N-terminal peptidyl-alanine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase or other enzymes of this class, such as ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


negative regulation of cardiac ventricle development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.


posterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where a cardiac endothelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. Endocardial cells (specialized endothelial cells that line the heart) undergo EndMT, and give rise to mesenchymal cells necessary for proper heart development. EndMT, specifically generates valve progenitor cells that give rise to the mitral and tricuspid valves. EndMT also contributes to endocardial cushion formation, as well as to generation of cardiac fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not cardiac myocytes.


regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation.


envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, inter-Golgi cisterna

The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of inter-Golgi cisterna transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


androgen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.


pantothenate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


Golgi vesicle docking

The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane.


aspartate-ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP + NH4 = L-asparagine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


artery vasodilation involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

An increase in the internal diameter of an artery, triggered by vasomotor suppression, during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an arylamine = CoA + an N-acetylarylamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N7-methylguanine.


response to interleukin-32

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.


p-xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-xylene, (1,4-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + dihydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADPH = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADP.


T cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


positive regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


regulation of estrone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.


asexual spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an asexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in Bacterial and Fungal species.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


protein-lipid complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a protein-lipid complex.


negative regulation of epithelium regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.


interleukin-12 production

The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ + a heptodecanoyl-[acp] = octadec-1-ene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products.


positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


sulochrin oxidase [(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2S)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.


paranodal junction maintenance

The maintenance of a paranodal junction, a highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. A paranodal junction flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve, electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments, and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.


response to diamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus.


lipopolysaccharide localization to cell outer membrane

A process in which a lipopolysaccharide is transported to the cell outer membrane.


regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that regulates the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


negative regulation of response to cycloalkane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.


negative regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


negative regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


creatine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + creatine = N-phosphocreatine + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarohexaose + H2O = 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + agaropentaose.


renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.


smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a smooth muscle cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


histone H3K9 monomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate + H+ = CO2 + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


norepinephrine binding

Binding to norepinephrine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol), a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


nuclear pore organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore.


negative regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.


endocardium formation

Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging

The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging.


roof plate formation

The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (3S)-(+)-asterisca-2(9),6-diene.


cupula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


dendrite development by retrograde extension

The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


primary alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to its receptor on the surface of a target cell.


hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow

The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell into the bone marrow, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments in that microenvironment. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.


negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.


tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (alpha-tubulin) L-lysine = CoA + (alpha-tubulin) N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + quinone = NADP+ + semiquinone.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in renal system development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the renal system as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


transformation of host cell by virus

A virus-induced cellular transformation resulting in immortalized cells, or cells capable of indefinite replication.


positive regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process.


heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate.


hydrogen peroxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (glyoxylate dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion = 4-oxobutanoate + glycine.


positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of mannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.


miltiradiene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miltiradiene.


histone H4K20 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein, producing histone H4K20me3.


Catalysis of the reaction:(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + glyoxylate.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


tyrosine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = tyramine + CO2.


opine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino]pentanoate + H2O + NAD+ = L-2-aminopentanoate + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


glycosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


cellular detoxification of aldehyde

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of an aldehyde. These may include transport of aldehydes away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


male germline ring canal formation

Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst.


imitative learning

Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation.


peptidylamidoglycolate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidylamidoglycolate = peptidyl amide + glyoxylate.


geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranyl diphosphate.


cellular response to L-cysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus. L-cysteine is an optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration.


lithocholic acid receptor activity

Combining with lithocholic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


cuticle development

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.


uracil:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uracil(out) + cation(out) = uracil(in) + cation(in).


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. G-CSF binds to the receptor (CSF3R).


SAGA complex binding

Binding to a SAGA complex.


negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a terminal cell fate in an open tracheal system. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.


regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.


tRNA exon ligation utilizing ATP as source of linkage phosphate

A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous ATP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in vertebrate species.


C-C motif chemokine 5 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cspyrone B1 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cspyrone B1.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,10E,12R,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.


positive regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


establishment of plastid localization

The directed movement of a plastid to a specific location in the cell.


allatostatin receptor activity

Combining with allatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity.


B cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B cell receptor to augment B cell activation.


peptidyl-phenylalanine modification

The modification of peptidyl-phenylalanine.


positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


alpha-glucan catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.


positive regulation of cleistothecium development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


cis-zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


Catalysis of the reaction: orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


regulation of taurine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of taurine biosynthesis.


ATPase-coupled polar amino acid-transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + polar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid(in).


regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + H2O = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


zeaxanthin epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-zeaxanthin + 4 H+ + 2 O2 + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = all-trans-violaxanthin + 2 H2O + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].


negative regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-dependent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H+.


dCTP deaminase (dUMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + 2 H2O = diphosphate + dUMP + H+ + NH4.


IP-10 production

The appearance of IP-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


90S preribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome. The 90S preribosome represents the complex that forms on the primary rRNA transcript before it splits into the small subunit and large subunit portions.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-9 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


thymocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.


induction by symbiont of host defense response

The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


pyruvate, phosphate dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate + pyruvate = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.


D-glutamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + pyruvate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-alanine.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


positive regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


T-helper 17 type immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria with a key role in inflammation and tissue injury. This immune response is associated with pathological autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 17 cells, most notably interleukin-17, IL-21 and IL-22.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + L-glutamate + ATP = H+ + N-benzoyl-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


sphingolipid floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a sphingolipid from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


emericellamide A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellamide A.


negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + farnesyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-farnesylplastoquinol.


interleukin-30 production

The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kaempferol 3-O-glucoside = kaempferol 3,7-O-diglucoside + UDP.


sedoheptulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sedoheptulose = ADP + 2 H+ + sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide b + (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate = chlorophyll b + diphosphoric acid.


protein palmitoleylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl group to a protein.


coenzyme B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.


histone H2AR3 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 2A L-arginyl (position 3)= histone 2A L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H2A citrullination at position 3.


positive regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.


negative regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.


negative regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + L-ascorbate + O2 = CO2 + dehydroascorbate + ethylene + 2 H2O + hydrogen cyanide. Ethene is also known as ethylene.


5.8S rRNA binding

Binding to 5.8S ribosomal RNA, a eukaryotic ribosomal RNA which forms a complex with 28S RNA.


RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex assembly

The formation of a large multiprotein-DNA complex that self-assembles on a tRNA gene through the sequential recruitment of the general initiation factors that compose the preinitiation complex (PIC), (which includes BDP1, BRF1, TBP, TFIIIC in human). The PIC engages RNA polymerase III on its DNA template strand and sparks polymerization of the first few RNA nucleotides.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity

Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


L-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine = pyruvate + NH3.


symbiont-mediated disruption of host mitochondrion

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell mitochondria. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


zinc efflux active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane: Zn2+(out) = Zn2+(in). The activity is driven by proton motive force.


protein lysine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = acetate + L-lysyl-[protein].


negative regulation of hair cycle

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.


anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(8,9-epoxy-5Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N(6)-acetyl-N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + CoA.


branch fusion, open tracheal system

Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint.


soladodine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + solasodine = UDP + solasodine 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H+.


negative regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


prenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.


photoreceptor cell morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


citramalate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + citramalate = acetate + (3S)-citramalyl-CoA.


response to hydroxyurea

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.


Catalysis of the transfer of glucuronate to the xylan backbone of glucuronoxylan molecule.


synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle.


pulmonary artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.


kievitone hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kievitone hydrate = H2O + H+ + kievitone.


negative regulation of maltotetraose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-7,8-oxide + H2O.


epiboly involved in wound healing

The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in wound healing.


monosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.


alpha-amyrin 28-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-amyrin + NADPH(4-) + O2 + H+ = uvaol + NADP(3-) + H2O.


m-xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-xylene, (1,3-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


regulation of calcitonin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.


T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


GMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + NH4(+) = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + 2H+.


protein deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a glycated protein.


benzoin aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoin = 2 benzaldehyde.


pronephros maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pronephros to attain its fully functional state. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


atrioventricular node cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


regulation of definitive erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of definitive erythrocyte differentiation. Definitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.


cellular response to cortisone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues.


UGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGC codon.


ionotropic sweet taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific soluble sweet compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: didemethylisoproturon + H2O = carbamic acid + 4-isopropylaniline.


sulfur compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


positive regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.


histone H4K8 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 8) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 8).


macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production

The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart process.


membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


positive regulation of Hulle cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


specification of animal organ position

The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


induction by virus of host apoptotic process

A process in which a viral gene product activates host apoptosis, leading to an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylethanoate, or 2-(Indol-3-yl)-ethanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


telomeric repeat-containing RNA binding

Binding to long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed from subtelomeric regions in most eukaryotes. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) molecules consist of subtelomeric-derived sequences and G-rich telomeric repeats.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + orotidine 5'-phosphate = CO2 + UMP.


negative regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NAD(P)H or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.


negative regulation of glial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


HLA-B specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-B subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


myotube cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


IMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate.


positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


campestanol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campestanol + O2 + NADPH = 6-deoxycathasterone + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an acetyl group from N-acetylglucosaminylinositol.


enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of the siderochrome enterochelin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine from one side of a membrane to the other.


4-nitrobenzyl alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + O2 = 4-nitrobenzaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


beta-amyrin 11-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 H2O + 2 NADP.


ditrans, polycis-undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate+ GDP.


artery smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.


pyrimidine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


trigeminal ganglion structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the trigeminal ganglion This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine = L-glutamate + pyruvate.


protein localization to myelin sheath abaxonal region

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the abaxonal region of the myelin sheath. The abaxonal region is the region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.


lipid-linked peptidoglycan transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of lipid-linked peptidoglycans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,7-dimethylxanthine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + caffeine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


protein localization to cleavage furrow rim

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow rim.


ascopyrone tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-1-en-3-ulose.


UUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUA codon.


negative regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.


oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte.


cellular response to cytokinin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.


regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


melanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.


outer ear morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.


negative regulation of cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate + O2 = carnitine + CO2 + succinate.


renal urate salt excretion

The elimination of urate salt or uric acid from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


glycogen phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycogen + phosphate = maltodextrin + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


dUMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).


modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication.


radial microtubular system formation

Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants.


asparagine biosynthetic process from cysteine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including cysteine.


mesonephric macula densa development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.


U4 snRNA binding

Binding to a U4 small nuclear RNA (U4 snRNA).


4-nitrotoluene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 4-nitrotoluene + NADH + O2 = 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O.


hepatocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.


cellular response to testosterone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.


propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylmalonyl pathway.


ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine + H2O = L-arginine + ADP-ribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue.


sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


colanic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4 hydroquinone + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 4 H2O.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


furaneol oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one + NADP = 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylenefuran-3-one + NADPH + H+.


keratinocyte migration

The directed movement of a keratinocyte, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another.


NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose, in a two steps reaction: first an ADP-ribosyl cyclase reaction, followed by a cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase reaction.


mRNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA; G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA is mRNA containing a guanosine residue linked 5' through three phosphates to the 5' position of the terminal residue.


cell-cell signaling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the heart process that regulates cardiac muscle contraction; beginning with the generation of an action potential in the sinoatrial node and ending with regulation of contraction of the myocardium.


Catalysis of the reaction: [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](acetyl form) + H2O = [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](thiol form) + acetate.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


cellular response to glucagon stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


positive regulation of viral translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


pancreatic PP cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


ATPase-coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


positive regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose.


protein-lipid complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex.


hypophysis formation

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The hypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


voltage-gated monoatomic anion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


macrophage migration inhibitory factor production

The appearance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


sulfide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase.


positive regulation of vesicle docking

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle docking.


alpha-1,3-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n = UDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n+1.


metanephric loop of Henle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros.


ventriculo bulbo valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the ventriculo bulbo valve is generated and organized.


response to propan-1-ol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a propan-1-ol stimulus.


serine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + L-serine = ethanolaminium(1+) + carbon dioxide.


rRNA 2'-O-methylation

The addition of a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis.


sensory perception of low humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect low environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


cellular response to biotin starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of biotin.


ligand-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ions by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


prolactin receptor activity

Combining with prolactin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


male analia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the male over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


basophil chemotaxis

The movement of a basophil in response to an external stimulus.


ceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a ceramide = a sphingoid base + a fatty acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.


NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an NMDA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


protein-DNA-RNA complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA-RNA complex.


positive regulation of haustorium mother cell formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


5'-(N(7)-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mRNA] hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + N7-methyl-GDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + glucose = phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: carbohydrate(out) + H+(out) = carbohydrate(in) + H+(in).


auxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.


otolith development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


alkylhalidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bromochloromethane + H2O = bromide + chloride + formaldehyde + 2 H+.


olfactory placode development

The progression of the olfactory placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.


3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 3-chloroacrylic acid.


positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


benzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluridine34 in tRNA(Leu) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2'-O-methyluridine34 in tRNA(Leu) + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


photoreceptor cell axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus.


multivesicular body-lysosome fusion

The organelle membrane fusion process in which the membrane of a multivesicular body fuses with a lysosome to create a hybrid organelle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADPH.


protein localization to secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule.


ganglioside GM1 binding

Binding to ganglioside GM1.


cyclohexanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 6-hexanolide + NADP+ + H2O.


morphine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.


regulation of leaf senescence

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.


fonsecin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fonsecin.


NK T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CoA.


uroporphyrinogen III metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uroporphyrinogen III, a precursor for synthesis of vitamin B12, chlorophyll, and heme in organisms that produce these compounds.


1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


positive regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import across the plasma membrane.


mevaldate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + acceptor = mevaldate + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O.


cellular response to rotenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.


response to arsenite(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + kaempferol-3-rhamnoside + UDP(3-).


disruption of anatomical structure in another organism

The disruption of an anatomical structure of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure.


puromycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.


ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm.


23S rRNA (adenine(2030)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2030) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(2030) in 23S rRNA.


positive regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


regulation of response to type II interferon

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.


olfactory nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


response to amphetamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.


negative regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.


protein-phycourobilin linkage via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine.


negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


pyrokinin receptor activity

Combining with a pyrokinin and transmitting the signal within the cell to induce a change in cell activity. Pyrokinins are a group of insect neuropeptides that share the common C-terminal pentapeptide sequence Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (X = S, T, K, A, or G). They play a central role in diverse physiological processes including stimulation of gut motility, production and release of sex pheromones, diapause, and pupariation.


Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.


vindoline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vindoline.


regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely used as a herbicide, often as a weed killer for home lawns.


myo-inosose-2 dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone = 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + H2O.


response to histamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.


response to cycloalkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.


mitotic anaphase B

The cell cycle phase during which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart as part of mitosis.


axonemal microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules.


positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


diolein transacylation activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diolein + mono-olein = triolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol, and triolein as trioleoylglycerol and olein.


notum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized.


negative regulation of type 2 immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


pinocarveol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = carveol.


UCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCG codon.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


aplanospore formation

The process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.


response to karrikin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a karrikin stimulus. Karrikins are signaling molecules in smoke from burning vegetation that trigger seed germination for many angiosperms (flowering plants).


establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


myoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpNpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpNpG = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpNpG.


interleukin-9 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-9 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


axonemal central apparatus assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal central apparatus.


primary adaptive immune response involving T cells and B cells

An adaptive immune response mediated by naive T or B cells against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


positive regulation of cell morphogenesis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


ABC-type polyamine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + polyamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + polyamine(in).


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.


positive regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


cellular response to redox state

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


glycosinolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


phosphate acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + phosphate = CoA + acetyl phosphate.


3-deoxy-2-octulosonidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the beta-ketopyranosidic linkages of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate in capsular polysaccharides.


cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers.


specification of distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


positive regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.


infection cushion formation

The process in which an organized mass of hyphae is formed and numerous infective hyphae develop from the hyphae mass.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


mitomycin C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitomycin C.


spermine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.


phosphonate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + phosphonate = 2 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


peptide pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a peptide pheromone, and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.


limb bud formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.


O-glycan processing

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure.


protein adenylylation

The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid.


regulation of action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


volume-sensitive chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


synaptic vesicle priming

A process that converts synaptic vesicles to a state of competence for calcium triggered fusion with the active zone membrane by bringing the two membranes into very close proximity. Priming typically (but not always) occurs after docking (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012). Primed vesicles are also capable of spontaneously fusing with the active zone membrane.


beta-agarase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in agarose, giving the tetramer as the predominant product.


negative regulation of male gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


imaginal disc fusion

The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis.


activating MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


cysteine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


common bile duct development

The progression of the common bile duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The common bile duct is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct running from the liver, and the cystic duct running from the gallbladder. The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.


olfactory nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.


glycerol channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of glycerol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


positive regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


L-arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arabinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabinose occurs free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers and in the combined states, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides, etc.


dGTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galacturonate + 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n) = 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n+1) + UDP.


glutathione biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.


somatic embryogenesis

Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.


inositol phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


plasma membrane repair

The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress.


trithionate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + trithionate = H+ + sulfate + thiosulfate.


chimeric sorocarp development

Development of a sorocarp formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


structural constituent of presynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynapse.


acetyl CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol = CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate.


base conversion or substitution editing

Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


response to hypochlorite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hypochlorite stimulus.


molybdate ion binding

Binding to a molybdate ion (MoO4 2-).


plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


protein localization to septin ring

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a septin ring.


regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


suppression by virus of host intracellular interferon activity

Any viral process that results in the inhibition of interferon activity within the host cell.


positive regulation of nematode pharyngeal pumping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nematode pharyngeal pumping.


ethanolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).


hexokinase-independent signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and independent of hexokinase.


GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


enterochelin esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: enterobactin + 3 H2O = 3 N-23-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine + 3 H+.


response to luteinizing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


positive regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


negative regulation of cytolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of bone remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.


galactose-6-sulfurylase activity

Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate from the D-galactose 6-sulfate residues of porphyran, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues.


positive regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopolysaccharide.


tetraterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


L-tryptophan aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other.


olfactory placode formation

The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


phenylacetyl-coenzyme A:glycine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + glycine = H+ + phenylacetylglycine + coenzyme A.


O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphoric acid + H2O => L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + 2 phosphoric acid.


formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle

The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde.


rRNA acetylation involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA

Any rRNA acetylation that is involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA.


maintenance of dauer

Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.


AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


vacuole fission

The division of a vacuole within a cell to form two or more separate vacuoles.


desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway after prolonged stimulation with an agonist of the pathway.


negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


positive regulation of eclosion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.


Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-1,2-linkage.


maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum.


Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


short-term synaptic potentiation

The process by which synaptic transmission, induced by the arrival of a spike (action potential) at a synapse, acts to increase the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to the arrival of subsequent spikes. This effect is seen when a train of closely space spikes arrives at a synapse with a low initial release probability. It occurs in a timeframe of tens to hundreds of milliseconds.


regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


negative regulation of septum digestion after cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.


branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.


G protein-coupled neurotensin receptor activity

Combining with the tridecapeptide neurotensin to initiate a G-protein mediated change in cell activity. A G-protein is a signal transduction molecule that alternates between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state.


evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell induced by the evoked release of many vesicles of excitatory neurotransmitter at the synapse.


O-butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a butyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose = L-glutamate + dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-galactose.


poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) binding

Binding to a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), a polyester of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


dormancy maintenance of symbiont in host

Any process in which a dormant state is maintained by the symbiont within the host organism.


cellular response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


mitochondrial translational initiation

The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


quinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinone = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-aldosyl1 beta-D-fructoside + D-aldose2 = D-aldose1 + alpha-D-aldosyl2 beta-D-fructoside.