negative regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


tetrahydrodictyopterin binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to tetrahydrodictyopterin, the pterin 2-amino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one.


sieve element differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve element.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide = N-methylaniline + formaldehyde.


limonene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of a monooxygenase reaction in which oxygen is incorporated into limonene.


acquisition of mycelium reproductive competence

A maturation process by which an organism acquires the ability to reproduce. In fungi, reproductive competence only occurs in a population of filamentous cells that form a mycelium.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.


subpallium cell migration

The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the subpallium.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-N-methylcoclaurine.


positive regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


ovarian follicle endowment

Association of oocytes with supporting epithelial granulosa cells to form primordial follicles.


positive regulation of age-related resistance

Any process that activates or increases the extent of age-related resistance.


carbohydrate storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


ciliary basal body segregation

The process in which the duplicated basal bodies migrate in pairs to the mitotic poles of the nucleus and results in equal distribution in the daughter cells. Ciliary basal body segregation ensures inheritance of the duplicated mitochondrial DNA to the two daughter cells in the Trypanosoma parasites.


fungal sorus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fungal sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fungal sorus is a spore containing structure.


5-methylcytosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


renal vesicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


maintenance of dense core granule location

Any process in which a dense core granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hydrocarbon, a compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 1-pyrroline + H2O.


(-)-isopiperitenone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADPH = (2R,5R)-isopulegone + NADP+.


response to oomycetes

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an oomycetes.


(+)-kotanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-kotanin.


lupan-3beta,20-diol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupan-3beta,20-diol <=> (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H2O.


D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


plastid organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid.


benzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ADP + cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + 2 H2O + benzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.


regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


mitotic prometaphase

The cell cycle phase in higher eukaryotes which follows mitotic prophase and during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.


glycolytic fermentation to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose.


positive regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


pyrimidodiazepine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pyrimidodiazepine + oxidized glutathione = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.


deep nuclear neuron cell migration

The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the ventricular zone to the deep hindbrain nuclei.


negative regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


ABC-type ferric hydroxamate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-hydroxamate(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-hydroxamate(in).


response to prostaglandin I

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.


Atg12 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S = X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in mesonephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the mesonephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the glomerulus (proximal end) outward toward the mesonephric duct (distal end).


box C/D RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a box C/D RNA molecule.


anatomical structure maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in liver morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver.


regulation of granulosa cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.


adhesion of symbiont infection structure to host

The attachment of an infection structure of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death

Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


dimethylamine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: electron-transferring flavoprotein + H2O + dimethylamine = reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein + formaldehyde + methylamine.


cyanogenic glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


D-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-alanine is the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


post-embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.


tropomyosin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tropomyosin = ADP + O-phosphotropomyosin.


trialkylsulfonium hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a thioether bond, -S-.


regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


esculetin glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> esculin + UDP(3-) + H+.


regulation of tube diameter

Any process that modulates the diameter of a tube.


arsenate reductase (azurin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + arsenite + 2 oxidized azurin = 2 H+ + 2 reduced azurin + arsenate.


organism emergence from protective structure

The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case.


arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an arabinoxylan.


intercalary leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the intercalary leaflet attains its shape. An intercalary leaflet is a leaflet that develops between primary leaflets.


[cytochrome c]-methionine S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-S-methyl-methionine.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrin via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-(2''-O-xyloside) 6''-O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside + 4-coumaryl-CoA <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + coenzyme A.


reduced coenzyme F420 oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced coenzyme F420 + O2 = 2 coenzyme F420 + 2 H2O.


UGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGG codon.


aspartyl esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ester bond by a mechanism involving a catalytically active aspartic acid residue.


regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


ribosylpyrimidine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-D-ribosylpyrimidine + H2O = D-ribose + a pyrimidine.


amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


positive regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.


active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other up the solute's concentration gradient. This is carried out by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.


phosphocholine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein-serine-choline phosphate + H2O = protein-serine + choline phosphate.


negative regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


entry into host through the stromata

Entry of a symbiont into host plant tissue via the stromata, microscopic pores in the epidermis of the aerial parts of terrestrial plants. These pores are essential for photosynthesis, as they allow CO2 to diffuse into the plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


lipopolysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.


induction by symbiont of tumor or growth in host

The process in which a symbiont causes the formation of a mass of cells in a host organism. While these growths are often called nodules, they are not formed as nitrogen-fixing structures, but rather to provide an environment for the symbiont to grow. In this sense they are parasitic structures rather than mutualistic.


posterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.


mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell.


peptidyl-arginine omega-N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate.


3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid, a cyclic purine dinucleotide in which the base groups are guanine.


beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = beta-cryptoxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


dimethyl sulfide monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfide + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + methanethiol + formaldehyde.


histidinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol + NAD+ = L-histidine + NADH + H+.


water-soluble vitamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from chorismate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate.


8-oxo-(d)RTP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-(d)RTP + H20 = 8-oxo-(d)RMP + diphosphate + H+.


CDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


cellular response to differentiation-inducing factor 1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.


negative regulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


SHREC complex localization

Any process in which a SHREC complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte.


reproductive behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction.


regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.


protein histidine pros-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + succinate.


prephenate(2-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prephenate(2-).


regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


emericellamide A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide A.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


epoxyqueuosine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: epoxyqueuosine in tRNA + reductant = queuosine in tRNA + oxidised reductant.


(S)-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.


beta-caryophyllene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-caryophyllene.


organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.


aminoacyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino-acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


dermal bone morphogenesis

The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized.


regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


chimeric colonial development

Development a structure consisting of multiple co-operating unicellular organisms of the same species, involving cells of more that one genotype.


interleukin-25 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-25 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


chaeta development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.


p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA( <=> p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of iron export across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


rhombomere 1 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


regulation of acylglycerol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.


capsorubin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsorubin.


hemocyte migration

The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo.


aflatoxin reductase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aflatoxin + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = aflatoxin with reduced furanocoumarin moiety + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


positive regulation of gastric acid secretion

Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


oocyte animal/vegetal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the animal/vegetal axis in the oocyte. The animal/vegetal axis of an oocyte is defined by the placement of the nucleus in the oocyte and can sometimes be identified by the asymmetric placement of other substances such as yolk in the oocyte. The pole of the egg that is closest to the nucleus defines the animal end, with the axis passing through the nucleus.


candelabrum cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature candelabrum cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a candelabrum cell fate. A candelabrum cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD+ = L-tyrosine + NADH + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + O2 + H2O + H+ <=> 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + CO2 + NH(4)+ + H2O2.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


antennal joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized.


tetraterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NH3.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host receptor-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a vascular smooth muscle cell.


modulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to benzoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.


negative regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.


violaceol II catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol II.


teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.


hindbrain formation

The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


R-linalool synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (R)-linalool + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2-aminoethyl)phosphonate + pyruvate = L-alanine + phosphonoacetaldehyde.


dihydromonapterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + NADPH = tetrahydromonapterin + NADP+.


ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


regulation of raffinose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose.


trifid subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching

The process in which a ureteric bud splits into three units at its end.


Catalysis of the reaction: RMP + diphosphate = R + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


nephrostome development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephrostome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity.


dermatan 6-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate.


gallate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + H+ = CO2 + pyrogallol.


GTP cyclohydrolase IIa activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H+ + 2 phosphate.


positive regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.


nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment.


coniferin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coniferin, 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + oxalate + ammonia + 4 H+.


sensory perception of cold stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a cold temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


pre-miRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.


seed germination

The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.


positive regulation of maltotetraose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.


crying behavior

The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.


16S rRNA (guanine(966)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(966) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(966) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 2-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+.


phosphinothricin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphinothricin.


alpha-carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = alpha-cryptoxanthin + NADP+ + H2O.


rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi Basidiomycetes.


erythromycin D 3''-o-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin D <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin B + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 5-methylcytosine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 5-methylcytosine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the DNA 5-methylcytosine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 5-methylcytosine, leaving an abasic site.


germ-band shortening

The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.


ribosomal skipping

A translation process in which a specific viral peptide prevents the ribosome from covalently linking a new inserted amino acid, and lets it continue translation, thereby cleaving the nascent protein while allowing translation to continue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol + 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


GDP-L-galactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a CDP-alcohol group from one compound to another.


wing cell fate specification

The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment.


The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleoside.


S-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in).


modulation of molecular function in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephros anterior/posterior pattern specification

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the pronephros.


acetone carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetone + ATP + CO2 + 2 H2O = acetoacetate + AMP + 4 H+ + 2 phosphate.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


telium development

The process that leads to the development of a telium, which is a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


C-terminal protein amino acid modification

The alteration of the C-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scyllo-inositol + NADP <=> 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.


light transducer activity

Absorbing energy from one or more photons and transferring their energy to another molecule, usually a protein, within the cell.


positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


epi-cedrol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = epi-cedrol + diphosphate.


transport of virus in multicellular host

The transport of a virus between cells in a multicellular organism. The cells can be adjacent or spatially separated (e.g. in different tissues or organs).


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.


mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture

A mechanism to recapture 'lost' chromosomes (chromosomes which have become detached from the spindle) during metaphase of mitotic chromosome segregation. Chromosomes with unattached kinetochores are migrated along (non polar) spindle microtubules to the mitotic spindle pole body by a combination of microtubule depolymerisation and 'kinetochore sliding' (migration of the chromosome along the microtubule). The chromosome subsequently migrates along the polar spindle microtubule to the metaphase plate.


amino-acid racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid = a D-amino acid.


arabinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.


AGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGG codon.


JUN kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinase kinases (JNKKKs).


dCMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.


positive regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ shedding, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


regulation of synaptic scaling

A process that modulates synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity, which entails uniform adjustments in the strength of all synapses on a cell in response to prolonged changes in the electrical activity of the cell.


ergosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.


recognition of pollen

A cell recognition process in which pollen is recognized and either accepted or rejected by cells in the stigma.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in stem cell proliferation.


beta-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


bacterial-type flagellum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+.


D-glutamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamate, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamate, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate.


regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


phloem or xylem histogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


deoxyribonucleoside binding

Binding to a deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vitexin = H+ + UDP + vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside.


metanephric cap specification

The process in which the metanephric cap acquires its identity.


regulation of exonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.


rhombomere 2 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


quinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine.


leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


limb granular cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb granular cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 a reduced ferredoxin + an oxidized thioredoxin = 2 an oxidized ferredoxin + a reduced thioredoxin, involving a 4Fe-4S cluster and an adjacent active-site disulfide.


absorption of UV light

The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + malonyl-CoA + H+ <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.


aliphatic aldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic aldoxime = an aliphatic nitrile + H2O.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: arabinose(out) + H+(out) = arabinose(in) + H+(in).


negative regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


peptidyl-amino acid modification

The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.


female analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


chitin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium

Attaching of a chitin-containing cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction N4-acetylcytidine +H2O = cytidine + acetate.


rhombomere structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


3-methyleneoxindole reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyloxindole + NADP+ = 3-methyleneoxindole + H+ + NADPH.


neuronal dense core vesicle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuronal dense core vesicle.


nucleobase:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleobase(out) + cation(out) = nucleobase(in) + cation(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + a poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate longer by one C5 unit.


viral DNA genome packaging, 5' extended cos packaging

The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 5' protruding ends.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


glutamate catabolic process to butyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.


3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = glycine + glyoxylate.


positive regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to simvastatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.


polyacyltrehalose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


prosthetic group biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of brassinosteroid.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


phytoene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoene.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


dCTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.


negative regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


stomach body smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the body of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


tRNA end turnover

The process in which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.


beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


miltiradiene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving miltiradiene.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-D-glucose.


mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (feruloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + ferulate + H+.


wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing.


suppression by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin production in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone.


detection of high humidity

The series of events in which high humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor activity

Combining with ecdysis-triggering hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ACU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACU codon.


haltere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized.


brexanolone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brexanolone.


lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


aliphatic nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CN + H2O = R-COOH + NH3.


S-alkylthiohydroximate lyase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a S-alkylthiohydroximate to a thiohydroximate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADPH + O2 = 6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP+.


spermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + H2O2.


lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate. This pathway of prokaryotic lysine biosynthesis via alpha-aminoadipate was discovered in the hyper-thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This undergoes acetylation, to form N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate, and is then phosphorylated to give N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate. This is converted to N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is then converted to N2-acetyl-L-lysine. A final deacetylation reaction produces L-lysine.


ommatidial rotation

The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification.


positive regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


anther dehiscence

The dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.


9-fluorenone-3,4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone.


aerobic sulfur oxidation

A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.


sulochrin oxidase [(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2R)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.


protein-tetrapyrrole linkage

The covalent linking of a tetrapyrrole to a protein.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and contributing to the shaping of a Malpighian tubule.


N-cyclopropylammelide alkylamino hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammelide + H2O = cyclopropylamine + cyanuric acid.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.


box H/ACA RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small RNA transcript into a mature box H/ACA RNA.


fatty acid methyl ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid methyl ester.


parietal peritoneum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a parietal peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline

The glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


imaginal disc lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between compartments in an imaginal disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


regulation of biological quality

Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


intramolecular lyase activity

The catalysis of certain rearrangements of a molecule to break or form a ring.


vanillin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + vanillin.


3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


dihydrofolic acid binding

Binding to dihydrofolic acid, a folic acid in which the bicyclic pteridine structure is in the dihydro, partially reduced form; they are intermediates in folate metabolism and are reduced to their tetrahydro, reduced forms.


dissimilatory sulfate reduction

The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Sulfate is activated to adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) which is then reduced to sulfite, which is in turn reduced to hydrogen sulfide.


verbascose galactinol:ajugose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: verbascose + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> ajugose + myo-inositol.


regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


behavioral response to wounding

A behavioral response resulting from wounding.


cellular response to nocodazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.


peripheral nervous system axon ensheathment

The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.


Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.


serine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H+ + NADPH.


molecular template activity

The action of a molecule that provides a shape or a sequence mimicking or complementary to the final product, providing template for copying the original molecule's shape or sequence.


acquisition of seed longevity

The acquisition of seed longevity is the ordered series of events during seed development, that prevent embryo deterioration and ROS damage and thus contribute to seed viability over time or in response to adverse environmental conditions. These events include protective (e.g. production of glassy cytoplasm ) and repair (e.g. oxidative stress responses) processes.


wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.


meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.


myosin filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


abietadiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = (-)-abietadiene + diphosphate.


tropinone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pseudotropine = H+ + NADPH + tropinone.


cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


envenomation resulting in blood agglutination in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with specific proteins binding to cell-surface carbohydrates and causing calcium-dependent agglutination of blood cells in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-5-hydroxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dimethoxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


L-gulonolactone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-xylo-hex-3-ulonolactone + H2O2.


interleukin-33 production

The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


hepatic stellate cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a hepatic stellate cell.


dTDP-mannose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


cell differentiation involved in pronephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


amphiregulin production

The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor.


positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


foraging behavior

Behavior by which an organism locates food.


sepal giant cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sepal giant cell. A sepal giant cell is a pavement cell that is part of the sepal epidermis and stretches one fifth the length of the sepal with a chromosome content of 16C.


regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] = CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].


MAPK-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand and leading to the activation of a MAP kinase cascade.


protein insertion into membrane raft

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


cellobiose binding

Binding to cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + gramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


vestibulocochlear nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the vestibulocochlear nerve is generated and organized. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.


somatic diversification of immune receptors by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the immune receptor gene.


myelination of lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve.


gallate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).


hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds, in C-halide compounds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond in substances containing halogen atoms in organic linkage.


detection of pH by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors.


pharynx morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pharynx are generated and organized.


monoacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the placental labyrinthine layer.


regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


negative regulation of asexual reproduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.


regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.


extracellular ammonia-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular ammonia (NH3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-histidine = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


camalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.


dimethylmaleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = dimethylmaleate + H2O.


poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.


nicotinic acid riboside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.


positive regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.


GPCR sweet taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


sulfur incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing uridine at position 54 + FADH + H+ = tetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing ribothymidine at position 54 + FAD+.


alpha-zeacarotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-zeacarotene.


D-leucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-leucine.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.


response to benzene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzene stimulus.


dibenzothiophene desulfurization

The removal of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.


trimethylarsine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylarsine oxide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = trimethylarsine + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: homocystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 homocysteine.


reproduction of a single-celled organism

The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two single-celled organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + O2 = 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxymuconoyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + 2 H+.


amino-acid betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


polyterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


induction of conjugation upon carbon starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon carbon starvation.


positive regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = N-(beta-D-glucosyl)nicotinate + UDP.


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


negative regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.


adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains

An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae).


2-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 2-phenanthrylsulfate.


formation of animal organ boundary

The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + ATP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + ADP + H+.


gibberellin A13,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A13 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A43 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


protein localization to equatorial microtubule organizing center

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an equatorial microtubule organizing center.


ansamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.


tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


N-substituted formamide deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzylformamide + H2O = formate + benzylamine.


epi-isozizaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-epi-isozizaene + diphosphate.


presynaptic signal transduction

Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a presynapse.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of umami taste

The series of events required for a umami taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.


regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycerol = AH(2) + glycerone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


R-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


hydroxyectoine binding

Binding to hydroxyectoine.


innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.


negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


sucrose-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose 6-phosphate = UDP + sucrose 6-phosphate.


emericellin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellin.


negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


diterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


5-methylcytosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + H2 = NADPH + H+.


TTP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.


dentate nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of neuronal signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.


rhombomere 4 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


luciferin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.


positive regulation of embryonic pattern specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + H2O + NADP+.


atrazine N-dealkylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + O2 + 2 H+ = deethylatrazine + acetaldehyde + H2O.


regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


ground tissue pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the ground tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = citrazinate + reduced acceptor.


catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom.


all-trans-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> all-trans-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


copper chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. A copper chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


detection of sucrose stimulus

The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in pattern specification process

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within an oocyte that results in a pattern being established in the embryo.


regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanin betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose.


nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ = L-xylulose + CO2.


negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


glutamate-putrescine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + putrescine = gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


L-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + O2 + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


gastrulation with mouth forming first

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.


posterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the posterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: microsomal-membrane protein + diphosphate = diphosphate + O-phospho-microsomal-membrane protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methylnaphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.


peptidyl-histidine modification

The modification of peptidyl-histidine.


glucuronan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl end + (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylaniline + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + isopropylamine.


endosulfan hemisulfate sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hemisulfate + H2O = endosulfan monoalcohol + 2 H+ + sulfate.


nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.


positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumitremorgin B.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA.


xanthophyll cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.


maintenance of neuroblast polarity

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


positive regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.


redox taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.


photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I

After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


DNA synthesis involved in mitochondrial DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication.


initiation of movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The initial stages of cell motility involved in the glial-mediated movement of cells in the developing cerebral cortex.


positive regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.


mercury ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mercury (Hg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + ATP = 5-methyldeoxycytidine diphosphate + ADP + H+.


nitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitriles, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom. The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition; for example, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


suppression by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy, 4-beta-methyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES

The transcription of non-coding RNA associated with transcriptional start and end sites of protein coding genes. This occurs at some low level for many protein coding genes.


response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.


glutamic-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


Catalysis of the reaction: desacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = desacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2.


light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion

The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline = UDP + Skp1-protein-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)hydroxyproline.


modulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that decreased the extent of cell adhesion that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


CGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGA codon.


aerobic lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the presence of oxygen.


nitrate reductase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome + nitrate = ferricytochrome + nitrite.


Malpighian tubule principal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule principal cell. A Malpighian tubule principal cell is an epithelial secretory cell that transports cations into the lumen of the tubule.


chondroitin sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


cellular response to dinitrophenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.


negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


oligosaccharide transporting porin activity

Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-valine + ATP = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-valine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: quinolin-2-ol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dihydroquinoline + NAD+.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP+ = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + phosphoramidate = hexose 1-phosphate + NH3.


DNA amplification

The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.


D-xylose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


trimetaphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + trimetaphosphate = 2 H+ + triphosphate.


malolactic enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malate + H+ = L-lactate + CO2.


regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


regulation of mannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.


chromosome localization

Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to juvenile hormone acid.


xanthophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


rRNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond at A-4324 in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes or corresponding sites in 28S RNA from other species.


terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange.


methylseleninic acid reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeO2H => NADP+ + CH3SeOH + H2O.


regulation of olefin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.


allantoin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoic acid + CoASH.


eye field cell fate commitment involved in camera-type eye formation

The commitment of neurectodermal cells to cells of the eye field and their capacity to differentiate into eye field cells. Eye field cells are neurectodermal cells that will form the optic placode.


regulation of spore germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.


(E)-beta-ocimene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (E)-beta-ocimene + diphosphate.


lavandulyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + lavandulyl diphosphate.


gibberellin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + glycochenodeoxycholate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate + H+.


glycolytic fermentation to propionate

Glycolytic fermentation resulting in the catabolism of glucose to propionate, yielding energy in the form of ATP; an alternative to the acrylate pathway to produce propionate.


negative regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.


pyrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.