homoserine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + NADP+ = L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde + NADPH + H+.


regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


URM1 ligase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S = X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


thymocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


pentaerythritol trinitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = NADP+ + nitrate + pentaerythritol dinitrate.


ribonuclease U2 activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Ap or Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


cell wall disassembly involved in floral organ abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.


guanosine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).


cyclodextrin binding

Binding to cyclodextrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-.


regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyethylbenzene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate.


regulation of cell wall macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell wall macromolecule metabolism. Cell wall macromolecule metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.


Catalysis of the reaction 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate = pyruvate + (S)-lactaldehyde.


tensidol A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol A.


allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.


extensin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.


rebaudioside B glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: rebaudioside B + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rebaudioside A + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


mechanoreceptor differentiation involved in mechanosensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


RAM/MOR signaling pathway

An intracellular signaling pathway that regulates interphase polarized growth and cell separation at the end of cytokinesis through activation of the NDR1/2-related kinase.


positive regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.


protein-serine epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (protein)-L-serine = (protein)-D-serine.


intracellular histidine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of histidine within a cell.


Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to the mannose(beta-1,4)Glc disaccharide core of glycolipids.


maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione = 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione.


vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n).


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.


stomatal movement

The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).


cytosine binding

Binding to cytosine.


maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


positive regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


positive regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


The methylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-tyrosine.


negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


DNA recombinase disassembly

The disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent strand exchange proteins (recombinases).


mesonephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


chloroplast disassembly

The disaggregation of a chloroplast into its constituent components.


regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = malate + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucarolactone + sinapoyl-CoA = O-sinapoylglucarolactone + CoA.


N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine

The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,3'-disulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + CDP-ethanolamine = L-serine-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = 2-(E)-O-feruloyl-D-galactarate + CoA.


xylem vessel member cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened.


perianth development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the perianth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The perianth is a collective phyllome structure composed of two or more petals, sepals, or tepals.


eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 6C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP + H+.


regulation of phospholipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + O2 + H2O = HCl + 2 H+ + 2-chloromaleylacetate.


reductive pentose-phosphate cycle

The fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as glucose in the chloroplasts of C3 plants; uses ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions of photosynthesis; carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (catalyzed by the function of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate; these are then phosphorylated by ATP to 1,3-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde which, in turn, is then reduced by NADPH to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to fructose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate by aldolase and other enzymes; the ribulose 5-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


regulation of transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron located in the hypothalamus. These neurons release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone as a neural transmitter.


plant ovule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid.


gametophyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


negative regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


undecan-2-one metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving undecan-2-one.


positive regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation that is involved in phenotypic switching.


chlorophyllide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllides, any chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


betaine aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine aldehyde.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + UDP-D-glucose = 5'-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine + H+ + UDP.


protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate.


fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fluconazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.


tail spike morphogenesis

The process in which the nematode tail spike is generated and organized. An example of this process is seen in C. elegans, where the tapered tail spike is formed during embryogenesis by a filamentous process that passes posteriorly through hyp10, the tail ventral hypodermis; the filamentous process is formed by a binucleate cell, the tail-spike cell, that subsequently undergoes programmed cell death.


nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of austinol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.


germacrene A acid 8beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 8beta-hydroxy-germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADP + H2O.


positive regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


positive regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-threo-aldose + NAD+ = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + NADH.


positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.


femoral head articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of femoral head articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-glucose + diphosphate.


transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding

Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein.


response to boron-containing substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.


tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(n+1) + phosphate = tRNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.


pyridoxine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylpropionitrile + O2 + NADPH <=> 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile + NADP + H2O.


DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication

Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA.


3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + HBr.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formiminopyruvate + formate.


pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


DNA-templated transcriptional start site selection

Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chlorobenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + chloride + NAD+ + CO2.


floral whorl formation

The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


protein localization to cortical endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cortical endoplasmic reticulum.


glycine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NH3 + NADH.


positive regulation of metula development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-alanyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Ala).


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.


galactomannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


mesenchymal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.


histone deubiquitinase activity

A deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone protein to which it is conjugated.


emericellin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellin.


atrichoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.


3-chlorobenzoate-3,4-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-3,4-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


high-affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


anther wall tapetum cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


methanophenazine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanophenazine.


archaeal or bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to movement of bacterial- or archaeal-type flagella.


regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


homophytochelatin synthase activity (polymer-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine = glycine + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine.


cellular response to nitrogen dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.


leaf formation

The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH4 + oxaloacetate.


chlorite O2-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chloride + O2 = chlorite.


formylaspartate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-aspartate + H2O = formate + L-aspartate.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


positive regulation of actin filament-based movement

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.


regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


cell communication involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


maintenance of viral latency

The perpetuation of a latent state, generally by repressing the viruses own lytic genes expression and ensuring expression of viral genes which function to keep the viral genome from being detected by the host defense mechanisms.


RNA capping

The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of nascent RNA polymerase transcripts. Examples of RNA capping include 7-methyl-G caps found on all RNA polymerase II transcripts and nucleotide-containing cofactor caps, such as NAD(H) or FAD, found on bacterial trancripts.


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular modified histidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


oogonium stage

The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.


Catalysis of the reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + light.


negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


benzonitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin.


beta-zeacarotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-zeacarotene.


P-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(out).


phenylethylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


positive regulation of sterol import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.


anterior midgut invagination

Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA.


origin recognition complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an origin recognition complex.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


pronephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric nephron are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


tRNA adenosine deamination to inosine

The removal of an amine group from an adenosine to produce inosine within a tRNA molecule.


regulation of leaf development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl (3-carboxypropanoyl) group to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.


tyramine N-feruloyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine.


negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


ground meristem histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.


lagging strand initiation

The process in which the synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction is started.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-aspartate = L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate.


xylem development

The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.


purine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a purine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


regulation of aorta morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + D-glutamate.


organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


amidinoaspartase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-amidino-L-aspartate + H2O = L-aspartate + urea.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.


pheromone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


glyoxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD(P)+ = glyoxylate + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


thiosulfate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 ferricytochrome c = tetrathionate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.


transmitter-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


negative regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


ventral cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms.


Catalysis of the reaction: dichloroacetate + H2O = 2 HCl + glyoxylate.


complement component C1q receptor activity

Combining with the C1q complex, a component of the classical complement cascade, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


coronary sinus valve development

The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of signaling

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


central nervous system structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, internal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of internal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has an internal C=S bond, instead of an internal C=O bond, in the peptide.


establishment of left sidedness

The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism that established the pattern characteristic to its left side.


insect visual primordium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


histone H4S1 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H4-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H4.


9,10-epoxystearate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 9,10-epoxystearate + O2 + NADPH <=> 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + H2O + NADP.


morphine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucuronide(out) + monovalent cation(out) = glucuronide(in) + monovalent cation(in).


farnesol 2-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesol.


antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.


embryonic root morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-sulfopropanediol(1-) + NAD <=> 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-propane-1-sulfonate + NADH + H+.


maintenance of RNA location

Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.


novofumigatonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety.


positive regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


galactose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose (out) = galactose(in).


isochorismate pyruvate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isochorismate = salicylate + pyruvate.


ovarian fusome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.


regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm.


chemorepulsion of serotonergic neuron axon

The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid.


metanephric renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the metanephros.


ventral tegmental area development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventral tegmental area (VTA) over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events.


lactoferrin receptor activity

Combining with lactoferrin and delivering lactoferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which binds ferric iron most efficiently at low pH.


negative regulation of sterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


root epidermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.


azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid + acetyl-CoA = CoA-SH + N-acetyl azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of trichome morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome morphogenesis.


negative regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a compound eye cone cell.


ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-isokaurene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-2alpha-hydroxyisokaurene + H2O + NADP+.


aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in trans-synaptic signaling

Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.


negative regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


homogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


response to temozolomide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temozolomide stimulus.


C-C chemokine receptor CCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy

A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances the activation of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


TTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.


GGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGA codon.


glutarate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + glutarate = ADP + glutaryl-CoA + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropyldeethylatrazine + H2O = 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(5)-[1(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-ornithine + H2O + NADP+ = L-ornithine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.


cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain, proceeding through regions of multiple repeated proline codons, during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


regulation of eosinophil migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


nicotinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ + nicotinate = 6-hydroxynicotinate + H+ + NADPH.


negative regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: a lipopolysaccharide + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = a heptosylated lipopolysaccharide + ADP + H+.


heart rudiment development

The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.


trinitrophenol hydride denitratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex = 2,4-dinitrophenol + nitrite. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP.


peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine.


C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 7 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


tyrocidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrocidine.


regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


3-sulfino-L-alanine binding

Binding to 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteine sulfinate).


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.


positive regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.


lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-D-glucose = D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.


regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.


positive regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glucuronoxylan D-glucuronate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronate.


N-malonylurea hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate + H2O = H+ + malonate + urea.


response to desiccation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.


disruption of extracellular matrix of another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix of another organism.


complement component C3dg receptor activity

Combining with the C3dg product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


type III hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting from recognition of immune complexes via complement or Fc receptors on effector cells leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes and damage to bystander tissue.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cytosine(out) + H+(out) = cytosine(in) + H+(in).


RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template.


cellular response to haloperidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.


negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


sulfate adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group from an adenosine nucleotide (ATP or ADP) to sulfate, forming adenylylsulfate.


dimethyl selenide methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dimethyl selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylselenonium.


adult fat body development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Larval fat body cells that remain at eclosion degenerate in the first 2 to 4 days of adult life, leaving behind the smaller cells of the adult fat body.


response to chromate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.


hyoscyamine (6S)-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-hyoscyamine + O2 = (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + CO2 + succinate.


ocellus photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a photoreceptor cell found in the ocellus.


protein methylthiotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a [ribosomal protein S12] L-aspartate89 + a sulfurated [sulfur carrier] + a reduced electron acceptor = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 H+ + a [ribosomal protein S12] 3-methylthio-L-aspartate89 + an unsulfurated [sulfur carrier] + an oxidized electron acceptor.


egg deposition

The multicellular organismal reproductive process that results in the movement of an egg from within an organism into the external environment.


effector-mediated suppression of host defense response

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the supression of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


modulation of relaxation of muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of muscle in a second organism.


regulation of sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp development. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


maintenance of left sidedness

The organization process that preserves the left sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cysteine transaminase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine transaminase.


gellan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gellan = n beta-D-4-deoxy-delta4,5-GlcAp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-beta-D-Glcp. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate bonds of gellan backbone, releasing tetrasaccharides containing a 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-glucopyranosyluronic acid at the non-reducing end; in the product, the abbreviations are D-glucose (Glc), D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and L-rhamnose (Rha).


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1) + fructose.


mineralocorticoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


molting cycle

The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-nitrodimethylamine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = N-nitromethylamine + formaldehyde + H2O.


pentadecane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadecane.


AAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAC codon.


dalcochinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dalcochinin-8'-O-beta-glucoside + H2O <=> dalcochinin + D-glucopyranose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + L-glutamate + H2O + H+.


carnitine-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-carnitine + CoA + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + D-carnitinyl-CoA.


peroxide sensor activity

Binding to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule.


endosulfan ether monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan ether + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan hydroxyether + H2O.


positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


neurotransmitter-mediated guidance of interneurons involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration

The response of migrating interneurons to neurotransmitters that alter electrical activity in cells in calcium dependent manner.


N-terminal protein lipidation

The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the amino terminus of a protein.


positive adaptation of signaling pathway

The positive regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


keto acid formate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA = propionyl-CoA + formate.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-zeatin + H+ + UDP.


ketotetrose-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythrulose 1-phosphate = formaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.


trans-cinnamate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-cinnamate + ATP + CoA = (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


baicalin beta-D-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: baicalin + H2O = baicalein + D-glucuronate.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


deethylatrazine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deethylatrazine + O2 = 2 CH3COCH3 + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.


metestrus

The estrous cycle phase in which there is subsiding follicular function.


negative regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


positive regulation of encysted zoospore germination

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination.


aristolochene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a intermediate mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


apiose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.


larval burrowing behavior

Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin = acrylate + dimethyl sulfide + H+.


hydroxylamine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + H2O + acceptor = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor.


catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.


stachyose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 raffinose <=> stachyose + sucrose.


temporomandibular joint articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of temporomandibular joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proboscis morphogenesis, clypeo-labral disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-hydroxygeranial + NADP <=> (6E)-8-oxogeranial + NADPH + H+.


organotin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organotin, an organic compound containing a tin atom.


termination of T cell signal transduction

The signaling process in which T cell signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.


24-ethylidenelophenol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-ethylidenelophenol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate.


plant epidermis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the plant epidermis are generated and organized.


trans-zeatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.


superior colliculus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior colliculus is also known as the optic tectum or simply tectum and is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + dimethylsulfonioacetate = (methylthio)acetate + L-methionine + H+.


cellular response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells

Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa.


3-sulfolactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate + NAD+ = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


cystathionine gamma-synthase activity (acts on O-phosphohomoserine)

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O-phosphonato-L-homoserine = L-cystathionine + hydrogenphosphate.


peptidyl-proline di-hydroxylation

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methylpseudouridine.


metanephric podocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


cytochrome c biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytochrome c.


interleukin-28B production

The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


furylfuramide isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide = (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide.


accessory nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the accessory nerve is generated and organized. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that reduces the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (20S)-protopanaxadiol + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ <=> protopanaxatriol + NADP + H2O.


regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.


response to diterpene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.


cinnamic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


hippocampal interneuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal interneuron.


L-lysine efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-lysine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + oxomalonate = aminomalonate + pyruvate.


sternite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the sternite are generated and organized. The sternite is the plate or sclerite on the underside of a body segment.


(R)-mevalonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-mevalonic acid.


indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


septum primum development

The progression of the septum primum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.


mannitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mannitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + isobutyrate.


lipoprotein carrier activity

Binding to and carrying a lipoprotein between two different cellular locations by moving along with the target lipoprotein.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = biphenyl-2,3-diol + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


putrescine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine = N-methylputrescine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


low-affinity IgA receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in nitriles

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a nitrile, a compound containing the cyano radical, -CN.


Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of cellotriose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


ABC-type D-galactofuranose transporter

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactofuranose + ATP + H2O <=> alpha-D-galactofuranose + hydrogenphosphate + ADP + H+.


regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.


establishment of septation initiation network asymmetry

The septation initiation signaling process by which the activity of the septation initiation network (SIN) is activated asymmetrically on the spindle pole bodies.


regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


carbapenem biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbapenem.


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + sn-glycerol-1-phosphate = NAD(P)H + H+ + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate.


xylulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate.


helvolic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of helvolic acid.


tetrose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


4-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


tocopherol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol.


regulation of encysted zoospore germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an encysted zoospore germination.


cellular response to tropane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.


butirosin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving butirosin.


negative regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


gibberellin A4 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 16alpha,17-epoxy gibberellin A4 + H2O + NAD(P).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ergosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-ergosterol.


vicianin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-vicianin + H2O = mandelonitrile + vicianose.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.


histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me2.


protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton.


negative regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.


ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a phosphoric ester bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.


negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


phenazine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenazine antibiotic, a polycyclic pyrazine with two nitrogen atoms in the ring.


modulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility

The process in which an organism effects a change in the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


stress response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a metal ion stimulus.


L-sorbose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.


peptidyl-lysine guanylylation

The guanylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine.


negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


isonocardicin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nocardicin E = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+ + isonocardicin A.


cellular response to cycloalkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.


macromolecule modification

The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.


cellular response to freezing

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.


xylose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose = D-xylulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + ponciretin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing S-S bonds

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more sulfur-sulfur bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.


perchlorate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perchlorate + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chlorate + H2O.


pertubation of host canonical NF-kappaB cascade

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a canonical NF-kappaB-mediated signaling cascade in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


taxis to electron acceptor

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an alternative electron acceptor, for example, nitrate.


GUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUG codon.


regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


carveol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,5R)-carveol + NADP+ = (R)-carvone + H+ + NADPH.


Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


metanephric tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.


left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


cardiac septum cell differentiation

The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum.


vasodilation involved in acute inflammatory response

An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


lactoyl-CoA dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.


MHC protein complex binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex.


FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione + NADH + H+ + O2 <=> 5-hydroxyisouric acid + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of somatostatin secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


icosanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of icosanoid.


lipopolysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lipopolysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


negative regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


D-leucine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-leucine.


peptidyl-tyrosine modification

The modification of peptidyl-tyrosine.


acetate fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


anthocyanin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins that occur in plants. They are responsible from most of the scarlet, purple, mauve and blue coloring in higher plants, especially of flowers.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host reactive oxygen species generation

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the host signal transduction pathways leading to the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


substituted mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannan backbone composed of D-mannose unites, substituted with D-glucose and/or D-galactose units.


DIF dechlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one => 1-[(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one + Cl-.


detection of maltose stimulus

The series of events in which a maltose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 2,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via gene conversion

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through gene conversion.


ADP-thymidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + thymidine = AMP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.


regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose + 2-oxoglutarate = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose + L-glutamate.


positive regulation of maltotriulose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.


aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite via pyruvic oxime

The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxylamine is produced enzymatically, and, in the presence of pyruvate, forms pyruvic oxime in a spontaneous, non-enzymatic reaction; pyruvic oxime is then converted to nitrite.


O-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


nuclear capsid assembly

The assembly of a virus capsid that occurs in the nucleus. The assembly of large icosahedral shells for herpesviridae and adenoviridae requires structural proteins that act as chaperones for assembly.


gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala) = UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-N6-(L-alanyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + tRNA(Ala).


detection of folic acid

The series of events in which a folic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of septation initiation signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine.


hexitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexitol + acceptor = hexose + reduced acceptor.


negative regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


negative regulation of defense response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


histone succinylation

The modification of a histone by the addition of an succinyl group.


interferon-epsilon production

The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to cyclopentenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


H1 histone chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H1 histone.


haltere development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings.


homoserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


zygotene

The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.


5-aminolevulinate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ammoniolevulinate + coenzyme A + ATP <=> 5-aminolevulinyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


regulation of granulocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide.


left horn of sinus venosus development

The progression of the left horn of the sinus venosus from its initial formation to the mature structure.


copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: copal-8-ol diphosphate <=> 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O.


UDP-D-glucose:delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside -O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside <=> H+ + delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + UDP.


tiggrin receptor activity

Combining with the extracellular matrix ligand tiggrin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.


positive regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development

Any G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in dauer larval development.


rolling circle viral DNA replication

A process of unidirectional viral DNA replication that takes place on a circular DNA to rapidly produce numerous copies of the viral genome. Involves creating a nick in one strand of the circular DNA molecule at the origin of replication. DNA is then synthesized by DNA polymerase. Using the non-nicked strand as a template, replication proceeds around the circular DNA molecule, displacing the nicked strand as single-stranded DNA.


suppression by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


maltose glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maltose = 2 glucose.


negative regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching

Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.


negative regulation of microglia differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


light-independent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the absence of light.


response to strigolactone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + NAD+ = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + NADH + H+.


negative energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


callose deposition in cell wall

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + O2 = 5-(3-carboxylato-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)-4,6-dihydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate + H+.


seed maturation

A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.


p-benzoquinone reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-benzoquinone + H+ + NADPH = hydroquinone + NADP+.


response to candesartan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a candesartan stimulus.


response to asparaginase

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an asparaginase stimulus.


cell proliferation involved in pronephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the pronephros.


establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.


positive regulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to norepinephrine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


ascaroside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascaroside.


arginine N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + L-arginine = CoA + N2-succinyl-L-arginine.


sterigmatocystin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


cardiac endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


nucleoside oxidase (hydrogen peroxide-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: adenosine + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + 2 hydrogen peroxide.


cutin-based cuticle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cutin-based cuticle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cutin-based cuticle is an extracellular structure composed of a covalently linked macromolecular scaffold of cutin and a variety of organic solvent-soluble lipids that are collectively termed waxes. Such structures are found on the external face of polysaccharide cell walls in land plants.


anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzene-1,2,4-triol + O2 = 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate.


terpene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.


acetylenic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetylenic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C).


morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.


oral incubation

A parental behavior in which fertilized eggs are taken into the mouth and held until hatching.


chondrocyte activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.


butanediol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.