mesonephros development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney.


endothelial cell proliferation

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The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


blood vessel remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


metanephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.


salivary gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.


positive regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


pituitary gland development

The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


embryonic camera-type eye development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that activates or increases the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


lacrimal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.


regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


tissue regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.


muscle cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.


positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


regulation of saliva secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or a tissue.


embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.


female genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized.


male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.


positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


urothelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of urothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Urothelial cells make up a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria.


induction of positive chemotaxis

Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


positive regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


limb bud formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.


lung saccule development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.


bronchiole morphogenesis

The process in which a bronchiole is generated and organized. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.


bud elongation involved in lung branching

The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.


prostatic bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


mammary gland bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the mammary placode. A mammary bud is bulb of epithelial cells that is distinct from the surrounding epidermis.


submandibular salivary gland formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium.


branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.


semicircular canal fusion

Creation of the central hole of the semicircular canal by sealing the edges of the pouch that forms during the process of semicircular canal formation.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


secretion by lung epithelial cell involved in lung growth

The controlled release of liquid by a lung epithelial cell that contributes to an increase in size of the lung as part of its development.


lung proximal/distal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the lung. The proximal/distal axis of the lung is defined by a line that runs from the trachea to the alveoli.


tear secretion

The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.


white fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.


positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


Harderian gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.


positive regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.


fibroblast growth factor receptor apoptotic signaling pathway

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An apoptotic signaling pathway that starts with a ligand binding to, or being withdrawn from, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


NKX28_HUMAN Homeobox protein Nkx-2.8 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Nkx-2.8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DDX3Y_HUMAN ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3Y (sprot)

An ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3Y that is encoded in the genome of human.


SOCS1_HUMAN Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (sprot)

A suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


kinase inhibitor activity

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Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a kinase.


macrophage differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.


MAFG_HUMAN Transcription factor MafG (sprot)

A transcription factor MafG that is encoded in the genome of human.


OGG1_HUMAN N-glycosylase/DNA lyase (sprot)

An N-glycosylase/DNA lyase that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleotide-excision repair

A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).


negative regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of oxidized purine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apurinic (AP) site.


oxidized purine DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue.


8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar.


class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of an AP site 3' of the baseless site by a beta-lyase mechanism, leaving an unsaturated aldehyde, termed a 3'-(4-hydroxy-5-phospho-2-pentenal) residue, and a 5'-phosphate.


base-excision repair

In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


response to light stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.


positive regulation of gene expression via CpG island demethylation

An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that positively regulates gene expression by demethylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal CpG islands. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


depurination

The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.


depyrimidination

The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.


response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


CP27B_HUMAN 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = calcitriol + H2O + NADP+.


secalciferol 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] + secalciferol = calcitetrol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


vitamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.


negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


response to vitamin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.


calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciol

Conversion of vitamin D3 from its largely inactive form (calciol, also called cholecalciferol) into a hormonally active form (calcitriol). Conversion requires 25-hydroxylation of calciol in the liver to form calcidiol, and subsequent 1,alpha-hydroxylation of calcidiol in the kidney to form calcitriol.


vitamin D metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


decidualization

The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.


G1 to G0 transition

A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.


positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


GPR42_HUMAN G-protein coupled receptor 42 (sprot)

A G-protein coupled receptor 42 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDPK1_HUMAN 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (sprot)

A 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


phospholipase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.


positive regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

Any process that modulates the canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade.


regulation of mast cell degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.


TPSN_HUMAN Tapasin (sprot)

A tapasin that is encoded in the genome of human.


TAP1 binding

Binding to the TAP1 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein.


TAP2 binding

Binding to the TAP2 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein.


TAP complex binding

Binding to a TAP complex.


MHC class Ib protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


peptide antigen stabilization

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide antigen and preventing it from being degraded.


Tapasin-ERp57 complex

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Subunit of the MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824) (=PLC) involved in the assembly of the heavy-chain-beta2-microglobulin dimers of the MHC class I molecules that fold with eight to ten residue peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required for the inhibition of the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the heavy chains and the assembly and stabilization of the PLC, suggesting it may play a structural rather than a catalytic role.


lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the lumen.


MHC class I peptide loading complex

A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.


PER1_HUMAN Period circadian protein homolog 1 (sprot)

A period circadian protein homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


kinase binding

Binding to a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group.


regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


entrainment of circadian clock

The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light.


post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript.


regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


ZSC9_HUMAN Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 9 (sprot)

A zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


XLRS1_HUMAN Retinoschisin (sprot)

A retinoschisin that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuron to neuron synapse

A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons.


RGS5_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FABP7_HUMAN Fatty acid-binding protein, brain (sprot)

A fatty acid-binding protein, brain that is encoded in the genome of human.


R113A_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF113A (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF113A that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


U2-type precatalytic spliceosome

A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1, U2 and U4/U6.U5 snRNPs.


P2RX6_HUMAN P2X purinoceptor 6 (sprot)

A P2X purinoceptor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


purinergic nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


channel activity

Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.


response to ATP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular purine nucleotide binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


postsynaptic specialization membrane

The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


KDM6A_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 6A (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 6A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLD3_HUMAN Claudin-3 (sprot)

A claudin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


epithelial cell morphogenesis

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.


establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier

Establishment of the endothelial barrier between the blood and the brain. The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.


cell junction maintenance

The organization process that preserves a cell junction in a stable functional or structural state. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


bicellular tight junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.


regulation of membrane permeability

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


response to Gram-positive bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-positive bacterium.


regulation of transepithelial transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial transport.


positive regulation of cell junction assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.


FFAR2_HUMAN Free fatty acid receptor 2 (sprot)

A free fatty acid receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response

The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.


regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


lipid storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


MEFV_HUMAN Pyrin (sprot)

A pyrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of interleukin-1 beta production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.


negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.


canonical inflammasome complex

A cytosolic protein complex that is capable of activating caspase-1.


KCNN4_HUMAN Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 (sprot)

An intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


cell volume homeostasis

Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.


stabilization of membrane potential

The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


phospholipid translocation

The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


saliva secretion

The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


DHX15_HUMAN ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX15 (sprot)

An ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U2-type post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex

A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.


ATP-dependent activity, acting on RNA

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of RNA, and it drives another reaction.


response to alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


U12-type spliceosomal complex

Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron; the series of U12-type spliceosomal complexes is involved in the splicing of the majority of introns that contain atypical AT-AC terminal dinucleotides, as well as other non-canonical introns. The entire splice site signal, not just the terminal dinucleotides, is involved in determining which spliceosome utilizes the site.


SGSM2_HUMAN Small G protein signaling modulator 2 (sprot)

A small G protein signaling modulator 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


late endosome to Golgi transport

The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi.


MCES_HUMAN mRNA cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase (sprot)

An mRNA cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA. m7G(5')pppR-RNA is mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap; R may be guanosine or adenosine.


7-methylguanosine mRNA capping

Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript.


mRNA cap methyltransferase complex

A protein complex that consists of an RNA 5' triphosphatase and a guanyl transferase (Cet1p and Ceg1p in S. cerevisiae; Pct1 and Ceg1 in S. pombe) and is involved in mRNA capping.


ZZEF1_HUMAN Zinc finger ZZ-type and EF-hand domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A zinc finger ZZ-type and EF-hand domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone reader activity

A chromatin adaptor that recognizes specific forms of histones, either modified by a post-translational modification, or the unmodified form. Histone readers have roles in many processes, including in centromere function or in modulating the accessibility of cis-regulatory regions to the transcription machinery.


ASAP2_HUMAN Arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 (sprot)

An Arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TET3_HUMAN Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3 (sprot)

A methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


methylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


5-methylcytosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


epigenetic programing of male pronucleus

The global programming of epigenetic modifications in the male pronucleus of the newly fertilized zygote. The most major change in the paternal genome is DNA demethylation, which takes place before the first cell division.


female pronucleus

The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized.


male pronucleus

The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.


FLRT2_HUMAN Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT2 (sprot)

A leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chemorepellent activity

Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of that signal.


negative chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.


cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


basement membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane.


TTI1_HUMAN TELO2-interacting protein 1 homolog (sprot)

A TELO2-interacting protein 1 homolog that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of TOR signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.


positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.


TTT complex

A protein complex responsible for the stabilisation of protein levels of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) family proteins. The TTT complex can also be found as part of the ASTRA complex (GO:0070209).


TORC1 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p.


TORC2 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of PKB (also called AKT). In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Avo1p, Avo2p, Tsc11p, Lst8p, Bit61p, Slm1p, Slm2p, and Tor2p.


PLXB1_HUMAN Plexin-B1 (sprot)

A plexin-B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GTPase activating protein binding

Binding to a GTPase activating protein.


negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


ossification involved in bone maturation

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


regulation of cytoskeleton organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.


inhibitory synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.


RRP8_HUMAN Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 8 (sprot)

A ribosomal RNA-processing protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a substrate.


rDNA heterochromatin formation

The formation of heterochromatin at ribosomal DNA, characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.


cellular response to glucose starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.


regulation of transcription by glucose

Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


eNoSc complex

A chromatin silencing complex that recruits histone-modifying enzymes and upregulates silencing of rDNA in response to glucose starvation.


chromatin silencing complex

Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.


rDNA heterochromatin

A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.


PJA2_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Praja-2 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Praja-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding

Binding to one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.


protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding

Binding to one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.


SI1L1_HUMAN Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like protein 1 (sprot)

A signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ephrin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by ephrin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of axonogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.


ZBT24_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 24 (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 24 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CYB5B_HUMAN Cytochrome b5 type B (sprot)

A cytochrome b5 type B that is encoded in the genome of human.


nitrite reductase (NO-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitric oxide + H2O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.


nitric-oxide synthase complex

A protein complex which is capable of nitric-oxide synthase activity.


PRP4_HUMAN U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp4 (sprot)

A U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs.


U4/U6 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the extensively base paired small nuclear RNAs U4 and U6, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins associated with U4, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex associated with U6, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4 snRNP or U6 snRNPs, some of which remain associated with the U4/U6 snRNA both while the U4 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


spliceosomal snRNP complex

A small ribonucleoprotein complex involved in formation of the spliceosome.


SIA8C_HUMAN Sia-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-R:alpha 2,8-sialyltransferase (sprot)

A sia-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-R:alpha 2,8-sialyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ganglioside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


N-glycan processing

The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking.


glycoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


oligosaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


sialylation

The covalent attachment of sialic acid to a substrate molecule.


CP26A_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 26A1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 26A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


retinoic acid binding

Binding to retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.


retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of retinoic acid to 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


oxygen binding

Binding to oxygen (O2).


all-trans retinoic acid 4-hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-(4S)-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


retinoic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


retinoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


SERA_HUMAN D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (sprot)

A D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+.


glycine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


L-serine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


threonine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


taurine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


NDUS4_HUMAN NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


RHG06_HUMAN Rho GTPase-activating protein 6 (sprot)

A Rho GTPase-activating protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of stress fiber assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


ADA12_HUMAN Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 (sprot)

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRX_HUMAN Cone-rod homeobox protein (sprot)

A cone-rod homeobox protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


leucine zipper domain binding

Binding to a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.


IRAK2_HUMAN Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2 (sprot)

An interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


PHF1_HUMAN PHD finger protein 1 (sprot)

A PHD finger protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MTLR_HUMAN Motilin receptor (sprot)

A motilin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


hormone binding

Binding to an hormone, a naturally occurring substance secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. Hormones may be produced by the same, or different, cell as express the receptor.


GPR39_HUMAN G-protein coupled receptor 39 (sprot)

A G-protein coupled receptor 39 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MSH5_HUMAN MutS protein homolog 5 (sprot)

A MutS protein homolog 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SEPT4_HUMAN Septin-4 (sprot)

A septin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells.


sperm annulus

The ring-like, filamentous structure located at the distal end of the midpiece of the sperm flagellum; the annulus is thought to form a diffusion barrier between the midpiece and the principal piece and serve as a stabilizing structure for tail rigidity.


septin complex

A protein complex containing septins. Typically, these complexes contain multiple septins and are oligomeric.


DC1L2_HUMAN Cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 2 (sprot)

A cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK10_HUMAN Kallikrein-10 (sprot)

A kallikrein-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PSMD3_HUMAN 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 (sprot)

A 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


enzyme regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.


CTR4_HUMAN Cationic amino acid transporter 4 (sprot)

A cationic amino acid transporter 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have side chains with a positive charge at pH 7.3.


basic amino acid transmembrane transport

The directed movement of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


CMIP4_HUMAN Ciliary microtubule inner protein 4 (sprot)

A testis-expressed protein 33 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXC11_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-C11 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-C11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.


The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton.


RFOX2_HUMAN RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 2 (sprot)

An RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA metabolic process

The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


PAPS1_HUMAN Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1 (sprot)

A bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


adenylylsulfate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylsulfate = ADP + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylylsulfate.


nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.


sulfate assimilation

The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


SIAH2_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH2 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


amyloid fibril formation

The generation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure, from proteins.


ZNHI1_HUMAN Zinc finger HIT domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A zinc finger HIT domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


heart process

A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


positive regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


LEU1_HUMAN Leukemia-associated protein 1 (sprot)

A leukemia-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZW10_HUMAN Centromere/kinetochore protein zw10 homolog (sprot)

A centromere/kinetochore protein zw10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


centromeric DNA binding

Binding to a centromere, a region of chromosome where the spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis.


mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment

A chromosome localization process whereby chromosomes are positioned in a specific order and orientation at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), during mitotic chromosome segregation. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.


regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.


protein localization to kinetochore

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the kinetochore.


regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


kinetochore microtubule

Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation.


RZZ complex

A kinetochore component required for both meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints.


PROD_HUMAN Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

A proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


proline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


proline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


proline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


proline catabolic process to glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.


4-hydroxyproline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


SPIT1_HUMAN Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 1 (sprot)

A Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of glial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.


TREA_HUMAN Trehalase (sprot)

A trehalase that is encoded in the genome of human.


alpha,alpha-trehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.


trehalose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


trehalose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


EFS_HUMAN Embryonal Fyn-associated substrate (sprot)

An embryonal Fyn-associated substrate that is encoded in the genome of human.


M3K13_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 13 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAP kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.


IkappaB kinase complex binding

Binding to a IkappaB kinase complex.


positive regulation of neuron maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.


positive regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.


B4GT5_HUMAN Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 (sprot)

A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine.


galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + a glucosylceramide = a lactosylceramide + uridine-5'-diphosphate. The glucosylceramide has sphinganine as the long chain base.


ganglioside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gangliosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.


central nervous system neuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.


central nervous system myelination

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


positive regulation of embryonic development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


SNUT1_HUMAN U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP-associated protein 1 (sprot)

A U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.


catalytic step 2 spliceosome

A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.


SPIT2_HUMAN Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 2 (sprot)

A Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase.


epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in placental branching

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a trophoblast cell elongates to contribute to the branching of the placenta.


GPAA1_HUMAN Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein (sprot)

A glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPI-anchor transamidase activity

Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.


GPI anchor binding

Binding to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. GPI anchors serve to attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.


protein retention in ER lumen

The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.


attachment of GPI anchor to protein

A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain.


GPI-anchor transamidase complex

An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxy-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.


DAPK3_HUMAN Death-associated protein kinase 3 (sprot)

A death-associated protein kinase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cAMP response element binding protein binding

Binding to a cAMP response element binding protein (a CREB protein).


regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


regulation of myosin II filament organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


regulation of focal adhesion assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


regulation of cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


TGFI1_HUMAN Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein (sprot)

A transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


Roundabout binding

Binding to Roundabout (ROBO) receptor, a transmembrane receptor.


nuclear androgen receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear androgen receptor.


SRGP3_HUMAN SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase-activating protein 3 (sprot)

A SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase-activating protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN264_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 264 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 264 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZBT43_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 43 (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 43 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA polymerase III general transcription initiation factor binding

Binding to an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase III.


AP5Z1_HUMAN AP-5 complex subunit zeta-1 (sprot)

An AP-5 complex subunit zeta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AP-5 adaptor complex

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex

Any of several heterotetrameric complexes that link clathrin (or another coat-forming molecule, as hypothesized for AP-3 and AP-4) to a membrane surface; they are found on coated pits and coated vesicles, and mediate sorting of cargo proteins into vesicles. Each AP complex contains two large (a beta and one of either an alpha, gamma, delta, or epsilon) subunits (110-130 kDa), a medium (mu) subunit (approximately 50 kDa), and a small (sigma) subunit (15-20 kDa).


LRRT2_HUMAN Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 2 (sprot)

A leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of postsynaptic density assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density.


excitatory synapse

A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.


HS12A_HUMAN Heat shock 70 kDa protein 12A (sprot)

A heat shock 70 kDa protein 12A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP110_HUMAN Centriolar coiled-coil protein of 110 kDa (sprot)

A centriolar coiled-coil protein of 110 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


ciliary basal body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ciliary basal body, a short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum).


regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.


positive regulation of cilium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.


negative regulation of cilium assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.


S14L5_HUMAN SEC14-like protein 5 (sprot)

A SEC14-like protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADCY6_HUMAN Adenylate cyclase type 6 (sprot)

An adenylate cyclase type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


adenylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.


protein kinase C binding

Binding to protein kinase C.


renal water homeostasis

Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body.


cAMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


negative regulation of urine volume

Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.


cellular response to catecholamine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


cellular response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


cellular response to forskolin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.


ARHG9_HUMAN Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (sprot)

A Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZSC12_HUMAN Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 12 (sprot)

A zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CTIF_HUMAN CBP80/20-dependent translation initiation factor (sprot)

A CBP80/20-dependent translation initiation factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


MTSS1_HUMAN Protein MTSS 1 (sprot)

A protein MTSS 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


actin monomer binding

Binding to monomeric actin, also known as G-actin.


microspike assembly

Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.


renal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.


nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis

Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis.


ATMIN_HUMAN ATM interactor (sprot)

An ATM interactor that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of non-motile cilium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.


VIP2_HUMAN Inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase 2 (sprot)

An inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown.


inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.


inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown.


inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate.


inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


inositol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


AQP9_HUMAN Aquaporin-9 (sprot)

An aquaporin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


urea transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of urea from one side of a membrane to the other. Urea is the water soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.


urea channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of urea (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


purine nucleobase transport

The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


canalicular bile acid transport

Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a hepatocyte plasma membrane into a bile canaliculus. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


pyrimidine nucleobase transport

The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to pain

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


PAX4_HUMAN Paired box protein Pax-4 (sprot)

A paired box protein Pax-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


M3K7_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Binding to a type II transforming growth factor beta receptor.


MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.


histone kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone.


protein serine/threonine kinase binding

Binding to a protein serine/threonine kinase.


linear polyubiquitin binding

Binding to a linear polymer of ubiquitin. Linear ubiquitin polymers are formed by linking the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule to the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next.


positive regulation of T cell cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


positive regulation of interleukin-2 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.


nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-33 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17A binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


anoikis

Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


positive regulation of cell size

Any process that increases cell size.


cellular response to angiotensin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.


ATAC complex

A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and possibly H4. Shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of GCN5/PCAF-ADA2-ADA3-SGF29 (or orthologs) with the related SAGA complex (GO:0000124). Contains HAT subunits GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. In addition to the HAT module contains DR1/NC2B, KAT14, MBIP, WDR5, YEATS2 and ZZZ3 or orthologs. Also regulates the activity of non-histone targets and orchestrates mitotic progression by regulating Cyclin A degradation through acetylation.


FGF16_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor 16 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


regulation of sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.


response to temperature stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


DHH_HUMAN Desert hedgehog protein (sprot)

A desert hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


patched binding

Binding to a patched (ptc) protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins.


Catalysis of the transfer of a cholesterol to an acceptor protein.


male sex determination

The specification of male sex of an individual organism.


Leydig cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.


regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


self proteolysis

The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


MCA3_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon-1 (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


positive regulation of cellular senescence

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.


aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex

A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.


LYRM1_HUMAN LYR motif-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A LYR motif-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN208_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 208 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 208 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MSI1H_HUMAN RNA-binding protein Musashi homolog 1 (sprot)

An RNA-binding protein Musashi homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


poly(U) RNA binding

Binding to a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule.


response to hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.


RIPK2_HUMAN Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (sprot)

A receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein.


LIM domain binding

Binding to a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


immature T cell proliferation in thymus

The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division in the thymus.


positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


response to interleukin-12

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.


response to interleukin-18

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


cellular response to peptidoglycan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


cellular response to muramyl dipeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase.


ZN749_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 749 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 749 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA2_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A2 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


rhombomere 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


rhombomere 3 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


brain segmentation

Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.


muscle structure development

The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.


HXA3_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A3 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HMG box domain binding

Binding to an HMG box domain, a protein domain that consists of three helices in an irregular array. HMG-box domains are found in one or more copies in HMG-box proteins, which form a large, diverse family involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and strand repair, all of which require the bending and unwinding of chromatin.


glossopharyngeal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


animal organ formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.


RASL2_HUMAN Ras GTPase-activating protein 4 (sprot)

A Ras GTPase-activating protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


WDR62_HUMAN WD repeat-containing protein 62 (sprot)

A WD repeat-containing protein 62 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.


HNRPR_HUMAN Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R (sprot)

A heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRPF3_HUMAN U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp3 (sprot)

A U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly

The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex.


TXNL1_HUMAN Thioredoxin-like protein 1 (sprot)

A thioredoxin-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.


TPD54_HUMAN Tumor protein D54 (sprot)

A tumor protein D54 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EMC8_HUMAN ER membrane protein complex subunit 8 (sprot)

An ER membrane protein complex subunit 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


membrane insertase activity

Binds transmembrane domain-containing proteins and mediates their integration into a membrane.


protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.


EMC complex

A transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in the insertion of newly synthesized proteins in the membrane of the ER. In S. cerevisiae, it has six members: EMC1, EMC2, AIM27, EMC4, KRE27, and EMC6.


COCH_HUMAN Cochlin (sprot)

A cochlin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERI3_HUMAN ERI1 exoribonuclease 3 (sprot)

An ERI1 exoribonuclease 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


P52K_HUMAN 52 kDa repressor of the inhibitor of the protein kinase (sprot)

A 52 kDa repressor of the inhibitor of the protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRID2_HUMAN Glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 (sprot)

A glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.


glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of neuron projection development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


regulation of neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.


positive regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


SYNJ1_HUMAN Synaptojanin-1 (sprot)

A synaptojanin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


phosphatidylinositol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


positive regulation of endosome organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endosome organization.


membrane coat

Any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes, and possibly others. They are found associated with membranes on many vesicles as well as other membrane features such as pits and perhaps tubules.


clathrin coat of coated pit

The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.


FIBP_HUMAN Acidic fibroblast growth factor intracellular-binding protein (sprot)

An acidic fibroblast growth factor intracellular-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


fibroblast growth factor binding

Binding to a fibroblast growth factor.


IF4G3_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 3 (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA cap binding

Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome.


TBX1_HUMAN T-box transcription factor TBX1 (sprot)

A T-box transcription factor TBX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell fate specification

The cellular developmental process involved in cell fate commitment in which the cell is designated to follow a developmental path, unless they receive extrinsic cues that direct an alternative fate.


neural crest cell migration

The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.


lymph vessel development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lymph vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.


vagus nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


ear morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


outer ear morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.


tongue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function.


enamel mineralization

The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.