NADP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine/threonine (consensus YSPTSPS) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


vertebral artery

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The first branch of the left and right subclavian arteries that merge to form the single midline basilar artery; branches of the vertebral arteries supply the musculature of the neck.


negative regulation of heart contraction

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Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in regulation of contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction.


structural molecule activity conferring elasticity

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell, providing elasticity and recoiling.


protein localization to vacuole

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.


semicircular canal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized.


positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.


sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals mediated by a sphingolipid.


zona pellucida receptor complex

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A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.


Hypersensation skin

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


CAF-1 complex

A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48.


cellular response to salt

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


interleukin-1 production

The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


regulation of nucleotide-excision repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleotide-excision repair.


regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


Mullerian duct regression

The process in which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos.


galanin receptor activity

Combining with galanin to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


optic cup formation involved in camera-type eye development

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic cup, a two-walled vesicle formed from the optic vesicle.


nucleotide-excision repair complex

Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.


endothelial microparticle

A blood microparticle that is derived from, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of, an endothelial cell.


stereocilia ankle link

A stereocilia coupling link that is composed of a fine filament present in developing stereocilia that couples the bases of individual stereocilia to one another. They are not present in mature stereocilia.


positive regulation of triglyceride lipase activity

Any process that increases the activity of triglyceride lipase.


Megestrol acetate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of megestrol with the carboxy group of acetic acid. It is an appetite stimulant used for the treatment of anorexia and cachexia. Also used for birth control and for the treatment of breast cancer.


L-serine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


nuclear glucocorticoid receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear glucocorticoid receptor.


negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis.


neurofilament cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins.


Vascular Headaches

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Headache caused by abnormal functioning of the vascular system.


equatorial microtubule organizing center

A microtubule organizing center formed by a band of gamma-tubulin that is recruited to a circumferential band of F-actin at the midpoint of a cell and which nucleates microtubules from the cell division site at the end of mitosis.


Pericardial Rub

An auscultated finding describing high or medium pitched and scratchy sound, generated by inflammation of the pericardial sac. (ACC/AHA)


polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.


hypersomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness.


regulation of lymphocyte anergy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.


nuclear proteasome complex

A proteasome found in the nucleus of a cell.


isopentenyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.


GDP-L-fucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vitamin D3 + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcidiol + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


coronary vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels of the heart are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex

A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.


status epilepticus

A life-threatening situation in which the brain is in a continuous state of seizure.


mannose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.


Prolonged partial thromboplastin time

Increased time to coagulation in the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test, a measure of the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways. Phospholipid, and activator, and calcium are mixed into an anticoagulated plasma sample, and the time is measured until a thrombus forms.


corneal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the cornea. Representative examples include keratitis, bullous keratopathy, and squamous cell carcinoma.


MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class I protein complex to initiate a change in cellular activity. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


eye pigment metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


negative regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.


neuroblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aromatic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Aromatic amino acids have an aromatic ring.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


histone H3-K9 deacetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.


protein digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


host cell cytoplasm part

Any constituent part of the host cell cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


prenylcysteine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2.


nitric oxide dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 NO + 2 O2 + NADPH + H+ = 2 nitrate + NADP+.


hexitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


interleukin-4 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-4 receptor.


regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin

The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.


regulation of platelet activation

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


glucose import

The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


bruxism

Excessive clenching of the jaw and grinding of the teeth.


Poly-L-lysine (n > 40) in which 50-70% of the epsilon-amino groups are substituted with benzylpenicilloyl groups. It is used as a skin-testing reagent to detect immunoglobulin E antibodies in people with a history of penicillin allergy.


protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).


prostate gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized.


peptidoglycan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


cranial ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lysosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule.


dipeptidyl-peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors that modulates the establishment of planar polarity contributing to neural tube closure.


CD4 receptor binding

Binding to a CD4, a receptor found on the surface of T cells, monocytes and macrophages.


Formestane

A 17-oxo steroid that is androst-4-ene-3,17-dione in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group. Formestane was the first selective, type I steroidal aromatase inhibitor, suppressing oestrogen production from anabolic steroids or prohormones. It was formerly used in the treatment of oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in post-meopausal women. As it has poor oral bioavailability, it had to be administered by (fortnightly) intramuscular injection. It fell out of use with the subsequent development of cheaper, orally active aromatase inhibitors. Formestane is listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency as a substance prohibited from use by athletes.


positive regulation of histone deacetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.


positive regulation of protein polyubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.


ketone body metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body.


wound healing involved in inflammatory response

The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response.


RISC complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.


Ketoacidosis

Acidosis resulting from accumulation of ketone bodies.


axonal growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.


Conjunctival icterus

Conjunctival icterus is a condition where there is yellowing of the whites of the eyes. This is most commonly seen in patients who have liver disease.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of single fertilization. In sperm with flagella, binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.


natural killer cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.


pancreatic A cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


dipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide.


sphingolipid binding

Binding to a sphingolipid, a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


muscle cell projection membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a muscle cell projection.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


pars planitis

An inflammatory disorder of the cilliary body in the uvea that affects healthy, younger individuals who are often asymptomatic. It has a long clinical course with relapses and remissions. Symptoms include mildly decreased vision and floaters. It may be associated with autoimmune disorders.


positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.


regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


meiotic metaphase I homologous chromosome alignment

A cell cycle process whereby homlogous chromosomes are positioned in a specific order and orientation at the metaphase plate (spindle equator) by the spindle machinery and centromere/kinetochore arrangement during meiosis I chromosome segregation. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.


mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway

The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein that occurs as part of glycoprotein ER-associated glycoprotein degradation (gpERAD).


ciliary transition zone

A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition and separates the cytosol from the ciliary plasm.


mRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.


Dysphasia

Impairment of verbal communication skills, often resulting from brain damage.


protein localization to plasma membrane raft

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft.


negative regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


myoblast migration

The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement

The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of epithelial cells. Depending on the type of cell, there may be one or many cilia per cell. This movement is usually coordinated between many epithelial cells, and serves to move extracellular fluid.


telomere maintenance via telomerase

The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


regulation of interleukin-23 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


Kyphosis

Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.


interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development.


S-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


nuclear membrane reassembly

The reformation of the nuclear membranes following their breakdown in the context of a normal process.


protein localization to paranode region of axon

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the paranode region of an axon.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + phosphatidyl-L-serine = CO2 + phosphatidylethanolamine.


protein kinase B binding

Binding to protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.


Diaper Rash

An inflammatory skin condition in the diaper area that may be caused by irritation or infection.


interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity

Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to the interleukin-1 receptor complex.


aspartic-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


cellular hyperosmotic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.


metanephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation

The process of directed cell movement in the neural plate resulting in tissue elongation via intercalation of adjacent cells in an epithelial sheet at the midline, leading to narrowing and lengthening of the neural plate.


Atrioventricular junctional rhythm

An electrocardiographic finding of a rhythm which originates in the AV junction and results in a normal heart rate. It is characterized by retrograde P waves which may be obscured by or may follow the QRS complexes. The QRS complexes may be narrow or may demonstrate aberration. (CDISC)


cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


color vision disorder

The absence of or defect in the perception of colors.


zona fasciculata of adrenal gland

The wide middle zone of the adrenal cortex that produces cortisol (hydrocortisone).


heme catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.


nuclear ncRNA surveillance

The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant ncRNAs within the nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R.


angiogenin-PRI complex

A stable heterodimer of angiogenin and placental ribonuclease inhibitor; interaction between angiogenin and PRI prevents angiogenin binding to its receptor to stimulate angiogenesis.


molybdenum ion binding

Binding to a molybdenum ion (Mo).


intestinal volvulus

Twisting of a loop of bowel that results in intestinal obstruction.


urinary bladder disorder

A disease involving the urinary bladder.


oxalate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxalate from one side of a membrane to the other. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.


microglial cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


serous membrane

Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II

Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.


regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide molecule.


NuRD complex

An approximately 2 MDa multi-subunit complex that exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity in addition to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and has been shown to establish transcriptional repression of a number of target genes in vertebrates, invertebrates and fungi. Amongst its subunits, the NuRD complex contains histone deacetylases, histone binding proteins and Mi-2-like proteins.


sperm mitochondrion organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm.


mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress

The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for the organism; in particular, a process that enables an organism withstand exposure to temperatures that would otherwise lethally impair poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export.


ureter development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.


Anoxia

Absence or reduction of oxygen in body tissue.


negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.


xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose 5-phosphate, a derivative of the ketopentose xylulose phosphorylated at the 5 carbon; it is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.


negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.


ptosis

The drooping of the upper eyelid.


P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).


Nipple Discharge

The flow of fluid from the nipple of the breast.


axon extension

Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.


mannokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate.


Decreased systolic blood pressure

Abnormal decrease in systolic blood pressure.


negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


inhibin A complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.


regulation of protein kinase C activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


actin filament depolymerization

Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.


regulation of icosanoid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.


positive regulation of collateral sprouting

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


succinyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A.


ubiquitin activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate.


protein adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to L-serine, L-threonine, and L-tyrosine residues in target proteins.


organ or tissue specific immune response

An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.


myelin maintenance

The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.


RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex

A RNA methyltransferase complex that catalyzes the post-transcriptional methylation of adenosine to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In budding yeast, the MIS complex consists of Mum2p, Ime4p and Slz1p. In vertebrates, the complex consists of METTL3, METTL14 and associated components WTAP, ZC3H13, VIRMA, CBLL1/HAKAI and in some cases of RBM15 (RBM15 or RBM15B).


Oxaliplatin

A platinum coordination entity that is a commonly used chemothrepeutic drug for treatment of colorectal cancer.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3.


lumbosacral nerve plexus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine that travels to the pelvic appendage where it innervates skin and muscle.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity

Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


Cyclothiazide

3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.


Hypoglycemic coma

Coma induced by low blood sugar.


response to ozone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


Pitting Edema

Swelling due to excessive accumulation of fluid under the skin defined by a persistent indentation when pressure is applied to the swollen area.  Causes include systemic conditions (e.g., heart failure, liver failure, or kidney failure) and local conditions affecting the extremities.


negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHOH-R' + NADP+ = R-CO-R' + NADPH + H+.


Milia

Presence of multiple small cysts containing keratin (skin protein) and presenting as tiny pearly-white bumps just under the surface of the skin.


spermatocele

A benign testicular cyst that is located in the epididymis, and which contains serous fluid, lymphocytes, spermatozoa, and debris.


positive regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.


Post procedural hemorrhage

Bleeding occurring after a medical intervention.


non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine + phosphate.


ocular hypertension

Abnormally high intraocular pressure.


protein phosphatase type 1 complex

A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.


pre-snoRNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a precursor small nucleolar RNA (pre-snoRNA) and associated proteins, and forms during small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex (snoRNP) assembly. Pre-snoRNP complexes may contain proteins not found in the corresponding mature snoRNP complexes.


calcinosis

Deposition of calcium in the tissues. It may be the result of a metabolic disorder or long-standing infection, or it may be associated with the presence of cancer.


PML body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).


release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of calcium ion from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.


regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.


mRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an mRNA molecule.


Familial hypercholesterolemia - heterozygous


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


AP-1 adaptor complex

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).


amino acid:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).


eosinophil degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil.


MIT domain binding

Binding to a MIT protein domain. The MIT domain is found in vacuolar sorting proteins, spastin (probable ATPase involved in the assembly or function of nuclear protein complexes), and a sorting nexin, which may play a role in intracellular trafficking.


NAD+ binding

Binding to the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication

The process that mediates interactions between a bundle of His cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the bundle of His cell communicating with a Purkinje myocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.


positive regulation of female gonad development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


kidney interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblast of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


positive regulation of mast cell degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.


sarcoglycan complex

A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.


regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.


metanephric tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.


Tioconazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.


musculoskeletal system

Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems.


Physiologic warmth

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


Guanethidine

A member of the class of  guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.


Thin skin

Reduction in thickness of the skin, generally associated with a loss of suppleness and elasticity of the skin.


succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol.


establishment of viral latency

A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host, either as an integrated provirus within the host genome or as an episome, where viral genome remains in the cytoplasm or nucleus as distinct objects.


Hemorrhage of colon

Bleeding originating from the colon.


biotin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


Fracture of distal end of radius and ulna


rhythmic synaptic transmission

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification

Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule.


septin cytoskeleton

The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of septins and associated proteins. Includes septin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


female germ cell nucleus

The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females.


oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocytes belong to a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, where they form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.


cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.


troponin C binding

Binding to troponin C, the calcium-binding subunit of the troponin complex.


positive regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.


kinetochore binding

Binding to a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.


negative regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.


succinate transport

The directed movement of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


inorganic cation import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of inorganic cations from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


cellular response to UV-B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


Ragulator complex

A vacuolar membrane-anchored guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex for the Rag GTPases (Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex GO:1990131) in TORC1 signaling pathway. In human, Ragulator is comprised of the membrane anchor subunit LAMTOR1 (Meh1p in S. cerevisiae, Lam1 in S. pombe), a GEF subunit LAMTOR2 ( Slm4 in S. cerevisiae , Lam2 in S. pombe ) , LAMTOR3 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam3 in S. pombe) , LAMTOR4 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam4 in S. pombe), and LAMTOR5 (no S. cerevisiae or S. pombe ortholog identified).


Butenafine

Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.


endothelin B receptor binding

Binding to an endothelin B receptor.


positive regulation of cell maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.


EMC complex

A transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in the insertion of newly synthesized proteins in the membrane of the ER. In S. cerevisiae, it has six members: EMC1, EMC2, AIM27, EMC4, KRE27, and EMC6.


MINOXIDIL

A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.


antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


ectodermal placode development

The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


bubble DNA binding

Binding to DNA segment that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA.


endosome to pigment granule transport

The directed movement of substances from endosomes to pigment granules.


kynurenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine.


positive regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.


cell envelope organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.


Fanconi renotubular syndrome

A genetic or acquired disorder characterized by impairment of the function of the proximal tubules of the kidney. It results in decreased reabsorption of electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients.


serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H+ + palmitoyl-CoA = 3-dehydrosphinganine + CO2 + CoA.


mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureteric bud, that contributes to ureteric bud development.


myosin tail binding

Binding to the tail region of a myosin heavy chain.


hepatocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.


endometritis

An acute or chronic, usually bacterial infectious process affecting the endometrium. It may extend to the myometrium and parametrial tissues. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding.


negative regulation of type 2 immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


normocytic anemia

Anemia in which the red blood cell volume is normal.


somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of T cell receptor genes.


water intoxication

A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.


structural constituent of bone

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of bone.


positive regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RIG-I signaling pathway.


NLRP1 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of two components, NLRP1 (NALP1) and caspase-1 or caspase-5. The exact mechanisms of NLRP1 activation remain obscure, but potassium ion efflux appears to be essential.


methotrexate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


deafness, unilateral

A unilateral absence of sensory perception of sound.


determination of dorsal identity

Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


phospholipase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the binding of the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to a death receptor on the cell surface.


baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

The increase in nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of increased pressure on an artery that results in an inhibition of sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.


post-translational protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs after their translation. Some secretory proteins exhibit posttranslational transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen: they are synthesized in their entirety on free cytosolic ribosomes and then released into the cytosol, where they are bound by chaperones which keep them in an unfolded state, and subsequently are translocated across the ER membrane.


vesicle coat

A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.


metanephric renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the metanephros.


immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of inhibiting an immune response.


negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


otosalpingitis

An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the pharyngotympanic tube.


essential hypertension

Hypertension that presents without an identifiable cause.


integrin alphav-beta5 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta5 subunit.


Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


Abdominal obesity

Excessive fat around the stomach and abdomen.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


paronychia

An acute or chronic infection of the soft tissues around the nail. Symptoms include pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling around the nail. Acute infection results from minor trauma to the fingertip and Staphylococcus aureus is usually the causative agent. Chronic infection is usually caused by Candida albicans.


piP-body

A P granule that contains the PIWIL4-TDRD9 module, a set of proteins that act in the secondary piRNA pathway.


regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.


mitral valve development

The progression of the mitral valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


thyroid gland disorder

A disease involving the thyroid gland.


chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes.


negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition

A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


negative regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


osteomyelitis

An acute or chronic inflammation of the bone and its structures due to infection with pyogenic bacteria.


behavioral response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.


CTP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UTP + glutamine + H20= ADP + phosphate + CTP + glutamate.


arteriosclerotic retinopathy

A arteriosclerosis disorder that involves the retina.


pre-B cell allelic exclusion

Expression of a single heavy chain allele during pre-B cell differentiation.


positive regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.


regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.


ventricular septal defect

The presence of a defect (opening) in the septum that separates the two ventricles of the heart. It can be congenital or acquired.


trigeminal sensory nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal sensory nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


GABA receptor activity

Combining with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA mediated by RNA polymerase I.


azole transmembrane transport

The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, across a lipid bilayer, across a membrane.


negative regulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity

The process in which a host organism decreases viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


regulation of aldosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


galactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


telomeric loop formation

The process in which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region.


regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


serotonin secretion by platelet

The regulated release of serotonin by a platelet or group of platelets.


positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


Systolic Hypertension

Abnormally high systolic blood pressure.


SREBP signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription.


positive regulation of histone deacetylase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone deacetylase activity.


regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.


Tooth Discoloration

A change in tooth color. Causes may be local or systemic and include tobacco use, foods, dental plaques, caries, restorative filling materials, trauma, medications, infections, hereditary diseases, and nutritional deficiencies.


negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response.


Cognitive impairment

Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.


negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


commissural neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor binding

Binding to brain-derived neurotrophic factor.


actin crosslink formation

The process in which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes.


late endosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a late endosome.


microtubule plus-end binding

Binding to the plus end of a microtubule.


cytoplasmic translational initiation

The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


Sustained ventricular tachycardia

An electrocardiographic finding of ventricular tachycardia greater than 30 seconds in duration.


C4-dicarboxylate transport

The directed movement of a C4-dicarboxylate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A C4-dicarboxylate is the anion of a dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.


positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis in the salivary gland epithelium.


regulation of exocyst localization

Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


regulation of cellular extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.


aortic valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized.


flavonol 3-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3-sulfate.


negative regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


regulation of cilium movement

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in liver morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver.


sequestering of neurotransmitter

The process of binding or confining a neurotransmitter such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


stress granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.


fovea centralis

A depression in the inner retinal surface within the macula lutea, the photoreceptor layer of which is entirely cones and which is specialized for maximum visual acuity.


regulation of isomerase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


maternal behavior

Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.


regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.


intraciliary transport particle A

The smaller subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights of 710-760 kDa.


extrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


establishment of T cell polarity

The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell.


regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4) linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.


skeletal muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


central nervous system vasculogenesis

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier.


aspartate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


metanephric glomerulus vasculature development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.


Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.


RISC-loading complex

A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.


cycloplegia

Cycloplegia is paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation.


IgE responsiveness, atopic

Immediate hypersensitivity reaction - type I reaction, involves immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. Th2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-13, which then act on B cells to promote the production of antigen-specific IgE. Reexposure to the antigen can then result in the antigen binding to and cross-linking the bound IgE antibodies on the mast cells and basophils. This causes the release of preformed mediators (histamine, tryptase, tryptase, chemotactic factors), newly synthesized mediators (leukotrienes, prostaglandin, thromboxane, platelet-activating factor, adenosine, bradykinin), and cytokines from these cells that results in structural and functional changes to the affected tissue.


DNA secondary structure binding

Binding to a DNA secondary structure element such as a four-way junction, a bubble, a loop, Y-form DNA, or a double-strand/single-strand junction.


thyroiditis

Inflammation of the thyroid gland. This category includes Hashimoto thyroiditis, Riedel thyroiditis, acute thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, and radiation-induced thyroiditis.


pathologic fistula

Abnormal epithelial-lined communication between two anatomical structures.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


beta-catenin-TCF complex

A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and a member of the T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) family of transcription factors.


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation.


cholestenol delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = 5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.


tryptophan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a medium-chain trans-(2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A medium chain fatty acid is any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.


growth hormone secretion

The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood.


Nerve palsy

Paralysis that is caused by damage to a nerve.


vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


heat acclimation

Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures.


negative regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.


positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex

The protein-ribosome-tRNA complex that has just recognized the start codon of a capped mRNA. It is composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eukaryote initiation factors (eIF) eIF3 complex, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2-GDP, eIF4 complex and initiatior-methionine-tRNA. Recognition of the start codon triggers downstream steps in the pathway, including eIF1 dissociation; Pi release from eIF2; and conversion to the closed, scanning-arrested conformation of the PIC.


positive regulation of mesonephros development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


excitatory synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.


Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a polyclonal (benign) or clonal (malignant) proliferation of lymphoid cells that develops as a consequence of immunosuppression in a recipient of a solid organ or bone marrow allograft. PTLDs comprise a spectrum ranging from early, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven polyclonal lymphoid proliferations to EBV-positive or EBV- negative lymphomas of predominantly B-cell or less often T-cell type. (WHO, 2001)


regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex

The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.


acylphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl phosphate + H2O = a carboxylate + phosphate.


peritonsillar abscess

An abscess that develops in the space surrounding one or both palatine tonsils.


endocytic recycling

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the plasma membrane, a trafficking pathway that promotes the recycling of internalized transmembrane proteins.


cytosolic ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional cytosolic ribosome. Distinct stages of this process take place first in the nucleolus, then in the nucleus and finally in the cytosol.


A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.


common fibular nerve

A nerve arising at the terminal division of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa and extending to the neck of the fibula, ultimately innervating the Peroneus muscle[MP].


odontoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of neural crest origin acquires the specialized features of an odontoblast, a cell on the outer surface of the dental pulp whose biological function is the creation of dentin.


regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


Uterine rupture

The complete, nonsurgical disruption of all layers of the uterus.


renal papilla

Tip of renal pyramid projecting into a minor calyx.


neuron fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


intestinal disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the small or large intestine.


disorder of pilosebaceous unit

A disease that involves the pilosebaceous unit.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.


regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


protein-glutamic acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to a specific residue on a target protein.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


strand invasion

The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.


opsonization

The process in which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody.


natural killer cell degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.


regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


tetrahydrobiopterin binding

Binding to a tetrahydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin or a derivative thereof; tetrahydrobiopterins are enzyme cofactors that carry electrons in redox reactions.


positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.


diterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


Perceptual disturbance

A misperception of sensory stimuli.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.


polycystic kidney disease

A usually autosomal dominant and less frequently autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the presence of numerous cysts in the kidneys leading to end-stage renal failure. The autosomal dominant trait is associated with abnormalities on the short arm of chromosome 16. Symptoms in patients with the autosomal dominant trait usually appear at middle age and include abdominal pain, hematuria, and high blood pressure. Patients may develop brain aneurysms and liver cysts. Patients with the autosomal recessive trait present with progressive renal failure early in life and symptoms resulting from hepatic fibrosis. The autosomal recessive trait is associated with abnormalities of chromosome 6. Polycystic kidney disease may also result as a side effect in patients on renal dialysis.


regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.


platelet dense granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule.


postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis

Inflammation of the vagina due to thinning of the vaginal wall and decreased lubrication associated with reduced estrogen levels at menopause.


connexin complex

An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.


nucleoside salvage

Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle

A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.


negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


receptor localization to synapse

Any process in which a receptor is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.


proteasome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.


positive regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.


branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.


adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate transmembrane transport

The process in which adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is transported across a membrane.


norepinephrine transport

The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.


regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.


xenobiotic transport

The directed movement of a xenobiotic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Acute kidney injury associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.


regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


induction by symbiont of host defense response

The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Decreased Drug Level

A reduction in the expected therapeutic effect of a drug due to increased clearance.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


ATP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ADP + H+.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate.


desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway after prolonged stimulation with an agonist of the pathway.


bradykinin receptor binding

Binding to a bradykinin receptor.


regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


positive regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


ESCRT II complex

An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.


muscle myosin complex

A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.


response to leucine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


lens fiber cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a lens fiber cell. Lens fiber cells are elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


peptidoglycan immune receptor activity

Combining with a peptidoglycan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter.


Pill-rolling tremor

A type of resting tremor characterized by simultaneous rubbing movements of thumb and index fingers against each other.


hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxymethyl- or formyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


Thromboembolic stroke

A cerebrovascular accident (stroke) that occurs because of thromboembolism.


gamma-aminobutyric acid transport

The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along the plane of an excitable membrane. Action potentials typically propagate once triggered because the depolarization of adjacent membrane regions due to an action potential crosses the firing threshold.


Chemical conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva in a newborn due to chemical irritation which was acquired postnatally from iatrogenic causes.


cranial suture morphogenesis

The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized.


negative regulation of urine volume

Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


Cinalukast

2,2-Diethylsuccinanilic acid substituted at a meta- position by an (E)-2-(4-cyclobutyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethenyl group. It selectively antagonizes leukotriene D4 at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, in the human airway, preventing airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and enhanced secretion of thick, viscous mucus. It is used in the treatment of asthma.


L-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


chitin binding

Binding to chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


calcium-dependent protein kinase activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex

Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA.


positive regulation of humoral immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.


negative regulation of humoral immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II complex

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).


T-tubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.


smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex

Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the mitochondrion, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.


Hemorrhagic complication of pregnancy

Bleeding occurring during pregnancy.


interleukin-20 binding

Binding to interleukin-20.


Artemether

An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


Hyposmia

A decreased sensitivity to odorants (that is, a decreased ability to perceive odors).


Joint Range of Motion Decreased

Decreased joint flexibility.


microtubule nucleation

The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).


regulation of antibacterial peptide production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.


MHC protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC protein complex.


cervical vertebra

A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column.


pericardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.


renal artery

One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates.


positive regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.


Abnormality of skin pigmentation

An abnormality of the pigmentation of the skin.


maintenance of organelle location

Any process in which an organelle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


proline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


chondroitin sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.


subclavian vein

The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body. Their diameter is approximately that of the smallest finger.


positive regulation of receptor catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.