medulla oblongata development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


response to isooctane

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Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.


compound eye cone cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye.


hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity

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Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group to an acceptor molecule.


glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-glutamine = D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + 2 H+.


aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = an acid + NADPH + H+.


regulation of dermatome development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-L-serine-[glycoprotein] = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [protein]-L-serine.


archaeosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine15 in tRNA + H2O = L-glutamate + archaeine15 in tRNA.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.


cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.


short-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a short-chain fatty acid. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing fewer than 6 carbons.


5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5'-adenylyl sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.


polycistronic mRNA processing

The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + curcumin = curcumin monoglucoside + UDP + H+.


atrial septum development

The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


positive regulation of receptor localization to synapse

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.


regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction

A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


ribosomal small subunit assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.


regulation of excretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


embryonic digit morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe.


AMP binding

Binding to AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


forebrain astrocyte fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain.


positive regulation of toxin transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


macrophage activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


positive regulation of cumulus cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.


ventricular septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.


regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.


cellular heat acclimation

Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures.


pupation

The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.


symbiont defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts either the host signal transduction pathways leading to the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the host innate immune response.


glyoxylate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


GCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCG codon.


ferroptosis

A programmed cell death characterized morphologically by the presence of smaller than normal mitochondria with condensed mitochondrial membrane densities, reduction or vanishing of mitochondria crista, and outer mitochondrial membrane rupture. Activation of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels and mitogen-activated protein kinases, upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter are involved in the induction of ferroptosis. This process is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from iron metabolism. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), heat shock protein beta-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 function as negative regulators of ferroptosis by limiting ROS production and reducing cellular iron uptake, respectively. In contrast, NADPH oxidase and p53 act as positive regulators of ferroptosis by promotion of ROS production and inhibition of expression of SLC7A11 (a specific light-chain subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter), respectively. Misregulated ferroptosis has been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.


ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaurenoate.


regulation of Malpighian tubule size

Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter.


positive regulation of ovulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


response to docetaxel trihydrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a docetaxel trihydrate stimulus.


negative regulation of monocyte activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N(6)-dimethylallyladenine = H+ + 7-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-N(6)-isopentenyladenine + UDP.


translocation of molecules into symbiont

The directed movement of molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acylglycerol = CoA + diacylglycerol.


phosphatidylcholine floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylcholine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


Z-phenylacetaldoxime catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.


metanephric podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


Group I intron splicing

The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize).


globoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ceramide with a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I).


ATPase-coupled urea transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + urea(out) = ADP + phosphate + urea(in).


FAT10 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier FAT10, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


ribonuclease R activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction, leaving an undigested core of 3-5 nucleotides.


4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


leaf proximal/distal pattern formation

The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


alliin lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide = an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate.


acyl-lipid omega-(9-4) desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + O2 = a (5Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid) and add a fourth double bond (a (5Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-containing glycerolipid).


oomycete sporangium development

The process that leads to the development of an oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiates, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which are laterally flagellated.


biofilm matrix disassembly

A process that results in the disassembly of a biofilm matrix.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the very-low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O = CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate.


response to herbivore

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a herbivore.


poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + aminoglycoside = ADP + phosphoaminoglycoside.


histidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


seedling development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seedling over time, beginning with seed germination and ending when the first adult leaves emerge.


glomerular parietal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear

The transmission of vibrations via ossicles to the inner ear.


perturbation by virus of host apoptosis

A process in which a viral gene product affects host apoptosis, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + L-glutamate.


tripeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, from one side of a membrane to the other.


alpha-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids.


granulosa cell fate commitment

The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become granulosa cells.


glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + electron acceptor = glutathione disulfide + electron donor.


NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-10 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.


heart valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.


positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


Meynert cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Meynert cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose = UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose.


inferior olivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


dUDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.


sweet taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble sweet compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


negative regulation of eclosion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


tRNA-dihydrouridine20 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20 in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil20 in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation

The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.


regulation of hair follicle placode formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


intracellular phosphate ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of phosphate ions within a cell.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process

Any negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.


GTP:coenzyme F420 guanyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-G + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine34 in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This enzyme specifically adds the terminal methyl group of 5-[(methylamino)methyl]-2-thiouridylate.


styrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + styrene cis-glycol.


SUMO ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO to a substrate protein via the reaction X-SUMO + S = X + S-SUMO, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-SUMO linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-SUMO linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


muscle organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized.


negative regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + O2 = 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H+.


putrescine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + NH3 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + L-glutamate(1-) + ATP = H+ + N-vanillate-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the SMAD protein signaling pathway.


flight involved in flight behavior

Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight.


negative regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


Catalysis of the reaction: amino acyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-amino acyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


nitrobenzoate nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: o-nitrobenzoate + NADPH + H+ = o-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NADP+.


transport of virus in host, tissue to tissue

The transport of a virus between tissues in a multicellular organism.


regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.


photoreceptor cell outer segment organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials.


alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2) linkage.


phenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.


zinc efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


ribonuclease IX activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) or poly(C) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation. Metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism involving heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


interleukin-27 production

The appearance of interleukin-27 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


choline binding

Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.


negative regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


response to glucagon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


negative regulation of response to gamma radiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.


positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


protein phosphopantetheinylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by phosphopantetheinylation.


regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


(3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


peptidyl-histidine uridylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine

The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).


disaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of disaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-tyrosine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-tyrosine.


haloacetate dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: haloacetate + H2O = glycolate + halide.


epicardial cell to mesenchymal cell transition

A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. The epicardium is a part of the pericardium.


regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


structural constituent of adult chitin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of an adult organism. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


blood vessel endothelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.


glycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.


diterpene phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpene phytoalexins, a class of diterpene formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process; they are sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics. Diterpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 20 carbon atoms and 4 branched methyl groups and are made up of isoprenoid units.


nose development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


response to bleomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.


protein-dermatan sulfate linkage via dermatan 4-sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

Dermatan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


heme O biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.


erythrocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


plasma membrane raft assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft.


triglyceride transfer activity

Directly binding to a triglyceride and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


negative regulation of gliogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + D-alanyl-D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


maturation of 2S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule.


regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.


osteoclast maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an osteoclast cell to attain its fully functional state. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, and which typically differentiates from monocytes.


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-sulfur bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-sulfur bond, C-S.


energy transducer activity

The biological transducer activity that accepts energy and converts it to another form, often by transfer to another molecule within the cell.


positive regulation of nutrient release by symbiont

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sequestering of zinc ion

The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. Neuromast hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


thiamine diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine diphosphate + H2O = thiamine monophosphate + phosphate.


embryonic anal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


cyanidin 7-O-glucoside acyltransferase(acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-(6-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + beta-D-glucose.


penetration of zona pellucida

The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


shikimate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + shikimate = 3-phosphoshikimate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.


peroxidase-heme linkage

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase.


maintenance of unfolded protein involved in ERAD pathway

Maintaining an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein in an unfolded, soluble state that contributes to its degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Maintaining ER-resident proteins in an unfolded yet soluble state condition after their retro-translocation favors their turnover by the cytosolic proteasome.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: creatine(out) + Na+(out) = creatine(in) + Na+(in).


bixin methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bixin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = bixin dimethyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


smooth muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in smooth muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


granulocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a granulocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


sphingolipid transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of sphingolipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


cell-abiotic substrate adhesion

The attachment of a cell to an underlying abiotic (non-living) substrate via adhesion molecules.


lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + D-glucose = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrocyclohexanone + OH- = 4,6-dinitrohexanoate.


positive regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.


mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.


receptor-mediated bacteriophage reversible attachment to host cell

Process by which a bacteriophage, using its tail fibers, spikes or a baseplate component, initially recognizes and binds to its specific receptor on the host cell surface. This process is reversible and allows the release of a bacteriophage without affecting infection.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-D-galactosyl-sn-2-acylglycerol + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + [acyl-carrier protein].


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


lariciresinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lariciresinol + NADPH + H+ = secoisolariciresinol + NADP+.


response to leptin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].


negative regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pronephric nephron tubule development.


regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host autophagy

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hexose mediated signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hexose.


RNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


lysophosphatidic acid binding

Binding to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipid derivative that acts as a potent mitogen due to its activation of high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors.


response to human chorionic gonadotropin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.


female pregnancy

The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.


positive regulation of neuronal signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.


succinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor.


positive regulation of chromosome segregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


isopentenyl pyrophosphate transmembrate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


GDP-fucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a GDP-fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate + NAD+ = 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H+ + NADH.


disruption of cell wall in another organism

The disruption of the cell wall of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the cell wall.


dibenzothiophene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzothiophene derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment to remove sulfur compounds that would otherwise generate sulfur oxides during combustion.


positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


inositol 4-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NADP+ = glyoxylate + NADPH + H+.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity. A pheromone is a substance used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species eliciting a change in sexual or social behavior.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S7 O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 7).


uracil oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + NADH + O2 + H+ = ureidoacrylate peracid + NAD+. Ureidoacrylate peracid is spontaneously reduced by NADH to form ureidoacrylate.


phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


rhombomere 8 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


scopolin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + scopolin = beta-D-glucose + scopoletin.


regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


3,4-didehydroretinal binding

Binding to 3,4-didehydroretinal, a form of retinal that plays a role in the visual process in freshwater fish and some amphibians analogous to that of all-trans retinal in other vertebrates. 3,4-didehydro-11-cis-retinal combines with an opsin to form cyanopsin (cone) or porphyropsin (rod).


positive regulation of pectin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation

The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


histone H3K56me2/H3K56me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


positive regulation of bone development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.


ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutathione S-conjugate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + glutathione S-conjugate(out).


ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out).


taxusin 2-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: taxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-alpha-hydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.


regulation of ribosome biogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.


positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


methylputrescine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylputrescine + H2O + O2 = N-methylaminobutanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


proline dipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a dipeptide with proline at the C-terminal = L-proline + a standard alpha amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol = NADH + H+ + 7-alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one.


negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate = 4-aminobenzoate + H+ + pyruvate.


F420-0 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F420-0 (5-O-{[(1S)-1-carboxyethoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}-1-deoxy-1-(8-hydroxy-2,4-dioxo-2H-pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol), the fragment of coenzyme F420 remaining after formal hydrolytic removal of all of the glutamate residues.


synaptic target attraction

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets.


nitric oxide reductase activity (NAD(P)H-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dinitrogen oxide + H2O + NAD(P) = 2 nitric oxide + H+ + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[peptide] = N-terminal 5-oxo-L-prolyl-[peptide] + NH4+.


racemase and epimerase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives

Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in an amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.


response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.


synaptic vesicle targeting

The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


dolichol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + dolichol = CoA + dolichyl palmitate.


corpus callosum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.


hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


wound healing, spreading of cells

The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.


chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex into its constituent components.


dodecyl sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dodecyl sulfate, commonly found as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a component of a variety of synthetic surfactants.


MHC class I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.


lateral sprouting involved in lung morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of the lung epithelial tube.


halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase A activity

Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloro- or bromopropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.


inositol tetrakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = inositol pentakisphosphate + ADP.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = benzoate + NADH + H+.


response to trichostatin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.


DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.


descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle.


high-affinity ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


low-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


pancreas morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


anterior Malpighian tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of anterior tubules arise from a dorsal region of the embryonic hindgut and projects forwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut.


L-proline betaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline found in alfalfa, chrysanthemum, and citrus plants.


Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.


deoxyadenosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyadenosine + ATP = ADP + dAMP + 2 H+.


regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including L-homoserine, via the intermediate cystathionine.


vulval development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


cyanate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves the two-step acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to a phosphatidylcholine.


peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid from other compounds, including peptidyl-aspartic acid.


pallium cell proliferation in forebrain

The multiplication or reproduction of pallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


hypoxanthine salvage

Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


L-methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.


riboflavinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + riboflavin = D-ribitol + lumichrome.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


pattern specification involved in metanephros development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


bile acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in).


hippurate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoylglycine + H2O = benzoate + glycine.


regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


embryonic placenta development

The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


cellular response to interleukin-13

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


skeletal muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.


nectary development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


lytic endotransglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. Acts on linkages within peptidoglycan chains (i.e. not at the ends) to produce shorter strands with 1,6-anhydromuramic acid ends.


maleylpyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate(2-) + H2O = H+ + maleate(2-) + pyruvate.


regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


serine family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.


positive regulation of response to cycloalkane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.


intracellular accumulation of glycerol

The accumulation of glycerol within a cell, for example by increased glycerol biosynthesis combined with decreased permeability of the cell membrane to glycerol, in response to the detection of a hyperosmotic environment.


gamma-glutamyl hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-glutamyl cysteine + hercynine + O2 = gamma-glutamyl-hercynyl cysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


immune response in brain or nervous system

An immune response taking place in the brain or nervous system.


RNA repair

Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA.


technetium (VII) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pertechnetate ion + 3/2 H2 = technetium (IV) oxide + H2O + OH-.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2 + NADH.


cellular response to acrylamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.


dCDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.


atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.


protoderm histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis.


fructoseglycine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoseglycine, a fructose molecule containing a glycine group in place of a hydroxyl group.


plasmodesma organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + L-glutamine = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + 2-oxoglutaramate.


negative regulation of conjugation with zygote

A process that prevents a zygote from fusing an additional cell.


trochlear nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


physiological muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.


conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.


D-glucuronate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to mitochondrial depolarisation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to the depolarization of one or more mitochondria.


methyl beta-D-glucoside 6-phosphate glucohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl beta-D-glucoside 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + methanol.


ammeline aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammeline + H2O = ammelide + NH3.


erythrophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + baicalein = H+ + UDP + baicalin.


pyochelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


alpha-pinene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.


regulation of substance P secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.


ornithine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.


pheromone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoserine to homoserine to form phosphohomoserine.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


detection of calcium ion

The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


vesicle coating

A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid cyclopropane fatty acid.


cellular response to vitamin K

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.


Catalysis of the transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group to a sulphur atom within a cysteine residue of a protein.


positive regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


response to ionomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,6 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


metanephric tubule development

The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.


carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carboxynorspermidine + NADP + H2O = L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + trimethylenediaminium + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine(1-) + an (3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acp] = UDP-2,3-bis[O-(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


negative regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


flavonol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglurate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O.


myosin II filament assembly

The formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.


negative regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + aspartate = methionine + oxaloacetate.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


termination of mitochondrial transcription

A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary mitochondrial transcript.


negative regulation of centriole elongation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-endo-hydroxycineole + NAD+ = 6-oxocineole + H+ + NADH.


posterior lateral line neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


maintenance of protein location

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.


pinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.


peptide-O-fucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-L-fucosyl residue from GDP- beta-L-fucose to the serine hydroxy group of a protein acceptor.


cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


nuclear pore localization

Any process in which nuclear pores are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


membrane depolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


NAADP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


sphingosine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E,E)-piperoyl-CoA + piperidine = N-[(E,E)-piperoyl]piperidine + CoA + H+.


regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranan, to remove successive disaccharide residues as levanbiose, i.e. 6-(beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-D-fructose, from the end of the chain.


interleukin-25 production

The appearance of interleukin-25 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of lipid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.


endonucleolytic cleavage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-SSU-rRNA from a pre-LSU-rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


I-kappaB phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


meiosis I cell cycle phase

A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs.


L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase activity (NAD-dependent)

Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B = N(6')-acetylkanamycin B + CoA + H+. This is acetylation of the 6'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring.


naphthalenesulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalenesulfonate, sulfonated derivatives of naphthalene.


regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


phenylalkylamine binding

Binding to phenylalkylamine or one of its derivatives.


citryl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate.


(gibberellin-14), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A14 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = gibberellin A37 + carbon dioxide + succinate.


negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


vanadium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of vanadium (V) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.


galactose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


asexual reproduction

A type of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from a single organism, either from an unfertilized egg or from a single cell or group of cells.


The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


negative regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


negative regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


(+)-taxifolin 5'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-taxifolin(1-) + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ = (+)-dihydromyricetin + NADP(3-) + H2O.


3-chlorocatechol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-chlorocatechol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 = 4alpha-carboxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


protein serine kinase activity (using GTP as donor)

Catalysis of the reactions: GTP + L-seryl-[protein] = GDP + H+ + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein].


protein autoprocessing

Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid = salicylate + CO2.


1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain.


regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER.


Unidirectional transfer of genetic information triggered by to a pheromone signal.


nephrogenic mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephrogenic mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.


positive regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + UDP-galactose = 6F-alpha-D-galactosylsucrose + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate.


signal complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell.


anaphase-promoting complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an anaphase-promoting complex.


pyridoxal phosphate binding

Binding to pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.


hip joint articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of hip joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzenoid + O2 = H+ + distal extradiol ring cleavage. Substrates are 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl (forms 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate) and 2,2',3-trihydroxydiphenylether (forms 2,3-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate).


negative regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase.


polyamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative degradation or interconversion of polyamines.


specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


hindgut contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species

Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes and occurring as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.


symbiont-mediated disruption of host cuticle

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host organism cuticle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to dextromethorphan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with other known acceptors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen reduces a known acceptor other than a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP, or a quinone or similar compound.


cell migration involved in heart formation

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tyrosine + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tyrosine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


caudal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


R1/R6 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ergothioneine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


L-cysteine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + 2-oxoglutarate = mercaptopyruvate + L-glutamate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: an N-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-[protein] + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg) = H+ + N-terminal L-arginyl-L-amino acid-[protein] + tRNA(Arg).


AMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


peripheral nervous system axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.


alpha-beta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


chondro-4-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.


mycothione reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + mycothiol = NAD(P)H + H+ + mycothione.


triglyceride binding

Binding to a triester of glycerol.


heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.


NADPH peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O2 + H+ + NADPH = 2 H2O + NADP+.


positive regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


negative regulation of reproductive process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.


site-specific recombinase activity

Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique target DNA sequences.


O antigen polymerase activity

Catalysis of the polymerization of o-antigen chains. O-antigens are tetra- and pentasaccharide repeat units of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and are a component of lipopolysaccharide.


hemocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages at the branch points of dextrans and related polysaccharides, producing free D-glucose.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.


cellular response to estrogen stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = phenylacetate + NADH + H+.


translation at postsynapse

Translation that occurs at the postsynapse.


Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group to 4-hydroxybutyrate.


palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein.


anterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


positive regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


catecholamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


specification of connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


response to sucrose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


Norrin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of the cysteine knot protein Norrin to a Frizzled 4 (Fzd4) family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.


mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + tryptamine.


myoblast fate specification involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


rhombomere 4 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form a tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection.


phlobaphene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.


negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


D-ribose 5-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-2 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


phosphatidylserine flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


leukotriene B4 receptor activity

Combining with leukotriene B4, LTB4, to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotriene B4 is also known as (6Z, 8E, 10E, 14Z)-(5S, 12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraen-1-oate.


tRNA-specific ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in tRNA molecules.


negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development.


semicircular canal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized.


mitochondrial RNA modification

Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion.


atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+.


plant organ morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a plant organ is generated and organized.


negative regulation of cornification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.


regulation of mucus secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acetylenedicarboxylate = CO2 + pyruvate.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


spontaneous synaptic transmission

The low level of synaptic transmission that occurs via spontaneous neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft in the absence of a presynaptic action potential.


formaldehyde transketolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone.


pigment cell precursor differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pigment cell precursor.


arthrospore formation

The formation of conidia by the conversion of a pre-existing hypha. An arthrospore is produced by the last cell on a hypha breaking off and dispersing. Usually the walls thicken and the cell(s) separates before swelling of each spore. Sometimes further septa form in each cell prior to disarticulation.


common myeloid progenitor cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of common myeloid progenitor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A common myeloid progenitor cell is a progenitor cell committed to the myeloid lineage.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


DNA alpha-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


vanillin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


mitochondrial RNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


amygdalin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-amygdalin + H2O = (R)-prunasin + D-glucose.


membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.


phosphate butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + phosphate = butanoyl phosphate + CoA.


aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde or a ketone + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


response to pheromone regulating pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that regulates the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


phytoene dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the dehydrogenation of phytoene to produce a carotenoid intermediate such as phytofluene.


peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion

The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.


growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campesterol + O2 + NADPH = (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + H2O + NADP.


15-cis-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


cardiac muscle cell-cardiac muscle cell adhesion

The attachment of one cardiomyocyte to another cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate.


vancomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.