glomerular visceral epithelium

The inner (visceral) layer of the renal glomerular capsule, overlying the capillaries, composed of podocytes, and separated from the outer (parietal) layer by the capsular (Bowman's) space[BTO]. This epithelial layer is superficially adjacent to the thickened glomerular basement membrane and is made of podocytes. Beneath the visceral layer lie the glomerular capillaries[WP]. This inner epithelial layer of the glomerular capsule surrounds the capillary endothelial cells and is composed of highly specialized epithelial cells (podocytes) that are separated by filtration slits; the inner visceral layer is separated from the outer parietal layer by the urinary space (also known as the Bowman's or capsular space)[MP].


renal convoluted tubule

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any region of a nephron tubule that is convoluted. Examples: distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tuble.


descending limb of loop of Henle

The portion of the renal tubule that constitutes the proximal part of the loop of Henle, has low permeability to ions and urea, and is highly permeable to water; it consists of an initial short thick segment lined by low simple cuboidal epithelium and a long thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium; however, this distinction is not as important physiologically as in the ascending limb, so often the two are treated as one structure.


ascending limb of loop of Henle

The distal part of the loop of Henle that is impermeable to water and actively pumps sodium out of the filtrate to generate the hypertonic interstitium that drives countercurrent exchange; it consists of an initial very thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium followed by a distal thick segment lined by simple cuboidal epithelium[MP].


Irregular Tubule

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The irregular portion of the nephron.


macula densa

The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO].


Renal collecting tube

The final section of a renal tubule in the nephron between the distal convoluted tubule and the ureter comprising of principal and intercalated cells. The collecting tube acts to reabsorb sodium and water while secreting potassium and maintaining acid-base homeostasis.


glomerular parietal epithelium

A single layer of simple squamous epithelium in the glomerular capsule. Does not function in filtration[UBERON]. outer layer of the glomerular capsule composed of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium[MP].


Curved Tube

The curved portion of the nephron.


thebane O-demethylase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> oripavine + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


Desmoplastic Neurotropic Melanoma

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A desmoplastic melanoma characterized by the presence of nerve infiltration by atypical spindled melanocytes.


Ann Arbor Stage I AIDS-Related Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Magnesium ammonium phosphate urolithiasis

Urolithiasis in which the composition of the stone(s) is predominantly magnesium ammonium phosphate.


Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at more than one site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


dorsal root ganglion

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain. (MSH) * ganglion found on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of the unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve. (CSP).


lateral line ganglion

Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate a lateral line.


posterior lateral line ganglion

The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the posterior lateral line system.


trunk ganglion

Ganglion which is located in the trunk.


paravertebral ganglion

Trunk ganglion which is part of a bilaterally paired set of sympathetic ganglia located anterior and lateral to the spinal cord.


epibranchial ganglion

Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode.


anterior lateral line ganglion

The anteror lateral line ganglia develops from cranial ectodermal placodes and contain sensory neurons that innervate the anterior lateral line system.


DMNT synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (3S,6E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 <=> (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene + buten-2-one + NADP + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


Stage IIIB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Colon Cancer AJCC v8

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


AMP nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = D-ribose 5-phosphate + adenine.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


dendritic cell dendrite assembly

Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells.


lamellipodium assembly involved in ameboidal cell migration

Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self propelled movement of a cell.


lateral pseudopodium assembly

The extension of a pseudopodium from the lateral area of a cell.


mating projection formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell projection in response to mating pheromone. This process is observed in unicellular fungi.


endothelial tip cell filopodium assembly

The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the endothelial tip cell of a vascular sprout.


uropod assembly

The assembly of a uropod by rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.


lamellipodium assembly involved in mesendodermal cell migration

Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self-propelled movement of a mesendodermal cell.


extension of leading cell process to pial surface

The extension of a long process to the pial surface as a cell leaves the ventricular zone.


cytoneme assembly

Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-ureidopropionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-ureidopropionate.


plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane.


compound eye cone cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


right hepatic duct

The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene + NADPH + O2 = NADP+ + OH- + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate.


negative regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of B-1 B cell differentiation.


negative regulation of plasma cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


positive regulation of core promoter binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


pancreatic A cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.


3',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to 3',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 3',5' linkages.


regulation of coreceptor activity

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity, combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.


P Wave Abnormality by ECG Finding

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

An electrocardiographic finding for the P wave that is atypical either for the shape, duration, amplitude, axis or polarity. Abnormality of the P wave signifies aberrant propagation of the electrical impulse through the atria.


superior ophthalmic vein

The superior ophthalmic vein begins at the inner angle of the orbit in a vein named the nasofrontal which communicates anteriorly with the angular vein; it pursues the same course as the ophthalmic artery, and receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of that vessel. Forming a short single trunk, it passes between the two heads of the Rectus lateralis and through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure, and ends in the cavernous sinus. The ethmoidal veins drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. Vorticose veins also drain into the superior ophthalmic vein.


13-lipoxin reductase activity

Definition: Catalysis of the reaction: 15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)+.


platelet activating factor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of platelet activating factor, 2-O-acetyl-1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


positive regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.


(-)-pinoresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-pinoresinol.


lignan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


lignan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-pinoresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin.


(-)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-lariciresinol.


(-)-lariciresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-lariciresinol.


lignan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


(-)-lariciresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-lariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-pinoresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-pinoresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-lariciresinol.


(-)-pinoresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-pinoresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-lariciresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-lariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-larreatricin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-larreatricin.


(-)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-pinoresinol.


acyl coenzyme A: isopenicillin N acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O <=> H+ + coenzyme A + penicillin K + L-2-aminoadipate.


regulation of branching involved in mammary cord morphogenesis by fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching of the mammary gland cord as a result of a signal being created by a mammary fat precursor cell and its subsequent reception and interpretation by a mammary cord epithelial cell.


lateral root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


post-embryonic root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


detection of phosphate ion

The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


diester

A diester is a compound containing two ester groups.


(r)-Malathion

A diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate that is the R-enantiomer of malathion.


(S)-Nisoldipine

A methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate that has S configuration.


(S)-Nicardipine

The S-enantiomer of nicardipine.


(S)-Malathion

A diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate that is the S-enantiomer of malathion.


(R)-Nisoldipine

A methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate that has R configuration.


(R)-Nicardipine

The R-enantiomer of nicardipine.


endocardial endothelium development

The progression of the endocardial endothelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


Clinical Stage IIA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

Stage IIA includes: T1, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ectopic Meningioma

A meningothelial neoplasm that arises from an anatomic site outside the intracranial and intraspinal compartments.


Primary Middle Ear Meningioma

A rare extracranial meningioma that arises from the middle ear.


Primary Sinonasal Meningioma

A rare extracranial meningioma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


galactarate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


Bolwig's organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Bolwig's organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.


morphine receptor activity

Combining with morphine (17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


pyrrolysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


interleukin-31 production

The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


respiratory system arterial smooth muscle


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


positive regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


rib 7

The seventh rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


rib endochondral element

A rib bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.


false rib

A rib that is not directly ventrally connected to the sternum.


rib 11

The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove. [WP,unvetted].


rib 6

The sixth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


cervical rib

A rib that is attached to a cervical vertebra.


rib 10

The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. [WP,unvetted].


rib 8

The eighth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


rib 4

The fourth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


rib of vertebra 7

Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the seventh centrum.


lumbar rib

A rib that is attached to a lumbar vertebra.


rib 1

The first rib of the rib cage.


rib 9

The ninth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


floating rib

A rib that is not connected to sternum or sternal cartilage.


rib 12

In humans: The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The twelfth has angle nor costal groove; it is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Sometimes the twelfth rib is even shorter than the first rib. [WP,unvetted].


trunk rib

Rib located in the trunk (ribcage) area (i.e. excluding cervical and caudal axial series.


sacral rib

Elements of the sacrum joining true sacral vertebrae to pelvis [12th edition of Henderson's Dictionary of Biological terms].


rib of vertebra 3

Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the third centrum.


rib 2

The second rib of the rib cage.


rib of vertebra 6

Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the sixth centrum.


rib 3

The third rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


presacral rib

Rib located anterior to the sacral region.


rib of vertebra 5

Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the fifth centrum.


rib 5

The fifth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


true rib

A rib that is ventrally connected to the sternum.


rib of vertebra 4

Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the fourth centrum.


rib of vertebra 1

Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the first centrum.


rib of vertebra 2

Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the second centrum.


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage II subdiaphragmatic


Ann Arbor Stage II Mixed Cellularity Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage II supradiaphragmatic


triglyceride acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of triacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate triacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2 NADPH + 2 O2 + 2 H+ <=> (E)-phenylacetaldehyde oxime + 2 NADP + 3 H2O + carbon dioxide.


RNA exonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


exodeoxyribonuclease VII activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphomononucleotides.


DNA 5'-adenosine monophosphate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-AMP-DNA + H2O = AMP + DNA; nucleophilic release of a covalently linked adenylate residue from a DNA strand, leaving a 5' phosphate terminus.


exoribonuclease II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.


exoribonuclease H activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 5'-phosphomonoester oligonucleotides in both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions.


ribonuclease D activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage that removes extra residues from the 3'-terminus of tRNA to produce 5'-mononucleotides.


poly(U)-specific exoribonuclease activity, producing 3' uridine cyclic phosphate ends

Catalysis of 3' exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U), to form poly(U)-N containing a 3' uridine cyclic phosphate (U>P).


5'-3' RNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule.


exodeoxyribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.


3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in mature miRNA 3'-end processing

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA.


double-stranded DNA 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


D-tyrosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-tyrosine.


D-tyrosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-tyrosine.


promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two cis-regulatory elements, colloquially referred to as promoters and/or enhancers, holding two loop anchors together to maintain a chromatin loop.


epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


delta-Tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2.


chromanol

Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.


The (S,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


beta-Tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat.


The (R,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


alpha-tocopherol

A tocopherol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a 4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl group at position 2.


gamma-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


delta-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by a methyl group at position 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


(S,S,R)-alpha-Tocopherol

The (S,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


(R,S,R)-alpha-Tocopherol

The (R,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


tocol

A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units.


Tocopherols

A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.


alpha-Tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been found in palm oil derived from Elaeis guineensis.


beta-Tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts.


(-)-alpha-Tocopherol

The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


(S,R,R)-alpha-Tocopherol

The (S,R,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


Aquasol E

The (R,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


gamma-Tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. A vitamin E family member that has potent anti-cancer properties against a wide-range of cancers.


sinoatrial valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized.


Mismatch Repair-Deficient Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

An endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma characterized by mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency caused by inactivating methylation or less frequently mutation of an MMR gene (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, or MSH6).


1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Uterine Corpus Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

A very rare and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the uterine corpus.


Stress ulcer

An ulcer due to stress.


cytoplasmic side of late endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


tetracenomycin B3 8-O-methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetracenomycin B3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> tetracenomycin E + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


abdominal ganglion

A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk.


plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.


apical plasma membrane urothelial plaque

A scallop-shaped plaque, also referred to as an asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), found in the apical plasma membrane of urothelial superficial (umbrella) cells which form a a barrier to the passage of water and soluble toxic compounds found in urine. The plaques are thickened regions of membrane composed of uroplakin transmembrane proteins which form a crystalline array.


positive regulation of molecular function

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


positive regulation of RNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


positive regulation of glucosylceramidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.


positive regulation of collagen binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


positive regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


positive regulation of arginase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


positive regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.


positive regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


positive regulation of pyruvate kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.


positive regulation of recombination hotspot binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.


positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


positive regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of mRNA cap binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


positive regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


positive regulation of water channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


positive regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


positive regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


positive regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of beta-galactosidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.


positive regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


positive regulation of polysome binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.


positive regulation of catalase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.


positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


positive regulation of molecular function in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


positive regulation of urease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.


positive regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


positive regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.


positive regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency

Any positive regulation of water channel activity that is involved in maintenance of lens transparency.


positive regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


positive regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


positive regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


positive regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.


positive regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


positive regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme monophenol oxygenase.


positive regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


positive regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


positive regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.


positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.


positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


positive regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


positive regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


positive regulation of lipid binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


positive regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


positive regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


positive regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


positive regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


negative regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.


pinhole eye

Simple eye that has a small aperture (which may be adjustable) and deep pit. It is only found in the nautiloids.


simple eye

An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity.


camera-type eye

An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid.


spherical lensed eye

Simple eye that consists of a lens of one refractive index.


simple eye with multiple lenses

Simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope.


stemma

Eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light.


stroma

Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma.


Connective and Soft Tissue

The supporting connective tissue of an organ.


endoneurium

The loose connective tissue within the perineurium that continues into nerve fascicles and surrounds individual fibers. (Nolte, J. The Human Brain 3rd edition).


eyelid connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition].


Volkmann's canal

Microscopic channels in the compact bone that run perpendicular to the Haversian canals.  They carry blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and connect the Haversian canals with each other and the periosteum.


aorta endothelium

The thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.


lymphatic vessel endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition].


soft tissue

A general term comprising tissue that is not hardened or calcified; including muscle, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, ligaments and fascia.


osteon

A circular structural unit of bone tissue. It consists of a central hole, the Haversian canal through which blood vessels run, surrounded by concentric rings, called lamellae.


compact bone tissue

The outer layers of solid, hard bone that covers spongy bone; consists of parallel osteons containing mineral deposits and interstitial lamellae.


arterial system endothelium

An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition].


endothelium of venule

An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition].


Blood Vessel Tissue

The tissue component of a blood vessel. Large vessels contain three layers of tissue, the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. Capillary tissue is composed of a single layer of endothelium and connective tissue.


endothelium of capillary

An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition].


Visceral Striated Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue associated with organs such as tongue, pharynx, diaphragm and upper part of the esophagus. It is identical in structure to skeletal muscle tissue.


fibrocartilage

Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.


larynx connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition].


intestine smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition].


haversian canal

Haversian canals are a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae. This is the region of bone called compact bone. Osteons are arranged in parallel to the long axis of the bone. The Haversian canals surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout the bone and communicate with osteocytes in lacunae (spaces within the dense bone matrix that contain the living bone cells) through canaliculi. This unique arrangement is conducive to mineral salt deposits and storage which gives bone tissue its strength.


blood vessel endothelium

An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart.


gallbladder smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition].


aorta smooth muscle tissue

The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta.


Superficial Myometrium

The portion of myometrium adjacent to the endometrium.


perineurium

A layer of thin, concentrically arranged cells with interspersed collagen that lies within the epineurium. The perineurium is a component of the blood–nerve barrier and is essential for protecting axons and their associated Schwann cells from ionic flux, toxins and infection.


endothelium of artery

An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition].


dental pulp

The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP].


glomerular capillary endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a glomerular capillary.


muscle tissue of prostate

A muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland.


eyelid subcutaneous connective tissue

An eyelid connective tissue that is part of a hypodermis.


blood vessel smooth muscle

Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.


Lamellar bone

A type of bone tissue. There are two subtypes of mature bone - compact and spongy. Compact bone is very dense and hard on the outside. Compact bone forms the thick-walled tube of the shaft of long bones and covers the epiphyses of long bones. Spongy bone is lightweight and consists of trabeculae, which branch and intersect to form a sponge like network, and red bone marrow for hematopoiesis. Short bones and the epiphyses of long bones consist mainly of spongy bone.


Connective Tissue Component of the Peripheral Nerve


cementum

Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.


endothelium of arteriole

An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition].


Medullary Bone

The central and spongy portion of the bone.


Demineralized Bone Tissue

Bone that has had most of the mineralized components removed while retaining collagen and noncollagenous proteins.


Structure of iliotibial tract

A dense band of avascular, regular connective tissue, it is formed as the union of the superficial and deep layers of the tensor fascia latae, creating a thick band that extends inferiorly, taking its origins from the iliac crest, the tensor fascia latae, and the gluteus maximus, travelling inferiolaterally along the thigh, and inserting on Gerdy's tubercle on the lateral aspect of the tibia. Functionally, the iliotibial band helps to flex, abduct, and medially rotate the femur at the hip joint, and it also helps to stabilize the knee laterally.


epineurium

A loose connective tissue sheath surrounding each peripheral nerve. Composed mainly of colagen and fibroblasts, it forms a substantial covering over nerve trunks, then thins to an incomplete layer around smaller branches near their terminations. The epineurium is continuous centrally with the dura. Peripherally, it usually ends near the termination of a nerve fiber, but it may continue as the capsule of Meissner corpuscles and a few other encapsulated endings. Nolte, J. The Human Brain 3rd edition.


hyaline cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.


Immature Bone

The earliest tissue to appear in embryonic development (it is the predominant bone in the developing fetus) and post fracture. The collagenous lamellae are randomly oriented and loosely intertwined. It is characterized by coarse fiber bundles approximately 30 um in diameter.


venous system endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition].


striated muscle tissue

Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations.


endothelium of vein

An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition].


bronchus connective tissue

A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


artery smooth muscle tissue

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition].


interalveolar septum

A the thin septum that separates adjacent pulmonary alveoli, containing connective tissue constituents of the respiratory tissue and the capillary network of the blood supply of the lung.


Nerve Sheath

A protective cover encircling a nerve, nerve fiber or axon.


osteoid

Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.


layer of muscle tissue

Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue.


smooth muscle of trachea

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition].


vena cava endothelium

An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition].


cardiovascular system endothelium

An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system.


bronchus elastic tissue

An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


Arteriole Smooth Muscle Tissue

The smooth muscle tissue present in the tunica media which is the middle layer of the wall of an arteriole.


odontoid tissue

Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.


Arterial System Smooth Muscle Tissue

The smooth muscle tissue present in the tunica media which is the middle layer of the wall of the arterial system.


white adipose tissue

Connective tissue consisting of fat-storing cells and arranged in lobular groups or along minor blood vessels[MP,modified].


Fat pad

Encapsulated adipose tissue within the body.


enamel

A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP].


elastic cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.


tunica media of artery

A tunica media that is part of a artery.


bronchus smooth muscle

A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


dentine

Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.


trabecular network of bone

The network of intersecting plates and spicules in cancellous bone which form a meshwork of intercommunicating spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow; in mature bone, the trabeculae are aligned in parallel with the lines of major compressive or tensile force.


loose connective tissue

Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue.


Extracellular Matrix

The extracellular matrix is a network of fibers that hold cells together. It is found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. It is broken down during normal physiological and disease processes such as bone remodeling, embryogenesis, cancer, and arthritis.


Malignant neoplasm of exocervix

A malignant neoplasm that affects the exocervix.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.


Carpometacarpal Joint 2

A plane joint primarily between the second metacarpal and the trapezoid, which also connects with the trapezium and capitate.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

A negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that positively_regulates spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


carboxamidine

Compounds having the structure RC(=NR)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the -C(=NH)NH2 group including its carbon atom.


snRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.


D-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-arabinonate + H+.


pheophorbidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a.


mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mycophenolic acid O-acyl-glucuronide(1-) + H2O <=> mycophenolate + H+ + D-glucopyranuronate.


sialate 4-O-acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate = acetate + H+ + N-acetylneuraminate.


all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl ester = 11-cis-retinol + fatty acid.


Gly-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Gly-tRNA(Ala).


sialate O-acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate (free or glycosidically bound) + H2O = N-acetylneuraminate + acetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.


acetylajmaline esterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate.


pectinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.


tropinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atropine + H2O = H+ + tropate + tropine.


acetylxylan esterase activity

Catalysis of the deacetylation of xylans and xylo-oligosaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


fusarinine-C ornithinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N5-acyl-L-ornithine ester + H2O = N5-acyl-L-ornithine + an alcohol.


steroid-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + testololactone = H+ + testolate.


aclacinomycin A methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin A + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-aclacinomycin A + methanol + H+.


acylcarnitine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acylcarnitine + H2O = a fatty acid + L-carnitine.


triacetate-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + triacetate lactone = triacetate.


phosphatidylinositol deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol + a carboxylate + H+.


L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate 6-phosphate + H2O = 3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate.


juvenile-hormone esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.


endosulfan lactone lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+.


Catalysis of the removal of acetylesters (as acetate) from galacturonic acid residues in the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + acetate + H+.


Ala-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated ala-tRNA(thr).


Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.


1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,4-lactone = a 4-hydroxyacid.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate + H2O = 2-ethylhexan-1-ol + 2-ethylhexyl phthalate + H+.


orsellinate-depside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + orsellinate depside = 2 o-orsellinate + H+.


feruloyl esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-polysaccharide + H2O = ferulate + polysaccharide.


cephalosporin-C deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cephalosporin C + H2O = acetate + deacetylcephalosporin C + H+.


primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite = H+ + methanol + O13(4)-desmethyl pFCC.


alpha-amino-acid esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-amino acid ester + H2O = an alpha-amino acid + an alcohol.


6-acetylglucose deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-acetyl-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + acetate + H+.


tannase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: digallate + H2O = 2 gallate + H+.


cetraxate benzylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl cetraxate + H2O = benzyl alcohol + cetraxate + H+.


Ala-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ala-tRNA(Pro).


palmitoleyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoleyl moiety, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from some substrate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy]butanoate + H2O = 2 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + H+.


retinyl-palmitate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: retinyl palmitate + H2O = retinol + palmitate + H+.


lactonohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of lactone rings (intramolecular cyclic esters) to produce a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.


methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane + H2O = 6-hydroxyhexanoate.


Ser(Gly)-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala).


dihydrocoumarin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


L-seryl-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Thr).


all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl palmitate = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


1-16:0-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine sn-1 acylhydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + H2O <=> 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H+.


vinylacetate caboxylester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: but-3-enoate + H2O <=> allyl alcohol + formate.


deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxylimonoate + H2O = deoxylimononate D-ring-lactone + H+.


wax-ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a wax ester + H2O = a long-chain alcohol + a long-chain carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-(5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)propanoate + H2O <=> 3-maleylpyruvate + H+.


phorbol-diester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate = butanoate + H+ + phorbol 13-butanoate.


4-sulfomuconolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5-oxo-2-sulfonato-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate + H2O <=> maleylacetate + sulfite + 2 H+.


5-valerolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-valerolactone + H2O = 5-hydroxyvalerate.


prenylcysteine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


butyrolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyrolactone + H2O = 4-hydroxybutanoate.


L-rhamnono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-rhamnonate + H+.


pheophytinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide.


sialate 9-O-acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminate = acetate + H+ + N-acetylneuraminate.


diphthine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphthine methyl ester + H2O = diphthine + H+ + methanol.


gluconolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = D-gluconate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,3-diglyceride = a monoglyceride + a fatty acid.


protein C-terminal methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.


short-chain carboxylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylic anion, where the carboxylic chain has 8 or fewer carbon atoms.


Cys-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).


methyl jasmonate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.


4-methyloxaloacetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxy-2,4-dioxobutanoate + H2O = H+ + methanol + oxaloacetate.


protein methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X].


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


pheophytinase b activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin b + H2O <=> H+ + pheophorbide b + phytol.


sulfolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfolactone + OH- = HSO3(-) + maleylacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, all-trans-retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinyl palmitate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


phosphatidyl phospholipase B activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + a phosphatidylcholine = sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 H+ + 2 a carboxylate.


acetylsalicylate deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylsalicylate + H2O = acetate + H+ + salicylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone <=> H+ + an N-acyl-L-homoserine.


trans-permethrin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-trans-permethrin + H2O <=> H+ + (3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol + (1S,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + polyneuridine aldehyde = 16-epivellosimine + CO2 + methanol.


D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) = D-leucine + tRNA(Leu). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-leucine from residues in charged tRNA(Leu).


L-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-arabinonate + H+.


3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O = 3-oxoadipate.


heparan sulfate N-deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [heparan sulfate]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = acetate + H+ + [heparan sulfate]-alpha-D-glucosamine.


limonin-D-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: limonoate D-ring-lactone + H2O = limonoate.


chlorogenate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorogenate + H2O = (-)-quinate + cis-caffeate + H+.


uronolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucurono-6,2-lactone + H2O = D-glucuronate.


brefeldin A esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone.


galactolipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 H2O = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 carboxylates.


actinomycin lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: actinomycin + H2O = actinomycinic monolactone.


methyl salicylate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.


4-pyridoxolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-pyridoxolactone + H2O = 4-pyridoxate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-rhodomycinone + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-epsilon-rhodomycinone + methanol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a monoglyceride + a fatty acid.


pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester + H2O = pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + H2O <=> sn-1-lyso-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + oleate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.


hormone-sensitive lipase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: diacylglycerol + H2O = monoacylglycerol + a carboxylate; triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate; and monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a carboxylate.


acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(acyloxy)acyl group of bacterial toxin = 3-hydroxyacyl group of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan = acetate + D-galactosaminoglycan.


acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acetic ester + H2O = an alcohol + acetate.


xylono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-xylonate.


pectin acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin.


carboxymethylenebutenolidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide + H2O = 4 oxohex-2-enedioate.


sinapine esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-sinapoylcholine + H2O = choline + H+ + sinapate.


cutinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cutin + H2O = cutin monomers.


aclacinomycin T methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin T(1+) + H2O <=> 15-demethylaclacinomycin T + methanol + H+.


Ser-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala).


Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection

Infection of the genitalia by human papillomavirus.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (hercynine) + O2 = hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


ramus muscularis of glossopharyngeus nerve

Branchiomotor branch of the glossopharyngeus nerve innervating the m. subarcuales rectus I.


anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.


beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.


L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination.


L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.


D-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine.


arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


arabitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


Iatrogenic Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism resulting from medical treatment or intervention.


Acquired Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Hypoparathyroidism, Autosomal Recessive

Hypoparathyroidism associated with homozygous mutation(s) in the PTH gene, which encodes parathyroid hormone, or in the GCM2 gene, which encodes chorion-specific transcription factor GCMb.


Transient neonatal hypoparathyroidism

A disorder of decreased production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland in a newborn. It is due to maternal hyperparathyroidism. It may be characterized by hypocalcemic seizures in the first weeks of life.


Primary hypoparathyroidism

Abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone due to a disorder originating within the parathyroid glands.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.


trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.


clearance of foreign intracellular nucleic acids

A defense process that protects an organism from DNA or RNA from an invading organism.


suppression of viral release by host

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.


antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

An immune response against microbes mediated by anti-microbial peptides in body fluid.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


cytolysis by host of symbiont cells

The killing by an organism of a cell in its symbiont organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


CRISPR-cas system

A defense response of that serves to clear host cells of foreign DNA and RNA. It has three distinct stage: acquisition of foreign DNA by integration into CRISPR loci in the host chromosome, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis, and target interference. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, which describes the nature of the loci.


induced systemic resistance

A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.


natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


DNA restriction-modification system

A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.


suppression of symbiont entry into host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


defense response to symbiont

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that symbiont.


antiviral innate immune response

A defense response against viruses mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


male-specific defense response to bacterium

A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


clearance of foreign intracellular DNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.


natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.


defense response to oomycetes

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.


antifungal innate immune response

An defense response against a fungus mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


antibacterial innate immune response

An defense response against a bacteria mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


male-specific antibacterial humoral response

An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.


defense response to parasitic plant

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.


hemolymph coagulation

Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.


melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.


systemic acquired resistance

The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.


melanization defense response

The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.


innate immunity memory response

An immune response mediated by the innate immune system and directed against a previously encountered immunologic stimulus, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the initial response to that stimulus.


innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


defense response against perturbation of plasma membrane integrity

The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.


age-related resistance

An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR).


clearance of foreign intracellular RNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign RNA.


pigment granule membrane

Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell that was derived from the epicardium over time, from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide = trans-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


Circumscribed storiform collagenoma

A benign skin tumor characterized as a small, dome-shaped dermal nodule composed of fibroblasts in a dense collagenous background with storiform organization.  Rarely, multiple lesions can occur in connection with Cowden's disease.


Senile nevus

A benign skin lesion consisting of a cluster of capillaries at the surface of the skin, forming a red papular lesion.


chlorobenzophenone

A member of the class of benzophenones that is any substituted benzophenone in which at least one of the substituents is a chlorine.


detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


saddle joint

In a saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex.


epithelium of forearm

An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition].


positive regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


elastin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin, a fibrous glycoprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 4-hydroxyacetophenone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


collagen type VII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue. It binds laminin.


anilines

Any  aromatic amine that is benzene carrying at least one amino substituent and its substituted derivatives.


(R)-aminoglutethimide

The (3R)-enantiomer of aminoglutethimide.


isoflavonoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


cinnamic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


anaerobic lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


chalcone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


eugenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


cinnamic acid ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


guaiacyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guaiacyl lignin.


negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


visual perception involved in equilibrioception

The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.


irregular bone

The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid.


vertebra

The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.


inferior nasal concha

A turbinal located on the maxilla bone.


negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


fluorenes

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene in which the skeleton is composed of two benzene rings ortho-fused to cyclopentane.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate.


positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.