beta-phosphoglucomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactopyranose = UDP-D-galacto-1,4-furanose.


double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The outer of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


double membrane vesicle viral factory membrane

One of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


double membrane vesicle viral factory inner membrane

The inner of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


5-aminovalerate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 5-aminopentanoate = 5-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxy benzoate = 2-octaprenylphenol + CO2.


regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


negative regulation of response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


negative regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


positive regulation of response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


iridosome

A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Iridosomes are synthesized in iridophore cells and are silver, gold or iridescent in appearance.


polyphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


prophage integrase activity

Catalysis of the integration of prophage DNA into a target DNA molecule, usually a bacterial chromosome, via a sequence-specific recombination event which involves the formation of an intasome, a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricin <=> H+ + coenzyme A(4-) + N-acetylphosphinatothricinate.


vesicle fusion with peroxisome

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the peroxisome.


protein localization to peroxisome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome.


glyoxysome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.


peroxisome inheritance

The acquisition of peroxisomes by daughter cells from the mother cell after replication. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the number of peroxisomes cells is fairly constant; a subset of the organelles are targeted and segregated to the bud in a highly ordered, vectorial process. Efficient segregation of peroxisomes from mother to bud is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, and active movement of peroxisomes along actin filaments is driven by the class V myosin motor protein, Myo2p.


TTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.


glycine formimidoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + glycine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoylglycine.


establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification or formation of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth pattern that regulates the shape of a cell.


female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.


symmetric division of skeletal muscle satellite stem cell

The symmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell, resulting in two skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. This process is involved in amplification of the pool of these cells.


asymmetric stem cell division

Division of a stem cell during which it retains its identity and buds off a daughter cell with a new identity.


skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division

The asymmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell to produce two daughter cells, one of which is destined to differentiate and the other to be a quiescent cell that restocks the satellite cell pool.


male germline stem cell symmetric division

The symmetric division of a male germline stem cell to produce two male germline stem cells. An example of this is found in mammalian spermatogonial stem cells, some proportion of which divide symmetrically, so amplifying the population. The choice between asymmetric and symmetric division in this case appears to be internal and stochastic.


female germline stem cell symmetric division

Division of a female germline stem cell to produce two germline stem cells of the same type as the parent.


germline stem cell symmetric division

Division of a germline stem cell to produce two germline stem cells of the same type as the parent.


symmetric stem cell division

Symmetric division of a stem cell to produce two stem cells of the same type as the parent. Symmetric stem cell division is necessary for amplification of stem cell populations in the absence of sources of stem cells external to an existing population.


skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Skeletal muscle satellite cell asymmetric division that occurs during a process in which damaged muscle tissue is being rebuilt.


germline stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell which will divide to form one or more gametes.


plastid envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


chloroplast envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


amyloplast envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the amyloplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


etioplast envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the etioplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


chromoplast envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chromoplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


cyanelle envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the cyanelle and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


denitrification pathway

The reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen by four reactions; each intermediate is transformed to the next lower oxidation state; also part of cellular bioenergetics; the nitrogen compounds can serve as terminal acceptors for electron transport phosphorylation in place of oxygen.


dorsolateral trunk neural crest cell migration

The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling dorso-laterally into the ectoderm and continuing toward the ventral midline of the belly. These migrating trunk neural crest cells become melanocytes, the melanin-forming pigment cells.


mesenchymal cell migration involved in limb bud formation

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of a limb bud.


neural crest cell migration involved in sympathetic nervous system development

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in sympathetic nervous system development.


octopamine receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine octopamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Octopamine is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates and can have properties both of a hormone and a neurotransmitter and acts as an adrenergic agonist.


N-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichloroaniline + malonyl-CoA = N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)malonamate + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + malonyl-CoA = N(2)-malonyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + malonyl-CoA = N-malonylanthranilate + CoA.


peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine.


cyclohexylamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexylamine + O2 + H2O = cyclohexanone + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + UDP-D-glucose = a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


L-mimosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxypyridine + O-acetyl-L-serine = 3-(3,4-dihydroxypyridinium-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.


4-oxalmesaconate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + H2O.


CCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCU codon.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H+.


axon collateral

Any of the smaller branches of an axon that emanate from the main axon cylinder.


recurrent axon collateral

Axon collateral that ramifies in the area of the soma of the cell of origin.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate + H2O + NAD+ = (S)-5-amino-3-oxo-hexanoate + H+ + NADH + NH4.


initiation of appressorium formation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.


cellular response to methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


magnetoreception by sensory perception of chemical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a chemical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders use a 'chemical compass': chemical reactions that involve transitions between different spin states can be influenced by magnetic fields and by detecting the different product ratios, these organisms can perceive the direction of the magnetic field. The mechanism by which this is detected is not certain but it may also involve light stimuli.


chlororespiration

A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool.


negative regulation of stomatal opening

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.


negative regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


benzoyl acetate-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl acetyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA.


positive regulation of stress response to copper ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.


motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex

The interaction of soluble factors and receptors that result in the movement of cells in the primitive cerebral cortex.


neurotransmitter signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Signaling by neurotransmitters and their receptors that results in the initiation of movement of cells as a component of the process of glial-mediated radial migration.


neurotrophic factor signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Signaling between members of the neurotrophin family and their receptors that result in the start of cell motility as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.


growth factor signaling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Signaling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the start of cell movement, where this process is involved in glial-mediated radial migration in the cerebral cortex.


hydrogenase activity (NAD+, ferredoxin)

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dihydrogen + NAD + 2 an oxidized ferredoxin = NADH + 3 H+ + 2 a reduced ferredoxin.


glutathione hydrolase complex

Enzyme complex that in S. cerevisiae has components Dug2/Dug3 and is able to catalyze the cleavage of glutathione into glutamate and Cys-Gly.


regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.


positive regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.


phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + phenylglyoxylate.


cellular response to diterpene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.


ATP dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delta(2)-isopentenyl diphosphate + ATP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate.


synaptic vesicle, resting pool

A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that remain unreleased even after prolonged stimulation causes a saturating degree of vesicular turnover. 50-80% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this pool.


thebane O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> oripavine + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


protein localization to old growing cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an old growing cell tip.


protein localization to growing cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a growing cell tip.


protein localization to new growing cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a new growing cell tip.


diazepam binding

Binding to diazepam, one of the most widely used benzodiazepine drugs. It is used as an anti-anxiety-hypnotic agent and has the proprietary name Valium.


DMNT synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (3S,6E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 <=> (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene + buten-2-one + NADP + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


AMP nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = D-ribose 5-phosphate + adenine.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


lateral pseudopodium assembly

The extension of a pseudopodium from the lateral area of a cell.


mating projection formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell projection in response to mating pheromone. This process is observed in unicellular fungi.


endothelial tip cell filopodium assembly

The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the endothelial tip cell of a vascular sprout.


uropod assembly

The assembly of a uropod by rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.


lamellipodium assembly involved in mesendodermal cell migration

Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self-propelled movement of a mesendodermal cell.


extension of leading cell process to pial surface

The extension of a long process to the pial surface as a cell leaves the ventricular zone.


cytoneme assembly

Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.


compound eye cone cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene + NADPH + O2 = NADP+ + OH- + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate.


negative regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of B-1 B cell differentiation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment

A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.


3',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to 3',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 3',5' linkages.


regulation of coreceptor activity

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity, combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.


regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.


negative regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.


(-)-pinoresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-pinoresinol.


lignan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


lignan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-pinoresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin.


(-)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-lariciresinol.


(-)-lariciresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-lariciresinol.


lignan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


(-)-lariciresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-lariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-pinoresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-pinoresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-lariciresinol.


(-)-pinoresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-pinoresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-lariciresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-lariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-larreatricin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-larreatricin.


(-)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-pinoresinol.


acyl coenzyme A: isopenicillin N acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O <=> H+ + coenzyme A + penicillin K + L-2-aminoadipate.


regulation of branching involved in mammary cord morphogenesis by fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching of the mammary gland cord as a result of a signal being created by a mammary fat precursor cell and its subsequent reception and interpretation by a mammary cord epithelial cell.


lateral root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


post-embryonic root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


detection of phosphate ion

The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


endocardial endothelium development

The progression of the endocardial endothelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


galactarate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


Bolwig's organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Bolwig's organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.


pyrrolysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


interleukin-31 production

The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


positive regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2 NADPH + 2 O2 + 2 H+ <=> (E)-phenylacetaldehyde oxime + 2 NADP + 3 H2O + carbon dioxide.


RNA exonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


exodeoxyribonuclease VII activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphomononucleotides.


exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


exoribonuclease H activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 5'-phosphomonoester oligonucleotides in both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions.


ribonuclease D activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage that removes extra residues from the 3'-terminus of tRNA to produce 5'-mononucleotides.


exodeoxyribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.


3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in mature miRNA 3'-end processing

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA.


DNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


D-tyrosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-tyrosine.


D-tyrosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-tyrosine.


epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches.


tetracenomycin B3 8-O-methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetracenomycin B3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> tetracenomycin E + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of molecular function

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


positive regulation of glucosylceramidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.


positive regulation of collagen binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


positive regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


positive regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


positive regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


positive regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


positive regulation of pyruvate kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.


positive regulation of recombination hotspot binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.


positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


positive regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


positive regulation of water channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


positive regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


positive regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


positive regulation of polysome binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.


positive regulation of molecular function in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


positive regulation of urease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.


positive regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


positive regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.


positive regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency

Any positive regulation of water channel activity that is involved in maintenance of lens transparency.


positive regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


positive regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


positive regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of isomerase activity

Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


positive regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


positive regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


positive regulation of transferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.


positive regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


positive regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


positive regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


positive regulation of lipid binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


positive regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


positive regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


positive regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


positive regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

A negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that positively_regulates spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


D-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-arabinonate + H+.


pheophorbidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a.


Gly-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Gly-tRNA(Ala).


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.


acetylajmaline esterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate.


pectinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.


tropinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atropine + H2O = H+ + tropate + tropine.


acetylxylan esterase activity

Catalysis of the deacetylation of xylans and xylo-oligosaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


fusarinine-C ornithinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N5-acyl-L-ornithine ester + H2O = N5-acyl-L-ornithine + an alcohol.


steroid-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + testololactone = H+ + testolate.


aclacinomycin A methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin A + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-aclacinomycin A + methanol + H+.


acylcarnitine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acylcarnitine + H2O = a fatty acid + L-carnitine.


triacetate-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + triacetate lactone = triacetate.


L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate 6-phosphate + H2O = 3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate.


juvenile-hormone esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.


endosulfan lactone lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+.


Catalysis of the removal of acetylesters (as acetate) from galacturonic acid residues in the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan.


Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.


1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,4-lactone = a 4-hydroxyacid.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate + H2O = 2-ethylhexan-1-ol + 2-ethylhexyl phthalate + H+.


orsellinate-depside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + orsellinate depside = 2 o-orsellinate + H+.


feruloyl esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-polysaccharide + H2O = ferulate + polysaccharide.


cephalosporin-C deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cephalosporin C + H2O = acetate + deacetylcephalosporin C + H+.


primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite = H+ + methanol + O13(4)-desmethyl pFCC.


6-acetylglucose deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-acetyl-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + acetate + H+.


tannase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: digallate + H2O = 2 gallate + H+.


cetraxate benzylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl cetraxate + H2O = benzyl alcohol + cetraxate + H+.


Ala-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ala-tRNA(Pro).


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy]butanoate + H2O = 2 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + H+.


lactonohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of lactone rings (intramolecular cyclic esters) to produce a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.


methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane + H2O = 6-hydroxyhexanoate.


Ser(Gly)-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala).


dihydrocoumarin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


L-seryl-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Thr).


1-16:0-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine sn-1 acylhydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + H2O <=> 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H+.


vinylacetate caboxylester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: but-3-enoate + H2O <=> allyl alcohol + formate.


deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxylimonoate + H2O = deoxylimononate D-ring-lactone + H+.


wax-ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a wax ester + H2O = a long-chain alcohol + a long-chain carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-(5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)propanoate + H2O <=> 3-maleylpyruvate + H+.


phorbol-diester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate = butanoate + H+ + phorbol 13-butanoate.


4-sulfomuconolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5-oxo-2-sulfonato-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate + H2O <=> maleylacetate + sulfite + 2 H+.


5-valerolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-valerolactone + H2O = 5-hydroxyvalerate.


prenylcysteine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


butyrolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyrolactone + H2O = 4-hydroxybutanoate.


L-rhamnono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-rhamnonate + H+.


pheophytinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide.


Cys-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).


methyl jasmonate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.


4-methyloxaloacetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxy-2,4-dioxobutanoate + H2O = H+ + methanol + oxaloacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X].


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


pheophytinase b activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin b + H2O <=> H+ + pheophorbide b + phytol.


sulfolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfolactone + OH- = HSO3(-) + maleylacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


acetylsalicylate deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylsalicylate + H2O = acetate + H+ + salicylate.


trans-permethrin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-trans-permethrin + H2O <=> H+ + (3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol + (1S,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + polyneuridine aldehyde = 16-epivellosimine + CO2 + methanol.


D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) = D-leucine + tRNA(Leu). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-leucine from residues in charged tRNA(Leu).


L-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-arabinonate + H+.


3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O = 3-oxoadipate.


limonin-D-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: limonoate D-ring-lactone + H2O = limonoate.


chlorogenate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorogenate + H2O = (-)-quinate + cis-caffeate + H+.


uronolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucurono-6,2-lactone + H2O = D-glucuronate.


brefeldin A esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone.


actinomycin lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: actinomycin + H2O = actinomycinic monolactone.


methyl salicylate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.


4-pyridoxolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-pyridoxolactone + H2O = 4-pyridoxate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-rhodomycinone + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-epsilon-rhodomycinone + methanol + H+.


pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester + H2O = pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan = acetate + D-galactosaminoglycan.


xylono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-xylonate.


pectin acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin.


carboxymethylenebutenolidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide + H2O = 4 oxohex-2-enedioate.


sinapine esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-sinapoylcholine + H2O = choline + H+ + sinapate.


D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-aminoacyl-tRNA = D-amino acid + tRNA. Hydrolysis of the removal of D-amino acids from residues in charged tRNA.


cutinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cutin + H2O = cutin monomers.


aclacinomycin T methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin T(1+) + H2O <=> 15-demethylaclacinomycin T + methanol + H+.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (hercynine) + O2 = hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.


beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.


L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.


D-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


arabitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.


trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.


clearance of foreign intracellular nucleic acids

A defense process that protects an organism from DNA or RNA from an invading organism.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


CRISPR-cas system

A defense response of that serves to clear host cells of foreign DNA and RNA. It has three distinct stage: acquisition of foreign DNA by integration into CRISPR loci in the host chromosome, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis, and target interference. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, which describes the nature of the loci.


natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


DNA restriction-modification system

A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.


defense response to symbiont

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that symbiont.


neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell

The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


male-specific defense response to bacterium

A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.


defense response to oomycetes

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.


male-specific antibacterial humoral response

An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.


defense response to parasitic plant

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.


hemolymph coagulation

Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.


melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.


systemic acquired resistance

The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.


melanization defense response

The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.


innate immunity memory response

An immune response mediated by the innate immune system and directed against a previously encountered immunologic stimulus, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the initial response to that stimulus.


defense response against perturbation of plasma membrane integrity

The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.


age-related resistance

An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR).


clearance of foreign intracellular RNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign RNA.


columella

A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).


pigment granule membrane

Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell that was derived from the epicardium over time, from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide = trans-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


reservosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a reservosome.


regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


positive regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 4-hydroxyacetophenone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


isoflavonoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


phenylpropanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


cinnamic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


anaerobic lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


chalcone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


eugenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


cinnamic acid ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


guaiacyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guaiacyl lignin.


negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


visual perception involved in equilibrioception

The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.


negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate.


GAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAC codon.


diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = monophosphate + a purine mononucleotide.


germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation

Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


thermospermine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thermospermine.


thermospermine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thermospermine.


thermospermine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thermospermine.


aspartate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + ADP + H+.


homoserine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + ATP = O-phospho-L-homoserine + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate.


arginine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + ATP = N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H+.


GMP catabolic process to IMP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate.


extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.


mesonephric extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.


negative regulation of granulosa cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.


chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde. Chanoclavine-I aldehyde is at a branching point in the biosynthetic pathways of fumigaclavine C and ergotamine.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


evasion of host immune response via modulation of host complement system

Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ER body

A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


extrathymic T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway independent of the thymus.


old cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth

A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs, which is part of a cell that has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


mannose-specific flocculation

The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to mannose residues on the other.


ethylene binding

Binding to ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


glucarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.


glucarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate.


glucarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.


D-glucarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


D-glucarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.


D-glucarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


deoxyribonuclease IV (phage-T4-induced) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.


proline racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline = D-proline.


modulation by symbiont of host protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localisation to the host phagosome. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hypotonic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


mutator focus

A type of punctate focus localized to the perinuclear region of germline cytoplasm in C. elegans. Mutator foci are required for RNA interference (RNAi) and serve as sites of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) amplification. As such, proteins that localize to mutator foci include RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs) and beta-nucleotidyltransferases. Mutator foci are distinct from, but adjacent to or partially overlap, P granules.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H2O + O2 = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H2O2.


regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


negative regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


helper T cell enhancement of B cell mediated immune response

Positive regulation of a B cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.


positive regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


helper T cell enhancement of T cell mediated immune response

Positive regulation of a T cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.


regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.


regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


negative regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


caste determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues.


caste determination

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination, influence by environmental factors

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental cues.


caste determination, influence by environmental factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues.


copper-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the copper chelate copper-nicotianamine (Cu-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


negative regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


riboflavin synthase complex

An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.


plastoglobule

A lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.


Fused-Smurf ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex. In D. melanogaster, it regulates ubiquitination and proteolysis of the BMP receptor Thickveins in cystoblasts, potentially by controlling Tkv ubiquitination and degradation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + O-demethylpuromycin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + puromycin.


citrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA.


citrate (Re)-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the re-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-R carboxymethyl group.


modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism.


positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission

Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission.


negative regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.


negative regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


negative regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


negative regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


negative regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


negative regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


coronal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized.


cellular response to L-canavanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus. L-canavanine is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group.


response to L-canavanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus.


positive regulation of dentin-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that initiates the formation of a tooth bud by the secretion of a signal from a mesenchymal cell and its reception and subsequent change in the identity of an epithelial cell of the tooth bud.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADPH+= + H+ + O2 = NADP+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: choline + O2 = betaine aldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


D-nopaline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephric renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephric renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephros.


The monomethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylserine.


phosphonoacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue.


cspyrone B1 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cspyrone B1.


ecdysteroid 22-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an ecdysteroid + ATP = an ecdysteroid 22-phosphate + ADP + H+.


tartrate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = (2R,3S)-tartrate.


GTP cyclohydrolase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + diphosphate + formate + 3 H+.


2-oxoglutarate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


(+)-2-epi-prezizaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-2-epi-prezizaene + diphosphoric acid.


2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate <=> 2 diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate = pyruvate + chloroacetaldehyde.


negative regulation of substance P receptor binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.


Catalysis of the reaction 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + CoA.


toluene oxidation via 4-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form p-hydroxybenzoate; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 4-hydroxytoluene (4-cresol).


toluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and commonly used as a paint thinning agent and in other solvent applications.


toluene oxidation to catechol

The formation from toluene of catechol, dihydroxybenzene, by successive oxidations followed by loss of carbon dioxide (CO2).


toluene oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in toluene.


anaerobic toluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


toluene oxidation via 2-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 2-hydroxytoluene (o-cresol).


toluene oxidation via 3-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 3-hydroxytoluene (m-cresol).


toluene oxidation via toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol.


toluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products.


anaerobic toluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen.


regulation of amacrine cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + chloride + NADP+ = 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfobenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD+ + sulfite.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-ICAM-4 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-4.


negative regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


negative regulation of defecation rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


negative regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.


negative regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.


negative regulation of substance P secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.


negative regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.


negative regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


negative regulation of renal sodium excretion by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin decreases the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine over a unit of time.


negative regulation of testosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.


negative regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


negative regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


negative regulation of progesterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.


negative regulation of activin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.


negative regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


negative regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.