methotrexate binding

Binding to methotrexate, an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.


endosulfan sulfate hydrolase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.


hemoglobin metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.


envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.


petal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception

The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.


alkene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O.


symbiont-mediated activation of host MAPK cascade

A process in which a symbiont subverts a MAPK signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+.


positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


bronchiole development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.


RNA exon ligation

The RNA metabolic process that joins two exons, each of which has free ends that were generated by endonucleolytic cleavages, by a ligation reaction.


kinetochore disassembly

The disaggregation of a kinetochore into its constituent components.


nitric oxide dioxygenase NAD(P)H activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 NO + 2 O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2 nitrate + NAD(P)+.


protein denaturation

Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.


heme B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


adhesion receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that does not mediate or trigger entry into the host cell. This binding is typically reversible and enhances significantly infectivity by concentrating the virus in the vicinity of its entry receptors, or bringing it to an organ in which its target cells are located.


but-1-en-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: buten-2-one + NADPH + H+ = butan-2-one + NADP.


U6 2'-O-snRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an U6 snRNA molecule.


olefinic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + homoeriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pronephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros.


clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.


cell-cell self recognition

A cell-cell recognition process by which a cell distinguishes between self and non self during cooperative behavior, such as early development.


negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate.


immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


L-pipecolic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-pipecolic acid, a metabolite of lysine.


chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


pyrimidine nucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


medulla oblongata structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.


gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).


pronephric sinus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules.


negative regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


adamantanone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


maltoheptaose binding

Binding to maltoheptaose.


cellular response to palmitoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.


mature B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.


regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by biomineralization

The process of hardening a chitin-based cuticle by mineral incorporation. For example, the cuticle of crustaceans is hardened by the incorporation of calcium carbonate.


guanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


mycotoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.


guard cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.


cell differentiation involved in mesonephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


chondroblast differentiation

The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.


seminiferous tubule development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.


lactoperoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a phenolic donor + H2O2 = 2 a phenolic radical donor + 2 H2O.


6C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.


positive regulation of complement activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


guaiacyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guaiacyl lignin.


phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.


envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.


leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity

Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


negative regulation of penile erection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome C-553 + formate = ferrocytochrome C-553 + CO2.


metanephric late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


formation of anatomical boundary

The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


viral RNA genome replication

The replication of a viral RNA genome.


protein-ribulosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-ribulosyl-L-lysine = ADP + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-ribulosyl)-L-lysine.


protein formylation

The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.


serotonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


regulation of synaptic activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.


protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic stress granule.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


pyramidal neuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast or one of its progeny commits to a pyramidal neuron fate, migrates from the ventricular zone to the appropriate layer in the cortex and develops into a mature neuron.


chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.


clathrin-uncoating ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the removal of clathrin from vesicle membranes, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.


interleukin-19 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-19 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


ripoptosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ripoptosome, a protein complex whose formation can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more.


blasticidin S catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of blasticidin S.


lumen formation, open tracheal system

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine32 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine32 in tRNA.


intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitric oxide within a cell.


guanyl ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a guanyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


cis-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + HCl + malonate semialdehyde.


acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


acylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acylglycerol = ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


thioester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.


ABC-type maltose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).


kolavenyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-kolavenyl diphosphate.


regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


positive regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


cycloheximide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cycloheximide from one side of a membrane to the other. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.


guanidinoacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H2O = glycine + urea.


blood vessel diameter maintenance

Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.


medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


enterobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


cerebral blood circulation

The flow of blood through the network of arteries and veins supplying the cerebrum, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


coumarin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


eosinophil fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.


cellular response to X-ray

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network membrane.


regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion.


formate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from one side of a membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


striated muscle paramyosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the paramyosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


norsolorinic acid ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + NADP+ = norsolorinic acid + NADPH.


protein localization to pericentriolar material

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.


The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine.


formate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-aspartate.


nylon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.


response to alkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.


cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones.


negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


isoleucine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ = (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


structural constituent of cell wall

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.


determination of imaginal disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.


anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(14,15-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.


regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


response to lipoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


aurone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, NAD(P) as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-60 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mitochondrial mRNA primary transcript. Mitochondria contain both stabilizing and destabilizing poly(A) tails.


heterocyst development

The cellular developmental process by which a cell becomes a heterocyst, a cell that carries out nitrogen fixation. This process involves changes to the cell wall, expression of nitrogenase and other proteins involved in nitrogen fixation, and degradation of photosystem II, which produces oxygen. This process is known to occur in some cyanobacteria.


spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


nucleus disassembly

The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components.


spermathecum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.


Schwann cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a Schwann cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


response to butyrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.


histone H2AX kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone variant H2AX.


Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl aldehyde + NADP + H2O = 2 H+ + trans-sinapate + NADPH.


erythronolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6 malonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA = 7 CoA + 6-deoxyerythronolide B.


transcription preinitiation complex assembly

The formation of a large multiprotein-DNA complex that self-assembles on gene promoter through the sequential recruitment of the general initiation factors that compose the preinitiation complex (PIC). The PIC engages the RNA polymerase on its DNA template strand and sparks polymerization of the first few RNA nucleotides.


regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-methylsalicylaldehyde.


modulation of biological quality in another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


CAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAU codon.


positive regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


regulation of viral translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 4 isopentenyl diphosphate = 4 diphosphate + all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate.


ascorbate glutathione cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.


metanephric DCT cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


rhabdomere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a rhabdomere are generated and organized. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


histone H4 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H4.


isobutylamine N-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isobutylamine + NADPH + O2 = isobutylhydroxylamine + NADP+ + H2O.


vitamin E metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


THPH synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + hexanoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylhexan-1-one + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA.


signal transduction in absence of ligand

The series of molecular signals initiated by the absence of a ligand or the withdrawal of a ligand from a receptor.


adhesion to host cell via type IV pili

Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


agmatinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H2O = putrescine + urea.


cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + hydrogen peroxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O.


amitosis

Nuclear division that occurs by simple constriction of the nucleus without chromosome condensation or spindle formation.


oviduct epithelium development

The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = benzoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


maintenance of diapause

The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.


negative regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


transmembrane monodehydroascorbate reductase activity

Oxidation of monodehydroascorbate outside of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.


synaptonemal complex disassembly

The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.


nipple development

The progression of the nipple over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nipple is a part of the mammary gland that protrudes from the surface ectoderm.


regulation of floral meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem.


ortho-trichlorophenol reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2,4-dichlorophenol + HCl.


UDP-glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming two zygotes

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming two zygotes.


type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by type III interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to glycerone phosphate and 3-sulfolactaldehyde

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA).


conversion of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA to cysteinyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of O-phosphoserine charged on a tRNA(Cys) to cysteinyl-tRNA.


methylaspartate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = mesaconate + NH4.


perithecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a perithecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Peritheicum is a flask-shaped fruiting body of certain molds and ascomycetous fungi having a pore for the escape of spores. In the ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora, these perithecia are formed in the sexual phase and they discharge ascospores through the ostiolum at the tip of the perithecial neck.


vernalization response

The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.


Catalysis of the reaction: a (3E,5Z)-dienoyl-CoA = a (2E,4E)-(5,6-saturated)-dienoyl-CoA.


peptidoglycan asparagine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ammonium + ATP = H+ + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


galactolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.


pristanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + OH- = 2,4-dihydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + Cl-.


positive regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


benzylpenicillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzylpenicillin.


erythrulose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threitol + NADP+ = D-erythrulose + H+ + NADPH.


malate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + a quinol.


S-methylmethionine cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine group of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level.


sepal vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the sepal of vascular plants.


alkyne catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = phosphomannan(n+1) + GMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + a homogalacturonan = UDP + 4 H+ + a xylogalacturonan.


positive regulation of sclerotium development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


metanephric tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


uronate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galacturonate + H2O + NAD+ = galactarate + 2 H+ + NADH.


protein localization to medial cortical node

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a medial cortical node.


regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


nurse cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.


anther wall tapetum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in keratan sulfate.


positive regulation of thymocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


heart valve cell differentiation

The process in which an endocardial cushion cell give rise to a cell that is part of a heart valve.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation

The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


D-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-serine = pyruvate + NH3.


stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs throughout the length of the stomach.


L-pipecolate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + acceptor = delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + reduced acceptor. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


oidium formation

The process in which oidia, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Oidia are borne a few at a time on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus.


cellular response to astaxanthin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.


regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


positive regulation of CD40 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell.


acinar cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of acinar cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. An acinar cell is a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).


collectin receptor activity

Combining with a collectin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


beta,beta digalactosyldiacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + a beta,beta digalactosyldiacylglycerol = a trigalactosyldiacylglycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.


homogalacturonan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor.


regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.


sinus venosus morphogenesis

The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


regulation of muscle hyperplasia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


HLA-A specific activating MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


positive regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.


pyruvate, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + pyruvate = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.


fructuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD+ = D-fructuronate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


phospholipase D-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of phosphatidic acid (PA).


soyasapogenol B glucuronide galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate = H+ + UDP + soyasaponin III.


isoleucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


5-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 5-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.


symbiont-mediated detoxification of host-generated reactive oxygen species

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the host reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated innate immune response by directly degrading host ROS. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.


tRNA-guanosine(34) queuine transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine34 in tRNA + queuine = guanine + queuosine34 in tRNA.


lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Cl-(out) = K+(in) + Cl-(in).


positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


N-terminal protein myristoylation

The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.


Golgi transport vesicle coating

The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles.


trigeminal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


plant endodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a plant endodermal cell.


rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


telomere formation via telomerase

A cellular process that results in the formation of a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end that involves the activity of a telomerase enzyme.


quinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinone.


bacteriocin immunity

A process that mediates resistance to a bacteriocin: any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


6-deoxotyphasterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxotyphasterol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 6-deoxocastasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylthioacetohydroximate + UDP-D-glucose = desulfoglucotropeolin + UDP.


positive regulation of cell budding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.


integrase activity

Catalysis of the integration of one DNA segment into another.


cell migration in diencephalon

The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the diencephalon.


rhombomere cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a rhombomere cell.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled

An RNA polymerase II transcription termination process in which cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end are coupled to transcription termination.


1,1-dichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chloroethane + HCl.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.


1-18:1-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol trans-3 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


pollen sperm cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte.


2-oxobutyrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + L-tyrosine methyl ester = L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


chimeric non-reproductive fruiting body development

Development of a non-reproductive fruiting body formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


N-4 methylation of cytosine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.


negative regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


response to cordycepin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.


positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes

The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.


maintenance of synapse structure

A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.


mesodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway.


response to mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


intracellular signaling cassette

An intracellular signaling module that is part of larger signaling pathways that can be initiated either intracellularly or by cell surface receptors. Intracellular signaling cassettes are discrete signaling units that are often shared by multiple signaling pathways.


negative regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an auditory hair cell.


histone H2AXS139 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-serine (position 139) + ATP = histone H2AX-phosphoserine (position 139) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 139 of histone variant H2AX.


glutamate-gated receptor activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


galactose binding

Binding to aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides.


plasminogen activation in another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the processing of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin in another organism.


trehalose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of trehalose from one side of a membrane to the other. Trehalose is the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside that acts of a reserve carbohydrate in certain fungi, algae and lichens.


arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + H2O = 2-oxobutanate + NH4.


peripheral B cell positive selection

Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.


granaticin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving granaticin.


response to prostaglandin F

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.


protein S-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine.


gibberellin A12,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (gibberellin A110-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A110 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


guanosine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + phosphate = guanine + D-ribose 1-phosphate.


negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


response to odorant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an odorant stimulus. An odorant is any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2'-diol + O2 + NADH + H+ = biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + H2O + NAD.


maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.


melanocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a melanocyte, the main structural component of the epidermis.


3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D1-steroid + reduced acceptor.


puromycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.


germacrene-D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.


ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide encoded by an aberrant message and associated with a stalled ribosome. Degradation is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the ribosome-associated protein.


specification of metanephric nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the metanephric nephron acquire their identity.


chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O.


mitotic telomere clustering and tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which the telomeres are gathered together to a small number of foci per chromosome (usually one per chromosome or fewer), and moved to and tethered at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


blastocyst hatching

The hatching of the cellular blastocyst from the zona pellucida.


regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.


lung alveolus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.


calcitonin family receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase III promoter

Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase III promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


epidermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


forebrain radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that increases autophagosome size.


GTPase motor activity

A motor activity driven by GTP hydrolysis.


telomerase RNA binding

Binding to the telomerase RNA template.


cuticle chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.


modulation of potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.


central nervous system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


fatty acid elongase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain acyl-CoA + H+ + malonyl-CoA = a very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA. This reaction is the first (condensation) step of the four-step fatty acid elongation cycle in the endoplasmic reticulum that extends fatty acids of C-16 or longer with an additional 2-C unit.


cardiac muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.


response to L-ascorbic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.


trabecula morphogenesis

The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


symbiont-mediated activation of host signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont subverts a signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.


beta-apiosyl-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavonoid + H2O = a 7-hydroxyisoflavonoid + beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose.


xanthine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

A type of non-canonical Wnt signaling in which Wnt binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


positive regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


kidney vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the kidney vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


protein dealkylation

The removal of an alkyl group from a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.


alpha-pinene-oxide decyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene oxide = (Z)-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal.


detection of abscisic acid stimulus

The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to sorbitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.


chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,6-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,5-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


host cell surface binding

Binding to the surface of a host cell.


sterol transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sterol are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


XMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + L-glutamine = gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine + NH4.


positive regulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


FR-33289 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FR-900098 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 = FR-33289 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-maltose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + maltose(out) = protein histidine + maltose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


ISG15 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S = X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


lamellocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a lamellocyte. Lamellocytes are a hemocyte lineage that exists only in larvae, but are seldom observed in healthy animals. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer

The synthesis of a short RNA polymer, usually 4-15 nucleotides long, using one strand of unwound DNA as a template; the RNA then serves as a primer from which DNA polymerases extend synthesis.


head kidney maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the head kidney to attain its fully functional state. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + H+(out) = acetate(in) + H+(in).


DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA recombinase mediator complex.


S-methylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of S-methylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


bacterial nucleoid packaging

A process in which chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly bacterial nucleoid. Often resulting in DNA supercoiling.


dendrite regeneration

The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.


endosulfan hydroxyether dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hydroxyether = endosulfan lactone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.


trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


cytosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3.


hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate + H+ = CO2 + glycolaldehyde.


L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD(P)+ = 5-dehydrogluconate + NAD(P)H + H+.


glycolytic fermentation

Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.


border follicle cell delamination

The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration.


positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


glyoxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine = cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate + H2O = benzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


positive regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


lipid-A-disaccharide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


taxadiene 5-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + taxa-4,11-diene = A + H2O + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.


forebrain cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain.


response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


diapedesis

The passage of a leukocyte between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.


myoblast differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a relatively unspecialized satellite cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


estivation

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy, similar to hibernation, but that occurs during the summer. It insulates against heat to prevent the harmful effects of the season.


folic acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: folic acid(out) + H+(out) = folic acid(in) + H+(in). The main folic acid symporter is the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter (PCFT/SLC46A1), which has similar affinity for transport of reduced folates (5-methyl THF, 5-formyl THF) and folic acid.


L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


oncostatin M production

The appearance of oncostatin M due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching.


sulfation

The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.


cellular response to oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.


positive regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.


lateral mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


mucilage metabolic process involved in seed coat development

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.


synapse assembly involved in innervation

The assembly of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading.


iron chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an iron chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD + = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+.


glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.


peripheral B cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.


tricuspid valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropenylpimelyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD+ = 6-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADH.


forebrain neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain.


ferrichrome metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor = ADP + phospho-beta-adrenergic receptor.


cellular response to tacrolimus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus (FK506) stimulus.


homeostasis of number of cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.


interleukin-24 production

The appearance of interleukin-24 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


mesonephric glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->2)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


regulation of aecium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.


2-oxoglutarate carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + ATP + bicarbonate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxalosuccinate + phosphate.


inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1D-myo-inositol-1-phospho-N-[(R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acyl]-(R)-4-hydroxysphingoid base + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1,6)-1D-myo-inositol-1-phospho-N-[(R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acyl]-(R)-4-hydroxysphingoid base + GDP + H+.


regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


histone decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[histone].


forebrain induction by the anterior neural ridge

The close range interaction of the anterior neural ridge to the caudal region of the neural plate that specifies the forebrain fate.


phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.


central B cell negative selection

Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow.


aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = an acid + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


negative regulation of gastrulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 6-hydroxyflavone = 6-O-beta-D-glucosyl-6-hydroxyflavone + UDP + H+.


24-methyldesmosterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 24-methyldesmosterol + NADPH = campesterol + NADP.


halotropism

A sodium-specific negative tropism that is crucial for surviving and thriving under high salinity.


killing by symbiont of host cells

Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


threonine-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


negative regulation of chloride transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.


deltoid tuberosity development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase.


aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


acetylene hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde = acetylene + H2O.


N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N-(3-acetamidopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine + hydrogen peroxide.


radial glia guided migration of cerebellar granule cell

The inward migration of postmitotic granule cells along a radial glial cell from the external granule layer to the internal granule cell layer.


chloroplast localization

Any process in which a chloroplast is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in cells of algae and higher plants.


positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.


response to ximelagatran

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ximelagatran stimulus.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.


thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with thyroid-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


bronchus cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the bronchus cartilage is generated and organized. The bronchus cartilage is the connective tissue of the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADPH + ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m) = [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n+1) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m-1).


cell growth mode switching, budding to filamentous

The process in which a cell switches from growing as a round budding cell to growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end). An example of this is the yeast-hyphal transition of Candida albicans.


peptidyl-cysteine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.


ethanolamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ethanolamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.


nitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.


fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.


negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels

The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.


GDP-D-rhamnose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate.


cytosolic small ribosomal subunit assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cytosolic small ribosomal subunit.


o-xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


N-terminal protein amino acid carbamoylation

The carbamoylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-coumarate + H2O + NADP+.


modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an ion channel in another organism.


parathyroid hormone receptor activity

Combining with parathyroid hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


monocyte proliferation

The expansion of a monocyte population by cell division.


meiotic G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


cobalamin 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate = adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate + GMP.


anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucoside + hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA = anthocyanidin 3-glucoside-5-hydroxycinnamoylglucoside + CoA.


cellular response to interleukin-4

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.


negative regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


embryonic organ morphogenesis

Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.


regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a compound eye cone cell.


vestibular receptor cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a vestibular receptor cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.


adhesion of symbiont appressorium to host

The attachment of an appressorium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.


P-type proton-exporting transporter activity

Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out). These transporters use a phosphorylative mechanism, which have a phosphorylated intermediate state during the ion transport cycle.


modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal, in a different organism.


regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.


3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


axon ensheathment

Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.


chlorophyllide a metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllide a, a chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain, which is the functional parent of chlorophyll a.


regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane.


symbiont-mediated suppression of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway. This is a mechanism by which the virus evades the host innate immune response.


inferior raphe nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lipid digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


TRAIL production

The appearance of TRAIL due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide.


deoxynucleoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2'-deoxynucleoside = ADP + 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate.


regulation of organic acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: methionine + a 2-oxo acid = 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + an amino acid.


negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: [myelin proteolipid] + palmityl-CoA = [myelin proteolipid] O-palmitoylprotein + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H+ + NADPH.