response to phenylpropanoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a phenylpropanoid stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. A phenylpropanoid is any of secondary metabolites with structures based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.


mesonephric mesenchymal cell differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


type III interferon receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with a type III interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


long-chain fatty acid--protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty acid + ATP + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = AMP + diphosphate + S-(long-chain fatty acyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein]. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by follicle-stimulating hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of viral life cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methylcytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+. This modification can occur on seversal residues, including cytidine(34), cytidine(40), cytidine(48), and cytidine(49).


regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose = flavonol 3-O-L-rhamnosylglucoside + UDP.


positive regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


vasoconstriction by vasopressin involved in systemic arterial blood pressure control

The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of vasopressin into the blood stream.


biotin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of biotin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


tRNA 4-thiouridine biosynthesis

The processes whereby a uridine residue in a tRNA is converted to 4-thiouridine. Typically 4-thiouridine is found at position 8, in many transfer RNAs.


cellular response to diethyl maleate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diethyl maleate stimulus.


histone H2B C-terminal K residue ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to a histone 2B at the conserved C-terminal lysine (K) residue. The last K residue is at position 119 in fission yeast, 123 in budding yeast, and 120 in mammals.


methionine S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-methionine.


regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.


negative regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.


mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate = pyruvate + 7-oxoheptanoate.


photoreceptor cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + undecaprenyl phosphate = GDP + D-mannosyl-1-phosphoundecaprenol.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + cyanidin 3-O-beta-(2-O-beta-D-glucuronosyl)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


phenyllactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + NAD+ = 3-phenylpyruvate + H+ + NADH.


regulation of growth rate

Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


muscle cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic

The part of synaptic transmission occurring in the post-synapse: a signal transduction pathway consisting of neurotransmitter receptor activation and its effects on postsynaptic membrane potential and the ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol.


sclerotome development

The progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.


intermicrovillar adhesion

The cell-cell adhesion process by which adjacent microvilli attach to each other through Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links made of protocadherin-24 and mucin-like protocadherin.


1-methyladenosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methyladenosine + H2O = 1-methyladenine + ribofuranose.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


abaxial cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


histone glutaryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + histone = CoA + H+ + N6-glutaryl-histone.


negative regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


cordyol C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cordyol C.


poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid.


site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-N4-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA N4-methylcytosine.


L-amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-amino acids, the L-enantiomers of amino acids.


long-chain fatty-acyl-glutamate deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-long-chain-fatty-acyl-L-glutamate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.


ventral cochlear nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-phenylalanine + ATP = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


response to calcium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


stizolobinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 5-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.


response to dodecane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.


convergent extension

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.


endo-beta-bergamotene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-endo-beta-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP + H+.


positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction.


response to parathyroid hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.


negative regulation of monocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.


ventricular zone cell fate commitment

The commitment of neuroblast to become a basal progenitor cell. Basal progenitor cells are neuronal precursor cells that are committed to becoming neurons.


negative regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


peptidyl-lysine deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a lysine residue of a glycated protein.


6-phospho-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-beta-D-glucoside-(1,4)-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glucose.


phenylacetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylacetate.


circadian regulation of calcium ion oscillation

Any process that modulates the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ion [Ca2+]cyt with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


fear-induced aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


hypoglossal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercaptopyruvate + cyanide = pyruvate + thiocyanate.


thiamine diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


intracellular distribution of mitochondria

Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.


detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


D-mannose 6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 6-phosphate = beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-phosphorus bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-phosphorus bond.


chemosynthesis

The cellular metabolic process in which organic chemical compounds are synthesized from carbon-containing molecules and nutrients using energy obtained from the oxidation of inorganic compounds or methane.


stamen development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stamen over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of Rap protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction.


glycoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: laricitrin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3',4'-dimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


hypoxanthine DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated adenine (hypoxanthine).


c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using c-di-GMP as the signal.


nicotianamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 3 H+ + nicotianamine.


negative adaptation of signaling pathway

The negative regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

The physiological enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


indolebutyric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolebutyric acid, a compound that serves as an active or storage form of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin) in many plants.


metanephric glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular mesangial cell.


formation of haustorium for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a haustorium, a projection from a symbiotic cell or tissue that penetrates the host's tissues for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glycerone kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerone = ADP + glycerone phosphate + 2 H+.


high-affinity nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


curli assembly

The process of assembly of curli, extracellular fibers produced by enteric bacteria. This process occurs outside the cell, where it is coupled to secretion across the cell outer membrane via nucleation by elements of the transporter complex.


purine nucleoside interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine nucleoside is synthesized from another purine nucleoside.


sarcosine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.


trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.


6-hydroxycineole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.


DIM/DIP cell wall layer assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including (phenyl)phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, phthiotriol dimycocerosate and diphthioceranate, to form the DIM/DIP layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall.


chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The creation and reception of signals that guide olfactory bulb interneuron precursors down concentration gradients towards the olfactory bulb.


sorbose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 + H+ = 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + 2 H2O.


cilium disassembly

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium.


C-X3-C chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a C-X3-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X3-C chemokine has three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.


t-SNARE clustering

The clustering process in which t-SNARES are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. t-SNAREs are cell surface proteins which are part of secretory microdomain assemblies.


high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.


histone H3 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl = histone H3 L-citrullyl + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination.


oxytocin production

The appearance of oxytocin, a cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG, due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Oxytocin is the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary, and together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, is believed to influence social cognition and behavior. It also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.


pyruvate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: = ADP + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate => ATP + pyruvate.


detection of external stimulus

The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


high density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of high density lipoprotein particle.


sorocarp stalk cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp stalk cell, any of the cellulose-covered cells that form the stalk of a sorocarp. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a very long-chain fatty acid. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


depurination

The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.


glyceryl-ether monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + O2 + (tetrahydrobiopterin/tetrahydropteridine) = 1-hydroxyalkyl-sn-glycerol + H2O + (dihydrobiopterin/dihydropteridine).


cell migration involved in gastrulation

The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression).


regulation of central tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amidines

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.


perception of static position

The perception of the orientation of different parts of the body with respect to one another.


vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to endosome

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the trans-Golgi to the endosome.


ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of ions from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ion(in) = ADP + phosphate + ion(out), by a rotational mechanism.


fructose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose(out) = fructose(in).


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


glutamate-tRNA(Gln) ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Glx) + L-glutamate + ATP = glutamyl-tRNA(Glx) + diphosphate + AMP.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NADP+ + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH.


vibriobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.


regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.


mast cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dimethoxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: xanthosine(out) + H+(out) = xanthosine(in) + H+(in).


venous endothelial cell migration involved in lymph vessel development

The orderly movement of venous endothelial cells out of the veins giving rise to the precursors of lymphatic endothelial cells.


CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


myoblast fate commitment in head

The process, taking place in the head, whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


cellular response to auxin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.


arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


xylan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.


L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP = H+ + L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADPH.


primary follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine.


aldose sugar dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an aldose + an oxidized electron acceptor = H+ + an aldonate + a reduced electron acceptor.


follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with follicle-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


substance K receptor activity

Combining with substance K, the peptide His-Lys-Thr-Asp-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met, to initiate a change in cell activity.


putrescine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane from matrix

The process in which a protein is incorporated into the mitochondrial inner membrane from the matrix side. This includes membrane insertion of newly synthesized mitochondrially-encoded proteins, and insertion of nuclear-encoded proteins after their import into the mitochondrial matrix.


regulation of vulval development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


UAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAG codon.


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


positive regulation by host of viral transcription

Any process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.


optic chiasma development

The developmental process pertaining to the progression of the optic chiasm from its initial formation to the mature structure. The process begins when the pathfinding of the axons of the developing optic nerve cause some axons to cross at the midline of the brain and ends when the axons are mature.


negative regulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.


perturbation of platelet aggregation in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change that affects platelet aggregation in another organism. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of sterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one + H+ + O2 = N-acetylanthranilate + CO.


compound eye cone cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


S-alkylcysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine + H2O = an alkyl thiol + NH3 + pyruvate.


regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Rohon-Beard neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Rohon-Beard neuron.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.


ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH + H+.


salicylate 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylate + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = gentisate + H2O + NAD(P)+.


specification of pronephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the pronephric nephron acquire their identity.


D-arabinokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + ATP = D-arabinose 5-phosphate + ADP.


peripheral nervous system myelin formation

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


protein histidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein phospho-L-histidine.


muramyl dipeptide binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with muramyl dipeptide; muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


4-aminobenzoate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-aminobenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


protopine 6-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + protopine = 6-hydroxyprotopine + H2O + NADP+.


3-aminopropanal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ammoniopropanal + NAD + H2O = 2 H+ + beta-alanine + NADH.


negative regulation of response to water deprivation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to water deprivation. Response to water deprivation is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


oncogene-induced cell senescence

A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family.


cellular response to interleukin-11

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.


limb spinous cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal spinous cell.


regulation of water channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


asparagine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + ATP + tRNA(Asn) = AMP + Asn-tRNA(Asn) + diphosphate + 2 H+.


base-excision repair, AP site formation via deaminated base removal

A base-excision repair, AP site formation process occurring via excision of a deaminated base.


positive regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


reproductive senescence

A life cycle stage during which the reproductive capacity and fitness of an organism declines.


acetate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).


3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


eye pigment biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


oocyte construction

The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


thymidine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thymidine + phosphate = thymine + 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


Catalyzes the reaction: N-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ = N,N-Dihydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O.


pronuclear fusion

The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome.


cysteate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phosphoserine + SO32- = L-cysteate + HPO4-.


sorocarp spore cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp spore cell, a cell of the sorocarp sorus. A sorocarp is the fruiting body characteristic of certain cellular slime moulds (e.g., Dictyosteliida) and consists of both stalk and a sorus (spore mass).


beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin-TCF complex.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:3-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:3-2-18:3-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


protein autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).


non-ribosomal peptide synthetase activity

Catalysis of a multistep reaction that produce non-ribosomal peptides. The key chain-building reaction, a C-N bond-forming reaction, involves the generation of the characteristic peptide bond by nucleophilic attack of the amino group of an amino-acyl donor unit covalently bound to a downstream peptidyl carrier protein module (amino acyl-S-PCP) on the acyl group of an upstream electrophilic acyl- or peptidyl acyl-S-PCP chain, catalyzed by a condensation (C) domain. Supplementing these core chain-elongation domains are variable numbers of auxiliary domains that are responsible for modification of the growing polypeptide chain by a small set of iterated reactions including epimerization, N-methylation, and heterocyclization.


positive regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


petal vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the petal of vascular plants.


negative regulation of ERK5 cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.


delta-cuprenene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = delta-cuprenene + diphosphoric acid.


cephalosporin C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephalosporin C.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


regulation of cellular response to glucose starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to glucose starvation.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to nitrosative stress; a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline.


L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NAD+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host immunoglobulin-mediated immune response

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of the immunoglobulin-mediated immune response of the host organism. One common mechanism by which this happens is the direct inhibition of immunoglobulin activity, by direct binding or modification. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.


negative regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback

The neurological process in which nerve impulses arising in the aorta or the carotid sinuses travel to the medulla and reach the nucleus of tractus solaris.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pantothenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pantothenate via phosphopantothenate and CoA.


sterigmatocystin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


notochord morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.


mannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.


regulation of maltose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.


prebend segment development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.


neuroblast development

The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.


oocyte fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oocyte.


icosanoid binding

Binding to icosanoids, any C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids or their derivatives, including the leukotrienes and the prostanoids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD = avenastenone + NADH + carbon dioxide.


retinoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine during ribosome biogenesis where the enzyme specifies the site that becomes pseudouridylated without using a guide RNA.


behavioral response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water.


stearic acid binding

Binding to stearic acid, the 18-carbon saturated fatty acid octadecanoic acid.


exon-exon junction complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an exon-exon junction complex.


T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule tip cell. A Malpighian tubule tip cell is a mitogenic signaling cell that controls the proliferation of its neighboring cells.


limonene 8-hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: limonene + H2O = alpha-terpineol.


ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.


acetoacetate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H+.


response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide stimulus.


purine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


RNA NAD-cap (NAD-forming) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end NAD+-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H+ + NAD+.


negative regulation of pectin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.


protein-heme linkage

The covalent linkage of heme and a protein.


decylhomocitrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H2O + lauroyl-CoA = (3S,4S)-3-hydroxytetradecane-1,3,4-tricarboxylate + CoA + H+.


hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+ = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), activation of PDK1, which recruits and ending with the activation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). PI3K is activated by cell surface receptors. Note that PTEN is an inhibitor of the pathway.


regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of lung blood pressure

The process that decreases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.


response to menaquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.


regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


light-driven active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

Active transport of an ion across a membrane, driven by light.


cytotoxic T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.


negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


neural rod formation

The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


photoreceptor cell maintenance

Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.


photosystem I assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem I complex on the thylakoid membrane.


positive regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.


cytolysis by symbiont of host cells

The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


establishment of dense core granule localization

The directed movement of a dense core granule to a specific location.


motor neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


mediator complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


3',2'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(2'-5') (cyclic 3',2' GAMP).


compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium.


netrin receptor activity involved in chemorepulsion

Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell away from a higher concentration of netrin.


long-chain-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 long-chain alcohol + O2 = 2 long-chain aldehyde + 2 H2O.


Schwann cell migration

The orderly movement of a Schwann cell from one site to another. A Schwann cell is a glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and is necessary for their maintainance and function.


reorganization of cellular membranes to establish viral sites of replication

A process in intracellular membranes are reorganized by viral proteins that perturb membrane integrity and can cause an extensive rearrangement of cellular membranes, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus.


acylpyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate.


retinal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell.


AGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGC codon.


7-dehydrocholesterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADP+ = 7-dehydrocholesterol + H+ + NADPH.


postsynapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse.


CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


response to ultrasound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultrasonic stimulus.


cellular response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


exo-oligoalginate lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of glycosidic bonds through a beta-elimination reaction on alginate, a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) as the monomer constituents. An oligoalginate is a linear polymer of two, three or four units of (1->4)-alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid, releasing monosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.


glycine catabolic process to creatine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine into other compounds, including creatine.


formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA

Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.


chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = (R,R)-chrysanthemyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


IAA-Ala conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-alanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-alanine.


1,6-alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in glycopeptides such as immunoglobulin G glycopeptide and fucosyl-asialo-agalacto-fetuin.


positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


propionate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + propanoate = acetate + propanoyl-CoA.


protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine

The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.


ether catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ether.


vesicle scission

The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a vesicle, leading to separation from its parent membrane. Vesicle scission involves the constriction of a neck-forming protein complex, consisting e.g. of dynamin, around the budded membrane, leading to vesicle closure during its separation from the parent membrane.


nonadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nonadec-1-ene.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-1-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.


positive regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.


cellular response to interleukin-15

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.


creatinine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.


molybdenum incorporation via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = cis,cis-2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+.


rubredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.


cell-cell signaling involved in metanephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


host response to induction by symbiont of tumor, nodule or growth in host

Any process that results in a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in the host organism, induced by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


neural fold elevation formation

The process in which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm.


regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis

Any process that modulates the process in which a cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.


positive regulation of regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.


positive regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


pseurotin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pseurotin A.


negative regulation of small intestinal transit

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any small intestinal transit process, the migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-rhamnose + NADPH = UDP-rhamnose + NADP+.


Catalysis of the transfer of sialyl residues alpha-2,3-linked to a beta galactosyl residue on the donor to form an alpha-2,3 linkage to a terminal beta galactosyl residue on the acceptor.


negative regulation of acrosome reaction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acrosome reaction.


oligoribonucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligoribonucleotides to yield ribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.


regulation of memory T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.


geraniol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geraniol.


DNA methylation on cytosine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.


dethiobiotin binding

Binding to dethiobiotin.


neural crest cell differentiation involved in parathyroid gland development

Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in parathyroid gland development.


inositol hexakisphosphate binding

Binding to inositol hexakisphosphate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alanine(out) + Na+(out) = alanine(in) + Na+(in).


envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


o-pyrocatechuate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = catechol + CO2.


regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.


haltere disc development

Progression of the haltere imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


glial cell projection elongation involved in axon ensheathment

The extension of a glial cell process or projection to wrap around an axon.


detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


negative regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.


mitochondrion DNA recombination

Any DNA recombination that takes place in mitochondrion.


positive regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


(S)-scoulerine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-scoulerine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6aR,11aR)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + H2O + NADP+. (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan is also known as (-)-glycinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + testosterone = 16beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


COPII receptor activity

Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a COPII transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.


hypochlorite binding

Binding to hypochlorite.


poly(U) RNA binding

Binding to a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule.


response to ziprasidone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ziprasidone stimulus. Ziprasidone is a piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.


positive regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.


high-affinity IgG receptor activity

Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


peptidyl-arginine methylation

The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N-benzyladenine = H+ + benzyladenine-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.


lateral line nerve glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = salicylate + NADH + H+.


tyramine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyramine.


peptide pheromone maturation

The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


cardiolipin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


negative regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


deoxyribose phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


pyocyanin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + 2 H+ = pyocyanin + NAD + carbon dioxide + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine + H2O + H+ = benzyl alcohol + CO2 + glycine.


farnesyltranstransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


23S rRNA (adenosine(1067)-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine(1067) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2'-O-methyladenosine(1067) in 23S rRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


embryonic forelimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.


advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Combining with advanced glycation end-products and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form from a series of chemical reactions after an initial glycation event (a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and free amino groups of proteins).


iodide peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iodide + H2O2 = iodine + 2 H2O.


tRNA dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + tRNA = diphosphate + tRNA containing 6-dimethylallyladenosine.


interleukin-21 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-21 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose).


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate.


indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NAD+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H+ + NADH.


regulation of execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.


regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


luteinizing hormone signaling pathway involved in ovarian follicle development

The series of molecular signals initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to a receptor, where the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that contribute to progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


fosfomycin 2-glutathione ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + glutathione = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-glutathio-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.


regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an a sugar or polyol through an ester bond.


alpha-pinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature. It is a major component in tea-tree oils, and gives off a piney smelling odor.


dimethylallylcistransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + neryl diphosphate.


activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response

Any process activating plasma proteins by proteolysis as part of an acute inflammatory response.


skeletal muscle satellite cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


guanidinoacetate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoacetate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphoguanidinoacetate.


calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


cellular response to prostaglandin I stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.


dolichol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation

A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum.


peptidyl-lysine palmitoylation

The palmitoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-palmitoyl-L-lysine.


dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.


all-trans-neoxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving all-trans-neoxanthin.


cellular response to chondroitin 4'-sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 4'-sulfate stimulus.


behavioral response to ethanol

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


pro-T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming a pro-T cell.


hypothalamus cell differentiation

The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.


regulation of glucomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.


AV node cell-bundle of His cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of an AV node cell to an bundle of His cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


5-fluorocytosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + flucytosine + H2O = 5-fluorouracil + ammonium.


protein localization to P-body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a P-body.


localization of cell

Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.


epistomal sclerite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epistomal sclerite are generated and organized.


positive regulation of renal amino acid absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.


actin filament bundle convergence

A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the compaction of actin filaments.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.


dCDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.


post-embryonic camera-type eye development

The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


purine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


CoA-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 CoA + NADP+ = CoA-disulfide + NADPH + H+.


rhombomere 6 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


vasopressin receptor activity

Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


cellular response to isoquinoline alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.


regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of protein folding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.


blastocyst formation

The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.


negative regulation of osteoclast development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.


galactitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a galactitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathway

The process in which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.


cellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


structural constituent of myelin sheath

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the myelin sheath of a nerve.


negative regulation of response to alcohol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.


uracilylalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + uracil = 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.


positive regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


cellular detoxification of cadmium ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium cations in a cell. These include transport of cadmium cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is oxygen.


GABA-A receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.


gerfelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gerfelin.


cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP-glucose = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + H+.


D-allose-importing ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-allose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-allose(in).


establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization to postsynapse

The directed movement of endoplasmic reticulum into a postsynaptic compartment such as a dendritic spine.


ecgonine methyl ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonine methyl ester.


'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid ligand.


peptide amidation

The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.


biofilm matrix assembly

A process that results in the assembly of a biofilm matrix.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


cADPR-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


regulation of defense response to virus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism.


The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


methylarsonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + H+ + methylarsonate = glutathione disulfide + H2O + methylarsonous acid.


multi-species biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


cellular response to raffinose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a raffinose stimulus.


cellular response to L-ascorbic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.


plastid translation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a plastid. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the plastid has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.


thiamine binding

Binding to thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


endothelial cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


tyrosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


hard palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.


peptide hormone processing

The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.


dextrin alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dextrin + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.


interleukin-27 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


maternal process involved in parturition

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.


2-octaprenylphenol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenylphenol + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + NADP+ + H2O.


brevianamide F biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brevianamide F. Brevianamide F is the biosynthetic precursor of a large family of biologically active prenylated tryptophan-proline 2,5-diketopiperazines that are produced by some fungi.


cell wall macromolecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


pyruvate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


response to manganese ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


tRNA 4-demethylwyosine alpha-amino-alpha-carboxypropyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4-demethylwyosine37 in tRNAPhe = 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+ + 7-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-4-demethylwyosine37 in tRNAPhe.


regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.


response to DDT

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals.


hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells.


negative regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


protein localization to spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the spindle pole body.


positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.


cytosolic ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional cytosolic ribosome. Distinct stages of this process take place first in the nucleolus, then in the nucleus and finally in the cytosol.


regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


D-lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


stem cell factor receptor activity

Combining with stem cell factor (SCF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. Stem cell factor is a cytokine that stimulates mast cell growth and differentiation.


negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 = 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon.


cellular response to boron-containing substance levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of boron-containing substances.


compound eye development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway (NLR) pathway.


regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocannabinoid signaling pathway.


lung smooth muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


axonemal basal plate assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal basal plate.


glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoarabinoxylan.


otolith tethering

The attachment of a developing otolith to the kinocilia of tether cells in the inner ear.


regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium.


oncostatin-M-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by oncostatin-M (OSM) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. OSM can signal via at least two different receptors (a specific receptor and a LIF receptor) to activate different downstream signal transduction pathways.


anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + H+ + an anthocyanidin 3-O-sophoroside.


ethanolamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine + H2O + O2 = glycolaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2.


regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.


Spemann organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak

Formation of the specialized region at the anterior end of the primitive streak of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the body plan.


4-nitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene.


response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


histone H2AQ104 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-glutamine (position 104) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N5-methyl-glutamine (position 104). Note that this corresponds to Q105 in yeast.


6-methylsalicylic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA + NADPH = 6-methylsalicylate + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA + H2O + NADP+.


oogonium development

The process that leads to the development of an oogonium, a female gametangium of Oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


response to 4'-epidoxorubicin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-glucosyl-(1,3)-mannosyl unit from Glc-Man(9)-(GlcNAc)(2) oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.


phytosteroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.


cohesin loader activity

Facilitating a conformational change to load a cohesin complex around sister chromatids.


bicoid mRNA localization

Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


endoplasmic reticulum-organelle membrane tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two membranes, either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a membrane protein, to establish or maintain membrane contact sites and mediate organelle exchange and communication.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + benzoyl-CoA = N-benzoylanthranilate + CoA.


cranial skeletal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial skeletal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial skeletal system is the skeletal subdivision of the head, and includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.


regulation of establishment of cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity.


positive regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.


emindole-SB NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14,15-epoxidizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: emindole-SB + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 14,15-epoxyemindole-SB + NADP + H2O.


fibronectin fibril organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fibronectin fibril.


tricaffeoyl spermidine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a tricaffeoyl spermidine molecule.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.


cytochrome P450 dependent beta-amyrin 16beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NADPH = 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


SA node cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell.


nitrate assimilation

The nitrogen metabolic process that encompasses the uptake of nitrate from the environment and reduction to ammonia, and results in the incorporation of nitrogen derived from nitrate into cellular substances.


ACG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACG codon.


serine-based site-specific recombinase activity

Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphoseryl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a serine in the active site.


maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded

Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of pentasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


seed trichome maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a seed trichome to attain its fully functional state.


cellular response to cGMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


positive regulation of neural crest formation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


establishment of cell polarity involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

The cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization that results in the directional division of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte.


succinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle.


positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.


establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere

The directed movement of a protein-containing macromolecular complex to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


pre-tubular aggregate formation

The cell adhesion process in which mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


proximal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: pantothenate(out) + Na+(out) = pantothenate(in) + Na+(in).