffuse B-or T-cell lymphoma composed of small cleaved lymphocytes, occurring in adults.


Recurrent T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia

The reemergence of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia after a period of remission.


Mixed acidophil-basophil carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic and basic dyes.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted

An oligodendroglioma carrying IDH gene family mutation and combined whole-arm losses of 1p and 19q (1p/19q codeletion).


Tissue Breakdown

A process caused by injury or disease or aging and characterized by a partial/complete disruption of tissue. The disruption may be temporary or permanent and may be associated with either (1) impairment or (2) loss of function of the affected organ(s) or system(s).


Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

A squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Outer Hair Sheath and Infundibulum Neoplasm

A neoplasm involving the outer hair sheath and infundibulum.


Magnocellular nevus

A benign neoplastic melanocytic proliferation within or adjacent to the optic disk. It presents as a pigmented, intraocular tumor.


Stage IVB Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Central Nervous System Hemangioblastoma

A hemangioblastoma arising from structures of the central nervous system.


Juxtaglomerular tumor

A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm arising from the cortex of the kidney. It secrets renin and the patients usually present with severe hypertension and marked hypokalemia. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of sheets of polygonal or spindle-shaped neoplastic cells forming a hemangiopericytic pattern.


Body Substance Discharge

The leakage of a substance from an orifice or wound.


Clinical Stage IIB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Giant Fibrovascular Esophageal Polyp

A benign, elongated intraluminal polypoid neoplasm of the esophagus.  It is characterized by the presence of adipose tissue lobules separated by dense fibrous tissue bands and dilated blood vessels.  The polyp is covered by normal squamous epithelium.


Persistent Hyaloid Vessels

A congenital abnormality of the eye caused by failure of regression of the fetal eye vasculature.


Transport Injury

An injury to an individual during transport between or to/from departments or facilities.


Gastric Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Localized Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma, Gastric Foveolar Type

An unusual, well differentiated adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of tall malignant columnar cells with mucin-containing cytoplasm and basally located nuclei.


Non-T Non-B CALLA Negative Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Non-T non-B, CALLA negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Metastatic Appendix Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Pedestrian Injury By Road Vehicle

An injury to a pedestrian sustained by a vehicle that travels on the road.


Stage IB Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophil

A disorder caused by a dysfunction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).


Closed traumatic dislocation of glenohumeral joint

A closed dislocation of the shoulder


Stage 0 Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ (intramucosal carcinoma; invasion of the lamina propria or extension into but not through the muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Ureter urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor that can be diagnosed only by microscopy with maximum depth of invasion equal or less than 5 mm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage IB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: Vulvar cancer with tumor size greater than 2 cm, or any size with stromal invasion more than 1.0 mm, confined to the vulva or perineum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Kappa Light Chain-Restriction

An increase in the ratio of cells expressing the immunoglobulin light chain (Ig LC) kappa versus those expressing Ig LC lambda in a sample.


Neoplastic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy.  It is characterized by the presence of tissue destruction and effacement of the architecture of the involved tissues.  There is clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin or the T-cell receptor genes.  It includes the following variants: polymorphic, monomorphic, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma type post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.


Stage 0 Vaginal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ (preinvasive carcinoma). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions

A group of rare round and spindle cell sarcomas characterized by the presence of EWSR1 or FUS fusions involving partners unrelated to the ETS gene family. This category includes EWSR1-NFATC2, EWSR1-PATZ1, and FUS-NFATC2 sarcomas.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIA2 includes: T2a2, N0, M0. T2a2: Tumor with involvement limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial invasion measuring more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage I includes: (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T1-2a, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X).  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less. cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  Gleason X: Gleason score cannot be processed.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b, G1); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b, G2, G3, or GX); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c, Any G). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M1a: Intraperitoneal acellular mucin, without identifiable tumor cells in the disseminated peritoneal mucinous deposits. M1b: Intraperitoneal metastasis only, including peritoneal mucinous deposits containing tumor cells. M1c: Metastasis to sites other than peritoneum. G1: Well differentiated. G2: Moderately differentiated. G3: Poorly differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Uterine Cervix Cyst

A cyst in the uterine cervix.


Hallucinogen dependence, continuous

Physical and psychological dependence on hallucinogenics, which is associated with a pattern of continuous use.


Regressing Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

The disappearance of the melanoma cells from the primary non-cutaneous melanoma site.


IgM monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance defined by a serum IgM paraprotein concentration less than 30g/L; bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of less than 10%; and no evidence of anemia, constitutional symptoms, hyperviscocity, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or other end-organ damage that can be attributed to the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. It is a precursor condition that may progress to lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/ Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, other B-cell neoplasms, or primary amyloidosis. Progression to plasma cell myeloma occurs rarely, if at all. (WHO 2017)


Stage IIIB Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Secondary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the central nervous system following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Malignant gastrinoma of pancreas

A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the pancreas.  It is characterized by inappropriate secretion of gastrin and associated with Zollinger Ellison syndrome.  It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Benign nipple neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises in the area of the nipple.


Intermediate Chondrogenic Neoplasm

A locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing cartilaginous matrix-producing neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic chondrocytes.


Liver Teratoma

A teratoma that arises from the liver.


Non-Organic Failure to Thrive

Failure to thrive caused by inadequate intake due to environmental influences, stimulus deprivation- poverty, feeding techniques, or psychological reason, and without any apparent growth-inhibiting organic disorder.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Urethral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A rare urethral squamous cell carcinoma that is related to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the urinary tract.


Papillary mucinous cystadenoma, borderline malignancy

A low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm usually arising from the ovary. It is composed of glandular cells with intracytoplasmic mucin. It is characterized by an atypical epithelial proliferation and a papillary growth pattern. There is no evidence of destructive stromal invasion.


Locally Advanced Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues.


Stage IIA Bone Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(11;17)(q13;q21)

Acute myeloid leukemia with the variant RARA t(11;17)(q13;q21) and the expression of NUMA1-RARA fusion protein.


familial meningioma

A meningioma that is transmitted from the parents to an offspring.


Stage III Low-CSD Melanoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: Any T, N1-3, M0.  Stage III is divided into three pathologic subgroups: IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.  There are no clinical subgroups for stage III.  N1: Cutaneous melanoma with metastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2: Cutaneous melanoma with metastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Unresectable Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Epithelial hyperplasia of skin

A hyperplasia of the epidermis.


Morbidly adherent placenta (disorder)

A condition in which the placenta implants abnormally into the uterine myometrium, rather than implanting into the uterine decidua basalis as is normal.


Stage IVB Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M1b: Metastasis in the bone or other distant sites. (AJCC 8th ed.)


A psychological or behavioral condition that existed previously and is genetic in nature.


Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system or the thoracic organs.


clear cell type neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical cells with clear cytoplasm.


Stage IIA1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA1 includes: T2a1, N0, M0.  Tumor invades beyond uterus but no to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. No parametrial invasion.  T2a1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Spindle cell melanoma, type A

A melanoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle-shaped melanocytes with slender nuclei and no visible nucleoli. Representative example is the type A spindle cell uveal melanoma.


Post-traumatic wound infection

Infection of a wound following trauma.


Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage II includes: IIA (T2, N0, M0, G3); IIB (T3, N0, M0, Any G); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G).  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. G3: Poorly differentiated.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Anogenital papillomaviral intraepithelial neoplasia


Ovarian Rupture

Tearing or disruption of the ovarian tissue.


Gastric Juvenile Polyp

A non-neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of elongated, tortuous, and cystic foveolar zones, edematous changes, and inflammation.  It may be associated with juvenile polyposis in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.


Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis affecting the bone.


Low Grade Conjunctival Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process with low-grade dysplastic features involving the conjunctival epithelium.


Radiation necrosis

Tissue necrosis due to radiation exposure.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Epidemic Myalgia

A condition in which there is myositis secondary to an infectious etiology. (ACC/AHA)


Recurrent AL Amyloidosis

The reemergence of AL amyloidosis after a period of remission.


Serous cystadenoma, borderline malignancy

A serous cystic glandular epithelial neoplasm of low malignant potential. It is characterized by the presence of atypical or malignant glandular epithelial cells with an absence of stromal invasion.


Ann Arbor Stage II Subdiaphragmatic Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma


Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Lugano Classification Stage I Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymphatic site (i.e., nodal region, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Urinary straining

The need to increase intra-abdominal pressure in order to initiate and maintain voiding.


Somatostatinoma, malignant

A neuroendocrine tumor arising from delta cells which produce somatostatin. It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced

A neoplasm that develops as a result of exposure to radiation.


COVID-19-Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalitis

Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: IIIA1: T1/2, N1, M0; IIIA2: T3a, N0/N1, M0. T1: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube(s). T2: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor involving fallopian tubes with pelvic extension below pelvic brim. T3a: Fallopian tube cancer with microscopic extrapelvic (above the pelvic brim) peritoneal involvement with or without positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma

A transitional cell carcinoma characterized by a micropapillary growth pattern. Typical example is the micropapillary variant of infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma.


Glioneuroma of ciliary body

A congenital choristoma in the ciliary body. It consists of a mass of mature glial and neuronal cells without neoplastic potential in an otherwise healthy child; there is usually an adjacent coloboma of the anterior uvea and retina. (WHO 2018)


Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy

A subtype of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) occurring in approximately 40 percent of boys with ALD, primarily affecting the cerebrum, resulting in rapidly declining neurocognitive function and in most patients, premature death.


Clinical Chemistry Finding

The results of any chemical or enzymatic analyses of body fluids and tissues of an organism.


Refractory Ocular Melanoma

Ocular melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


Increased Time To Concomitant Drug Peak Blood Concentration

Increased time following concomitant drug administration at which the peak drug blood concentration occurs.


Castration-Naive Prostate Carcinoma

Advanced prostatic carcinoma which was not previously treated with androgen-deprivation therapy.


Withdrawal (dysfunction)

A social or emotional detachment, pathological retreat from objective reality, interpersonal contact and social involvement, as in some forms of schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid, avoidant, or schizotypal personality disorders.


Muscular Dystrophy Secondary to Oxidative Phosphorylation Disorder

A muscular dystrophy that was caused by a primary disorder of oxidative phosphorylation.


Refractory Malignant Skin Neoplasm

Malignant skin neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into subserosa or into mesoappendix.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


COVID-19-Associated Albuminuria

Albuminuria caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Intraductal papillary neoplasm with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia

An intraductal papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial atypia.


Stage 0a Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0a includes: Ta, N0, M0. Ta: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Non-invasive papillary carcinoma. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Defective Gamma Heavy Chain Present

An indication that cells expressing a mutated or defective form of immunoglobulin heavy chain gamma have been detected in a sample.


Stage IIIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscular layer.  T2: Tumor invades perimuscular connective tissue; no extension beyond serosa or into liver. T3: Tumor perforates the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invades the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts.  N1: Metastases to nodes along the cystic duct, common bile duct, hepatic artery, and/or portal vein. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Phobia of driving

An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of operating a motor vehicle.


Refractory Bladder Carcinoma

Bladder carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IIIC Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T3: Tumor larger than 5 cm. T4: Tumor of any size invading adjacent organ(s), such as the vagina, urethra, or bladder. N1: Metastasis in inguinal, mesorectal, internal iliac, or external iliac nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Facial Nerve Palsy Related to Trauma

Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of an individual's face that is caused by trauma.


Chemotherapy-Related Leukemia

A leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents that are used for the treatment of a malignant tumor.


Posterior Fossa Ependymoma

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises in the posterior fossa. The diagnosis of posterior fossa ependymoma should be made either when molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling cannot assign a molecular group (not elsewhere classified -NEC) or when the molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling was unsuccessful or not reported (not otherwise specified-NOS).


Recurrent Appendix Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of appendix adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Poorly Differentiated Malignant Neoplasm

A neoplasm whose histologic characteristics have regressed and are more similar to stem cells.


Advanced Digestive System Carcinoma

Digestive system carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in which information on the p16 immunohistochemistry or HPV testing status is not available.


Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy

Partial or complete paralysis of the vestibulocochlear nerve.


Metastatic Vulvar Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the vulva and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Post inflammatory hydrocephalus

An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain that occurs as a consequence of a central nervous system inflammation.


Current HIV Infection

Human immunodeficiency virus infection is evident at the time of testing.


Localized Cerebral Neoplasm

A cerebral neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Infection of hemodialysis catheter

A local or systemic infection associated with the use of a hemodialysis catheter.


Urothelial carcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Cranial Nerve Infection

An infectious process affecting a cranial nerve.


Stage IB Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: (pT2, N0, M0, S0); (pT3, N0, M0, S0); (pT4, N0, M0, S0). pT2: Testicular cancer which is limited to testis (including rete testis invasion) with lymphovascular invasion or invades hilar soft tissue or epididymis or penetrates visceral mesothelial layer covering the external surface of tunica albuginea with or without lymphovascular invasion. pT3: Testicular cancer in which the tumor invades spermatic cord with or without lymphovascular invasion. pT4: Testicular cancer in which the tumor invades scrotum with or without lymphovascular invasion. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Tuberculosis of urinary organs

The infection of a urinary organ due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Contact dermatitis due to dichromate

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by exposure to dichromate.


Vaginal Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of polygonal squamous cells. Intercellular bridges and cytoplasmic keratinization may be present, but keratin pearls are absent.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes after a period of remission.


Micropapillary carcinoma

A carcinoma characterized by the presence of a predominant micropapillary pattern.


Transfusion Dependent Beta Thalassemia

Beta thalassemia that results in severe anemia and requires regular blood transfusions for patient survival.


Locally Recurrent Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of skin squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Pancreaticobiliary Malunion

An abnormality of the pancreatic and biliary ducts in which their junction occurs above the duodenal wall.


Stage IVA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, G1.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Intraperitoneal metastasis beyond the right lower quadrant, including pseudomyxoma peritonei.  G1: Well differentiated tumor.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Kidney Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A rare solitary fibrous tumor arising from the kidney.


Lugano Classification Adult Lymphoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A staging system for adult Hodgkin and adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas based on the Lugano classification criteria. This staging system does not apply to ocular adnexal lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for ocular adnexal lymphoma), pediatric lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for pediatric lymphoma), primary cutaneous lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for primary cutaneous lymphoma), and multiple myelomas (are staged according to the classification for plasma cell myeloma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adult Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges occurring in adults.  Representative examples of primary neoplasms include astrocytoma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, and neurilemoma.  Representative examples of tumor metastases from other organs to the central nervous system include lung and breast carcinoma.


Locally Advanced Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Benign Diencephalic Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm of the diencephalon.


Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA 20 or more, Grade Group 1-4; IIIB: T3-4, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 1-4; IIIC: Any T, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 5. T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. T3: Prostate cancer with extraprostatic tumor that is not fixed or does not invade adjacent structures. T4: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. Grade Group 5: Gleason Score 9 or 10, Gleason Pattern 4+5, or 5+4, or 5+5. (AJCC 8th ed.)


recurrent gastric cancer

The reemergence of gastric carcinoma after a period of remission.


Chronic superficial gastritis

Persistent inflammation of the superficial portion of the gastric mucosa.  It is a condition that predisposes to the development of ulcer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.


Stage II Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring 2-4 cm. T3: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring more than 4 cm; or tumor invading the duodenum or bile duct. N0: No regional lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bladder Hemangioma

A hemangioma that arises from the bladder. Most tumors occur in adults.


Primary malignant neoplasm of independent multiple sites

A malignant neoplasm arising in multiple primary sites.


Abnormal Glucose Level Finding

A finding that either fasting or postprandial blood glucose levels are above or below the normal thresholds.


Lymphoma/Leukemia by Kiel Classification (Antiquated)


Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


Corneal decompensation

Endothelial decompensation that is manifested by opacity of the cornea. The condition often occurs as a nonspecific response to mechanical injury from incidental corneal contact by intraocular instruments during surgery; chemical injury from the improper use of intraocular drugs, drugs containing preservatives, or from residues from inadequate rinsing of detergents or other residues from surgical instruments. The most common causes of corneal endothelial decompensation in the adult population are cataract removal/IOL-related endothelial loss and Fuchs dystrophy. When severe, corneal endothelial decompensation requires corneal transplantation.


Stage IIIB Gastric Carcinoma

Stage IIIB includes: (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0).  T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Congenital Systemic Disorder

An inherited disorder that presents with systemic manifestations.


Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

An intraepithelial lesion of the vulvar squamous epithelium associated with HPV infection. It is characterized by loss of maturation, nuclear hyperchromasia, high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios, cytological and architectural atypia, and mitoses. Two morphological patterns have been described: basaloid (undifferentiated) and warty (condylomatous, bowenoid). It carries a significant but relatively low risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma if untreated. (WHO 2020)


Stage I Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6

Stage I includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Melanoma is less than or equal to 1.0mm in thickness with or without ulceration.  T1b: Melanoma is less than or equal to 1.0mm in thickness and level IV or V with ulceration. T2a: Melanoma 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, no ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.-2003


Cortical Cataract Grade 3

A stage of cortical cataract characterized by 50-90% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Gastric Schwannoma

A rare schwannoma that arises from the stomach.  It follows a benign clinical course.


Climacteric arthritis

Arthritis that occurs during menopause.


Advanced Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Adult Diffuse Astrocytoma

A low grade (WHO grade II) astrocytoma occurring during adulthood.  It is characterized by a high degree of cellular differentiation, slow growth, and diffuse infiltration of neighboring brain structures.


Recurrent Ependymal Tumor

The reemergence of an ependymal tumor after a period of remission.


Stage III Vulvar Cancer AJCC v6

Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor of any size with contiguous spread to the lower urethra and/or vagina or anus. N1: Unilateral regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to anus

An epithelial or non-epithelial malignant neoplasm that has spread to the anus from another anatomic site.


Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma

The reemergence of Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Neoplastic Nodule

A benign or malignant growth composed of proliferating neoplastic cells.


Low Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Anal canal or perianal skin intraepithelial neoplasia with mild dysplasia.


Botryoid odontogenic cyst

The multicystic variant of lateral periodontal cyst. (WHO 2017)


Malignant Accessory Urethral Gland Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm involving the accessory urethral glands.


Condyloma anal

A human papillomavirus-related neoplasm arising from the anus. Morphologically, it is characterized by an exophytic papillary proliferation of squamous cells and acanthosis.


Focal Mammary Duct Ectasia

Localized widening of the lumen of the mammary ducts.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Sarcomatoid Variant

Bladder sarcomatoid variant urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Factor Negative

A category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis defined by the presence of arthritis affecting five or more separate joints during the first six months of disease, with negative serologic testing for rheumatoid factor.


Childhood L1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Neoplasm of lacrimal duct

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the lacrimal duct.


Sickle Beta Plus Thalassemia

A mild form of sickle cell thalassemia characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S and a small amount of hemoglobin A in the red blood cells. It is characterized by the presence of small red blood cells and mild anemia.


Refractory Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that is resistant to treatment.


Recurrent Anaplastic (Malignant) Meningioma

The reemergence of anaplastic (malignant) meningioma after a period of remission.


Biclonal gammopathy

A primary disturbance in immunoglobulin synthesis characterized by the presence of two distinct monoclonal immunoglobulins in the serum or urine.


Cyst of biliary tract

A cystic dilatation that occurs in any part of the biliary tree.


Malignant Lymphoma, Large Cell Type

An antiquated term that refers to a morphologic variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which is composed predominantly or exclusively of large neoplastic lymphocytes.


Decreased NCF4 Expression

An indication that the expression of NCF4 is lower than the normal range of values.


Bladder Sphincter Dysfunction

Non-coordinated, reflexive contraction of the bladder and sphincter relaxation.


Injury of lumbar spinal cord

An injury to the lumbar spinal cord.


Congenital supraventricular tachycardia

A disorder present at birth characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia that originates above the ventricles.


Recurrent Diffuse Astrocytoma

The reemergence of diffuse astrocytoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Malignant Bone Neoplasm

Malignant bone neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Gallbladder Papillary Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


Recurrent Aplastic Anemia

The reemergence of aplastic anemia after a period of remission.


Vaginal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gastric-Type

Vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of gastric differentiation.


Aromatic Dyes-Related Malignant Neoplasm


Childhood Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage I

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (Rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Adult Primary Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

A primary meningeal melanocytic neoplasm that occurs in adults.


Radiating Chest Pain Along Left Anterior Axillary Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along the left anterior axillary line.


Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: (T1a, N0, M0, G2, 3-4); (T1b, N0, M0, Any G); (T1c, N0, M0, Any G); (T1, N0, M0, Any G); (T2, N0, M0, Any G).  T1: Clinically inapparent tumor neither palpable nor visible by imaging.  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g. because of elevated PSA).  T2: Tumor confined with in the prostate.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia) (Gleason 5-6). G 3-4: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia) (Gleason 7-10).  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Treatment related leukaemia

A leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents that are used for the treatment of a malignant tumor or exposure to ionizing radiation.


Adult Grade II Meningioma

A grade II meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


Appendix High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion that affects the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Metastatic Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


46,XY Ovotesticular Differences of Sex Development

The presence of ovarian and testicular tissue in the an individual with 46,XY karyotype. The anatomical expression of this condition is variable.


Serum CA 19-9 Elevated

The amount of cancer antigen 19-9 present in a serum sample is elevated.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage III


Conjunctival Junctional Nevus

A junctional nevus that arises from the conjunctiva. It occurs almost exclusively in the juxtalimbal bulbar conjunctiva. It is characterized by an intraepithelial proliferation of type A nevus cells and/ or type B nevus cells.


Grade III Childhood Astrocytoma

An anaplastic astrocytoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


Monomorphic T/NK-Cell Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by destructive infiltration of lymph nodes and extranodal sites by a monotonous population of transformed T-lymphocytes/NK-cells.  The clonal cellular infiltrates fulfill the criteria for any of the T-cell or natural killer cell lymphomas.


Refractory Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Congenital Adrenal Gland Disorder

A genetic disorder that affects the adrenal gland.  It includes adrenal gland hyperplasia and adrenal gland hypoplasia.


Non-Neoplastic Gonadal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the testis or the ovary. Representative examples include gonadal agenesis, dysgenesis, and hypogonadism.


Stage IV Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  N1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Schizophrenia, Childhood

Schizophrenia occurring in childhood.


Invasive Prostate Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is not confined to the prostatic epithelium but has spread to the surrounding stroma of the prostate gland.  The vast majority of invasive prostate carcinomas are adenocarcinomas.


Retroperitoneal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the retroperitoneum.


Non-Neoplastic Anal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anus. Representative examples include hemorrhoids, ulcers, and infections.


Benign Accessory Urethral Gland Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm arising from the accessory urethral glands.


Stage II Non-Contiguous Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Childhood Ependymal Tumor

An ependymal tumor that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage II Anal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T2, N0, M0; IIB: T3, N0, M0. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but equal to or smaller than 5 cm. T3: Tumor larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Aggressive Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Prostate adenocarcinoma that metastasizes quickly to other anatomic sites. It usually has a Gleason score between 8 and 10, a PSA level higher than 20 ng/ml, and is classified as T3b or T4.


Stage IVC Oral Cavity Verrucous Carcinoma


Kidney Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

An epithelial neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the kidney.  It includes neuroendocrine tumor, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and paraganglioma.


Cancer-Associated Anorexia

Loss of appetite associated with cancer or its treatment.


Locally Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Mucosal Melanoma

Mucosal melanoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Schizophrenia, Disorganized

A subtype of schizophrenia characterized by disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and a flat or inappropriate affect; associated features include grimacing, mannerisms, and other oddities of behavior. Criteria for the catatonic type of schizophrenia are not met.


Cervical Stratified Mucin-Producing Intraepithelial Lesion

A rare, human papillomavirus-associated premalignant glandular intraepithelial neoplasm that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of stratiﬁed, immature epithelial cells containing varying quantities of intracytoplasmic mucin. There is no evidence of stromal invasion. It is distinct from conventional cervical squamous or glandular intraepithelial neoplasias.


Metanephric Tumor

A neoplasm arising from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct areas of the kidney.


Localized Neoplasm

A neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


COVID-19-Associated Hematuria

Hematuria caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Benign neuroendocrine tumor

A paraganglioma that is confined to the site of origin.


Continent Epispadias

Epispadias with urinary continence.


Therapy-Related Toxicity - Acceptable to Patient

Indicates that a toxicity adverse effect has been experienced by a patient, but it is not severe enough for the patient to discontinue the treatment.


Ann Arbor Stage I Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma


stenosis of supravalvular pulmonary artery

Stenosis of the pulmonary artery that occurs above the valve.


Abscess of adrenal gland

An abscess that is located in the adrenal gland.


Stage I Esophageal Cancer

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  TI: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) -2003


Enteropathic spondylitis

A form of spondyloarthritis that is found in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease.


Adult Acute Erythroid Leukemia

An acute erythroid leukemia occurring in adults.


Cervical Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A cervical adenocarcinoma that cannot be classified by WHO criteria or International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC).


Stage IS Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IS includes: Any pT/TX, N0, M0, S1-3. TX: Testicular cancer in which the primary tumor cannot be assessed. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S1: LDH less than 1.5 x N and hCG (mlU/mL) less than 5,000 and AFP (ng/mL) less than 1,000. S2: LDH 1.5-10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) 5,000-50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) 1,000-10,000. S3: LDH more than 10 x N or hCG (mlU/mL) more than 50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) more than 10,000. N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Radiating Chest Pain Along Midclavicular Line

The location of the radiating chest pain is along an imaginary vertical line on the chest originating from the midpoint of a clavicle.


Senile Sebaceous Hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. It is usually seen as small yellow papules in the face of middle aged-older population.


Malignant blue nevus of skin

A rare melanoma which develops in a pre-existing blue nevus. It occurs more frequently on the scalp, face, orbit, back, buttocks, extremities, hands, and feet.


Thoracic Diseases

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thorax and/or the organs of the thoracic cavity.  Representative examples include pleural infection, mediastinitis, thymoma, mediastinal lymphoma, and pleural mesothelioma.


Localized Esophageal Carcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma that is confined to the site in which it initially manifested without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Appendix Traditional Serrated Adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by prominent serration of the glands.


Sign

Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining healthcare provider.


Delusional disorder, mixed type

A subtype of delusional disorder applied when no one delusional theme (such as grandiose, jealous, persecutory) predominates.


Irritation

A mild inflammatory tissue reaction; it can be caused by physical contact with an irritant or can be a local response to a systemic trigger.


Clinical Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: Any T, Tis, N1 or More, M0. Tis: Melanoma in situ. Thickness: Not applicable. Ulceration status: Not applicable. N1: One tumor-involved node or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with no tumor-involved nodes. N2: Two or three tumor-involved nodes or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with one tumor-involved node. N3: Four or more tumor-involved nodes or in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases with two or more tumor-involved nodes, or any number of matted nodes without or with in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gliomatosis Cerebri Type I

A classic form of gliomatosis cerebri. It is characterized by diffuse growth of neoplastic glial tissue without any focal mass.


Refractory Glioma

Glioma that does not respond to treatment.


cytotoxicity

The adverse effect of some iatrogenic therapies. It is an accepted side effect in radiation therapy where the desired effect is to kill rapidly growing tumor cells.  In the killing of tumor cells, other cells that are rapidly growing e.g hair, mucous membranes are also killed.


Splenic marginal zone lymphoma stage III


Clotting of extracorporeal circuit

Thrombus formation within an apparatus that carries blood outside of the body, such as pheresis, dialysis or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).


Regional Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has not spread to other regions.


Chronic iridocyclitis

Uveitis that is usually insidious in onset, bilateral, and can be asymptomatic, most often affecting the anterior uveal tract, including the iris and ciliary body, and can result in long-term complications. It is most commonly associated with certain forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but may occur independent of arthritis.


Castration-Sensitive Prostate Carcinoma

Metastatic prostatic carcinoma which is sensitive to androgen-deprivation therapy.


Stage I Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Benign tumor of seminal vesicle

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the seminal vesicle.


Ectopic adrenal cortex

A term that refers to the presence of benign adrenal cortical tissue outside the adrenal glands.


Carcinomatosis

Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to an anatomic site or throughout the body.


Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

Cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of maturation in the upper half of the squamous epithelium and conspicuous nuclear atypia which is present in all epithelial layers.  Mitotic figures are present in the basal two thirds of the epithelium.


Prostate cancer stage A

A clinically undetectable tumor confined to the prostate gland, normally an incidental finding during surgery.


Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome-Related Lymphoma

A lymphoma that arises in the context of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.


Melanotic neurofibroma

A rare neurofibroma characterized by the presence of melanin-laden cells and the absence of atypia.


Solid carcinoma

A carcinoma morphologically characterized by the presence of solid sheets of malignant epithelial cells in tissues.


astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 4

IDH-mutant astrocytoma characterized by the presence of necrosis and/or microvascular proliferation or homozygous deletion of CDKN2A and/or CDKN2B genes. The term glioblastoma no longer applies to central nervous system WHO grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas. (WHO 2021)


Maturing Ganglioneuroma

A ganglioneuroma characterized by the presence of differentiating neuroblasts, maturing and mature ganglion cells.


Unresectable Paraganglioma

Paraganglioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Osteosarcoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0, G3, G4. T3: Tumor more than 8 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Nodular Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of nodules by the proliferating neoplastic cells.


Stage IV Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage IV: Disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extralymphatic sites with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement with distant (nonregional) nodal involvement. (PDQ)


Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes that is resistant to treatment.


Sharp Chest Pain

The sensation of chest pain described as a stabbing feeling.


Bilateral Thalamic Glioma

A glioma affecting both sides of the thalamus.


Solid Angioleiomyoma

A morphologic variant of angioleiomyoma characterized by the presence of numerous small, slit-like vascular channels.


Air Embolism

The presence of bubbles of air in the vascular system; occurrence is related to the entry of air into the venous circulation following trauma or surgery.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition and Preexisting Platelet Disorders

Myeloid neoplasms associated with germline mutations and familial platelet disorders.


Primary Neoplasm

A tumor at the original site of origin.


Pathologic Stage IIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: (T3b, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3b: Tumor measuring more than 2.0 and equal to or less than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: With ulceration. T4a: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 mm in thickness. Ulceration status: Without ulceration. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected. Presence of in-transit, satellite, and/or microsatellite metastases: No. M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. LDH level is not applicable. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adult Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with PML-RARA

An acute promyelocytic leukemia with PML-RARA fusion occurring in adults.


Infiltrating Bladder Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the bladder mucosa and invades the bladder wall.


Infiltrating Cervical Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the cervix and invades into the stromal tissue.


Intraoperative injury

Trauma to the body occurring during a surgical intervention.


Proximal Urethral Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the proximal part of the urethra.


Foveolar hyperplasia

A hyperplasia of the gastric foveolar epithelium.


Diffuse Low Grade Glioma, FGFR1 Tyrosine Kinase Domain-Duplicated

Diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by internal tandem duplications of the sequences in the FGFR1 gene encoding the tyrosine kinase domain.


Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma with Metaplastic Changes


Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-Alpha Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism due to mutation(s) in the gene HNF1A, encoding the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha. This condition may progress to diabetes later in life.


Injury of brachial plexus

Damage to the nerves in the brachial plexus network. These nerves originate in the spinal column and innervate the shoulder, arm and hand. Often, damage is sustained from overstretching or motor vehicle accidents.


Antepartum Obstetric Air Embolism

Presence of a large air bubble in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the antepartum period.


Immune-mediated adverse reaction

An adverse event resulting from an immune system reaction to a drug or device. It can affect any organ or system.


Examination phobia

An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of taking and failing tests.


Borderline Uterine Ligament Neoplasm

A rare borderline tumor that arises from the broad or other uterine ligaments. The majority of the reported cases are serous cystic tumors.


Adult L1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


Mucolipidosis Type IIIA

A lysosomal storage disease characterized by multiple bone formation abnormalities, progressive joint stiffness, developmental abnormalities, hearing loss, hepatosplenomegaly, increased acne, enlarged tongue, and cornea clouding due to accumulation of lipid substances.


Posterior Fossa Ependymoma, Not Elsewhere Classified

A circumscribed ependymoma that arises in the posterior fossa in which molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling cannot assign a molecular group.


Non-Neoplastic Stomach Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the stomach. Representative examples include gastritis and ulcer.


Poorly Differentiated Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma characterized by the presence of significant cytologic atypia, necrosis and high mitotic activity.


Genitourinary tract gonococcal infection

A genitourinary infection that is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.


Adult Pineal Gland Astrocytoma

A pineal gland astrocytoma that occurs during adulthood.


Ulcer of nipple

Ulcer that develops in the nipple.  Causes include trauma and Paget disease.


Acquired Unilateral Cataract

A cataract in one eye that results from the aging process, an injury, or as a manifestation of a systemic disorder.


High Grade Appendix Mucinous Neoplasm

A rare appendix mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


Stage IB3 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IB3 includes: T1b3, N0, M0. T1b3: Tumor measuring more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Bilateral Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that affects both sides of an organ in a simultaneous or non-simultaneous manner.


Thoracic myelocele

Herniation of spinal cord tissue and meninges through a defect in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. The protrusion of the tissue is flush with the level of the skin surface.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: II (T2, N0, M0); IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0).  T2: Tumor invades cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  T2a: Tumor limited to the glandular epithelium of the endocervix.  There is no evidence of connective tissue stromal invasion.  T2b: Invasion of the stromal connective tissue of the cervix.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Refractory Glioblastoma

A glioblastoma that is resistant to treatment.


Prostate Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Benign Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Epithelial Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile ducts.  Representative examples include hepatocellular adenoma and bile duct adenoma.


Metastatic Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma

An endometrial serous adenocarcinoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


Abdominal and gastrointestinal infections

An infection that affects the gastrointestinal system and the abdomen.


Recurrent Uterine Corpus Cancer

The reemergence of uterine corpus cancer after a period of remission.


Locally Recurrent Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Lymphangioma circumscriptum

A localized lymphangioma characterized by microcystic changes.


Hyperglucagonemia

Abnormally high levels of glucagon in the blood, which may manifest as hyperglycemia and/or necrolytic migratory erythema.


Glandular intraepithelial neoplasia, low grade


Refractory Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma that is resistant to treatment.


anaplastic carcinoma of ureter

Undifferentiated carcinoma that affects the ureter.


Defective Mu Heavy Chain Present

An indication that cells expressing a mutated or defective form of immunoglobulin heavy chain mu have been detected in a sample.


Abdominal Neoplasm, Excluding Pancreas Neoplasm

A  finding of a neoplastic disease in the abdominal cavity, excluding pancreatic neoplastic disease.


Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation of the Prostate Gland

Focal proliferation of small acinar glandular cells in the prostate gland with cytologic changes ranging from atypia to highly suggestive of malignancy.


Gastric carcinoma stage IV

Stage IV includes: (T4, N1-3, M0); (T1-3, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1:Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic in the Pelvic Cavity

A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to the pelvic cavity.


Recurrent Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of oligodendroglioma after a period of remission.


Male Reproductive System Carcinoma

A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the male reproductive system. Representative examples include prostate carcinoma and penile carcinoma.


Affective Disorders, Psychotic

The manifestation of psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, in the presence of a mood disorder.


Holorachischisis

A form of the neural tube defect spina bifida in which the entire spinal column is open.


Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma RTK2

An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase type 2 (RTK2) alterations.


Stage IV Intermediate Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Lugano Classification Stage I Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymphatic site (i.e., nodal region, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Mass

An abnormal growth in the adrenal gland.


Stage III Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: T3, Any N, M0. T3: Tumor extending to pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of vagina, and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Laboratory Test Toxicity

A laboratory test designed to quantify or qualify the poisonous nature of a sample.


Squamous cell carcinoma, large cell, nonkeratinizing

A squamous cell carcinoma composed of large atypical cells, without morphologic evidence of keratin production.


Stage II Esophageal Cancer

Stage II includes: IIA: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0) and IIB: (TI, NI, M0); (T2, NI, M0).  TI: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.) -2003


Benign Lacrimal Drainage System Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal drainage system.


Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

A term that refers to the clinical staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Diffuse Midline Glioma, EGFR-Mutant

A diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered, characterized by the presence of EGFR gene mutation.


Mucosal Infection

An acute or chronic infectious process affecting a mucosal surface.


Stage IIIC2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIIC2 includes: TX, T0, T1-3, N2, M0. TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor strictly confined to the cervix (extension to corpus should be disregarded). T2: Tumor invading beyond the uterus but not to the pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T3: Tumor extending to pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of vagina, and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. The pelvic sidewall is defined as the muscle, fascia, neurovascular structures, and skeletal portions of the bony pelvis. Cases with no cancer-free space between the tumor and pelvic wall by rectal examination are FIGO III. N2: Tumor with regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Endobronchial Nodule

A nodule entirely contained within a bronchus; it may obstruct the airway, but does not breach the bronchial wall.


Breast Adenohibernoma

A breast hamartoma characterized by the presence of brown fat that contains entrapped glands.


Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

An acute lymphoblastic leukemia that originates from pre-B lymphocytes. The pre-B lymphoblasts contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin.


Stage IIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: (cT1a-c, cT2a, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 10 and less than 20, Grade Group 1); (cT2b-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 20, Grade Group 1). cT1a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected. cT1b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is an incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected. cT1c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is identified by needle biopsy found in one or both sides, but not palpable. cT2a: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves one-half of one side or less. cT2b: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves more than one-half of one side but not both sides. cT2c: Prostate cancer in which the tumor involves both sides. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of anal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to all carcinomas arising in the anal canal, including carcinomas that arise within anorectal fistulas and those arising in the perianal area (anal margin). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) are staged using this system. There is no AJCC staging system for anal mucosal melanomas and anal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Well Differentiated Prostate Adenocarcinoma

An invasive prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of well differentiated malignant glandular epithelial components.


Primary Cutaneous Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma primarily involving the skin.  This diagnosis can only be made when there is no evidence of Hodgkin lymphoma in the lymph nodes or other anatomic sites.  Patients usually present with papules or nodular lesions.  Morphologically, primary cutaneous Hodgkin lymphoma may resemble lymphomatoid papulosis or anaplastic large cell lymphoma.  Immunohistochemical tissue evaluation is essential in establishing the diagnosis.


Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Adenocarcinoma

A cervical adenocarcinoma associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


Mucocele of gallbladder

The enlargement of the gallbladder secondary to prolonged obstruction of the cystic duct.


Biliary Tract Carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the intrahepatic bile ducts, hepatic ducts, common bile duct, cystic duct, or gallbladder.


Pancreatic Teratoma

A teratoma that arises from the pancreas.


Tobacco Induced Hyperparakeratosis

Hyperparakeratosis of the oral mucosa caused by chronic tobacco use.  It manifests as oral leukoplakia.


Locally Advanced Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


COL1A1 Associated Connective Tissue Disorder

A group of connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the COL1A1 gene mapped to chromosome 17q21. It includes the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and osteoporosis.


Stage 0 Esophageal Cancer AJCC v6

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Splenic Infection

An infectious process affecting the spleen. Predisposing factors include immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, and sickle cell anemia. Infectious agents include bacteria (e.g., staphylococcus and streptococcus) and fungi.


High Grade Corneal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process with high-grade dysplastic features involving the corneal epithelium.


Skin Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma that arises from the skin. It usually affects the palms, soles, and distal digits.


Glucose-6-Phosphatase 3 Deficiency

An autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the G6PC3 gene. It is characterized by the absence or presence of very low levels of glucose-6-phosphatase 3. Patients may develop severe congenital neutropenia.


Conventional Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma that is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus.


Breast fibroadenolipoma

A benign, circumscribed and usually encapsulated lesion of the breast.  It contains all the components of the breast tissue.


Intraductal Prostate Carcinoma

An intra-acinar and/or intraductal neoplastic epithelial proliferation in the prostate gland that has some features of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia but exhibits much greater architectural and/or cytological atypia, typically associated with high-grade, high-stage prostate carcinoma. (WHO 2016)


Resectable Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Ionizing Radiation-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm arising in an anatomic site exposed to ionizing radiation.


Fascial fibrosarcoma

A malignant fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the fascial connective tissue.


Transplant-Related Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

A bladder urothelial carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Increased


Vaginal Basaloid Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant basaloid squamous cells with scant amounts of cytoplasm.


Ventral Hernia with Obstruction without Mention of Gangrene

The protrusion of contents of the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall, at the site of the linea alba, which results in obstruction, without mention of necrosis of the herniated contents.


Autosomal Dominant Neurohypophyseal Diabetes Insipidus

An autosomal dominant form of diabetes insipidus caused by mutation(s) in the AVP gene encoding arginine vasopressin.


Advanced Bone Sarcoma

A bone sarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1: M1: Distant metastasis, including pleural effusion with positive cytology; liver or splenic parenchymal metastasis; metastasis to extra-abdominal organs (including inguinal lymph nodes and lymph nodes outside the abdominal cavity); and transmural involvement of intestine. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Decreased PARP Enzyme Activity

A finding indicating that a sample is expressing lower levels of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase enzyme activity than that expressed by a reference or comparative sample.


Recurrent Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Anal Carcinoma

Anal carcinoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Undifferentiated Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

An invasive carcinoma arising from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of a diffuse malignant infiltrate that is composed of epithelial cells without evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Transfusion dependent thalassaemia

Thalassemia that results in severe anemia and requires regular blood transfusions for patient survival.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to nervous system

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the nervous system.  This may be from a primary nervous system malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of anal canal

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Hilar Mass

An abnormal growth located in the hilum of the lung.


Appendix Mucinous Neoplasm

An appendiceal neoplasm characterized by mucinous epithelial proliferation with extracellular mucin and pushing tumour margins. (WHO 2019)


Primary Immune Regulatory Disorder

A group of immune diseases characterized predominantly by immune dysregulation leading to organ-specific autoimmunity, excessive inflammation, and non-malignant lymphoproliferation. Unlike classical primary immunodeficiencies, susceptibility to infections is typically less prominent in these disorders.


acute myelomonocytic leukemia in relapse

The reemergence of acute myelomonocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Bile Duct Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm with Intermediate Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

An intraductal papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial atypia.


Stage IVA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Fallopian tube cancer with pleural effusion with positive cytology. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Retinoma

A rare, unilateral or bilateral benign neoplasm that arises from the retina. There is an increased risk of malignant transformation to retinoblastoma; therefore, patients with a diagnosis of retinocytoma should be closely observed.


Intra-Abdominal Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma arising from the organs of the abdominal cavity.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Skin

An epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the skin.


Refractory Brain Neoplasm

Brain neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Extracutaneous Merkel Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare Merkel cell carcinoma affecting the lymph nodes. It may represent metastasis from a regressed dermal primary. (WHO 2017)


Lipomatous hamartoma

A benign hamartomatous lesion composed predominantly of adipose tissue.


Adenocarcinoma in situ in a polyp

An adenocarcinoma arising in a polyp.


Injury of ovary

Trauma to an ovary.


Appendix Tubular Adenoma

An adenoma arising from the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of tubular epithelial structures and it is associated with dysplasia.


Refractory Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Childhood acute myeloid leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


Annoying Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that is bothersome and irritating.


Intraoperative Splenic Injury

Damage to the spleen during a surgical procedure.


Indolent T-Lymphoblastic Proliferation

A non-neoplastic T-cell lymphoproliferation that may mimic T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. It usually involves the lymphoid tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. It recurs locally, but systemic dissemination is rare.


Stage IIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T3, N0, M0, Any G); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G).  T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t (9;11) (p21.3; q23.3); MLLT3-MLL

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia with t (9;11) (p21.3; q23.3); MLLT3-MLL after a period of remission.


Recurrent Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of a lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


Recurrent Digestive System Carcinoma

The reemergence of carcinoma in any part of the digestive system after a period of remission.


Blennorrhagic arthritis

A form of reactive arthritis that is associated with lesions on both the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.


Metastatic Distal Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

Distal esophagus adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation

An invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder that exhibits glandular differentiation.


Congenital Unilateral Cataract

Cataract in one eye that is present at birth.


Keratitis caused by infection

Inflammation of the cornea secondary to an infectious process.


Craniopharyngioma malignant

A rare condition characterized by the development of a carcinoma in a pre-existing craniopharyngioma.


Stage III Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Juvenile Localized Scleroderma

Localized scleroderma presenting before the age of eighteen.


Selective Mutism

A persistent failure to speak in certain social situations (i.e., school) where speaking is expected, despite speaking in other situations.


Localized Carcinoma

A carcinoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Stage I Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I) or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site (IE). (from PDQ)


Gastric Pylorus Carcinoma In Situ AJCC v6 and v7

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis - mixed cellularity

Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma in which at least 75% of the tumor nodules contain scattered Reed-Sternberg cells. The background cellular infiltrate is lymphocytic, mixed, or fibrohistiocytic.


Recurrent T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

The reemergence of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Cheilognathouranoschisis

A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the lip, hard and/or soft palate and upper jaw.


Lymphocyte Predominant Type Hodgkin's Disease

An antiquated term that refers either to nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or to lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma.


Fetomaternal Transfusion

Loss of fetal blood into the maternal circulation.


Cerebellar Peduncle Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cerebellar peduncle.


Anal Hidradenoma Papilliferum

A benign neoplasm arising from the perianal sweat glands. It presents as a cystic nodular lesion and is characterized by the presence of cystic and papillary structures. The papillary structures contain connective tissue and are covered by two layers of epithelium.


Metastatic Low Grade Astrocytoma

Low grade astrocytoma that has spread from its primary site to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Vulvar Carcinoma

The reemergence of vulvar carcinoma after a period of remission.


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage IV

Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pathologic Stage 0 Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: In situ primary tumor. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type recurrent

The reemergence of lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IB1 includes: T1b1, N0, M0. T1b1: Tumor measuring more than 5 mm in depth and equal or less than 2 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Locally Advanced Carcinoid Tumor

A carcinoid tumor that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Gemistocytic Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant

Gemistocytic astrocytoma carrying IDH mutations.


Pathologic Stage IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: T0-4, Any N, M1. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. M1: Distant metastasis microscopically confirmed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Vaginal Papillary Carcinoma

A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina resembling transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract.


Refractory Fallopian Tube Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Fallopian tube transitional cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Esophageal Infection

An infectious process affecting the esophagus.


Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain Increased

A laboratory test result indicating higher than normal levels of immunoglobulin free light chain in the serum.


Leukoplakia of anus

The presence of a painless whitish patch on the anal mucosa.  Histologic examination reveals hyperkeratosis and acanthosis.


Stage II Bladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: (T2a, N0, M0); (T2b, N0, M0). T2a: Tumor invades superficial muscularis propria (inner half). T2b: Tumor invades deep muscularis propria (outer half). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Idiopathic Ketotic Hypoglycemia

Ketotic hypoglycemia that usually occurs in young, thin children in association with infection or fasting, and which typically resolves by age 6-8 years.


Lacrimal Drainage System Exophytic Papilloma

A benign exophytic papillary neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal drainage system. It consists of fibrovascular cores lined by epithelial cells.


Abnormal Blood Chemistry and Hematology Test Result

A laboratory test result that indicates the presence of abnormal blood chemistry and/or hematology values.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage I subdiaphragmatic


Beta-2 Microglobulin Greater than 5.5 g/mL

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of high levels of beta-2 microglobulin in blood or urine, exceeding 5.5 g/mL.


Anal infection

An infectious process affecting the anal area.


Reserve Cell Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the immature cells located between the surface columnar epithelium and the basal layer.


Physical Entrapment

Patient becomes entangled or caught in a bed, particularly in side rails, or mattress, or head/foot boards.


Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphocyte Depletion, Reticular

A lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the presence of reticular fibrosis.


Lugano Classification Limited Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Limited stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on the Lugano classification criteria. It includes stages I, IE, II, and IIE. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lacrimal Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma

An extremely rare, low-grade, salivary gland-type carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It exhibits acinar differentiation.


Urethral Infection

A bacterial, viral, or fungal infectious process affecting the urethra.


Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia-2

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial atypia.


Recurrent Malignant Brain Neoplasm

The reemergence of a malignant brain neoplasm after a period of remission.


Rare Diseases

A disease that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.


Ann Arbor Stage II Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot that is attached to or near an artificial heart valve; this can cause dysfunction of the valve, and possibly lead to an embolic event should the thrombus become dislodged.


Vulvar Dysplastic Melanocytic Nevus

A rare, elevated and pigmented, compound or junctional nevus that arises from the vulva. It affects women in their reproductive years and may be associated with the presence of dysplastic nevi in other anatomic areas. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid or spindle-shaped melanocytes exhibiting nuclear pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli.


Borderline Ovarian Serous Papillary Cystic Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations of atypical serous epithelial cells and a cystic component.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Unresectable Malignant Gastric Neoplasm

A malignant gastric neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Trophoblastic Differentiation

A variant of infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of trophoblastic differentiation within the carcinoma.


Metastatic NUT Carcinoma

NUT carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Peritoneal Sarcomatosis

A condition in which a sarcoma has spread extensively throughout the peritoneum.


Dehiscence

A splitting open of an anatomical structure, zone, or organ with the exposure or discharge of its content.


Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered

A diffuse midline glioma characterized by H3 K27 alteration and usually either a histone H3 K27M mutation, an EGFR mutation, or aberrant overexpression of EZHIP. The prognosis is poor.


Refractory WHO Grade 2 Glioma

WHO grade 2 glioma that is resistant to treatment.


Metastatic Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Plasmacytoid Variant

Bladder plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Chest Pain in Right Second Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the second intercostal space on the right side.


Non-Neoplastic Mediastinal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the structures of the mediastinum.  Representative examples include mediastinitis and thymic hyperplasia.


Cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with cytomegalovirus.


Mixed Trophoblastic Tumor

A gestational trophoblastic tumor characterized by the presence of two or three histological types of gestational trophoblastic tumor, including choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor.


Stage 0 Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Neuropathy, Recurrent, with Pressure Palsies

An autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the PMP22 gene, encoding peripheral myelin protein 22. Neuropathy is precipitated by mechanical compression on a nerve, typically with onset in the first and second decades.


Stage III Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA: (Any T, N1a, M0) and IIIB: (Any T, N1b/N2, M0).  N1a: Micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N1b: Macrometastasis in regional lymph nodes.  N2: In transit metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Fibrohistiocytic Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of fibrohistiocytic cells, spindle fibroblastic cells, and histiocytes, in a storiform pattern.


Stage IIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

Stage IIB includes: T2b, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion but not up to the pelvic wall. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Unresectable Sarcoma

A sarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Decreased NCF1 Expression

An indication that the expression of NCF1 is lower than the normal range of values.


Stage II Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, M0. T2: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm in which the tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis with an Associated Hematological Neoplasm

Smoldering systemic mastocytosis associated with the presence of a clonal non-mast cell hematologic neoplasm (e.g., myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloproliferative disorder, acute myeloid leukemia, and lymphoma).


Human papillomavirus negative squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma not associated with human papilloma virus infection.


Stage II Cervical Cancer AJCC v6

Stage II includes: II (T2, N0, M0); IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIB (T2b, N0, M0). T2: Cervical carcinoma invades beyond uterus but not to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. T2a: Tumor without parametrial invasion. T2b: Tumor with parametrial invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Recurrent Anal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of anal mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Prostate Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of prostate carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


PALB2-Associated Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm caused by deleterious germline mutation in the PALB2 gene. This mutation is associated with the development of breast carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma.


Maternal Proteinuria

The presence of excessive protein, chiefly albumin but also globulin, in the urine of a pregnant woman.


Liver Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF.


Pancreatic Moderately Differentiated Ductal Adenocarcinoma

A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of medium-sized duct-like structures and small malignant tubular glandular structures.


Esophageal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of esophageal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Type I Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A classification of primary endometrial adenocarcinomas that refers to endometrioid adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma.