Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.


type B pancreatic cell development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


response to gemcitabine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas.


lactone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactone.


symbiont-mediated disruption of host extracellular matrix

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host extracellular matrix.


NADH peroxidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O2 + NADH + H+ = 2 H2O + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptyl-4-quinolone + NADH + O2 + H+ = 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone + NAD + H2O.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.


glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. GM-CSF binds to a heterodimer receptor (CSF2R) consisting of an alpha ligand-binding subunit, and a common beta subunit that is shared with other cytokine receptors.


threonine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr).


heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan.


glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3.


peptidyl-lysine propionylation

The propionylation of peptidyl-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5 H+ + NADH + a menaquinone = 4 H+ + NAD + a menaquinol.


response to environmental enrichment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the provision of a combination of complex inanimate and social stimulations in the organism's housing environment.


cellular response to anisomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.


labial disc development

Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis.


cocaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


formation of arbuscule for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of an arbuscule, a fine, tree-like hyphal symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme changes the linking number in multiples of 2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.


8-oxoguanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine + H2O = 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione + ammonium.


gluconate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


Kdo2-lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.


compound eye cone cell fate commitment

The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type.


semicircular canal formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the semicircular canal from the otic vesicle. This process begins with the regionalization of the vesicle that specifies the area where the vesicles will form and continues through the process of fusion which forms the initial tubes.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate.


regulation of root meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem.


crystal cell differentiation

The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


Catalysis of the reaction: 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydromacarpine + H+.


vasodilation in another organism

A process by which an organism causes vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in another organism.


acetaldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.


all-trans undecaprenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + undecaprenol + all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


skeletal muscle satellite cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


regulation of response to furfural

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.


inositol heptakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.


butanal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanal + CoA + NAD(P)+ = butanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+.


alditol phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditol phosphates, any phosphorylated polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + isoquinoline = AH(2) + isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.


intracellular polyamine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of polyamine within a cell.


rhamnose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


proton motive force-driven motor activity

A motor activity driven by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force). PMF-driven motors are used by bacterial flagella.


sleep homeostasis

A homeostatic process in which the drive for sleep increases sleep propensity with prolonged wakefulness.


maintenance of root meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


vulval cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


ABC-type azole transporter activity

Enables the transfer of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + azole(in) = ADP + phosphate + azole(out).


regulation of CD40 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.


response to vitamin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral cortex

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from its cell body in layer V through the cerebral cortex in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


regulation of muscle filament sliding speed involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.


ATP-dependent peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


acetylcholine receptor activity

Combining with an acetylcholine receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid + H2O + NAD+ = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylitol + NADP+ = D-xylose + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: N1-aminopropylagmatine + H2O = spermidine + urea.


negative regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that reduces autophagosome size.


peptide antigen stabilization

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide antigen and preventing it from being degraded.


asexual sporulation

The formation of spores derived from the products of an asexual cell division. Examples of this process are found in bacteria and fungi.


regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.


embryo development ending in seed dormancy

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


flavanol binding

Binding to a flavanol.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric triacetylfusarinine C from one side of a membrane to the other.


cell wall repair

A process of cell wall organization that results in the restoration of the cell wall following damage.


kinetochore binding

Binding to a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 = (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C11-geranylacetone and then cleaved to produce (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and acetone.


nuclear cortisol receptor activity

Combining with cortisol and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.


fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


corticotropin hormone secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.


D-amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


diuretic hormone receptor activity

Combining with a diuretic hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


antigenic variation

Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system.


peroxynitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + ONOO- = [protein]-disulfide + NO2- + H2O.


extraction of mislocalized protein from ER membrane

The removal of a mislocalized protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.


selenocysteine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNASec + L-Ser + ATP = Ser-tRNASec + AMP + diphosphate.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


archaeal-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to the motion of one or more archaeal-type flagella. An archaeal-type flagellum (also called archaellum) is a non-membrane-bounded organelle superficially similar to a bacterial-type flagellum, but having a different molecular structure and lacking a central channel.


positive regulation of chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


nuclear glucocorticoid receptor activity

Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal within the cell trigger a change in cell activity or function.


genital disc sexually dimorphic development

The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed.


regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.


proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proanthocyanidin.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


protein localization to postsynapse

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the postsynapse, the part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.


regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


imidazole-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


negative regulation of lipid catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.


prostate gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.


chitobiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chitobiose + phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. This reaction is the phosphorolysis of chitobiose, (GlcNAc)2, a dimer of beta-(1->4) linked glucosamine units.


gap junction assembly

Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 8.8S rRNA, the 2S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty aldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH.


diacylglycerol transacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + a 2-monoglyceride.


membrane fusion involved in acrosome reaction

The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm with the outer acrosomal membrane.


intergenic mRNA trans splicing

The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs from two different genes, each of which also produces mRNA(s) via cis-splicing.


regulation of peroxisome size

Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


pullulan binding

Binding to pullulan.


regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


phosphatidic acid transfer activity

Removes a phosphatidic acid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. Phosphatidic acid refers to a glycophospholipids with, in general, a saturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-1, an unsaturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-2, and a phosphate group bonded to carbon-3.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.


geranoyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + geranoyl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


negative regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that suppresses atrichoblast fate specification.


ABC-type transporter activity

Primary active transporter characterized by two nucleotide-binding domains and two transmembrane domains. Uses the energy generated from ATP hydrolysis to drive the transport of a substance across a membrane.


negative regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.


response to epidermal growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.


serous membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a serous membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cyclic-di-AMP binding

Binding to a cyclic di-AMP nucleotide.


dark adaptation

The process by which the rods of the retina gradually become fully responsive to dim light when no longer exposed to bright light.


small RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a nucleoside residue in a small RNA molecule. Reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + small RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + small RNA containing a 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylnucleotide.


G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


olefinic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP = 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + 7,8-dihydrofolate.


tatiopterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tatiopterin.


maternal placenta development

Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


superior olivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


maintenance of floral meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


altronate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.


symbiont defense to host-produced jasmonic acid

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


adenosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = D-ribose + adenine.


spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation

Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation.


atrial cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


nitrogenase (flavodoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6 reduced flavodoxin + 6 H+ + N2 + n ATP = 6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + n ADP + n phosphate.


carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = a beta-ring hydroxylcarotene + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.


glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.


Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells.


negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


negative regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


post-anaphase microtubule array organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly ofa post-anaphase microtubule array.


L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + H+ = CO2 + dopamine.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells that contribute to the radial growth of a lung bud.


tRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a uracil residue in a tRNA molecule.


peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


negative regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

The process in which the neural tube is regionalized in the dorsoventral axis.


immune response-inhibiting signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.


ovulation from ovarian follicle

The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.


formate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways by which formate is converted to CO2.


peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine.


epoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving epoxides, compounds in which an oxygen atom is directly attached to two adjacent or non-adjacent carbon atoms of a carbon chain or ring system; thus cyclic ethers.


mast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


response to tacrolimus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + H+.


microtubule cytoskeleton attachment to nuclear envelope

A process in which the microtubule cytoskeleton is attached to the nuclear envelope.


butyrate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid.


positive regulation of eosinophil activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.


orthokinesis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-endo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid.


chromium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chromium (Cr) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


nicotianamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


malonyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.


lipopolysaccharide transfer activity

Removes a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


synoviocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of type B synoviocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A type B synoviocyte is a fibroblast-like cell found in synovial tissues.


negative regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


hepoxilin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.


negative regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.


quercetin O-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


cellular response to methionine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate.


regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


premature acrosome loss

The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


protein localization to perinuclear region of cytoplasm

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.


fucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fucose is 6-deoxygalactose and has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.


MutLbeta complex binding

Binding to a MutLbeta mismatch repair complex.


neuron cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of hexasaccharide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.


embryonic lung development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


forebrain neuroblast division

The division of a neuroblast located in the forebrain. Neuroblast division gives rise to at least another neuroblast.


taurine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


Ras palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.


abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement

Any abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.


detection of gibberellic acid stimulus

The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronide lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of rhamnogalacturonan, generating oligosaccharides of the form alpha-D-us-galacturonic acid-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonate-(1,2)-L-rhamnose-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-p-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonic acid, terminating at the non-reducing end with a hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid residue.


epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell and contributes to the progression of the lung over time from its initial formation to the mature organ.


lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidic acid.


floral organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


GTP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.


acylglycerol homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acylglycerol within an organism or cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + ATP = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl 5'-adenylate + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the addition of mannose to dolichyl-pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 (also written as Man7GlcNAc2-PP-Dol) in alpha-(1->6) linkage, producing Man8GlcNAc2-PP-Dol.


urethra development

The progression of the urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.


cellular response to estradiol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.


cellular response to UV-C

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


rifamycin-B oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + rifamycin B = H2O2 + rifamycin O.


regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


cell fate specification involved in pattern specification

The process involved in the specification of the identity of a cell in a field of cells that is being instructed as to how to differentiate. Once specification has taken place, that cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


nitrile hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amide = a nitrile + H2O.


riboflavin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + riboflavin = ADP + FMN + 2 H+.


polysaccharide binding

Binding to a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


pre-mRNA intronic pyrimidine-rich binding

Binding to a pyrimidine-rich (CU-rich) intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).


cellular response to ethylene stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.


exo-(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linear alpha-D-glucan = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + beta-D-glucose.


pollen tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure.


metanephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.


glycolipid floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a glycolipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent, acetol producing)

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxyacetone + NADP+ = H+ + methylglyoxal + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine = ethanolamine + a fatty acid.


regulation of sporangiospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.


positive regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


RNA polymerase III assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase III complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH.


cellular response to purvalanol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxymethyl- or formyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


chloroplast mRNA modification

The covalent alteration within the chloroplast of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


tongue muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a tongue muscle cell.


proximal/distal pattern formation

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


vesicle tethering

The initial, indirect interaction between a vesicle membrane and a membrane to which it is targeted for fusion. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to interaction between factors involved in fusion.


subsynaptic reticulum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a subsynaptic reticulum. A subsynaptic reticulum is an elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate + H2O = 2 6-aminohexanoate.


detection of endogenous stimulus

The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


protein localization to bicellular tight junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a bicellular tight junction.


(R)-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NADP = (R)-lactaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


skeletal muscle adaptation

Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.


negative regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP.


positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


anaerobic amino acid catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


positive regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


(gibberellin-36), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A36 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = H+ + gibberellin A4 + succinate + 2 carbon dioxide.


inositol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


3,3'-dibromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3-monobromobisphenol A + HBr.


negative regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


(S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


positive regulation of heart rate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


positive regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.


cellular response to chitin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.


cellular response to genistein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.


positive regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.


23S rRNA (adenine(1618)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1618) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(1618) in 23S rRNA.


formaldehyde catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.


cellulose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside-disphosphate-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = nucleoside-disphosphate + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


CCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCG codon.


protein localization to horsetail-astral microtubule array

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a horsetail-astral microtubule array.


vitellogenin receptor activity

Receiving vitellogenin, and delivering vitellogenin into the cell via endocytosis.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in beta-gentiobiose.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NADP+ = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+.


acetoacetate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + H+ = acetone + CO2.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).


strictosidine beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H2O = D-glucose + strictosidine aglycone.


positive regulation by symbiont of entry into host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


maintenance of DNA repeat elements

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.


arbutin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cytokinin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + K+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + K+(in) + Cl-(in).


glomerular basement membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


mesonephric capsule specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of the mesonephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a ribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-ribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.


glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + NAD(P)+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NAD(P)H.


methylcytosine to 5-glyceryl-methylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + L-ascorbate + O2 = 5-glyceryl-methylcytosine + glyoxylate + CO2.


pole plasm mRNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine.


phylloquinone monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + phylloquinone = 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + A + H2O.


spheroidene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spheroidene.


DNA strand elongation

The DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-oxohept-3-ene-1,7-dioate + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate.


Catalysis of the reaction: apigeninidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


galactolipid O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = acylmono-beta-D-galactosyl-diacylglycerol + mono-beta-D-galactosylacylglycerol.


pre-mRNA intronic binding

Binding to an intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).


cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + alpha-KDO-(2->4)-alpha-KDO-(2->6)-lipid IVA = KDO2-(palmitoleoyl)-lipid IVA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


protein histidine tele-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine.


type B pancreatic cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


fructose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.


cellular response to antimycin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + H+ = CO2 + 2-propanol.


linamarin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile = UDP + linamarin.


neutral L-amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a neutral L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


deoxyadenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


intermediate mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.


all-trans retinoic acid 3,4-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoic acid + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinoic acid + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


peroxiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithol + ROOH = [protein]-disulfide + H2O + ROH.


regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-13 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


sensory perception of high humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect high environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


regulatory region RNA binding

Binding to a RNA region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.


5-formyltetrahydrofolate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole-2-sulfonate + H2O = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + HSO3-.


envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


estrogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


dendrite guidance

The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


mobile ion carrier activity

Small molecule produced by bacteria that carries an ion across the membrane by enclosing the ion and travelling with the ion across the membrane. It does not form a fully open pore across the membrane.


negative regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.


modulation by virus of host chromatin organization

Any process in which a virus effects a change in the organization of chromatin in the host.


tRNA-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage

RNA processing that begins when the tertiary structure of a tRNA type intron is recognized, and ends when the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs.


regulation of grooming behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of grooming behavior.


T cell proliferation

The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation.


nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH4+ + 3 NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O = nitrite + 3 NAD(P)H + 5 H+.


cardioblast anterior-lateral migration

The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + 27-hydroxycholesterol = H2O + NADP+ + 7-alpha,27-dihydroxycholesterol.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.


regulation of eating behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.


anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


negative regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


receptor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


2-hydroxy-dATP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-dATP + H2O = 2-hydroxy-dAMP + H+ + diphosphate.


mesaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA.


spore-bearing structure formation

The process of generating a spore-bearing structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.


error-free postreplication DNA repair

The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA via processes such as template switching, which does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not increase the endogenous mutation rate.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond.


enterobacterial common antigen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


ornithine-acyl [acyl carrier protein] N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + L-ornithine = lyso-ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein]. The enzyme, found in bacteria, catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ornithine lipids.


ERK5 cascade

A MAPK cascade containing at least the ERK5 MAP kinase (MAPK7; also called BMK1). It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and of ERK5. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The ERK5 cascade is activated by stress, mitogens, and by G protein-coupled receptors, and results in cellular responses such as cell growth, cell differentiation and development.


FMN reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD+ = FMN + NADH + 2 H+.


calcium- and calmodulin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate, stimulated by calcium-bound calmodulin.


omega-amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a monoamide of a dicarboxylic acid + H2O = a dicarboxylate + NH3.


tRNA nucleoside ribose methylation

The process that results in the modification of the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA at the 2'O position.


spongiotrophoblast layer development

The process in which the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta progresses from its formation to its mature state.


K48-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys48 residue of ubiquitin.


leg disc pattern formation

The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + fumarate + H+.


negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.


indole glucosinolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan; indoles are biologically active substances based on 2,3-benzopyrrole, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan.


Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + H2O = GlcMan(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + beta-D-glucopyranose.


ammonium homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ammonium.


prostanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostanoids.


superoxide anion generation

The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways.


blood vessel lumen ensheathment

A blood vessel lumenization process that occurs by blood vessel endothelial cells delaminating and aligning along the inner surface of an existing luminal space, extending the open ended lumen, and joining to other blood vessels to form a complete blood vessel.


straight chain (R)-2-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a (R)-2-hydroxy even numbered straight chain 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl CoA = formyl-CoA + an odd numbered straight chain 2,3,4-saturated fatty aldehyde.


anti-sigma factor antagonist activity

The function of binding to an anti-sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its activity.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton.


catechol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


sphingolipid very long chain fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + a dihydroceramide = NADP + H2O + an alpha hydroxydihydroceramide.


ornithine catabolic process, by decarboxylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine by decarboxylation.


formation of infection structure

The formation of a symbiont structure that serves to infect its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of T cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.


TDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.


ammonia assimilation cycle

The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen.


UDP-L-arabinose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation.


glial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell.


protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis

Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.


L-arabitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


feminization of hermaphrodite soma

Promotion of female sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


larval foraging behavior

The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food.


sieve element enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus as part of sieve element differentiation. The nuclear contents are released and degraded in the cytoplasm at the same time as other organelles are rearranged and the cytosol is degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: aminohydroquinone + 2 e- + 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 = 1,2,4-benzenetriol + NH3.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via filamentous actin depolymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by depolymerizing the host filamentous actin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glycine amidinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + glycine = L-ornithine + guanidinoacetate.


histone H3T45 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 45) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 45) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 45 of histone H3.


response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.


complement component C4b receptor activity

Combining with the C4b product of the classical complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


nitrate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


response to gonadotropin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.


limb granular cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal granular cell.


response to hesperadin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


tetraketide alpha-pyrone synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: a hydroxyacyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 2 H+ = a hydroxylated tetraketide alpha-pyrone + 3 CO2 + 4 coenzyme A .


immature T cell proliferation in thymus

The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division in the thymus.


(E,E)-geranyllinalool synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (E,E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate.


regulation of root development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root development.


modulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


response to formic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3-glucoside + UDP-rhamnose = anthocyanidin 3-rutinoside + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxycinnamate + NADP+ + H2O.


G protein-coupled UTP receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UTP.


inositol trisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol trisphosphate + ATP = inositol tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxyaniline + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.


amylopectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1->4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1->6) linkages.


DNA ligation

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


lysosomal protein catabolic process

Any cellular protein catabolic process that takes place in a lysosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarotetraose + H2O = 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + agarotriose.


regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


CTP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UTP + glutamine + H20= ADP + phosphate + CTP + glutamate.


protein sulfhydration

The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of sulfur.


primary piRNA processing

The process involved in converting precursor piRNAs into non-overlapping, contiguous primary piRNAs (approximately 24-30-nt piRNAs with a preference for a 5' uridine (U) via the endonucleolytic activity of cytosolic PIWI. This may include pre-piRNA maturation of 3' ends by trimming and 2'-O-methylation.


forebrain morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


regulation of gastric motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric motility.


nasal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the nasal suture is generated and organized.


mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mannosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of mannose or a mannose derivative.


13-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family 13-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosapentaenoic acid.


lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers.


lysobisphosphatidic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.


protein-DNA-RNA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins, DNA, and RNA molecules to form a protein-DNA-RNA complex.


apical cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an apical cell. The apical cell is the upper cell formed after the first division of the zygote.


endocardial cell development

The progression of an endocardial cell over time, from its formation to the mature cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


observational learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + protein = dolichol-phosphate + D-xylosylprotein.


secretin receptor activity

Combining with secretin to initiate a change in cell activity.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.


1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 1-alpha,25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3; calcitriol).


positive regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


P-type manganese transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(in) = ADP + H+ + Mn2+(out) + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + putrescine = N-caffeoylputrescine + CoA + H+.


L-fucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-fucose, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, a sugar that occurs in fucans, a class of polysaccharides in seaweeds, especially Fucus species, and in the cell wall matrix of higher plants.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron over time, from initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylglucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (in).


regulation of response to amylopectin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.


histone H3R26 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 26)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 26) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 26.


soyasapogenol B glucuronosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + soyasapogenol B = H+ + UDP + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate.


ADP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = IDP + NH3.


histamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


trypanothione catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.


cellular response to food

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.


dipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide.


regulation of amino acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid import into a cell.


muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function.


lambda-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages in the backbone of lambda-carrageenan, resulting in the tetrasaccharide alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp2S-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-D-Galp2S.


hercynylselenocysteine lyase activity (selenoneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylselenocysteine + 2H+ = selenoneine + pyruvate + ammonium.


regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.


excitatory synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.


regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


xanthosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthosine.


pyrimidine nucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleotide, a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


hypotaurocyamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hypotaurocyamine = N(omega)-phosphohypotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Fas-activated serine/threonine protein = ADP + Fas-activated serine/threonine phosphoprotein.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


metaphase

The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.


embryonic digestive tract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.


mannitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


glycerophospholipid flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a glycerophospholipid from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in abscission

Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in abscission.


beta-amyrin 30-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADP + H2O.


fear response

The response of an organism to a perceived external threat.


inferior colliculus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin, lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subdivisions: the central nucleus (CIC), a dorsal cortex (DCIC) by which it is surrounded, and an external cortex (ICX) which is located laterally.


RISC complex binding

Binding to a RISC complex.


trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a trans-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population in response to an axonal lesion. The newly generated Schwann cells support subsequent axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.


regulation of pyruvate kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.


beta-amyrin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 11alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


cystoblast division

Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells.


cardiac pacemaker cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to pacemaker cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


arsonoacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides.


quercetin 3-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-L-rhamnose = quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


protein-containing complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


positive regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


positive regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxycathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 6-deoxoteasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a keratinocyte. A keratinocyte is an epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.


detection of redox state

The series of events in which a chemical stimulus indicating redox state is received and converted into a molecular signal. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


interneuron migration

The orderly movement of an interneuron from one site to another.


positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.


3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropionate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.


negative regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that decreases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


angiotensin maturation

The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of angiotensinogen into mature angiotensin in the blood.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


hepatic stellate cell contraction

The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a hepatic stellate cell.


isopentenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenol.


type IIb hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


guanine binding

Binding to guanine.


ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+.


cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


lymph gland crystal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


ATP-dependent protein-DNA complex displacement activity

An activity that displaces proteins or protein complexes from DNA, sometimes in a 'wire stripping' fashion, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


response to interleukin-9

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.


D-glutamyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + D-glutamine = gamma-D-glutamyl-D-glutamate + NH4+. Can also transfer additional glutamyl residues to a peptide, extending the polypeptide chain.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-D-galactose = quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside + UDP(3-) + H+.


cadinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cadinene.


retroviral integrase activity

Catalysis of the covalent insertion of double-stranded retroviral DNA into host DNA. Proceeds by an endonucleolytic cleavage at each 3'-OH extremity of the viral genome, named 3'-processing, followed by a strand transfer reaction leading to the insertion of the processed viral DNA into the target DNA by a trans-esterification mechanism.


nicotine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.


response to defenses of other organism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of another organism.


urea carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + urea = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + urea-1-carboxylate.


cell-to-cell migration by invasive hypha

The directional movement of a hyphal filament from one host cell to another. This process involves the clearance of plant-derived plasmodesmal occlusion materials, cytoskeleton based constriction of invasive hypha to traverse plasmodesmata. Septins and F-actin are reorganized into an hourglass shape at the point of maximum hyphal constriction.


tryptophan 2'-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = 3-indoleglycolaldehyde + CO2 + NH3.


regulation of carbon utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of carbon utilization.


L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-aspartate is the anion derived from aspartic acid.


low-affinity ferric iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Fe2+(out) = Fe2+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-secoisolariciresinol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside + UDP + H+.


photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin = isovitexin-7-olate + H2O.


T-helper 1 type immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.


negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + OH- = (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate.


pronephric proximal tubule development

The progression of the pronephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of molybdenum into an iron-sulfur cluster.


monodictyphenone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monodictyphenone.


dephospho-CoA kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-dephospho-CoA + ATP = ADP + CoA + 2 H+.


N-terminal peptidyl-glycine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetylglycine.


dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.


peptidyl-proline modification

The modification of peptidyl-proline.


regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.


trochlear nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


spermidine:caffeoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a caffeoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate + OH- = 3,5-dichloroaniline + N-carboxyglycine.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


ferricrocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.


2-chloroacrylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-chloropropanoate + NADP = 2-chloroacrylate + NADPH + H+.


tRNA N1-guanine methylation

The process whereby a guanine in tRNA is methylated at position N1 of the guanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate + H2O = gamma-aminovinylacetate + HCOOH.


DN2 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN2 thymocyte. A DN2 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25-.


hindbrain tangential cell migration

The migration of a cell in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration.


dihydropterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydropterin + H2O = 7,8-dihydrolumazine + NH3.


renal system vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the renal system vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


UFM1 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y = Y-UFM1 + X, where both the X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


response to cesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.


positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


cytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H2O = uridine + NH3.


protein localization to motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a motile cilium.