high endothelial venule of appendix

A high endothelial venule that is located in the vermiform appendix.


high endothelial venule of small intestine Peyer's patch

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A high endothelial venule that is located in a Peyer's patch in the small intestine.


dorsal digital artery of pes

The dorsal digital arteries of foot are small arteries which supply the toes.


hemipenis keratinized epithelium

A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a hemipenis.


spinal vein

A vein that is part of a vertebral column.


distal sesamoid impar ligament

A short wide fibrous structure that attaches proximally to the navicular (distal sesamoid) and distally to the palmar margin of the flexor surface of the distal phalanx.


thymus

Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop.


heart endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition].


skin of head

A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].


third ventricle ependyma

An ependyma that is part of a third ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


mesentery of urinary system

A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition].


median lingual swelling epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a median lingual swelling.


third ventricle choroid plexus epithelium

A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a third ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


manus blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition].


anterior cervical lymph node

The anterior cervical lymph nodes are a group of nodes found on the anterior part of the neck.


cervical mucosa

Lining of the head of the uterus (cervix); contains large branched glands; does not undergo sloughing.


regenerating fin/limb

Fin or limb undergoing the process of regeneration.


gland of nasal mucosa

The nasal glands are the seromucous glands in the respiratory region of the nasal mucous membrane. The three major types of nasal glands are anterior serous glands, seromucous glands, and Bowman glands.


lymph node of upper limb

A lymph node that is part of a forelimb.


axilla skin

A zone of skin that is part of a axilla.


exocrine pancreas epithelium

Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas.


respiratory system epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


lymph node of head

A lymph node that is part of a head.


lacrimal gland bud

The single bud-like invagination of the conjunctival fornix epithelium at the temporal aspect of the eye that signals lacrimal gland formation (Int Rev Cytol. 1996;168:1-80. Cell biology of the harderian gland).


barnacle cement gland

Typical barnacles, common name of the sedentary crustacean marine animals constituting the subclass Cirripedia, attach to the substrate by means of an exceedingly adhesive cement, produced by a cement gland, and secrete a shell, or carapace, of calcareous (limestone) plates, around themselves.


internal mammary vein

One of two veins running parallel to their corresponding internal mammary arteries that unite forming one vessel. These veins drain the chest wall into the innominate vein.


abdominal segment blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition].


trunk blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].


mitral valve anulus

The fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps.


late distal convoluted tubule

The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO].


anterior mesencephalic central artery

Arteries that irrigate rostral regions of the midbrain. They extend between the Basial communicating artery to the anterior cerebral vein. Isogai et al. 2001.


left colic artery

The first branch of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is the left colic artery. The left colic artery supplies blood flow to the distal third of the transverse colon and the entirety of the descending colon. Once diverging from the IMA, the left colic artery runs anterior to the left ureter, left internal spermatic vessels (males), and psoas major before branching into its ascending and descending segments.


small cardiac vein

A vein running parallel to the right coronary artery in the coronary sulcus that drains into the right extremity of the coronary sinus.


left hepatic vein

A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver.


forebrain arachnoid mater

An arachnoid mater that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition].


epithelium of male gonad

An epithelium surrounding a testis.


caecum epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a caecum.


female preputial gland

The paired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands located on the side of the clitoris in female rodents; in contrast to the preputial glands in male rodents, clitoral glands are a minor source of olfactory stimuli contributing to sexual attractivity; unlike other sebaceous glands, they undergo progressive atrophy of the glandular portion with marked ductal ectasia as rodents age.


liver blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a liver.


respiratory system capillary endothelium

An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


membrane organ

Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA].


canal of Schlemm

The vascular structure encircling the anterior chamber of the eye, through which the aqueous humor is returned to the blood circulation.


umbilical blood vessel

One of the three blood vessels, usually one large umbilical vein and two small umbilical arteries, buried within Wharton's jelly, that transport blood to and from the placenta, where exchange between the mother and fetus takes place; the umbilical vein carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus, and the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood from the fetus to the placenta.


areolar sweat gland

Any sweat gland that is part of an areola.


forelimb blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].


anterior longitudinal ligament

A ligament running the length of the anterior surface of the spinal column and thereby interconnects all the vertebral bodies.


parasternal lymph node

Any of the lymph nodes of the breast located under the ribcage, near the sternum.


medial circumflex femoral artery

The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted].


internal iliac lymph node

The internal iliac lymph nodes (or hypogastric) surround the internal iliac artery and its branches (the hypogastric vessels), and receive the lymphatics corresponding to the distribution of the branches of it, i. e. , they receive lymphatics from all the pelvic viscera, from the deeper parts of the perineum, including the membranous and cavernous portions of the urethra, and from the buttock and back of the thigh. It does not receive lymph from the ovary, testis, or superior half of the rectum; the gonads drain to the paraaortic lymph nodes, while the superior half of the rectum drains to the pararectal lymph nodes.


pseudobranchial artery

A vascular loop attached to the efferent part of the mandibular arch that forms at 3.5 dpf. Isogai et al. 2001.


endocardium of left ventricle

Any endocardium that is part of the left ventricle of the heart.


aortic sac

The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates.


left gastroepiploic artery

Artery that runs from left to right along the greater curvature of the stomach, between the layers of the greater omentum, and anastomoses with the right gastroepiploic.


mesonephric renal vesicle

The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO].


ophthalmotemporal branch of external ophthalmic artery


cricoid cartilage

A cartilaginous ring that provides support for the arytenoid cartilages and forms the caudal part of the larynx.


extraembryonic epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure.


eye primordium

Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles.


abdomen blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition].


trophectoderm

Outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition.


internal pudendal vein

Accompanying vein of internal pudendal artery.


helicine branch of uterine artery

The helicine branches of uterine artery (or helicine arterioles, or spiral arteries) are small arteries which temporarily supply the endometrium of the uterus during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In histology, identifying the presence of these arteries is one of the most useful techniques in identifying the phase of the cycle.


anterior limiting lamina of cornea

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane.


head or neck skin

A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region.


meninx of diencephalon

A meninx that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition].


common iliac lymph node

The external iliac lymph nodes, from eight to ten in number, lie along the external iliac vessels. They are arranged in three groups, one on the lateral, another on the medial, and a third on the anterior aspect of the vessels; the third group is, however, sometimes absent. Their principal afferents are derived from the inguinal lymph nodes, the deep lymphatics of the abdominal wall below the umbilicus and of the adductor region of the thigh, and the lymphatics from the glans penis vel clitoridis, the membranous urethra, the prostate, the fundus of the urinary bladder, the cervix uteri, and upper part of the vagina.


prepuce

A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis or clitoris. Glands may also be present.


accessory vertebral vein

A lower continuation of the vertebral vein and vertebral venous plexus that passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein.


serosa of infundibulum of uterine tube

A serous membrane that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum.


anterior facial vein

A vein that represents a continuation of the angular vein and lies behind the facial artery.


epithelium of intestinal villus

An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus.


somite 2

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 2 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


node of ligamentum arteriosum

An inconstant lymph node of the anterior mediastinal group located adjacent to the ligamentum arteriosum.


secondary palatal shelf epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a secondary palatal shelf.


superior thyroid vein

The superior thyroid vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland, by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery, and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein. It receives the superior laryngeal and cricothyroid veins.


somite boundary epithelium

Epithelium located in the intersomitic region.


infraclavicular lymph node

A lymph node located in the area below the clavicle.


buccal gland

Any of the small racemose mucous glands in the mucous membrane lining the cheeks.


ciliated epithelium

Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface.


articular cartilage of joint

A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints.


left testicular vein

A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava.


naris epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a naris [Automatically generated definition].


primary palate epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a primary palate.


common hepatic lymph node

Hepatic lymph node located along the common hepatic artery.


brachial lymph node

The lymph nodes located along the brachial vein that receive drainage from most of the free upper limb and send efferent vessels to the central axillary lymph nodes.


right umbilical vein

An umbilical vein that is in the right side of a multicellular organism.


pigment epithelium of eye

Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules.


nipple sheath

A circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout[GO].


hindbrain neural plate

A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain.


meso-epithelium

Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition].


ileal artery

The ileal arteries feed oxygenated blood into the ileum, a portion of the small intestine in mammals, reptiles, and birds. They are branches of the superior mesenteric artery.


cranial division of the internal carotid artery


pharyngeal arch artery 5

The vessels formed within the fifth pair of pharyngeal arches in embryogenesis.


thoracic cavity vein

A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


cerumen gland

A specialized sudoriferous gland (sweat glands) located subcutaneously in the external auditory canal.


endocardium of ventricle

Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle.


skin epithelium

Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region.


suprabranchial fin

Paired fin that is a bilaterally paired anterior outgrowth located high on the side of the animal, not far behind the orbit, with the posterior extremity corresponding with the expected posterior end of the branchial region.


pancreatic lymph node

A lymph node that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition].


thoracic vein

A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


costochondral joint

A bars of hyaline cartilage located between the distal part of a rib and a costal cartilage, connecting the ribs to the sternum .


wall of crypt of Lieberkuhn

The lateral parts of an intestinal crypt, continuous distally with the base and proximally with the intestinal villus epithelium.


epithelium of endolymphatic duct

An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic duct [Automatically generated definition].


forelimb digital artery

A digital artery that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].


afferent spiracular artery

A section of a pharyngeal arch artery that carries blood away from the spiracle.


placenta blood vessel

A blood vessel of the placenta.


deep lymph node

A lymph node that is located deeper within the organism, further from the surface.


caroticotympanic artery

The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is small; it enters the tympanic cavity through a minute foramen in the carotid canal, and anastomoses with the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary, and with the stylomastoid artery.


lower eyelid epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition].


oral gland

Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands.


Verson's gland

A gland found in the larvae of lepidoptera. Each gland is made of three cells: the secretory cell, the reservoir cell and the canal cell.


forelimb digital vein

A digital vein that is part of a forelimb.


left supracardinal vein

The left thoracic supracardinal vein loses its connection with the left posterior cardinal veins and left sinus horn and subsequently drains into the right supracardinal system.


mammary fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the mammary gland.


primitive prosencephalic artery

Vessel that branches from cranial division of the internal carotid artery, extending laterally around the rostral end of the head. Isogai et al. 2001.


right extraembryonic umbilical vein

An extraembryonic umbilical vein that is in_the_right_side_of a multicellular organism.


perigastric lymph node

Lymph node located in the perigastric region.


tonsil crypt

Tonsils consist of an extensive system of crypts, which result in a large internal surface. The tonsils contain four lymphoid compartments that influence immune functions, namely the reticular crypt epithelium, the extrafollicular area, the mantle zones of lymphoid follicles, and the follicular germinal centers. In human palatine tonsils, the very first part exposed to the outside environment is tonsillar epithelium.


caecum mesentery

A mesentery that is part of a caecum.


postcaval vein

One of three major veins which enter the sinus venosus.


middle cardiac vein

The middle cardiac vein commences at the apex of the heart, ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus, and ends in the coronary sinus near its right extremity.


prepuce of clitoris

A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the clitoral glans.


medial marginal vein

A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the long saphenous vein.


venom gland

A gland that secretes venom.


lobar bronchus

The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi[GO].


peritoneal cavity mesothelium

A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity.


epithelium of laryngopharynx

An epithelium that is part of a hypopharynx.


ileal vein

The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein.


jugular vein

The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava.


deep artery of penis

The deep artery of the penis (artery to the corpus cavernosum), one of the terminal branches of the internal pudendal, arises from that vessel while it is situated between the two fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal pouch). It pierces the inferior fascia, and, entering the crus penis obliquely, runs forward in the center of the corpus cavernosum penis, to which its branches are distributed.


lacrimal gland

The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP].


superior parathyroid epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a superior parathyroid gland.


dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel

Trunk vessel that connects to the primitive hindbrain channel and the basilar artery at the caudal end of the medulla oblongata. Isogai et al. 2001.


lateral dorsal aorta

Connect the outflow of the aortic arches to the dorsal aorta. The place where the lateral dorsal aorta fuse is is called the radiax of the aorta. Isogai et al. 2001.


skin of external ear

A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition].


dorsal venous arch

The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein.


primordial midbrain channel

The vessel between the anterior cerebral vein and the mid cerebral vein. Isogai et al. 2001.


tricuspid valve anulus

The fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve that attaches the cusps of tricuspid valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior cusp (infundibular cusp), the posterior cusp (marginal cusp), and the septal cusp (medial cusp).


subscapular vein

A vein formed by the confluence of the thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular veins and accompanying the subscapular artery to drain into the axillary vein.


caudal division of the internal carotid artery


ventral abdominal vein

A vein formed by the combination of veins in the pelvic region which collects blood from the liver, stomach, intestines, and gall bladder.


left umbilical vein

An umbilical vein that is in the left side of a multicellular organism.


pancreaticoduodenal vein

A vein running parallel to the superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal arteries that drains blood from the pancreas and duodenum into the superior mesenteric or portal veins.


anterolateral ligament of knee

A ligament on the lateral aspect of the human knee, anterior to the fibular collateral ligament.


vein of vestibular aqueduct

A vein that leaves the vestibule through an individual bone canal running parallel to the vestibular aqueduct up to the dura of the posterior side of the petrosa in the area of the endolymphatic sac. It then opens in the inferior petrosal sinus or the jugular bulb. The vein receives other branches from the bone, dura and sac.


colonic epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].


vein of clitoris

A vein that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition].


metanephric nephron epithelium

The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO].


colon endothelium

Vascular endothelium found in colon blood vessels.


superficial cerebral vein

The superficial cerebral veins are a group of veins in the head. This group includes the superior cerebral veins.


metencephalic artery

These arteies branch dorsally from both sides of the posterior communicating artery looping up to join with the opposite MtA as well as with both middle cerebral veins at the dorsal midline of the head. Isogai et al. 2001.


pedal digit 2 epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 2.


ileocolic lymph node

One of the lymph nodes that form a chain around the ileocolic artery.


thymus subcapsular epithelium

The epithelial cells lining the capsule and trabeculae of the thymus.


central artery

Arteries that irrigate the forebrain and midbrain Isogai et al. 2001.


epithelium of upper jaw

An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition].


extraembryonic endoderm

An extraembryonic epithelium that is formed by the delaminated cells of the primitive endoderm (hypoblast) that goes on to form the yolk sac. In mammals, as in avians, these cells do not produce any part of the newborn organism (i.e. they are extraembryonic).


pelvis blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition].


somite 29

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early tail segment 29 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


somite 23

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early tail segment 23 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


mesenteric fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the mesentery.


somite 19

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk or tail segment 19 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


parotid gland interlobular duct

Any of the excretory ducts of the parotid gland which are found in the connective tissue septa i.e. between lobules.


external naris epithelium

An epithelium that is part of an external naris [Automatically generated definition].


hepatic sinusoid

Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers.


epithelium of ductus reuniens

An epithelium that is part of a ductus reuniens [Automatically generated definition].


maxillary vein

A vein that consists of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted].


glomerular endothelium

The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.


costo-cervical trunk

The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted].


exocrine pancreas

The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO].


cloacal epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a cloaca.


respiratory system blood vessel endothelium

A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac gastric gland

A gastric gland in the cardiac region of the stomach; cardiac glands are fewer in number than in the fundus and body, and secrete mucin which coats the stomach and protects it[MP].


wall of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine

A wall of crypt of Lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine.


future central tendon

A tendon that has the potential to develop into a central tendon.


diencephalon pia mater

A pia mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition].


superior epigastric artery

An artery that arises from the internal thoracic arteryand anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery at the umbilicus and supplies the anterior part of the abdominal wall and some of the diaphragm.


basal vein

The basal vein is formed at the anterior perforated substance by the union of (a) a small anterior cerebral vein which accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and supplies the medial surface of the frontal lobe by the fronto-basal vein. (b) the deep middle cerebral vein (deep Sylvian vein), which receives tributaries from the insula and neighboring gyri, and runs in the lower part of the lateral cerebral fissure, and (c) the inferior striate veins, which leave the corpus striatum through the anterior perforated substance. The basal vein passes backward around the cerebral peduncle, and ends in the internal cerebral vein; it receives tributaries from the interpeduncular fossa, the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, the hippocampal gyrus, and the mid-brain.


anterior mediastinal lymph node

A lymph node located in the superior mediastinum that collects lymph from the thymus, the pericardium, and the right side of the heart.


superficial temporal artery

A major artery of the head that arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted].


deferent duct vein

A vein that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition].


renal afferent arteriole

The blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery, convey blood to the glomerular capillaries, and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.


keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesize and accumulate keratin.


gastrocnemius vein

A vein that drains the gastrocnemius.


epithelium of biliary system

The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.


mesentery of midgut

A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition].


optic vein

Vein that connects to the hyaloid vein that drains the eye. External to eye. Isogai et al. 2001.


superior superficial cervical thymic artery


somite 6

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 6 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


subcutaneous adipose tissue

A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis.


obturator vein

The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted].


vesical artery

An artery that supplies blood to the urinary bladder.


conjunctival vein

A vein that is part of a conjunctiva.


greater sac mesothelium

A mesothelium that is part of a greater sac.


spinal dura mater

A dura mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition].


pharyngeal arch artery 2

The vessels formed within the second pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


kidney capillary

A capillary that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition].


transitional epithelium of major calyx

An urothelium of ureter that is part of a mucosa of major calyx.


cartilage of bronchus

The hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP].


epithelium of small intestine

An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].


interscapular fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue located between the scapulae.


hyoidean artery

An artery that passes along the ventral portions of the hyoid arch; supplies oxygenated blood to the pseudobranch.


subcostal vein

A vein that runs along the bottom of the lowest rib. Each subcostal vein gives off a posterior (dorsal) branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,modified].


gastrointestinal system serosa

A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].


meninx of hindbrain

A meninx that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition].


meniscus

Crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure present in the knee, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints[2] that, in contrast to articular disks, only partly divides a joint cavity.[3] A small meniscus also occurs in the radio-carpal joint.


lateral vein

Either of the veins which collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein.


right subcostal vein

A vein that extends along the bottom of the twelfth rib on the right side of the body.


metapterygoid-autopalatine ligament

Ligament that connects the metapterygoid to the autopalatine.


supraorbital gland

A lateral nasal gland that removes sodium chloride from the bloodstream.


cerebellar vein

A vein that drains the cerebellum.


posterior tibial vein

A vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted].


violet gland

The violet gland or supracaudal gland is an important gland located on the upper surface of the tail of certain mammals, including European badgers and canids such as foxes, wolves the domestic dog, as well as the domestic cat. It is used for intra species signalling, scent marking, and contributes to the strong odor of foxes in particular.


apocrine sweat gland

Apocrine sweat glands are sweat glands composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. The ducts of apocrine glands open into the canals of hair follicles. The stimulus for the secretion of apocrine sweat glands is adrenaline, which is a hormone carried in the blood[WP].


right renal vein

A renal vein that drains the right kidney.


epithelium of lateral semicircular canal

An epithelium that is part of a lateral semicircular canal [Automatically generated definition].


inferior parathyroid epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a inferior parathyroid gland.


posterior auricular artery

The posterior auricular artery is a small artery and arises from the external carotid artery, above the Digastric muscle and Stylohyoid muscle, opposite the apex of the styloid process. It ascends posteriorly beneath the parotid gland, along the styloid process of the temporal bone, between the cartilage of the ear and the mastoid process of the temporal bone along the lateral side of the head. The posterior auricular artery supplies blood to the scalp posterior to the auricle and to the auricle itself.


vaginal vein

One the veins that drains the vaginal venous plexus, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,modified].


visceral mesothelium

Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium.


outer epithelial layer of tympanic membrane

A portion of the external acoustic meatus epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane.


pancreaticosplenic lymph node

Lymph nodes of the pancreatic tail and spleen, receiving afferents from both organs plus the greater curvature of the stomach; they drain to the celiac lymph nodes.


capillary of anorectum

A capillary that is part of the anorectum.


respiratory system capillary

A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


thoracic cavity blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


Descemet's membrane

A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP].


gastric vein

A laterally paired vein that drains blood away from the lesser curvature of the stomach.


temporal vein

Any of the veins draining the temporal region.


mesentery of jejunum

A mesentery that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition].


kidney collecting duct epithelium

The simple cuboidal epithelium lining the lumen of kidney collecting ducts.


high endothelial venule of lymph node

A high endothelial venule that is part of a of lymph node.


respiratory system venule

A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


renal cortex artery

An artery that supplies the renal cortex.


subsegmental bronchus

Branch of conducting airway between a segmental bronchus and a preterminal bronchiole.


parotid gland intralobular duct

Any of the tubular canals of the parotid gland located within the parenchymal (secretory) tissue i.e. within lobules; both intercalated and striated (secretory) ducts are intralobular ducts.


The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO].


respiratory system blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


parametrium

The subserous connective tissue of the pelvic floor of the supracervical portion of the uterus. The parametrium extends laterally between the layers of the broad ligament.


deep facial vein

The anterior facial vein receives a branch of considerable size, the deep facial vein, from the pterygoid venous plexus.


somite 14

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 14 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


anterior chamber epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball.


muscular artery

Part of the external carotid which delivers blood to the mm rectus cervicis and interhyoideus posterior.


kidney arterial blood vessel

An arterial blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition].


thymic artery

A vein that supplies blood to the thymus.


capsule of temporomandibular joint

The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is a thin, loose envelope, attached above to the circumference of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle immediately in front; below, to the neck of the condyle of the mandible.


telencephalon dura mater

A dura mater that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition].


subcutaneous lymph node

A lymph node that is part of a hypodermis.


Harderian gland

The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital gland usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species[GO].


external iliac lymph node

A lymph node located along the external iliac artery.


stomach squamous epithelium

A squamous epithelium that is part of a stomach.


peritoneal mesentery

Mesentery that is located in the peritoneum.


layer of synovial tissue

A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO].


skin of abdomen

A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition].


eyelid blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition].


mesothelium

Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri).


nephron epithelium

The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.


respiratory system artery

An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


eyelid epithelium

An epithelium that is part of an eyelid [Automatically generated definition].


parotid main excretory duct

The main excretory tubular canal that connects the parotid gland and the buccal mucosa and secretes a serous saliva into the vestibule of the oral cavity; it arises from the anterior surface of the gland, traversing the masseter muscle; the duct then pierces the buccinator muscle, moving medially, and opens out into the oral cavity near the second upper molar; saliva produced by acinar secretory cells in the glandular body flows sequentially through the intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and excretory ducts.


serosa of large intestine

A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].


synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by hyaline cartilage. Examples: spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint.[FMA].


plantar digital vein

The plantar digital veins arise from plexuses on the plantar surfaces of the digits, and, after sending intercapitular veins to join the dorsal digital veins, unite to form four metatarsal veins.


epithelium of terminal part of digestive tract

Epithelium lining the distalmost portion of the digestive tract.


visceral pre-aortic lymph node

Intestinal lymph node located anterior to aorta.


base of crypt of Lieberkuhn

The basal portion (further from lumen) of an intestinal crypt. Contains multipotent stem cells. Stem cells in the crypts divide to form daughter cells. One daughter cell from each stem cell division is retained as a stem cell. The other becomes committed to differentiate along one of four pathways to become an enterocyte, enteroendocrine cell, goblet cell or Paneth cell.


subcommissural organ

The subcommissural organ is a circumventricular organ consisting of ependymal and hypendymal cells which secrete SCO-spondin[WP,partially vetted].


brain ependyma

The ependymal cell layer that lines the brain ventricles.


annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis

The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised.


vertebral vein

The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted].


venule of anorectum

A venule that is located in the anorectum.


epithelium of footplate

An epithelium that is part of a footplate.


inferior cerebral vein

The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted].


submandibular duct

The duct of the submadibular gland that opens at the sublingual papilla near the frenulum of the tongue.


inferior cerebellar vein

The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted].


intersomitic vein

The vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.


differentiating neuroepithelium

A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells.


deep external pudendal artery

The deep external pudendal artery (deep external pudic artery), more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medialward across the Pectineus and the Adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the integument of the scrotum and perineum, in the female to the labium majus; its branches anastomose with the scrotal (or labial) branches of the perineal artery.


mammary gland myoepithelium

The outer cell layer of the mammary gland epithelium bilayer which is located basal to the luminal (secretory) cells and adjacent to the basement membrane.


scalp

The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendonous galea aponeurotica; Loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).


artery of appendix

An artery that is part of a vermiform appendix.


extraembryonic umbilical vein

Extraembryonic part of the vein passing through the umbilical cord to the fetus and returning the purified and nutrient blood from the placenta.


nephron tubule basement membrane

A basement membrane that is part of a nephron tubule.


mesoderm blood island

A blood island that is part of a mesoderm.


migrating epithelium

An epithelium that extends its surface area by peripheral movement.


testicular artery

One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad.


posterior ciliary vein

The outer layer of the choroid (lamina vasculosa) consists, in part, of the larger branches of the short ciliary arteries which run forward between the veins, before they bend inward to end in the capillaries, but is formed principally of veins, named, from their arrangement, the vorticose veins. They converge to four or five equidistant trunks, which pierce the sclera about midway between the sclero-corneal junction and the entrance of the optic nerve. They drain uveal tract.


middle thyroid vein

The middle thyroid vein collects the blood from the lower part of the thyroid gland, and after being joined by some veins from the larynx and trachea, ends in the lower part of the internal jugular vein.


deep fascia

Deep fascia (or 'investing fascia') is a layer of fascia which can surround individual muscles, and divide groups of muscles into compartments. This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. It provides connection and communication in the form of aponeuroses, ligaments, tendons, retinacula, joint capsules, and septa. The deep fasciae envelop all bone; cartilage, and blood vessels and become specialized in muscles and nerves. The high density of collagen fibers is what gives the deep fascia its strength and integrity. The amount of elastin fiber determines how much extensibility and resilience it will have.


infrapatellar fat pad

The infrapatellar fat pad, also known as Hoffa's fat pad, is a cylindrical piece of fat that is situated under and behind the patella bone within the knee.


hindbrain arachnoid mater

An arachnoid mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition].


skin sebaceous gland

A holocrine gland of the dermis that secretes sebum into hair follicles.


right hepatic vein

A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver.


epithelial vesicle

A closed epithelium with a lumen.


somite 10

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 10 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


merocrine gland

An exocrine gland whose secretions are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and thence onto a bodily surface or into the lumen; the gland releases its product and no part of the gland is lost or damaged.


metanephric macula densa

The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO].


pelvic sucking disc

An adhesive disk modified from the pelvic fins in, for example, clingfishes (Gobiesocidae), gobies (Gobiidae) and snailfishes (Liparidae).


blood vessel of tympanic cavity

A blood vessel that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


epithelial bud

A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding.


anterior talofibular ligament

The anterior talofibular ligament is a ligament in the ankle. It passes from the anterior margin of the fibular malleolus, anteriorly and medially, to the talus bone, in front of its lateral articular facet. It is one of the lateral ligaments of the ankle and prevents the foot from sliding forward in relation to the shin.


iris epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].


intercostal vein

The intercostal veins are a group of veins which drain the area between the ribs.


suprarenal vein

A vein that drains the adrenal gland.


nutrient foramen vein

A vein or veins draining a bone and emerging from a nutrient foramen.


tonsil epithelium

The epithelium that forms the surface of the tonsil dips into the underlying connective tissue in numerous places, forming crypts kown as tonsillar crypts. Stratified squamous epithelium, that may be heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. Epithelial cells are present in the germinal as well as in the periphery of the nodule.


serosa of uterus

Outer serosa layer of the uterus.


venule of appendix

A venule located in the vermiform appendix.


arcuate artery of foot

The arcuate artery of the foot (metatarsal artery) arises a little anterior to the lateral tarsal artery; it passes lateralward, over the bases of the metatarsal bones, beneath the tendons of the Extensor digitorum brevis, its direction being influenced by its point of origin; and its anastomoses with the lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries. This vessel gives off the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries. It is not present in all individuals.


epithelium of nasal septum

An epithelium that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition].


interopercular-mandibular ligament

Interopercular-mandibular ligament is a ligament that connects the interopercle to an element of the lower jaw, typically the retroarticular.


midbrain pia mater

A pia mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition].


lateral marginal vein

A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the short saphenous vein.


lateral pretrosal artery

Part of the internal carotid which supplies blood to the ear and branches to two additional arteries.


zygomatico-orbital artery

The middle temporal artery occasionally gives off a zygomatico-orbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. This branch, which may arise directly from the superficial temporal artery, supplies the Orbicularis oculi, and anastomoses with the lacrimal and palpebral branches of the ophthalmic artery.


anal canal epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a anal canal.


inner ear epithelium

The epithelial cell layer containing the sensory hair cells and their associated sensory nerve terminals.


capillary of small intestine

A capillary that is part of a small intestine.


cerebral vein

The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted].


sinusoid

Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP].


intercostal ligament

Ligament that connects one rib to another.


retroperitoneal lymph node

A lymph node located in the retroperitoneal space.


abdominal aorta artery

An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta.


extrahepatic duct

Bile duct that collects from the intrahepatic ducts and feeds into the common bile duct.


right pulmonary vein

Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart.


distal straight tubule macula densa

A macula densa that is part of an ascending limb of loop of Henle [Automatically generated definition].


oviduct epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition].


epithelium of lens

A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye.


exocrine gland of integumental system

An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system.


deep cerebral vein

The deep cerebral veins are a group of veins in the head. This group includes the superior thalamostriate vein.


upper eyelid epithelium

An epithelium that is part of an upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition].


marginal venous sinus

A paired dural venous sinus at the rim of the foramen magnum.


somite 11

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 11 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


intraorbital lacrimal gland

A lacrimal gland located superficially at the lateral canthus, where both the lacrimal gland and Harderian gland ducts open.


non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus.


Jacobson's vein

Either of a pair of veins which receives many small vesicles from the kidney and collects blood from the oviducal vein.


lateral thoracic vein

The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted].


ciliated columnar epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA].


lower jaw incisor epithelium

A dental epithelium that is part of a lower jaw incisor.


skin of elbow

A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition].


heart blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition].


inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein

A blood vessel running parallel to the inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery that drains blood from the pancreas and duodenum into the splenic vein.


mesonephric nephron epithelium

The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO].


capillary

Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules.


epithelium of large intestine

An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].


ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium

A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct.


arterial blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta.


larynx mucous gland

A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition].


phrenic vein

The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins.


greater omentum mesothelium

A mesothelium that is part of a greater omentum.


swim bladder artery

An elaborate set of vessels that branche off caudally from the anterior mesenteric artery just after the dorsal aorta. The SBA vascular loops are located on the ventral side of the swim bladder. Isogai et al. 2001.


retina blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition].


base of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine

A base of crypt of Lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine.


fascia lata

The deep fascia of the thigh. [WP,unvetted].


pararenal fat

The paranephric body (or paranephric fat or pararenal fat) is collection of adipose tissue located superficial to the renal fascia. The perirenal fat, or adipose capsule of kidney, is deep to the renal fascia but superficial to the renal capsule.


fundic gastric gland

The fundus glands (or fundic glands, or gastric glands) are found in the body and fundus of the stomach. They are simple tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct.


endoderm of midgut

An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition].


renal portal vein

A portal vein that empties into capillaries within the kidneys.


left subcostal vein

A vein that extends along the bottom of the twelfth rib on the left side of the body.


vein of upper lip

The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip.


hyaloid vessel

A blood vessel that is associated with the lens. In mammals, this is transient and normally nourishes the retina, immature lens and primary vitreous of the developing eye.


upper leg epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


coronary sinus

The short trunk that recieves most of the cardiac veins carrying the blood from the myocardium and delivers it to the right atrium, with the sinoatrial connection occurring between the inferior vena cava and the atrioventricular orifice.


non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue

Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.


medial-nasal process ectoderm

An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition].


facial lymph node

Any of the lymph nodes that are part of a face.


appendicular artery

An artery that commonly arises from the terminal branch of the ileocolic artery, or less commonly from the posterior cecal artery or an ileal artery.[1][2] It descends behind the termination of the ileum and enters the mesoappendix of the vermiform appendix. It runs near the free margin of the mesoappendix and ends in branches which supply the appendix.


vein of trabecular bone

A portion of vein that is part of a trabecular bone tissue [Automatically generated definition].


basilic vein

A superficial vein of the upper limb that drain parts of manus and forearm.


gastric lymph node

A lymph node along the left gastric artery or greater omentum.


renal lymph node

A lymph node that is located in a kidney [Automatically generated definition].


skeletal muscle endomysium

Reticular tissue which surrounds a skeletal muscle cell.


artery of lower lip

The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery.


proper hepatic artery

The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery.


lymph node of inferior pulmonary ligament


pelvic lymph node

Any lymph node within the abdominal pelvic region.


skin of pes

A zone of skin that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition].


hemiazygos vein

The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column.


annulus fibrosus

A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart).


prevertebral cervical fascia

The prevertebral fascia (or prevertebral layer of cervical fascia) is a fascia in the neck.


dorsal metatarsal vein

The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted].


manual digit 3 epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 3.


left hepatic artery

A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver.


jejunal vein

A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum.


hepatic duct

Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion).


epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine


perimysium

The fibrous sheath enveloping each of the primary bundles of skeletal muscle fibers.


posterior ethmoidal artery

The posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head. It is smaller than the anterior ethmoidal artery, branches off from the ophthalmic artery when it reaches the medial wall of the orbit.


hemipenial mucuous gland

A gland within the hemipenial sheath that provides lubrication for the hemipenis.


mediastinal lymph node

A lymph node that is part of a mediastinum. Each consists of several lymph node groups, especially along the trachea (5 groups), along the esophagus and between the lung and the diaphragm. In the mediastinal lymph nodes arises lymphatic ducts, which draines the lymph to the left subclavian vein (to the venous angle in the confluence of the subclavian and deep jugular veins). The mediastinal lymph nodes along the esophagus are in tight connection with the abdominal lymph nodes along the esophagus and the stomach. That fact facilitates spreading of tumors cells through these lymphatics in cases of cancers of the stomach and particularly of the esophagus. Through the mediastinum, the main lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs goes via the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), which drains majority of the lymph from the abdomen to the above mentioned left venous angle.


epithelial sheet

An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.


endothelial blood brain barrier

A blood brain barrier that is composed of endothelial cells.


gonadal vein

In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted].


hepatic sinusoid of left of lobe of liver

A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver.


ecto-epithelium

Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified].


lens vesicle epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle.


endocardium of right ventricle

Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart.


lateral nasal gland

Any of the lateral nasal glands (the largest nasal secretory glands in rodents) which surround the maxillary sinus located in the lateral wall adjacent to each nasal passage and are characterized by cytologic features similar to those described for the major serous salivary glands; secretory contents of the LNG drain into the nasal vestibule; the LNG is a major site for the synthesis and secretion of odorant-binding proteins that serve as odorant carriers in nasal mucus; it also, synthesizes large amounts of immunoglobulin A, which is important for immune defense of the upper respiratory tract, and testosterone and salivary androgen-binding proteins, which are likely important in olfaction and reproductive behavior.


kidney epithelium

The cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces.


labial gland

The labial gland is one of the minor salivary glands, located mainly under the mucosal epithelium of the upper and lower lip and within the orbicularis oris muscle fibers. The labial gland secrete mucous and serous substances to maintain oral health. In particular, the inferior labial gland not only promotes moisturization in the oral cavity but also secretes substances with antibacterial effects.


cephalic neural fold

The elevated margins of the neural groove that are located in the future cephalic region of the embryo.


gastric gland

The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin.


epithelium of incisor

An epithelium that is part of a incisor tooth [Automatically generated definition].


cavernous artery

Any of several small branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the trigeminal ganglion and the walls of the cavernous and petrosal sinuses.


median sacral artery

The median sacral artery (or middle sacral artery) is a small vessel, which arises from the back of the aorta, a little above its bifurcation. It descends in the middle line in front of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebræ, the sacrum and coccyx, and ends in the glomus coccygeum (coccygeal gland). From it, minute branches are said to pass to the posterior surface of the rectum. On the last lumbar vertebra it anastomoses with the lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery; in front of the sacrum it anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries, and sends offsets into the anterior sacral foramina. It is crossed by the left common iliac vein, and is accompanied by a pair of venæ comitantes; these unite to form a single vessel, which opens into the left common iliac vein.


left extraembryonic umbilical vein

An extraembryonic umbilical vein that is in_the_left_side_of a multicellular organism.


endo-epithelium

Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA].


enveloping layer of ectoderm

Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo.


forebrain neural plate

A neural plate that develops_from a future forebrain.


pharyngeal arch artery 4

The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


mammary branch of internal thoracic artery


main bronchus

One of two branches of the trachea.


superficial lymph node

A lymph node that is located close to the surface.


mesentery of rectum

A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition].


thyroid follicle epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a thyroid follicle.


mesentery of stomach

The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum.


venule

One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins.


external soft tissue zone

A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures.


trunk somite

A somite that is part of a trunk.


orbital fat pad

A fat pad that is part of a orbital region.


lacrimal vein

A vein that drains a lacrimal gland.


foregut epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a foregut.


Harderian gland epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a Harderian gland [Automatically generated definition].


upper arm blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


somite 30

Posteriormost undifferentiated mesodermal component of early tail segment or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


epididymal fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the epididymis.


anal membrane endodermal component

An endoderm that is part of a anal region.


epithelium of endolymphatic sac

An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic sac [Automatically generated definition].


myoepithelium

An epithelium consisting of myopethelial cells, which are contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament[CL].


pars distalis of adenohypophysis

The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland.


crus commune epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a crus commune.


somite 26

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early tail segment 26 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


thoracic thymus

A mature thymus that is entirely part of thoracic region.


tongue keratinized epithelium

A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue.


paired fin

Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism.


interdigital gland

A skin gland found in the interdigital region of some mammals.


lobar bronchus of right lung

A lobar bronchus that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition].


intestinal bulb epithelium

Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the intestinal bulb.


mucosa

A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP].


frontonasal process epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence.


systemic artery

An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.


collagen anchoring fibril

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A specialised collagen fibril that functions as an anchor, binding to other collagen structures.


collagen type VII anchoring fibril

An antiparallel dimer of two collagen VII trimers, one end of which is embedded in the lamina densa while the other end attaches to banded collagen fibrils in the dermis.


cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

The eubacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase is a multisubunit complex with a core composed of the essential subunits beta-prime, beta, and two copies of alpha and a fifth nonessential subunit called omega. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition and specificity.


vasodentine

Dentine tissue that lacks dentine tubules and that is penetrated by blood capillaries.


gamma-catenin-TCF7L2 complex

A protein complex that contains gamma-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.


bone of craniocervical region

A bone that is part of a craniocervical region.


bone of upper jaw

Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species).


scleral sesamoid bone

A sesamoid bone that lies adjacent to the tendon of one of the muscles responsible for adducting the nictitating membrane (the pyramidal nictitating muscle).


left nasal bone

Nasal bone on the left side of an organism when in anatomical position.


right zygomatic arch

Zygomatic arch on the right side of an organism when in anatomical position.


left zygomatic arch

Zygomatic arch on the left side of an organism when in anatomical position.


nasal concha of ethmoid bone

One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals[MP]. The ethmoturbinals are associated with the cribiform plate. They are covered with olfactory epithelium. Primarily, they serve to increase the surface area over which olfactory receptor neurons can come in contact with respiratory air. These olfactory receptor nerves then synapse with the mitral cells of the olfactory lobes through the cribiform plate in the manner described above[Palaeos].


neurocranium bone

A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition].


facial bone

A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition].


coronomeckelian

Tendon bone located on the median side of the lower jaw, dorsal to Meckel's cartilage and medial to the angular. The coronomeckelian forms as an ossification of the tendon of the adductor mandibulae muscle. The coronomeckelian is a paired bone.


supreme nasal concha

A thin bony plate occasionally found projecting from the inner wall of the ethmoid labyrinth, above the bony superior nasal concha, and the mucous membrane covering the plate.


bone of jaw

A bone element that is part of a jaw region.


right nasal bone

Nasal bone on the right side of an organism when in anatomical position.


superior nasal concha

The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. The bone found in superior nasal concha is part of the ethmoid bone.


head bone

A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].


dentary

The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified].


auditory ossicle bone

One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted].


bone of lower jaw

Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular.


middle nasal concha

The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha.


middle cervical ganglion

The small ganglion located at the level of the cricoid cartilage of the laryngeal wall.


Mefloquine hydrochloride

A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.


proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 3

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 3 phalanx [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition].


proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3

A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition].


hypocercal tail

Type of tail fin where the lower lobe is the longer and is supported by the vertebral column. Asymmetrical externally as well as internally.


inferior cervical ganglion

The inferior cervical ganglion is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery. Its form is irregular; it is larger in size than the middle cervical ganglion, and is frequently fused with the first thoracic ganglion. [WP,unvetted].


P5 peroxisome

A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P5 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.


corpus albicans

White fibrous tissue that replaces the regressing corpus luteum in the human ovary in the latter half of pregnancy, or soon after ovulation when pregnancy does not supervene.


secondary cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation.


nerve of clitoris

Any nerve that innervates the clitoris.


autonomic nerve plexus

A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Automatically generated definition].


enteric plexus

A plexus of autonomic nerve fibers within the wall of the digestive tube, and made up of the submucosal, myenteric, and subserosal plexuses; it contains visceral afferent fibers, sympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, and parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies.


interleukin-3 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-3 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5.


oral disk

Lip that is expanded to form a broad, rounded cup around the mouth.


neural tissue

Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature.


dystrobrevin complex

A protein complex comprising alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin; forms part of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex.


PAM complex, Tim23 associated import motor

Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex (GO:0005744); ATPase motor activity to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.


arrector pili muscle of vibrissa

An arrector muscle of hair that is part of a vibrissa hair.


monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


dorsal motor nucleus trigeminal nerve

Trigeminal motor nucleus that is located dorsal to the lateral longitudinal fascicle.


ventral motor nucleus trigeminal nerve

Trigeminal motor nucleus that is located at the ventrolateral edge of the lateral longitudinal fascicle.


isthmic primary nucleus

Sensory trigeminal nucleus located in the most rostral position.  It lies immediately caudal to the secondary gustatory nucleus.


middle lateral line nerve

Nerve fibers originating from the middle lateral line ganglion. These fibers innervate the middle lateral line.


surface structure

Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism.


nucleus of the descending root

Sensory trigeminal nucleus that lies at the mediodorsal edge of the descending trigeminal root (DV).  This nucleus is not clearly delineated.


diencephalic white matter

White matter that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition].


hyoideomandibular nerve

Nerve that is a branch of cranial nerve VII that passes through or around the suspensorium to innervate muscles and sensory organs on or near pharyngeal arch 2.


lower lip

Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO].


upper lip

Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO].


white matter

Neural tissue consisting of myelinated axons connecting grey matter areas of the central nervous system.


hindbrain nucleus

Nucleus located within the hindbrain.


medial funicular nucleus trigeminal nuclei

Sensory trigeminal nucleus located at the end of the medulla oblongata.


ventral anterior lateral line nerve

Nerve fibers originating from the ventral anterior lateral line ganglion. These rami innervate the mandibular and opercular neuromasts.


lateral line nerve

Cranial nerves that carry afferent and efferent fibers for the lateral line system.


nucleus of brain

A neural nucleus that is part of the brain.


posterior lateral line nerve

Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines.


ampullary nerve

A branch of the 8th cranial nerve that innervates the cristae ampullaris.


anterior lateral line nerve

Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VI and VII; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the anterior lateral line ganglia.


gray matter

A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons.


terminal nerve

The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina. It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest.


secondary gustatory nucleus trigeminal nuclei

Nucleus that lies rostral to the isthmic primary nucleus.


dorsal anterior lateral line nerve

Nerve fibers originating from the dorsal anterior lateral line ganglion. These rami innervate the otic, supraorbital, and infraorbital neuromasts.


cytosolic oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A cytosolic complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).


plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex B

A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-B is distinguished from PEP-A by its sensitivity to the antibiotic rifampicin. PEP-B is found in both etioplasts and chloroplasts, but is the predominate form in etioplasts. It forms the core of the PEP-A form; the conversion from PEP-B to PEP-A occurs during chloroplast maturation.


nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A complex required for RNAi mediated heterochromatin assembly. In S. pombe this contains RNA-directed RNA polymerase, a putative helicase and a protein containing a pap25 associated domain.


viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A virus-specific protein complex that possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and replicates the genome of an RNA virus.


TERT-RMRP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that has RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity, and is composed of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the non-coding RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP).


mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex located in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial RNA polymerase is composed of two subunits, a catalytic core, which resembles the enzymes from bacteriophage T7 and T3, and a specificity factor required for promoter recognition, which is similar to members of the eubacterial sigma factor family. In S. cerevisiae, these are encoded by the nuclear genes RPO41 and MTF1 and the specificity factor, required for promoter recognition and initiation, is not present in the elongating form.


RNA polymerase IV complex

RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol IV is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. The largest and second-largest subunits of Pol IV are the catalytic subunits and share similarity with the corresponding subunits of other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase V, while the largest subunit is found only in RNAP IV complex.


plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex

An RNA polymerase complex containing polypeptides encoded by the plastid genome. Plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerases resemble eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. Some forms contain multiple additional subunits. An additional sigma factor subunit is required for promoter recognition.


plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex A

A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-A is generated from the PEP-B form during chloroplast maturation to generate a complex composed of at least thirteen polypeptides that is not sensitive to the antibiotic rifampicin, like its precursor form the PEP-B complex.


Tic complex

The translocon of the inner envelope of chloroplasts, which facilitates the import of proteins across the chloroplast inner membrane.


Triangular-Hamate Joint

The articulation between the hamate and the triquetral bones in the wrist.


lower arm connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition].


quinone

Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).


Vitamin K

Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.


A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.


hydroxyanthraquinones

An anthraquinone substituted with one or more hydroxy groups.


prenylquinone

A quinone substituted by a polyprenyl-derived side-chain. Prenylquinones occur in all living cells. Due to their amphiphilic character, they are mainly located in biological membranes where they function as electron and proton carriers in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. Some prenylquinones also perform more specialised roles sucy as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors. Prenylquinones are classified according to ring structure: the main classes are menaquinones, phylloquinones, ubiquinones and plastoquinones.


acenoquinone

Quinones containing an acene fused ring system.


p-quinones

A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located para to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring.


A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.


A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring.


hydroxyquinone

Any quinone in which one or more of the carbons making up the quinone moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group.


mesopodium region

The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus).


N-acetylglucosamine

An N-acylglucosamine where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


enol ether

Ethers ROR' where R has a double bond adjacent to the oxygen of the ether linkage.


(R)-Bifonazole

A 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole that is the R-enantiomer of bifonazole.


A axonemal microtubule

A complete microtubule with 13 protofilaments that fuses with an incomplete microtubule called B tubule (containing 10 protofilaments only) to form an axonemal outer doublet. Inner and outer dynein arms, as well as the radial spoke, are attached to the A tubule.


supramolecular complex

A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber.


skeletal muscle myofibril

A myofibril of a skeletal muscle fiber.


dendritic microtubule

Any microtubule in a dendrite, a neuron projection.


fibronectin fibril

A supramolecular fiber formed from fibronectin molecules. The fibrils are 5 to 25nm in diameter and can form branched meshworks.


intraconoid microtubule

A microtubule located such that it threads through the conoid and projects through the polar ring.


supramolecular polymer

A polymeric supramolecular structure.


post-anaphase array microtubule

Any microtubule that is part of a post-anaphase microtubule array.


mitotic spindle polar microtubule

Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone.


meiotic spindle astral microtubule

Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


actomyosin contractile ring actin filament

Any actin filament that is part of a actomyosin contractile ring.


collagen sheet

A protein complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a sheet-like network.


subpellicular microtubule

Singlet microtubule that lie underneath the inner membrane pellicle complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid.


cortical microtubule

Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol.


cardiac myofibril

A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


actin filament of cell cortex of cell tip

Any actin filament that is part of a cell cortex of cell tip.


C2 axonemal microtubule

One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C1 axonemal microtubule (also called C1 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.


horsetail-astral microtubule array

An array of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis and facilitates horsetail nuclear movement.


intranuclear rod

A macromolecular fiber consisting of actin and cofilin that is formed in the nucleus as a consequence of chemical or mechanical stress conditions.


mitotic spindle microtubule

Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.


glial filament

An intermediate filament composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and found in astrocytes.


mitotic spindle kinetochore microtubule

Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic chromosome segregation.


cytoophidium

A subcellular filamentary structure where CTP synthase is compartmentalized in a range of organisms including bacteria, yeast, fruit fly, rat and human.


B axonemal microtubule

An incomplete microtubule containing 10 protofilaments that fuses with a complete microtubule called A tubule (containing 13 protofilaments) to form an axonemal outer doublet.


cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis

Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.


C1 axonemal microtubule

One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C2 axonemal microtubule (also called C2 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.


nuclear microtubule

Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of the ring nitrogen of pyridoxal.


DL-Alanine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


hypaxial region somite 28

The hypaxial region of somite 28 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle fiber

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a skeletal muscle fiber.


intestinal mucosal muscle

A thin layer of smooth muscle immediately beneath the base of the villi which permits the intestinal mucosa to dynamically move and fold.


muscularis mucosae of appendix

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a vermiform appendix.


muscularis mucosae of jejunum

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a jejunum.


muscularis mucosae of small intestine

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a small intestine.


large intestine smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].


small intestine smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].


muscularis mucosae of colon

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a colonic mucosa.


muscularis mucosae of duodenum

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a duodenum.


muscularis mucosae of intestine

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a intestine.


muscularis mucosae of large intestine

A muscularis mucosa that is part of a large intestine.


sural nerve

The sural nerve (short saphenous nerve), formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. It runs forward below the lateral malleolus, and is continued as the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve along the lateral side of the foot and little toe (via a dorsal digital nerve), communicating on the dorsum of the foot with the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, a branch of the superficial peroneal. In the leg, its branches communicate with those of the posterior femoral cutaneous.


iodothyronine

An  iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is  thyronine.


organoiodine compound

An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.


iodoamino acid

An amino acid containing at least one iodo substituent.


SCF-Hrt3/Pof7 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Hrt3 in S. cerevisiae (Pof7 in S. pombe).


germ tube septin cap

A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


cytoskeleton

A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.