viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, long flexible tail mechanism

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a long, flexible tail ejection system consisting a baseplate, a central tube and a terminator complex which attaches the tail to the phage capsid. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers genome ejection into the host cell cytoplasm.


4-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: p-nitrophenol + O2 + NADPH = H2O + NADP+ + nitrite + p-benzoquinone.


cinnamoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + N-isopropylacetanilide.


entry of intact viral capsid into host nucleus through nuclear pore complex

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid passes intact through the host nuclear pore complex (NPC).


rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.


posterior head segmentation

Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.


negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+.


cellular response to hesperadin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.


indoleacetaldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime = (indol-3-yl)acetonitrile + H2O.


organic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene = 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


vanadium ion binding

Binding to a vanadium ion (V).


cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


cellular response to linoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


hydrogen peroxide channel activity

Enables the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from one side of a membrane to the other.


plant-type cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


peripheral tolerance induction

Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.


cellopentaose binding

Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


glucuronate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate.


deglucuronidation

The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.


prolactin secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylmuramate (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylmuramate-6-phosphate (in).


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


organic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


beta-diketone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nonane-4,6-dione = butanoate + H+ + pentan-2-one.


cholestanol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + epidihydrocholesterin + O2 + NADPH = (22alpha)-hydroxy-cholestanol + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH(2).


tryptophanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophanamide + H2O = L-tryptophan + NH4.


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + UDP-D-glucose = (-)-menthyl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol.


regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (hydroxybenzoly-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


quinolinate synthetase A activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.


pronephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH = dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADP.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a retinoic acid receptor in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


cell wall thickening

A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.


Catalysis of the reaction: siroheme + 2 H+ = Fe(2+) + sirohydrochlorin.


iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammeline + H2O = N-cyclopropylammelide + NH3.


cellular response to humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


nicotinamide riboside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


sieve cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.


tartrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tartrate.


white fat cell differentiation involved in mammary gland fat development

The process in which a preadipocyte acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte of the mammary gland. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.


perillyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


response to staurosporine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.


positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.


aerobic fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen.


regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.


FACT complex binding

Binding to a FACT complex.


(-)-microperfuranone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-microperfuranone.


steroid 9-alpha-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione = 9,11alpha-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + A + H2O.


monocarboxylic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.


positive regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


hepatic stellate cell migration

The orderly movement of a hepatic stellate cell from one site to another.


regulation of neuroblast migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


outer mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.


adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling

The process in which a rhodopsin-mediated signaling pathway is adjusted to modulate the sensitivity and response of a visual system to light stimuli (that might vary over more than 6 magnitudes in intensity) without response saturation.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


response to methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


negative regulation of sporulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H+ + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD+.


negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


prosthetic group catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: rhamnose(out) + H+(out) = rhamnose(in) + H+(in).


interleukin-2 production

The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.


floral whorl structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. The glycyll-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a glycine-accepting tRNA.


negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


modulation by virus of host translation

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation of host mRNA.


negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen

The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.


negative regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


ent-kaurene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaur-16-ene + diphosphate.


fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester.


regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


Catalysis of the reaction: NDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = NDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1.


achromobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification.


deaminated base DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated bases.


trichome patterning

The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes.


ADD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + reduced ferredoxin + O2 = 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin.


benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.


regulation of sclerotium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + acetoin = 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate + acetaldehyde.


pyrrolysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


polyol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


abscisic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of abscisic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


alanine-oxo-acid transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + a 2-oxo acid = pyruvate + an L-amino acid.


regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


iprodione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prodione, a colorless, odorless crystal. It is used as a dicarboximide contact fungicide to control a wide variety of crop diseases by inhibiting the germination of spores and the growth of the fungal mat (mycelium).


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.


omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an omega-hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a omega-hydroxyacyl-CoA.


8-oxo-dADP diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-dADP + H2O = 8-oxo-dAMP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


GTP guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP + H+ = P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate + diphosphate + H+.


sorbose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carboxyspermidine + H2O + NADP <=> L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + 1,4-butanediammonium + NADPH + H+.


The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


columbamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 columbamine + O2 = 2 berberine + 2 H2O.


abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP+ + H2O.


phytochelatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.


pole cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate + H+ = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate + CO2.


cystine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cystine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


monensin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monensin A.


ocellus pigment granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + H2O.


regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


nipple sheath formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the nipple sheath from the unspecified epidermis. This process begins with a circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout. It ends before the region begins to elevate.


pigment granule localization

Any process in which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


negative regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


glycolytic fermentation via PFL pathway

The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, followed by pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) activity. This pathway is found in facultative anaerobes such as E. coli.


gibberellin A34 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A34 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = gibberellin A34 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: ribitol phosphate(n) + CDP-ribitol = ribitol phosphate(n+1) + CMP.


ductus venosus closure

The morphogenesis process in which the ductus venosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + O2 = CO2 + L-gamma-glutamyl-(3R)-L-beta-ethynylserine + succinate.


F2-isoprostane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F2-isoprostane.


peptidyl-L-cysteine S-myristoylation

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NAD(P)H + 3-hydroxyphenylacetate = H2O + NAD(P)+ + homogentisate.


4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ = isopentenyl diphosphate + NAD(P)+ + H2O. Note that (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate is an alternative name for 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate.


limonene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> (4R)-perillyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.


enamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + 2 H2O = 2-formylglutarate + NH4.


umami taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble umami compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of umami taste, the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + isopropylamine.


T-helper 1 cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 1 cell.


formamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formamide + H2O = formate + NH4.


hydroxyversicolorone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versicolorone + NADP = hydroxyversicolorone + NADPH.


cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.


regulation of tube size, open tracheal system

Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape.


cellular alkane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.


negative regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


transforming growth factor beta2 production

The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


corazonin receptor activity

Combining with the neuropeptide corazonin to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid from a cell.


dermatome development

The progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.


contractile vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a contractile vacuole. A specialized vacuole that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


negative regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.


B cell inhibitory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a B cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


negative regulation of RNA helicase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.


regulation of telium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


dihydrofolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.


trigeminal motor nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


heart rudiment morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.


protein localization to uropod

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a uropod. A uropod is a membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a migrating cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinate + succinyl-CoA = (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + succinate.


cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


emericellamide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide.


carotenoid isomerooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Zeaxanthin + O2 <=> (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal.


cellular response to adenine starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of adenine.


ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-oxygen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


pyrene 4,5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O.


pivalate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pivalate + H+ + HSCoA + ATP = pivalyl-CoA + PPi + AMP.


ABC-type phytochelatin transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


peptidyl-glycine modification

The modification of peptidyl-glycine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate.


cardiac chamber morphogenesis

The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors.


regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 2-polyprenylphenol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 2-polyprenylphenol and 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol.


protein-DNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


protein glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.


L-phenylalanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


regulation of heart contraction involved in acute-phase response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


medial-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi trans cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a medial-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi trans cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.


negative regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

The process in which a chemical substance modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


R8 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.


CYP79F1 trihomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP + 6-methylthiohexanaldoxime.


hexose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) = hexose(in).


carbon-nitrogen ligase activity, with glutamine as amido-N-donor

Catalysis of the transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine to a substrate. Usually composed of two subunits or domains, one that first hydrolyzes glutamine, and then transfers the resulting ammonia to the second subunit (or domain), where it acts as a source of nitrogen.


fosfomycin 2-L-cysteine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + L-cysteine = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-L-cysteine-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.


aryl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + GDP + H+.


eugenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to haloperidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.


diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


pyrimidine nucleoside interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleoside is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleoside.


uterine smooth muscle relaxation

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the uterus.


negative regulation of response to butan-1-ol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.


negative regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


phycocyanobilin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions or pathway resulting in the formation of phycocyanobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase (HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha. Biliverdin IX alpha is subsequently converted to phycocyanobilin by a ferredoxin-dependent oxidoreductase (PCYA).


tripartite regional subdivision

Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhydantoin + ATP + 2 H2O = N-carbamoylsarcosine + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


negative regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


organosilicon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + O2 = phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + 2 H+.


histone H2B kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2B.


establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation

Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project.


negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + H+ + NADH.


farnesol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


negative regulation of leucine import

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


chondro-6-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.


dichotomous subdivision of an epithelial terminal unit

The process in which an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end.


mesonephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesonephric mesenchymal cell population.


spinothalamic tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling.


glutarate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction glutarate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate + CO2.


peptidyl-thyronine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of peptidyl-thyronine from peptidyl-tyrosine in thyroglobulin by phenyl transfer coupled with the formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine.


positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.


iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: isopiperitenone = piperitenone.


regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


central T cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus.


ABC-type betaine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + a betaine(in).


specification of petal identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


DOPA dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the 4,5-ring opening reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + O2 = 4,5-seco-DOPA. 4,5-seco-DOPA spontaneously recyclizes to form betalamic acid.


alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glucose + protein = alpha-D-glucosyl-protein + ADP.


nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene monooxygenase (quinone-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol + O2 <=> flaviolin-2-olate + H2O + H+.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


regulation of pentasaccharide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


peptidyl-sarcosine incorporation

The incorporation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) into non-coded peptides.


formylmethionine deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine + formate.


mannosylglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a mannosylglycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.


cerebellar cortex maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


positive regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


prunasin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-prunasin + H2O = D-glucose + mandelonitrile.


GUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUA codon.


methotrexate binding

Binding to methotrexate, an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.


endosulfan sulfate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.


envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.


petal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception

The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.


alkene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O.


symbiont-mediated activation of host MAPK signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont subverts a MAPK signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


RNA exon ligation

The RNA metabolic process that joins two exons, each of which has free ends that were generated by endonucleolytic cleavages, by a ligation reaction.


kinetochore disassembly

The disaggregation of a kinetochore into its constituent components.


nitric oxide dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 NO + 2 O2 + NADPH + H+ = 2 nitrate + NADP+.


protein denaturation

Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.


heme B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


adhesion receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that does not mediate or trigger entry into the host cell. This binding is typically reversible and enhances significantly infectivity by concentrating the virus in the vicinity of its entry receptors, or bringing it to an organ in which its target cells are located.


but-1-en-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: buten-2-one + NADPH + H+ <=> butan-2-one + NADP.


olefinic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + homoeriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pronephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros.


clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.


cell-cell self recognition

A cell-cell recognition process by which a cell distinguishes between self and non self during cooperative behavior, such as early development.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate.


L-pipecolic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-pipecolic acid, a metabolite of lysine.


chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


pyrimidine nucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


medulla oblongata structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.


pronephric sinus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules.


negative regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


adamantanone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


maltoheptaose binding

Binding to maltoheptaose.


cellular response to palmitoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by biomineralization

The process of hardening a chitin-based cuticle by mineral incorporation. For example, the cuticle of crustaceans is hardened by the incorporation of calcium carbonate.


mycotoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.


guard cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.


DNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template and a 3'hydroxyl group.


cell differentiation involved in mesonephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


6C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.


guaiacyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guaiacyl lignin.


phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.


envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome C-553 + formate = ferrocytochrome C-553 + CO2.


metanephric late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


protein formylation

The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.


interleukin-19 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-19 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


blasticidin S catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of blasticidin S.


lumen formation, open tracheal system

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.


cis-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + HCl + malonate semialdehyde.


thioester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.


ABC-type maltose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).


kolavenyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-kolavenyl diphosphate.


cycloheximide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cycloheximide from one side of a membrane to the other. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.


guanidinoacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H2O = glycine + urea.


medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


enterobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


cerebral blood circulation

The flow of blood through the network of arteries and veins supplying the cerebrum, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


eosinophil fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.


envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.


striated muscle paramyosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the paramyosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


norsolorinic acid ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + NADP+ <=> norsolorinic acid + NADPH.


formate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound.


female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-aspartate.


nylon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.


response to alkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.


isoleucine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


structural constituent of cell wall

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.


determination of imaginal disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.


gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.


aurone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, NAD(P) as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


heterocyst development

The cellular developmental process by which a cell becomes a heterocyst, a cell that carries out nitrogen fixation. This process involves changes to the cell wall, expression of nitrogenase and other proteins involved in nitrogen fixation, and degradation of photosystem II, which produces oxygen. This process is known to occur in some cyanobacteria.


nucleus disassembly

The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components.


spermathecum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.


Schwann cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a Schwann cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


histone H2AX kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone variant H2AX.


Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl aldehyde + NADP + H2O <=> 2 H+ + trans-sinapate + NADPH.


erythronolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6 malonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA = 7 CoA + 6-deoxyerythronolide B.


ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-methylsalicylaldehyde.


modulation of biological quality in another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


CAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAU codon.


positive regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


regulation of viral translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 4 isopentenyl diphosphate = 4 diphosphate + all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate.


ascorbate glutathione cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.


metanephric DCT cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


rhabdomere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a rhabdomere are generated and organized. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


histone H4 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H4.


isobutylamine N-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isobutylamine + NADPH + O2 = isobutylhydroxylamine + NADP+ + H2O.


THPH synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + hexanoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylhexan-1-one + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA.


signal transduction in absence of ligand

The series of molecular signals initiated by the absence of a ligand or the withdrawal of a ligand from a receptor.


adhesion to host cell via type IV pili

Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


amitosis

Nuclear division that occurs by simple constriction of the nucleus without chromosome condensation or spindle formation.


maintenance of diapause

The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.


negative regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


nipple development

The progression of the nipple over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nipple is a part of the mammary gland that protrudes from the surface ectoderm.


regulation of floral meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem.


ortho-trichlorophenol reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2,4-dichlorophenol + HCl.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming two zygotes

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming two zygotes.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to glycerone phosphate and 3-sulfolactaldehyde

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA).


conversion of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA to cysteinyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of O-phosphoserine charged on a tRNA(Cys) to cysteinyl-tRNA.


methylaspartate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = mesaconate + NH4.


perithecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a perithecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Peritheicum is a flask-shaped fruiting body of certain molds and ascomycetous fungi having a pore for the escape of spores. In the ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora, these perithecia are formed in the sexual phase and they discharge ascospores through the ostiolum at the tip of the perithecial neck.


vernalization response

The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.


peptidoglycan asparagine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ammonium + ATP = H+ + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


galactolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + OH- = 2,4-dihydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + Cl-.


positive regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


benzylpenicillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzylpenicillin.


erythrulose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threitol + NADP+ = D-erythrulose + H+ + NADPH.


malate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + a quinol.


S-methylmethionine cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine group of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level.


sepal vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the sepal of vascular plants.


alkyne catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = phosphomannan(n+1) + GMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + a homogalacturonan <=> UDP + 4 H+ + a xylogalacturonan.


positive regulation of sclerotium development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


uronate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galacturonate + H2O + NAD+ = galactarate + 2 H+ + NADH.


protein localization to medial cortical node

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a medial cortical node.


regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


nurse cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.


anther wall tapetum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in keratan sulfate.


positive regulation of thymocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


heart valve cell differentiation

The process in which an endocardial cushion cell give rise to a cell that is part of a heart valve.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs throughout the length of the stomach.


L-pipecolate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + acceptor = delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + reduced acceptor. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


oidium formation

The process in which oidia, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Oidia are borne a few at a time on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus.


cellular response to astaxanthin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.


acinar cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of acinar cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. An acinar cell is a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).


collectin receptor activity

Combining with a collectin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


beta,beta digalactosyldiacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + a beta,beta digalactosyldiacylglycerol <=> a trigalactosyldiacylglycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.


homogalacturonan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.


inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


regulation of muscle hyperplasia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


pyruvate, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + pyruvate = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.


fructuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD+ = D-fructuronate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


soyasapogenol B glucuronide galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate <=> H+ + UDP + soyasaponin III.


isoleucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


5-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 5-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


symbiont-mediated detoxification of host-generated reactive oxygen species

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the host reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated innate immune response by directly degrading host ROS. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Golgi transport vesicle coating

The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles.


plant endodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a plant endodermal cell.


rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


bacteriocin immunity

A process that mediates resistance to a bacteriocin: any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


6-deoxotyphasterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxotyphasterol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 6-deoxocastasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylthioacetohydroximate + UDP-D-glucose = desulfoglucotropeolin + UDP.


positive regulation of cell budding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.


integrase activity

Catalysis of the integration of one DNA segment into another.


rhombomere cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a rhombomere cell.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled

An RNA polymerase II transcription termination process in which cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end are coupled to transcription termination.


1,1-dichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chloroethane + HCl.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.


1-18:1-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol trans-3 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:1-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


pollen sperm cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte.


2-oxobutyrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + L-tyrosine methyl ester = L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


chimeric non-reproductive fruiting body development

Development of a non-reproductive fruiting body formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


N-4 methylation of cytosine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.


negative regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


response to cordycepin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes

The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.


negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway.


response to mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


negative regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an auditory hair cell.


plasminogen activation in another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the processing of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin in another organism.


trehalose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of trehalose from one side of a membrane to the other. Trehalose is the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside that acts of a reserve carbohydrate in certain fungi, algae and lichens.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + H2O = 2-oxobutanate + NH4.


peripheral B cell positive selection

Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.


granaticin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving granaticin.


protein S-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine.


gibberellin A12,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (gibberellin A110-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A110 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2'-diol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + H2O + NAD.


maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.


3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D1-steroid + reduced acceptor.


puromycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.


germacrene-D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.


specification of metanephric nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the metanephric nephron acquire their identity.


chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O.


mitotic telomere clustering and tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which the telomeres are gathered together to a small number of foci per chromosome (usually one per chromosome or fewer), and moved to and tethered at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


calcitonin family receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase III promoter

Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase III promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


positive regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that increases autophagosome size.


GTPase motor activity

A motor activity driven by GTP hydrolysis.


cuticle chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.


modulation of potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.


trabecula morphogenesis

The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


symbiont-mediated activation of host signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont subverts a signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


protein-DNA complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex.


beta-apiosyl-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavonoid + H2O = a 7-hydroxyisoflavonoid + beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose.


xanthine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


kidney vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the kidney vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


protein dealkylation

The removal of an alkyl group from a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.


alpha-pinene-oxide decyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene oxide = (Z)-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal.


detection of abscisic acid stimulus

The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,6-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,5-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


host cell surface binding

Binding to the surface of a host cell.


sterol transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sterol are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


XMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + L-glutamine = gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine + NH4.


positive regulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


FR-33289 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FR-900098 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 <=> FR-33289 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-maltose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + maltose(out) = protein histidine + maltose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


ISG15 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S = X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


lamellocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a lamellocyte. Lamellocytes are a hemocyte lineage that exists only in larvae, but are seldom observed in healthy animals. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


head kidney maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the head kidney to attain its fully functional state. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + H+(out) = acetate(in) + H+(in).


DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA recombinase mediator complex.


S-methylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of S-methylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


bacterial nucleoid packaging

A process in which chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly bacterial nucleoid. Often resulting in DNA supercoiling.


endosulfan hydroxyether dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hydroxyether = endosulfan lactone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


cytosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3.


hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate + H+ = CO2 + glycolaldehyde.


L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD(P)+ = 5-dehydrogluconate + NAD(P)H + H+.


glycolytic fermentation

Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.


border follicle cell delamination

The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration.


negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine <=> cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate + H2O = benzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


lipid-A-disaccharide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


taxadiene 5-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + taxa-4,11-diene = A + H2O + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.


estivation

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy, similar to hibernation, but that occurs during the summer. It insulates against heat to prevent the harmful effects of the season.


oncostatin M production

The appearance of oncostatin M due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.


lateral mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


mucilage metabolic process involved in seed coat development

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.


iron chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an iron chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD + = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+.


peripheral B cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropenylpimelyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD+ = 6-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADH.


ferrichrome metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.