Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 1-pyrroline + H2O. The enzymatic part of the reaction produces 4-aminobutanal that spontaneously cyclizes to form 1-pyrroline.


positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


exo-alpha-sialidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.


olfactory cortex development

The progression of the olfactory cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors.


alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


negative regulation of female gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


(-)-isopiperitenone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADPH = (2R,5R)-isopulegone + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + H+.


response to oomycetes

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an oomycetes.


(+)-kotanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-kotanin.


lupan-3beta,20-diol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupan-3beta,20-diol = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H2O.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


response to genistein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.


plastid organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


benzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ADP + cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + 2 H2O + benzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.


CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.


regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


trimethyllysine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + O2 = 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + CO2 + succinate.


T cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction.


mitotic prometaphase

The cell cycle phase in higher eukaryotes which follows mitotic prophase and during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.


glycolytic fermentation to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose(2-) + a (mannosyl)2-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)2-diphosphodolichol = H+ + GDP(3-) + a (mannosyl)3-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)2-diphosphodolichol.


leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.


activated T cell proliferation

The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.


pyrimidodiazepine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pyrimidodiazepine + oxidized glutathione = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.


retinal cone cell development

Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision.


deep nuclear neuron cell migration

The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the ventricular zone to the deep hindbrain nuclei.


regulation of membrane depolarization during action potential

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization during an action potential. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential.


negative regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


ABC-type ferric hydroxamate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-hydroxamate(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-hydroxamate(in).


response to triglyceride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.


ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

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A MAPK cascade containing at least the ERK1 or ERK2 MAP kinases. It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and of ERK1 or ERK2. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier. The ERK1/ERK2 cascade is activated by mitogens, growth factors, G protein-coupled receptors, and results in cellular responses such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation and development.


response to prostaglandin I

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.


Atg12 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S = X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in mesonephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the mesonephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the glomerulus (proximal end) outward toward the mesonephric duct (distal end).


doxorubicin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy.


positive regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


box C/D RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a box C/D RNA molecule.


anatomical structure maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in liver morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver.


regulation of granulosa cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.


adhesion of symbiont infection structure to host

The attachment of an infection structure of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death

Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


dimethylamine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: electron-transferring flavoprotein + H2O + dimethylamine = reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein + formaldehyde + methylamine.


deoxycytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycytidine + H2O = deoxyuridine + NH3.


cyanogenic glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation.


D-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-alanine is the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


post-embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


beta-catenin destruction complex binding

Binding to a beta-catenin destruction complex.


protein localization to vacuolar membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a vacuolar membrane.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-15 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP + H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminides.


tropomyosin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tropomyosin = ADP + O-phosphotropomyosin.


trialkylsulfonium hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a thioether bond, -S-.


regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


esculetin glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) = esculin + UDP(3-) + H+.


regulation of tube diameter

Any process that modulates the diameter of a tube.


glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamic acid-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


arsenate reductase (azurin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + arsenite + 2 oxidized azurin = 2 H+ + 2 reduced azurin + arsenate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine.


organism emergence from protective structure

The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case.


arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an arabinoxylan.


intercalary leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the intercalary leaflet attains its shape. An intercalary leaflet is a leaflet that develops between primary leaflets.


[cytochrome c]-methionine S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-S-methyl-methionine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA.


posterior midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrin via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-(2''-O-xyloside) 6''-O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside + 4-coumaryl-CoA = cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + coenzyme A.


reduced coenzyme F420 oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced coenzyme F420 + O2 = 2 coenzyme F420 + 2 H2O.


UGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGG codon.


aspartyl esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ester bond by a mechanism involving a catalytically active aspartic acid residue.


regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


ribosylpyrimidine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-D-ribosylpyrimidine + H2O = D-ribose + a pyrimidine.


amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


negative regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


positive regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.


B cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a B cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.


AMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


phosphocholine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein-serine-choline phosphate + H2O = protein-serine + choline phosphate.


negative regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


entry into host through the stromata

Entry of a symbiont into host plant tissue via the stromata, microscopic pores in the epidermis of the aerial parts of terrestrial plants. These pores are essential for photosynthesis, as they allow CO2 to diffuse into the plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of neuronal signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.


negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


lipopolysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.


induction by symbiont of tumor or growth in host

The process in which a symbiont causes the formation of a mass of cells in a host organism. While these growths are often called nodules, they are not formed as nitrogen-fixing structures, but rather to provide an environment for the symbiont to grow. In this sense they are parasitic structures rather than mutualistic.


posterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.


regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


histone H4R3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H4, producing histone H4R3me.


positive regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell.


peptidyl-arginine omega-N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate.


3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid, a cyclic purine dinucleotide in which the base groups are guanine.


cuproptosis

A programmed cell death process that is induced by intracellular copper accumulation.


beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = beta-cryptoxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


dimethyl sulfide monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfide + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + methanethiol + formaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate.


histidinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol + NAD+ = L-histidine + NADH + H+.


water-soluble vitamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity

Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from chorismate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate.


8-oxo-(d)RTP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-(d)RTP + H20 = 8-oxo-(d)RMP + diphosphate + H+.


CDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class I protein complex to initiate a change in cellular activity. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


cellular response to differentiation-inducing factor 1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.


2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to 2',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 2',5' and 3',5' linkages.


ethanol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


negative regulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


trigeminal ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


SHREC complex localization

Any process in which a SHREC complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte.


negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


sarcomerogenesis

The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber.


reproductive behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction.


regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.


protein histidine pros-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + succinate.


prephenate(2-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prephenate(2-).


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


positive regulation of platelet formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.


atrial cardiac muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


structural constituent of chromatin

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of chromatin.


emericellamide A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide A.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


epoxyqueuosine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: epoxyqueuosine in tRNA + reductant = queuosine in tRNA + oxidised reductant.


(S)-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.


beta-caryophyllene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-caryophyllene.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.


reactive oxygen species metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.


embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage.


argininosuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.


NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of one or more acetyl groups from a protein, requiring NAD.


dermal bone morphogenesis

The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized.


regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


response to dehydroepiandrosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.


chimeric colonial development

Development a structure consisting of multiple co-operating unicellular organisms of the same species, involving cells of more that one genotype.


interleukin-25 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-25 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


chaeta development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.


p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA( = p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of iron export across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate = 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


rhombomere 1 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


cannabinoid signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a cannabinoid binding to its receptor on the cell surface, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


regulation of acylglycerol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.


capsorubin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsorubin.


hemocyte migration

The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo.


aflatoxin reductase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aflatoxin + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = aflatoxin with reduced furanocoumarin moiety + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


polymeric immunoglobulin binding

Binding to a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes.


positive regulation of gastric acid secretion

Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


oocyte animal/vegetal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the animal/vegetal axis in the oocyte. The animal/vegetal axis of an oocyte is defined by the placement of the nucleus in the oocyte and can sometimes be identified by the asymmetric placement of other substances such as yolk in the oocyte. The pole of the egg that is closest to the nucleus defines the animal end, with the axis passing through the nucleus.


candelabrum cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature candelabrum cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a candelabrum cell fate. A candelabrum cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


acyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD+ = L-tyrosine + NADH + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + O2 + H2O + H+ = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + CO2 + NH(4)+ + H2O2.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


antennal joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized.


tetraterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NH3.


maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin

The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host receptor-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a vascular smooth muscle cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine.


modulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to benzoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.


negative regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation.


nucleoside phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + a 2'-deoxynucleoside = a nucleoside + a 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.


violaceol II catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol II.


teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.


hindbrain formation

The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


R-linalool synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (R)-linalool + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2-aminoethyl)phosphonate + pyruvate = L-alanine + phosphonoacetaldehyde.


eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.


dihydromonapterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + NADPH = tetrahydromonapterin + NADP+.


response to interleukin-7

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


regulation of raffinose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose.


trifid subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching

The process in which a ureteric bud splits into three units at its end.


negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: RMP + diphosphate = R + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


nephrostome development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephrostome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity.


cysteine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of a membrane to the other.


dermatan 6-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate.


gallate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + H+ = CO2 + pyrogallol.


protein maturation by protein folding

The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


GTP cyclohydrolase IIa activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + 2 H+ + 2 phosphate.


myotome development

The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle.


positive regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.


regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.


nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-methylthioadenosine + phosphate = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


coniferin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coniferin, 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(D-ribitylimino)-5,6-dihydrouracil + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + H+ + L-methionine + NH4+.


type III interferon production

The appearance of type III interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


sensory perception of cold stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a cold temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


pre-miRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.


seed germination

The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.


positive regulation of maltotetraose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.


lung proximal/distal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the lung. The proximal/distal axis of the lung is defined by a line that runs from the trachea to the alveoli.


crying behavior

The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.


retinol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of retinol from one side of a membrane to the other. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


16S rRNA (guanine(966)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(966) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(966) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 2-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+.


phosphinothricin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphinothricin.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


alpha-carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = alpha-cryptoxanthin + NADP+ + H2O.


rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


chondrocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


regulation of microtubule-based movement

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins.


regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi Basidiomycetes.


dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two basic amino acids within a protein.


erythromycin D 3''-o-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin D = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin B + H+.


positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 5-methylcytosine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 5-methylcytosine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the DNA 5-methylcytosine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 5-methylcytosine, leaving an abasic site.


carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.


germ-band shortening

The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.


detection of oxygen

The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


ethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol + 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


GDP-L-galactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.


CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a CDP-alcohol group from one compound to another.


wing cell fate specification

The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment.


The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleoside.


creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of creatine from one side of a membrane to the other. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


diaphragm development

The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs.


S-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


specification of posterior mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the posterior mesonephros acquire their identity.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in).


modulation of molecular function in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephros anterior/posterior pattern specification

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the pronephros.


acetone carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetone + ATP + CO2 + 2 H2O = acetoacetate + AMP + 4 H+ + 2 phosphate.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


telium development

The process that leads to the development of a telium, which is a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


cerebellar neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebellar neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scyllo-inositol + NADP = 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + NADPH + H+.


synapse maturation

The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.


negative regulation of developmental process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


negative regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.


light transducer activity

Absorbing energy from one or more photons and transferring their energy to another molecule, usually a protein, within the cell.


positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA binding

Binding to an alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA.


epi-cedrol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = epi-cedrol + diphosphate.


T-helper 17 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


transport of virus in multicellular host

The transport of a virus between cells in a multicellular organism. The cells can be adjacent or spatially separated (e.g. in different tissues or organs).


negative regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.


mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture

A mechanism to recapture 'lost' chromosomes (chromosomes which have become detached from the spindle) during metaphase of mitotic chromosome segregation. Chromosomes with unattached kinetochores are migrated along (non polar) spindle microtubules to the mitotic spindle pole body by a combination of microtubule depolymerisation and 'kinetochore sliding' (migration of the chromosome along the microtubule). The chromosome subsequently migrates along the polar spindle microtubule to the metaphase plate.


amino-acid racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid = a D-amino acid.


arabinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.


AGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGG codon.


JUN kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinase kinases (JNKKKs).


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.


spleen development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.


dCMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.


phosphatidic acid binding

Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


positive regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ shedding, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


regulation of synaptic scaling

A process that modulates synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity, which entails uniform adjustments in the strength of all synapses on a cell in response to prolonged changes in the electrical activity of the cell.


ergosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.


recognition of pollen

A cell recognition process in which pollen is recognized and either accepted or rejected by cells in the stigma.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in stem cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.


extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength

A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist longitudinal stress.


beta-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


bacterial-type flagellum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+.


D-glutamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamate, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamate, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid.


polysaccharide localization

Any process in which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


phloem or xylem histogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


deoxyribonucleoside binding

Binding to a deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to deoxyribose.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the posterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


blood vessel remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vitexin = H+ + UDP + vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside.


metanephric cap specification

The process in which the metanephric cap acquires its identity.


regulation of exonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.


membrane docking

The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


rhombomere 2 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing

The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


telomere maintenance via base-excision repair

A telomere maintenance process that occurs by base-excision repair of telomeric DNA in response to DNA damage. Telomeric sequences are particularly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, due to their G-rich nature.


quinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine.


leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


limb granular cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb granular cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell and a Purkinje myocyte by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 a reduced ferredoxin + an oxidized thioredoxin = 2 an oxidized ferredoxin + a reduced thioredoxin, involving a 4Fe-4S cluster and an adjacent active-site disulfide.


absorption of UV light

The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm.


positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + malonyl-CoA + H+ = cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.


aliphatic aldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic aldoxime = an aliphatic nitrile + H2O.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: arabinose(out) + H+(out) = arabinose(in) + H+(in).


response to pyrethroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


negative regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


DNA rewinding

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are reformed to regenerate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ssDNA is often bound and stabilized by proteins such as replication protein A (RPA) to form ssDNA bubbles. The bubbles can be rewound by ATP-dependent motors to reform base pairs between strands and thus dsDNA.


spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-aminopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


structural constituent of postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton.


female analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


vein smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the vein. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The vein is a vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds.


chitin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium

Attaching of a chitin-containing cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol:NAD(P)+ 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P) = 5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one + carbon dioxide + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction N4-acetylcytidine +H2O = cytidine + acetate.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


rhombomere structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


3-methyleneoxindole reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyloxindole + NADP+ = 3-methyleneoxindole + H+ + NADPH.


neuronal dense core vesicle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuronal dense core vesicle.


nucleobase:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleobase(out) + cation(out) = nucleobase(in) + cation(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + a poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate longer by one C5 unit.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


lipid hydroxylation

The covalent attachment of a hydroxyl group to one or more fatty acids in a lipid.


glutamate catabolic process to butyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.


3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = glycine + glyoxylate.


positive regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to simvastatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.


positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.


protein autosumoylation

The sumoylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


polyacyltrehalose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


prosthetic group biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of brassinosteroid.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.


phytoene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoene.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


protein serine pyrophosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein phospho-serine + inositol 5-triphosphate pentakisphosphate = protein diphospho-serine + inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate.


dCTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.


negative regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


stomach body smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the body of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


monoacylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


muscle cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.


glycogen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.


tRNA end turnover

The process in which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.


beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


miltiradiene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving miltiradiene.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-D-glucose.


apoptotic process involved in development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development.


mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (feruloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + ferulate + H+.


septum secundum development

The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing.


high-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a high-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the high-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.


suppression by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin production in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone.


detection of high humidity

The series of events in which high humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor activity

Combining with ecdysis-triggering hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ACU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACU codon.


haltere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized.


brexanolone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brexanolone.


lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


all-trans-retinol binding

Binding to all-trans-retinol.


glutathione binding

Binding to glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.


asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.


aliphatic nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CN + H2O = R-COOH + NH3.


S-alkylthiohydroximate lyase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a S-alkylthiohydroximate to a thiohydroximate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADPH + O2 = 6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP+.


atrioventricular valve development

The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


spermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + H2O2.


lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate. This pathway of prokaryotic lysine biosynthesis via alpha-aminoadipate was discovered in the hyper-thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This undergoes acetylation, to form N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate, and is then phosphorylated to give N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate. This is converted to N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is then converted to N2-acetyl-L-lysine. A final deacetylation reaction produces L-lysine.


ommatidial rotation

The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification.


The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own aspartate amino acid residues, or an aspartate residue on an identical protein.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


positive regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


geranyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes.


anther dehiscence

The dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.


9-fluorenone-3,4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone.


aerobic sulfur oxidation

A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.


sulochrin oxidase [(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2R)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


protein-tetrapyrrole linkage

The covalent linking of a tetrapyrrole to a protein.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and contributing to the shaping of a Malpighian tubule.


N-cyclopropylammelide alkylamino hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammelide + H2O = cyclopropylamine + cyanuric acid.


squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.


cellular detoxification

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


cellular response to retinoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.


box H/ACA RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small RNA transcript into a mature box H/ACA RNA.


negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT.


cerebellum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


proline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate + NADP+ = palmitoylglycerone phosphate + NADPH + H+.


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


fatty acid methyl ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid methyl ester.


glucocorticoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


parietal peritoneum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a parietal peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


rRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule.


protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline

The glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


imaginal disc lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between compartments in an imaginal disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


stalled ribosome sensor activity

A molecule that recognizes stalled ribosomes and initiates a signaling response.


intramolecular lyase activity

The catalysis of certain rearrangements of a molecule to break or form a ring.


positive regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


vanillin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + vanillin.


cochlea development

The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound.


3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


DN3 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN3 thymocyte. A DN3 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25+.


polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule linked to prior polyadenylation of the 3'-end of the precursor snoRNA.


dihydrofolic acid binding

Binding to dihydrofolic acid, a folic acid in which the bicyclic pteridine structure is in the dihydro, partially reduced form; they are intermediates in folate metabolism and are reduced to their tetrahydro, reduced forms.


dissimilatory sulfate reduction

The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Sulfate is activated to adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) which is then reduced to sulfite, which is in turn reduced to hydrogen sulfide.


neural nucleus development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma.


verbascose galactinol:ajugose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: verbascose + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol = ajugose + myo-inositol.


regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


exo-alpha-(2->8)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


negative regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


behavioral response to wounding

A behavioral response resulting from wounding.


cytoplasmic translational termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in the cytoplasm, usually in response to a termination codon.


cellular response to nocodazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.


peripheral nervous system axon ensheathment

The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.


serine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H+ + NADPH.


peripheral B cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


acquisition of seed longevity

The acquisition of seed longevity is the ordered series of events during seed development, that prevent embryo deterioration and ROS damage and thus contribute to seed viability over time or in response to adverse environmental conditions. These events include protective (e.g. production of glassy cytoplasm ) and repair (e.g. oxidative stress responses) processes.


wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.


meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.


myosin filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


cellular response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.


abietadiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = (-)-abietadiene + diphosphate.


tropinone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pseudotropine = H+ + NADPH + tropinone.


cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


envenomation resulting in blood agglutination in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with specific proteins binding to cell-surface carbohydrates and causing calcium-dependent agglutination of blood cells in the bitten organism.


Enables the directed movement of lysophospholipids from one side of a membrane to the other. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-5-hydroxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dimethoxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


L-gulonolactone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-xylo-hex-3-ulonolactone + H2O2.


interleukin-33 production

The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


hepatic stellate cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a hepatic stellate cell.


GARP complex binding

Binding to a GARP complex.


dTDP-mannose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = calcitriol + H2O + NADP+.


chronic inflammatory response

Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.


sensory processing

Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect.


cell differentiation involved in pronephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


amphiregulin production

The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor.


positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


foraging behavior

Behavior by which an organism locates food.


regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


sepal giant cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sepal giant cell. A sepal giant cell is a pavement cell that is part of the sepal epidermis and stretches one fifth the length of the sepal with a chromosome content of 16C.


positive regulation of cell size

Any process that increases cell size.


ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter.


regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cellular response to leucine starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of leucine.


regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] = CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].


MAPK-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand and leading to the activation of a MAP kinase cascade.


positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


protein insertion into membrane raft

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


cellobiose binding

Binding to cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + gramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.