peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


response to alcohol

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


pigment cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.


sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.


epoxygenase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.


glycogen debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of branch points in branched glycogen polymers.


antifungal peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from the conserved C-terminal lysine residue of a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


root epithelial mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the presynaptic membrane potential.


protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex of the cell tip.


smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary.


L-kynurenine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-kynurenine from one side of a membrane to the other.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription

A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary RNA polymerase II transcript.


pentose catabolic process to propan-2-ol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to propan-2-ol.


hexitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaflet are generated and organized.


dITP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dITP (deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate). dITP is a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


K63-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys63 residue of ubiquitin.


cellular response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


alkylmercury lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alkylmercury + H+ = an alkane + Hg2+.


fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that results in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


pigment granule dispersal

The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.


regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ligand-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.


positive regulation of oocyte development

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp).


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerophosphate(n) + CDP-glycerol = glycerophosphate(n+1) + CMP.


alpha-farnesene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.


imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


cellular response to oleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


RNA polymerase I assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I complex.


cell wall modification involved in abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.


negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


DN4 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN4 thymocyte. A DN4 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44-,CD25-.


aminomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.


positive regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal trnasition.


positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


nodal signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


morphogenesis of follicular epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized.


regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


methionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


positive regulation of telium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


aldose 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.


serine O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the serine molecule.


regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


double-stranded DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a double-stranded DNA molecule by creating internal breaks.


stomatal complex formation

The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


pancreatic bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud.


maintenance of lens transparency

A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.


UUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUC codon.


otic vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


tetracycline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-iditol + NAD+ = D-sorbose + NADH.


response to lipoteichoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by light sensitive cells in the integument.


regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


hedgehog receptor activity

Combining with a member of the hedgehog protein family and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


L-iduronidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-L-iduronosidic linkages in dermatan sulfate.


dormancy entry of symbiont in host

Entry into a dormant state of the symbiont within the host organism.


ABC-type thiosulfate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiosulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiosulfate(in).


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate = 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + H+ + 2 e- + CO2.


UDP-D-glucose:cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside = shisonin + UDP + H+.


scab formation

Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


protein localization to postsynaptic membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a postsynaptic membrane.


vestibular nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of penile erection

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


spermidine:feruloyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a feruloyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


siderophore metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


positive regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


purine alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


peptidyl-lysine N6-acetylation

The acetylation of the peptidyl-lysine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along the plane of an excitable membrane. Action potentials typically propagate once triggered because the depolarization of adjacent membrane regions due to an action potential crosses the firing threshold.


dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.


cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


Leydig cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


directional guidance of interneurons involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that control the direction of migration of interneurons as a component of the process of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


peptidyl-lysine carboxylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.


phosphoarginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates.


cellular response to tellurium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which a cell of the mammary placode becomes a cell of the mammary gland bud.


inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


positive regulation of flocculation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation.


galactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactosamine is an aminodeoxysugar; D-galactosamine is a constituent of some glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, commonly as its N-acetyl derivative.


positive regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


negative regulation of leaf development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + ferulate + H+.


lateral root branching

Any process involved in the formation of branches in lateral roots.


renal water retention

The process in which renal water excretion is decreased.


pronephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron.


regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.


nopaline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.


thioglucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thioglucoside + H2O = a thiol + a sugar.


response to topoisomerase inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.


chlorate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + chlorate = A + chlorite + H2O + H+.


coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coumarin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = hydroxycoumarin + H2O + NADP+.


G protein-coupled folate receptor activity

Combining with folate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of the embryonic placenta.


indolalkylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.


3-methylquinoline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.


cellular response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized.


response to diphenidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + peptidyl-L-lysine = phosphate + peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


regulation of ossification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


endocardial cushion cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of endocardial cushion cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


cellular response to trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.


pigment catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


sinus venosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


pole cell formation

Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.


maintenance of protein localization at growing cell tip

Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the growing cell tip.


linear malto-oligosaccharide phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogenphosphate + a linear malto-oligosaccharide = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + a linear malto-oligosaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


root cap mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


homoserine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + NADP+ = L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde + NADPH + H+.


inflammatory response to wounding

The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


URM1 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S = X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


thymocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


intracellular cyclic nucleotide-activated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


pentaerythritol trinitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = NADP+ + nitrate + pentaerythritol dinitrate.


ribonuclease U2 activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Ap or Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


cell wall disassembly involved in floral organ abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.


guanosine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).


Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-L-lysine = L-lysine + 5-oxo-L-proline.


cyclodextrin binding

Binding to cyclodextrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-.


regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyethylbenzene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate.


regulation of cell wall macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell wall macromolecule metabolism. Cell wall macromolecule metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


maintenance of granzyme B location in T cell secretory granule

A process in which the protease granyme B is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + 2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine = UDP + 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine.


Catalysis of the reaction 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate = pyruvate + (S)-lactaldehyde.


sympathetic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a sympathetic neuron axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


tensidol A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol A.


histamine receptor activity

Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.


extensin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.


rebaudioside B glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: rebaudioside B + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rebaudioside A + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


cellular response to cytochalasin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.


hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


mechanoreceptor differentiation involved in mechanosensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


RAM/MOR signaling

An intracellular signaling cascade that starts with the activation of S. cerevisiae Kic1p, which activate Mob2p and Cbk1p. Cbk1p phosphorylates Ace2p, which results in its nuclear translocation, where it regulates transcription of genes involved in polarity and morphogenesis.


regulation of superoxide dismutase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.


tonic smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within tonic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the tonic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Tonic smooth muscle contraction occurs as a sustained continuous contraction.


positive regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.


protein-serine epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (protein)-L-serine = (protein)-D-serine.


intracellular histidine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of histidine within a cell.


Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to the mannose(beta-1,4)Glc disaccharide core of glycolipids.


maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione = 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-glutaryl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = 2''-O-glutaryl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


androgen receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n).


uracil binding

Binding to uracil.


cellular response to hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


stomatal movement

The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).


positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.


neuromuscular process

Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism.


cytosine binding

Binding to cytosine.


aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + carbamoyl phosphate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+ + phosphate.


negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


fatty acyl-[ACP] hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-[ACP] + H2O = a fatty acid + H(+) + holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


plus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


all-trans retinal 3,4-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


positive regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


glutathione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate.


positive regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


The methylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-tyrosine.


positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


dUTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.


negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


retinal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH. Acts on both 11-trans and 13-cis forms of retinal.


DNA recombinase disassembly

The disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent strand exchange proteins (recombinases).


nitric oxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


endocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


negative regulation of organ growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


visceral serous pericardium development

The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium.


mesonephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


actin nucleation

The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.


chloroplast disassembly

The disaggregation of a chloroplast into its constituent components.


cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


benzodiazepine receptor activity

Combining with benzodiazepines, a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and myorelaxant properties, to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = malate + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucarolactone + sinapoyl-CoA = O-sinapoylglucarolactone + CoA.


N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine

The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,3'-disulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + CDP-ethanolamine = L-serine-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H+.


thromboxane A2 receptor activity

Combining with thromboxane A2 (TXA(2)) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = 2-(E)-O-feruloyl-D-galactarate + CoA.


xylem vessel member cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened.


protein polyglycylation

The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid.


perianth development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the perianth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The perianth is a collective phyllome structure composed of two or more petals, sepals, or tepals.


phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. However, unlike other class II enzymes, The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a phenylalanine-accepting tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


prechordal plate formation

The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells.


sulfur oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur.


group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 6C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP + H+.


regulation of phospholipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


delta24-sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 5-alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3-beta-ol.


tRNA thio-modification

The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + O2 + H2O = HCl + 2 H+ + 2-chloromaleylacetate.


ABC-type sterol transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sterol(in) = ADP + phosphate + sterol(out).


reductive pentose-phosphate cycle

The fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as glucose in the chloroplasts of C3 plants; uses ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions of photosynthesis; carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (catalyzed by the function of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate; these are then phosphorylated by ATP to 1,3-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde which, in turn, is then reduced by NADPH to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to fructose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate by aldolase and other enzymes; the ribulose 5-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron located in the hypothalamus. These neurons release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone as a neural transmitter.


plant ovule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid.


gametophyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


negative regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


undecan-2-one metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving undecan-2-one.


positive regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation that is involved in phenotypic switching.


chlorophyllide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllides, any chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


betaine aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine aldehyde.


phenotypic switching

A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + UDP-D-glucose = 5'-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine + H+ + UDP.


positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate.


aspartate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = oxaloacetate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fluconazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.


tail spike morphogenesis

The process in which the nematode tail spike is generated and organized. An example of this process is seen in C. elegans, where the tapered tail spike is formed during embryogenesis by a filamentous process that passes posteriorly through hyp10, the tail ventral hypodermis; the filamentous process is formed by a binucleate cell, the tail-spike cell, that subsequently undergoes programmed cell death.


vitamin D3 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.


nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


regulation of austinol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.


nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other.


male pronucleus assembly

The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division.


germacrene A acid 8beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 8beta-hydroxy-germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADP + H2O.


positive regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


lateral mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-threo-aldose + NAD+ = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + NADH.


positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.


regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


succinyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of succinyl-CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.


cerebellar granule cell precursor tangential migration

The early migration of granule cell precursors in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately cover the superficial zone of the cerebellar primordium.


femoral head articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of femoral head articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-glucose + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->6) linkage.


transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding

Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein.


response to boron-containing substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.


tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(n+1) + phosphate = tRNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.


maternal behavior

Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.


visceral motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


pyridoxine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


mitochondrial transcription factor activity

Interacting with the mitochondrial promoter DNA to modulate transcription by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


phosphatidylserine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


crotonyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Acetyl-CoA + [protein]-L-lysine = CoA + [protein]-N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


arachidonic acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylpropionitrile + O2 + NADPH = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile + NADP + H2O.


histone H3T3 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 3) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 3) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 3 of histone H3.


regulation of plasma membrane sterol distribution

Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of sterols in the plasma membrane.


DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication

Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA.


3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + HBr.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formiminopyruvate + formate.


pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


central nervous system interneuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells from a neuron located in the central nervous system whose axons remain within a single brain region.


monoatomic anion:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic anion(out) + Na+(out) = monoatomic anion(in) + Na+(in).


negative regulation of cellular extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.


Golgi vesicle budding

The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development

A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will mature into a cardiac fibroblast.


all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


negative regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.


intracellular phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate-sensitive monatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of cations by a channel that opens when phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.


DNA-templated transcriptional start site selection

Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


8-oxo-GDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-GDP + H2O = 8-oxo-GMP + phosphate.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of cardiac conduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chlorobenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + chloride + NAD+ + CO2.


DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly

The formation of nucleosomes on newly synthesized DNA, coupled to strand elongation.


floral whorl formation

The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


proteinogenic amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that is incorporated into protein naturally by ribosomal translation of mRNA, and that has a specific codon for translation from mRNA to protein.


The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized.


type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by interferon-gamma binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.


inositol trisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving myo-inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.


regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


protein localization to cortical endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cortical endoplasmic reticulum.


glycine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NH3 + NADH.


positive regulation of metula development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


ITPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IDP + H+ + phosphate.


renal phosphate ion absorption

A renal system process in which phosphate ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-alanyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Ala).


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.


galactomannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


mesenchymal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.


cysteine-type aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


histone deubiquitinase activity

A deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone protein to which it is conjugated.


emericellin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellin.


atrichoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.


The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes. The process often starts with binding of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on the surface of erythrocytes to a complement coated immune complex. The complex bound to erythrocyte CR1 is then transported to the liver or spleen where it is presented to phagocytes. The process ends when the complex is removed from CR1, allowing the erythrocyte to return to general circulation.


3-chlorobenzoate-3,4-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-3,4-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


high-affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


anther wall tapetum cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


methanophenazine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanophenazine.


glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate

The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via canonical glycolysis, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


archaeal or bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to movement of bacterial- or archaeal-type flagella.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + queuosine34 in tRNA(Asp) = GDP + H+ + O-4''-alpha-D-mannosylqueuosine34 in tRNA(Asp).


hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


homophytochelatin synthase activity (polymer-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine = glycine + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine.


ABC-type bile acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate.


cellular response to nitrogen dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.


leaf formation

The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH4 + oxaloacetate.


histone kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone.


chlorite O2-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chloride + O2 = chlorite.


formylaspartate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-aspartate + H2O = formate + L-aspartate.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


positive regulation of actin filament-based movement

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.


response to sorbitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.


regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


cellular response to leucine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


cell communication involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-tyrosyl-[protein].


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


leucine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + ATP + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + Leu-tRNA(Leu).


RNA capping

The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of nascent RNA polymerase transcripts. Examples of RNA capping include 7-methyl-G caps found on all RNA polymerase II transcripts and nucleotide-containing cofactor caps, such as NAD(H) or FAD, found on bacterial trancripts.


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


PML body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).


cellular modified histidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


Golgi disassembly

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a Golgi apparatus that contributes to Golgi inheritance.


oogonium stage

The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.


peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + light.


negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


negative regulation of complement activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


UFM1 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y = Y-UFM1 + X, where both X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 are covalent linkages.


benzonitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin.


beta-zeacarotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-zeacarotene.


P-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(out).


phenylethylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid = 5-oxoproline + L-amino acid.


positive regulation of sterol import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.


regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


anterior midgut invagination

Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo.


response to Gram-positive bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-positive bacterium.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA.


origin recognition complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an origin recognition complex.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


endothelial cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell.


pronephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric nephron are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


tRNA adenosine deamination to inosine

The removal of an amine group from an adenosine to produce inosine within a tRNA molecule.


thiamine pyrophosphate binding

Binding to thiamine pyrophosphate, the diphosphoric ester of thiamine. Acts as a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases.


regulation of leaf development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl (3-carboxypropanoyl) group to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


negative regulation of heart contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.


tyramine N-feruloyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine.


succinyl-CoA pathway

The chemical reactions that utilize succinyl-CoA in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX.


negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with thyrotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ground meristem histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.


coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


lagging strand initiation

The process in which the synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction is started.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-aspartate = L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate.


xylem development

The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.


sphingosine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of sphingolipid long chain bases.


purine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a purine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


regulation of aorta morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + D-glutamate.


organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


lysophosphatidic acid receptor activity

Combining with the phospholipid derivative lysophosphatidic acid, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


amidinoaspartase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-amidino-L-aspartate + H2O = L-aspartate + urea.


gamma-delta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.


cardiac conduction

Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles.


pheromone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


glyoxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD(P)+ = glyoxylate + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone

Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


thiosulfate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 ferricytochrome c = tetrathionate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


cellular response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.


transmitter-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


glutathione-dependent sulfide quinone oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + glutathione + H(+) + hydrogen sulfide = a quinol + S-sulfanylglutathione.


negative regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


ventral cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms.


Catalysis of the reaction: dichloroacetate + H2O = 2 HCl + glyoxylate.


complement component C1q receptor activity

Combining with the C1q complex, a component of the classical complement cascade, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


coronary sinus valve development

The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nematode pharyngeal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


response to nerve growth factor

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


central nervous system structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, internal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of internal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has an internal C=S bond, instead of an internal C=O bond, in the peptide.


establishment of left sidedness

The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism that established the pattern characteristic to its left side.


insect visual primordium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


atrial septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound.


positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


prenylated protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.


efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and oxygen acts as an electron acceptor.


histone H4S1 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H4-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H4.


9,10-epoxystearate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 9,10-epoxystearate + O2 + NADPH = 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + H2O + NADP.


behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus.


morphine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucuronide(out) + monovalent cation(out) = glucuronide(in) + monovalent cation(in).


farnesol 2-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesol.


antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = (2E)-butenoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.


embryonic root morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized.


trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) crossing the synaptic cleft.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-sulfopropanediol(1-) + NAD = 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-propane-1-sulfonate + NADH + H+.


phagosome acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


maintenance of RNA location

Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


telomeric DNA-containing double minutes formation

A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of small fragments of circular extrachromosomal DNA elements which contain telomeric DNA. It is speculated that telomeric DNA-containing double minutes are formed through a recombination event between the telomere and chromosome-internal TTAGGG-like sequences. Telomeric DNA-containing double minutes appear as two closely positioned dots in metaphase.


novofumigatonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety.


positive regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.


serine family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


steroid delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid.


galactose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose (out) = galactose(in).


acetyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.


signaling receptor ligand precursor processing

The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a signaling receptor ligand, resulting in the mature (active) form of the ligand.


isochorismate pyruvate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isochorismate = salicylate + pyruvate.


ovarian fusome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the epithelial cells to the mesenchymal cells of the salivary gland.


proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.


regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


Ac-Asp-Glu binding

Binding to Ac-Asp-Glu.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm.


chemorepulsion of serotonergic neuron axon

The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


swimming

Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through water, often by means of active fin movement.


trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid.


locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.


metanephric renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the metanephros.


ventral tegmental area development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventral tegmental area (VTA) over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


fructose binding

Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-hex-2-ulose.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events.


lactoferrin receptor activity

Combining with lactoferrin and delivering lactoferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which binds ferric iron most efficiently at low pH.


negative regulation of sterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.


root epidermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.


positive regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.


azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid + acetyl-CoA = CoA-SH + N-acetyl azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of trichome morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome morphogenesis.


negative regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a compound eye cone cell.


ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-isokaurene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-2alpha-hydroxyisokaurene + H2O + NADP+.