negative regulation of response to furfural

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.


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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol = 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + H2.


sulfoquinovose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction sulfoquinovose = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosanguinarine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + H2O + NADP+.


mesonephric nephron epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros.


plasma membrane raft polarization

The clustering and aggregation of a plasma membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


campest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campest-4-en-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphonoacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + H+ + phosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


N-acetylmuramic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + O2 <=> 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + dialuric acid.


post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O.


guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.


structural constituent of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


immunological memory process

Any process of the immune system that can contribute to the formation of immunological memory or an immune response based upon activation of immunological memory.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde.


bundle sheath cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a bundle sheath cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.


regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm. Caudovirales carry an ejection apparatus that can be long and contractile, long and noncontractile, or short, and is able to penetrate the host cell envelope to deliver the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm.


arsonoacetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that decreases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = L-2-acetamido-6-oxopimelate + CoA.


gene conversion at mating-type locus

The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.


galacturonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


negative regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


myoblast proliferation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


positive regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


ergothioneine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


G protein-coupled olfactory receptor activity

Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


maintenance of stationary phase

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction. Stationary phase can be in response to limited nutrients or a build-up of toxic substances in the environment.


ATPase-coupled lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(out).


response to indolebutyric acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.


negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.


anthraniloyl-CoA monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA + H2O + 2 NADP+.


regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment.


norepinephrine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


endogalactosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosaminidic linkages in poly(D-galactosamine).


larval lymph gland hemocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the larval lymph gland acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


achromobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


mandibular condyle articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mandibular joint condyle articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


3-chlorocatechol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chlorocatechol.


mycotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an anthocyanin = UDP + an anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates suggests N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues are esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme M = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methyl-coenzyme M. 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate is also known as methyl-CoM.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP + a reduced coenzyme F420 <=> NADPH + H+ + an oxidized coenzyme F420.


diaminopimelate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E,E)-geranylgeraniol + ATP = H+ + all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + ADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] 4'-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UMP.


primary root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The primary root develops directly from the embryonic radicle.


cellular response to sucrose starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.


small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


root meristem specification

The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root.


O antigen ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Lipid A-core + colanic acid = MLPS.


beta-zeacarotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-zeacarotene.


regulation of immune effector process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


mucosal tolerance induction

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal tissues.


inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytoceramide + inositol phosphate = inositol phosphoceramide + diacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in isolichenin, pseudonigeran and nigeran.


branched-chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.


cellular response to paraquat

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus.


protein-phosphocysteine-mannosylglycerate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + mannosylglycerate(out) = protein cysteine + mannosylglycerate phosphate(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 4-sulfobenzyl alcohol.


fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized.


diamine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha,omega-diamine + 2-oxoglutarate = an omega-aminoaldehyde + L-glutamate.


tryprostatin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryprostatin A.


decylcitrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + lauroyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = (2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin-3-O-D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside + UDP-D-glucose = cyanidin-3-O-[D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside]-5-O-D-glucoside + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H(2) + menaquinone = reduced menaquinone.


specification of symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created.


Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanate + H2O = (7R)-7-aminocephalosporanate + glutarate.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate = succinate semialdehyde + alanine.


pyranose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-glucose + H2O2.


5' deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage immediately 5' to pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.


regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.


regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-leucine + ATP <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-leucine + diphosphoric acid + AMP.


short descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology.


naringenin chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone <=> UDP + 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + H+.


hibernation

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy in which to pass the winter. It is characterized by narcosis and by sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolic activity and by a depression of vital signs.


glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


negative regulation of Golgi lumen acidification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.


aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N6-acetyl-L-lysine + CoA + H+.


D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate.


alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid.


sex-specific pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane + HCl = 1,3(R),4(S),5(S),6(R)-pentachlorocyclohexene.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + NAD <=> H+ + UDP-3-keto-alpha-D-glucose + NADH.


The formation of a protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine.


isobazzanene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> isobazzanene + diphosphoric acid.


xanthine binding

Binding to xanthine, a purine base.


negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


(3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


uropod retraction

The process in which a uropod detaches from the cell substrate and retracts the rear of a migrating cell.


regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


stem vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the stem of vascular plants.


positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


sepal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sepal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.


positive aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen.


pinene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.


anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.


modulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.


acetyl-CoA synthetase acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.


VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

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Any VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


6-oxocineole dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxocineole + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 1,6,6-trimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one + H2O + NADP+.


negative adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


prostate glandular acinus development

The progression of a glandular acinus of the prostate gland over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.


nucleoid organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleoid. The nucleoid is the region of a bacterial cell, virion, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-beta-glucoside phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + beta-glucoside(out) = protein histidine + beta-glucoside phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


p-coumaroyltriacetic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O + 3 malonyl-CoA <=> 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide + p-coumaroyltriacetate.


molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


negative regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep.


germ cell attraction

The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target.


catechol-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol. Catechol is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with hydroxamate and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).


cellular response to gold(3+)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.


regulation of mating type switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane carbohydrate

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a carbohydrate on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.


amino acid:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).


3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + 3-oxoadipate = succinate + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + 2-oxoglutarate = indolepyruvate + L-glutamate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-glucose + H+ = D-glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. D-glucose is the dextrorotatory D-enantiomer of glucose.


cucurbitacin delta23-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin + NAD(P)+ = cucurbitacin + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of muscle tissue development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD+ + palmitaldehyde = H+ + NADH + palmitoyl-CoA.


octopine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin = NADPH + H+ + 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + H2O + NAD+.


omega-hydroxypalmitate O-sinapoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl-CoA + 16-hydroxypalmitate <=> coenzyme A + 16-sinapoyloxypalmitate.


regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.


austinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of austinol.


ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide

The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps in which gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide is formed as an intermediate.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.


24-methylenelophenol methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenelophenol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


ABC-type sulfate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + sulfate(in).


specification of pronephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA <=> pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside-5-O-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A(4-).


positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of antipodal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.


T cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.


positive regulation of defecation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + isoorientin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + isoscoparin.


smooth septate junction assembly

The assembly of a smooth septate junction, a septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.


DNA-deoxyinosine glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free hypoxanthine.


pectate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + a pectate oligosaccharide with 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of pectate to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends.


effector-mediated defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of reactive oxygen species produced by the host as part of its innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor.


chromatin extrusion motor activity

A DNA translocase activity that folds chromosomal DNA and catalytically extends the newly formed loop, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


detection of misfolded protein

The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


gamma-delta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-(methylsulfinyl)benzothiazole.


symmetric neuroblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two equi-potent daughter cells.


gerfelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gerfelin.


negative regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.


smooth muscle derived foam cell differentiation

The process in which a smooth muscle cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


flavonol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.


starch biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.


multicellular organismal process

Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.


mannonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.


anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + 4'''-demalonylsalvianin.


ATPase-coupled nonpolar-amino acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nonpolar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + nonpolar amino acid(in).


bulbus arteriosus morphogenesis

The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber.


S-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


tetrahydroberberine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydroberberine + 2 O2 = berberine + 2 H2O2.


regulation of pupariation

Any process that modulates the onset of pupariation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-nona-2,4-dienoate + H2O = butyrate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H+.


amylosucrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = D-fructose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


response to paraquat

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus.


transforming growth factor beta activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) from its latent state. TGF-beta is secreted as part of a large latent complex (LLC) that is targeted to the extracellular matrix. Release of TGFbeta from its latent state is required for TGFbeta to bind to its receptors, and can occur by a variety of mechanisms.


ribonuclease F activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA precursor into two, leaving 5'-hydroxy and 3'-phosphate groups.


butirosin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butirosin.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylacetanilide + 1/2 O2 = acetanilide + acetone.


regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


gibberellin A9,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A51 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


modified amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


L-lysine catabolic process using lysine 6-aminotransferase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including alpha-aminoadipate; in this pathway, L-lysine is converted to 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde by lysine 6-aminotransferase.


positive regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of mating type switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.


phthiocerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phthiocerol, a lipid-based 1,3-glycol consisting of (3S,4R)-3-methoxy-4-methylnonacosane having (9R)- and (11S)-hydroxy substituents.


trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by nitric oxide.


novobiocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.


mesonephric renal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


2,4-dichloroaniline reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloroaniline + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 4-chloroaniline + HCl.


type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give random double-stranded fragments with terminal 5' or 3' protrusions, driven by ATP hydrolysis. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site. Cleavage may occur hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site due to translocation of DNA.


regulation of ductus arteriosus closure

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.


long-chain fatty acid [acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier protein] = AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


activated T cell autonomous cell death

A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.


regulation of maltotriulose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.


type IV hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate = NADP+ + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate.


regulation of male germ cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


eggshell chorion gene amplification

Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster.


negative regulation of phospholipid efflux

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.


regulation of embryonic pattern specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.


dethiobiotin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dethiobiotin from one side of a membrane to the other.


maturation of 4.5S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 4.5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 4.5S rRNA molecule.


citrazinate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = cis-aconitamide.


TDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.


protein-phycourobilin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins.


paramyosin filament assembly or disassembly

The formation or disassembly of a filament composed of paramyosin molecules.


cellular metabolic compound salvage

Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.


rRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.


sulfur amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III + benzoyl-CoA = 10-deacetylbaccatin III + CoA.


primary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is powered by a primary energy source. Primary energy sources known to be coupled to transport are chemical such as ATP hydrolysis, redox energy and photon energy.


neuron migration involved in dendrite retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


detection of hydrogen ion

The series of events in which a hydrogen ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


RNA trimethylguanosine cap binding

Binding to the trimethylguanosine (m(3)(2,2,7)-GTP) group located at the 5' end of some RNA molecules. Such trimethylated cap structures, generally produced by posttranscriptional modification of a 7-methylguanosine cap, are often found on snRNAs and snoRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II, but have also be found on snRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III. They have also been found on a subset of the mRNA population in some species, e.g. C. elegans.


acrolein reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acrolein + NADPH + H+ <=> propanal + NADP.


D-lysine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: aminodeoxyfutalosinate + H2O <=> dehypoxanthine futalosine + adenine.


virus baseplate assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus baseplate.


FMN catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


axial mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an axial mesoderm cell.


epothilone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.


imaginal disc-derived genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.


tricyclene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> tricyclene + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of receptor localization to synapse

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-zeatin + H+ + UDP.


positive regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.


regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


cellular response to topoisomerase inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.


aspyridone A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone A.


anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor

The oxidation of ammonium (NH4) to nitrogen (N2) in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite (NO2) as the electron acceptor. It is suggested that hydroxylamine and ammonium are combined to yield hydrazine, which is subsequently oxidized to N2.


ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


negative regulation of cyclase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase.


zymogen activation in another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form in another organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + 2 H+ = CO2 + phosphonoacetaldehyde.


inositol 1-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-1-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


sulcatone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + sulcatol = H+ + NADH + sulcatone.


camalexin binding

Binding to camalexin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(phosphonooxy)-threonine + NAD+ = 2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutyrate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) + N-terminal L-arginyl-[protein] = H+ + N-terminal L-leucyl-L-arginyl-[protein] + tRNA(Leu). Can also transfer the leucyl residue on an N-terminal L-lysyl residue.


trans assembly of SL-containing precatalytic spliceosome

Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the SL RNA and the pre-mRNA to be joined, as well as all the spliceosomal snRNPs involved in trans leader splicing. Formation of the trans leader spliceosome brings together the quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and the complex of the U2 snRNP with the splice site of the pre-mRNA.


organomercury catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.


manoyl oxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxycopalyl diphosphate = (13R)-manoyl oxide + diphosphate.


pyridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.


maintenance of alignment of postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone

The process by which alignment between postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone is maintained.


embryo sac central cell differentiation

The process in which the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell.


trigeminal sensory nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal sensory nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a blood vessel endothelial cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis.


formaldehyde assimilation

The pathways in which formaldehyde is processed and used as a carbon source for the cell.


positive regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


positive regulation of iron export across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-6-methylthiohexanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(4'-methylthio)butylmalate + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + H2O + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of olfactory learning

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of olfactory learning. Olfactory learning is any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.


intranuclear rod assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an intranuclear rod.


latent virus replication

Any process required for latent viral replication in a cell.


diacetylchitobiose deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNac2) + H2O = acetate + 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcN-GlcNAc).


Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 15-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.


regulation of developmental vegetative growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


chemoattraction of branchiomotor axon

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host canonical NF-kappaB cascade

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a canonical  NF-kappaB-mediated signaling cascade in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to (R)-carnitine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an (R)-carnitine stimulus.


response to pulsatile fluid shear stress

Any response to fluid shear stress where the fluid is flowing across a solid surface with periodic variations. For example, the endothelium in straight parts of the artery tree is subjected to pulsatile shear stress with a significant forward direction, which is believed to be an important physiological stimulus enhancing vessel compliance and conferring anti-thrombotic, anti-adhesive, and anti-inflammatory effects.


(S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.


capsanthin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsanthin.


homomethionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.


ureidoglycolate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + glyoxylate + 2 NH4.


cellular response to cobalamin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate + O2 = H+ + (Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-sulfonatophenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.


aspartate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = fumarate + NH3.


positive regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.


organophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


D-ribose 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + coniferyl aldehyde = H+ + coniferaldehyde glucoside + UDP.


reproductive blastospore formation

The formation of a spore following the marked enlargement of part of a cell before separation by a septum. Blastospores are a type of asexual spore found in some fungi, most notably the class Glomeromycota.


L-dopa O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methyldopa + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of NK T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.


colanic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid residues.


negative regulation of gastric emptying

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any gastric emptying process, the process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 2-carboxybenzaldehyde + pyruvate.


arogenate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate = L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2.


primary sex determination, germ-line

The transmission of information about sexual status, from the initial general determination, to signals specific to the germ-line.


DCT cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a distal convoluted tubule cell.


trachea submucosa development

The progression of the trachea submucosa over time from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea submucosa is made up of the glands and elastic tissue that lie under the mucosa in the trachea.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ = 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + scytalone = NADPH + H+ + 1,3,6,8-naphthalenetetrol.


snRNA 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + snRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing a 2'-O-nucleotide.


regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling.


regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.


meiotic anaphase I

The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I.


linoleate 8R-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + linoleate = (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: An oleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = a linoleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


hepatocyte growth factor production

The appearance of hepatocyte growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


glutathione derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione derivative.


envenomation resulting in vasodilation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism.


interphase mitotic telomere clustering

The process whereby the mitotic telomeres are gathered together during, or prior to, attachment to the nuclear envelope.


AUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUU codon.


formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a symbiotic cellular or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pronuclear envelope synthesis

Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei.


central tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the central lymphoid organs.


xanthine DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated guanine (xanthine).


meiosis II cell cycle phase

A meiotic cell cycle phase that occurs after meiosis I (the first meiotic nuclear division).


ochratoxin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ochratoxin A.


anterior lateral line neuromast cupula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


strombine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine + H2O + NAD+ = glycine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


organic phosphonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonates, any organic compounds containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Metabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose and cellotetraose, releasing cellobiose from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


mannogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania.


regulation of cartilage condensation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.


phytochromobilin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochromobilin, the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore required for plant phytochrome photoactivity.


tooth placode formation

The developmental process in which the tooth placode forms. A tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud.


interleukin-18 production

The appearance of interleukin-18 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


T cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by T cells.


2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide a dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide a = bacteriochlorophyllide a + 2 H+.


2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate = 2-oxohept-3-enedioate + CO2.


generation of mature 3'-end of 5S rRNA generated by RNA polymerase III

The removal of extra uridine residues from the 3' end of a 5S pre-rRNA generated by transcription by RNA polymerase III to generate the mature 3'-end.


NAD+-histone H2BE18 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-18 residue of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


fructosyl-amino acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fructosyl-amino acid + O2 = corresponding amino acid + glucosone + H2O2.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


red or far-red light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660-730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


alpha-copaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> alpha-copaene + diphosphoric acid.


regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


ABC-type tungstate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + tungstate(in) = ADP + phosphate + tungstate(out).


regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides.


trigeminal nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


amine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


pollen-pistil interaction

The interaction between a pollen grain and pistil.


rhamnogalacturonan endolyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a rhamnogalacturonan type I <=> [rhamnogalacturonan I oligosaccharide]-alpha-L-rhamnose + 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-galactopyranosyluronate-[rhamnogalacturonan I oligosaccharide].


oxoacid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.


swim bladder morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


Binding to beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc.


D-octopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + NAD+ + H2O = L-arginine + pyruvate + NADH.


renal vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system.


embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


plastid fission

The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.


neural fold folding

The process of folding the neuroepithelium around the medial hinge point to create the neural elevations, and around the lateral hinge points to produce convergence of the folds.


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the front of the cell.


luteal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a luteal cell. Large luteal cells develop from granulosa cells. Small luteal cells develop from theca cells.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


cellular response to chloramphenicol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 11alpha,30-dihydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


eosinophil activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


positive regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 3-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-4-one = carbon monoxide + N-formylanthranilate.


anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.


L-carnitine CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA and 4-trimethylammoniobutanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA.


type I interferon production

The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


ADP-riboxanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = ADP-riboxanated L-argininyl-[protein] + H+ + NH4(+) + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H2O = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H+.


ribulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L(or D)-ribulose = ADP + L(or D)-ribulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene = 9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene.


ecdysis, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle

The shedding of the old collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle fragments during the molting cycle. Examples of this process are found in invertebrates.


amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


methanol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + methanol = H2O2 + formaldehyde.


regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


inductive cell migration

Migration of a cell in a multicellular organism that, having changed its location, is required to induce normal properties in one or more cells at its new location. An example of this would be the distal tip cells of Caenorhabditis elegans.


brassinolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + castasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> brassinolide + NADP + H2O.


biological regulation

Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function.


salicin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.


phenanthrene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-1,2-oxide.


protein localization to spore cell wall

A process in which a protein is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a spore cell wall.


neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell chemotaxis

The movement of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of thymocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


flavanone 4-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP+ = (2S)-flavanone + NADPH.


regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3,7-di O-beta-D-glucoside + vanillate + H+.


membrane macromolecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.


D-allose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of neural crest cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


response to anticoagulant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticoagulant stimulus.


regulation of activin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.


cell-cell signaling involved in kidney development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


thick ascending limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thick ascending limb is the last part of the loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in magnetoreception

The series of events that contribute to magnetoception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of an induced electric field resulting from movement in a magnetic field.


ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of ganglion are generated and organized.


lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


perturbation of host Rho protein signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters a Rho protein family-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-threonine O-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-threonine.


deacetylisoipecoside synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylisoipecoside + H2O = dopamine + secologanin.


determination of wing disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the wing disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of a wing imaginal disc.


glycosyl compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosyl compound.


Golgi apparatus mannose trimming

Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the Golgi apparatus.


L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(1-) + a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate <=> NADH(2-) + H+ + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting.


response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.


positive regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.


plant-type cell wall loosening involved in abscission

Any plant-type cell wall loosening that is involved in abscission.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylene-3-methylsuccinate = dimethylmaleate.


2-hydroxyglutarate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + propanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyglutarate + CoA + H+.


positive regulation of salivary gland formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that induces the formation of the salivary gland field by means of the secretion of a signal by a mesenchymal cell and its reception and interpretation by an epithelial cell resulting in it adopting the identity of a salivary gland bud cell.


curcumin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the polyphenol, curcumin.


viral release from host cell by cytolysis

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell by the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD+ <=> 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADH.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


alginate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-mannuronate + alginate(n) = GDP + alginate(n+1).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.


regulation of leaf morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf morphogenesis.


lanosterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + lanosterol = CoA + lanosterol ester.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


nitrous-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 cytochrome c + nitrogen = 2 reduced cytochrome c + nitrous oxide.


ERBB4-EGFR signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals transmitted by a heterodimeric complex of the tyrosine kinase receptors EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor/ERBB1) and ERBB4. The pathway begins with binding of a ligand to either cell surface receptor, or the dimeric receptor complex, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of antipodal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.


propanediol channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of propanediol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


haloperoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + H2O2 = R-C-halogen + H2O.


secondary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary alcohol.


somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless fish

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of jawless fish.


negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.


positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


undecaprenyl-phosphate glucose phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol.


tolerance induction to tumor cell

A process of tolerance induction which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


cortisol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + cortisol = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + cortisol 21-sulfate + H+.


AAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAG codon.


isocitrate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate = glyoxylate + succinate.


perturbation of blood coagulation in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change that affects blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment granule maturation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, contributing to the process in which a membrane-bounded organelle develops into a pigment granule. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


vascular process in circulatory system

A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the vasculature.


embryonic hemocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the embryonic head mesoderm acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


pyridoxine 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + acceptor = isopyridoxal + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: chenodeoxycholoyltaurine + H2O = chenodeoxycholate + taurine.


gibberellin A12, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (gibberellin A15-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A15 + carbon dioxide + succinate.


atrazine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving atrazine, a triazine ring-containing compound, widely used as a herbicide.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization to extracellular region

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway by the directed movement of a Wnt protein within the extracellular region.


acetoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin = (R)-acetoin.


regulation of glycine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import into a cell.


purine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a N-D-ribosylpurine + H2O = a purine + D-ribose.


16:0 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into an unsaturated 16-carbon fatty acid in a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol molecule.


noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


1-penten-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-penten-3-one + NADPH + H+ <=> 1-pentan-3-one + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 16-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = H2O + 16-dehydroprogesterone.


nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

The incorporation of nickel into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.


dense core granule localization

Any process in which a dense core granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + D-alanine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 2-methylserine.


4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


larval salivary gland boundary specification

Determination in a larval organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


cell adhesion involved in biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm.


antisense RNA transcription

The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.


propioin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyhexan-3-one = 2 propanal.


asymmetric protein localization to old mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the old mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + brassicasterol <=> UDP(3-) + 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-brassicasterol + H+.


geranylgeraniol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP.


perturbation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


GA5 3beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A5 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A3 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


Actinobacterium-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Actinobacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane. Actinobacterial cell walls contain characteristic mycolic acids, of which some are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan and others accumulate at the cell surface.


synaptic target inhibition

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemorepellent signals that inhibit its growth toward the source.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


scutellarein 7-methyl ether 6-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> cirsimaritin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


nuclear division

The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.


aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-aldose + NAD+ = D-aldonolactone + NADH.


peptidyl-tyrosine uridylylation

The uridylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-tyrosine, found in glutamine synthetase.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


photosynthesis, light harvesting

Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers.


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trinitrophenol + H- = 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


response to abscisic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.


T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

An immune response mediated by a T cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


cyanuric acid amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanuric acid + H2O = biuret + CO2.


chloroplast elongation

Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division.


deoxyuridine 2'-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + succinate + uridine.


positive regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.


regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid transmembrane transport.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


sensory perception of wind

The series of events required for an organism to receive sensory mechanical stimulus resulting from air flow, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.


negative regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.


1,2-dichloroethane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


negative regulation of encysted zoospore germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-p-coumaroylglucoside + coenzyme A.


3-oxolaurate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxolaurate + H+ = 2-undecanone + CO2.


2-hexadecenal reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + palmitaldehyde = trans-hexadec-2-enal + H+ + NADPH.


membrane reorganization involved in phagocytosis, engulfment

The assembly and arrangement of the plasma membrane that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


negative regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


inward migration of deep nuclear neurons

The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate to their final more ventral position.


viral entry via permeabilization of endosomal membrane

The entry of a non-enveloped virus into a host eukaryotic cell, following endocytosis, via permeabilization of the endosomal membrane by membrane penetration protein(s) associated with the viral capsid. In some cases, viral membrane-penetration protein require first to be activated to display its membrane penetrating activity. Activation can be due to receptor binding or the acidic pH of the endosomal lumen.


citronellyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellate + CoASH + ATP = citronellyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically.


cellular response to nitrogen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.


cAMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic adenosine monophosphate + H2O = cyclic inosine monophosphate + NH3.


isopropylmalate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of isopropylmalate from one side of a membrane to the other.


C-22 sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the formation of the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. An example reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.


endosome membrane permeabilization involved in viral entry into host cell

Induction of endosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in delivery of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.


negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a fusion cell fate. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.


negative regulation of cell killing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.


carboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.