nuclear body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.


Lip hemorrhage

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Loss of Vision

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A condition in which the ability to see is impaired.


positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.


negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.


tRNA-splicing ligase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex that catalyzes the ligation of cleaved pre-tRNAs by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester.


photoreceptor cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


A band

The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.


hemorrhagic cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder resulting in bloody urine.


Breast mass

A breast lump is any discrete mass in a breast noticed by the patient, significant other, or physician.


negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


thioesterase binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a thioesterase.


negative regulation of anion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


protein kinase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol.


lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels.


cellular response to fatty acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.


carbohydrate derivative transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carbohydrate derivative from one side of a membrane to the other.


glycine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


regulation of interleukin-10 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.


Norepinephrine

The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline.


CD95 death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.


regulation of centrosome duplication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


cardiac atrium morphogenesis

The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


bud elongation involved in lung branching

The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed.


Aspartame

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-aspartic acid with the amino group of methyl L-phenylalaninate. Commonly used as an artificial sweetener.


negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.


regulation of execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.


myelination in peripheral nervous system

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


lysine transport

The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs

The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen or Peyer's patches, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen.


establishment of integrated proviral latency

A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.


epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.


protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.


glutathione derivative biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative.


response to jasmonic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.


positive regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.


Alteration in patterns of urinary elimination


negative regulation of chondrocyte development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


Hypnagogic hallucination

Hypnagogic hallucinations are brief hallucinations that occur as you are falling asleep.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Hepatic Pain

A painful sensation in the liver.


Antinuclear antibody positivity

The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react against nuclei or nuclear components.


DNA topoisomerase type I (single strand cut, ATP-independent) activity

Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle.


inositol phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


renal pelvis

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP].


negative regulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


Shortened QT interval

Decreased time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave as measured by the electrocardiogram (EKG).


aqueous humor of eyeball

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP].


positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.


heart valve disorder

A disease involving the cardial valve.


reverse cholesterol transport

The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.


SMN complex

A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins; the complex is found in the cytoplasm and in nuclear Gems, and is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus.


dorsal spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.


response to ATP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


translation initiation factor binding

Binding to a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


protein disulfide isomerase activity

Catalysis of the rearrangement of both intrachain and interchain disulfide bonds in proteins.


ectopic pregnancy

An abnormal pregnancy in which the conception is implanted outside the endometrial cavity.


ornithine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


triglyceride homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell.


regulation of neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


collagen type V trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


Snoring

Deep, noisy breathing during sleep, accompanied by hoarse or harsh sounds, is caused by the vibration of respiratory structures, especially the soft palate. This vibration results in sound due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping.


corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.


synaptic transmission, glycinergic

The vesicular release of glycine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glycine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


glomerulus vasculature development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.


positive regulation of synapse maturation

Any process that increases the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.


nitric-oxide synthase binding

Binding to nitric-oxide synthase.


muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


layer formation in cerebral cortex

The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex.


dorsal aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


tendon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force.


Tissue Adhesion

A fibrous band of tissue that connects normally separate body regions.


cardiac ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure

A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.


lipodystrophy

A congenital or acquired disorder characterized by abnormal loss or redistribution of the adipose tissue in the body.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


5'-nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.


terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.


Hypocholesterolemia

An decreased concentration of cholesterol in the blood.


cerebellar cortex morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


lung vasculature development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs.


nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephron tubule are generated and organized. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


motion sickness

A sensation of discomfort that results from a discordant relationship between visualized movement and any movement sensed by the vestibular system, which is characterized by dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.


cystoid macular edema

An autosomal dominantly inherited cystoid macular edema manifesting with macular atrophy, strabismus and, sometimes, pericentral retinitis pigmentosa. It is associated with a poor visual prognosis.


tympanic membrane disorder

A disease involving the tympanic membrane.


peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum due to infection by bacteria or fungi. Causes include liver disease, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract or biliary tract, and peritoneal dialysis. Patients usually present with abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, chills, and nausea and vomiting. It is an emergency medical condition that requires prompt medical attention and treatment.


glioblastoma

The most malignant astrocytic tumor (WHO grade IV). It is composed of poorly differentiated neoplastic astrocytes and it is characterized by the presence of cellular polymorphism, nuclear atypia, brisk mitotic activity, vascular thrombosis, microvascular proliferation and necrosis. It typically affects adults and is preferentially located in the cerebral hemispheres. It may develop from diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastoma, IDH-mutant), but more frequently, it manifests after a short clinical history de novo, without evidence of a less malignant precursor lesion (primary glioblastoma, IDH- wildtype). (Adapted from WHO)


lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity

Combining with a lipopolysaccharide and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate an innate immune response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex

A protein complex composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and eIF2-GTP-bound methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA.


butyrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid.


regulation of renal albumin absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.


box C/D snoRNP assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


cellular response to hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex

Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.


negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.


purine nucleobase salvage

Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


dense core granule

Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.


cellular response to vitamin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.


nuclear retinoid X receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear retinoid X receptor.


protein-lipid complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-lipid complex.


positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


metastatic neoplasm

A tumor that has spread from its original (primary) site of growth to another site, close to or distant from the primary site. Metastasis is characteristic of advanced malignancies, but in rare instances can be seen in neoplasms lacking malignant morphology.


regulation of calcium-mediated signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response.


Increased hematocrit

An elevation above the normal ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.


presynaptic active zone

A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.


regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


histidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation.


hydro-lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water.


regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.


negative regulation of defense response to virus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.


ectodermal placode formation

The developmental process in which an ectodermal placode forms. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


renal artery obstruction

Narrowing or occlusion of the renal artery or arteries. It is due usually to atherosclerosis; fibromuscular dysplasia; thrombosis; embolism, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (hypertension, renovascular).


Calcium Acetate

The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.


MHC class I protein binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


drug allergy

Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.


medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


endothelial tube lumen extension

Any endothelial tube morphogenesis process by which the tube is increased in length.


type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by interferon-gamma binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.


pronephros development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


positive regulation of double-strand break repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.


paramesonephric duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paramesonephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mullerian ducts (or paramesonephric ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin.


fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


hemiplegia

Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by brain diseases that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, brain stem lesions; cervical spinal cord diseases; peripheral nervous system diseases; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see paresis) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.


transaminase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the spinal cord that contributes to the process of a precursor cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


regulation of removal of superoxide radicals

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.


regulation of establishment of cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity.


protein kinase C signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


metanephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.


spinal cord injury

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).


microbody lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a microbody.


fucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.


mast cell granule

Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.


Decreased corneal thickness

A decreased anteroposterior thickness of the cornea.


pellagra

Pellagra is a nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency in niacin (vitamin B3) or its precursor (tryptophan) that is mainly observed in Asia and Africa where it is generally due to poor nutrition. It is characterized by dermatitis (symmetrical photodistributed erythema that may be accompanied by vesicles and bullae, and that develops into hyperkeratotic and hyperpigmented skin), gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea), and neuropsychiatric disorders (dementia). It can be life-threatening without a correct management.


regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


interstitial cystitis

A rare chronic debilitating urogenital disease characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain.


proteasome binding

Binding to a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation.


nasal cavity cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the nasal cavity


molluscum contagiosum

A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (molluscum contagiosum virus). (Dorland, 27th ed)


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


positive regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


putrescine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


Failure to Thrive

A clinical finding indicating less than normal growth in an infant or child, or a state of global decline in an adult.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


mucosal immune response

An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.


positive regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


Neurological Signs and Symptoms

A term that refers to the clinical manifestations resulting from pathologic processes that affect the central and peripheral nervous system.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty aldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH.


eosinophilic pneumonia

An inflammatory lung disorder characterized by an increased number of eosinophils in the lungs. The majority of cases are idiopathic, without identifiable cause. In a minority of cases, medications, fungal infections, and environmental triggers have been implicated. It manifests as acute or chronic. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a severe and rapidly progressing pneumonia that may lead to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia follows a slower course and manifests as fever, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss.


tRNA-intron endonuclease complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.


secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


LUBAC complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes linear head-to-tail polyubiquitin conjugation on its targets. In human the complex consists of RBCK1, RNF31 and SHARPIN, and has an MW of approximately 600 kDa, suggesting a heteromultimeric assembly of its subunits. LUBAC stands for Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex.


metanephric podocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


hepatocellular carcinoma

A malignant tumor that arises from hepatocytes. Hepatocellular carcinoma is relatively rare in the United States but very common in all African countries south of the Sahara and in Southeast Asia. Most cases are seen in patients over the age of 50 years, but this tumor can also occur in younger individuals and even in children. Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in males than females and is associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, chronic alcohol abuse and cirrhosis. Serum elevation of alpha-fetoprotein occurs in a large percentage of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Grossly, hepatocellular carcinoma may present as a single mass, as multiple nodules, or as diffuse liver involvement. Microscopically, there is a wide range of differentiation from tumor to tumor (well differentiated to poorly differentiated tumors). Hepatocellular carcinomas quickly metastasize to regional lymph nodes and lung. The overall median survival of untreated liver cell carcinoma is about 4 months. The most effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is complete resection of the tumor. Lately, an increasing number of tumors have been treated with liver transplantation.


presynaptic membrane organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.


negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


caveolin-mediated endocytosis

An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.


bleb assembly

The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.


lipoxygenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.


voltage-gated proton channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a proton by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


adenosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


transcription coactivator binding

Binding to a transcription coactivator, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


erythema nodosum

A panniculitis that is characterized by sudden onset of painful, erythematous, subcutaneous nodules mainly localized to the pretibial areas. Lesions are usually bilateral and symmetrical, ranging from 1 to 5 cm in diameter.


positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


hemoglobin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.


transsulfuration

The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes.


binge eating disorder

Recurrent episodes of over-eating.


vascular cancer

A malignant neoplasm arising from the blood vessels.


thrombocytosis disease

A disease characterized by higher than normal platelet counts in the peripheral blood.


positive regulation of translational initiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.


Cyclandelate

The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.


cohesin complex

A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3).


cellular response to camptothecin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.


BLOC-1 complex

A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complex contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Snapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins.


viral gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach resulting from viral infection.


negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


triglyceride transport

The directed movement of triglyceride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.


regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyllactosamine + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. N-acetyllactosamine residues are found in a number of different carbohydrate types. N-acetyllactosamine can also be written as Gal-beta-(1,4)-GlcNAc.


cell envelope

An envelope that surrounds a bacterial cell and includes the cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.


positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.


endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment

A distinct region of the endoplasmic reticulum.


NAD transport

The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


hemorrhagic disease

Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (blood coagulation disorders) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (hemostatic disorders).


Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphocytic depletion

A diffuse subtype of classical Hodgkin lymphoma which is rich in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells and/or depleted in non-neoplastic lymphocytes. (WHO, 2008)


negative regulation of monocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.


multinuclear osteoclast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a multinuclear osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


sperm DNA condensation

The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication.


urethral obstruction

Blockage of the normal flow of urine in the urethra.


proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.


male anatomical structure morphogenesis

The processes by which anatomical structures that are only present in the male organism are generated and organized.


hydrogen sulfide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen sulfide, H2S.


AP-3 adaptor complex

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. AP-3 does not appear to associate with clathrin in all organisms. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).


Leukocytosis

A laboratory test result indicating an increased number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood.


positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


Radiation-Recall Dermatitis

Acute skin inflammatory reaction caused by drugs, especially chemotherapeutic agents, weeks or months following radiotherapy. The inflammatory reaction is confined to the previously irradiated skin and the symptoms disappear after the removal of the pharmacologic agent.


protein tag activity

A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.


plus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a vesicle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.


vascular endothelial growth factor binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor.


negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


histone H3K9 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 9). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.


spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex

A spliceosomal snRNP complex that is formed by the association of the U4/U6 (or U4atac/U6atac) snRNP with the U5 snRNP.


arachidonate transport

The directed movement of an arachidonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


brain injury

Acute and chronic (see also brain INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and brain STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.


Heat intolerance

The inability to maintain a comfortable body temperature in warm or hot weather.


fused antrum stage

The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces fuse to form a single antral space. The oocyte is suspended in the cumulus oophorous and the first polar body in the perivitelline space.


physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.


carbon-nitrogen lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of ammonia or one of its derivatives, with the formation of a double bond or ring. Enzymes with this activity may catalyze the actual elimination of the ammonia, amine or amide, e.g. CH-CH(-NH-R) = C=CH- + NH2-R. Others, however, catalyze elimination of another component, e.g. water, which is followed by spontaneous reactions that lead to breakage of the C-N bond, e.g. L-serine ammonia-lyase (EC:4.3.1.17), so that the overall reaction is C(-OH)-CH(-NH2) = CH2-CO- + NH3, i.e. an elimination with rearrangement. The sub-subclasses of EC:4.3 are the ammonia-lyases (EC:4.3.1), lyases acting on amides, amidines, etc. (EC:4.3.2), the amine-lyases (EC:4.3.3), and other carbon-nitrogen lyases (EC:4.3.99).


poisoning

A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.


Golgi vesicle budding

The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to liver

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the liver from another (primary) anatomic site.  Such malignant neoplasms may be carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas, or sarcomas.


neuropeptide receptor activity

Combining with a neuropeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway.


foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.


superoxide dismutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide.


cholesterol transport

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


thiamine transmembrane transport

The process in which thiamine is transported across a membrane. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing

A posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory RNAs elicit silencing of specific target genes, either by mRNA destabilization or inhibition of translation.


negative regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.


Lsm1-7-Pat1 complex

A conserved, heteroheptameric, cytoplasmic protein complex composed of Lsm1, Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, Lsm6, Lsm7, and Pat1, or orthologs thereof, that shows a strong binding preference for oligoadenylated RNAs over polyadenylated RNAs. May bind further associated proteins. Facilitates the deadenylation-dependent decapping of mRNA in the P-body thereby regulating mRNA decay and subsequent degradation by the 5' to 3' pathway.


Sulfathiazole

A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


syncytium formation

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.


UDP-galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose group from UDP-galactose to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.


monocarboxylic acid binding

Binding to a monocarboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).


inositol phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


negative regulation of DNA endoreduplication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.


regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


skeletal muscle adaptation

Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.


protein localization to cell leading edge

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell leading edge.


tinea infection

A skin infection caused by a fungus.


catechol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.


valine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


adiponectin-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by adiponectin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


endosome to melanosome transport

The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle.


Sufentanil

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


telomerase holoenzyme complex

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.


adrenal chromaffin cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an adrenal chromaffin cell. An adrenal chromaffin cell is a neuroendocrine cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles.


histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formate.


protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX.


P-type ion transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of ions across a membrane. The reaction is characterized by the transient formation of a high-energy aspartyl-phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate.


trophectodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.


taste bud development

The progression of the taste bud over time, from its formation to the mature state. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin

The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.


estrogen response element binding

Binding to an estrogen response element (ERE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to estrogen.


tracheal cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the trachea


apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding

Binding to an apolipoprotein A-I receptor.


regulation of gap junction assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.


glycosyl compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosyl compound.


cell migration involved in heart formation

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells.


occipital bone

The bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull.


positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.


positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.


amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake

The uptake of amino acid neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


negative regulation of glial cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.


peptidoglycan binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


B cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


negative regulation of rRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.


regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


regulation of DNA demethylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.


interleukin-1 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-1 receptor.


pronephric field specification

The process in which regions of the embryo are delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.


P-body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


histone H4-K5 acetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


negative regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


Bacitracin A

A mixture of at least nine closely related homodetic cyclic peptides produced by Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis, which is particularly active against Gram-positive bacteria.


regulation of response to alcohol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.


connexin binding

Binding to a connexin, any of a group of related proteins that assemble to form gap junctions.


positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


regulation of penile erection

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


cation-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).


cell differentiation in hindbrain

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


methylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


sensory peripheral neuropathy

Inflammation or degeneration of the sensory nerves.


Erythema multiforme minor

Self-limiting form of erythema multiforme.


histone H4K16 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.


caveola assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a caveola. A caveola is a plasma membrane raft that forms a small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.


cristae formation

The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.


Clavulanic Acid

Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.


extracellularly glutamate-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


apolipoprotein binding

Binding to an apolipoprotein, the protein component of a lipoprotein complex.


photoreceptor disc membrane

Stack of disc membranes located inside a photoreceptor outer segment, and containing densely packed molecules of photoreceptor proteins that traverse the lipid bilayer. Disc membranes arise as evaginations of the ciliary membrane during the development of the outer segment and may or may not remain contiguous with the ciliary membrane.


axon ensheathment in central nervous system

The process in which a glial cell membrane closes around an axon in the central nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.


sperm principal piece

The segment of the sperm flagellum where the mitochondrial sheath ends, and the outer dense fibers (ODFs) associated with outer axonemal doublets 3 and 8 are replaced by the 2 longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath (FS) which run the length of the principal piece and are stabilized by circumferential ribs. The principal piece makes up ~2/3 of the length of the sperm flagellum and is defined by the presence of the FS and of only 7 (rather than 9) ODFs which taper and then terminate near the distal end of the principal piece.


irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional condition of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and disordered bowel habit (diarrhea, constipation, or fluctuation between the two).


immunoglobulin receptor activity

Combining with the Fc region of an immunoglobulin protein and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


brachiocephalic artery

The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery.


establishment of RNA localization to telomere

The directed movement of RNA to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


pericyte cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pericyte cell.


keratoconjunctivitis

Inflammation of both the cornea and the conjunctiva.


MHC class II protein complex binding

Binding to a class II major histocompatibility complex.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.


cell killing

Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.


Heroin

A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex

A protein complex that possesses nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. The nucleotide can be AMP (in S. pombe and human) or ADP (in S. cerevisiae).


substrate-independent telencephalic tangential migration

The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the telencephalon, primarily guided by interactions that do not require cell-cell contact.


inhibin binding

Binding to an inhibin monomer, any of the polypeptides that combine to form activin and inhibin dimers.


cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction

An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell and is involved in its contraction.


regulation of glial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.


manganese ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cGMP-stimulated cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is increased in the presence of cGMP.


intraciliary retrograde transport

The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum) toward the cell body, mediated by motor proteins.


mRNA localization resulting in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of a mRNA transcript by its transport into, or maintainance in, a specific location within the cell.


elongin complex

A transcription elongation factor complex that suppresses RNA polymerase II pausing, and may act by promoting proper alignment of the 3'-end of nascent transcripts with the polymerase catalytic site. Consists of a transcriptionally active Elongin A subunit (about 100 kDa) and two smaller Elongin B (about 18 kDa) and Elongin C (about 15 kDa) subunits.


positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


regulation of DNA catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.


pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


insulin-like growth factor receptor activity

Combining with insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of sterol import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.


rRNA transcription

The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.


response to interleukin-3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.


Reticulocytosis

An elevation in the number of reticulocytes (immature erythrocytes) in the peripheral blood circulation.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


histone deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.


cerebral cortex regionalization

The regionalization process that results in the creation of areas within the cerebral cortex that will direct the behavior of cell migration and differentiation as the cortex develops.


regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked deubiquitination.


phosphatidylglycerol binding

Binding to phosphatidylglycerol.


long-term synaptic depression

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.


mammary duct terminal end bud growth

The morphogenetic growth of the large, club-shaped terminal end of a mammary gland duct during prepubertal growth and during puberty.


regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrial membrane.


SA node cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell.


posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome

An acute or subacute reversible condition characterized by headaches, mental status changes, visual disturbances, and seizures associated with imaging findings of posterior leukoencephalopathy. It has been observed in association with hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, and immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drug treatment.


Ceftaroline fosamil

A cephalosporin having [4-(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl and {(2Z)-2-(ethoxyimino)-2-[5-(phosphonoamino)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl]acetyl}amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. The N-phospho prodrug of ceftaroline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.


sphingosine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine.


cellular response to indole-3-methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.


skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton.


leukocyte disorder

A disease involving leukocytes.


ciliary rootlet

A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm.


response to fluoride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.


FAD binding

Binding to the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


negative regulation of protein deubiquitination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination. Protein deubiquitination is the removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.


histone H2A K63-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.


T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


indolalkylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.


natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


axon extension involved in axon guidance

The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


Golgi transport complex

A multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR family (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) that has a role in tethering vesicles to the Golgi prior to fusion. Composed of 8 subunits COG1-8.


glucosamine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.


protein import into mitochondrial matrix

The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together.


pulmonary vein

Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO].


anal carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the anus


narcolepsy 1

A rare disorder characterized by sudden and transient episodes of loss of muscle tone. It often follows an experience of intense emotions. It is seen in patients with narcolepsy.


Adenine

The parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6.


Y-form DNA binding

Binding to a DNA segment shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end.


phosphorelay sensor kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response.


sweat

Secretion produced by a sweat gland.


carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.


basal lamina of epithelium

Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.


Breast Swelling

Enlargement of the breast due to  increased fluid volume.


cerebellar granular layer development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar granule layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


Peripheral visual field loss

Loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, resulting in a constricted circular tunnel-like field of vision.


Conjunctival hemorrhage

A hemorrhage occurring in the conjunctiva of the eye.


cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


meiotic telomere clustering

The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in progression through meiosis and precedes synapsis.


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.


regulation of histone H4 acetylation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H4 acetylation, the modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.


regulation of interleukin-5 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.


Aortic dissection

Aortic dissection refers to a tear in the intimal layer of the aorta causing a separation between the intima and the medial layers of the aorta.


modulation by symbiont of host molecular function

The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


eye infectious disorder

An infectious process affecting any part of the eye. Causes include viruses and bacteria. Symptoms include itching and discomfort in the eye, watery eyes, eye pain and discharge, and blurring vision. Representative examples include pink eye, blepharitis, and trachoma.


neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering

The receptor clustering process in which neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.


hairy tongue

A benign condition affecting the dorsum of the tongue. It is characterized by defective desquamation resulting in elongation of the filiform papillae. The dorsum of the tongue has a furry appearance and is usually stained black.


Calcifediol

A hydroxycalciol that is calciol in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A prehormone resulting from the oxidation of calciol in the liver, it is further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3.


Retinal exudate

Fluid which has escaped from retinal blood vessels with a high concentration of lipid, protein, and cellular debris with a typically bright, reflective, white or cream colored appearance on the surface of the retina.


BMP binding

Binding to a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family.


Catalysis of the reaction: chondroitin D-glucuronate = dermatan L-iduronate.


positive regulation of nucleotide catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.


serine-type exopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


F-actin capping protein complex

A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.


establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components.


miRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.


regulation of myelination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


somatic muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle.


regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.


Rage

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


response to sterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.


oxalic acid secretion

The controlled release of oxalic acid, ethanedioic acid, by a cell or a tissue.


importin-alpha family protein binding

Binding to a member of the importin-alpha family.


positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.


fatty acid omega-oxidation

A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


regulation of pseudopodium assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.


SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. SRP and its receptor initiate the transfer of the nascent chain across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane; they then dissociate from the chain, which is transferred to a set of transmembrane proteins, collectively called the translocon. Once the nascent chain translocon complex is assembled, the elongating chain passes directly from the large ribosomal subunit into the centers of the translocon, a protein-lined channel within the membrane. The growing chain is never exposed to the cytosol and does not fold until it reaches the ER lumen.


sciatic nerve

A large nerve that supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.


anus disorder

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hemorrhoids and anal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.


prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. The prolyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA.


cytoplasmic translation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.


regulation of lamellipodium organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.


Hyposthenuria

An abnormally low urinary specific gravity, i.e., reduced concentration of solutes in the urine.


Infiltrate of cornea

Discrete, small lesions present in the cornea as a result of corneal inflammation and, in some cases, after soft contact lens wear especially extended-wear lenses.


Golgi to endosome transport

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes.


xanthoma

A non-neoplastic disorder characterized by a localized collection of histiocytes containing lipid. Xanthomas usually occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, but occasionally they may involve the deep soft tissues.


Bedaquiline

A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.


chylomicron

A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.


exit from mitosis

The cell cycle transition where a cell leaves M phase and enters a new G1 phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


Macular Rash

An outbreak of small, flat, red spots on the skin.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.


eyelid disorder

A disease involving the eyelid.


female meiotic nuclear division

A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.


arginine N-methyltransferase activity

Enables the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to an amino group of an arginine residue.


spinal cord association neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


response to camptothecin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.


RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.


aggresome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein.


Antipyrine

A  pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback

The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in large arteries and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which the terminal end of a mammary duct bifurcates.


nucleophagy

A form of autophagy, by which damaged or non-essential parts of the nucleus, or even an entire nucleus is degraded.


purine nucleoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


myositis disease

An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the muscle tissue.


modulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


cargo receptor activity

Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate.


regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels

Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.


fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid

Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain.


Furuncle

An infection of a hair follicle that extends subcutaneously, forming an abscess.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.


response to host defenses

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.


positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups

Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.


protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space

The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.


portal vein thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the portal vein.


SH2 domain binding

Binding to a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


Neonatal hypoglycemia

Blood glucose concentration below the lower limit of established reference ranges in a newborn.


D-aspartate transport

The directed movement of D-aspartate, the D-enantiomer of the anion of (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.