sensory organ precursor cell division

The series of four asymmetric divisions undergone by the sensory organ precursor cells to generate cells that have distinct cell fates. For example, in the external sensory organ, the precursor cells give rise to one multidendritic neuron and four additional cells (the socket, shaft, sheath cells and the external sense neuron).


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Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:2-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


RITS complex assembly

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The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a RITS complex.


chloroplast avoidance movement

The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells avoid strong light and move away from it in order to preserve the photosynthetic machinery.


locus ceruleus maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the locus ceruleus to attain its fully functional state. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


minus-end directed microtubule sliding

The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules.


mannosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.


ascospore wall chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.


capsanthin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: antheraxanthin = capsanthin.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-dec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = cis-dec-3-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


anaerobic glycerol catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


negative regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor activity.


plastid localization

Any process in which a plastid is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


disruption of cell in another organism

The disruption of a cell of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that cell.


accessory nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the accessory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


negative regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


beta-glucoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cellobiose = ADP + 6-phospho-beta-D-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-glucose.


salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid 2-O-glucoside + UDP.


2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


penetration hypha formation

The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. In the case of an appressorium existing, this term is defined in further details as the process in which the symbiont penetration peg expands to form a hypha which traverses the epidermal cell and emerges into the intercellular space of the mesophyll tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


lens epithelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of lens epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Lens epithelial cells make up the lens epithelium, which is located in the anterior portion of the lens between the lens capsule and the lens fibers and is a simple cuboidal epithelium. The epithelial cells of the lens regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens such as osmolarity and liquid volume. The lens epithelial cells also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. The lens epithelium constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth.


Golgi vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-6Y = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-8X + CO2.


phosphatidate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = ADP + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate.


formation of a compartment boundary

Formation of a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.


regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility by regulation of motor speed

A process that modulates flagellum-dependent motility in bacteria by modulating the speed or direction of rotation of a rotary flagellar motor, mediated by interactions between the braking protein.


pelvic fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. Pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


negative regulation of metula development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast hair cell. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.


dauer exit

Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


positive regulation of leaf senescence

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.


T-helper 2 cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T-helper 2 cell in response to an external stimulus.


citronellyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellyl-CoA + NAD+ = cis-geranyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


pectin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a group of galacturonic acid-containing, water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight and of net negative charge.


polyphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


diaminopimelate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = meso-2,6-diaminopimelate.


negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


peptidyl-cystine sulfhydration

The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the addition of sulfur, to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 17-O-deacetylvindoline.


interleukin-11 production

The appearance of interleukin-11 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a granulosa cell.


regulation of sterol import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.


negative regulation of viral translation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


acetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.


pericyte cell migration

The orderly movement of a pericyte cell from one site to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine + ATP = N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate.


pollen-style interaction

The interactions (or cell to cell communication) that occur between the male gametophyte (pollen/pollen tube) and the stylar tissues of the female sporophyte.


compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a compound eye retinal cell.


cellular response to bacterial lipoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.


modulation of cell migration in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the process of cell migration in a second organism.


palmatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


Golgi vesicle prefusion complex stabilization

The binding of specific proteins to the t-SNARE/v-SNARE/SNAP25 complex, by which the Golgi vesicle prefusion complex is stabilized.


pinosylvin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamoyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CO2 + 4 CoA + pinosylvin.


UAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAU codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine.


labrum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of labrum are generated and organized.


NADH kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NADH = ADP + 2 H+ + NADPH.


amylin receptor 1 signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 1 (AMY1), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. Other ligands that have been shown to initiate the AMY1 signaling pathway include the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


CUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUU codon.


latency-replication decision

The process by which a virus switches on its replication cycle in an infected cell.  The process is typically controlled by a genetic swtich controlled by environmental factors such as cell type, cell shape, the availability of nutrients, superinfection or exposure of infected cells to UV or various chemical stimuli.


histone H4R3 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H4 L-arginyl (position 3)= histone H4 L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H4 citrullination at position 3.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor, dinitrogen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.


modification of synaptic structure, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission via modification of the structure of the synapse.


fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


galactoglucomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-9-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.


peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


halogenated hydrocarbon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.


filamentous growth MAPK cascade

The MAPK cascade which is activated as a result of partial nutrient deprivation and which results in filamentous growth.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in (1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranans.


natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


post-embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized.


gibberellin A28,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A28 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> (2betaOH)-gibberellin28 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


benzene 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzene + H+ + NADH + O2 = cis-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propan-2-ol = acetone + H+ + NADPH.


endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs.


ER body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.


negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


asparagusate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethylpropanoate + NAD+ = asparagusate + H+ + NADH.


peptide stabilization

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide and preventing it from being degraded.


single-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The error-free repair of a single-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one + NADP + H2O.


perturbation of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of germ tube formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Kdo2-lipid A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.


RNA uridine deletion

The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a uridine nucleotide.


lipoamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.


racemase and epimerase activity, acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives

Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a hydroxy acid molecule.


6-hydroxy pseudo-oxynicotine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + O2 = 2 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine.


posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


UDP-glucose: 6-methylthiohexylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 6-methylthiohexylhydroximate <=> H+ + 5-methylthiopentyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP(3-).


pachytene

The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.


sesquarterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquarterpene.


cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate = dolichol-phosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate.


positive regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


phosphonopyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + H2O = phosphate + pyruvate.


lipoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lipoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


lens placode formation

The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.


glycuronidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucuronosides, yielding free glucuronic acid.


GTP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = GDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.


regulation of histamine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter histamine into a cell.


catabolite repression

A process in which the presence of one nutrient source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of processes involved in the metabolism of other nutrient sources.


sensory perception of electrical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


tRNA exon ligation utilizing GTP as source of linkage phosphate

A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous GTP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where the ligation reaction also produces a 2'-phosphate at the splice junction which is subsequently removed as part of the ligation process.


inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate.


renal filtration cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a renal filtration cell. Renal filtration cells are specialized cells of the renal system that filter fluids by charge, size or both. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + D-methylmalonyl-CoA = oxaloacetic acid + propionyl-CoA.


sensory organ morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of a sensory organ. A sensory organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to receive and transmit signals from external or internal stimuli. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


insect visual primordium formation

Establishment of the optic lobe placode. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system.


Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + UDP.


negative regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


rRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


oocyte fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon

The incorporation of iron into an iron-sulfur cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon.


L-homocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroquinone + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


pteridine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + O2 = 2-amino-4,7-dihydroxypteridine + unknown.


endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


hemolysis in another organism

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.


cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + cyclohexanone.


regulation of meiotic chromosome separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.


regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


leucocyanidin oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis- or trans-dihydroquercetin + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.


chrysobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.


dibenzothiophene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene.


nicotianamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


3-chlorotoluene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3-chlorotoluene + NADH + O2 <=> 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+ = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH4.


guanyl nucleotide binding

Binding to a guanyl nucleotide, consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


central complex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli.


metal ion sequestering activity

Binding to a metal ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


peptidyl-arginine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid phosphorus-nitrogen bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid phosphorus-nitrogen bond.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol = dolichol-phosphate + oligosaccharide phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene, 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene and 4,4'-diapolycopene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diapolycopene as the end product.


kinesis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.


cerebellar cortex structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


alkanesulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


hydrogen selenide methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + hydrogen selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methaneselenol.


instrumental aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithinium(1+) = N(5)-acetyl-L-ornithine.


selenodiglutathione-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + selenodiglutathione + NADPH = gluthathioselenol + glutathione + NADP+.


oxalomalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxalomalate = glyoxylate + oxaloacetate.


rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of rhamnose from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


positive regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


negative regulation of haustorium mother cell formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification

The modification of a lysine residue in a protein to produce (2S)-2-amino-6-([(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid, and the subsequent hydroxylation of the modified lysine residue. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, the prokaryotic translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


2-oxoglutaryl-CoA thioesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaryl-CoA + OH- = 2-oxoglutarate + CoASH.


iridophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance.


2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminophenol + O2 = 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde.


beta-glucanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of linkages in beta-D-glucans; beta-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers linked by beta-glycosidic bonds.


carboxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrophenol + H- = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


protein localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. post synaptic density).


Catalysis of the reaction: amidinoproclavaminate + H2O = proclavaminate + urea.


delta-tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = delta-tocopherol.


negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.


N-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine + 2 H2O + 2 H+ = N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO2 + 2 NH4.


negative regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


hexokinase-dependent signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and dependent on the detection of hexokinase.


acyl deglucuronidation

The removal of glucuronic acid from an acyl-glucuronide.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to ventricular cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the ventricle. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


positive regulation of seed maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an kainate-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


cysteine-S-conjugate N-malonyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA(5-) + an L-cysteine-S-conjugate <=> coenzyme A + H+ + an N-malonyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate.


anterior rotation of the optic cup

A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.


biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


sequestering of TGFbeta from receptor via TGFbeta binding

Binding to a transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting TGFbeta signaling by preventing TGFbeta from binding to its cell surface receptor.


accessory nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


positive regulation of lateral root development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


dATP biosynthetic process from ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate.


ascr#2 binding

Binding to ascr#2.


regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


negative regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via succinate semialdehyde

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the pyruvate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


ferric-chelate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron donor -> 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


tRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


larval central nervous system remodeling

Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of anion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


vomilenine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vomilenine.


kynurenine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


glucosamine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.


positive regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.


mixed acid fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


pyridoxamine binding

Binding to pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.


mannitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


mitochondrial valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


beta-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + NH3.


positive regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


tolerance induction in urogenital tract

Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.


positive regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminonbiphenyl = N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in lateral root development

Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in lateral root development.


pre-replicative complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


beta-pyrazolylalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate + H+.


negative regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


monoterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system

Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-campesterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxycampesterol + NADP + H2O.


metanephric pyramids development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.


biotin-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + biotinyl-CoA.


detection of renal blood flow

The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.


diphenyl phthalate binding

Binding to diphenyl phthalate, C(20)H(14)O(4).


pattern specification involved in kidney development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


mucilage pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectin component of mucilage.


intratendonous ossification

Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD+ and B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred) with respect to NADP+.


mesonephric proximal tubule development

The progression of the mesonephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


scyllo-inosamine 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + ATP = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


phosphoarginine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.


DNA dealkylation

The removal of an alkyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.


trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + 2 (ferricytochrome c)-subunit + H2O = trimethylamine-N-oxide + 2 (ferrocytochrome c)-subunit + 2 H+.


betulin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betulin + NADPH(4-) + H+ + O2 <=> betulinic aldehyde + NADP(3-) + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.


negative regulation of cellular process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.


fusion cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.


metanephric DCT cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell.


cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + L-lysine + ATP = N(6)-[(indole-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


seed germination on parent plant

The process in which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant.


positive regulation of antipodal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.


regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


mitotic interphase

The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.


D-alanine-D-alanine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-alanine + ATP = D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


amniotic stem cell differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amniotic stem cell. An amniotic stem cell is a mesenchymal stem cell extracted from amniotic fluid. Amniotic stem cells are able to differentiate into various tissue types such as skin, cartilage, cardiac tissue, nerves, muscle, and bone.


negative regulation of torso signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the torso signaling pathway.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron in response to hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + beta-D-galactoside + H2O <=> ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + beta-D-galactoside + H+.


P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in), that contributes to regulating the membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell.


anthranilate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate.


sulfoquinovosidase activity

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-sulfoquinovoside residues in alpha-sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides and alpha-sulfoquinovosyl glycerol, generating alpha-sulfoquinovose.


response to absence of light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + glucose = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


tartrate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tartrate.


cranial ganglion structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the transfer of the non-reducing terminal alpha-D-glucose residue from a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to the 4-position of an alpha-D-glucan, thus bringing about the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides.


cell-cell signaling involved in amphid sensory organ development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of an amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature state.


kidney field specification

The process that results in the delineation of regions of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + H2O <=> daidzein + beta-D-glucose.


posterior lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


thiocyanate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> methyl thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine.


negative regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.


aldaric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.


root regeneration

The the regeneration process by which a damaged or lost root regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to form a new root meristem and subsequently new root.


solute:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).


positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


establishment of turgor in appressorium

The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


lipoprotein oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group.


2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADPH + H+.


seed dehydration

The seed development process whose outcome is the drying of a maturing seed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde.


respiratory burst at fertilization

The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.


regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cell-cell signaling involved in placenta development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a beta-D-galactoside = CoA + a 6-acetyl-beta-D-galactoside.


extracellular sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


discadenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.


interleukin-20 production

The appearance of interleukin-20 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester.


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.


carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle

An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.


plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


cellular response to polycyclic arene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.


regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


male urethra development

The progression of the male urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The male urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder through the penis to outside the body.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


positive regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


protein catabolic process at synapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a synapse.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.


copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide

The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate = phenylpyruvate + aspartate.


cardiac glial cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.


muscle hyperplasia

A muscle system process that results in an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


swim bladder inflation

The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


iodide channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a iodide (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


cellular response to sulfur dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


propionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.


GMP catabolic process to guanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.


negative regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.


1-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-methylguanosine.


regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


ABC-type L-arabinose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-arabinose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-arabinose(in).


regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


lactosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.


oxalate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + oxalate = 2 CO2 + H2O2.


dimethylsulfoxide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> sulfonyldimethane + H2O + NADP.


heme C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme C, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.


cellular response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


response to growth hormone-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulus. Growth hormone-releasing hormone regulates the release of growth hormone, as well as some pancreatic proteins, and possibly other proteins.


sensory organ precursor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.


steviolbioside glucosyltransferase activity (stevioside forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: steviolbioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = stevioside + UDP + H+.


regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via fibronectin.


sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction

The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.


negative regulation of oogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


glial cell activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a glial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


methyl ethyl ketone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate = ADP + dihydrostreptomycin 3'alpha,6-bisphosphate + 2 H+.


negative regulation of leaf senescence

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.


response to plumbagin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + succinyl-CoA = O-succinyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


iprodione amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iprodione + OH- = 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + N-isopropylcarbamate.


pedicel mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the flower stem.


visually-mediated background adaptation

Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by melanopsin-expressing eye cells.


negative regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ergosterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ergosterol = CoA + ergosterol ester.


luteolin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


regulation of vegetative meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem.


gut granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gut granule.


neuroblast division in pallium

The division of neuroblasts in the pallium. Neuroblasts are precursor cells that give rise to neurons.


specification of mesonephric connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.


glyphosate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond.


chemoattraction involved in precerebellar neuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that guide a precerebellar neuron towards their signals, where this process is involved in tangential migration.


regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.


hopanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.


o-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + ATP + CoA = 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


larval visceral muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


(1->4)-beta-D-galactan binding

Binding to (1->4)-beta-D-galactan.


dihydrofolate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydropterate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + dihydrofolate.


perturbation by symbiont of host cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to singlet oxygen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


pulmonary artery endothelial tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from the pulmonary artery endothelium. An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


positive regulation of platelet rolling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


homocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


amphisome-lysosome fusion

The process in which amphisomes fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the amphisome.


protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Protein processing that takes place in the phagosome. Most protein processing in the phagosome represents protein degradation.


Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S,5'S)-hydroxyaverantin + NAD+ <=> 5'-oxoaverantin + NADH.


laminaribiose binding

Binding to laminaribiose, a disaccharide.


regulation of helicase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helicase activity.


vulval cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


positive regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


negative regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


GPCR bitter taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of bitter taste.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 3 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene and 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diaponeurosporene (the major deep-yellow pigment in staphylococci strains) as the end product.


stomatal closure

The process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.


regulation of timing of exogen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


alpha-agarase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages in agarose, yielding agarotetraose as the major product.


glucosamine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uridine(out) + H+(out) = uridine(in) + H+(in).


glucosinolate biosynthetic process from homomethionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including homomethionine.


cotranscriptional mitochondrial rRNA nucleotide insertion

The insertion of one or two non-coded nucleotides during the transcription of a mitochondrial rRNA. Such additions are known to occur in myxomycetes such as Physarum, Didymium, and Stemonitis.


dehydroaustinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydroaustinol.


positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


diguanylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP = cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + 2 diphosphate + 2 H+.


microgametophyte vegetative cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microgametophyte. The microgametophyte vegetative cell gives rise to the pollen tube.


protein demannosylation

The removal of one or more mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.


positive regulation of lung blood pressure

The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.


histone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a histone protein by individual cells.


orcinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.


entry into reproductive diapause

The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


serotonin production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


forward locomotion

Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.


afferent axon development in lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


'de novo' GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) through an inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) intermediate.


negative regulation of epidermis development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


peptidyl-arginine modification

The modification of peptidyl-arginine.


structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


chlorophyll cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and several chlorophyllide intermediates.


lung basal cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature basal cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. A basal cell is an epithelial stem cell.


minus-end specific microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the minus end of a microtubule.


decarboxylation-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by decarboxylation of a cytoplasmic substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


sulfuretin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butein 4'-beta-D-glucoside + O2 + 2 H+ = sulfuretin 6-glucoside + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + H+ = phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + CO2.


aromatic amino acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: aromatic amino acid(out) + H+(out) = aromatic amino acid(in) + H+(in).


regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


ATP-dependent activity

A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.


interleukin-23 production

The appearance of interleukin-23 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the widest part of the pylorus that is continuous with the body of the stomach.


regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


(S)-norcoclaurine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde = (S)-norcoclaurine + H2O.


saponin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.


aspyridone B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone B.


Binding to 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate.


response to prostaglandin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on polysaccharides

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by the elimination of an alcohol from a polysaccharide.


provirus excision

The molecular events that lead to the excision of a viral genome from the host genome.


specification of mesonephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-D-glucuronic acid to N-acetyllactosamine (galactosyl beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine).


positive regulation of aeciospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.


callus formation

The process by which a callus is formed at a wound site. A plant callus is a portion of plant tissue that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells. It consists primarily of parenchyma cells but possibly contains other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate.


regulation of oogonium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


positive regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


response to acetylsalicylate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aspirin (acetylsalicylate) stimulus. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with moA cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.


microtubule anchoring at cell cortex of cell tip

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location at the cell tip by attachment to the cell cortex.


regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-3B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 4.


negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis.


pyrene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-1,2-oxide + H2O.


positive regulation of vulval development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


sensory perception of gravity

The series of events required for an organism to receive a gravitational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA = 5-hydroxythiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA + A + H2O + H+.


cellular response to dodecane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.


viral DNA genome packaging, 3' extended cos packaging

The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 3' protruding ends.


detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


acid-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylate + CoA + GTP = acyl-CoA + GDP + H+ + phosphate.


cellular response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


early neuron differentiation in forebrain

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of neurons. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


erythritol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + erythritol = D-erythritol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


biuret amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: biuret + H2O = urea + CO2 + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-arabinose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-arabinoside.


protein-lipid complex binding

Binding to a protein-lipid complex, any macromolecular complex that contains both protein and lipid molecules.


positive regulation of endocardial cushion cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion cell differentiation.


negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.


S-glycoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.


response to spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.


negative regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.


regulation of plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis. Plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis is a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.


glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonate + H+ = CO2 + L-lactate.


positive regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimaradien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> oryzalexin E + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


d-4,5 unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in an unsaturated saccharide between the unsaturated glucuronyl residue at the nonreducing terminus and the saccharide linked to the residue.


amphid sensory organ development

The progression of the amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes.


regulation of primary metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response.


SA node cell-atrial cardiac muscle cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


adhesion of symbiont to host via host extracellular matrix

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a component of the host extracellular matrix. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


AUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUG codon.


thyroid-hormone transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine = 3,5,3'-triiodothyropyruvate + L-glutamate.


nitroalkane oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde or ketone + nitrite + H2O2.


metacyclogenesis

The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of non-pathogenic parasites into pathogenic metacyclic parasites in the Trypanosomatidae species. The pathogenic parasites are known as metacyclic trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma and metacyclic promastigotes in Leishmania.


3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid -> 2-methoxy-6-decaprenylphenol + CO2.


2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA 2-C-propanoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + CoASH = pivalyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.


cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.


ajmaline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajmaline.


hercynylselenocysteine synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-selenocysteine + 2 hercynine + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 hercynylselenocysteine.


regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


Wnt receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of a Wnt receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a Wnt signal. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


trigeminal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


cellular organohalogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organohalogen compounds, as carried out by individual cells.


acrylonitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to 3-sulfopropanediol(1-)

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfopropanediol(1-).


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.


regulation of cell wall pectin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall pectin metabolic process.


serotonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol.


ascus development

The process that leads to the development of ascus, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the basilar pons

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral peduncle through the basilar pons in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate.