guanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


deoxyguanosine catabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


hypoxanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


xanthine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


dGMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


negative regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


XCL1_HUMAN Lymphotactin (sprot)

A lymphotactin that is encoded in the genome of human.


mature natural killer cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a mature natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). A mature natural killer cell is a natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class and other stress related molecules.


positive regulation of granzyme B production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.


positive regulation of granzyme A production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granzyme A production.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.


positive regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.


TNFL6_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of calcium ion from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.


positive regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface.


SC6A8_HUMAN Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 (sprot)

A sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


creatine transmembrane transporter activity

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Enables the transfer of creatine from one side of a membrane to the other. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: creatine(out) + Na+(out) = creatine(in) + Na+(in).


creatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


gamma-aminobutyric acid transport

The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


creatine transmembrane transport

The directed movement of creatine across a membrane.


MTR1A_HUMAN Melatonin receptor type 1A (sprot)

A melatonin receptor type 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


melatonin receptor activity

Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin.


organic cyclic compound binding

Binding to an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure.


ATPO_HUMAN ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNJ1_HUMAN ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 (sprot)

An ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNJ4_HUMAN Inward rectifier potassium channel 4 (sprot)

An inward rectifier potassium channel 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNJ6_HUMAN G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 (sprot)

A G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a G protein. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.


CBPA2_HUMAN Carboxypeptidase A2 (sprot)

A carboxypeptidase A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein catabolic process in the vacuole

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.


GRIA4_HUMAN Glutamate receptor 4 (sprot)

A glutamate receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIMS1_HUMAN LIM and senescent cell antigen-like-containing domain protein 1 (sprot)

A LIM and senescent cell antigen-like-containing domain protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GLIP1_HUMAN Glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 (sprot)

A glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SDF1_HUMAN Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (sprot)

A stromal cell-derived factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXCR chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.


telencephalon cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the telencephalon.


CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12 to a C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CXCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


response to ultrasound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultrasonic stimulus.


S6A12_HUMAN Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter (sprot)

A sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


amino acid transmembrane transport

The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane.


glycine betaine transport

The directed movement of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


S6A11_HUMAN Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 (sprot)

A sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC6A9_HUMAN Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 (sprot)

A sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in).


glycine transport

The directed movement of glycine, aminoethanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


glycine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of glycine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


NPBW1_HUMAN Neuropeptides B/W receptor type 1 (sprot)

A neuropeptides B/W receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPBW2_HUMAN Neuropeptides B/W receptor type 2 (sprot)

A neuropeptides B/W receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PPCE_HUMAN Prolyl endopeptidase (sprot)

A prolyl endopeptidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAOX_HUMAN NADP-dependent malic enzyme (sprot)

An NADP-dependent malic enzyme that is encoded in the genome of human.


malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.


CXA8_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-8 protein (sprot)

A gap junction alpha-8 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.


GLRB_HUMAN Glycine receptor subunit beta (sprot)

A glycine receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


GBRA4_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 (sprot)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IREB2_HUMAN Iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 (sprot)

An iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AT5G3_HUMAN ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


T4S4_HUMAN Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 4 (sprot)

A transmembrane 4 L6 family member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A lithostathine-1-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


TFPI2_HUMAN Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (sprot)

A tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LEPR_HUMAN Leptin receptor (sprot)

A leptin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


leptin receptor activity

Combining with the fat-cell specific hormone leptin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


multicellular organism development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


regulation of transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


RFX2_HUMAN DNA-binding protein RFX2 (sprot)

A DNA-binding protein RFX2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RFX3_HUMAN Transcription factor RFX3 (sprot)

A transcription factor RFX3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cilium-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


RFX5_HUMAN DNA-binding protein RFX5 (sprot)

A DNA-binding protein RFX5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PI42A_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alpha (sprot)

A phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


SOX2_HUMAN Transcription factor SOX-2 (sprot)

A transcription factor SOX-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell.


regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.


SOX9_HUMAN Transcription factor SOX-9 (sprot)

A transcription factor SOX-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of immune system process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


heart valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


chondrocyte hypertrophy

The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.


neural crest cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


male germ-line sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.


intrahepatic bile duct development

The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver).


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation

The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in tissue homeostasis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation resulting in the maintenance of a steady-state number of cells within a tissue.


regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


morphogenesis of a branching epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized.


cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


renal vesicle induction

Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle.


ureter urothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter.


ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter.


metanephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.


positive regulation of kidney development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of kidney development. Kidney development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


negative regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.


RXRG_HUMAN Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma (sprot)

A retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


COPD_HUMAN Coatomer subunit delta (sprot)

A coatomer subunit delta that is encoded in the genome of human.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer to attain its fully functional state. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


AL3B2_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2 (sprot)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LSS_HUMAN Lanosterol synthase (sprot)

A lanosterol synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


lanosterol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lanosterol. This is a cyclization reaction that forms the sterol nucleus.


triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


PP2BC_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions.


GSH1_HUMAN Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (sprot)

A glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


cellular response to thyroxine stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


glutamate-cysteine ligase complex

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An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.


GSH0_HUMAN Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (sprot)

A glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding

Binding to the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase.


hepatic stellate cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.


CD151_HUMAN CD151 antigen (sprot)

A CD151 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


PCP4_HUMAN Calmodulin regulator protein PCP4 (sprot)

A calmodulin regulator protein PCP4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway

Any signal transduction pathway involving calmodulin dependent kinase activity.


KCNJ5_HUMAN G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 (sprot)

A G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


GIPR_HUMAN Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (sprot)

A gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity

Combining with gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


glucagon family peptide binding

Binding to a member of the glucagon family peptide hormone (e.g. glucagon, glucagon-like peptides, oxyntomodulin, glicentin, ADCYAP1, GHRH, secretin, VIP, GIP).


KCNC1_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to potassium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


response to nerve growth factor

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


KCNJ3_HUMAN G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 (sprot)

A G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


INAR2_HUMAN Interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 (sprot)

An interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-22 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


NRIP1_HUMAN Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ovarian follicle rupture

Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.


TPC10_HUMAN Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 10 (sprot)

A trafficking protein particle complex subunit 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PSMD8_HUMAN 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 (sprot)

A 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPB4_HUMAN Serpin B4 (sprot)

A serpin B4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPB10_HUMAN Serpin B10 (sprot)

A serpin B10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRC2A_HUMAN Protein PRRC2A (sprot)

A large proline-rich protein BAT2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSHB_HUMAN Glutathione synthetase (sprot)

A glutathione synthetase that is encoded in the genome of human.


TCPE_HUMAN T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon (sprot)

A T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human.


NMU_HUMAN Neuromedin-U (sprot)

A neuromedin-U that is encoded in the genome of human.


type 1 neuromedin U receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 neuromedin U receptor.


type 2 neuromedin U receptor binding

Binding to a type 2 neuromedin U receptor.


PTSS1_HUMAN Phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (sprot)

A phosphatidylserine synthase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine + L-serine <=> L-1-phosphatidylserine + ethanolamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + L-serine = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + choline.


EAA4_HUMAN Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (sprot)

An excitatory amino acid transporter 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


K2C6C_HUMAN Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6C (sprot)

A keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6C that is encoded in the genome of human.


NEST_HUMAN Nestin (sprot)

A nestin that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.


cell projection morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized.


HSP13_HUMAN Heat shock 70 kDa protein 13 (sprot)

A heat shock 70 kDa protein 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GCST_HUMAN Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial (sprot)

An aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.


KC1A_HUMAN Casein kinase I isoform alpha (sprot)

A casein kinase I isoform alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


KC1D_HUMAN Casein kinase I isoform delta (sprot)

A casein kinase I isoform delta that is encoded in the genome of human.


IDHP_HUMAN Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial (sprot)

An isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


PK3CG_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform (sprot)

A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB

A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated regulatory subunit that is larger than, and unrelated to, the p85 proteins present in class IA complexes. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.


PIPNB_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein beta isoform (sprot)

A phosphatidylinositol transfer protein beta isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


phosphatidylcholine transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylcholine from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


sphingomyelin transfer activity

Removes a sphingomyelin from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


MASP1_HUMAN Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 (sprot)

A mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HSP77_HUMAN Putative heat shock 70 kDa protein 7 (sprot)


LHX1_HUMAN LIM/homeobox protein Lhx1 (sprot)

A LIM/homeobox protein Lhx1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ectoderm formation

The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation.


forebrain regionalization

The regionalization process resulting in the creation of areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the forebrain develops.


cerebellar Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The process that mediates the transfer of information from Purkinje cells to granule cell precursors resulting in an increase in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


uterine epithelium development

The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


nephric duct elongation

The process in which the nephric duct grows along its axis. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


paramesonephric duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paramesonephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mullerian ducts (or paramesonephric ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin.


comma-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.


S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the S-shaped body is generated and organized. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.


renal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


metanephric glomerulus development

The progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.


metanephric renal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the posterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


positive regulation of anterior head development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


CCN3_HUMAN CCN family member 3 (sprot)

A protein NOV that is encoded in the genome of human.


smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


negative regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.


B3A3_HUMAN Anion exchange protein 3 (sprot)

An anion exchange protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SL9A3_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


T23O_HUMAN Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (sprot)

A tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine.


response to nitroglycerin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.


TNNI2_HUMAN Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle (sprot)

A troponin I, fast skeletal muscle that is encoded in the genome of human.


AGRE5_HUMAN Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5 (sprot)

An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRPC1_HUMAN Short transient receptor potential channel 1 (sprot)

A short transient receptor potential channel 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate binding

Binding to inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate.


DPOD2_HUMAN DNA polymerase delta subunit 2 (sprot)

A DNA polymerase delta subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRP_HUMAN MARCKS-related protein (sprot)

A MARCKS-related protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


HCAR3_HUMAN Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (sprot)

A hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAXI_HUMAN Paxillin (sprot)

A paxillin that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAMLG_HUMAN Guided entry of tail-anchored proteins factor CAMLG (sprot)

A guided entry of tail-anchored proteins factor CAMLG that is encoded in the genome of human.


NR2C2_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAPK2_HUMAN MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (sprot)

A MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


macropinocytosis

An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.


NPY2R_HUMAN Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 (sprot)

A neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNSL1_HUMAN Deoxyribonuclease-1-like 1 (sprot)

A deoxyribonuclease-1-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AL9A1_HUMAN 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (sprot)

A 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


1-pyrroline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-pyrroline + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 4-trimethylammoniobutanal = NADH + 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate.


PTH2R_HUMAN Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (sprot)

A parathyroid hormone 2 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


RL34_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein eL34 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L34 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TGM4_HUMAN Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 (sprot)

A protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPIT3_HUMAN Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 3 (sprot)

A Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CX3C1_HUMAN CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (sprot)

A CX3C chemokine receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


C-X3-C chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a C-X3-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X3-C chemokine has three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.


CX3C chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CX3C chemokine receptor.


multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and a single dendrite.


regulation of microglial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.


negative regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


dendritic tree

The entire complement of dendrites for a neuron, consisting of each primary dendrite and all its branches.


RPIA_HUMAN Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (sprot)

A ribose-5-phosphate isomerase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


LMAN1_HUMAN Protein ERGIC-53 (sprot)

A protein ERGIC-53 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NRAM1_HUMAN Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (sprot)

A natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


transition metal ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of transition metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


metal cation:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: metal ion(in) + H+(out) = metal ion(out) + H+(in).


manganese ion transport

The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nitrite transport

The directed movement of nitrite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


metal ion transport

The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cadmium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cellular detoxification of cadmium ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium cations in a cell. These include transport of cadmium cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


NRAM2_HUMAN Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (sprot)

A natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cadmium (Cd) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


lead ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lead (Pb) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


lead ion transport

The directed movement of lead (Pb) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


iron import into cell

The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


nickel cation transmembrane transport

The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


paraferritin complex

A cytoplasmic protein complex that contains integrin, mobilferrin and a flavin monooxygenase, is capable of reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II) utilizing NADPH, and is involved in iron transport. Fe(II) is required in the cell as the substrate for ferrochelatase in the synthesis of heme.


MTR1B_HUMAN Melatonin receptor type 1B (sprot)

A melatonin receptor type 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


NASP_HUMAN Nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (sprot)

A nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly

The formation of nucleosomes on newly synthesized DNA, coupled to strand elongation.


FMO5_HUMAN Flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (sprot)

A flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NADPH oxidase H202-forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + O2 = NADP + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


FAS_HUMAN Fatty acid synthase (sprot)

A fatty acid synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].


3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2-hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = tetradecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2,3-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] or 3,4-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + a fatty acid.


phosphopantetheine binding

Binding to phosphopantetheine, the vitamin pantetheine 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate).


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = (2E)-butenoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O +  (2E)-octenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


PO3F4_HUMAN POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 4 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDK8_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FNTA_HUMAN Protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha (sprot)

A protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein farnesyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: farnesyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-farnesyl protein + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


protein farnesylation

The covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to a protein.


positive regulation of tubulin deacetylation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. Tubulin deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid.


positive regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.


A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.


protein farnesyltransferase complex

A protein complex that possesses protein farnesyltransferase activity.


FNTB_HUMAN Protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta (sprot)

A protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHYS_HUMAN Deoxyhypusine synthase (sprot)

A deoxyhypusine synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


deoxyhypusine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine. Four sub-reactions have been identified,in which the intermediates remain tightly associated with the enzyme: spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH; dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + propane-1,3-diamine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + [enzyme]-lysine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + NADH + H+ = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.


spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


spermidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


TCPG_HUMAN T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma (sprot)

A T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


RM19_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein bL19m (sprot)

A 39S ribosomal protein L19, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARRB1_HUMAN Beta-arrestin-1 (sprot)

A beta-arrestin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EFTU_HUMAN Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial (sprot)

An elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMPH_HUMAN Amphiphysin (sprot)

An amphiphysin that is encoded in the genome of human.


AL7A1_HUMAN Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (sprot)

An alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH + H+.


betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.


glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline.


choline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


UB2R1_HUMAN Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R1 (sprot)

A ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of inclusion body assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


INPP_HUMAN Inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (sprot)

An inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


CY561_HUMAN Transmembrane ascorbate-dependent reductase CYB561 (sprot)

A eukaryotic cytochrome b561 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHE4_HUMAN Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


CENPA_HUMAN Histone H3-like centromeric protein A (sprot)

A histone H3-like centromeric protein A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CENP-A containing chromatin assembly

The formation of chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.


CENPF_HUMAN Centromere protein F (sprot)

A centromere protein F that is encoded in the genome of human.


ventricular system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus.


ciliary transition fiber

A nine-bladed, propeller-like protein complex that links the distal end of the basal body and the cilium to the plasma membrane. Functions in protein sorting and gating (i.e. active and passive transport of proteins in and out of the cilium).


SRP09_HUMAN Signal recognition particle 9 kDa protein (sprot)

A signal recognition particle 9 kDa protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of translational elongation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.


UBE2A_HUMAN Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 A (sprot)

A ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 A that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone substrate.


PCY1A_HUMAN Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A (sprot)

A choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + choline phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-choline.


CDP-choline pathway

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.


SYAC_HUMAN Alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (sprot)

An alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


Ser-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala).


alanine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-alanine + tRNA(Ala) = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala).


alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. The alanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetases. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA.


regulation of cytoplasmic translational fidelity

Any process that modulates the ability of the cytoplasmic translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.


SYCC_HUMAN Cysteine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (sprot)

A cysteine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


cysteine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys).


cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. A cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a cysteine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


SYHM_HUMAN Histidine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A histidine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYSC_HUMAN Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (sprot)

A serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


serine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Ser) = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).


selenocysteine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNASec + L-Ser + ATP = Ser-tRNASec + AMP + diphosphate.


selenocysteine incorporation

The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. The seryl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a serine-accetping tRNA.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor production.


PPM1F_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1F (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1F that is encoded in the genome of human.


DGKG_HUMAN Diacylglycerol kinase gamma (sprot)

A diacylglycerol kinase gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


TTPA_HUMAN Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (sprot)

An alpha-tocopherol transfer protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


HXA1_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


optokinetic behavior

The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.


abducens nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


semicircular canal formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the semicircular canal from the otic vesicle. This process begins with the regionalization of the vesicle that specifies the area where the vesicles will form and continues through the process of fusion which forms the initial tubes.


EVX1_HUMAN Homeobox even-skipped homolog protein 1 (sprot)

A homeobox even-skipped homolog protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


spinal cord interneuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A spinal cord interneuron is a CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord.


MA2A2_HUMAN Alpha-mannosidase 2x (sprot)

An alpha-mannosidase 2x that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).


hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing N-glycosyl compounds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any N-glycosyl bond.


PRI1_HUMAN DNA primase small subunit (sprot)

A DNA primase small subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


PRI2_HUMAN DNA primase large subunit (sprot)

A DNA primase large subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of DNA primase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.


CASP4_HUMAN Caspase-4 (sprot)

A caspase-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


non-canonical inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex containing CASP4, known as caspase-11 (Casp11) in mouse, which assembles upon cytosolic lipopolysaccharide-binding and directly activates Gasdermin-D (GSDMD).


KC1E_HUMAN Casein kinase I isoform epsilon (sprot)

A casein kinase I isoform epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human.


STAR_HUMAN Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

A steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXCR3_HUMAN C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 (sprot)

A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRLHR_HUMAN Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (sprot)

A prolactin-releasing peptide receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPR15_HUMAN G-protein coupled receptor 15 (sprot)

A G-protein coupled receptor 15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARL4D_HUMAN ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D that is encoded in the genome of human.


CTCF_HUMAN Transcriptional repressor CTCF (sprot)

A transcriptional repressor CTCF that is encoded in the genome of human.


chromatin insulator sequence binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription.


CEBPA_HUMAN CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (sprot)

A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEBPD_HUMAN CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (sprot)

A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta that is encoded in the genome of human.


PSB3_HUMAN Proteasome subunit beta type-3 (sprot)

A proteasome subunit beta type-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PSB2_HUMAN Proteasome subunit beta type-2 (sprot)

A proteasome subunit beta type-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCM2_HUMAN DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 (sprot)

A DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSP3_HUMAN Thrombospondin-3 (sprot)

A thrombospondin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


COMP_HUMAN Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sprot)

A cartilage oligomeric matrix protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of hemostasis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.


cartilage homeostasis

A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within cartilage, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


ACADV_HUMAN Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.


YLPM1_HUMAN YLP motif-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A YLP motif-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACOT2_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

An acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


VPS41_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endosomal vesicle fusion

The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome.


regulation of SNARE complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


HOPS complex

A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane, late endosomal (multivesicular body) and lysosomal membranes. HOPS is a tethering complex involved in vesicle fusion.


lysosomal HOPS complex

Any HOPS complex that is part of a lysosomal membrane.


TMEDA_HUMAN Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 10 (sprot)

A transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


vesicle cargo loading

The formation of a macromolecular complex between the coat proteins and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.


COPI-coated vesicle budding

The evagination of a Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a COPI-coated vesicle.


vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle

The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


protein localization to ERGIC

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).


cytosol to ERGIC protein transport

The directed movement of proteins from the cystosol to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).


regulation of amyloid-beta formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.


COPI-coated vesicle

A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.


gamma-secretase complex

A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and contains a presenilin catalytic subunit (either PSEN1 or PSEN2), an APH1 subunit (multiple genes and splice variants exist), nicastrin (NCT), and presenilin enhancer (aka PEN-2 or Psenen), as the core complex. Variants of the complex with different subunit compositions differ in localization and specific substrates. Additionally, variants of the complex exist that contain a additional regulatory subunit as well as the four core subunits; known regulatory subunits include gamma-secretase-activating protein (aka gSAP), TMP1 (aka TMED10), and CD147 antigen (aka basigin). Gamma-secretase cleaves type I transmembrane protein substrates, including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.


RBM25_HUMAN RNA-binding protein 25 (sprot)

An RNA-binding protein 25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NUMB_HUMAN Protein numb homolog (sprot)

A protein numb that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuroblast division in subventricular zone

The division of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include adult olfactory bulb interneurons and migrate tangentially.


RGS6_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 6 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLK1_HUMAN Dual specificity protein kinase CLK1 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein kinase CLK1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLK2_HUMAN Dual specificity protein kinase CLK2 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein kinase CLK2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLK3_HUMAN Dual specificity protein kinase CLK3 (sprot)

A dual specificity protein kinase CLK3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLGF_HUMAN Placenta growth factor (sprot)

A placenta growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


VEGFB_HUMAN Vascular endothelial growth factor B (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor B that is encoded in the genome of human.


VEGFC_HUMAN Vascular endothelial growth factor C (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor C that is encoded in the genome of human.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.


PSN1_HUMAN Presenilin-1 (sprot)

A presenilin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.


positive regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


Notch receptor processing

The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.


synaptic vesicle targeting

The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.


amyloid-beta formation

The generation of amyloid-beta by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).


positive regulation of coagulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.


negative regulation of core promoter binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.


EI2BB_HUMAN Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit beta (sprot)

A translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex

A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.


FLT3L_HUMAN Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (sprot)

An fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand that is encoded in the genome of human.


HINT1_HUMAN Adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase HINT1 (sprot)

An adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase HINT1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


deSUMOylase activity

An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves SUMO from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate + H2O = AMP + NH4+. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.


purine ribonucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


protein desumoylation

The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.


TIG1_HUMAN Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 (sprot)

A retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + NH4 = adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate + 2 H+ + sulfate.


adenylylsulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + H2O = AMP + 2 H+ + sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate + H2O = ADP + AMP + 2 H+.


diadenosine triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.


NU153_HUMAN Nuclear pore complex protein Nup153 (sprot)

A nuclear pore complex protein Nup153 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RBP2_HUMAN E3 SUMO-protein ligase RanBP2 (sprot)

An E3 SUMO-protein ligase RanBP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGS19_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 19 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGS3_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 3 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGS4_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGS7_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 7 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PSN2_HUMAN Presenilin-2 (sprot)

A presenilin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of calcium import into the mitochondrion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium import into the mitochondrion.


TSC2_HUMAN Tuberin (sprot)

A tuberin that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSC1-TSC2 complex

A protein complex consisting of at least tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.


NDUV1_HUMAN NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSK3A_HUMAN Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha (sprot)

A glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


negative regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


GSK3B_HUMAN Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (sprot)

A glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


superior temporal gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.


neuron projection organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a neuron, e.g. an axon, or a dendrite.


regulation of microtubule anchoring at centrosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule anchoring at centrosome.


negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


STK19_HUMAN Inactive serine/threonine-protein kinase 19 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase 19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TAF6_HUMAN Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 6 (sprot)

A transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SLIK (SAGA-like) complex

A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains a smaller form of Spt7 (lacking the SPT8 binding region) than the fungal SAGA complex, and consequently lacks Spt8. The complex is involved in the yeast retrograde response pathway, which is important for gene expression changes during mitochondrial dysfunction.


KLK7_HUMAN Kallikrein-7 (sprot)

A kallikrein-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


epidermal lamellar body

A specialized secretory organelle found in keratinocytes and involved in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.


GRAK_HUMAN Granzyme K (sprot)

A granzyme K that is encoded in the genome of human.


ST1E1_HUMAN Sulfotransferase 1E1 (sprot)

A sulfotransferase 1E1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


estrone sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + estrone = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate.


flavonol 3-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3-sulfate.


estrogen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


IOD1_HUMAN Type I iodothyronine deiodinase (sprot)

A type I iodothyronine deiodinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCSP_HUMAN Sperm mitochondrial-associated cysteine-rich protein (sprot)

A sperm mitochondrial-associated cysteine-rich protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


5NTC_HUMAN Cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase (sprot)

A cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleoside phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + a 2'-deoxynucleoside = a nucleoside + a 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate.


dGMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


negative regulation of defense response to virus by host

Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


SPS1_HUMAN Selenide, water dikinase 1 (sprot)

A selenide, water dikinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SEPP1_HUMAN Selenoprotein P (sprot)

A selenoprotein P that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN165_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 165 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 165 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAMP_HUMAN Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (sprot)

A cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytolysis

The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


MTHFS_HUMAN 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase (sprot)

A 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase MTHFS that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + ATP = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


formate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


folic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.


GUAA_HUMAN GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] (sprot)

A GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] that is encoded in the genome of human.


GMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + NH4(+) = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + 2H+.


GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate + 2H+.


DNLI3_HUMAN DNA ligase 3 (sprot)

A DNA ligase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


base-excision repair, DNA ligation

The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair.


negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.


DNLI4_HUMAN DNA ligase 4 (sprot)

A DNA ligase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA ligase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


T cell receptor V(D)J recombination

The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


DNA ligation involved in DNA recombination

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA recombination.


DNA ligation involved in DNA repair

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair.


establishment of integrated proviral latency

A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.


positive regulation of chromosome organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization.


DNA ligase IV complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.


CDN1C_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRE11_HUMAN Double-strand break repair protein MRE11 (sprot)

A double-strand break repair protein MRE11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of mitotic recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


ENTP1_HUMAN Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (sprot)

An ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IDP + H+ + phosphate.


AGTR2_HUMAN Type-2 angiotensin II receptor (sprot)

An angiotensin II receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin

The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.


angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the diameter of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.


brain renin-angiotensin system

The process in which an angiotensin-mediated signaling system present in the brain regulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


regulation of metanephros size

Any process that modulates the size of a metanephric kidney.


KHK_HUMAN Ketohexokinase (sprot)

A ketohexokinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ketohexokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphate.


RET2_HUMAN Retinol-binding protein 2 (sprot)

A retinol-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HNMT_HUMAN Histamine N-methyltransferase (sprot)

A histamine N-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


histamine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + histamine = N(tau)-methylhistamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


histamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


GNAQ_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


GBG4_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GBG10_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IDH3A_HUMAN Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial (sprot)

An isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


MNX1_HUMAN Motor neuron and pancreas homeobox protein 1 (sprot)

A motor neuron and pancreas homeobox protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MEOX1_HUMAN Homeobox protein MOX-1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein MOX-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sclerotome development

The progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.


MEOX2_HUMAN Homeobox protein MOX-2 (sprot)

A homeobox protein MOX-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ST1A1_HUMAN Sulfotransferase 1A1 (sprot)

A sulfotransferase 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ST1A2_HUMAN Sulfotransferase 1A2 (sprot)

A sulfotransferase 1A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


amine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


CRIP1_HUMAN Cysteine-rich protein 1 (sprot)

A cysteine-rich protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP14_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PPOX_HUMAN Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (sprot)

A protoporphyrinogen oxidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 O2 + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H2O2 + protoporphyrin IX.


NPY4R_HUMAN Neuropeptide Y receptor type 4 (sprot)

A neuropeptide Y receptor type 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDIB_HUMAN Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta (sprot)

A Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of protein localization to cilium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.


EMD_HUMAN Emerin (sprot)

An emerin that is encoded in the genome of human.


A multilamellar subcellular structure formed in the cytoplasm of developing neuron, composed of Tmem240 and Emd proteins.


5HT6R_HUMAN 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 (sprot)

A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CPT1A_HUMAN Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform (sprot)

A carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


palmitoleoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), to an acceptor molecule.


GATM_HUMAN Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


creatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle.


amidinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an amidino group to an acceptor.


glycine amidinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + glycine = L-ornithine + guanidinoacetate.


muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


S26A2_HUMAN Sulfate transporter (sprot)

A sulfate transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


SPB8_HUMAN Serpin B8 (sprot)

A serpin B8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPB9_HUMAN Serpin B9 (sprot)

A serpin B9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mast cell mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.


SERPH_HUMAN Serpin H1 (sprot)

A serpin H1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.


LHX2_HUMAN LIM/homeobox protein Lhx2 (sprot)

A LIM/homeobox protein Lhx2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CSRP3_HUMAN Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (sprot)

A cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDLI4_HUMAN PDZ and LIM domain protein 4 (sprot)

A PDZ and LIM domain protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


early endosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome.


recycling endosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a recycling endosome.


F10A1_HUMAN Hsc70-interacting protein (sprot)

An Hsc70-interacting protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


MXI1_HUMAN Max-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

A max-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEX5_HUMAN Peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor (sprot)

A peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


peroxisome targeting sequence binding

Binding to a peroxisomal targeting sequence, a sequence of amino acids within a protein that acts as a signal for the localization of a protein into the peroxisome.


peroxisome matrix targeting signal-1 binding

Binding to a type 1 peroxisome targeting signal, a tripeptide with the consensus sequence (S/A/C)-(K/R/H)-L.


peroxisome membrane targeting sequence binding

Binding to a peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane.


ERF_HUMAN ETS domain-containing transcription factor ERF (sprot)

An ETS domain-containing transcription factor ERF that is encoded in the genome of human.


ETV1_HUMAN ETS translocation variant 1 (sprot)

An ETS translocation variant 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mechanosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus.


VASP_HUMAN Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (sprot)

A vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ASCL1_HUMAN Achaete-scute homolog 1 (sprot)

An achaete-scute homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


noradrenergic neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


noradrenergic neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron.


neuroblast fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


subpallium neuron fate commitment

The process in which in the subpallium, the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


regulation of timing of subpallium neuron differentiation

The process controlling the timing and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell in the subpallium acquires features of a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


ventral spinal cord interneuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a ventral spinal cord interneuron. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.


lung neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the lung epithelium.


stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the stomach epithelium.


carotid body glomus cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a glomus cell of the carotid body. The carotid body is a specialized chemosensory organ that helps respond to hypoxia.


adrenal chromaffin cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an adrenal chromaffin cell. An adrenal chromaffin cell is a neuroendocrine cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles.


cellular response to magnetism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


DYN2_HUMAN Dynamin-2 (sprot)

A dynamin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


actin filament bundle organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle.


vesicle scission

The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a vesicle, leading to separation from its parent membrane. Vesicle scission involves the constriction of a neck-forming protein complex, consisting e.g. of dynamin, around the budded membrane, leading to vesicle closure during its separation from the parent membrane.


MAP2_HUMAN Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (sprot)

A methionine aminopeptidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


initiator methionyl aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the release of N-terminal initiator methionine from peptides.


N-terminal protein amino acid modification

The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


AP4A_HUMAN Bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical] (sprot)

A bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical] that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate + H2O = 2 ADP + 2 H+.


TNF10_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TUB_HUMAN Tubby protein homolog (sprot)

A tubby protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


receptor localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a receptor is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


CDK7_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex

A cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase complex capable of activating cyclin-dependent kinases by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle progression. consists of a kinase, cyclin and optional assembly factors, in human CDK7, CCNH and MNAT1. CAK activity is itself regulated throughout the cell cycle by T-loop phosphorylation of its kinase component (CDK7 in human). Phosphorylation of serine residues during mitosis inactivates the enzyme. Also capable of CAK phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and other transcription activating proteins, as part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.


transcription factor TFIIK complex

A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin28p/CDK7.


TOB1_HUMAN Protein Tob1 (sprot)

A protein Tob1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction.


BPL1_HUMAN Biotin--protein ligase (sprot)

A biotin--protein ligase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase) = AMP + diphosphate + (methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase).


biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).


biotin-protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + protein = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-protein.


KNTC1_HUMAN Kinetochore-associated protein 1 (sprot)

A kinetochore-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RASF2_HUMAN Ras association domain-containing protein 2 (sprot)

A Ras association domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDK9_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.