Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


meristem maintenance

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem.


striated muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde.


Roundabout signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a SLIT protein binding to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


fungiform papilla morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the fungiform papilla are generated and organized. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


positive regulation of trehalose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose catabolic process.


regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


non-glycolytic fermentation

Fermentation that does not include the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.


negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.


mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA. m7G(5')pppR-RNA is mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap; R may be guanosine or adenosine.


seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. The seryl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a serine-accetping tRNA.


cellular response to magnesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.


dentate gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.


atrial cardiac muscle cell-AV node cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of an atrial cardiomyocyte to an AV node cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


pinoresinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinoresinol + NADPH + H+ = lariciresinol + NADP+.


oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation

Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber.


rhombomere 8 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


nitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor.


neuroepithelial cell differentiation

The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.


stress response to cadmium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a cadmium ion stimulus.


CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


positive regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


negative regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


R3/R4 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R3 and R4 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to potassium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + isorhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


plant-type cell wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated a ligand binding to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFalpha) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


pre-miRNA binding

Binding to a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.


glucose catabolic process to lactate

The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, and possibly ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


D-lactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


sperm mitochondrion organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm.


hemangioblast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages.


2-isopropylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H+.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.


negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of urine volume

Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


O-hexanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hexyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


negative regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


protein-FAD linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


negative regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 16-hydroxypalmitate + NADP = H+ + 16-oxo-palmitate + NADPH.


somitogenesis

The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.


Catalysis of the transfer of mannose-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.


regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


response to nonane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.


antigen sampling by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

The process of antigen samples carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytidine56 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine56 in tRNA.


prenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.


establishment of protein localization to chloroplast

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a chloroplast.


negative regulation of stress response to copper ion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


positive regulation of action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [phospho-alpha-glucan] + H2O = AMP + O-phospho-[phospho-alpha-glucan] + phosphate.


fructan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.


cibarial fish-trap bristle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cibarial fish-trap bristle are generated and organized. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.


complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Cell killing caused by the membrane attack complex formed following complement activation.


organomercury metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organomercury compound, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.


negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sulphoglycolysis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and pyruvate.


cellular response to thiabendazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.


cerebellar granular layer structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbose(out) = protein histidine + sorbose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


o-orsellinic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-orsellinic acid.


positive regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


negative aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen.


neurohypophysis formation

The process that gives rise to neurohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


thiol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a thiol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an S-alkyl thiosulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.


hydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + A = AH2.


optic nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


negative regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) + H+(out) = hexose(in) + H+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + protein L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by glycosylamine linkage to protein L-asparagine.


synaptic vesicle localization

Any process in which a synaptic vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


(+)-borneol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-borneol + NAD+ = (1R, 4R)-camphor + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


uridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


D-lyxose ketol-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lyxose = D-xylulose.


estradiol 6-beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + estradiol-17beta + O2 = 6beta-hydroxyestradiol-17beta + A + H2O.


regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS; unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDNU.


protein localization involved in auxin polar transport

Any protein localization that is involved in auxin polar transport.


isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


malate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + malate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + malyl-CoA.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


negative regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


sulfolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfolipid, a compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.


gibberellin A53, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A53 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = gibberellin A44 diacid + carbon dioxide + succinate.


negative regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + UDP-D-glucose = 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucoside + UDP.


cell-cell adhesion in response to extracellular stimulus

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


response to anesthetic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation.


alpha-santalene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-alpha-santalene + diphosphoric acid.


protein desulfurization

The removal of a sulfur group from a protein amino acid.


regulation of isomerase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


intracellular threonine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of threonine within a cell.


trans-synaptic signaling by lipid, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-serine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking

The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 = 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


fumagillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumagillin.


glutaconate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (E)-glutaconate = acetate + glutaconyl-1-CoA.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor axon

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbitol(out) = protein histidine + sorbitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O + NADP+.


regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = trimethylamine + hexadecanal + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


follicle cell of egg chamber stalk formation

Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


sno(s)RNA transcription

The synthesis of snoRNA class RNA (also referred to as sRNA in Archaea) from a DNA template.


copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).


response to platelet aggregation inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet aggregation inhibitor stimulus.


hemocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


positive regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


siderophore-iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(in) + H+(in).


prephenate(2-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prephenate(2-).


sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.


negative regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of an alanyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


membrane lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


biological process involved in symbiotic interaction

A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts.


cellular response to menaquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.


regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the RIG-I signaling pathway.


RNA lariat debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.


cholangiocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cholangiocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cholangiocyte population. A cholangiocyte is an epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water.


RISC complex assembly

The process in which a single-stranded small RNA is incorporated within the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC). The assembly includes the maturation of the small RNA, the stabilization of the complex by accessory proteins of the RISC complex, duplex separation and the release of the second strand, forming a base-pairing completent complex that mediates gene silencing by small RNA.


regulation of defense response to virus by host

Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.


endocardial cushion cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell.


carpel formation

The process that gives rise to the carpel. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


pyrroloquinoline quinone binding

Binding to pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of certain alcohol dehydrogenases and glucose dehydrogenases.


dimethylsilanediol catabolic process

The aerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.


beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = acetoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2.


hydroxyphytanate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-hydroxyphytanate + O2 = 2-oxophytanate + H2O2.


positive regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.


protein localization to Golgi membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Golgi membrane.


ubiquinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


phagosome acidification involved in apoptotic cell clearance

Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, and occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance.


alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor activity

Combining with alpha-2 macroglobulin and delivering alpha-2 macroglobulin into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis.


regulation of basidium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of a basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


linear 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a linear [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 7-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


myosin II filament disassembly

The disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


regulation of establishment of planar polarity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of planar polarity, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide molecule.


group A colicin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-lysine oxidation

The oxidation of the terminal amino-methylene groups of peptidyl-L-lysine or peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine to aldehyde groups to form allysine or hydroxyallysine residues, respectively; these are intermediates in the formation of covalent cross-links between adjacent polypeptide chains in proteins such as collagens.


D-lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


thigmotaxis

The directed movement of an animal in response to touch.


positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


negative regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

Any process that reduces the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


regulation of endosperm development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.


nitrite reductase (cytochrome, ammonia-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H+.


sulfur reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of elemental sulfur or polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide.


UAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAC codon.


positive regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.


negative regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


protein localization to meiotic spindle midzone

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle midzone.


regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde dense core granule transport.


viral DNA strand displacement replication

A viral DNA replication process where only one strand is replicated at once, and which releases a single stranded DNA (ssDNA).


elastin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.


beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.


ATP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-RNA.


response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


pancreatic PP cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyacid + a quinone = 2-oxoacid + a quinol.


membrane biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


regulation of zinc ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


melanin-concentrating hormone receptor activity

Combining with the cyclic peptide hormone melanin-concentrating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.


T follicular helper cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell.


Catalysis of the transfer of a stearoyl (systematic name, octadecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: octadecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-octadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


negative regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase A2 activity.


protein demalonylation

The removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO), from an amino acid residue within a protein or peptide.


formation of translation initiation ternary complex

Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


ureter morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.


long-chain fatty acid transporting porin activity

Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons. This transporter is a porin and so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


rumination

A digestive process in which food, usually grass or hay, is swallowed into a multi-compartmented stomach, regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed again.


protein O-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.


intracellular water homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within a cell.


regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


positive regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pinacolone 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + 1/2 O2 = 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one.


positive regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


response to prostaglandin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.


response to antidepressant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug.


T/G mismatch-specific endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrin III = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2.


regulation of metaxylem development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metaxylem development. Metaxylem development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metaxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metaxylem is the part of the primary xylem that differentiates after the protoxylem and before the secondary xylem, if any of the latter is formed.


positive regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


superior temporal gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.


peptidyl-serine O-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-serine.


response to bacterial lipoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.


platelet formation

The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.


germ-band extension

Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


Roundabout signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + L-serine = CMP + O-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine.


aspartate-ammonia ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine.


primitive streak formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the primitive streak from unspecified parts. The primitive streak is a ridge of cells running along the midline of the embryo where the mesoderm ingresses. It defines the anterior-posterior axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(10) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H(+) + N(2)-methylguanosine(10) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + phenol.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + acetyl-CoA = N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + CoA + H+.


propionate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA.


pancreatic E cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic E cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.


ovulation cycle

The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


bicarbonate channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a bicarbonate (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 3-beta-D-glucuronosyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.


maintenance of plastid location

Any process in which a plastid is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


paraxial mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ = CO2 + succinate semialdehyde.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.


substance P receptor activity

Combining with substance P, the peptide Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met, to initiate a change in cell activity.


NAD+ nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, aniline-o-sulfonic acid, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone phosphate.


2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vestitone + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADPH + H+.


secondary shoot formation

The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs.


learned vocalization behavior or vocal learning

Vocalisation behavior that is the result of learning, or the process by which new vocalizations are learned.


response to cyclophosphamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclophosphamide stimulus.


positive regulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cell-cell junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


oxo-acid-lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, of a 3-hydroxy acid.


D-fructuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NADP = NADPH + H+ + D-fructuronate.


assembly of apicomedial cortex actomyosin

A process which results in the assembly or arrangement of constituent parts apicomedial cortex actomyosin.


regulation of lactose biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.


cellular response to ether

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrins.


zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).


atropine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of atropine. Atropine is the racemic mixture of hyoscyamine.


sweat gland placode formation

The developmental process in which the sweat gland placode forms. An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud.


regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


cytochrome c-heme linkage

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme.


positive regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


nicotine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.


7-hydroxy-chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + H+ = chlorophyllide b + NADP+ + 2 H2O.


regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


specification of segmental identity, abdomen

The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


female germline ring canal formation

Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst.


regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.


imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified.


protein arginine N5-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the delta-nitrogen atom of peptidyl-arginine residues. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-N5-methyl-L-arginine.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-negative bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


Catalysis of the reaction: [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.


tight junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


estrogen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


DNA negative supercoiling activity

Catalytic introduction of negative supercoils into a DNA molecule or region thereof. In bacteria, negative supercoils are only introduced by DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, but not all DNA gyrases are capable of introducing supercoils. In bacteria, the level of supercoiling varies widely between species and has been characterized properly in only a handful of organisms. The best characterized enzyme, from E.coli, is exceptionally proficient at supercoiling and this ability is not representative of all bacteria.


negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.


D-proline reductase (dithiol) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lipoate + 5-aminopentanoate = dihydrolipoate + D-proline.


photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II

After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


epoxide carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the generic reaction: epoxide + CO2 + NAD+ + electron donor = beta-keto acid + NADH + reduced electron donor; the electron donor may be NADPH or a dithiol. This reaction is the ring opening and carboxylation of an epoxide; for example: epoxypropane + CO2 + NAD+ + NADPH = acetoacetate + NADH + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + S-(4-bromophenyl)-L-cysteine = (4-bromophenylsulfanyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


visual behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.


positive regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


oocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte.


regulation of synaptic vesicle docking

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle docking.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.


TORC2 complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a TORC2 complex into its constituent components.


mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.


protein localization to division septum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a division septum.


peptidyl-lysine deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).


regulation of meiotic spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.


glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


inositol oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + O2 = D-glucuronate + H2O + H+.


regulation of hemocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


peptide dopaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-dopaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+).


selective angioblast sprouting

The segregation of angioblasts into discrete arterial and venous vessels from one common precursor vessel.


eye-antennal disc development

Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.


response to carbamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase.


Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue from UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to the 4-position of a mannose linked alpha-1,6 to the core mannose of high-mannose oligosaccharides produced by Dictyostelium discoideum.


response to injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a injury. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.


regulation of secretion by asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation

The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that modulates the controlled release of a substance from a polarized epithelial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H+.


negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


L-amino acid efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


organic acid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid.


positive regulation of response to nutrient levels

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.


negative regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.


response to purine-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


melanocyte adhesion

The attachment of a melanocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


Catalysis of the reaction: deacetyl-[citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + S-acetylphosphopantetheine = [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


response to methylamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


positive regulation of viral transcription

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, a large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in).


cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the metanephros.


hair follicle maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.


high-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


folic acid binding

Binding to folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


polyketide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


specification of metanephric loop of Henle identity

The process in which the loop of Henle of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.


manganese ion binding

Binding to a manganese ion (Mn).


deoxyribose 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 5-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 5-phospho-2-deoxyribose.


negative regulation of NK T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.


4-nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor.


organic phosphonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Catabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


dUMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dUMP = ADP + dUDP.


chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of arachidonic acid.


alpha-ribazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


FAD diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H2O = AMP + FMN.


phytyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.


dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine + H+.


leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine.


lymphocyte chemotaxis

The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.


cytidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.


regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


negative regulation of behavior

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


silver ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of silver (Ag) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


response to ischemia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.


nicotinic acid riboside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.


multi-pass transmembrane protein insertion into ER membrane

A process of protein insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins is mediated by the multi-pass translocon complex and takes place following membrane insertion of the first few transmembrane segments of proteins by the SEC61 complex to promote insertion of subsequent transmembrane regions.


protein glutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


spermatogonial cell division

The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-secoisolariciresinol + NAD = H+ + (-)-lactol + NADH.


(R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.


positive regulation of muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


cohesin unloader activity

Facilitating a conformational change to unload a cohesin complex from sister chromatids.


negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


response to chloroquine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


perichondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.


rhombomere development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


glandular epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


leukotriene B4 12-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + NADP+ = 12-oxo-leukotriene B4 + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


soyasaponin III rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + soyasaponin III = H+ + UDP + soyasaponin I.


behavioral response to formalin induced pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + methylmalonate.


histone H4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H4. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


ureidoglycine aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ureidoglycine + H2O = S-ureidoglycolate + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a medium-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. Medium-chain aldehydes have a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.


delphinidin 7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) acyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose = violdelphin + beta-D-glucose.


cortisol O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cortisol = CoA + cortisol 21-acetate.


negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


cytochrome c metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytochrome c.


oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification

Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


eosinophil extravasation

The migration of an eosinophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle midzone

A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the spindle midzone. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


Catalysis of the reaction: salicyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + salicin + UDP.


extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


taurine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


negative regulation of macrophage activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.


negative regulation of phenotypic switching

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.


3alpha-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD+ = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H+ + NADH.


regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.


AV node cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in an atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell.


galactomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


regulation of fever generation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation.


fatty acid peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O2 + H+ + palmitate = CO2 + 3 H2O + pentadecanal.


pseudouridine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pseudouridine = ADP + 2 H+ + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.


regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction O-acetyl-ADP-ribose + H2O = ADP-ribose + acetate.


allose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


negative regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


L-DOPA receptor activity

Combining with L-DOPA to initiate a change in cell activity. L-DOPA is the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, and is the precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine.


mitral valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized.


regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


rhythmic excitation

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.


electroception

The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location.


negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.


positive regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


rhamnose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


dichloromethane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dichloromethane, a dichlorinated derivative of methane. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor, often used as a paint remover.


envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.


gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


phospholipase C-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which proceeds with inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity and a subsequent decrease in the levels of cellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


chorion development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chorion from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The chorion is an extraembryonic membrane.


membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential

The process in which bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid.


mesonephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the terminal segment of the proximal tubule and ends at the mesonephric connecting tubule.


positive regulation of taurine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of taurine biosynthesis.


naphtho-gamma-pyrone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphtho-gamma-pyrone.


5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine = (R)-O-acetylcarnitine + CoA.


DNA clamp unloading

The process of removing the PCNA complex from DNA when Okazaki fragments are completed or the replication fork terminates.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDE; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.


tRNA wobble guanine modification

The process in which a guanine in t position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


cytolysis

The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


homoserine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


specification of nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the nephron acquire their identity.


perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + perillyl alcohol = H+ + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.


somatic recombination of T cell receptor gene segments

The process in which T cell receptor genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as T cell receptor gene segments.


klinokinesis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered.


stilbene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.


regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


pyramid development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney pyramids over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.


juvenile hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


positive regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


ribonuclease MRP activity

Catalysis of the site-specific cleavage of RNA by a catalytic RNA-mediated mechanism; substrates include the A3 site in the ITS1 of pre-rRNA.


specification of loop of Henle identity

The process in which the loop of Henle of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


BMP receptor activity

Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


adenyl ribonucleotide binding

Binding to an adenyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-axon interactions

The movement of cerebral cortex neuronal precursors tangentially through the cortex using interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.


detoxification of aluminum ion

Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of aluminum ions. These can include transport of the aluminum away from sensitive areas, sequesteration, or chemical modification to an inert form.


tripeptide aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a tripeptide.


response to cortisol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.


heart valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


plastid single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single subunit type plastid RNA polymerase specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


cysteamine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cysteamine + O2 = H+ + hypotaurine.


alpha-beta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminoethylphosphonate, most abundant and ubiquitous of naturally occurring phosphonates. It is typically found as a conjugate of glycans, lipids, and proteins, which in turn perform essential biochemical functions in specialized lower organisms.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


arylamine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an arylamine = UDP + an N-D-glucosylarylamine.


fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.


positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling

The process of restoring the photoreceptor cell to its unexcited state after termination of the stimulus (photon).


DNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.


D-amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + cyanin betaine = shisonin + coenzyme A.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate = CO2 + NH3 + succinate semialdehyde + acetate.


specification of anterior mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the anterior mesonephros acquire their identity.


indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H2O + O2 = (indol-3-yl)acetate + H2O2 + H+.


dADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).


memory T cell proliferation

The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division.


(1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


ABC-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(in).


lytic transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the plasma membrane.


NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


dextrin dextranase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m) = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m+1).


arginine catabolic process to succinate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate.


carbon disulfide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbon disulfide + NADH + H+ + O2 = [S] + H2O + NAD+ + carbonyl sulfide.


peptidyl-lysine formylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-formyl-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-7-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.


negative regulation of artery morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylgalactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylgalactosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylgalactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


entry into dormancy

The dormancy process that results in entry into dormancy. Dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = sakuranetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that increases the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


hair cycle

The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


chitin deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate.


positive regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


response to muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine.


epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac fibroblast cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.


positive regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.