proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.


UDP-D-xylose biosynthetic process

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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


allantois development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an allantois over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


embryo sac egg cell differentiation

The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


mannosylglycerate synthase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + D-glycerate = H+ + 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + GDP.


phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing

The process in which an adenosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally converted to inosine.


somitomeric trunk muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somitomeric trunk muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


ribitol phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol phosphates, any phosphorylated form of ribitol, the pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.


modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.


homocysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.


protein repair

The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.


induction of programmed cell death

A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


nitrile biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.


cell maturation

The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state.


negative regulation of dense core granule transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.


seed oilbody biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a seed oilbody. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination.


lifelong otolith mineralization

The formation and growth of otoliths throughout the life of the organism. Otoliths are the large extracellular ear-stones of the fish inner ear, produced by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate on organic matrices. The otolith enlarges throughout the life of the fish, as layers of calcium carbonate are added.


ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity

Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin = Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


poly(A) RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n)-3'-adenine ribonucleotide. The primer may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.


gamma-delta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.


negative regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.


peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell.


uterus development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


6-aminohexanoate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-aminohexanoate + alpha-ketoglutarate = glutamate + 6-oxohexanoate.


response to gold(3+)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.


methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


nickel cation binding

Binding to a nickel (Ni) cation.


negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


regulation of seed development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed development.


regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a target cell, the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactonolactone + NADPH.


cellular modified amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


sodium-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) => ATP + H2O + Na+(in), by a rotational mechanism.


transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling

A chromatin remodeling process that reestablishes the chromatin structure following the passage of RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation, thus preventing cryptic transcription initiation.


piRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of Piwi-interacting RNA piRNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


butyrate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + butanoate = ADP + butanoyl phosphate + H+.


isoprene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.


ABC-type oligosaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharide(in).


positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


protein localization to nucleolus

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nucleolus.


butane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = butanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds, in ketonic substances

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond in a ketonic substance, a substance containing a keto (C=O) group.


tryptophan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


ribokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.


positive regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction

Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region.


maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

The maintenance of established bipolar anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that results in the shaping of a cell.


UDP-glucosylation

The covalent attachment of a UDP-glucose residue to a substrate molecule.


phenylethylamine biosynthetic process involved in synaptic transmission

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the internal capsule

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral cortex through the internal capsule in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


asymmetric cell division

The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.


convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis

Any convergent extension that is involved in notochord morphogenesis.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.


ascorbate homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ascorbate at the level of a cell.


cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized.


regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the chemokine CXCL12 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cell morphogenesis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The shape change of an epithelial cell from a columnar to squamous cell morphology that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.


L-malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+.


propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle.


negative regulation of tube lumen cavitation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.


regulation of meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of brood size

Any process that decreases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


endothelial tube lumen extension

Any endothelial tube morphogenesis process by which the tube is increased in length.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate.


cellulose microfibril organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.


benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NAD+.


trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = protocatechuate + NADP+ + H2O.


formate-dihydrofolate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + ATP + formate = 10-formyldihydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, reductase/isomerase pathway

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to trans-2-enoyl-CoA by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and delta3-delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; trans-2-enoyl-CoA returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.


asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate.


modulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


response to organophosphorus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organophosphorus stimulus. Organophosphorus is a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule; several organophosphorus compounds are used as insecticides, and they are highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitors.


low-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via actin polymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by polymerizing the host filamentous actin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bradykinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptide hormone bradykinin.


quercetin 3-rhamnoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP-L-rhamnose = quercetin-3-rhamnoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP.


cholesterol 24-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol + H2O + NADP+.


endocardial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.


lymphocyte costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-6-methylthiohexanoate + a standard alpha amino acid = dihomomethionine + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


pyruvyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a pyruvyl (oxopropanoyl) group from one compound to another.


lipopolysaccharide-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the host cell surface.


histidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


G protein-coupled cytokinin receptor activity

Combining with cytokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


CCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + ATP + 2 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + 3 diphosphate.


regulation of amoeboid sperm motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.


2-aminobenzenesulfonate desulfonation

The removal of the sulfonate group from 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


metanephric glomerular basement membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the metanephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


negative regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


regulation of dauer entry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


forebrain ventricular zone progenitor cell division

The mitotic division of a basal progenitor giving rise to two neurons.


positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.


negative regulation of zinc ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to symbiont

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of pentasaccharide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


cardiac neural crest cell delamination involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any cardiac neural crest cell delamination that is involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


notochord cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a notochord cell over time, from its formation to its mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


root cap mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


synergid death

Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.


mast cell migration

The movement of a mast cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


(R)-citramalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-citramalate + CoA.


mandelate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate = (R)-mandelate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyanthraquinone + UDP-D-glucose = a glucosyloxyanthraquinone + UDP.


dihydroneopterin monophosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin monophosphate = dihydroneopterin + phosphate.


eclosion

The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case.


conidiophore stalk development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


submandibular salivary gland formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed.


short neuropeptide F receptor activity

Combining with a short neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Short neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of less than 28 residues (as small as 8-10 residues in some species) with a C-terminal RFamide or LRFamide.


astrocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


cell envelope organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.


resolution of mitotic recombination intermediates

The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, mitotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = formaldehyde + glutathione.


negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


retrotransposition

A type of transposition in which a transposable element (transposon) copies and pastes itself into a different genomic location by transcription and convertsion of the transcribed RNA back into DNA through reverse transcription.


octadecanal decarbonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octadecanal = heptadecane + CO.


nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.


type I pilus assembly

The assembly from its constituent parts of a type I pilus.


metanephric mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.


nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


ferulate 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferulic acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 5-hydroxyferulic acid + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,4-N1-D-glucooligosaccharide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + oligosaccharide containing 6-methyl-D-glucose units.


mastication

The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.


aldaric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.


pseudopodium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of host IRF9 activity

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism by reducing the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9), a transcription factor involved in the innate immune response. For example, viral infection triggers binding of IRF9 to phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2, forming the ISGF3 complex. The ISGF3 complex migrates to the nucleus and activates transcription of IFN-responsive genes.


isovaleryl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).


symbiont-mediated activation of host signal transduction pathway via agonism of host cell surface receptor

A process in which a symbiont subverts a signal transduction pathway in the host organism by binding to and enhancing the activation of the receptor of the pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell and contributes to an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


dimethyl sulfoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO (C2H6OS), an alkyl sulfoxide that is practically odorless in its purified form. As a highly polar organic liquid, it is a powerful solvent. Its biological activities include the ability to penetrate plant and animal tissues and to preserve living cells during freezing.


proteasome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.


cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-isopropylphenol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 3-isopropylcatechol + H2O + NAD.


root morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.


Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = HSO3(-) + 4-hydroxytoluene.


left lung development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.


ABC-type taurine transporter transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + taurine(out) = ADP + phosphate + taurine(in).


glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycolate + 2 H+ + NADH.


cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase activity (reducing end)

Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + a cellodextrin = n beta-cellobiose, releasing cellobiose from the reducing ends of the chains.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


sesquiterpene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


cell migration involved in heart development

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the heart over time, from its initial formation, to the mature organ.


protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.


O-linoleoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


cellular response to L-dopa

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-dopa stimulus.


mRNA 5'-diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a 5' terminal diphosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of an mRNA, leaving a 5'-monophosphate end.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.


inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate = ADP + inositol bisdiphosphate trisphosphate.


palmitoyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropalmitoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


miltiradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + miltiradiene.


Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + UDP.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


organ induction

The interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ.


intracellular cysteine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cysteine within a cell.


mycothiol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol-2-(L-cysteinylamido)-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetyl-CoA = mycothiol + coA + H+. Mycothiol is also known as AcCys-GlcN-Ins and 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as Cys-GlcN-Ins or desacetylmycothiol.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


neuregulin receptor activity

Combining with a neuregulin, a member of the EGF family of growth factors, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


metaplastic ossification

Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.


cystathionine gamma-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystathionine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + L-cysteine + NH4+.


regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.


cellular pigment accumulation

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


carbohydrate utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbohydrate sources,usually glucose, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbohydrate source and to transport and metabolize alternate carbohydrate sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbohydrate levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbohydrates, and ends when the carbohydrate is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids via isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesized by the mevalonate pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-dependent terpenoid biosynthesis, acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, is converted to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


chlorophyll a metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll a.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase.


kidney mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population in the kidney.


cardiac neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the heart.


endothelial tube lumen extension involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any endothelial tube lumen extension that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by chemokine CCL5 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


facial nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.


embryo sac cellularization

The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


aryl-acylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anilide + H2O = a carboxylate + aniline + H+.


pilus retraction

The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.


metanephric ascending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.


perichondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial connective tissue surrounding cartilage into bone.


D-amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


linoleate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate = 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate.


mandelate 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + H2O. (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate is also known as S-mandelate.


negative regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


extracellular matrix-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information between the extracellular matrix and a cell.


detection of tumor cell

The series of events in which a stimulus from a tumor cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.


ectoine binding

Binding to ectoine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid.


octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate.


meiotic metaphase I

The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I.


water channel activity

Transport systems of this type enable facilitated diffusion of water (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


cellular response to dimethyl sulfoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus.


nitroglycerin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroglycerin, a well-known nitrate ester and an important component of dynamite and other propellants. Toxic to algae, invertebrate, and vertebrates.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = CH3CH2NH2 + cyanuric acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


apical constriction involved in gastrulation

The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


peptidoglycan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of peptidoglycans, a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls, from one side of a membrane to the other.


mevaldate reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NAD+ = H+ + mevaldate + NADH.


cresol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.


cell migration involved in coronary angiogenesis

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of new blood vessels in the heart from pre-existing blood vessels.


mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity

A translation repressor activity that acts by base-pairing with an mRNA. The binding can result in targeting the mRNA for degradation or interfering with mRNA translation, hence resulting in posttranscriptional gene silencing.


regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.


adenosine-phosphate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an adenosine-phosphate + H20 = an inosine phosphate + NH3. Catalyzes the deamination of AMP, ADP or ATP.


chorio-allantoic fusion

The cell-cell adhesion process in which the cells of the chorion fuse to the cells of the allantois.


L-amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an L-amino acid.


protein localization to rhabdomere

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a rhabdomere.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronyl-N-acetyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosaminylproteoglycan + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-beta-D-glucuronyl-N-acetyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosaminylproteoglycan + UDP.


phosphatidylglycerol transfer activity

Directly binding to phosphatidylglycerol and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


dermonecrosis in another organism

The disruption of the skin of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the skin.


regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.


phototransduction, visible light

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


ribonuclease G activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at positions 5 and 6 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.


Catalyzes the reaction: L-Tryptophan + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ = N-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O.


symbiont-mediated migration through host transepithelium

A process in which a symbiont moves from one side of an epithelium to the other within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.


establishment of B cell polarity

The directed orientation of B cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient of a contact point with an antigen displaying cell.


2-micrometer plasmid partitioning

The process in which copies of the 2-micrometer plasmid, found in fungi such as Saccharomyces, are distributed to daughter cells upon cell division.


ATPase-coupled lipid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipid(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipid(out).


N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-serine.


benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.


establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.


positive regulation of antifungal innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere

A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse.


chlorophyllide-a:geranyl-geranyl diphosphate geranyl-geranyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide a(1-) + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate(3-) = geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 sucrose = D-glucose + 1F-beta-D-fructosylsucrose.


positive regulation of collagen metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


regulation of testosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.


aeciospore formation

The process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host.


pumilio-response element binding

Binding to a region of RNA containing a Pumilio-response element element. The consensus sequence for the element is UGUAAAUA.


positive regulation of sclerotome development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.


response to carbon starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of a carbon source.


23S rRNA (guanine(1835)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


positive regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


neuroblast fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


anaerobic benzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the absence of oxygen.


kanamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kanamycin.


cell swimming

Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-hexose + acyl phosphate = D-hexose phosphate + an acid.


regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


propylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. It is used mainly in the preparation of alkylates for gasoline and in the production of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide and a number of other industrial chemicals.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance

The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-5-epi-aristolochene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 = capsidiol + 2 NADP + 2 H2O.


mating projection actin fusion focus assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an actin fusion focus.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestan-26-al = NADH + 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + fumarate = alpha-iminosuccinate + succinate.


4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoate + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + chloride + H+.


homoserine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of homoserine from one side of a membrane to the other. Homoserine is alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


cellular response to bismuth

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.


male pronuclear envelope synthesis

Assembly of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores and a lamina around the male pronucleus, the final step in sperm pronuclear formation.


selenocysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.


response to amyloid-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.


quorum sensing

The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms.


cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine.


palmitoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = palmitoleic acid (16:1delta9) + A + 2 H2O.


cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-L-cysteine.


cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: dATP + depurinated DNA = ribose triphosphate + DNA.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + dolichyl phosphate = GDP + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate.


negative regulation of acinar cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.


K antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.


regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action

Involuntary movement caused by the application of a stimulus to an organism and a subsequent movement. The signal processing of this movement takes place in the spinal cord.


ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).


S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding

Binding to S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


neurohypophysis development

The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


avenasterol-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: avenasterol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 5-dehydroavenasterol + 2 H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylbutyronitrile + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP + 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyronitrile.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1->2)-(4-O-methyl)glucuronosyl links in the main chain of hardwood xylans.


cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


caprolactam metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. It can cause local irritation.


membrane tubulation

A membrane organization process resulting in the formation of a tubular projection. This may face inwardly (as in tubular membrane invaginations) or outwardly (as in endosomal tubules).


adenylylselenate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylselenate => ADP + 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate.


The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + betanidin = H+ + betanin + UDP.


tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.


reuteran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


trimethylamine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + H2O + electron-transferring flavoprotein = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.


regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


ABC-type doxorubicin transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + doxorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + doxorubicin(out).


negative regulation of cholesterol efflux

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


macrophomate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-pyrone + oxalacetate = macrophomate.


ethanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


juxtaglomerular apparatus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure that lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function.


primary leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the primary leaflet attains its shape. A primary leaflet is a leaflet that develops directly from the rachis.


Catalysis of the reaction: queuosine34 in tRNA + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = H+ + O-5''-beta-D-galactosylqueuosine34 in tRNATyr + UDP. Substrates include tRNA(Tyr) and tRNA(Asp).


negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonatoacetaldehyde + H2O + NAD = sulfonatoacetate + NADH + 2 H+.


UDPsulfoquinovose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + UDP-D-glucose = H2O + UDP-6-sulfoquinovose.


bile-salt sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + taurolithocholate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + taurolithocholate sulfate.


ecdysteroid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids ubiquitous in insects and other arthropods, in which they initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.


proteasome complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome complex into its constituent components.


ketosteroid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + progesterone = H2O + NADP+ + testosterone acetate.


phosphotransferase activity, paired acceptors

Catalysis of the transfer of two phosphate groups from a donor, such as ATP, to two different acceptors.


cellular response to type III interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + hexadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


positive regulation of phialide development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


farnesyl diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.


response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulus. The binding of any one of three melanocyte-stimulating hormones causes dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates.


UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


guanosine tetraphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.


trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a soluble gas ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


chanoclavine-I aldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I aldehyde.


cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.


cardiac neural crest cell delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a cardiac neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


lipoteichoic acid binding

Binding to lipoteichoic acid.


behavioral response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


myeloid leukocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.


cellular response to staurosporine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose-1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose.


uterus morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the uterus are generated and organized.


tau-protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein.


conjugant formation

During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.


phosphagen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


actin rod assembly

The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.


cell junction maintenance

The organization process that preserves a cell junction in a stable functional or structural state. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


Catalysis of the reaction: N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin + H2 = N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin.


plant-type cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth

The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


glucosamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.


2-oxoadipate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyadipate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + H+ + NADH.


medulla oblongata maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


negative regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


positive regulation of flower development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


cellular response to molecule of oomycetes origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


immune response to tumor cell

An immune system process that functions in the response of an organism to a tumor cell.


diaphragm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized.


acute-phase response

An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.


alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.


cinnamic acid ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation.


positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


conidium formation

The process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


citrulline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


tyrosine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate.


fumonisin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumonisin.


trachea cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


regulation of cholesterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


deep nuclear neuron precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to deep nuclear neurons.


negative regulation of protein refolding

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


regulation of maltohexaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.


luteolin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


mammillary axonal complex development

The progression of the mammillary axonal complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain.


regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system.


asparaginase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + H2O = L-aspartate + NH3.


biotin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H+.


positive regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


cellular response to chlorate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + homogentisate + H+ = diphosphoric acid + 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol + carbon dioxide.


response to hydroxyisoflavone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


fucosylation

The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule.


styrene-oxide isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene oxide = phenylacetaldehyde.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.


regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.


snRNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a stem-loop in a small nuclear RNA (snRNA). An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.


olfactory bulb tufted cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an olfactory bulb tufted cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


bacterial-type flagellum assembly

The assembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

The process in which AV node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


mitochondrion inheritance

The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton.


4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.


acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.


intralumenal vesicle formation

The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome.


dibenzofuran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzofuran is a white crystalline solid created from the production of coal tar and used as an insecticide and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus by nuclear egress

The directed movement of an assembled viral particle out of the host cell nucleus by budding and fusion through the nuclear membranes. In this process, enveloped viral particles are formed by budding through the inner nuclear membrane. These perinuclear enveloped particles then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to deliver a naked capsid into the host cytoplasm.


15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate + NAD(P)+ -> (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprosta-13-enoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.


glutamate decarboxylation to succinate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.


positive regulation of lactation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.


glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


DNA-dependent protein kinase activity

DNA dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


positive regulation of membrane permeability

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


metanephric proximal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


insulin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.


macrophage migration

The orderly movement of a macrophage from one site to another.


regulation of platelet formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxypyridine + O2 + H+ + NADPH = pyridine-3,4-diol + H2O + NADP+.


(S)-cheilanthifoline synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (S)-cheilanthifoline + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = 1-alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.


cytoplasmic U snRNP body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic U snRNP body.


cellular response to type I interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


intermediate mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


xylulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


P-type divalent copper transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).


7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-deoxyloganetate = H+ + 7-deoxyloganate + UDP.


double membrane vesicle viral factory assembly

A process that results in the assembly of a cytoplasmic viral factory consisting of a double-membrane bound vesicle.


protein desumoylation

The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.


pyoverdine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyoverdine.


cellular response to actin cytoskeletal stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of perturbations or damage to the actin cytoskeleton.


hydroxylamine reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + NAD+ + H2O = hydroxylamine + NADH + H+.


succinyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A.


S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the sulfur atom of an acceptor molecule.


L-galactonolactone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-ascorbate + H2O2 + H+.


negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration

The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.


bile acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


toxin export channel activity

Enables the energy independent passage of toxins, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane towards the outside of the cell. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


single-celled organism vegetative growth phase

A phase of population growth during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding, fission, or other asexual methods.


spore-bearing structure development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.


type 2 immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


response to L-cysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus.


maintenance of DNA trinucleotide repeats

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA trinucleotide repeats. DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs.


saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADPH.


4-AD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate + H2O = pyruvate + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde.


protein localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


protein tetramerization

The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


cellular response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an intermediate mesoderm cell.


violaceol I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol I.


squalene cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = triterpene.


positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


FAD biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FAD, the oxidized form of flavin-adenine dinucleotide.


negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


calcitonin family receptor activity

Combining with any member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol + pyruvate = 1D-1-guanidino-1-deoxy-3-dehydro-scyllo-inositol + L-alanine.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.


oxygen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2).


octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl (CH3-[CH2]6-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of response to acetate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.


riboflavin binding

Binding to riboflavin.


serine-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 1-acyl-2-[(S)-12-hydroxyoleoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O + NAD+.


alpha-D-xyloside xylohydrolase

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-xylose residues with release of alpha-D-xylose.


polyamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.


generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step

Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.


dinucleotide phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides.


violaceol II metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol II.


protein localization to chloroplast

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a chloroplast.


translation reinitiation

A gene-specific translational control mechanism where the small ribosomal subunit remains attached to the mRNA following termination of translation, then resumes scanning on the same mRNA molecule and initiates again at a downstream start site. Reinitiation depends on de novo recruitment of the ternary complex that is required to recognize the next AUG codon.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host inflammasome-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops an inflammasome-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by interfering with its normal execution. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


formimidoylaspartate deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-aspartate + H2O = N-formyl-L-aspartate + NH3.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


negative regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


dopaminergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


mature follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when the antrum is swollen with follicular fluid. The ovum is ready to erupt from the ovary and is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division.


amylopectin maltohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + an exposed unphosphorylated, unbranched malto-oligosaccharide tail on amylopectin = amylopectin + maltose.


RNA polymerase II core complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II core complex.


negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


leukotriene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of omega-hydroxyceramide/acylceramide.


6'-deoxychalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = 4 CoA + isoliquiritigenin + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of NMDA receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity.


rRNA (pseudouridine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a pseudouridine residue in an rRNA molecule.


positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


rescue of stalled ribosome

A process of translational elongation that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, and results in freeing the ribosome from the stalled translation complex.


glucose catabolic process to butyrate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dihydrogen; effected by some saccharolytic species of Clostridium, e.g. C. butyricum.