mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex

A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix.


PDXK_HUMAN Pyridoxal kinase (sprot)

A pyridoxal kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


pyridoxal kinase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.


pyridoxal phosphate binding

Binding to pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.


potassium ion binding

Binding to a potassium ion (K+).


sodium ion binding

Binding to a sodium ion (Na+).


lithium ion binding

Binding to a lithium ion (Li+).


pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


pyridoxal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


pyridoxamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


SCD_HUMAN Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (sprot)

A stearoyl-CoA desaturase that is encoded in the genome of human.


stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


DLGP1_HUMAN Disks large-associated protein 1 (sprot)

A disks large-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SH2B2_HUMAN SH2B adapter protein 2 (sprot)

An SH2B adapter protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B-1 B cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


brown fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


CLD4_HUMAN Claudin-4 (sprot)

A claudin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to progesterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.


renal absorption

A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


positive regulation of wound healing

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.


PLPP1_HUMAN Phospholipid phosphatase 1 (sprot)

A phospholipid phosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


phosphatidate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = sphingosine + phosphate.


lipid phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = a lipid + phosphate.


lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lysophosphatidic acid + H2O = phosphate + monoacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide-1-phosphate + H2O = ceramide+ phosphate.


phospholipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


sphingosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


ceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.


protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG).


regulation of lipid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.


sphingolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a steroid binding to an intracellular steroid hormone receptor.


androgen receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


phospholipid dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.


PLPP3_HUMAN Phospholipid phosphatase 3 (sprot)

A phospholipid phosphatase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


integrin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


blood vessel development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


gastrulation with mouth forming second

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.


wound healing

The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


Bergmann glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

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The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system.


endoplasmic reticulum exit site

An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced.


ARI1A_HUMAN AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (sprot)

An AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear receptor protein. Nuclear receptor proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors which are regulated by binding to a ligand.


nucleosome disassembly

The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by estrogen binding to an intracellular receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glucocorticoid binding to its receptor.


positive regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.


positive regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


regulation of G0 to G1 transition

A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


regulation of nucleotide-excision repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleotide-excision repair.


SWI/SNF complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the yeast SNF2 or mammalian SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, or an ortholog thereof.


brahma complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the Drosophila brm (brahma) or mammalian SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, or an ortholog thereof.


npBAF complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in neural stem or progenitor cells, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, PHF10/BAF45A, ACTL6A/BAF53A genes. The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells.


nBAF complex

A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in post-mitotic neurons, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, DPF1/BAF45B, DPF3/BAF45C, ACTL6B/BAF53B genes. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth.


bBAF complex

A brain-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or the SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila brm (brahma) gene, or an ortholog of either of these genes. Compared to the neuron-specific nBAF complex (GO:0071565) it does not contain DPF1, DPF3 or SMARCC1 or their orthologs. May contain PB1/BAF180.


ISLR_HUMAN Immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein (sprot)

An immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


BHE40_HUMAN Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 40 (sprot)

A class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 40 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRF binding

Binding to Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.


regulation of circadian rhythm

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod

The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).


SOCS2_HUMAN Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (sprot)

A suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


growth hormone receptor binding

Binding to a growth hormone receptor.


insulin-like growth factor receptor binding

Binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor.


JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT begins with activation of a receptor and proceeeds through STAT protein activation by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases. STAT proteins dimerize and subsequently translocate to the nucleus. The pathway ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.


lactation

The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.


cellular response to hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.


negative regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.


negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT.


growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


mammary gland alveolus development

The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland.


NRG2_HUMAN Pro-neuregulin-2, membrane-bound isoform (sprot)

A pro-neuregulin-2, membrane-bound isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


SOCS7_HUMAN Suppressor of cytokine signaling 7 (sprot)

A suppressor of cytokine signaling 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


NCKP5_HUMAN Nck-associated protein 5 (sprot)

A Nck-associated protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AGRB1_HUMAN Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1 (sprot)

An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatidylserine binding

Binding to phosphatidylserine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


peripheral nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.


negative regulation of protein ubiquitination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.


apoptotic cell clearance

The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.


engulfment of apoptotic cell

The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.


regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


positive regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


CDKA1_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA polymerase binding

Binding to a DNA polymerase.


DNA-templated DNA replication

A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.


NuRD complex

An approximately 2 MDa multi-subunit complex that exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity in addition to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and has been shown to establish transcriptional repression of a number of target genes in vertebrates, invertebrates and fungi. Amongst its subunits, the NuRD complex contains histone deacetylases, histone binding proteins and Mi-2-like proteins.


AQP7_HUMAN Aquaporin-7 (sprot)

An aquaporin-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycerol channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of glycerol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


glycerol transmembrane transport

The directed movement of glycerol across a membrane. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


DHSD_HUMAN Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial (sprot)

A succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol.


electron transfer activity

Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport chain. An electron transport chain is a process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


ubiquinone binding

Binding to ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units.


tricarboxylic acid cycle

A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.


mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone

The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.


regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.


mitochondrial envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


PTPRT_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T that is encoded in the genome of human.


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


beta-catenin binding

Binding to a catenin beta subunit.


thiolester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RCO-SR' + H2O = RCOOH + HSR'. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a thiolester bond, an ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR'), such as that found in acetyl-coenzyme A.


alpha-catenin binding

Binding to catenin complex alpha subunit.


gamma-catenin binding

Binding to catenin complex gamma subunit.


delta-catenin binding

Binding to the delta subunit of the catenin complex.


STAT family protein binding

Binding to a member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) protein family. STATs are, as the name indicates, both signal transducers and transcription factors. STATs are activated by cytokines and some growth factors and thus control important biological processes including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis and immune responses.


peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation

The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.


regulation of synapse organization

Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).


cellular response to interleukin-6

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via STAT.


peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity

Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity.


C2C2L_HUMAN Phospholipid transfer protein C2CD2L (sprot)

A phospholipid transfer protein C2CD2L that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane

The side (leaflet) of the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


insulin binding

Binding to insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.


cortical endoplasmic reticulum

A cortical network of highly dynamic tubules that are juxtaposed to the plasma membrane and undergo ring closure and tubule-branching movements.


NEMP1_HUMAN Nuclear envelope integral membrane protein 1 (sprot)

A nuclear envelope integral membrane protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


erythrocyte enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus during erythrocyte maturation.


erythrocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.


nuclear membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.


ASTN1_HUMAN Astrotactin-1 (sprot)

An astrotactin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FCHO1_HUMAN F-BAR domain only protein 1 (sprot)

An F-BAR domain only protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CUX2_HUMAN Homeobox protein cut-like 2 (sprot)

A homeobox protein cut-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


short-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.


positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


cellular response to organic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.


TXND9_HUMAN Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 9 (sprot)

A thioredoxin domain-containing protein 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DPYL4_HUMAN Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 4 (sprot)

A dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


filamin binding

Binding to a filamin, any member of a family of high molecular mass cytoskeletal proteins that crosslink actin filaments to form networks and stress fibers. Filamins contain an amino-terminal alpha-actinin-like actin binding domain, which is followed by a rod-domain composed of 4 to 24 100-residue repetitive segments including a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain.


SOCS3_HUMAN Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (sprot)

A suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein kinase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein kinase.


protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity

Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase.


miRNA binding

Binding to a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.


negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.


placenta blood vessel development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


cellular response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


SOCS6_HUMAN Suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (sprot)

A suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


proteasomal protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


negative regulation of T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


immunological synapse

An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.


TRAD1_HUMAN TRAF-type zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A TRAF-type zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


COX7R_HUMAN Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.


G3PT_HUMAN Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific (sprot)

A glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific that is encoded in the genome of human.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.


NAD binding

Binding to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.


glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.


positive regulation of glycolytic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.


HSPB6_HUMAN Heat shock protein beta-6 (sprot)

A heat shock protein beta-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


structural constituent of eye lens

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye.


RHG33_HUMAN Rho GTPase-activating protein 33 (sprot)

A Rho GTPase-activating protein 33 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to toxic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


ACPM_HUMAN Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

An acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


acyl carrier activity

Binding an acyl group and presenting it for processing or offloading to a cognate enzyme. Covalently binds the acyl group via a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediates protein-protein interactions with the enzyme conferring specificity. The acyl carrier protein (ACP) presents substrates to enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis or in polyketide secondary metabolite biosynthesis.


fatty acid binding

Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


iron-sulfur cluster assembly

The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


[2Fe-2S] cluster assembly

The incorporation of two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.


iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex

A protein complex capable of assembling an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster.


UBFD1_HUMAN Ubiquitin domain-containing protein UBFD1 (sprot)

A ubiquitin domain-containing protein UBFD1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


C56D2_HUMAN Transmembrane reductase CYB561D2 (sprot)

A transmembrane reductase CYB561D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transmembrane ascorbate ferrireductase activity

Oxidation of Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) on the outer side of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.


transmembrane monodehydroascorbate reductase activity

Oxidation of monodehydroascorbate outside of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.


ascorbate homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ascorbate at the level of a cell.


DC1I1_HUMAN Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 1 (sprot)

A cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


spectrin binding

Binding to spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.


vesicle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.


cytoplasmic dynein complex

Any dynein complex with a homodimeric dynein heavy chain core that catalyzes movement along a microtubule. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Some complexes participate in intraflagellar transport. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.


CTRO_HUMAN Citron Rho-interacting kinase (sprot)

A citron Rho-interacting kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


transcription coactivator binding

Binding to a transcription coactivator, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.


mitotic cell cycle

Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.


positive regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.


generation of neurons

The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.


neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.


COPE_HUMAN Coatomer subunit epsilon (sprot)

A coatomer subunit epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human.


intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).


protein localization to axon

A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within an axon.


COPI vesicle coat

One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state.


OR7AH_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 7A17 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 7A17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RFXK_HUMAN DNA-binding protein RFXANK (sprot)

A DNA-binding protein RFXANK that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone deacetylase binding

Binding to histone deacetylase.


NCAN_HUMAN Neurocan core protein (sprot)

A neurocan core protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


hyaluronic acid binding

Binding to hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.


CTDS2_HUMAN Carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 (sprot)

A carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine/threonine (consensus YSPTSPS) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


VCY1_HUMAN Testis-specific basic protein Y 1 (sprot)

A testis-specific basic protein Y 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VCY2_HUMAN Testis-specific basic protein Y 2 (sprot)

A testis-specific basic protein Y 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HECT domain binding

Binding to a HECT, 'Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxy-Terminus', domain of a protein.


IF1AY_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, Y-chromosomal (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, Y-chromosomal that is encoded in the genome of human.


TYB4Y_HUMAN Thymosin beta-4, Y-chromosomal (sprot)

A thymosin beta-4, Y-chromosomal that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.


UTY_HUMAN Histone demethylase UTY (sprot)

A histone demethylase UTY that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone.


XKRY_HUMAN Testis-specific XK-related protein, Y-linked (sprot)

A testis-specific XK-related protein, Y-linked that is encoded in the genome of human.


GBGT2_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BORG1_HUMAN Cdc42 effector protein 2 (sprot)

A Cdc42 effector protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


opioid peptide activity

Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.


AP3D1_HUMAN AP-3 complex subunit delta-1 (sprot)

An AP-3 complex subunit delta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


synaptic vesicle coating

The formation of clathrin coated pits in the presynaptic membrane endocytic zone, triggered by the presence of high concentrations of synaptic vesicle components. This process leads to, but does not include budding of the membrane to form new vesicles.


endosome to melanosome transport

The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle.


zinc ion import into lysosome

The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a lysosome.


CCS_HUMAN Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (sprot)

A copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein-disulfide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds.


protein maturation by copper ion transfer

A process that contributes to the delivery of copper ions to a target protein.


CXL11_HUMAN C-X-C motif chemokine 11 (sprot)

A C-X-C motif chemokine 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR3 chemokine receptor.


adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


GP171_HUMAN G-protein coupled receptor 171 (sprot)

A G-protein coupled receptor 171 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuropeptide receptor activity

Combining with a neuropeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity

Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


neuropeptide binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuropeptides, peptides with direct synaptic effects (peptide neurotransmitters) or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system (peptide neuromodulators).


adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine nucleotide binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


CDX4_HUMAN Homeobox protein CDX-4 (sprot)

A homeobox protein CDX-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


labyrinthine layer development

The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta progresses, from its formation to its mature state.


ZN195_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 195 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 195 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LCE2B_HUMAN Late cornified envelope protein 2B (sprot)

A late cornified envelope protein 2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


epidermis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


ENPP3_HUMAN Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (sprot)

An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


inorganic diphosphate transport

The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phosphodiesterase I activity

Catalysis of the sequential hydrolytic removal of 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated oligonucleotides.


nucleoside triphosphate diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a nucleotide + H+ + diphosphate.


basophil activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.


phosphate ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell.


negative regulation of mast cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.


ABLM1_HUMAN Actin-binding LIM protein 1 (sprot)

An actin-binding LIM protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


animal organ morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


DVL1_HUMAN Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 (sprot)

A segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuromuscular junction development

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.


synaptic vesicle exocytosis

Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.


neural tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.


convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation

The process of directed cell movement in the neural plate resulting in tissue elongation via intercalation of adjacent cells in an epithelial sheet at the midline, leading to narrowing and lengthening of the neural plate.


cytoplasmic microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.


positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


protein localization to nucleus

A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus.


social behavior

Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.


protein localization to microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin.


collateral sprouting

The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.


axon extension

Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.


dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.


prepulse inhibition

The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.


skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering

The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals.


cochlea morphogenesis

The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.


positive regulation of neuron projection arborization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches.


neuronal dense core vesicle

A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals.


Wnt signalosome

A multiprotein protein complex containing membrane-localized Wnt receptors and cytosolic protein complexes, which is capable of transmitting the Wnt signal. Contains at least a Wnt protein, LRP5 or LRP6, a member of the Frizzled (Fz) family, Axin and and a Dishevelled (DVL) protein.


DVL2_HUMAN Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 (sprot)

A segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neural tube closure

The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.


positive regulation of JUN kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.


aggresome

An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.


clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle

A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.


IDLC_HUMAN Axonemal dynein light intermediate polypeptide 1 (sprot)

An axonemal dynein light intermediate polypeptide 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sperm flagellum assembly

The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellum, the microtubule-based axoneme and associated structures that are part of a sperm flagellum (or cilium).


dynein axonemal particle

An aggregation of axonemal dyneins, their specific assembly factors, and broadly-acting chaperones that is located in the cytoplasm.


dynein complex

Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.


CHD1_HUMAN Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.


positive regulation by host of viral transcription

Any process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.


nuclear chromosome

A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.


CHD2_HUMAN Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 2 (sprot)

A chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


KCNK3_HUMAN Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 (sprot)

A potassium channel subfamily K member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


open rectifier potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an open rectifier voltage-gated channel. An open rectifier current-voltage relationship is one in which the direction of rectification depends on the external potassium ion concentration.


S100 protein binding

Binding to a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.


negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.


cellular response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


GOSR2_HUMAN Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2 (sprot)

A Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.


IRS4_HUMAN Insulin receptor substrate 4 (sprot)

An insulin receptor substrate 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TOR1A_HUMAN Torsin-1A (sprot)

A torsin-1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.


misfolded protein binding

Binding to a misfolded protein.


protein deneddylation

The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.


organelle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


nuclear envelope organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.


synaptic vesicle transport

The directed movement of synaptic vesicles.


synaptic vesicle membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding

The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.


regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.


synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.


secretory granule

A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.


TOR1B_HUMAN Torsin-1B (sprot)

A torsin-1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


STX16_HUMAN Syntaxin-16 (sprot)

A syntaxin-16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNAP receptor activity

Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.


Golgi cisterna

Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.


TMG1_HUMAN Transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 1 (sprot)

A transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TMG2_HUMAN Transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 2 (sprot)

A transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADA10_HUMAN Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (sprot)

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).


endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.


metallodipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any metalloendopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


protein processing

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


adherens junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


response to tumor necrosis factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.


epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation

Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a ligand for an epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand is functional when it can bind to and activate an epidermal growth factor receptor.


monocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.


constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs constantly, regardless of environmental conditions or demands.


regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane.


protein catabolic process at postsynapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a postsynapse.


regulation of vasculature development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.


Golgi-associated vesicle

Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum

The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.


tetraspanin-enriched microdomain

A pre-organized unit composed either of adhesion molecules (mainly integrins and members of the Ig superfamily), signaling receptors and/or enzyme-enriched plasma membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains might be specially suited for the regulation of avidity of adhesion receptors and the compartmentalization of enzymatic activities.


pore complex

A protein complex providing a discrete opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.


ABCD4_HUMAN Lysosomal cobalamin transporter ABCD4 (sprot)

A lysosomal cobalamin transporter ABCD4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABC-type vitamin B12 transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: vitamin B12(out) + ATP + H2O = ADP + an vitamin B12(in) + H+ + phosphate. Vitamin B12 is alkylcob(III)alamin.


ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transporter of a solute across a membrane, via the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance across a membrane. The transport protein may be transiently phosphorylated (P-type transporters), or not (ABC-type transporters and other families of transporters). Primary active transport occurs up the solute's concentration gradient and is driven by a primary energy source.


cobalamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


cobalamin transport

The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex

A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.


EI24_HUMAN Etoposide-induced protein 2.4 homolog (sprot)

An etoposide-induced protein 2.4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


importin-alpha family protein binding

Binding to a member of the importin-alpha family.


ENC1_HUMAN Ectoderm-neural cortex protein 1 (sprot)

An ectoderm-neural cortex protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.


P5I11_HUMAN Tumor protein p53-inducible protein 11 (sprot)

A tumor protein p53-inducible protein 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTGES_HUMAN Prostaglandin E synthase (sprot)

A prostaglandin E synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


glutathione transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group.


glutathione peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized glutathione + 2 H2O.


prostaglandin-D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin D(2).


glutathione binding

Binding to glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.


prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin E(2).


prostaglandin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.


sensory perception of pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.


regulation of fever generation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation.


positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.


regulation of inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


nuclear envelope lumen

The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope; 20-40 nm wide.


KMT2D_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


histone H3K4 monomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me.


histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3.


oocyte growth

The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


heterochromatin formation

An epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in which chromatin is compacted into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation.


positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin-TCF complex.


MLL3/4 complex

A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.


ZN197_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 197 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 197 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITBP1_HUMAN Integrin beta-1-binding protein 1 (sprot)

An integrin beta-1-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

Prevents the dissociation of GDP from a GTPase, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.


negative regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.


negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration

The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.


negative regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


negative regulation of protein binding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.


activation of protein kinase B activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.


regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


tube formation

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.


cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


myoblast migration

The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


positive regulation of stress fiber assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


positive regulation of cell division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.


positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


negative regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


blood vessel diameter maintenance

Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.


negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


RGPD8_HUMAN RANBP2-like and GRIP domain-containing protein 8 (sprot)

A RANBP2-like and GRIP domain-containing protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRDMT_HUMAN tRNA (cytosine(38)-C(5))-methyltransferase (sprot)

A tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


tRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule.


tRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in a tRNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylcytosine.


response to amphetamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.


tRNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


tRNA stabilization

Prevention of degradation of tRNA molecules.


OPSX_HUMAN Visual pigment-like receptor peropsin (sprot)

A visual pigment-like receptor peropsin that is encoded in the genome of human.


detection of visible light

The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


APAF_HUMAN Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (sprot)

An apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleotide binding

Binding to a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.


cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process

Binds to and increases the rate of proteolysis catalyzed by a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


heat shock protein binding

Binding to a heat shock protein, a protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.


ADP binding

Binding to ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


kidney development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.


cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


forebrain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.


apoptosome

A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


RIOK3_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO3 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


caspase binding

Binding to a caspase family protein.


negative regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of the MDA-5 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.


cellular response to dsRNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


cellular response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


preribosome, small subunit precursor

A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.


IMPA2_HUMAN Inositol monophosphatase 2 (sprot)

An inositol monophosphatase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


inositol monophosphate 3-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


inositol monophosphate 4-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


inositol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


response to lithium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.


MP2K7_HUMAN Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (sprot)

A dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli.


MAP kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.


protein tyrosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.


JUN kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues in a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of a subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which signal in response to cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) is a dual-specificity protein kinase kinase and requires activation by a serine/threonine kinase JUN kinase kinase kinase.


molecular function activator activity

A molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.


response to osmotic stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.


response to heat

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.


positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


positive regulation of telomerase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).


cellular senescence

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.


positive regulation of telomere capping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.


regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


ACOT8_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8 (sprot)

An acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O = acetate + CoA + H+.


succinyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + succinyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + succinate.


CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: X-CoA + H2O = X + CoA; X may be any group.


choloyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + H2O = cholate + CoA.


acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H+.


acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + a carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + CoA + H+.


medium-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a medium-chain acyl-CoA = a medium-chain carboxylate + CoA. A medium chain is a chain of between eight and twelve carbons in length.


acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.


bile acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


dicarboxylic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


negative regulation of CD4 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.


CDIPT_HUMAN CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase (sprot)

A CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H+.


PDCD5_HUMAN Programmed cell death protein 5 (sprot)

A programmed cell death protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


acetyltransferase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of an acetyltransferase, an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.


beta-tubulin binding

Binding to the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin.


positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane.


negative regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


ANM5_HUMAN Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (sprot)

A protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptidyl-arginine N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


p53 binding

Binding to one of the p53 family of proteins.


methyl-CpG binding

Binding to a methylated cytosine/guanine dinucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (protein)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (protein)-N-methyl-arginine.


protein-arginine omega-N symmetric methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that is not already methylated, resulting in symmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyled arginine residues.


histone methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl-histone. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


histone H4R3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H4, producing histone H4R3me.


histone H3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H3 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H3. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


DNA-templated transcription termination

The completion of transcription: the RNA polymerase pauses, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, followed by the release of the RNA polymerase from its DNA template.


regulation of mitotic nuclear division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.


peptidyl-arginine methylation

The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.


endothelial cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


negative regulation of gene expression via CpG island methylation

An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that negatively regulates gene expression by methylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal CpG islands. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


Golgi ribbon formation

The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae.


liver regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


methylosome

A large (20 S) protein complex that possesses protein arginine methyltransferase activity and modifies specific arginines to dimethylarginines in the arginine- and glycine-rich domains of several spliceosomal Sm proteins, thereby targeting these proteins to the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex for assembly into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) core particles. Proteins found in the methylosome include the methyltransferase JBP1 (PRMT5), pICln (CLNS1A), MEP50 (WDR77), and unmethylated forms of SM proteins that have RG domains.


NHRF1_HUMAN Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1 (sprot)

A Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


morphogenesis of an epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


gamma-aminobutyric acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of gamma-aminobutyric acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is 4-aminobutyrate (GABA).


beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding

Binding to a beta-2 adrenergic receptor.


type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor.


type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor.


myosin II binding

Binding to a class II myosin, any member of the class of 'conventional' double-headed myosins that includes muscle myosin.


dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a dopamine receptor.


growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a growth factor receptor.


channel activator activity

Direct interaction with a channel (binding or modification), resulting in its opening. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


renal sodium ion transport

The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the renal system.


nuclear migration

The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.


adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of cell size

Any process that modulates the size of a cell.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.


microvillus assembly

Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.


intracellular phosphate ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of phosphate ions within a cell.


bile acid secretion

The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue.


glutathione transport

The directed movement of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


cilium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.


negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.