Metastatic glioma

Glioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Poor Prognosis Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

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Metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumor in which risk factors are present.


Hodgkin Lymphoma During Pregnancy

Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs during pregnancy.


Vaginal Adenocarcinoma of Skene Gland Origin

A rare vaginal adenocarcinoma arising from the Skene gland. It is characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features similar to prostate adenocarcinoma.


Thoracic meningomyelocele

A congenital abnormality in the thoracic region of the spine, in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


Adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage IV

Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (Any T, N1, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (Any T, Any N, M1, Any PSA, Any Gleason). cT4: Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  pT4: Invasion of rectum, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Central Nervous System Hamartoma

A hamartoma that occurs in the central nervous system.


Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm

A malignant solid neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Dermatitis caused by substance taken internally

Dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction to an unspecified ingested substance.


Advanced Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Necrotic tumor

A neoplasm characterized by focal or diffuse tumor cell necrosis.


Dialysis Catheter Obstruction

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Blockage of a dialysis catheter by a thrombus or other substance.


Cutaneous Erdheim-Chester Disease

Erdheim-Chester disease that affects the skin.


Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T3c, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0).  T3c: Peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and more than 2 cm in diameter.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Congenital Varicella Zoster Infection

An infection, characterized by the rash of chickenpox or shingles, that is caused by the varicella-zoster virus transmitted directly from the mother to the fetus or neonate during late pregnancy or childbirth.


Plasmacytic Hyperplasia Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

An early post-transplant lymphoproliferative lesion characterized by plasmacytic proliferation and architectural preservation of the involved tissues.  It often regresses either spontaneously or after reduction in immunosuppression.  The immunoglobulin genes are not rearranged.  In some cases, a polymorphic or monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder may follow this early lesion.


Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage II

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Retroperitoneal abscess

An abscess that is located in the abdominal cavity posterior to the peritoneum.


Confusion, Post-Ictal

A period of confusion following a seizure in which the patient does not respond appropriately despite appearing awake.


Unresectable Transitional Cell Carcinoma

A transitional cell carcinoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Congenital Intrahepatic Biliary Atresia

A congenital disorder characterized by blockage or absence of the intrahepatic bile ducts.


Recurrent Cytomegalovirus Infection

A cytomegalovirus infection that has recurred after a period of remission.


Unresectable Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Reactive Epithelial Hyperplasia of the Ciliary Body

An increase in cell number and volume of the ciliary epithelium, usually in response to injury. (WHO 2018)


Lacrimal Drainage System Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct.


Refractory Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

An epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that does not respond to treatment.


No Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

No evidence of any retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) in the heart. (ACC)


Lacrimal Drainage System Inverted Papilloma

A benign neoplasm of the lacrimal drainage system characterized by an inverted/endophytic or mixed growth pattern. It is the most common epithelial neoplasm of the lacrimal drainage system. (WHO 2018)


A hepatocellular adenoma caused by activating mutations of beta-catenin.  It is characterized by the presence of nuclear atypia and absence of inflammation or steatosis.  There is an increased risk of malignant transformation.


Ancylostomiasis due to Ancylostoma duodenale

Ancylostomiasis that is caused by infection by Ancylostoma Duodenale.


Stage IV Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with RAM Immunophenotype

A high risk pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with an extremely poor prognosis. The blasts show bright CD56 expression, dim-to-negative expression of CD45 and CD38, and lack of HLA-DR expression. This immunophenotype was named after one of the pediatric patient's initials (RAM), from Children's Oncology Group (COG) clinical trial AAML0531.


Vaginal Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the vagina with histologic features resembling the endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.


Late Disseminated Lyme Disease

A late stage of Lyme disease that may present in untreated patients months to years after a tick bite manifested with intermittent bouts of arthralgia, arthritis and neurologic complaints.


Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma in which information on the p16 immunohistochemistry or HPV testing status is not available.


Chest Pain in Left Third Intercostal Space

The location of the chest pain is within the third intercostal space on the left side.


Stage IIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T2c, N0, M0, Any PSA, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, PSA equal or more than 20, Any Gleason); (T1-2, N0, M0, Any PSA, Gleason equal or more than 8).  T2c: Tumor involves both lobes.  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less.  T2b: Tumor involves more than one-half of one lobe, but not both lobes.  cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason equal or more than 8: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Dialysis Catheter Infection

A local or systemic infection associated with the use of a dialysis catheter.


Recurrent Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

The reemergence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Vaginal Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the vagina. Representative examples include vaginal infection and vaginal fibroepithelial polyp.


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage II

Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma

A very rare benign lesion that arises from the sinonasal tract. It usually affects infants and children. It presents as a polypoid mass and is composed of cartilage, myxoid stroma, and other mesenchymal elements.


Puerperal endometritis

Infection of the endometrium, decidua and/or myometrium occurring at any time between birth and 42 days postpartum.


Superficial spreading adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma which has spread within the mucosa without further invasion of the underlying tissues.


Stage IV Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Biliary Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the biliary epithelium.  It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


Large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8 associated multicentric Castleman disease

An aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurring in patients with HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease. It is characterized by the presence of human herpesvirus 8-infected large B-lymphocytes that resemble plasmablasts. It is usually seen in patients with HIV infection.


Cyst of tonsil

A cystic structure in the tonsillar tissue.


Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage II


Recurrent Anaplastic Ganglioglioma

The reemergence of anaplastic ganglioglioma after a period of remission.


Adrenoleukodystrophy, Neonatal

A rare metabolic disorder that affects neonates. It is characterized by damage of the white matter in the brain and degeneration of the adrenal glands. It manifests with hyperactivity, paralysis, muscular weakness, crossed eyes, hearing loss, seizures, and coma.


Inguinal Mass

An abnormal growth in the groin.


Pancreatic Intraductal Tubulopapillary Neoplasm

An epithelial neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas characterized by the formation of tubular structures, high grade dysplasia, and ductal differentiation. Grossly, it is characterized by the presence of intraductal nodular masses. Morphologically, there are nodules of tubular glands and occasional papillary structures growing in dilated ducts.  There is no significant mucin production. Signs and symptoms include epigastric pain, weight loss, vomiting, steatorrhea, and diabetes mellitus.


Cancer that is not dependent upon the presence of estrogen for metastasis or growth. 2005


Maternal Obesity

Obesity in a female who has a child.


Atrophy of vagina

A condition characterized by the absence of squamous maturation in the vaginal epithelium. It is associated with decreased estrogen production.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, Any N, M0. T3a: Tumor involving the lower third of vagina but not extending to pelvic wall. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma measuring more than 5 mm in depth and more than 4 cm in maximum diameter. (FIGO 2009)


Anal Mucositis

An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the anus.


Stage I Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Pheochromocytoma measuring less than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Recurrent Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma after a period of remission.


Prolonged grief disorder

A psychiatric disorder characterized by the personal experience of intense and prolonged yearning for, or preoccupation with the circumstances surrounding, a loss that leads to significant impairment in social or occupational functioning. Associated symptoms may include: identity disruption, disbelief, avoidance of reminders, difficulty moving on, emotional pain or numbness, feeling that life is meaningless, and loneliness.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Sternal Injury

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain secondary to trauma to the sternum. (ACC/AHA)


Stage IV Skin Melanoma

A melanoma that arises from the skin and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Moderate-Severe Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

The reemergence of moderate-severe chronic graft versus host disease after a period of remission.


Decreased Peak Drug Blood Concentration

Decreased maximum (peak) concentration of a drug observed after its administration.


Locally Advanced Bone Sarcoma

Bone sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Factor X Inactivation

Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor X in the blood.


Megaureter

Enlargement of the diameter of the ureter, which can be partial or complete.


Refractory Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Precordial Catch Syndrome

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain characterized by brief, sharp discomfort associated with inspiration. (ACC/AHA)


Seminoma, anaplastic

A seminoma of the testis characterized by increased cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic activity, and a non-prominent stromal lymphocytic infiltrate.


NK-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

A precursor lymphoid neoplasm that expresses CD56 and immature T-cell markers, lacks B-lymphoid and myeloid markers, and has immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in the germline configuration.


Cervical Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Borderline Ovarian Serous Surface Papillary Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations that contain atypical serous epithelial cells in the outer surface of the ovary.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Classical Low Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma

A low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that may have poorly formed collagen rosettes, but lacks prominent, well formed collagen rosettes.


Male Non-Neoplastic Reproductive System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the male reproductive system. Representative examples include prostatitis, balanitis, and phimosis.


Localized Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

A bladder urothelial carcinoma that has focally invaded into the bladder muscularis propria.


Antepartum Obstetric Thromboembolism

Presence of a blood clot in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the antepartum period.


Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2


Good Prognosis Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumor in which risk factors are absent.


Urothelial carcinoma urethra recurrent

The reemergence of transitional cell carcinoma in the urethra after a period of remission.


Satellite Nodule

Additional, separate neoplastic nodules surrounding a central neoplastic lesion.


Stage 0 Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

Stage 0 includes: pTis, N0, M0, S0. pTis: Testicular cancer with a finding of germ cell neoplasia in situ. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cervical meningomyelocele

A congenital abnormality in the cervical region of the spine in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


Refractory Monomorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

A monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that does not respond to treatment.


Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain Ratio Abnormal

A laboratory test result indicating an abnormal kappa to lambda ratio of immunoglobulin free light chains in the serum.


Stage IIA Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor extends beyond the pancreas but without involvement of the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage III Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T0-2, N1, M0); IIIB: (T3, N1, M0); (T0-3, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Hepatobiliary Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis.


Locally Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G2 that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Induced cataract

A cataract that has been produced artificially or by induction, e.g. as a result of device use, medication, trauma, tears, falls, accidental injury, etc.


Stage IA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor confined to the vulva and perineum, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, and with stromal invasion no greater than 1 mm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

The reemergence of digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 after a period of remission.


Clinical Stage IIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A rare, well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent. The majority of cases have a polypoid appearance, are small lesions, and found incidentally.


Thoracic Injuries

Trauma to the chest.


Transcription Factor-Associated Monogenic Diabetes

Monogenic diabetes caused by inactivating mutation(s) in transcription factors regulating expression of pancreatic beta cell genes.


Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of nuclear intraepithelial neoplastic changes in the lower two-thirds of the epithelium and parakeratosis.


Anemia due to Increased Destruction

Anemia that results from an increased rate of erythrocyte destruction.


Acute pericarditis

Acute inflammation of the pericardium.


Skin squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

The reemergence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma

The reemergence of pilomyxoid astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

Cervical carcinoma with rectal or bladder involvement. (FIGO 2009)


Human Papillomavirus-Related Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant neoplasm associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


Metaplastic carcinoma

A general term used to describe carcinomas arising from epithelial cells that have been transformed into another cells type (metaplastic epithelial cells). A representative example is the adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett esophagus. This term is also used to describe carcinomas in which the malignant epithelial cells show differentiation towards another cell type. A representative example of the latter is the metaplastic breast carcinoma in which the malignant glandular cells show squamous, spindle cell, or chondroid/osseous differentiation.


Foveolar-Type Adenoma

A rare neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach.  It is characterized by the presence of foveolar-type epithelium.  It may be seen in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.


Avascular joint necrosis

Death of bone tissue in a joint due to temporary or permanent interruption of blood flow.


Endogenous Infection

An infection caused by an infectious agent that is present on or in the host prior to the start of the infection.


Unresectable Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Classic Type Trichilemmoma

A benign epithelial tumor arising from the outer root sheath of hair follicles.


Small Cell Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma composed of small malignant cells.


Non-Congenital Amegakaryocytosis

An acquired non-neoplastic disorder characterized by marked reduction or absence of megakaryocytes and thrombocytopenia.


Imperforate Vagina

A congenital birth defect characterized by the absence of a normal vaginal opening.


Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: IIIC1 (T1-T3, N1, M0); IIIC2 (T1-T3, N2, M0). T1: Tumor confined to corpus uteri.  T2: Tumor invades stromal connective tissue of the cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  Endocervical glandular involvement only should be considered as Stage I and not as Stage II. T3: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa, vagina, or parametrial tissue. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes. N2: Regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Puncture wound

Disruption of tissue caused by a pointed object.


Central Nervous System Erdheim-Chester Disease

Rare involvement of the central nervous system by Erdheim-Chester disease.


Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Stage I Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Malignant Vipoma

An aggressive neuroendocrine tumor located in the pancreas or small intestine. It is composed of cells containing vasoactive intestinal peptide.  It is associated with watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria. It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Squamoid Eccrine Ductal Carcinoma

A variant of ductal eccrine carcinoma with squamoid metaplasia.


Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma RTK1

An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase type 1 (RTK1) alterations.


Stage IVA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: (T1/T2, N3, M0); (T3, Any N, M0).  T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  T3: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/proximal 2/3 urethra, upper/proximal 2/3 vagina, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone.  N3: Vulvar cancer with fixed or ulcerated regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Refractory Primary Myelofibrosis

Primary myelofibrosis that is resistant to treatment.


Congenital absence of uterus

A congenital abnormality characterized by the complete absence of the uterus.


Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell-Hemoglobin C Disease

Sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease exacerbated by sudden pain caused by sickled erythrocytes impeding blood flow within a vessel.


Refractory Digestive System Carcinoma

A carcinoma hat arises from any part of the digestive system and is resistant to treatment.


Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline RUNX1 Mutation

An autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by abnormalities in platelet number and function and enhanced risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia at a young age. Patients have germline monoallelic mutations in RUNX1 gene. The clinical presentation is variable, even within the same family. Most affected individuals have a mild to moderate bleeding tendency. Platelet counts are normal or mildly reduced, with normal platelet morphology and variable degrees of platelet dysfunction. Distinct families with germline RUNX1 mutations exhibit varying risks of development of myeloid neoplasms with 11-100% (median: 44%) of family members affected. (WHO 2017)


Parietal cell carcinoma

An adenocarcinoma of the stomach arising from the parietal cells. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with eosinophilic, finely granular cytoplasm.


Ischemic Change

Cellular damage due to diminished oxygen supply to the tissues. The changes may be mild and associated with chronic inflammation, or severe and associated with ulceration, necrosis, and hemorrhage.


Excessive Bruising

Bruising that is disproportionately high to the amount of trauma received or reported.


Clinical Stage IV Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T1-4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasm

A central nervous system neoplasm in childhood that is resistant to treatment.


Pancreatobiliary-type carcinoma

An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells that resemble the malignant cells of the pancreatic ductal or extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas.


Bile Duct Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm, High Grade

A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.  It is characterized by the presence of severe atypia.


hepatoid adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

A rare variant of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.  It is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial infiltrate that resembles hepatocellular carcinoma.


Elevated bilirubin levels in the blood of a newborn infant. It is a normal response due to the limited ability to excrete bilirubin until the maturation of the neonatal liver is complete.


Abnormal Blood Protein

One or more of the blood protein levels being higher or lower than normal (e.g. Albumin, C-reactive Protein).


Clinical Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage II includes: IIA: T1, N1, M0; IIB: T2, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ventilation or Perfusion Signs and Symptoms


Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from an  unknown primary site.


Preinvasive Neoplasm of the Ampullary Region

A premalignant neoplastic and dysplastic lesion that arises from the ampulla of Vater.  It is characterized by the absence of invasion.  This category includes intestinal-type adenomas, noninvasive papillary neoplasms of pancreatobiliary type, and flat intraepithelial neoplasia.


Anal Canal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage IA Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: T1, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Any. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  For adenocarcinoma: T1, N0, M0, G1-2, X. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Metastatic Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


undifferentiated carcinoma of appendix

A high grade carcinoma arising from the appendix, characterized by the absence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Childhood Esophageal Carcinoma

A rare carcinoma of the esophagus that occurs during childhood.


Distal Urethral Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the distal part of the urethra.


Tuberculosis of adrenal glands

Tuberculosis of the adrenal gland.


Testicular Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumor, Mixed Forms

A sex cord-stromal tumor of the testis which may contain any combination of cell types, for example Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and granulosa cells. Symptoms include testicular swelling and gynecomastia.


Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Digestive System Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from any part of the gastrointestinal system.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Clinical Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Evidence of distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm of low grade arising from the digestive system. It is composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with small vesicular nuclei. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent. The tumor can occur anywhere in the digestive system; approximately 90% arise in the appendix.


Refractory Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Esophageal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage II Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma

Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ)


Chemical Gastritis

Gastritis caused by injury to the gastric mucosa by chemicals. The injury occurs due to reflux of bile and pancreatic enzymes.


Diffuse malignant lymphoma - centroblastic-centrocytic


Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Atrophic arthritis

An antiquated term indicating arthritis and bone loss.


Carcinoma in situ of fallopian tube

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ (limited to tubal mucosa). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


small cell carcinoma of appendix

An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the wall of the appendix. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Acute and chronic inflammation

The coexistence of a chronic inflammatory process with a superimposed polymorphonuclear neutrophilic infiltration.


Childhood Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


In situ follicular neoplasia

A follicular neoplasia confined to the germinal centers of the lymph nodes, without evidence of disseminated disease. It is characterized by the replacement of a germinal center by neoplastic centrocytes with uniformly intense positivity for BCL2. The surrounding mantle cuff and lymphoid architecture are intact. It has a low rate of progression to follicular lymphoma, but is often associated with prior or synchronous overt lymphoma.


Benign Familial Infantile Seizures

A genetically heterogenous afebrile seizure disorder of infancy, typically occurring between the third and eight month of life, that is characterized by brief partial seizures occurring in clusters over a day or several days. Psychomotor and neurologic development before and after seizures are normal.


Refractory Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anal canal squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Chronic candidiasis

Candidiasis that is persistent or long-standing in nature.


Clear cell adenocarcinoma of lung

A well differentiated morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the predominance of clear cells.


Benign Germinative Follicular Epithelium Neoplasm

A benign neoplasm involving the germinative follicular epithelium.


Benign neoplasm of extrahepatic bile ducts

A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


Localized Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastroesophageal junction and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Cervical Non-Neoplastic Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the cervix. Representative examples include endometriosis and cervicitis.


Malignant Lymphoma, Non-Cleaved Cell Type


Stage II Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Carcinoma Arising in Bladder Diverticulum

A carcinoma arising in a bladder diverticulum. Approximately one-third to half of the cases represent non-invasive, low-grade or high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Approximately half of the invasive carcinomas are urothelial. The rest include adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and small cell carcinomas.


Grade 1 Diffuse Follicular Lymphoma

A follicular lymphoma with diffuse pattern characterized by the presence of 5 or less centroblasts per 40 high-power fields.


Stage IV Low Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Unresectable Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Device Complication

Any problem arising from the use of a medical device.


Decreased Concomitant Drug AUC

Decreased area under the plot of plasma concentration of a concomitant drug against time after its administration.


Giant cell and spindle cell carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of giant, pleomorphic cells and spindle cells.


Hookworm Infections

An infection that is caused by hookworms.


Gallbladder Benign Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the gallbladder wall.  The neoplastic process does not involve the epithelial layer. Representative examples include leiomyoma, lipoma, and neurofibroma.


Borderline Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Tumor

A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of glandular or cystic spaces which contain atypical glandular epithelial cells resembling endometrial cells.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


Non-T Non-B CALLA Positive Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A non-T, non-B, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which the lymphoblasts are positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) occurring in adults.


Pathologic Stage IIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T2-3, N0, M0. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Corneal Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the cornea.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage I site unspecified

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Vulvar Warty Carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of a warty surface and cellular changes that are caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Appendix Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the wall of the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming round solid nests and occasionally glandular structures.  The majority of the cases are asymptomatic, and they are found incidentally in appendectomy specimens.  The majority of the tumors are located in the distal end of the appendix and they are enterochromaffin-cell carcinoid tumors producing serotonin.  Most cases show morphologic evidence of appendiceal wall and lymphatic vessel invasion by tumor cells.  Despite the morphologic evidence of invasion, appendiceal carcinoid tumors only infrequently produce lymph node or distant metastases.


Laboratory Test Result

The outcome of a laboratory test.


Intimal dissection

A dissection of an artery that occurs though a tear in the inner lining of the blood vessel.


Advanced Pancreatobiliary Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas, bile ducts, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Tissue Kallikrein Deficiency

A disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue-type kallikrein activity in the tissues and glandular secretions where it is normally present.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v6 classification system.


Normal Laboratory Test Result

A laboratory test result indicating the results of the lab test are within normal parameters for the age and population.


Alpha trait thalassemia

A condition in which a person has reduced protein production from two of the four alpha-globin alleles.


Glandular Cell Intraepithelial Neoplasia


Virus-Related Lymphoma

Lymphoma that is caused by a virus infection.


Atypical hyperplasia of breast

A general term that refers to atypical hyperplastic proliferations of the epithelial cells in the breast parenchyma.  Examples include atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia.


Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma

A rare, low-grade sweat gland carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. It usually arises on the eyelids and periorbital skin. It affects mostly older individuals. Women are affected more frequently than men. Morphologically, it is characterized by well-demarcated nodules with cystic, papillary, or cribriform architectural patterns. The neoplastic cells are small to intermediate polygonal to round cells. Small amounts of intracellular or extracellular mucin are present. In some cases, this carcinoma is a precursor of mucinous carcinoma.


Refractory Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

Non-cutaneous melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone

A rare, benign neoplasm, usually arising from the non-metaphyseal regions of long bones or pelvis.  It is characterized by the presence of fibroblastic spindle cells arranged in a whorled storiform pattern, osteoclast-like giant cells, foam cells, inflammatory cells, hemosiderin deposition and stromal hemorrhage.


Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Intercostal Myofascial Injury

A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain secondary to trauma to the connective tissues between the ribs. (ACC/AHA)


Spinal Injury Related to Birth

An injury to the spine sustained during the birthing process.


Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Spinal Cord Infarct During Birth

Ischemic necrosis of the spinal cord due to spinal artery occlusion during the birthing process.


Recurrent Childhood Gemistocytic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of gemistocytic astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Metastatic Meningioma

A meningioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Residual schizophrenia

A subtype of schizophrenia in which the individual has suffered an episode of schizophrenia but there are no longer any delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior. Residual symptoms are seen in the form of negative symptoms (such as flat affect or avolition) or attenuated positive symptoms (such as odd beliefs).


Decreased Time To Concomitant Drug Peak Blood Concentration

Decreased time following concomitant drug administration at which the peak drug blood concentration occurs.


Stage III Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor invades peripancreatic soft tissues or other adjacent organs or structures other than the pancreas.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


HIV Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy resulting from AIDS.


Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Polygenic Obesity

Obesity associated with variations in multiple genes.


Port Site Infection

An infection at an anatomic location used for vascular access.


Sunstroke

A reaction to prolonged exposure to high temperatures that can result in a failure of the body's temperature control system. It is often characterized by body temperature over 105 degrees, dehydration, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness.


Acute Radiation Skin Toxicity

Erythema, desquamation, and other cutaneous injury resulting from, and occurring within days or weeks of, radiation exposure.


Stage III Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

Stage III includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor directly invades other adjacent organs or structures, e.g., abdominal wall and skeletal muscle.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-2

A chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of 10-19 percent blasts in the bone marrow and 5-19 percent blasts in the peripheral blood or by the presence of Auer rods regardless of the blasts count.


Birth Complication

The development of a problematic medical situation that occurs concurrently with the birth of a neonate.


Grade 2 Diffuse Follicular Lymphoma

A follicular lymphoma with diffuse pattern characterized by the presence of 6-15 centroblasts per 40 high-power fields.


Ann Arbor Stage II AIDS-Related Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Unresectable Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

A neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Dissociative Hysteria

A disorder characterized by sudden, unexpected travel away from one's home or place of work accompanied by an inability to recall one's past; the individual is confused about his or her personal identity and may assume a new identity.


Stage IIA Bone Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G2 or G3. T1: Tumor measuring 8 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated, high grade. G3: Poorly differentiated, high grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Proximal Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A gastric adenocarcinoma that arises from the proximal part of the stomach.


Aplastic anemia due to drugs

A state of bone marrow suppression and failure that is caused by a cytotoxic or adverse immunologic response to a drug treatment, leading to a failure of production of red blood cells, white cells and platelets.


Fallopian Tube Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of fallopian tube carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Fistula of gallbladder

An abnormal communication between the gallbladder and another organ or cavity.


Aorticopulmonary Septal Defect

A congenital heart malformation characterised by incomplete separation of the truncus arteriosus and the aorticopulmonary trunk, resulting in communication between the aorta and pulmonary trunk.


Part-Solid Ground-Glass Pulmonary Nodule

A term that refers to a pulmonary nodule in which part of the ground-glass opacity completely obscures the parenchyma on CT scan examination.


Eruption cyst of jaw

A variant of dentigerous cyst found in the soft tissues overlying an erupting tooth. (WHO 2017)


High Grade Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A gastric intraepithelial lesion characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells that are cuboidal with a high nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, significant architectural changes, and increased number of mitotic figures.


Acral Edema

Accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues of the hands and feet.


Early Inflammatory Arthritis

Early stages of inflammatory arthritis, when the underlying diagnosis is uncertain, usually little or no joint damage has occurred. Treatment may alter the disease course (e.g., potentially avert progression to full RA or other diagnosis).


FIGO Grade 3 Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

A primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that contains more than 50% non-squamous solid areas.


Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Minimal Differentiation

An acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation occurring in adults.


Bladder granuloma

A granuloma that develops in the urinary bladder.


Non-Neoplastic Respiratory System Disorder

A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system.  Representative examples include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary failure, tracheitis, and tracheal agenesis.


Prostate Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Cribriform Pattern

A prostate ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic large back-to-back glands with slit-like lumens.


Increased Drug Half Life

Increased period of time required for the concentration or amount of drug in the body to be reduced to exactly one-half of a given concentration or amount.


Adult Pineocytoma

A pineocytoma occurring in adults.


Recurrent Neoplastic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

The reemergence of neoplastic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


Incised wound

A wound or cleft resulted from tissue separation into parts or laid open or penetrated with a sharp edge or instrument.


Unresectable Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

Fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Fallopian Tube Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

A term that refers to the staging of fallopian tube cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


Adenocarcinoma with spindle cell metaplasia

An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by focal or extensive transformation of the malignant glandular cells to spindle-shaped cells.


Unresectable Cervical Carcinoma

Cervical carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Squamous cell carcinoma in situ with questionable stromal invasion

A malignant epithelial neoplasm involving all the layers of the squamous epithelium, but it is not certain if it is confined to the squamous epithelium or it has invaded the basement membrane and the underlying stroma.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the stromal connective tissue of the cervix but not extending beyond the uterus. Does not include endocervical glandular involvement. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Cancer-related Cognitive Dysfunction

The effects of cancer and its treatments on cognitive processes.


Prostate cancer stage D

Metastatic disease.


Polyp of esophagus

A benign intraluminal polypoid neoplasm of the esophagus.  It includes the squamous papilloma and the giant fibrovascular polyp.


mitochondrial endopeptidase Clp complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the mitochondrion.


peritoneum

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified].


thoracic vertebra 8

The eighth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


bone of dorsum

A bone that is part of the dorsal region of an animal.


mammalian cervical vertebra 3

The third of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified].


thoracic vertebra 5

The fifth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


mammalian cervical vertebra 7

Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This spinous process is thick, nearly horizontal in direction, not bifurcated, but terminating in a tubercle to which the lower end of the ligamentum nuchae is attached. The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) has the most prominent spinous process only in about 70% of people; in the remainder, either C6 or T1 (the first thoracic vertebra) will be the most prominent. The transverse processes are of considerable size, their posterior roots are large and prominent, while the anterior are small and faintly marked; the upper surface of each has usually a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The foramen transversarium may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally it is double, sometimes it is absent. On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen. Sometimes the anterior root of the transverse process attains a large size and exists as a separate bone, which is known as a cervical rib.


thoracic vertebra 2

The second thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


thoracic vertebra 11

The eleventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


lumbar vertebra 3

The third lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


proatlas

A small, paired bony element (more rarely, having fused parts) located between the skull and the atlas in tuataras, crocodiles, chameleons, and many fossil reptiles; it is uncommon in turtles and mammals (hedgehog). The proatlas apparently develops from the ossified neural part of the sclerotome. Externally it resembles the neural arch of the vertebra, since it articulates anteriorly with the lateral occipital bone and posteriorly with the anterior articular process of the atlas.


lumbar vertebra 5

The fifth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


mammalian cervical vertebra 6

The sixth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified].


thoracic vertebra 3

The third thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


thoracic vertebra 10

The tenth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


thoracic vertebra 4

The fourth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


lumbar vertebra 2

The second lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


thoracic vertebra 6

The sixth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


trunk or cervical vertebra

A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra.


lumbar vertebra 4

The fourth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


mammalian cervical vertebra 4

The fourth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified].


lumbar vertebra 1

The first lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


thoracic vertebra 1

The first thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


duplex uterus

The duplex uterus is doubled, and is found in monotremes, marsupials, elephants and rodents.


manual digit 4 epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 4.


cortex of manus bone

The outer or sperficial part of a bone of the manus.


posterior lateral line neuromast

Neuromast that is part of the posterior lateral line. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.).


palatine gland

The palatine glands form a continuous layer on its posterior surface and around the uvula. They are primarily mucous secreting glands, as opposed to serous or mixed secreting glands. [WP,unvetted].


respiratory system arteriole

An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


signal recognition particle, plasma membrane targeting

A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to or across the plasma membrane.


lateral ventricle ependyma

An ependyma that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


ependyma

The thin epithelium-like membrane composed of ependymal cells that lines the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord.


fourth ventricle ependyma

An ependyma that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


A 4-hydroxy-D-proline in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has R-configuration.


hydroxyproline

A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


The D-stereoisomer of 4-hydroxyproline.


monohydroxyproline

A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is proline. A "closed" class.


The L-stereoisomer of 4-hydroxyproline.


L-Proline in which a hydrogen at the 4-position of the pyrrolidine ring is substituted by a hydroxy group (S-configuration).


cervical gland

Mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix.


endometrial gland

The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus.


transcription factor TFIIIB-alpha complex

A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and a specialized homolog of the conserved subunit BRF referred to as BRFU or TFIIIB50, which found in human but not conserved in yeast; the complex is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 3 (upstream) RNA polymerase III promoters.


An  alkaloid that is a carbotricyclic compound comprising 5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalene having four methoxy substituents at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 10-positions as well as an oxo group at the 9-position and an acetamido group at the 7-position. It has been isolated from the plants belonging to genus Colchicum.


somite 12

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 12 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


skin of face

A zone of skin that is part of the face.


skin of eyelid

A zone of skin that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition].


mesonephric collecting duct

The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO].


Isoxazole

A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of  isoxazoles.


intestinal brush border layer

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A brush border layer that is part of a intestine.


nutrient

A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.


pharyngeal arch artery 3

The vessels formed within the third pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


Golgi trans cisterna membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the trans portion of the Golgi complex.


Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the medial portion of the Golgi complex.


Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the cis portion of the Golgi complex.


myosin V complex

A myosin complex containing a dimer of class V myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; involved in intracellular transport. Myosin V is a dimeric molecule consisting of conserved motor domains followed by 6 IQ motifs which bind specific light chains and calmodulin. The tail domain is important for cellular localization and cargo binding and can be divided into an alpha-helical coiled coil region and a C-terminal globular region.


excinuclease repair complex

Any of the protein complexes formed by the UvrABC excinuclease system, which carries out nucleotide excision repair. Three different complexes are formed by the 3 proteins as they proceed through the excision repair process. First a complex consisting of two A subunits and two B subunits bind DNA and unwind it around the damaged site. Then, the A subunits disassociate leaving behind a stable complex between B subunits and DNA. Now, subunit C binds to this B+DNA complex and causes subunit B to nick the DNA on one side of the complex while subunit C nicks the DNA on the other side of the complex. DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase can then repair the resulting gap.


axon cytoplasm

Any cytoplasm that is part of a axon.


kinesin I complex

A complex of two kinesin heavy chains and two kinesin light chains.


minus-end kinesin complex

Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the minus end of a microtubule.


posterior semicircular canal

The posterior semicircular canal is a part of the vestibular system and detects rotations of the head in the sagittal plane.


Oxazole

A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.


cephalic vein

A superficial vein of the upper limb that communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,modified].


Benzoxazole

A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.


anterior lateral line neuromast

Neuromast that is part of the anterior lateral line. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.).


long-chain primary fatty alcohol

A long-chain fatty alcohol in which the hydroxy group is attached to a methylene (CH2) group.


macropinocytic cup membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a macropinocytic cup.


Skin Between the Eyebrows

The integumentary covering located medial to the orbital ridges and superior to the nose.


(R)-cyclopentolate

The (R)-enantiomer of cyclopentolate.


(S)-cyclopentolate

The (S)-enantiomer of cyclopentolate.


sensory dendrite

A dendrite that is found on a sensory neuron, and directly transduces a sensory signal from the sensory neuron to another neuron.


skeletal muscle tissue of tibialis anterior

A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tibialis anterior [Automatically generated definition].


long ciliary nerve

A branch of the nasociliary nerve that innervates the ciliary muscles, the iris, and the cornea.


iris nerve

Any nerve that innervates the iris.


descending aorta

The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted].


section of aorta

Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle.


ascending aorta

The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia].


arch of aorta

The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery.


tail vein

A vein that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition].


caudal vein

Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterial cardinal vein in the posterior trunk. Kimmel et al, 1995.[ZFIN].


parachordal vessel

Vessels run longitudinally along the horizontal myoseptum. These vessels are not functional until after lumenization which occurs near 4 dpf. Isogai et al. 2003.


coccygeal nerve

The coccygeal nerve is the spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone.


sacral nerve

The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. Although the vertebral components of the sacrum are fused into a single bone, the sacral vertebrae are still used to number the sacral nerves. Posteriorly, they emerge from the posterior sacral foramina, and form the posterior branches of sacral nerves. Anteriorly, they emerge from the anterior sacral foramina, and contribute to the sacral plexus (S1-S4) and coccygeal plexus.


Spinal Dorsal Nerve

The posterior root of a spinal nerve, which emerges from the dorsal part of the spinal cord and transmits sensory information via an ascending tract to the brain.


A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.


ER-to-endosome phospholipid transfer complex

Lipid transfer complex that is responsible for the non-vesicular transport of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine, from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosome. It resides in the endosomal (acceptor) membrane and binds to specific lipids on the donor membrane at the ER-endosome contact site.


cytoplasmic side of Golgi membrane

The side (leaflet) of the Golgi membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


external side of mycolate outer membrane

The side (leaflet) of the mycolate outer membrane that faces the environment and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


lumenal side of early endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the early endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


lumenal side of transport vesicle membrane

The side (leaflet) of the transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.


periplasmic side of plasma membrane

The side (leaflet) of a plasma membrane that faces the periplasm, and all proteins embedded in it or attached to its surface.


cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane

The external (cytoplasmic) face of the mitochondrial outer membrane.


lumenal side of endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

The side (leaflet) of the mitochondrial inner membrane that faces the matrix.


lumenal side of late endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


cytoplasmic side of transport vesicle membrane

The side (leaflet) of the transport vesicle membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


stromal side of plastid inner membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plastid inner membrane that faces the stroma, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

The side (leaflet) of the outer membrane that faces the periplasm of the cell.


cytoplasmic side of trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane

The side (leaflet) of the trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


internal side of mycolate outer membrane

The side of the mycolate outer membrane that faces the cell wall peptidoglycan. It is rich in long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network.


cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane, cell tip

The leaflet the plasma membrane at the cell tip that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plastid thylakoid membrane that faces the lumen, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


external side of apical plasma membrane

The leaflet the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


cytoplasmic side of dendritic spine plasma membrane

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface surrounding a dendritic spine.


lumenal side of trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane

The side (leaflet) of the trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.


stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plastid thylakoid membrane that faces the stroma, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


lumenal side of Golgi membrane

The side of the Golgi membrane that faces the lumen.


cytoplasmic side of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


cytoplasmic side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


external side of cell outer membrane

The side of the outer membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the periplasm of the cell.


cochlear basement membrane

The the continuous basement membrane found within the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea, known to extend from the limbus, down to the inner sulcus, across the basilar membrane, up to the external sulcus to the spiral prominence and radiating into the spiral ligament ensheathing the root cell processes.


carapacial ridge ectoderm

An epithelium that is part of a carapacial ridge.


mitotic spindle pole body

The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


old mitotic spindle pole body

The spindle pole body that exists in a cell prior to spindle pole body duplication. An old spindle pole body segregates to the daughter cell upon mitosis, and lacks active proteins involved in signaling exit from mitosis.


new mitotic spindle pole body

The spindle pole body that is formed by spindle pole body duplication, and to which proteins involved in mitotic exit signaling (for example, the septation initiation network in fission yeast) localize.


tetramine

Any polyamine that contains four amino groups.


brain arachnoid mater

An arachnoid mater that surrounds a brain.


nucleobase analogue

A molecule that can substitute for a normal nucleobase in nucleic acids.


IgG B cell receptor complex

An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


mitochondrial inner membrane assembly complex

A protein complex that promotes the biogenesis of mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase by facilitating assembly of the peripheral stalk. Loss of INAC function causes dissociation of the F1-domain from the membrane-integral Fo-portion.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall

The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (1-2nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain.


superficial temporal vein

The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted].


musculus rectus abdominis profundus

A component of the rectus abdominal muscle that is some taxa (see comment) forms a disctinct and separate muscle.


Parathyroid Gland Follicle

A follicle believed to be formed by degeneration of suppressed chief cells. Secretion of hormonal and/or other substances into intercellular spaces progressively forms follicular cavities.


parathyroid epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a parathyroid gland.


photoreceptor cell terminal bouton

A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a photoreceptor cell axon. A photoreceptor cell is a neuron specialized to detect and transduce light.


Inferior radioulnar joint structure

The articulation of the head of the ulna bone and the ulnar notch of the radius; the distal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint that functions in pronation and supination of the forearm.


risorius muscle

Facial muscle that attaches to the fascia of the masseter muscle and the facia of the skin in the region of the corner (angle) of the mouth. Even in species in which this muscle is present, it is highly variable. A true risorius muscle may only be present in Hominins (humans and great apes). See Diogo 2008; Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al.., 2011., also DuBrul, 1980.


spiral organ of cochlea

The organ of Corti (or spiral organ) is the organ in the inner ear of mammals that contains auditory sensory cells, or 'hair cells.' [WP,unvetted].


recycling endosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a recycling endosome.


lip epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a lip.


Lewy body-like hyaline inclusion

Cytoplasmic inclusion found in neurons. It consists of filaments and granular materials, exhibits a dense core with a rough peripheral halo and lacks a limiting membrane. The filaments of these inclusions are composed of approximately 15-25 nm granule-coated fibrils in association with normal 10-nm neurofilaments.


submucosal gland

Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue.


submucosal esophageal gland

One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed.


bronchus submucosal gland

A submucosal gland located in a bronchus.


trachea gland

A tubuloacinar seromucous gland that is located principally in the submucosa of the trachea. Excretory ducts from this gland pass through the lamina propria to the tracheal lumen.


airway submucosal gland

A submucosal gland found in a respiratory tract.


cartilago sesamoides

A sesamoid found in the found in the ligamentum calcanei of a wide variety of frogs. (based on Nussbaum, R. A. 1982.


caveola bulb

The region of a caveola that extends into the cytoplasm, excluding the neck (rim). This region is associated with intracellular caveola proteins.


posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node

Superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the posterior aspect of superior portion of head of pancreas.


medial ligament of ankle joint

A skeletal ligament that connects a tibia and connects a tarsal skeleton.


sphenoparietal sinus

The cavernous sinus receives the superior ophthalmic vein through the superior orbital fissure, some of the cerebral veins, and also the small sphenoparietal sinus, which courses along the under surface of the small wing of the sphenoid.


temporalis fascia

The temporal fascia covers the Temporalis muscle. It is a strong, fibrous investment, covered, laterally, by the Auricularis anterior and superior, by the galea aponeurotica, and by part of the Orbicularis oculi. The superficial temporal vessels and the auriculotemporal nerve cross it from below upward. Above, it is a single layer, attached to the entire extent of the superior temporal line; but below, where it is fixed to the zygomatic arch, it consists of two layers, one of which is inserted into the lateral, and the other into the medial border of the arch. A small quantity of fat, the orbital branch of the superficial temporal artery, and a filament from the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve, are contained between these two layers. It affords attachment by its deep surface to the superficial fibers of the Temporalis.


lateral ethmoid-ectopterygoid ligament

Lateral ethmoid-ectopterygoid ligament is a ligament that connects the lateral ethmoid to the ectopterygoid.


femoral fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the femur.


chest blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


parietal of mesothelium of pericardio-peritoneal canal


somite 28

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early tail segment 28 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


endothelium of peritubular capillary

An endothelium that is part of a peritubular capillary.


gastrointestinal system mesentery

A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].


mesonephric epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition].


pedal digit skin

A zone of skin that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition].


buccal fat pad

The Buccal fat pad is one of several encapsulated fat masses in the cheek. It is a deep fat pad located on either side of the face between the buccinator muscle and several more superficial muscles. It should not be confused with the malar fat pad, which is directly below the skin of the cheek. It should also not be confused with jowl fat pads. It is implicated in the formation of hollow cheeks and the nasolabial fold, but not in the formation of jowls.


epithelial cord

A cord of epithelial cells without a lumen and usually several cells thick.


epithelium of cochlear duct

An epithelium that is part of a cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition].


palpebral vein

A blood vessel that drains from from an eyelid.


epithelium of hard palate

An epithelium that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition].


middle mesencephalic central artery

Project rostrally and dorsally from the AMCtA to to irrigate the midportion of the midbrain Isogai et al. 2001.


dorsal artery of clitoris

The dorsal artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.


uropygial gland

A large gland at the base of a bird's tail dorsal to the cloaca at the end of the pygostyle that secretes an oil used in preening. It opens through a caudally directed nipple.


manual digit 2 epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 2.


epithelium of shoulder

An epithelium that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition].


meninx of spinal cord

A meninx that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition].


pharyngeal arch artery 1

The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


brain pia mater

The fibrous membrane forming the innermost of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity that is firmly attached to the glial capsule.


mammary bud

A bulb of epithelial cells that forms from the mammary placode that develops into the mammary gland.


thoracic lymph node

A lymph node that is part of a thorax. Includes lymph nodes of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes.


ileocecal lymph node

Mesenteric lymph node embedded in the ileocecal fold at both sides of the concavity of the cecum. It drains the terminal ileum.


manual digit 5 epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 5.


base of crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine

The basal portion (further from lumen) of a intestinal crypt that is located in the small intestine.


peritoneal vaginal process

A peritoneal diverticulum in the embryonic lower anterior abdominal wall that traverses the inguinal canal. In the male it forms the tunica vaginalis testis and normally loses its connection with the peritoneal cavity; a persistent processus vaginalis in the female is known as the canal of Nuck[MP].


testis sex cord

The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals[WP].


superior cerebellar vein

The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted].


epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine


Peyer's patch epithelium

The specialized epithelium of the Peyer's patch.


vinculum tendon of wing

A tendon which emerges from the distal end of the humerus and follows the posterior margin of the wing, attaching at the distal end of digit 2. The raches of the remiges (i.e., the stems of the flight feathers) are stabilized by passing through the vinculum.


epithelial fold

An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis.


pericardial fat

The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits.


pectoral appendage bud ectoderm

An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud.


intermediate gastric gland

Any of the branched tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach that secrete most of the digestive substances secreted by the stomach.


branch of anterior cerebral artery

An arterial branch arising from the anterior cerebral artery. It includes the callosomarginal artery, frontopolar artery, medial orbitofrontal artery, pericallosal artery, and recurrent artery of Heubner.


central vein of liver

Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver.


subepithelial connective tissue of prostatic gland


high endothelial venule

High endothelial venules are specialized blood vessels adapted for lymphocyte trafficking. They form a spatially organized network, which controls both the type of lymphocyte and the site of entry into lymphoid tissues. Uniquely, high endothelial venules express vascular addressins that regulate lymphocyte entry into lymphoid organs. They perform this function in all lymphoid organs except the spleen.


primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad

A sex cord that is part of a indifferent gonad.


external pudendal vein

One of the veins of the pelvis which drain into the great saphenous vein.


embryo portion of umbilical artery

Each of the two arteries arising from the hypogastric arteries of the fetus and passing throught the umbilical cord to the placenta.


polarized epithelium

A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.


hemipenial holocrine gland

A holocrine gland that is part of a hemipenis.


upper jaw incisor epithelium

A dental epithelium that is part of a upper jaw incisor.


accessory lacrimal gland

Serous gland with distended lumen. It includes the gland of Krause in the lacrimal sac and the gland of Wolfring on the inner surface of the upper eyelid. (NCI).


epicardial fat

Visceral intrapericardial fat contiguous with the myocardial surface.


mesentery of colon

A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].


soleal vein

A vein that drains the soleus.


epithelium of stomach

The epithelial layer of the stomach .


parametrial fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the extension of the subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the broad ligament.


orthokeratinized epithelium

A keratinized epithelium in which the cells of the stratum corneum become very flat, loose their nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles and are now composed of densely packed tonofilaments cemented by filaggrin.


outflow tract endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition].


intercostal lymph node

The intercostal lymph nodes (intercostal glands ) occupy the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces, in relation to the intercostal vessels. They receive the deep lymphatics from the postero-lateral aspect of the chest; some of these vessels are interrupted by small lateral intercostal glands.


lacrimal gland epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a lacrimal gland [Automatically generated definition].


left main bronchus

The main bronchus on the left side.


left pulmonary vein

Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart.


humerovertebral ligament

Ligament that links the tip of the postcleithral process of the cleithrum with either the vertebral column (at the vertebral parapophysis or rib of the sixth vertebra) or with the soft tissue around the postcleithral region.


cardiac endomysium

Reticular tissue which surrounds a cardiac myocyte.


coeliaco-mesenteric artery

This artery has many branches which supply blood to various organs in the viscus.


middle colic vein

The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted].


head blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].


cruciate ligament of knee

One of a pair of ligaments arranged like a letter X.[1] They occur in several joints of the body, such as the knee. In a fashion similar to the cords in a toy Jacob's ladder, the crossed ligaments stabilize the joint while allowing a very large range of motion[WP].


splenic lymph node

The splenic lymph nodes (or pancreaticolienal) accompany the lienal (splenic) artery, and are situated in relation to the posterior surface and upper border of the pancreas; one or two members of this group are found in the gastrolienal ligament. Their afferents are derived from the stomach, spleen, and pancreas, their efferents join the celiac group of preaortic glands.


fenestrated capillary

Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse.


distal tubular epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a distal tubule.


right vitelline vein

A vitelline vein that is in the right side of a multicellular organism.


ileal epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a ileum.


gonadal fat pad

The encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the ovaries or testes.


mesothelium of pleural cavity

A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition].


serosa of rectum

A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition].


pronephric glomerular capillary

A glomerular capillary that is part of a pronephros.


aorta tunica intima

The innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane.


respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium

An lymphatic vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


bronchial lymph node

A lymph node that is part of a bronchus.


musculo-phrenic vein

Any of the veins that accompany the musculophrenic artery and drain blood from the upper abdominal wall, the lower intercostal spaces, and the diaphragm.


skin apocrine gland

An apocrine gland that is part of a skin of body.


mammary gland fat

The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts.


mediastinal fat pad

A fat pad that is part of a mediastinum.


iris blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].


palatocerebral artery

The PLA branches ventrally from the CrDI. It extends rostrally along the base of mid- and forebrain, then loops medially and links to the corresponding vessel from the other side of the embryo. Isogai et al. 2001.


pelvic appendage

Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues.


proper palmar digital artery

The proper palmar digital arteries travel along the sides of the phalanges (along the contiguous sides of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers), each artery lying just below its corresponding digital nerve. Alternative names for these arteries are: proper volar digital arteries, collateral digital arteries, arteriae digitales palmares propriae, or aa. digitales volares propriae. They anastomose freely in the subcutaneous tissue of the finger tips and by smaller branches near the interphalangeal joints. Each also gives off a couple of dorsal branches which anastomose with the dorsal digital arteries, and supply the soft parts on the back of the second and third phalanges, including the matrix of the fingernail. The proper palmar digital artery for the medial side of the little finger arises directly from the ulnar artery deep to the palmaris brevis muscle, but the rest arise from the common palmar digital arteries.


transverse cervical artery

The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery.


coracoclavicular ligament

Any ligament that connects the coracoid process with the clavicle.


anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint

A major stabilizing ligament in the knee that attaches the surfaces of the femur and tibia.


vestibular bulb artery

The artery of bulb of vestibule is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.


epithelium of soft palate

An epithelium that is part of a soft palate [Automatically generated definition].


vasa vasorum

Nutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins.


manual digit blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition].


auricular blood vessel

A blood vessel that supplies or drains an ear.


superior intercostal vein

The superior intercostal veins are two veins that drain the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces, one vein for each side of the body.


anterior intercostal vein

The anterior intercostal veins are the veins which drain the anterior intercostal space.


lateral ethmoid-autopalatine ligament

Lateral ethmoid-autopalatine ligament is a ligament that connects the lateral ethmoid to the autopalatine.


bronchopulmonary lymph node

A tracheobronchial lymph node situated in the hilum of a lung.


connective tissue of prostate gland

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a prostate gland.


mandibular artery

Part of lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the roof of the mouth.


platypus crural gland

A kidney-shaped alveolar glands located in the upper thigh connected by a thin-walled duct to a calcaneus spur, or calcar, on each hind limb.


epithelium of utricle

An epithelium that is part of a utricle of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition].


spinal cord pia mater

A pia mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition].


meningeal cluster

The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system.


ophthalmic vein

Ophthalmic veins are veins which drain the eye. More specifically, they can refer to: Superior ophthalmic vein Inferior ophthalmic vein.


dense regular elastic tissue

Regular connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts and of intercellular matrix, which contains elastic fiber bundles oriented predominantly in definable directions.


intrapulmonary bronchus

A bronchial branch that is located within the lung tissue.


synovial membrane of synovial tendon sheath

Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons. Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa.


panniculus adiposus

The panniculus adiposus is the fatty layer of the subcutaneous tissues, superficial to a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. An example is the Fascia of Camper. Another example is the superficial cervical fascia[WP].


coelomic epithelium

The epithelial lining of the surface of the coelom.


epithelium of otic placode

An epithelium that is part of a otic placode [Automatically generated definition].


pancreatic tributary of splenic vein

The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted].


venule of colon

A venule located in the colon.


medullary arteriole of lymph node

An arteriole that arises from the hilar artery of a lymph node and radiates centrifugally, branching in the medulla.


head somite

Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle.


serous pericardium

Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium.


inferior palpebral vein

A blood vessel that drains from from an lower eyelid.


telencephalon pia mater

A pia mater that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition].


ureteric segment of renal artery

The ureteral branches of renal artery are small branches which supply the ureter.


somite 3

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 3 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


lobar bronchus of right lung cranial lobe


nasal artery

The nasal arteries start at the internal carotid artey and travel rostrally, passing along the right and left walls of the nasal sac at the most rostral end of the head. From the nasal sac, the NA flows into the nasal veins. Isogai et al. 2001.


conus artery

The conus artery is generally considered to be the first branch of the right coronary artery (RCA) in the right sinus of Valsalva. However, one study has shown that in approximately 50% of humans, the conus artery arises from a discrete ostium in the right sinus of Valsalva.


somite 17

Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 17 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.


intersegmental pulmonary vein

A vein receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary vein.


placental artery

An artery that is part of the placenta.


pedal digit 5 epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 5.


pulmonary trunk

An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries.


apocrine gland

Any exocrine gland whose cells bud their secretions off through the plasma membrane producing membrane-bound vesicles in the lumen; the apical portion of the secretory cell of the gland pinches off and enters the lumen; it loses part of its cytoplasm in their secretions; apocrine secretion is functional during hormonal stress or puberty; an example of true apocrine glands are mammary glands, responsible for secreting breast milk.


small intestine arteriole

Arteriole of villus of small intestine.


superior laryngeal vein

The superior laryngeal vein is a vein which drains the larynx into the superior thyroid vein.


choroidal blood vessel

A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition].


exorbital lacrimal gland

A lacrimal gland located subcutaneously at the anteroventral base of the ear adjacent to the parotid gland.


white fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage in which strong bundles of white fibrous tissue predominate.


pulmonary capillary

A capillary that is part of a lung.


vena cava

Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart.


serosa of appendix

A serous membrane that is part of a vermiform appendix.


duodenal epithelium

An epithelium that is part of a duodenum.


aqueous vein

A vessel that receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm).


tendon of semitendinosus

A tendon that attaches to a semitendinosus.


epimysium

Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous.


anterior buccal gland

The racemose, mucous or serous glands in the submucous tissue of the cheeks.


jejunal artery

A branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum.


external jugular vein

The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted].


paracardial gastric lymph node

Gastric lymph node located around the cardia of stomach.