non-photoreactive DNA repair

A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


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Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone.


1,3-dichloropropene metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.


LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.


orcinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.


positive regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


benzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + trans-ferulate = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate.


DCT cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = N-carbamoylputrescine + H+ + phosphate.


spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


astaxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of astaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a trans-methoxy-C60-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a trans-methoxy-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


aecium development

The process in which a cup-like structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed. This is characteristic of the rust fungus and typically, the first dikaryotic spores (aeciospores) are produced in the aecium.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection are generated and organized.


regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


petal formation

The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + H2O = naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA.


regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


[ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


catalytic activity, acting on a rRNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a ribosomal RNA.


L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + NAD+ = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.


dehydroaustinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dehydroaustinol.


tryptophan binding

Binding to 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


alkene binding

Binding to an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


dGMP binding

Binding to dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

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Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.


nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


regulation of cortisol secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid = 3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphoric acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


negative regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


disruption by symbiont of host focal adhesion

The process by which a symbiont disupts host focal adhesion in its host.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


mitomycin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mitomycin C.


establishment of mitochondrion localization, microtubule-mediated

The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location, by a process involving microtubules.


adhesion of symbiont spore to host

The attachment of a spore of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


reversible differentiation

A phenotypic switching process where a cell reversibly differentiates and dedifferentiates from one cell type into another.


coenzyme F420-dependent N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.


ionotropic bitter taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific bitter compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H2O + NAD+ = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + 2 H+ + NADH.


colon smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-sulfobenzoate + 2 H+ + NADH.


exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to plasma membrane

The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor-containing vesicles with plasma membrane, resulting in the integration of neurotransmitter receptors into the plasma membrane. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.


positive regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.


polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis.


UDP-glucose: 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate <=> H+ + 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


orlandin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orlandin.


aspartate 4-decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = L-alanine + CO2.


isopentenyl adenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.


polyacyltrehalose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall of seed trichomes after cell expansion is complete.


negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.


histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2A substrate.


response to arsenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.


solanine UDP-galactose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + solanidine = H+ + gamma-solanine + UDP.


regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


juvenile hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


Swi5-Sfr1 complex binding

Binding to a Swi5-Sfr1 complex.


cyclomaltodextrinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + cyclomaltodextrin = linear maltodextrin.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.


regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


cellular response to brassinosteroid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] + D-mannitol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + D-fructose + 2 H+.


stemar-13-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemar-13-ene + diphosphate.


thioacetamide S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S-oxide + H2O.


spindle pole body-led chromosome movement during mitotic interphase

A microtubule-based process in which chromosomes migrate as a result of rapid spindle pole body (SPB) and centrosome oscillations during mitotic interphase.


meiotic S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


sorocarp morphogenesis

The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


isocitrate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threo-isocitrate = D-erythro-isocitrate.


peptidyl-leucine modification

The modification of peptidyl-leucine.


regulation of T cell costimulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


regulation of renal system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system.


boss receptor activity

Combining with a protein bride of sevenless (boss) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine <=> N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UMP.


xylogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.


2-ethylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-2-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.


chitin disaccharide deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + H2O = 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + acetate.


lateral cortical node assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a lateral cortical node.


cellular response to Aroclor 1254

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an Aroclor 1254 stimulus.


compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.


phosphorelay signal transduction system

A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.


positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


autotransporter activity

Transports a passenger protein from the periplasm to the external milieu; the passenger protein and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


Viteagnusin D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + viteagnusin D.


response to jasmonic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.


coenzyme F390-A hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-A = AMP + coenzyme F420.


low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly involved in cholesterol transport

The disassembly into constituent parts of the low-density lipoprotein particle in the lysosome that contributes to cholesterol transport.


vascular cord development

The progression of the vascular cord over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis.


cyclopentanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclopentanol.


cellular response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetylglucosamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.


glucuronoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.


acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


fat-soluble vitamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.


detoxification of arsenic-containing substance

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of arsenic or arsenic-containing compounds.


flower structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the flower. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthioheptyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 7-methylthioheptyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


positive regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


response to deep water

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a deep water stimulus, being immersed in standing deep water throughout the life cycle.


taxifolin 8-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: taxifolin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,3-dihydrogossypetin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


chlorophyll(ide) b reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 71-hydroxychlorophyll(ide) a + NAD(P)+ = chlorophyll(ide) b + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


detection of disaccharide stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a disaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.


3-methylquinoline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.


ent-kaurene oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-ene + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine + L-serine.


negative regulation of exit from meiosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exit from meiosis.


carbamoyl-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-carbamoyl-L-serine + H2O + H+ = CO2 + 2 NH4 + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide D-glucose = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide 6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose.


glucosinolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 1,3 diaminopropane

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 1,3 diaminopropane.


pharyngeal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.


dGDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


purine imidazole-ring cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DNA 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine = DNA adenine + H2O.


O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


acetate ester metabolic process involved in fermentation

Any acetate ester metabolic process that is involved in fermentation.


O-octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


arabinan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


creatinine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = N-methylhydantoin + NH3.


negative regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import across the plasma membrane.


magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + magnesium protoporphyrin IX = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester.


mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


organic heteropentacyclic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic heteropentacyclic compound.


imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ribitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.


carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = C3-hydroxylated carotene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. This is a general reaction to represent the C3 hydroxylation of the beta ring of a carotene.


lactate fermentation to propionate and acetate

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of lactate to propionate, concomitant with the oxidation of lactate to acetate and CO2 and yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.


propionate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate = ADP + propanoyl phosphate.


positive regulation of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that increases the rate or exent of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation, the cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


colon epithelial cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a colon epithelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


mannosylglycerate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.


tellurite methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to tellurite [TeO3(2-)]. Methylated derivatives of tellurite include Te(CH3)2 (dimethyltelluride) and Te2(CH3)2 (dimethylditelluride).


modulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is also known as PAPS.


acetate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate.


autoinducer-2 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione + ATP = 5-phospho-4-hydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione (P-DPD) + ADP.


phylloquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phylloquinone, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. Phylloquinone has vitamin K activity and is known as vitamin K1.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucosinolate(out) + H+(out) = glucosinolate(in) + H+(in).


convergent extension involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the wing epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.


mitotic metaphase

The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


thebaine 6-O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> neopinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


positive regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


rhombomere 7 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


cardiac cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cardiac cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac cells. Cardiac cells are cells that comprise the organ which pumps blood through the circulatory system.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.


horizontal gene transfer

The introduction of genetic information into a cell to create a genetically different individual, without production of new individuals.


Group III intron splicing

The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved.


3-formylsalicylate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formylsalicylic acid + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from N-nitrosodimethylamine.


transcription antitermination factor activity, DNA binding

Binds to DNA, typically within region of the promoter and transcribed region, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind DNA include the lambda Q protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside).


proestrus

The estrous cycle phase in which there is heightened follicular activity.


carbon-nitrogen lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of ammonia or one of its derivatives, with the formation of a double bond or ring. Enzymes with this activity may catalyze the actual elimination of the ammonia, amine or amide, e.g. CH-CH(-NH-R) = C=CH- + NH2-R. Others, however, catalyze elimination of another component, e.g. water, which is followed by spontaneous reactions that lead to breakage of the C-N bond, e.g. L-serine ammonia-lyase (EC:4.3.1.17), so that the overall reaction is C(-OH)-CH(-NH2) = CH2-CO- + NH3, i.e. an elimination with rearrangement. The sub-subclasses of EC:4.3 are the ammonia-lyases (EC:4.3.1), lyases acting on amides, amidines, etc. (EC:4.3.2), the amine-lyases (EC:4.3.3), and other carbon-nitrogen lyases (EC:4.3.99).


hamamelose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-hamamelose + ATP = D-hamamelose 2'-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin.


negative regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


(-)-menthol monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 1,4-menthane-3,8-diol + H2O + NADP+.


negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


short-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a short-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


effector-mediated modulation of host defenses by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


stearoyl-[acp] desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + a stearoyl-[acp] + a reduced ferredoxin = 2 H2O + an oleoyl-[acp] + an oxidized ferredoxin.


negative regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.


L-dopa biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-dopa.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-demethylrebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + rebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


phosphotransferase activity, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a nitrogenous group (acceptor).


shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NAD+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADH + H+.


regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + deacetoxyvindoline + H+.


alanine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ = pyruvate + NH3 + NADH + H+.


cheating during chimeric sorocarp development

Any process during chimeric sorocarp development that increases by which a cell increases the number of spore cells sharing its genotype at the expense of cells of other genotypes.


female analia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the female over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mandelate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.


blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the self-limited process linking exposure and activation of tissue factor to the activation of clotting factor X.


positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.


cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester, typical of the barley lipid transfer protein 1.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


protein cis-autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues.


specification of sepal identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


rRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyluridine.


regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-E-beta-caryophyllene + diphosphate.


modulation by symbiont of host erythrocyte aggregation

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte aggregation in its host organism, e.g. the binding of parasite-infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes.


3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = 6-imino-5-oxocyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate + H2O2.


nicotinamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide + H2O = nicotinate + NH3.


trichloroethylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.


fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite monooxygenase (deformylase) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = formate + 2 H+ + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite.


ergothioneine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ergothioneine from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.


negative regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.


Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked oxazoline to oxazole.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + H+ + mugineate + succinate.


tectospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord.


response to decane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-fucose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of myofibril size

Any process that modulates the size of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


W-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


formin-nucleated actin cable organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a formin-nucleated actin cable.


rolling circle double-stranded viral DNA replication

A rolling circle viral DNA replication that begins with a double-stranded viral DNA genome.


malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl (HOOC-CH2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


germacradienol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol + diphosphate.


regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


genital disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the genital disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a genital imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult genital structures, the anal plates and the hind gut.


[isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) = ADP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) phosphate.


peptidyl-lysine succinylation

The modification of a peptidyl-lysine residue by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to form N6-succinyl-L-lysine.


5' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 5' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


vanillin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + vanillin = 2 H+ + NADH + vanillate.


myeloid leukocyte cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid cell.


post-embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine; the residue may be found at the first position in the sequence motif C-X-X-(SAQCMT)* where the second and third positions are usually aliphatic.


ABC-type capsular-polysaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + capsular polysaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + capsular polysaccharide(out).


negative regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


heat dissipation

Any homeostatic process in which an organism releases excess heat to the environment, thereby lowering its internal temperature.


callose deposition in phloem sieve plate

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, phloem sieve plate. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


acyl glucuronidation

The modification of an substrate by the conjugation of glucuronic acid to form an acyl-glucuronide (also called an acyl-glucuronoside).


regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


post-embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


Catalysis of the ATP-dependent dehydration of t6A to form cyclic t6A.


salivary gland boundary specification

Determination of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


pons formation

The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-).


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.


5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-HETE + NADP+ = 5-oxo-ETE + NADPH + H+.


muconate cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = cis,cis-hexadienedioate.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H + H+.


polymannuronate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the D-mannuronide linkages of polymannuronate.


N-carbamoylsarcosine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylsarcosine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + sarcosine.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.


Catalysis of the formation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine from constituent amino acids and ATP in the presence of magnesium ions and dithioerythritol.


alpha-keto amide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto amide + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy amide. Alpha-keto amides are of the form R-CO-CONH2, where R may be aromatic or aliphatic.


positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA + chloride.


ABC-type D-xylose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-xylose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-xylose(in).


syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis.


nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, against a concentration gradient

Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, up a concentration gradient.


positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


protein localization to basal ectoplasmic specialization

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a basal ectoplasmic specialization.


regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


sesquiterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


beta-L-arabinosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a beta-L-arabinoside = L-arabinose + an alcohol.


germarium-derived egg chamber formation

Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


defecation rhythm

The rhythmic process of defecation that consists of an intestinal oscillator which regulates calcium waves. These waves in turn control a stereotypical, three-part pattern of muscle contractions. In some organisms, defecation can recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. For example, in a well-fed Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program occurs approximately every 45 seconds, and is temperature- and touch-compensated.


regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


beak formation

The process that gives rise to the beak. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.


3,5-xylenol methylhydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxytoluene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.


all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


larval locomotory behavior

Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


[chondroitin sulfate]-D-glucuronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + [chondroitin-sulfate]-beta-D-glucuronate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + [chondroitin-sulfate]-2-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronate.


bile-acid 7alpha-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oate = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oate + H2O.


positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding

Binding to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor.


tyramine-beta hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of tyramine to form octopamine.


protein localization involved in acrosome reaction

The actin-based process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.


thermospermine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methioninamine + spermidine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+.


protein localization to chloroplast starch grain

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a chloroplast starch grain.


seed development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the sexual reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, consisting of a protective coat enclosing an embryo and food reserves.


negative regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation.


box C/D RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small RNA transcript into a mature box C/D RNA.


RNA localization to nucleus

A macromolecular localization process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a location within the nucleus.


positive regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


cellular response to bacteriocin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.


epinephrine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


fucosterol-epoxide lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,24'R)-fucosterol epoxide = acetaldehyde + desmosterol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uric acid + phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + H+ + urate.


response to mannitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.


UDP-D-galactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


metaxylem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metaxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metaxylem is the part of the primary xylem that differentiates after the protoxylem and before the secondary xylem, if any of the latter is formed.


protein N-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation via asparagine

A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylglucosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of gravity

The series of events involved in the perception of gravity in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


averantin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving averantin.


regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


detection of glucocorticoid hormone stimulus

The series of events by which a glucocorticoid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


central B cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in B cells in the bone marrow.


establishment of mitochondrion localization by microtubule attachment

The directed movement of a mitochondrion by attachment to a microtubule, followed by elongation of the microtubule by tubulin polymerization.


3-ketovalidoxylamine C-N-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine = 4-nitroaniline + 5-D-(5/6)-5-C-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one + H+.


positive regulation of development of symbiont in host

Any process in which the symbiont activates or maintains its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.


sucrose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose = UDP + sucrose.


specification of carpel identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of aecium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.


positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.


plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, which forms part of the cell wall.


pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pregnan-21-ol = H+ + NADH + pregnan-21-al.


zerumbone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NAD <=> zerumbone + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis.


phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase activity

Catalysis of the NADPH-dependent 7-O-4' reduction of phenylcoumaran lignans to the corresponding diphenols; for example, catalysis of the reaction: dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+ = isodihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADP+.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-D-glucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + D-glucosamine(out) = protein histidine + glucosamine-6-phosphate(in).


mating type determination

Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of mating type upon an individual. Mating types are the equivalent in microorganisms of the sexes in higher organisms.


angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting

The directional migration of angioblast cells as part of selective angioblast sprouting, which results in angioblast segregation into arterial and venous populations.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand that contributes to outflow tract morphogenesis.


germ-line stem-cell niche homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within the germ-line stem-cell niche. This includes control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function that allows the niche to continue to function. A gem-line stem-cell niche is an anatomical structure that regulates how germ-line stem-cells are used and saves them from depletion.


plant organ development

Development of a plant organ, a multi-tissue plant structure that forms a functional unit.


negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


plant epidermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a plant epidermal cell.


negative regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


positive regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.


protein flavinylation

The addition of a flavin group to a protein amino acid.


pyridine-3,4-diol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pryidine-3,4-diol + O2 = 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate.


queuosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a N-D-queuosine + H2O = queuine + D-ribose.


replacement ossification

Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.


emericellamide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group. Present in trace levels in plants and slightly higher in bacteria.


negative regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: anhydrotetracycline + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 12-dehydrotetracycline + H2O + NADP+.


positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O <=> 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H+.


oleate 12-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-CoA + NADH + O2 + H+ = ricinoleyl-CoA + NAD + H2O.


auxin influx transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, into a cell.


positive regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


proteasome storage granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a proteasome storage granule.


molecular transducer activity

A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a tumor necrosis factor-mediated signal transduction in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


TMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


anaerobic lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the absence of oxygen.


adenosyl-fluoride synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + fluoride = 5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine + L-methionine.


aminoimidazolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:4-aminoimidazole + H20 = imidazol-4-one + NH3.


positive regulation of galactotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.


NAD+-histone H2BE2 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-2 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


monounsaturated fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monounsaturated fatty acid.


positive regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ammonia monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidation of alkanes (up to C8) to alcohols and alkenes (up to C5) to epoxides and alcohols in the presence of ammonium ions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + CO2.


gramicidin S biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gramicidin S.


Catalysis of the reaction: Ser-tRNA(Sec) + ATP = Sep-tRNA(Sec) + ADP.


(+)-sabinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-cis-sabinol + NAD+ = (1S,5S)-sabinone + H+ + NADH.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


extracellular matrix organization involved in endocardium development

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix of the endocardium. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


nitrogenous compound fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrogen-containing compound, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


protein localization to microvillus membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus membrane.


protein-lipid complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-lipid complex into its constituent components.


sucrose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + phosphate = D-fructose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization

The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle.


macromolecule deacylation

The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a macromolecule.


viral genome maturation

The processes involved in creating a mature, stable viral genome. Begins after genome replication with a newly synthesized nucleic acid and ends when the genome is ready to be packaged. Includes the addition of proteins to the newly synthesized genome, and DNA repair processes.


glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.


negative regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


bicyclogermacrene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclogermacrene.


regulation of arginase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


disruption of host cell-cell junction

The process by which a symbiont effects a change in the structure or function of an intercellular junction of the host. Intercellular junction include tight junctions and adherens junctions.


cell surface adhesin-mediated gliding motility

Cell gliding that results from the actions of cell surface adhesin proteins that are propelled by membrane motor proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NADH + H+ + O2 = 9alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NAD+ + H2O.


(1->3),(1->4)-beta-glucan binding

Binding to (1->3),(1->4)-beta-glucan.


21U-RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + methylammonium.


queuosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


quiescent center organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the quiescent center. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


response to host

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


leucoplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.


centromere-nuclear envelope anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the centromeric region of a chromosome and the inner nuclear membrane by interacting with both the centromere/kinetochore complex and the nuclear membrane, in order to establish and maintain the centromere/kinetochore location.


alpha-humulene 10-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 10-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NADP + H2O.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a bundle of His cardiomyocyte to a Purkinje myocyte.


renal response to blood flow involved in circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NAD+ = glycerone + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.


slow muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a slow muscle cell from one site to another.


oleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-10-hydroxystearate = H2O + oleate.


peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid

The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid residues by the covalent attachment of ethanolamine, itself further modified by the addition of a phosphoglycerol unit.


enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, A-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-D2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.


regulation of maltotetraose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-5-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + caffeoyl-CoA <=> delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A.


negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


snRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an snRNA molecule.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


stigma development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stigma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stigma is the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.


neuron migration involved in retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


response to amylopectin

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of amylopectin stimulus.


heat acclimation

Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures.


negative regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


negative regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.


apolysis

The first process of molting, characterized by the detachment of the old cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells.


regulation of cellotriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.


orlandin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving orlandin.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


aerobic benzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the presence of oxygen.


negative regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.


gibberellin A12,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A14 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


vestibular receptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vestibular hair cell.


response to insect

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.


substrate-independent telencephalic tangential interneuron migration

The directional movement of tangentially migrating interneurons that are not guided by attaching to extracellular substrates.


xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.


glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. It is prepared from toluene treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and is used in shells, bombs, and blasting explosives.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via CDP-N-methylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with an initial N-methylation with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine, followed by two downstream N-methylations on phosphatidyl-bases, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine. The process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the presence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-methylthiooctyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 8-methylthiooctyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


protein-phosphocysteine-trehalose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + trehalose (out) = protein cysteine + trehalose-6-phosphate (in).


apoptotic process involved in tube lumen cavitation

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the hollowing out of an epithelial rod or cord to form the central hole in a tube.


regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.


glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of secondary shoot formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary shoot formation.


microcin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a microcin from one side of a membrane to the other.


vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light

The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


cellodextrin phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


chemotaxis to cAMP

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.


pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ); it is synthesized from a small peptide containing tyrosine and glutamic acid; these amino acids in the peptide are multiply cross-linked and the rest of the peptide is removed.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one + NADP+ = 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + H+ + NADPH.


tryptamine 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + reduced acceptor + O2 <=> 4-hydroxytryptamine + acceptor + H2O.


1-indanone dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-hydroxy-1-indanone.


regulation of cellular defense response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.


regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


radial glial cell division in pallium

The division of a radial glial cell in the pallium. A radial glial cell is a precursor cell that gives rise to neurons and astrocytes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.


neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is involved in regulating postsynaptic membrane potential, either directly (ionotropic receptors) or indirectly (e.g. via GPCR activation of an ion channel).


response to reversine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reversine stimulus.


G-protein gated monoatomic cation channel activity

A cation channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.


2-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nitrophenol + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH + O2 = catechol + H2O + 2 NADP+ + nitrite.


regulation of nematode larval development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


high-affinity potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of potassium ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.


positive regulation of oomycete sporangium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.


regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


induction of host induced systemic resistance

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


regulation of oocyte development

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


hexadecanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanol + NAD+ = hexadecanal + NADH.


4-hydroxytryptamine 4-phosphate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) + 4-hydroxytryptamine 4-phosphate (norbaeocystin) <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + psilocybin.


purine ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


S-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + homoserine lactone.


dibenzofuran catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond.


negative regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-rhamnose residues in alpha-L-rhamnosides.


dihydrouracil oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + O2 = H2O2 + uracil.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


regulation of salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.


spinal sensory neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a spinal sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A spinal sensory neuron is a sensory neuron that project to the spinal cord.


septum transversum development

The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.


pigment accumulation in tissues

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.


mucilage pectin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectin component of mucilage.


sitosterol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + sitosterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22alpha)-hydroxy-sitosterol + H2O + NADP.


auxin mediated signaling pathway involved in phyllotactic patterning

The series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin that contributes to the radial pattern formation process resulting in the formation of leaf or flower primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.


positive regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


glycerate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 2-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP.


gibberellin 12-aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12 + NADP+ + H2O. This is the third of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).


Catalysis of the reaction: theobromine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + caffeine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of action potential firing rate

Any process that regulates the frequency of action potentials in a spike train.


L-cysteine binding

Binding to L-cysteine.


appressorium formation

The process in which a swollen, flattened portion of a symbiont filament is formed on or near its host organism, to adhere to and for the purpose of penetrating the host surface.


red light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


response to papulacandin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the defense response to Gram-negative bacterium.


negative regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.


sulfur oxidation, ferric ion-dependent

A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase, and requires the presence of ferric ion (Fe3+).


regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


embryo sac morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryo sac are generated and organized. The embryo sac develops from the megaspore in heterosporous plants.


mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.


6G-fructosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside = [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (m > 0; n >= 0).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + an O-glucosylsterol.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + chlorogenate = (-)-quinate + 2-O-caffeoylglucarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2,3-di-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


dibenzothiophene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + H+ + O2 = dibenzothiophene-5-oxide + NAD+ + H2O.


negative regulation of ligase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


regulation of fear response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


dibenzothiophene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.


anaerobic ethylbenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


regulation of response to external stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.


regulation of RNA helicase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.


IAA-Leu conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-leucine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-leucine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, also known as ciliatine.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,3-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 6-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,3-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


magnetosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a magnetosome. Magnetosomes are specialized organelles for magnetic navigation that comprise membrane-enveloped, nano-sized crystals of a magnetic iron mineral; they are formed by a diverse group of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB).


brainstem precerebellar neuron precursor migration

The early migration of a precerebellar neuronal precursor in which a cell move from the rhombic lip, orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately reside in the brainstem.


regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


carpel development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the carpel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A carpel is an organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.


methylthiotransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a methylthioether group (-SCH3) to a nucleic acid or protein acceptor.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.


primary adaptive immune response

An adaptive immune response against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


2,5-dichlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: organohalide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = R-H + HCl. Reactants include chlorohydroquinone (forms hydroquinone) and 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone (forms chlorohydroquinone).


pole plasm RNA localization

Any process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


guanosine tetraphosphate binding

Binding to guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.


subthalamic nucleus development

The progression of the subthalamic nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.


lipoteichoic acid D-alanylation

The formation of a D-alanyl ester of lipoteichoic acid by transfer of D-Ala onto a membrane-associated lipoteichoic acid (LTA).


prosthetic group metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.