Third Posterolateral Descending Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this is the third branch that arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation when counted from proximal to distal. It supplies the posterolateral wall.


sural artery

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted].


thyroid artery

An artery that supplies a thyroid gland.


Structure of penile artery

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any of the arteries that supply blood to the penis, including the common penile artery, and the bulbourethral, dorsal, and cavernosal branches of the common penile artery.


uterine spiral artery

A corkscrew-like artery in premenstrual or progestational endometrium; uterine spiral arteries play a vital role in supplying nutrients to the placenta and fetus, and are thus remodeled into highly dilated inelastic vessels by the action of invading trophoblast (physiological change).


left common carotid artery plus branches

The leftmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from the aortic arch in the thorax.


Lateral Ramus Intermedius Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the ramus intermedius artery.


Right Ventricular Branch of Right Coronary Artery

The branch of the right coronary artery that supplies blood to the right ventricular wall.


Posterolateral Coronary Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, the arterial branch that arises from the distal right coronary artery in the posterior atrioventricular groove after the origin of the right posterior descending artery.


superior rectal artery

The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum.


lateral thoracic artery

A blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted].


infraorbital artery

The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted].


superior thyroid artery

The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland.


masseteric artery

The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies. It anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary artery and with the transverse facial artery.


temporal artery

A terminal branch of the external carotid artery that branches into the anterior and posterior temporal arteries.


Anterior Circumflex Artery

An axillary artery branch with distribution to the humeral head and biceps muscle.


Pulmonary Artery Branch

Any artery arising from the pulmonary artery.


nutrient foramen artery

The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals.


Common Femoral Artery Branch

The proximal portion of the femoral artery.


right coronary artery

Coronary artery which runs along the right side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the right side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified].


Superficial femoral artery

The portion of the femoral artery distal to the branching of the deep femoral artery that runs close to the skin.


spinal artery

Arteries that supply the spinal cord.


Branch of femoral artery

Any artery arising from the femoral artery.


Anastomotica Magna Artery

A brachial artery branch with distribution to the muscles at the back of the elbow.


Lateral First Obtuse Marginal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the first obtuse marginal artery.


Hand Digit 2 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the index finger, either the radial artery of the index finger or the ulnar proper digital artery.


Third left marginal artery

The third artery arising from the left circumflex artery that supplies the lateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Popliteal Artery Above the Knee

The segment of the popliteal artery that is located above the knee.


Branch of anterior tibial artery

An arterial branch arising from the anterior tibial artery.


subscapular artery

The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted].


Intercostal Artery Branch

Either of three arteries (posterior or dorsal branch, collateral intercostal and spinal) that branch off of the intercostal artery.


Anterior Carpal Artery

One of the arteries that deliver blood to the wrist. It arises from the radial artery and forms an anastomosis with the ulnar anterior carpal artery.


Proximal Right Coronary Artery Conduit

The section of the right coronary artery proximal to the origin of the right ventricular artery.


Internal Pubic Artery

An artery that supplies the external sex organs in both males and females.


Lateral Second Obtuse Marginal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the second obtuse marginal artery.


superficial cervical artery

It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery.


First Left Posterolateral Branch Artery

In an individual with a left-dominant heart, this is the first branch that arises from the circumflex artery atrioventricular groove continuation when counted from proximal to distal. It supplies the posterolateral wall.


gastroepiploic artery

One of two (right and left) arteries along the greater curvature of the stomach that supply blood to the greater omentum and stomach.


Inferior Profunda Artery

A small blood vessel arising from the brachial artery in the lower portion of the upper arm that supplies blood to the head of the triceps muscle.


Branch of common iliac artery

Any artery arising from the common iliac artery.


Structure of marginal branch of right coronary artery

The arteries that arise at the junction of the proximal and mid-right coronary artery conduit segments.


Structure of gastroduodenal artery

A small artery located in the abdomen that arises from the common, left, or right hepatic artery, and supplies blood to the pylorus of the stomach, the proximal duodenum, and the head of the pancreas.


Distal Right Coronary Artery Conduit

The section of the right coronary artery distal to the origin of the acute marginal artery.


Perforating Artery of the Thigh

One of four arteries arising from the profunda femoris that pass through the adductor magnus muscle to supply the back of the thigh.


Third Right Posterolateral Artery

In an individual with a right-dominant heart, this is the third branch that arises from the right coronary artery distal to the right posterior descending artery, when counted from proximal to distal.


internal iliac artery

The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted].


Common Carotid Artery Branch

Any artery that takes its origin from the common carotid artery, most commonly the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery.


Second Diagonal Branch Artery

The second artery arising from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supplies the anterolateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Deep Palmar Artery

An arched blood vessel arising from the terminal portion of the radial artery and the ulnar artery located on the bases of the metacarpal bones.


Radial Artery of the Endometrium

Arteries that arises from the arcuate arteries in the myometrium and supply small straight arteries to the basal layer of the endometrium and spiral arteries to the functional zone of the endometrium.


Posterior Circumflex Artery

An artery branching off of the axillary artery that supplies the shoulder joint and the teres minor and deltoid muscles.


left pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung.


Structure of thyroidea ima artery

An artery that can arise from the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery, aortic arch, internal mammary artery, right common carotid artery, or the subclavian artery to supply the lower portion of the thyroid gland.


External Plantar Artery

An artery supplying blood to the bottom of the feet and toes that arises from the posterior tibial artery.


thoraco-acromial artery

The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted].


superior gluteal artery

The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted].


inferior thyroid artery

One of the three branches of the thyroid axis that supplies the thyroid gland and branches to form the ascending cervical, esophageal, inferior laryngeal, muscular and tracheal arteries.


Left Anterior Descending Septal Perforator Artery

The arteries that arise from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that supply the interventricular septum.


dorsal metacarpal artery

Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries.


lingual artery

The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP].


Subdivision of deep femoral artery

Any artery arising from the deep femoral artery.


Structure of pericardial artery

The small arteries arising from the thoracic aorta that supply the pericardium.


Structure of middle rectal artery

An artery arising from the internal iliac artery that supplies the middle section of the rectum and anastomoses with the superior and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries.


Hand Digit 5 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the little finger, either the ulnar or radial proper digital artery.


First left marginal artery

The first artery arising from the left circumflex artery that supplies the lateral wall, when counted from proximal to distal.


Branch of axillary artery

Any artery arising from the axillary artery.


Structure of deep brachial artery

A blood vessel arising from the brachial artery in the center of the upper arm that supplies blood to the triceps muscle and humerus.


Branch of dorsalis pedis artery

Any artery arising from the dorsalis pedis artery.


Hand Digit 3 Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the middle finger, either the ulnar or radial proper digital artery.


anterior tibial artery

The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted].


branch of external carotid artery

Any artery arising from the external carotid artery.


Lateral First Diagonal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the first diagonal artery.


mental artery

The mental branch of inferior alveolar artery escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries. [WP,unvetted].


obturator artery

The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted].


plantar metatarsal artery

The plantar metatarsal arteries (digital branches) are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei. Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes. Near their points of division each sends upward an anterior perforating branch to join the corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis) springs from the junction between the lateral plantar and deep plantar arteries and sends a digital branch to the medial side of the first toe. The digital branch for the lateral side of the fifth toe arise from the lateral plantar artery near the base of the fifth metatarsal bone.


Azygos Articular Artery

A small blood vessel branch arising opposite of the back of the knee joint from the popliteal artery and supplies the ligaments and synovial membrane in the interior of the articulation.


Distal Left Anterior Descending Artery

The segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that is distal to the third diagonal branch.


Lateral Second Diagonal Branch Artery

The lateral branch distal to a bifurcation of the second diagonal artery.


ethmoidal artery

One of: anterior or posterior ethmoidal arteries.


left coronary artery

Coronary artery which runs along the left side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the left side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified].


Resectable Carcinoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck that is amenable to surgical resection.


Carcinoma duodenum resectable

Carcinoma of the duodenum amendable to surgical removal.


Resectable Periampullary Adenocarcinoma

Periampullary adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical removal.


Resectable Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

Liver and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Digestive System Carcinoma

Digestive system carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin squamous cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Localized Resectable Adult Liver Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is amendable to surgical removal.


Resectable Skin Carcinoma

Skin carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Small intestine carcinoma resectable

Carcinoma of the small intestine amendable to resection.


Resectable Colon Carcinoma

Colon carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Localized Resectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Carcinoma liver resectable

A hepatocellular carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Resectable Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Gastric Xanthoma

A xanthoma located in the stomach.


Childhood Cerebellar Anaplastic Astrocytoma

A cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Cerebellar Astrocytoma

Regrowth of benign and malignant childhood cerebellar astrocytomas that have previously been subjected to surgical resection and less frequently other forms of therapy such as radiation or chemotherapy.  Recurrence of benign tumors (e.g., (pilocytic astrocytoma) may respond to a second surgical procedure.


epithelial tube

Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.


metanephric ureteric bud

The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO].


epithelium of male urethra

An epithelium that is part of a male urethra.


pulmonary artery endothelium

An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO].


renal tubule

A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


mesonephric tubule

A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP].


renal cortex tubule

A region of nephron tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney.


male paramesonephric duct

An epithelial tube that develops from a Mullerian duct in a male. Later degenerates.


mesonephric connecting tubule

The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros.


jugular lymph sac

An embryonic lymph sac that forms at the junction of the future internal jugular/anterior cardinals and subclavian veins.


dental follicle

A sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively.


mesonephric nephron tubule

A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO].


nephric duct

A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO].


distal tubule

The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that consists of the distal convoluted tubule and distal straight tubule segments.


efferent duct epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a efferent duct.


uriniferous tubule

Functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule.


ejaculatory duct epithelium

The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands.


embryonic lymph sac

A population of lymphatic endothelial cell precursors that will form the lymph vessels.


metanephric proximal straight tubule

The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO].


endothelial tube

Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition].


renal connecting tubule

The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO].


epithelium of pancreatic duct

An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct.


mammary duct

Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO].


arborizing epithelial duct system

A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal.


proximal straight tubule

The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.


ureteric bud trunk

Ureteric bud cells that elongate to form a rigid structure (stalk) consisting of polarized epithelial cells without branching; the stalks differentiate into the collecting system of the mature kidney, while the tip cells interact with the adjacent cells of the metanephric mesenchyme, inducing their conversion into nephrons.


embryonic cisterna chyli

An embryonic lymph sac that is dorsal to the retroperitoneal lymph sac, at the level of the adrenal glands.


heart tube

An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


paroophoron

A collection of a few scattered rudimentary tubules child, situated in the broad ligament between the epoophoron and the uterus.


metanephric loop of Henle

The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO].


outer medulla outer stripe loop of Henle

A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla outer stripe.


metanephric nephron tubule

A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO].


transitional epithelium of prostatic urethra


dorsal pancreatic bud

Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.


ventral pancreatic bud

Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct.


epithelial sac

An epithelial tube that is open at one end only.


mammary duct terminal end bud

A unique club-shaped epithelial structure that develops at the tip of the mammary duct at the onset of puberty under the action of circulating hormones.


pleuroperitoneal canal

Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity.


mesonephric distal tubule

The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule.


pronephric proximal convoluted tubule

A proximal convoluted tubule that is part of a pronephros.


proximal tubule

In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO].


iliac lymph sac

An embryonic lymph sac that forms near the junction of the iliac veins with the posterior cardinal veins.


secretory coil of eccrine sweat gland

Tightly coiled tubule whose function is the production of sweat. The secretory tubule has three types of cells: clear, dark, and myoepithelial.


distal straight tubule postmacula segment


metanephric distal convoluted tubule

The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO].


male mammary gland duct

A mammary gland duct that is part of a male organism. This structure typically regresses.


accessory lymph sac

An extracoelomic lateral abdominal space that accumulates body fluid.


thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

The distal sub-portion of the ascending loop of Henle which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and enters the renal cortex to empty a hypotonic filtrate into the distal convoluted tubule.


metanephric distal tubule

The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule[GO].


primitive metanephric nephron

A primitive nephron that is part of a metanephros.


Rathkes pouch epithelium

An epithelial sac that is part of a Rathke's pouch.


ureteric bud tip

The terminal end of the ureteric tree; the ureteric tip cells are proliferating immature cells located at the branching points that induce the adjacent cap mesenchyme to undergo nephrogenesis.


Malpighian tubule

A tubule that extends from the posterior part of the digestive tract which absorbs solutes, water, and wastes from the surrounding hemolymph. Each tubule consists of a single layer of cells that is closed off at the distal end with the proximal end joining the alimentary canal at the junction between the midgut and hindgut[WP,modified].


metanephric connecting tubule

The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO].


mammary gland cord

The solid cord of epithelial cells that emerges from the mammary bud and grows down from the primary mammary mesenchyme and into a second stromal compartment, the fat pad precursor, beneath the dermis.


epithelial tube open at both ends

An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow.


neural tube

In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted].


metanephric ascending thin limb

The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO].


tubotympanic recess epithelium

The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity.


pancreatic epithelial bud

The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID].


retroperitoneal embryonic lymph sac

An embryonic lymph sac that forms in the root of the mesentery on the posterior abdominal wall.


ear vesicle

An epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP].


infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle

A funnel-shaped diverticulum that extends downward from the anterior aspect of the floor of the third ventricle into the infundibulum of the hypophysis; the embryonic structure gives rise the neural component of the pituitary (pas nervosa).


loop of Henle ascending limb thin segment

A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water.


future common hepatic duct

An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct.


paradidymis

A small collection of convoluted tubules, situated in front of the lower part of the cord above the head of the epididymis. These tubes are lined with columnar ciliated epithelium, and probably represent the remains of a part of the Wolffian body but are functionless and vestigial. The Wolffian body operates as a kidney (metanephros) in fishes and amphibians, but the corresponding tissue is co-opted to form parts of the male reproductive system in other classes of vertebrate. The paradidymis represents a remnant of an unused, atrophied part of the Wolffian body[WP,modified].


epithelial plexus

A complex of interlinking epithelial tubules.


mesonephric early distal tubule

The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons.


ureter ureteric bud

The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO].


capillary bed

A localized group of blood capillaries.


hepatic diverticulum

An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.


renal straight tubule

Any region of a nephron tubule that is straight. Examples: distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tuble.


capillary loop nephron

Developing nephron where the developing glomerular capsule has been invaded by a glomerular capillary loop called the glomerular tuft.


pronephric nephron tubule

The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO].


outer medulla inner stripe loop of Henle

A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla inner stripe.


respiratory system arterial endothelium

An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


epithelium of duct of salivary gland

An epithelium that is part of a duct of salivary gland.


mesonephric proximal tubule

The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


intermediate tubule

The intermediate tubule is a nephron tubule that lies between the proximal and distal tubules.


pronephric duct

In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP].


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule

The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO].


perineural vascular plexus

The capillary bed that initially surrounds the relative avascular brain and spinal cord; the perineural vascular plexus (PNVP) is the precursor to the blood brain barrier formed by angioblasts which migrate away from somites and is recruited to surround the neural tube in response to VEGF; vascularization of the brain and spinal cord occurs via angiogenesis as sprouting vessels from the PNVP invade the neuroepithelium and grow inward toward the ventricular lumen[MP].


epididymis epithelium

The layer of secretory cells which lines the epididymis.


metanephric thick ascending limb

At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule[GO].


mesonephric duct

Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA].


primitive nephron

An epithelial tube that is fated to become a nephron.


placental artery endothelium

An endothelium that is part of the placental artery.


inner renal medulla loop of Henle

A loop of Henle that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


ureteric bud

An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP].


umbilical artery endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a umbilical artery.


epithelium of female urethra

An epithelium that is part of a female urethra.


premacula segment of distal straight tubule


pronephric proximal straight tubule

A proximal straight tubule that is part of a pronephros.


metanephric tubule

A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO].


metanephric proximal tubule

The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO].


Cdc48p-Npl4p-Vms1p AAA ATPase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A multiprotein ATPase complex involved in the release of polyubiquitinated proteins, including those damaged by oxidative stress, from the outer mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm where they are presented to the proteasome for proteolysis, a process also referred to as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Vms1p.


A 4-hydroxy-D-proline in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has S-configuration.


mRNA cleavage stimulating factor complex

A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition.


Stage II Lip Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Lower Gingival Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the lower gingiva.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity recurrent

Reemergence of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity after a period of remission.


Buccal Mucosa Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the buccal mucosa.


Oral Cavity Carcinoma Cuniculatum

A variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity. It is characterized by the presence of minimal cytological atypia, multiple keratin-filled crypts, and intraepithelial neutrophils.


Upper Gingival Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the upper gingiva.


Positive Laboratory Test Result

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A laboratory test result that indicates that a specific disease, condition, or attribute being assessed is present.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Positive

Indicates that human immunodeficiency virus 1 has been detected in a sample.


Disseminated Tumor Cells Positive

An indication that single tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells have been detected in a tissue sample.


Monoclonal Band

Monoclonal immunoglobulin or monoclonal light chain that is present in the serum and/or urine. It is the result of a clonal B-cell or plasma cell proliferation.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive

A laboratory test result indicating the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a sample.


Sad1-Kms1 LINC complex

A LINC complex implicated in the connection of DNA double strand breaks to the cytoskeleton during DNA double-strand break repair.


interleukin-15 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-15 (IL-15) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha, beta and gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain is unique to binds IL-15 while it shares the beta chain with the IL-2 receptor and the cytokine receptor common gamma chain with multiple interleukin receptors.


Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant

Hairy cell leukemia variant that is resistant to treatment.


HHV-8-Associated Multicentric Castleman Disease

A systemic form of angiofollicular hyperplasia associated with HHV8 infection.


intralobular bile duct

The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule.


intrahepatic bile duct

Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.


Sellar Chondroid Chordoma

A chondroid chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


Conventional Chordoma

A malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the fetal notochord. It is characterized by the presence of large epithelioid cells with clear to light eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some of the cells are large with bubbly, vacuolated cytoplasm (physaliphorous cells). The cells form cords and nests that are embedded within an extracellular myxoid matrix.


alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase complex

A catalytic protein complex that is capable of alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity.


medial palpebral artery

The medial palpebral arteries (internal palpebral arteries) are arteries of the head. They are two in number, superior and inferior, arise from the ophthalmic, opposite the pulley of the Obliquus superior.


palpebral artery

An artery that supplies blood to an eyelid.


lateral palpebral artery

The lateral palpebral arteries are small arteries which supply the eyelid.


temporal branch of lateral pretrosal artery

Part of lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the eyelids.


An adenocarcinoma that arises from the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by the absence of features that resemble intestinal adenocarcinoma.


Recurrent Malignant Mastocytosis

The reemergence of malignant mastocytosis after a period of remission.


Psychogenic Musculoskeletal Chest Pain with Dysfunctional Breathing

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain associated with inappropriate hyperpnea or tachypnea. (ACC/AHA)


Psychogenic Musculoskeletal Chest Pain

A condition in which there is the sensation of musculoskeletal chest pain due to a conversion disorder. (ACC/AHA)


Sellar Gangliocytoma

A tumor that arises in the sellar region and is characterized by the presence of mature ganglion cells and neuronal differentiation. It is often associated with the presence of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors/adenomas.


Double-Negative Prostate Carcinoma

A metastatic, castration-resistant prostate carcinoma that is composed of fibroblast growth factor-driven malignant cells.


Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma Refractory to Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Axis-Targeted Agents

Castration-resistant prostate carcinoma which is refractory to second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted agents, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide.


Intermediate Atypical Prostate Carcinoma

An aggressive, castration-resistant, histologically distinct, metastatic carcinoma arising from the prostate gland. It is characterized by the presence of a pure population of cytologically bland malignant epithelial cells with moderate to abundant cytoplasm and rare mitotic figures. The prognosis is poor.


Aggressive Variant Prostate Carcinoma

A lethal form of advanced castration-resistant prostate carcinoma that emerges in the later stages of castration-resistant treatment. It is an adaptive response to androgen receptor pathway inhibition. The morphologic features vary, ranging from poorly differentiated carcinomas to mixed adenocarcinoma-small cell carcinomas to pure small cell carcinomas expressing neuroendocrine markers. Clinically, it manifests with rapidly progressive disease, visceral or lytic bone metastases and bulky tumor masses. Molecular studies have shown the loss of tumor suppressor genes TP53 and RB1.


Advanced Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

An advanced Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis.


allylamine antifungal drug

An organonitrogen compound that contains an amino group that is attached to a carbon which is itself attached to an olefinic carbon and which has been used as an antifungal drug.


Situs inversus thoracis

A congenital condition in which there is complete right-to-left reversal of the position of the thoracic organs.


Urethritis Glandularis

A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the urethra.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the urethral wall.  The cysts are lined by metaplastic glandular cells.


Dialysis Catheter Tunnel Infection

Local infection involving the subcutaneously tunneled portion of a dialysis catheter.


Lugano Classification Stage IV Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the CSF, bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lugano Classification Stage IV Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8


hippocampal mossy fiber expansion

Synaptic expansion of hippocampal mossy fiber axon that makes contact with the thorny excrescences of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IVB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


posterior communicating artery

One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery.


communicating artery

An artery that connects two larger arteries.


anterior communicating artery

A blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis.


Astrocytoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A central nervous system tumor with morphological features of astrocytoma in which there is insufficient information on the IDH genes status.


Ciliary Body Benign Teratoid Medulloepithelioma

A rare, unilateral, benign embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium and contains heterologous elements, particularly cartilage, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue.


Recurrent Extragonadal Seminoma

The reemergence of extragonadal seminoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor

The reemergence of malignant extragonadal germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Extragonadal Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

The reemergence of a malignant extragonadal nongerminomatous germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Invasive cervical carcinoma that can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with maximum depth of invasion less than 5 mm. (FIGO 2018)


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with measured stromal invasion equal or more than 3 mm and less than 5 mm in depth. (FIGO 2018)


Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

Cervical carcinoma with measured stromal invasion less than 3 mm in depth. (FIGO 2018)


prescapular lymph node

A lymph node located in front of the shoulder.


Quinoxaline

A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.


Stage I Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring less than 2 cm. N0: No regional lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Infiltrating Intramuscular Lipoma

An infiltrating lipoma that affects skeletal muscle.  It has a higher rate of local recurrence.


Refractory Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma

Endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Campylobacter jejuni infection

An infection that is caused by Campylobacter jejuni.


Small Intestinal Infection

An infectious process affecting the small intestine.


Duodenal Infection

An infectious process affecting the duodenum.


left cardiac atrium

A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve.


Stage IVB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cervical Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma in which more than 50% of malignant cells contain intracytoplasmic mucin. There is no evidence of gastric, intestinal, or signet ring cell differentiation.


glycerolipid

Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached.


A 3-sn-glycerophosphoserine compound having acyl substituents at the 1- and 2-hydroxy positions.


triradylglycerol

A glycerol compound having one of three possible substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at each of the three possible positions sn-1, sn-2 or sn-3. has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754), children: triglyceride (CHEBI:17855). Parent: is_a glycerolipid (CHEBI:35741)


glyceride

Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


phosphatidyl-L-serine

A class of aminophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of serine.


glycerophospholipid

Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone.


Triglyceride

Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


Hepatitis Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


Stage IIIA Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of liver

A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm that arises from the liver.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.  Patients may be asymptomatic or present with an abdominal mass, ascites, and jaundice.


Stage I Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage I includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0). T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 5 cm without vascular invasion.  T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 5 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A fibrolamellar carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Hepatoblastoma with Pure Fetal Epithelial Differentiation

A hepatoblastoma composed of small cells resembling the fetal hepatocytes, forming thin trabeculae.


Recurrent Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Hepatoblastoma recurrent

The reemergence of hepatoblastoma after a period of remission.


Stage IV Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


BCLC Stage 0 Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Very early hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients are optimal candidates for resection. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


BCLC Stage D Hepatocellular Carcinoma

End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Adult Liver Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Stage IV Liver Cancer

Stage IV carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Metastatic Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A fibrolamellar carcinoma that has spread from the liver to another anatomic site.


Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


PRETEXT Stage 4 Hepatoblastoma

An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves all 4 quadrants; there is no quadrant free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Non-Resectable Malignant Liver Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm that affects the liver and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Adult Pleomorphic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A pleomorphic hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7


BCLC Stage C Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage IV includes (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor of the Liver

A rare, aggressive primary malignant tumor of the liver that occurs in childhood.  It is characterized by the presence of a diffuse infiltrate of undifferentiated cells with rhabdoid features.


Stage II Liver Cancer

Stage II carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Postsurgical Stage III Hepatoblastoma

No distant metastases, tumor unresectable or resected with gross residual tumor, or positive lymph nodes. (from PDQ 2004)


PRETEXT Stage 3 Hepatoblastoma

An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves 3 adjoining quadrants or 2 nonadjoining quadrants; 1 quadrant or 2 nonadjoining quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Refractory Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Uveal Melanoma Metastatic in the Liver

A melanoma that originates from melanocytes of the uveal tract and has spread to the liver.


Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor larger than 2 cm with vascular invasion, or multiple tumors, none larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Liver Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Stage IV Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Liver Cancer

Stage III carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Stage IIIC Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colon Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the colonic wall and has spread to the liver.


Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. T4: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein, or tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Liver Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the liver and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


Moderately Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm forming trabecular and pseudoglandular patterns.  It is usually associated with tumors that are larger than 3 cm in diameter.


Hepatocellular carcinoma, spindle cell variant

A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells or atypical giant cells.


carcinosarcoma of liver

An aggressive carcinoma with a sarcomatous component that arises from the liver.  The sarcomatous component is clonally related to the more differentiated, carcinomatous component.  The prognosis is usually poor.


Hepatic cancer stage IVA

Stage IVA carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th and 8th editions.


Stage II Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with intrahepatic vascular invasion, or multiple tumors, with or without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hepatocellular Malignant Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified

A rare childhood malignant liver neoplasm with overlapping features of hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.


Stage I Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Locally Advanced Liver Carcinoma

Liver carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Teratoid Hepatoblastoma

A hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components and additional tissues such as striated muscle, bone, epithelial tissues, and melanin pigment.


BCLC Stage B Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may benefit from chemoembolization. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Kaposi's sarcoma of liver

A Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the liver.


Stage IA Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 5 cm without vascular invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of diffuse neutrophil infiltrates within the tumor.


Stage IIIB Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage 0 Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ (intraductal tumor). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

Liver and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during childhood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Malignant Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

A malignant non-epithelial neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic bile ducts.  Representative examples include lymphoma, angiosarcoma, and undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma.


BCLC Stage B Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to hepatocellular carcinomas and fibrolamellar carcinomas (fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma). Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas, and sarcomas of the liver are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


A hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis B virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis C virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


BCLC Stage 0 Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Very early hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients are optimal candidates for resection. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Localized Non-Resectable Adult Liver Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Childhood Liver Cancer

A hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma that occurs during childhood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Liver Yolk Sac Tumor

A yolk sac tumor that arises from the liver.


Stage I Liver Carcinoma

Stage I carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

An adenocarcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postsurgical Stage IV Hepatoblastoma

Distant metastases, regardless of the extent of liver involvement. (from PDQ 2004)


Small Cell Undifferentiated Hepatoblastoma

A hepatoblastoma composed exclusively of noncohesive sheets of small undifferentiated cells.


Postsurgical Stage I Hepatoblastoma

No metastases, tumor completely resected. (from PDQ 2004)


Well Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with mild atypia and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio forming thin trabecular patterns.  It is usually associated with small tumors and an early stage.


Stage IB Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 5 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Liver Carcinoma

The reemergence of liver carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IVA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


BCLC Stage A Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Stage II Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors, with or without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage III Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hepatoblastoma resectable

Hepatoblastoma amenable to surgical removal.


Stage IVB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein, or tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Localized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Adult Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar variant that occurs during adulthood.


Poorly Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant pleomorphic cells forming solid patterns.


Recurrent Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

The reemergence of fibrolamellar carcinoma after a period of remission.


undifferentiated carcinoma of liver

A rare carcinoma that arises from the liver.  The diagnosis is made by immunohistochemical studies.  Morphologic studies alone cannot establish the diagnosis of carcinoma or further subclassify the malignant tumor.


A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following alcohol-induced injury of the liver parenchyma.


Stage IVB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Stage I Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma measuring equal to or less than 2 cm in diameter. It includes early hepatocellular carcinoma and small progressed hepatocellular carcinoma.


Pleomorphic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma, characterized by the presence of malignant cells which show marked variation in their size and shape. Bizarre mononuclear or multinucleated giant cells are often present.


Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein. T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum or involving the local extra hepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of liver

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


PRETEXT Stage 1 Hepatoblastoma

An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves only 1 quadrant; 3 adjoining liver quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by BCLC Stage

A staging classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma that uses variables related to tumor stage, liver functional status, physical status, and cancer-related symptoms, and links the stages with a treatment algorithm. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Hepatoblastoma non-resectable

Hepatoblastoma not amenable to surgical removal.


Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of intrahepatic bile duct cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas (mixed hepatocholangiocarcinomas), and primary neuroendocrine tumors of the liver. Primary sarcomas of the liver, pure hepatocellular carcinomas, hilar cholangiocarcinomas, and gallbladder carcinomas are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage III Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum. T4: Tumor involving local extrahepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chromophobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with smooth chromophobic cytoplasm, abrupt focal nuclear anaplasia, and scattered microscopic pseudocysts.


Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The reemergence of hepatocellular carcinoma after a period of remission


BCLC Stage A Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Refractory Liver Carcinoma

Liver carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVB Liver Cancer

Stage IVB carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th and 8th editions.


Refractory Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Liver

A carcinoma that has spread to the liver from another primary anatomic site.  Representative examples include metastatic carcinomas from the colon, breast, and lung.


Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A low grade, well differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It lacks obvious stromal invasion and significant atypia.


Liver Plasmacytoma

A plasmacytoma that arises in the liver.


Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


A rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of pleomorphic malignant cells that are intermixed with lymphocytes.


Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); IIIC: (Any T, Any N, M0).  IIIA: T3: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm or tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein(s).  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


PRETEXT Stage 2 Hepatoblastoma

An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves 2 adjoining quadrants; 2 adjoining quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Stage IV Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage IVA includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor with periductal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Hepatoblastoma with Combined Fetal and Embryonal Epithelial Differentiation

A hepatoblastoma composed of cells resembling fetal epithelial cells and small round cells resembling blastema cells.


Rectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the rectum and has spread to the liver.


Adult Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma

A combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIC Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Malignant Liver Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm of the liver developed in childhood.  Representative examples include hepatoblastoma, undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma, and extrarenal rhabdoid tumor.


BCLC Stage D Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Macrotrabecular Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by more than 50% growth of macrotrabecular pattern (equal to or more than 6 to 10 cells thick). It presents with higher grade and stage compared to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. It has poor prognosis with early recurrence and poor overall survival.


Stage II Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Stage IIIB Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor involving local extrahepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of steatohepatitis features, including macrovesicular steatosis, fibrosis, ballooning of malignant hepatocytes, Mallory bodies, and inflammation.


Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

A carcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


Small Progressed Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A well to moderately differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of obvious stromal invasion and increase atypia compared with early hepatocellular carcinoma.


Recurrent Adult Liver Carcinoma

A hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Grade II Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate architectural and cytologic abnormalities.


recurrent childhood acute myeloid leukemia

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia in childhood after a period of remission.


Testicular Tumor of the Thecoma/Fibroma Group

A group of rare, slow-growing stromal tumors that arise from the testis.  This category includes thecoma and fibroma.


Testicular Signet Ring Stromal Tumor

An extremely rare tumor that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelioid cells with signet ring appearance separated by fibrous tissue into trabeculae and nests. The histologic features are bland and there is no mucin production. Mutations of CTNNB1 gene have been identified in the reported cases. It is considered a special type of sex cord-stromal tumor. All reported cases had a benign clinical course without metastases.


Stage IV Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, M1b. M1b: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with all other distant metastases. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Childhood Unfavorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis that occurs during childhood.


vacuole-isolation membrane contact site

An organelle membrane contact site formed at the junction of the vacuolar membrane and the isolation membrane or phagophore in response to starvation or other stresses, leading to the formation of the autophagosome.


endoplasmic reticulum-endosome membrane contact site

A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the endosome membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-vacuole membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and lytic vacuole membranes, structured by bridging complexes.


vacuole-mitochondrion membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between the vacuolar membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, important for transfer of lipids between the two organelles.


mitochondrial crista junction

A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.


mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site

Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.


nucleus-vacuole junction

An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.


endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site

A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the plasma membrane, structured by bridging complexes.


Acquired Factor III Deficiency

An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Factor III deficiency

A coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Factor III Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to tissue factor (factor III) in the blood.


Hereditary Factor III Deficiency

An autosomal recessive, inherited coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Acardius

A severe form of twin-twin transfusion syndrome that occurs in monochorionic pregnancies. The normal twin (pump twin) supplies the blood flow to its sibling that lacks heart or brain or both (acardiac/acephalic twin). Untreated, it may lead to the demise of the pump twin in some cases.


Suture Abrasion

Wearing away of the surface of a suture as a result of bending and frictional forces.


skin abrasion

Superficial damage to the skin caused by rubbing or scraping.


Benign neoplasm of supraglottis

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the supraglottis.


Z granule

A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells that are distinct from, but colocalize with or are adjacent to, P granules and mutator foci and are associated with RNA metabolism. Z granules have been observed in C. elegans.


TIS granule

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm that is formed by the RNA-binding protein TIS11B and RNA molecules, enriched in membrane protein-encoding mRNAs with multiple AU-rich elements. TIS granules are reticular meshworks intertwined with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).


GW body

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. GW-bodies minimally contain the Argonaute2 (Ago2) and TNRC6B proteins, together with specific target RNAs.


RNP body

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm of bacteria, minimally containing the RNase E protein and RNA molecules. Bacterial RNP-bodies are similar to eukaryotic P-bodies and stress granules.


Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Maturation

An acute myeloid leukemia without maturation occurring in children.


transitional glandular epithelium of anorectum

Glandular epithelium of the anal transition zone. The anal transition zone is defined loosely as the tissue interposed between the uninterrupted squamous epithelium of the anoderm and the uninterrupted mucosal epithelium of the anal canal in the anorectum.


aortic valve anulus

The fibrous ring of the aortic valve that attaches the cusps of aortic valve to the wall of left ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the posterior, right anterior and left anterior cusps.


TRC complex

A protein complex found in yeast that contains GET4, MDY2 (GET5), SGT2, and at least two heat shock proteins, HSP104 and YBR137W. The TRC complex transfers tail-anchored (TA) proteins to GET3 for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


Parasite-Related Carcinoma

A term that refers to a group of carcinomas that are caused by parasites.


Schistosoma Hematobium-Related Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is caused by Schistosoma hematobium.


Schistosoma Hematobium-Related Bladder Verrucous Carcinoma

A verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is caused by Schistosoma hematobium.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to choroid

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the choroid from another anatomic site.


Gallbladder Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder.


Maxillofacial Chondroblastoma

A benign chondroid-producing neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone.


Osteochondromyxoma

A rare benign chondroid and osteoid matrix-producing neoplasm of bone characterized by extensive myxoid changes.  It may be a locally destructive neoplasm and has been reported in patients with Carney complex.


Laryngeal Chondroma

A benign neoplasm arising from hyaline cartilage of the larynx. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Maxillofacial Chondroma

A benign neoplasm of hyaline cartilage that arises within the medullary cavity of a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Maxillofacial Chondromyxoid Fibroma

An uncommon benign cartilaginous neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped or stellate chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and sometimes multinucleated giant cells.


Chondromatosis

A multifocal benign neoplasm arising from bone or soft tissue.  It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes and is composed of hyaline cartilage.


Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation

A benign lesion that usually affects the proximal small bones of the hands or feet.  Grossly it consists of a cartilage cap and a bony stalk.  Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of spindle cells, cartilage, and bone, usually in a disorganized pattern compared to subungual exostosis.  Enlarged (bizarre) chondrocytes are present in the cartilage.  Swelling with or without pain is present.  Recurrences following resection have been reported in approximately half of cases.


Solitary Osteochondroma

An osteochondroma affecting a single anatomical site.


Tactile Disorder

Conditions characterized by an alteration in the ability to perceive touch.


Uterine Obstruction

Blockage of the uterine outlet. Causes include uterine tumors and adhesions.


Refractory Lymphoma

A lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Central nervous system lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma

Primary cutaneous lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory EBV-Related Lymphoma

EBV-related lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity refractory

Mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Classical Hodgkin lymphoma refractory

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Primary Bone Lymphoma

Primary lymphoma of bone that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma resistant to treatment


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis refractory

Nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type refractory

Lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Post abortion hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding occurring after spontaneous miscarriage or therapeutic abortion.


Vitamin D4

It is present in mushrooms.


1alpha,25-dihydroxy-22-oxavitamin D3 3-hemiglutarate/1alpha,25-dihydroxy-22-oxacholecalciferol 3-hemiglutarate


previtamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid which is an intermediate in the production of vitamin D3 in human skin.


23(S),25-dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 23 (with 23S-configuration) and an oxo group at position 24. An intermediate in the degradation pathway of 25-OH-vitamin D3.


(20S,24S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 24 (both with S-configuration).


(5Z)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-3-thiavitamin D3 3-oxide/(5Z)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-3-thiacholecalciferol 3-oxide


calcidiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


1,24(S)-Dihydroxyvitamin D2

Metabolite of vitamin D2. It  present in the circulation of humans, cows, and rats given pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity.


(20S)-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 20 with S-configuration.


A hydroxycalciol that is calciol with an additional hydroxy group at position C-1 and an acetoxy group at C-18.


(20S,23)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 23.


1alpha-hydroxy-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 24-carboxylic acid


(23S,25R)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactol/(23S,25R)-25-hydroxycholecalciferol 26,23-lactol


A vitamin D in which the side-chain at position 17 consists of a (5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl group.


1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 25-trimethylsilyl ether


1alpha,2beta,25-trihydroxy vitamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol carrying three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha, 2beta and 25.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity


D3 vitamins

A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with an acetoxy group at C-18.


25-Hydroxyvitamin D2

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


5,6-trans-Vitamin D3

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the double bond at position 5 adopts a trans-configuration. During exposure to sunlight, previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 in the skin become photoisomerized to 5,6-trans-vitamin D3.


Tacalcitol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol which carries hydroxy groups at positions 1S and 24R. It is a vitamin D3 analog which is used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in adults, especially on the scalp.


(20S,24R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 24 (with R-configuration).


20(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 25.


Doxercalciferol

A hydroxy seco-steroid and synthetic vitamin D2 analogue that undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D2), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D2. It is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the body produces excess parathyroid hormone (PTH; a natural substance needed to control the amount of calcium in the blood) in certain people with chronic kidney disease.


Ercalcitriol

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha and 25.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


nerve of cervical vertebra

The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted].


Splenic Plasmacytoma

A plasmacytoma that arises in the spleen.


Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia, Unclassifiable

A small B-cell clonal lymphoproliferative disorder of the spleen that does not fall into any of the other categories of mature B-cell neoplasms.


Malignant Splenic Soft Tissue Neoplasm

A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the spleen.


Recurrent Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant

The reemergence of hairy cell leukemia variant after a period of remission.


Splenic Manifestation of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

Infiltration and expansion of the red pulp and sinusoids of the spleen by chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.


Splenic Manifestation of B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the white and red pulp of the spleen by B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.


Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma Involving the Spleen

Infiltration of the spleen by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of plasma cell myeloma


Splenic Manifestation of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the white and red pulp of the spleen by T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.


Malignant lymphoma of spleen

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma or rarely Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the spleen.


Splenic Manifestation of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia

Infiltration and expansion of the red pulp cords and sinusoids of the spleen by T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. The white pulp of the spleen is not involved and is often hyperplastic.


thiazolidinediones

A thiadiazolidine in which the 1,3-thiazolidine ring is substituted by two oxo groups.


neurohypophysis

The posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon.


Paratesticular Paraganglioma

An extremely rare paraganglioma that arises from the paratesticular structures.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Other Organ Dysfunction

Familial myeloid neoplasms associated with germline mutations and a preexisting disorder or organ dysfunction other than a platelet disorder.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes

Familial myelodysplastic syndromes/ acute myeloid leukemias associated with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline GATA2 Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline GATA2 mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline SAMD9 Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline SAMD9 mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline SAMD9L Mutation

Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline SAMD9L mutation.


Myeloid Proliferations Associated with Down Syndrome

Myeloid neoplasms occurring in individuals with Down syndrome.  There is an increased risk of acute leukemias in both children and adults with Down syndrome.  In particular, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome children of less than five years of age is particularly high, it is usually an acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.  This group of disorders also includes the entity transient abnormal myelopoiesis which occurs in neonates and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition Associated with Telomerase Biology Disorders

Familial myelodysplastic syndromes/ acute myeloid leukemias associated with telomerase biology disorders.


Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Lesion

A non-invasive, precursor epithelial proliferation that arises from the fallopian tube, lacks severe atypia, and demonstrates serous differentiation.


Fracture of Ulna Related to Birth

A broken ulna sustained during the birthing process.


Closed Monteggia's fracture

Proximal radial head dislocation in association with a proximal ulnar fracture that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Clavicle Related to Birth

An injury sustained during the birthing process in which the continuity is broken in the clavicle.


Fracture of acetabulum

A traumatic break in the portion of the pelvic bone that forms the hip socket.


Fracture of Femur Related to Birth

A broken femur sustained during the birthing process.


Closed fracture of rib

A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones.


Closed fracture of shaft of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the diaphysis of the metacarpal bone that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of multiple ribs

A traumatic break in two or more places in one rib, or a traumatic break in more than one rib, that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of pelvis

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones comprising the bony structure of the pelvis that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Open fracture of rib

A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage  that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of mandible, closed

A traumatic break in the mandible  that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of malar AND/OR maxillary bones

A traumatic break in the malar and maxillary bones  that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture Related to Birth

A broken bone sustained during the birthing process.


Closed fracture of neck of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the area of the metacarpal bone located between the diaphysis and the distal metaphysis that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of bone involving growth plate

A traumatic break in a long bone that involves the epiphyseal plate.


Lumbar vertebral fracture L2

A traumatic break in the second lumbar spinal vertebra.


Upper Extremity Fracture

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in the arm,  forearm, or hand.


Fracture of Humerus Related to Birth

A broken humerus sustained during the birthing process.


Fracture of phalanx of finger

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in one of the digits of the hand.


Open fracture of neck of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in the area of the metacarpal bone located between the diaphysis and the distal metaphysis that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed Colles' fracture

An extra-articular traumatic break in the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Spine Related to Birth

A broken vertebra sustained during the birthing process.


Fracture of Radius Related to Birth

A broken radius sustained during the birthing process.


Colles' Fracture

An extra-articular traumatic break in the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment.


Fracture of wrist

Traumatic injury to the wrist joint in which the continuity of a wrist bone is broken. Symptoms include wrist pain, swelling, and deformity of wrist.


Open fracture of pelvis

A traumatic break in one or more of the bones comprising the bony structure of the pelvis that involves a break in the adjacent skin..


Fracture of Skull Related to Birth

An injury sustained during the birthing process in which the continuity is broken in the skull.


Limb fracture

A traumatic break in one or more bones in a limb.


Open fracture of metacarpal bone

A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Nose Related to Birth

A broken nasal bone sustained during the birthing process.


back nerve

A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of trunk region

A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk).


thoracic cavity nerve

A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


chest nerve

A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of thoracic segment

A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


Parotid Gland Lymphangioma

A lymphangioma arising from the parotid gland.


dichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.


A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of econazole.


(S)-butoconazole

The (S)-enantiomer of butoconazole.


(S)-Tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of tioconazole.