coenzyme gamma-F420-2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme gamma-F420-2 (F420-2; coenzyme F420; N-{N-[O-(7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin phospho)-(S)-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl}-L-glutamate), the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+-)-trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol + 2 NADP+ = acenaphthene-1,2-dione + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


interleukin-15 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-15 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


menarche

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.


regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


intracellular acyl-CoA homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of acyl-CoA within a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing C5-methyluridine.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus via nuclear envelope disassembly

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus that involves disruption of the nuclear membrane envelope by the virus.


melilotate 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H2O + NAD+.


CCL2-activated CCR4 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


alpha-zeacarotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-zeacarotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


oxanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated guanine where the resulting base (oxanine) is generated by NO- or HNO2-induced nitrosative deamination.


type II hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


cellular stress response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


sperm displacement

The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters.


D-glucosamine PTS permease activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a [PTS enzyme I]-Npi-phospho-L-histidine + D-glucosamine <=> D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + a [PTS enzyme I]-L-histidine.


female gonad morphogenesis

The process in which a female gonad is generated and organized.


ventral furrow formation

Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


limb epidermis stratification

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the epidermis of the limb in space to define a volume in which specific patterns of basal cell, spinous cell and granular cells will differentiate giving rise to the layers of the limb epidermis.


negative regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


pyridoxal binding

Binding to pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


abducens nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin.


versiconal hemiacetal acetate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconol acetate + NADP <=> versiconal hemiacetal acetate + NADPH.


response to purvalanol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.


mitochondrial inner membrane fusion

The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial inner membranes to form a single membrane.


heme B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antifungal peptide.


atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and an AV node cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.


4-hydroxymandelate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H+.


XTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: XTP + H2O = XMP + H+ + diphosphate.


symbiont-mediated cAMP intoxication of host cell

The production by a symbiont of high levels of cyclic AMP in a host cell, impairing host cellular functions in multiple ways, including ATP depletion, interference with host intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal defects and apoptosis-related cell death. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


histone H3 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H3.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-alanine.


metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex.


negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


hypoglossal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


GTP-dependent protein kinase activity

GTP dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein serine/threonine = ADP + protein serine/threonine phosphate.


peptidyl-serine decanoylation

The decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-glutaconyl-CoA + H+ = but-2-enoyl-CoA + CO2.


sneeze reflex

A reflex process that expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane.


kanamycin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + kanamycin = ADP + 2 H+ + kanamycin 3'-phosphate.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.


positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


anterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.


Langerhans cell chemotaxis

The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.


dorsal root ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate + ATP = 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP.


polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


D-fuconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate + H2O.


5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.


metanephric short descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology.


cellular response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


virion attachment to host cell pilus

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a pilus on the host cell surface. Pili are retractile filaments that protrude from gram-negative bacteria. Filamentous viruses can attach to the pilus tip, whereas icosahedral viruses can attach to the pilus side.


negative regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the formation of the primitive streak.


negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release

The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane.


response to hydrogen sulfide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.


peturbation by virus of host exit from mitosis

A process in which a virus interferes with the host cell completing the M phase of the cell cycle.


arylmalonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aryl-2-methylmalonate + H+ = 2-arylpropionate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + H2O = a phosphatidate + CMP + 2 H+.


intracellular aspartate homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of aspartate within a cell.


cellular response to endothelin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).


mononuclear cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cholesterol = UDP + cholesteryl beta-D-glucoside + H+.


phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.


regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


effector-mediated perturbation of host innate immune response by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + L-cysteine + L-valine + 3 ATP + H2O = N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + 3 AMP + 3 diphosphate + 6 H+.


response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


S-methylmethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-methyl-methionine (SMM). SMM can be converted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


cytoplasm protein quality control

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly

Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female germline ring canals.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


chorismate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid.


regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H+ = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate + CO2.


O antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(out) + H+(out) = 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(in) + H+(in).


cleistothecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


UMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in).


steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.


de novo centriole assembly

Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo, rather than by replication from an existing centriole. This process may occur via different mechanisms. Examples include the deuterosome pathway in multicilated epithelial animal cells and formation of centrioles during parthenogenesis in some insects.


phenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NADP+ + H2O.


aromatic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.


benzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzene.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.


closure of embryonic heart tube

Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + L-serine = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + choline.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway.


pons reticulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.


response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.


W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


geraniol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NAD+.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.


cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.


indole 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O2 = 2-formamidobenzaldehyde.


carotenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


L-arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


negative regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decanoyl (CH3-[CH2]8-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor -> 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


cytosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of tube length, open tracheal system

Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.


postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Neurotransmitter receptor activity occuring in the postsynaptic membrane during synaptic transmission.


symbiont-mediated activation of host inflammasome-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont subverts an inflammasome-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ocellus photoreceptor cell development

Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in).


glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.


thyroid hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


(13S)-vitexifolin A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:9alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = (13S)-vitexifolin A + diphosphate.


geraniol 10-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: polyprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = polyprenylphosphate-glucose + UDP.


thiol S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thioether.


abscisic acid binding

Binding to abscisic acid, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


cellular response to ergosterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ergosterol stimulus.


PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).


cellular response to formaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.


glioblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.


alpha-1,4-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n = RDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n+1, where RDP is ADP or UDP.


sphingolipid biosynthesis involved in endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids that contributes to endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization.


negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.


alkyl hydroperoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octane hydroperoxide + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + 1-octanol.


organellar voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. The membrane is an organellar membrane.


hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activity

A hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate <=> an oxoicosatetraenoate + H2O.


itaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citramalyl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + H2O.


sperm incapacitation

The process in which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males.


post-embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


amine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + an acceptor (A) + H2O = an aldehyde + a reduced acceptor (AH2) + NH4+.


stizolobate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.


sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore

The formation of multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from meiosis. A multicellular or syncytial spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + phosphate.


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


Lugaro cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature Lugaro cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Lugaro cell fate. A Lugaro cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


dissimilatory sulfite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 2 A + 3 H2O + hydrogen sulfide = [DsrC protein]-dithiol + 2 AH2 + H+ + sulfite and [DsrC protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine/L-cysteine + 3 A + 3 H2O = [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 3 AH2 + 2 H+ + sulfite.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


quinolinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine = N-(4-guanidiniumylbutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide + CoA + H+.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and an ER membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate = H+ + hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.


agglutination involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation without cellular fusion of a unicellular organism.


SREBP-SCAP complex retention in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process in which the SREBP-SCAP complex is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. The SREBP-SCAP complex is formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). In the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed. In the presence of sterols, the complex binds ER-resident proteins such as INSIG, which retain the complex in the ER.


cardioblast cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


actin cortical patch assembly

Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.


negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in ureteric bud development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ureteric bud along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


response to decalin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decalin stimulus.


cytochrome P450 dependent 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 12,13beta-epoxy-16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


positive regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


swim bladder formation

The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


psychomotor behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O2 = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O2 + H+.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-18 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


trans-activation response element binding

Binding to a trans-activation response (TAR) element, a hairpin RNA structure located at the 5' end of all HIV-1 transcripts, and which is required for trans-activation of a viral promoter.


cellulose-polysulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2- and 3-sulfate groups of the polysulfates of cellulose and charonin.


ultradian rhythm

The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours.


protein-phosphocysteine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucose(out) = protein cysteine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


telomeric loop disassembly

The telomere maintenance process in which telomeric loops are disassembled to permit efficient telomere replication.


snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation.


methylenediurea deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + methylenediurea = CO2 + 2 NH3 + N-hydroxymethylurea.


protein localization to actin filament bundle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin filament bundle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate = (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + pyruvate.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved SA node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


endoribonuclease activity, cleaving miRNA-paired mRNA

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an miRNA.


histone H3K56 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56).


induction of negative chemotaxis

Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one + NAD+ = 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + H+ + NADH.


response to neutral pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + gypsogenate = gypsogenate-28-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


positive gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts towards gravity.


(+)-pulegone reductase, (+)-isomenthone as substrate, activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-isomenthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


chlorophyll binding

Binding to a chlorophyll; a compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.


ferrichrome biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


regulation of spore-bearing organ development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


N-formylglutamate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formate.


menstruation

The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.


regulatory T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a regulatory T cell.


phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: campest-4-en-3beta-ol + NAD = campest-4-en-3-one + NADH + H+.


posterior commissure morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the midbrain towards target cells in the diencephalon.


spermidine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + acceptor + H2O = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + reduced acceptor.


aspartate transamidation

The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group.


cellular detoxification of metal ion

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a metal ion.


cell adhesion involved in multi-species biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.


sinoatrial valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


glucose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.


positive regulation of gonad development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + glyoxylate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + glycine.


flower phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of floral organ primordia around a central axis in a flower primordium.


selenium-containing prosthetic group metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.


cyanogenic glycoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


flavonoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


lutein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lutein.


right lung morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized.


positive regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.


ethanol-acetate fermentation to butyrate and caproate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol and acetate to butyrate and caproate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and saccharopine. This pathway is used by yeast and fungi to synthesize the essential amino acid L-lysine, and pathway intermediates are often incorporated into secondary metabolic processes. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This is then reduced to form alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is metabolized to saccharopine and finally L-lysine.


protein propionyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-propionyl-lysine-peptide.


internal mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an internal epithelial cell of the mammary gland bud. Internal cells are small and of irregular shape.


intracellular signal transduction

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.


3-ethylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.


corticospinal neuron axon decussation

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed to cross the midline to the contralateral side.


thyroxine 5-deiodinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H+ = L-thyroxine + AH2.


maintenance of protein localization to heterochromatin

A process in which a protein is maintained in a location in telomeric heterochromatin.


dichloromethane dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dichloromethane + H2O = 2 chloride + formaldehyde + 2 H+.


SAGA complex localization to transcription regulatory region

Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene.


photosynthetic acclimation

A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light.


asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate.


N-terminal protein amino acid glucuronylation

The glucuronylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


Spemann organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore

Formation of the specialized region at the dorsal lip of the blatopore of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


response to dinitrophenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.


caffeoyl-CoA: alcohol caffeoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + a saturated primary alcohol = an alkyl caffeate + CoA.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


histone H3K37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 37) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 37). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 37 of the histone H3 protein.


2-oxoglutarate, L-arginine oxygenase (succinate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-argininium(1+) + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine(1+) + succinate + carbon dioxide.


levan fructotransferase (DFA-IV-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)]n-D-fructofuranoside = beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside + di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride (DFA IV) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->6)-beta-D-fructan (levan) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.


vitelline membrane formation

Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of the egg shell, a rigid structure required to maintain the shape of the egg.


negative regulation of oospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


Atg8-family conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of an Atg8 family modifer from one protein to a phosphatidylethanolamine or  phosphatidylserine on a membrane, via the reaction X-Atg8 + Y = Y-Atg8 + X.


lipoprotein amino acid oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids in the protein.


9-cis-beta-carotene 9',10'-cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-cis-beta-carotene + O2 <=> 9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone.


multivesicular body fusion to apical plasma membrane

The fusion of the membrane of a multivesicular body with the apical plasma membrane, resulting in release of exosomes from the cell.


tabersonine 16-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + tabersonine = 16-hydroxytabersonine + H2O + NADP+.


cellular response to methylglyoxal

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.


negative regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.


diphenyl ether 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + NADH + O2 + H+ = phenol + catechol + NAD+.


positive regulation of neural retina development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


establishment of protein localization to spindle pole body

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location at the spindle pole body.


L-glutamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamine.


negative regulation of adipose tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.


benzoyl acetate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-phenylpropionate + CoA + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl acetyl-CoA.


negative regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.


positive regulation of sporangium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.


epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


basidium development

The process that leads to the development of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


establishment of planar polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a larval imaginal disc epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


positive regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that activates, maintains or increases long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.


microsporocyte differentiation

The process aimed at the progression of a microsporocyte cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A microsporocyte is a diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell.


cellular response to oxidopamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidopamine stimulus.


regulation of cumulus cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.


diestrus

The estrous cycle phase which is a period of sexual quiescence and represents the phase of the mature corpus luteum.


compound eye photoreceptor development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + gibberellin = UDP + gibberellin 2-O-beta-D-glucoside.


mRNA dihydrouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mRNA-uracil + NAD(P)+ = mRNA-dihydrouridine + NAD(P)H+ + H+.


ganglion structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


taurine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + taurine = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + succinate + sulfite.


plant-type cell wall organization

A process that results in the assembly and arrangement of constituent parts of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall, or in the disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. This process is carried out at the cellular level. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


karyogamy

The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.


regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


protein N-linked glucosylation via asparagine

A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which glucose is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


box C/D RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving box C/D type small nucleolar RNA.


4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside 6'-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside + malonyl-CoA <=> 4-methylumbelliferone 6'-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.


D-alanine [D-alanyl carrier protein] ligase activity

Catalysis of the ATP-dependent activation of D-alanine and its transfer as a thiol ester to the phosphopantheinyl prosthetic group of a D-alanyl carrier protein, according to the reaction: ATP + D-alanine + a [D-alaninyl carrier protein] = a D-alanyl-[D-alanyl carrier protein] + AMP + diphosphate.


maintenance of vesicle location

Any process in which a vesicle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


Ran protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ran family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


peptidyl-allysine oxidation to 2-aminoadipic acid

The oxidation of allysine to 2-aminoadipic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + phenanthrene-3,4-diol.


holo-citrate lyase synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: apo-citrate lyase + 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA = diphosphate + holo-citrate lyase.


response to parasitic plant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic plant.


sulfolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfolipids, any compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.


lovastatin nonaketide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + acetyl-CoA + 18 H+ + 8 malonyl-CoA + 11 NADPH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 8 CO2 + 9 CoA + dihydromonacolin L + 6 H2O + 11 NADP+.


negative regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


linalyl 6-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside glucosidase (Yabukita) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linalyl 6-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O <=> vicianose + linalool.


negative regulation of emodin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.


fosmidomycin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate = trans-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + CoA = reduced glutathione + CoA-glutathione.


deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde.


positive regulation of urine volume by pressure natriuresis

An increase in the amount of urine excreted over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.


response to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus regulating the process of conjugation without cellular fusion.


sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via phenylpyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate phenylpyruvate.


ATPase-coupled intramembrane lipid transporter activity

Catalysis of the movement of lipids from one membrane leaflet to the other, driven by ATP hydrolysis. This includes flippases and floppases.


protein localization to T-tubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the T-tubule. The T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.


single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell migration by calcium

The process that increases the extent of granule cell motility using intracellular calcium signaling mechanisms during radial migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside <=> quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside + UDP.


monomethyl-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + monomethyl sulfate = H+ + methanol + sulfate.


extraction of mislocalized protein from membrane

The removal of a mislocalized protein from a cellular membrane.


negative regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + [1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate = [1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl-4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + diphosphoric acid.


glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


o-aminophenol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 2-aminophenol + 3 O2 = 2 isophenoxazine + 6 H2O.


kojibiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kojibiose + phosphate = beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.


intermediate mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the intermediate mesoderm are generated and organized.


terrequinone A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrequinone A.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + UDP-L-arabinose = (indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol 3-L-arabinoside + H+ + UDP.


response to thiabendazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.


3-oxo-palmitate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopalmitic acid + H+ = 2-pentadecanone + carbon dioxide.


fumagillin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumagillin.


His-Purkinje system cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a His-Purkinje cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


induction of programmed cell death by hormones

Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kinetin <=> H+ + kinetin-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


histone H3K36me2/H3K36me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


sulfoacetaldehyde lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-sulfoacetaldehyde + H2O = acetate + sulfite.


glutathione oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + O2 = glutathione disulfide + H2O2.


sulfur oxygenase/reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 sulfur + 4 H2O + O2 = 2 hydrogen sulfide + 2 bisulfite + 2 H+.


prostacyclin receptor activity

Combining with prostacyclin (PGI(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein insertion into plasma membrane raft

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a plasma membrane raft.


Malpighian tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.


FMN reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NADP+ = FMN + NADPH + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.


2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA = a fatty aldehyde + formyl-CoA. The reaction acts on 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA and 2-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA.


Notch receptor processing, ligand-independent

The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur prior to ligand binding. A primary cleavage event within the extracellular domain whilst the Notch protein in still in the secretory pathway, leads to the transportation of a processed heterodimer to the cell surface.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine(2-) + H2O <=> UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine(1-) + acetate.


positive regulation of lipid localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


atrioventricular node cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to atrioventricular (AV) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into AV node cells.


arabinoxylan binding

Binding to arabinoxylan.


cytoplasmic translational elongation

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


fermentative hydrogen production

The fermentation of organic substances with a net release of hydrogen.


oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization

Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.


salicylate 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NAD+ + H2O + CO2.


phthalate 4,5-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + zeatin = L-lupinate + acetate + H+.


positive regulation of mannotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.


homogentisate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogentisate.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-ManNAcA-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol <=> H+ + alpha-D-FucNAc4-(1->4)-beta-D-ManNAcA-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-undecaprenyl diphosphate + dTDP.


lymphoid lineage cell migration

The orderly movement of a lymphoid lineage cell from one site to another. A lymphoid lineage cell, also called a lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell, is a progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage.


enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


glycerol to glycerone phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, is converted to glycerone phosphate.


negative regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


quinaldate 4-oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinaldate = AH(2) + kynurenate.


protein modification process

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).


ajugose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 verbascose <=> ajugose + stachyose.


phosphogluco-amylopectin water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + a 6-phosphogluco-amylopectin = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-3-phosphogluco-amylopectin.


p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate or quinate ester of p-coumaric acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = caffeic acid conjugate (caffeoyl shikimic acid or chlorogenic acid) + H2O + NADP+.


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


naringenin 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin + NADPH + O2 <=> 2-hydroxynaringenin + NADP + H2O.


typhasterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: typhasterol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = castasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


3-ketopimelyl-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA + CoA = glutaryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.


flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: a flavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O, and a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3',5'-dihydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O.


viral tropism switching

A process by which the range of hosts which a virus can bind and infect is changed. Examples include phages that switch between types of fibers via the action of a virally encoded invertase.


ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and EGFR. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.


Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of imine intermediates formed by several types of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent dehydratases, such as EC 4.3.1.19 and EC 4.3.1.17.


terpentetriene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: terpentedienyl diphosphate = diphosphate + terpentetriene.


funalenone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of funalenone.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule norepinephrine.


uronic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Uronic acids are any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases or internal mixed function oxidases)

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and one oxygen atom is incorporated into a donor.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.


alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent xanthine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) + O2 + xanthine = CO2 + succinate + urate.


vitamin D 23-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-23 of any form of vitamin D.


homoserine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.


dATP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


cone photoresponse recovery

The processes required for a cone photoreceptor to recover, following light activation, so that it can respond to a subsequent light stimulus. Cone recovery requires the shutoff of active participants in the phototransduction cascade, including the visual pigment and downstream signal transducers.


tryparedoxin peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryparedoxin + hydrogen peroxide = tryparedoxin disulfide + H2O.


thioether S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + dimethyl sulfide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylsulfonium.


fatty acid primary amide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform primary fatty amides.


superior salivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


germ-line cyst formation

Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single gonial founder cell.


Delta8-sphingolipid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytosphingosine(1+) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 4-hydroxy-trans-8-sphingenine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


establishment of competence for transformation

The process in which a naturally transformable bacterium acquires the ability to take up exogenous DNA. This term should be applied only to naturally transformable bacteria, and should not be used in the context of artificially induced bacterial transformation.


negative phototaxis

The directed movement of a cell or organism away from a source of light.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-demethylstaurosporine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + staurosporine.


positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


emodin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emodin.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = H+ + N(omega)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + UDP.


negative regulation of mating type switching

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.


annealing activity

An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded polynucleotide molecule.


allose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-allose = ADP + D-allose 6-phosphate.


regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


positive regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.


pyranose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: pyranose + acceptor = 2-dehydropyranose (or 3-dehydropyranose or 2,3-didehydropyranose) + reduced acceptor, and a pyranoside + acceptor = a 3-dehydropyranoside (or 3,4-didehydropyranoside) + reduced acceptor.


outer medullary collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla.


cross bridge formation involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

The process in which actin and myosin interact, split ATP and generate force during skeletal muscle contraction. This process is one of the components of the regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction.


cellular response to carcinoembryonic antigen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carcinoembryonic antigen stimulus. The carcinoembryonic antigens represent a family of glycoproteins.


bisphenol A hydroxylase A activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.


4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + amino group acceptor = succinate semialdehyde + amino acid.


negative regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


carbon-nitrogen ligase activity on lipid II

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + lipid II + ATP + H2O = L-glutamate + beta-D-GlcNAc(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-D-isoGln-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphospho-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenol + ADP + phosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + CoA + H+.


cell dedifferentiation involved in phenotypic switching

A cell dedifferentiation process that is a part of a reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations.


beta-endorphin receptor activity

Combining with beta-endorphin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Beta-endorphin is a peptide, 31 amino acids long, resulting from processing of the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC).


convergent extension involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.


galacturonokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galacturonate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methoxyfuranocoumarin.


linoleate 9R-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = 9(R)-HPODE.


adaxial/abaxial axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


homospermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 putrescine = NH3 + sym-homospermidine.


regulation of maternal process involved in parturition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.


pyoverdine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyoverdine.


cyclohexylsulfamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexylsulfamate, also known as cyclamic acid. Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate (CHS-Na) was a widely used sweetening agent but was banned because of the suspicion of carcinogenicity and metabolic conversion to cyclohexylamine (CHA), a toxic substance. It is now used as a fungicide.


second mitotic wave involved in compound eye morphogenesis

A discrete cell cycle in the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia.


cerebellar Purkinje cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Purkinje cells. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.


angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream.


metanephric early distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.


CoA-glutathione reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glutathione + NADP+ = CoA-glutathione + NADPH + H+.


glutamate-methylamine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + methylammonium = N(5)-methyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


cyclohexanol oxidation

The cyclohexanol metabolic process in which cyclohexanol is converted to adipate.


oospore formation

The process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form an oospore, a thick-walled resting spore of Oomycetes and certain algae and fungi.


taxadiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + taxa-4,11-diene.


scopoletin 8-hydroxylase activity

Catalyzes of the reaction: scopoletin + 2-oxoglutarate+O2=fraxetin +succinate+ CO2).


cuticle pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


RNA guanosine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a guanosine nucleotide.


benzoate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + ATP + amino acid = benzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


metanephric cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros.


galactonolactone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


aerobic organosilicon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the presence of oxygen.


intestinal motility

Contractions of the intestinal tract that include peristalsis (moving contents onward) and non-peristaltic movement (moving contents back and forth).


epidermal growth factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: demethylspheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + spheroidene.


maintenance of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell by rhodopsin mediated signaling

Maintenance of the excited state of a photoreceptor cell to produce a steady-state current as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.


regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


abietadienal hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: abietal + NADPH + O2 <=> abietate + NADP + H2O.


carnitine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-carnitine = L-carnitine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha)-campestan-3-one + NADP = H+ + campest-4-en-3-one + NADPH.


DNA-templated transcription open complex formation

Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


linoleic acid binding

Binding to linoleic acid, the 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid.


flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


regulation of ornithine catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate = phosphate + N-acylneuraminate 9-phosphate.


negative regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.


alkylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


L-phenylalanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-phenylalanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-phenylalanine is 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


ovary septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovary septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovary septum is the thin partition that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s).


2-furoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoyl-CoA + A + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-furoyl-CoA + AH(2) + H+.


regulation of timing of subpallium neuron differentiation

The process controlling the timing and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell in the subpallium acquires features of a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


trichoblast maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trichoblast cell to attain its fully functional state.


chorismate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.


positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.


aerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + phosphate = beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside.


mRNA N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in mRNA + acetyl-CoA + ATP + H2O = ADP + an N(4)-acetylcytidine in mRNA + CoA + H+ + phosphate.


cytoskeletal rearrangement involved in phagocytosis, engulfment

The assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that modulates trichoblast fate specification.


positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein N-methyl-L-glutamine.


carotenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


tri-(feruloyl or hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on triferuloyl spermidine or any of its mono- or di-(hydroxyferuloyl)-spermidine derivatives.


regulation of molecular function

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


intracellular arginine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of arginine within a cell.


establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate + NADH + oxygen + H+ = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + NAD+ + H2O.


limb epidermis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis of the limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium.


selenate adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: selenic acid + ATP + 2 H+ <=> adenylyl selenate + diphosphoric acid.


3-chlorobenzoate-4,5-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-4,5-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


gamma-terpinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = gamma-terpinene + diphosphoric acid.


CP2 mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine phosphate + Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R = Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-6-P-EtN-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R; R is Man-alpha(1,4)-GlcNH2-inositol-PO4-lipid. This reaction is the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to C6 of second mannose in the GPI lipid precursor CP2.


NAD+- protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 4-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-aspartyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.


isoitalicene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> diphosphoric acid + (+)-isoitalicene.


clearance of damaged tissue involved in inflammatory response wound healing

The series of events leading to removal of necrotic debris that contribute to an inflammatory response.


syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate.


protein localization to microtubule organizing center

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microtubule organizing center.


negative regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate + CMP.


actin polymerization-dependent cell migration in host

The directional movement of an organism, usually a bacterial cell, from one place to another within its host organism, by a process involving continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the symbiont cell. Some bacteria use host actin for migration. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.


mesonephric connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NADP+ = 4-methylcatechol + NADPH + H+ + CO2.


glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with the conversion of glutamine to glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC:1.4.1.13).


L-cysteate sulfo-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteate + H2O = NH4 + pyruvate + sulfite.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


lipoprotein localization to membrane

A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.


propanediol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol = H2O + propanal.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with a disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-allose + NAD(P) <=> dTDP-(2R,6S)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-olate + 2 H+ + NAD(P)H.