ML12B_HUMAN Myosin regulatory light chain 12B (sprot)

A myosin regulatory light chain 12B that is encoded in the genome of human.


myosin heavy chain binding

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Binding to a heavy chain of a myosin complex.


myosin II complex

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A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.


QCR10_HUMAN Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 (sprot)

A cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


generation of precursor metabolites and energy

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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.


CASQ2_HUMAN Calsequestrin-2 (sprot)

A calsequestrin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ion binding

Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms.


calcium ion sequestering activity

Binding to a calcium ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


regulation of heart rate

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


detection of calcium ion

The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


striated muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.


regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion

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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


negative regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sequestering of calcium ion

The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


protein polymerization

The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.


cardiac muscle contraction

Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.


regulation of membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.


negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.


negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium release channels, is devoted to calcium release and is juxtaposed to transverse tubule membrane. The junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.


sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


calcium channel complex

An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.


LECT2_HUMAN Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (sprot)

A leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HGS_HUMAN Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (sprot)

A hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate that is encoded in the genome of human.


membrane invagination

The infolding of a membrane.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


ESCRT-0 complex

A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.


phagocytic vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a phagocytic vesicle.


AURKA_HUMAN Aurora kinase A (sprot)

An aurora kinase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3S10 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 10) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 10) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 10 of histone H3.


spindle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.


mitotic centrosome separation

Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.


anterior/posterior axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


regulation of centrosome cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.


centrosome localization

Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


cilium disassembly

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium.


protein localization to centrosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centrosome.


positive regulation of oocyte maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.


neuron projection extension

Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


spindle pole centrosome

A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized.


germinal vesicle

The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity.


axon hillock

Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.


pronucleus

The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.


meiotic spindle

A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle.


RAB7L_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-7L1 (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rab-7L1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of receptor recycling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.


Golgi organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.


synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).


negative regulation of neuron projection development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


modulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


positive regulation of intracellular protein transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.


protein localization to ciliary membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.


regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.


cellular detoxification

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


vacuole

A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.


intracellular vesicle

Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region.


CLGN_HUMAN Calmegin (sprot)

A calmegin that is encoded in the genome of human.


VP26C_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26C (sprot)

A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26C that is encoded in the genome of human.


MYPT1_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.


14-3-3 protein binding

Binding to a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxy-terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins.


regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


positive regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


A band

The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.


PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that contains a catalytic subunit (PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC) and the regulatory subunits PPP1R10 (PNUTS), TOX4 and WDR82, and plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase.


S27A2_HUMAN Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 2 (sprot)

A long-chain fatty acid transport protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


long-chain fatty acid import into cell

The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


long-chain fatty acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a very-long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


arachidonate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + ATP + CoA = AMP + arachidonoyl-CoA + diphosphate + H+.


cholate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA and (2) ATP + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.


phytanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phytanate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phytanoyl-CoA.


pristanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.


oleate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oleate from one side of a membrane to the other.


long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


GAK_HUMAN Cyclin-G-associated kinase (sprot)

A cyclin-G-associated kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


receptor-mediated endocytosis

An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.


synaptic vesicle uncoating

The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.


protein localization to Golgi apparatus

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.


clathrin coat disassembly

The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.


regulation of clathrin coat assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.


AZIN1_HUMAN Antizyme inhibitor 1 (sprot)

An antizyme inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ornithine decarboxylase activator activity

Binds to and increases ornithine decarboxylase activity.


positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.


ZN263_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 263 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 263 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HNRDL_HUMAN Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-like (sprot)

A heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


XPO1_HUMAN Exportin-1 (sprot)

An exportin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein export from nucleus

The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


nuclear export signal receptor activity

Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of a the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the nuclear lumen to the cytoplasm. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


nucleocytoplasmic transport

The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


regulation of centrosome duplication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


annulate lamellae

Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.


Cajal body

A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.


BTAF1_HUMAN TATA-binding protein-associated factor 172 (sprot)

A TATA-binding protein-associated factor 172 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of chromatin binding

Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


TBP-class protein binding

Binding to a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs).


ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler activity

An activity, driven by ATP hydrolysis, that modulates the contacts between histones and DNA, resulting in a change in chromosome architecture within the nucleosomal array, leading to chromatin remodeling.


AT2A1_HUMAN Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (sprot)

A sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


P-type calcium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(out).


calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of calcium ion (Ca2+).


apoptotic mitochondrial changes

The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.


positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.


positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.


maintenance of mitochondrion location

Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.


positive regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.


regulation of cardiac conduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.


calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of calcium ions into a sarcoplasmic reticulum.


platelet dense tubular network membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network.


PI51B_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta (sprot)

A phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


phosphatidylinositol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction.


uropod

A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.


IPP2C_HUMAN Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 family member C (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the PPP1R2C gene in human.


protein phosphatase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase.


SYN3_HUMAN Synapsin-3 (sprot)

A synapsin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


synaptic vesicle clustering

The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures.


ARHGA_HUMAN Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10 (sprot)

A Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


myelination in peripheral nervous system

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


ZN609_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 609 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 609 that is encoded in the genome of human.


promoter-specific chromatin binding

Binding to a section of chromatin that is associated with gene promoter sequences of DNA.


regulation of myoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.


ZN646_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 646 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 646 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRI66_HUMAN Tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (sprot)

A tripartite motif-containing protein 66 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDZD2_HUMAN PDZ domain-containing protein 2 (sprot)

A PDZ domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPTN2_HUMAN Spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 2 (sprot)

A spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


structural constituent of postsynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynapse.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


actin filament capping

The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


regulation of postsynaptic specialization assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic specialization assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic specialization.


paranodal junction

A highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. It flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve and electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.


The portion of the spectrin-associated cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


spectrin

Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.


MAST4_HUMAN Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (sprot)

A microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC16A_HUMAN Protein transport protein Sec16A (sprot)

A protein transport protein Sec16A that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of COPII vesicle coating

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


Golgi to plasma membrane transport

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.


substantia nigra development

The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).


protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.


PLXB2_HUMAN Plexin-B2 (sprot)

A plexin-B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


AREL1_HUMAN Apoptosis-resistant E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (sprot)

An apoptosis-resistant E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein K33-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.


RIMB2_HUMAN RIMS-binding protein 2 (sprot)

A RIMS-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KHNYN_HUMAN Protein KHNYN (sprot)

A protein KHNYN that is encoded in the genome of human.


TCPR2_HUMAN Tectonin beta-propeller repeat-containing protein 2 (sprot)

A tectonin beta-propeller repeat-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SEM3E_HUMAN Semaphorin-3E (sprot)

A semaphorin-3E that is encoded in the genome of human.


semaphorin receptor binding

Binding to a semaphorin receptor.


SR140_HUMAN U2 snRNP-associated SURP motif-containing protein (sprot)

A U2 snRNP-associated SURP motif-containing protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


SET1A_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1A (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


regulation of chromatin organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.


Set1C/COMPASS complex

A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.


N4BP3_HUMAN NEDD4-binding protein 3 (sprot)

A NEDD4-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM6B_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 6B (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 6B that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3K27me2/H3K27me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 27 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.


cell fate commitment

The cellular developmental process by which a cell establishes the intrinsic character of a cell or tissue region irreversibly committing it to a particular fate.


endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.


cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


response to fungicide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fungicide stimulus. Fungicides are chemicals used to kill fungi.


cellular response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


PER2_HUMAN Period circadian protein homolog 2 (sprot)

A period circadian protein homolog 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.


lactate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid.


negative regulation of circadian rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


white fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


circadian regulation of translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA translation with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


SYNJ2_HUMAN Synaptojanin-2 (sprot)

A synaptojanin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate 4-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the 4-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position.


ZBT39_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 39 (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 39 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYNEM_HUMAN Synemin (sprot)

A synemin that is encoded in the genome of human.


structural constituent of muscle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber.


vinculin binding

Binding to vinculin, a protein found in muscle, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells that binds actin and appears to mediate attachment of actin filaments to integral proteins of the plasma membrane.


intermediate filament binding

Binding to an intermediate filament, a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space.


costamere

Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.


neurofilament cytoskeleton

Intermediate filament cytoskeletal structure that is made up of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments are specialized intermediate filaments found in neurons.


ZBTB5_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 5 (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRRE1_HUMAN Granule associated Rac and RHOG effector protein 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the GARRE1 gene in human.


CCR4-NOT complex binding

Binding to a CCR4-NOT complex.


Rac protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


KIF3B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF3B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF3B that is encoded in the genome of human.


plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


intraciliary transport particle B binding

Binding to an intraciliary transport particle B (IFT B) complex.


opsin transport

The directed movement of an opsin (a G protein-coupled receptor of photoreceptor cells) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


plus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a vesicle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.


anterograde dendritic transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex

The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.


dendrite cytoplasm

All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane.


plus-end kinesin complex

Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule.


kinesin II complex

A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.


PUR4_HUMAN Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (sprot)

A phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.


glutamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).


anterior head development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior part of the head over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


'de novo' XMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate, from simpler precursors.


MCF2L_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide exchange factor DBS (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide exchange factor DBS that is encoded in the genome of human.


NACAD_HUMAN NAC-alpha domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A NAC-alpha domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATS3_HUMAN A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 3 (sprot)

An a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


collagen fibril organization

Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix.


collagen catabolic process

The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells.


collagen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


supramolecular fiber organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.


positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


DCLK1_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase DCLK1 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase DCLK1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.


negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.


CE290_HUMAN Centrosomal protein of 290 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 290 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule minus-end binding

Binding to the minus end of a microtubule.


otic vesicle formation

The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


pronephros development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


photoreceptor connecting cilium

The portion of the photoreceptor cell cilium linking the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. It's considered to be equivalent to the ciliary transition zone.


MKS complex

A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of several proteins some of which are membrane bound. Acts as an organiser of transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the NPHP complex. The MKS complex also acts as part of the selective barrier that prevents diffusion of proteins between the ciliary cytoplasm and cellular cytoplasm as well as between the ciliary membrane and plasma membrane.


SNPH_HUMAN Syntaphilin (sprot)

A syntaphilin that is encoded in the genome of human.


syntaxin-1 binding

Binding to a syntaxin-1 SNAP receptor.


synaptic vesicle docking

The initial (indirect) attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic active zone membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane and proteins of the presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component. Synaptic vesicle tethering is the first step in this process.


ERC2_HUMAN ERC protein 2 (sprot)

An ERC protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion.


ANR28_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit A (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit A that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARHGB_HUMAN Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 (sprot)

A Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN536_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 536 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 536 that is encoded in the genome of human.


retinoic acid-responsive element binding

Binding to a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.


MRPP3_HUMAN Mitochondrial ribonuclease P catalytic subunit (sprot)

A mitochondrial ribonuclease P catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribonuclease P activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 5' extra nucleotides from tRNA precursor.


mitochondrial tRNA 5'-end processing

The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species. The complex contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule in yeast (PMID:12045094), but comprises three proteins and lacks an RNA component in humans.


SMAD7_HUMAN Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (sprot)

A smad7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


collagen binding

Binding to collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Binding to a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor.


I-SMAD binding

Binding to an inhibitory SMAD signaling protein.


activin receptor binding

Binding to an activin receptor.


transcription regulator inhibitor activity

A molecular function regulator that inhibits the activity of a transcription regulator via direct binding and/or post-translational modification.


ureteric bud development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of T cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves direct competition for interaction with a promoter binding site.


negative regulation of ossification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.


negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


adherens junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.


negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.


ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.


negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the SMAD protein signaling pathway.


ventricular septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.


positive regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.


IKKA_HUMAN Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha (sprot)

An inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


response to hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the NIK-dependent processing and activation of NF-kappaB. Begins with activation of the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which in turn phosphorylates and activates IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha). IKKalpha phosphorylates the NF-kappa B2 protein (p100) leading to p100 processing and release of an active NF-kappaB (p52). The non-canonical NF-kappaB signaling pathway is generally activated by ligands of the TNF receptor superfamily, including lymphotoxin beta (LTB), CD40, OX40, RANK, TWEAK and B cell-activating factor (BAFF).


response to amino acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.


striated muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.


response to cholecystokinin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholecystokinin stimulus.


cellular response to cadmium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.


LSM1_HUMAN U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm1 (sprot)

A U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pre-mRNA binding

Binding to a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein that may contain introns and, at least in part, encodes one or more proteins. Introns are removed from pre-mRNA to form a mRNA molecule.


histone mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA).


FYB1_HUMAN FYN-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A FYN-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPC1_HUMAN NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (sprot)

An NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


virus receptor activity

Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.


liver development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.


protein glycosylation

A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


lysosomal transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome.


cholesterol storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


programmed cell death

A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.


neurogenesis

Generation of cells within the nervous system.


cholesterol transport

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


membrane raft organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


intracellular lipid transport

The directed movement of lipids within cells.


intracellular cholesterol transport

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells.


cholesterol efflux

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.


cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


establishment of protein localization to membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane.


cyclodextrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclodextrin.


TBX3_HUMAN T-box transcription factor TBX3 (sprot)

A T-box transcription factor TBX3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


forelimb morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.


atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


endocardial cushion formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.


specification of animal organ position

The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ.


limbic system development

The progression of the limbic system over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The limbic system is a collection of structures in the brain involved in emotion, motivation and emotional aspects of memory.


female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.


mammary gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.


luteinizing hormone secretion

The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.


atrioventricular canal development

The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.


follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

The regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.


mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.


semicircular canal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized.


smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary.


cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


mammary placode formation

The developmental process in which the mammary placode forms. The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper.


cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


sinoatrial node cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.


hepatoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hepatoblast. A hepatoblast is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.


ureteric peristalsis

A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along the ureter, impelling the contents onwards. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


cardiac jelly development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac jelly over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac jelly is an acellular gelatinous matrix secreted by the myocardium and plays a central role in the septation of the heart.


atrioventricular canal morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an atrioventricular canal is generated and organized.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


negative regulation of stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.


PLCB_HUMAN 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta (sprot)

A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.


positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.


triglyceride biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


DEGS1_HUMAN Sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase DES1 (sprot)

A sphingolipid Delta(4)-desaturase DES1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a sphingosine ceramide (aka (4E)-sphing-4-enine ceramide) + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


retinol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol = 11-cis-retinol.


myelin maintenance

The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.


ANGP2_HUMAN Angiopoietin-2 (sprot)

An angiopoietin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


germ cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.


response to glucose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.


negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


animal organ regeneration

The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


Tie signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an angiopoietin binding to the Tie receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


cellular response to growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


glomerulus vasculature development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.


SCAM1_HUMAN Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 (sprot)

A secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCAM2_HUMAN Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 2 (sprot)

A secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPFF_HUMAN Pro-FMRFamide-related neuropeptide FF (sprot)

An FMRFamide-related neuropeptide FF that is encoded in the genome of human.


IMA6_HUMAN Importin subunit alpha-6 (sprot)

An importin subunit alpha-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARC1B_HUMAN Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (sprot)

An actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


Arp2/3 protein complex

A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments.


tubulobulbar complex

Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between Sertoli-Sertoli cells or Sertoli-spermatids in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.


ARPC2_HUMAN Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 (sprot)

An actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


actin polymerization-dependent cell motility

A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the cell.


muscle cell projection membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a muscle cell projection.


ARPC3_HUMAN Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 (sprot)

An actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


growth cone leading edge

That part of the growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


MUSK_HUMAN Muscle, skeletal receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (sprot)

A muscle, skeletal receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctions.


positive regulation of protein geranylgeranylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation.


neuromuscular junction

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.


MDM4_HUMAN Protein Mdm4 (sprot)

A protein Mdm4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endocardial cushion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


atrial septum development

The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


BET1_HUMAN BET1 homolog (sprot)

A BET1 homolog that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZBT7B_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 7B (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 7B that is encoded in the genome of human.


NK T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell.


ectoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.


positive regulation of interleukin-17 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


negative regulation of NK T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.


positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


adaptive thermogenesis

The regulated production of heat in response to short term environmental changes, such as stress, diet or reduced temperature.


positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


RPAC1_HUMAN DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 (sprot)

A DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transcription by RNA polymerase I

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.


transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter.


RNA polymerase I complex

RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


PLS1_HUMAN Phospholipid scramblase 1 (sprot)

A phospholipid scramblase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


lead ion binding

Binding to lead (Pb) ions.


CD4 receptor binding

Binding to a CD4, a receptor found on the surface of T cells, monocytes and macrophages.


mercury ion binding

Binding to a mercury ion (Hg).


phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


acute-phase response

An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.


response to lead ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


plasma membrane phospholipid scrambling

The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet, resulting in loss of lipid asymmetry and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).


regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


response to interferon-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


negative regulation of phagocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.


regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway..


phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface

A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of an apoptotic cell, which acts as an 'eat-me' signal for engulfing cells. Phosphatidylserine is exposed on the apoptotic cell surface by a phospholipid scramblase activity.


positive regulation of chromosome separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.


positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.


TIF1A_HUMAN Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (sprot)

A transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


estrogen response element binding

Binding to an estrogen response element (ERE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to estrogen.


lysine-acetylated histone binding

Binding to a histone in which a lysine residue has been modified by acetylation.


regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


cellular response to estrogen stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


perichromatin fibrils

Structures of variable diameter visible in the nucleoplasm by electron microscopy, mainly observed near the border of condensed chromatin. The fibrils are enriched in RNA, and are believed to be sites of pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylylation representing the in situ form of nascent transcripts.


euchromatin

A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation.


LRAD4_HUMAN Low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain-containing protein 4 (sprot)

A low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain-containing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AXIN1_HUMAN Axin-1 (sprot)

An Axin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


dorsal/ventral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


post-anal tail morphogenesis

The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.


epigenetic programming in the zygotic pronuclei

The global programming of epigenetic modifications in the zygote following fertilization. The paternal genome undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal genome is protected from this process.


positive regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.


axial mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


negative regulation of protein metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.


head development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.


beta-catenin destruction complex

A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.


PGRC2_HUMAN Membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 2 (sprot)

A membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear steroid receptor activity

Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


heme transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of heme from one side of a membrane to the other.


heme transport

The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.


TBXT_HUMAN T-box transcription factor T (sprot)

A T-box transcription factor T that is encoded in the genome of human.


heart morphogenesis

The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


primitive streak formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the primitive streak from unspecified parts. The primitive streak is a ridge of cells running along the midline of the embryo where the mesoderm ingresses. It defines the anterior-posterior axis.


CETN3_HUMAN Centrin-3 (sprot)

A centrin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding

Binding to a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.


nuclear pore nuclear basket

A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.


transcription export complex 2

A protein complex that couples SAGA-dependent gene expression to mRNA export at the inner side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The TREX-2 complex is tethered to the inner side of the NPC via the nucleoporins Nup1 and Nup60; in S. cerevisiae it contains Sac3p, Thp1p, Sem1, Sus1p and Cdc31p.


CTDSL_HUMAN CTD small phosphatase-like protein (sprot)

A CTD small phosphatase-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


VILL_HUMAN Villin-like protein (sprot)

A villin-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPHB6_HUMAN Ephrin type-B receptor 6 (sprot)

An ephrin type-B receptor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ephrin receptor activity

Combining with an ephrin receptor ligand to initiate a change in cell activity.


SMAD9_HUMAN Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 (sprot)

A smad9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SMAD protein signal transduction

An intracellular signal transduction pathway that starts with the activation of a SMAD protein, leading to the formation of a complex with co-SMADs, which translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates transcription of specific target genes.


SMAD protein complex

A protein complex that consists of only SMAD proteins; may be homomeric or heteromeric. Heteromeric complexes act as transcription factors while homomeric complexes exist but are transcriptionally inactive. Hetero- versus homotrimerization is largely enthalpy driven.


ADEC1_HUMAN ADAM DEC1 (sprot)

An ADAM DEC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBD_HUMAN Ubiquitin D (sprot)

A ubiquitin D that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein modification by small protein conjugation

A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target protein.


response to type II interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.


aggresome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.


ZBT22_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 22 (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGL2_HUMAN Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 (sprot)

A Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


regulation of Ral protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ral protein signal transduction.


PFD6_HUMAN Prefoldin subunit 6 (sprot)

A prefoldin subunit 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein folding

The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.


chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid fibril formation.


prefoldin complex

A multisubunit chaperone that is capable of delivering unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin, which it acts as a cofactor for. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it also acts in the nucleus to regulate the rate of elongation by RNA polymerase II via a direct effect on histone dynamics.


protein folding chaperone complex

A protein complex required for the non-covalent folding or unfolding, maturation, stabilization or assembly or disassembly of macromolecular structures. Usually active during or immediately after completion of translation. Many chaperone complexes contain heat shock proteins.


WDR46_HUMAN WD repeat-containing protein 46 (sprot)

A WD repeat-containing protein 46 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSTA4_HUMAN Glutathione S-transferase A4 (sprot)

A glutathione S-transferase A4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glutathione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.


GP182_HUMAN G-protein coupled receptor 182 (sprot)

A G-protein coupled receptor 182 that is encoded in the genome of human.


INE1_HUMAN Putative inactivation escape 1 protein (sprot)


NKRF_HUMAN NF-kappa-B-repressing factor (sprot)

An NF-kappa-B-repressing factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATPase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of an ATP hydrolysis activity.


GNPAT_HUMAN Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (sprot)

A dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA.


cerebellum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


paranodal junction assembly

Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier.


response to starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.


KMO_HUMAN Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (sprot)

A kynurenine 3-monooxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O + NADP+.


NAD(P)H oxidase H2O2-forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + hydrogen peroxide.


flavin adenine dinucleotide binding

Binding to FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.


tryptophan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


NAD metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


quinolinate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


kynurenic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.


'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


anthranilate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).


kynurenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine.


L-kynurenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).


positive regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, where glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.


LAMA5_HUMAN Laminin subunit alpha-5 (sprot)

A laminin subunit alpha-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium

The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.


morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized.


lung development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.


substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.


trunk neural crest cell migration

The characteristic movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube to other locations in the vertebrate embryo.


regulation of embryonic development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


skeletal system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.


branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized.


synaptic cleft

The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.


extracellular matrix of synaptic cleft

The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the synaptic cleft.