cellular response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


response to thiabendazole

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.


3-oxo-palmitate decarboxylase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopalmitic acid + H+ = 2-pentadecanone + carbon dioxide.


fumagillin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumagillin.


His-Purkinje system cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a His-Purkinje cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


induction of programmed cell death by hormones

Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kinetin = H+ + kinetin-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


histone H3K36me2/H3K36me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


sulfoacetaldehyde lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-sulfoacetaldehyde + H2O = acetate + sulfite.


regulation of glucosylceramidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.


Notch signaling involved in heart development

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


glutathione oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + O2 = glutathione disulfide + H2O2.


sulfur oxygenase/reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 sulfur + 4 H2O + O2 = 2 hydrogen sulfide + 2 bisulfite + 2 H+.


regulation of beta-lactamase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-lactamase activity, the hydrolysis of a beta-lactam to yield a substituted beta-amino acid.


cellular response to nitric oxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.


prostacyclin receptor activity

Combining with prostacyclin (PGI(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein insertion into plasma membrane raft

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a plasma membrane raft.


mRNA CDS binding

Binding to an mRNA molecule coding sequence (CDS).


short-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a short-chain fatty acid. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing fewer than 6 carbons.


auditory behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to a sound.


Malpighian tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.


FMN reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NADP+ = FMN + NADPH + 2 H+.


negative regulation of response to oxidative stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.


2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA = a fatty aldehyde + formyl-CoA. The reaction acts on 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA and 2-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA.


Notch receptor processing, ligand-independent

The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur prior to ligand binding. A primary cleavage event within the extracellular domain whilst the Notch protein in still in the secretory pathway, leads to the transportation of a processed heterodimer to the cell surface.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine(2-) + H2O = UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine(1-) + acetate.


positive regulation of lipid localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


atrioventricular node cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to atrioventricular (AV) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into AV node cells.


arabinoxylan binding

Binding to arabinoxylan.


cytoplasmic translational elongation

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus.


fermentative hydrogen production

The fermentation of organic substances with a net release of hydrogen.


oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization

Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.


salicylate 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NAD+ + H2O + CO2.


phthalate 4,5-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + zeatin = L-lupinate + acetate + H+.


positive regulation of mannotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.


homogentisate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogentisate.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-ManNAcA-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol = H+ + alpha-D-FucNAc4-(1->4)-beta-D-ManNAcA-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-undecaprenyl diphosphate + dTDP.


sperm migration through the uterotubal junction

The controlled self-propelled movement of a sperm cell from the uterus through the uterotubal junction (UTJ) into the oviduct, where interaction between the sperm and the UTJ acts as a major selective barrier for sperm, allowing only living, motile, uncapacitated, morphologically normal sperm with intact acrosomes to pass from the uterus into the oviduct.


regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


lymphoid lineage cell migration

The orderly movement of a lymphoid lineage cell from one site to another. A lymphoid lineage cell, also called a lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell, is a progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage.


fused antrum stage

The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces fuse to form a single antral space. The oocyte is suspended in the cumulus oophorous and the first polar body in the perivitelline space.


ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NADP+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADPH.


enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


glycerol to glycerone phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, is converted to glycerone phosphate.


negative regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of ammonia by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with ammonia as a substrate.


quinaldate 4-oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinaldate = AH(2) + kynurenate.


ajugose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 verbascose = ajugose + stachyose.


phosphogluco-amylopectin water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + a 6-phosphogluco-amylopectin = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-3-phosphogluco-amylopectin.


p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate or quinate ester of p-coumaric acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = caffeic acid conjugate (caffeoyl shikimic acid or chlorogenic acid) + H2O + NADP+.


neuron remodeling

The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


G protein-coupled pyrimidinergic nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


endothelial tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


C-5 sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.


dATP binding

Binding to dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate.


negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


naringenin 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin + NADPH + O2 = 2-hydroxynaringenin + NADP + H2O.


typhasterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: typhasterol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = castasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


3-ketopimelyl-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA + CoA = glutaryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.


flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: a flavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O, and a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3',5'-dihydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.


ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and EGFR. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in bone trabecula morphogenesis

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that contributes to bone trabecula morphogenesis.


Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of imine intermediates formed by several types of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent dehydratases, such as EC 4.3.1.19 and EC 4.3.1.17.


terpentetriene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: terpentedienyl diphosphate = diphosphate + terpentetriene.


funalenone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of funalenone.


transition metal ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of transition metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule norepinephrine.


uronic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Uronic acids are any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.


relaxation of skeletal muscle

A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases.


regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases or internal mixed function oxidases)

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and one oxygen atom is incorporated into a donor.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent xanthine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) + O2 + xanthine = CO2 + succinate + urate.


catechol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol.


mannan binding

Binding to mannan.


vitamin D 23-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-23 of any form of vitamin D.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine.


homoserine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-arabinofuranoside residues in alpha-L-arabinosides.


negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.


dATP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = 2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide.


cone photoresponse recovery

The processes required for a cone photoreceptor to recover, following light activation, so that it can respond to a subsequent light stimulus. Cone recovery requires the shutoff of active participants in the phototransduction cascade, including the visual pigment and downstream signal transducers.


tryparedoxin peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryparedoxin + hydrogen peroxide = tryparedoxin disulfide + H2O.


regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.


response to azide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


fatty acid derivative binding

Binding to fatty acid derivative.


thioether S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + dimethyl sulfide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylsulfonium.


fatty acid primary amide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform primary fatty amides.


superior salivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


germ-line cyst formation

Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single gonial founder cell.


Delta8-sphingolipid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytosphingosine(1+) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 4-hydroxy-trans-8-sphingenine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


renal outer medulla development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.


establishment of competence for transformation

The process in which a naturally transformable bacterium acquires the ability to take up exogenous DNA. This term should be applied only to naturally transformable bacteria, and should not be used in the context of artificially induced bacterial transformation.


negative phototaxis

The directed movement of a cell or organism away from a source of light.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-demethylstaurosporine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + staurosporine.


positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


emodin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emodin.


biogenic amine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


sphingomyelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.


positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = H+ + N(omega)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + UDP.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


negative regulation of mating type switching

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.


bacitracin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacitracin A.


annealing activity

An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded polynucleotide molecule.


regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


allose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-allose = ADP + D-allose 6-phosphate.


regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


positive regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.


pyranose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: pyranose + acceptor = 2-dehydropyranose (or 3-dehydropyranose or 2,3-didehydropyranose) + reduced acceptor, and a pyranoside + acceptor = a 3-dehydropyranoside (or 3,4-didehydropyranoside) + reduced acceptor.


outer medullary collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla.


cross bridge formation involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

The process in which actin and myosin interact, split ATP and generate force during skeletal muscle contraction. This process is one of the components of the regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction.


cellular response to carcinoembryonic antigen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carcinoembryonic antigen stimulus. The carcinoembryonic antigens represent a family of glycoproteins.


superior olivary nucleus maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


bisphenol A hydroxylase A activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.


4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + amino group acceptor = succinate semialdehyde + amino acid.


negative regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


carbon-nitrogen ligase activity on lipid II

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + lipid II + ATP + H2O = L-glutamate + beta-D-GlcNAc(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-D-isoGln-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphospho-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenol + ADP + phosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + CoA + H+.


cell dedifferentiation involved in phenotypic switching

A cell dedifferentiation process that is a part of a reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations.


beta-endorphin receptor activity

Combining with beta-endorphin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Beta-endorphin is a peptide, 31 amino acids long, resulting from processing of the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC).


convergent extension involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.


galacturonokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galacturonate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate + ADP + 2 H+.


serine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methoxyfuranocoumarin.


linoleate 9R-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = 9(R)-HPODE.


regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


adaxial/abaxial axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


chemorepulsion of axon

The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


homospermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 putrescine = NH3 + sym-homospermidine.


regulation of maternal process involved in parturition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.


oligopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.


pyoverdine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyoverdine.


phosphatidylethanolamine binding

Binding to a phosphatidylethanolamine, a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


cyclohexylsulfamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexylsulfamate, also known as cyclamic acid. Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate (CHS-Na) was a widely used sweetening agent but was banned because of the suspicion of carcinogenicity and metabolic conversion to cyclohexylamine (CHA), a toxic substance. It is now used as a fungicide.


second mitotic wave involved in compound eye morphogenesis

A discrete cell cycle in the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia.


cerebellar Purkinje cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Purkinje cells. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.


angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream.


metanephric early distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.


CoA-glutathione reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glutathione + NADP+ = CoA-glutathione + NADPH + H+.


glutamate-methylamine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + methylammonium = N(5)-methyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


cyclohexanol oxidation

The cyclohexanol metabolic process in which cyclohexanol is converted to adipate.


regulation of cilium beat frequency

Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


orthogonal dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis

The process in which a lung bud bifurcates perpendicular to the plane of the previous bud.


oospore formation

The process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form an oospore, a thick-walled resting spore of Oomycetes and certain algae and fungi.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine = UDP + procollagen 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine.


taxadiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + taxa-4,11-diene.


scopoletin 8-hydroxylase activity

Catalyzes of the reaction: scopoletin + 2-oxoglutarate+O2=fraxetin +succinate+ CO2).


cuticle pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


AMPA glutamate receptor activity

An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.


regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


RNA guanosine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a guanosine nucleotide.


benzoate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + ATP + amino acid = benzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


negative regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.


lung secretory cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung secretory cell. A lung secretory cell is a specialized epithelial cell of the lung that contains large secretory granules in its apical part.


acetylcholine binding

Binding to acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.


metanephric cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros.


galactonolactone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


sodium:inorganic phosphate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + inorganic phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + inorganic phosphate(in).


regulation of potassium ion import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import.


response to dopamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.


aerobic organosilicon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the presence of oxygen.


intestinal motility

Contractions of the intestinal tract that include peristalsis (moving contents onward) and non-peristaltic movement (moving contents back and forth).


positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


epidermal growth factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: demethylspheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + spheroidene.


maintenance of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell by rhodopsin mediated signaling

Maintenance of the excited state of a photoreceptor cell to produce a steady-state current as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.


NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + a quinone = NADP+ + a quinol.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland.


regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


L-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


abietadienal hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: abietal + NADPH + O2 = abietate + NADP + H2O.


fatty acid alpha-oxidation

A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.


carnitine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-carnitine = L-carnitine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha)-campestan-3-one + NADP = H+ + campest-4-en-3-one + NADPH.


reelin receptor activity

Combining with the secreted glycoprotein reelin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.


DNA-templated transcription open complex formation

Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


linoleic acid binding

Binding to linoleic acid, the 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid.


flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


regulation of ornithine catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.


glutamine family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate = phosphate + N-acylneuraminate 9-phosphate.


negative regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.


alkylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


cellular response to cold

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


L-phenylalanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-phenylalanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-phenylalanine is 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


ovary septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovary septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovary septum is the thin partition that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s).


2-furoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoyl-CoA + A + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-furoyl-CoA + AH(2) + H+.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration and is sensitive to the plant alkaloid ryanodine.


regulation of timing of subpallium neuron differentiation

The process controlling the timing and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell in the subpallium acquires features of a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


trichoblast maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trichoblast cell to attain its fully functional state.


chorismate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.


positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.


aerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + phosphate = beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP.


octopamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside.


mRNA N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in mRNA + acetyl-CoA + ATP + H2O = ADP + an N(4)-acetylcytidine in mRNA + CoA + H+ + phosphate.


cytoskeletal rearrangement involved in phagocytosis, engulfment

The assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that modulates trichoblast fate specification.


non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-canonical inflammasome complex.


carnitine O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the carnitine molecule.


salivary gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.


positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein N-methyl-L-glutamine.


regulation of cellular response to hypoxia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.


carotenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


establishment of blood-brain barrier

Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.


siRNA binding

Binding to a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.


swim bladder development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


interleukin-10 production

The appearance of interleukin-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


tri-(feruloyl or hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on triferuloyl spermidine or any of its mono- or di-(hydroxyferuloyl)-spermidine derivatives.


intracellular arginine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of arginine within a cell.


establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate + NADH + oxygen + H+ = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + NAD+ + H2O.


regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.


limb epidermis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis of the limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium.


selenate adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: selenic acid + ATP + 2 H+ = adenylyl selenate + diphosphoric acid.


3-chlorobenzoate-4,5-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-4,5-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


gamma-terpinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = gamma-terpinene + diphosphoric acid.


CP2 mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine phosphate + Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R = Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-6-P-EtN-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R; R is Man-alpha(1,4)-GlcNH2-inositol-PO4-lipid. This reaction is the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to C6 of second mannose in the GPI lipid precursor CP2.


phylloquinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.


NAD+- protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 4-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-aspartyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine.


regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.


regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.


isoitalicene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) = diphosphoric acid + (+)-isoitalicene.


clearance of damaged tissue involved in inflammatory response wound healing

The series of events leading to removal of necrotic debris that contribute to an inflammatory response.


syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate.


baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

The increase in nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of increased pressure on an artery that results in an inhibition of sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.


protein localization to microtubule organizing center

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microtubule organizing center.


negative regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate + CMP.


actin polymerization-dependent cell-to-cell migration in host

The directional movement of an organism, usually a bacterial cell, from one place to another within its host organism, by a process involving continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the symbiont cell. Some bacteria use host actin for migration from cell to cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


circadian sleep/wake cycle

The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.


mesonephric connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NADP+ = 4-methylcatechol + NADPH + H+ + CO2.


glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with the conversion of glutamine to glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC:1.4.1.13).


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.


L-cysteate sulfo-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteate + H2O = NH4 + pyruvate + sulfite.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


lipoprotein localization to membrane

A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.


propanediol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol = H2O + propanal.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with a disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-allose + NAD(P) = dTDP-(2R,6S)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-olate + 2 H+ + NAD(P)H.


violaxanthin oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin + 2 O2 = 2 5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-9-apo-beta-caroten-9-one + 4,9-dimethyldodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenedial.


transforming growth factor beta1 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) from its latent state.


dATP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dATP + H2O = dAMP + H+ + diphosphate.


arginine 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + O2 = 4-guanidinobutanamide + CO2 + H2O.


chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation

The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the chitin-based larval cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


cellular response to vitamin B1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.


coenzyme A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


ribonuclease E activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at 5 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.


flavonoid glucuronidation

The modification of a flavonoid by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant flavonoid glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the precursor.


arginine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H+ = agmatine + CO2.


asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation

The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that contributes to the establishment of epithelial cell polarity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


octopamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.


response to glucocorticoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


GAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAG codon.


metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.


ABC-type sodium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na(in) = ADP + phosphate + Na(out).


recognition of apoptotic cell

The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.


protein amidation

Addition of an amide group from a glycine to a protein amino acid.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.


somatic diversification of FREP-based immune receptors

The process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the FREP-based immune receptors of snails.


lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lipo-chitin oligosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a satellite cell.


[choline trimethylamine-lyase]-activating enzyme activity

Catalyzes the activation of choline trimethylamine-lyase by generation of an organic free radical on a glycine residue via a homolytic cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM).


ganglion mother cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of host TYK2 activity

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism by reducing the activity of host TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2). TYK2 is an intracellular signal-transducing tyrosine kinase involved in numerous cytokines and interferons signaling pathways and transmits the cytokine signal by phosphorylating receptor subunits.


cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis

The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.


suppression of blood coagulation in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.


negative regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


convergent extension involved in nephron morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.


response to fenofibrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fenofibrate stimulus.


The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate.


catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.


nitrobenzene 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrobenzene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + nitrite + catechol.


pilus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of all-trans-neoxanthin.


indole-3-acetic acid amido synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetic acid + an amino acid = an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate.


viral release via disruption of host peptidoglycan cell wall

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus hydrolyzing the peptidoglycan cell wall of the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell communication

The process that mediates interactions between an SA node cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the SA node cardiomyocyte communicating with an atrial cardiomyocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate + NAD(P)+ = oxalureate + NAD(P)H + H+.


cellular response to abscisic acid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.


response to anion stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of anion stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of negatively charged ions in the environment.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.


ascaroside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascaroside.


viral release via pore formation in host cell membrane

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the formation by the virus of pores in its host cell membrane.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-dependent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C.


posterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.


lacto-N-biosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + beta-D-Gal-(1,3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1,3)-beta-D-Gal-(1,4)-D-Glc = beta-D-Gal-(1,4)-D-Glc + beta-D-Gal-(1,3)-D-GlcNAc.


interleukin-35 production

The appearance of interleukin-35 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


iron-cytochrome-c reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome c + Fe3+ = ferricytochrome c + Fe2+.


metamorphosis

A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


6,7-dihydropteridine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine = NADPH + H+ + 6,7-dihydropteridine.


Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cholest-4-en-3-one + NADH + H+ + O2 = 26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + NAD+ + H2O. This reaction involves the hydroxylation of the C26 carbon, followed by oxidation of the alcohol to the carboxylic acid via the aldehyde intermediate.


myxococcal fruiting body development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myxococcal fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins when myxococci respond to a lack of nutrients in the environment and ends when the myxococcal fruiting body is a mature structure.


protein C-terminal S-isoprenylcysteine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester.


plant-type cell wall modification involved in stomatal movement

Any plant-type cell wall modification that is involved in stomatal movement.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in kidney development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


positive regulation of uredospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.


hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroquinone + O2 = cis,trans-4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde.


The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


inulin fructotransferase (DFA-III-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride (DFA III) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.


negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


serotonin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R,4R)-4,2'-dihydroxyisoflavan + NADP+ = a (3R)-2'-hydroxyisoflavanone + H+ + NADPH.


ADP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ADP = AMP + 3 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


D-xylose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-xylose (the naturally occurring enantiomer is always D-) is a constituent of plant polysaccharides.


oligodendrocyte cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of cellotriose metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.


uropod organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a uropod, a rigid membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a lymphocyte or other cell in the process of migrating or being activated.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell endomembrane system

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host endomembrane system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


negative regulation of urine volume

Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


establishment of thoracic bristle planar orientation

Orientation along the body surface of bristles, sensory organs originating from a sensory organ precursor cell, such that they all point in a uniform direction.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan binding

Binding to (1->6)-beta-D-glucan.


neuromuscular process controlling balance

Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors.


2-methylcitrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oxaloacetate + propanoyl-CoA = (2R,3S)-2-methylcitrate + CoA + H+.


positive regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that increases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced pteridine and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


positive regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.


L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + polyprenylpyrophosphate = dimethylmenaquinone + diphosphate + CO2.


negative regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


regulation of lymphatic vascular permeability

Any process that modulates the extent to which lymphatic vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


carnitinamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitinamide + H2O = (R)-carnitine + NH4.


intracellular borate homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of tetrahydroxoborate within a cell.


arginine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-arginine + tRNA(Arg) = AMP + diphosphate + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg).


cellular response to papulacandin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.


acetaldehyde catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.


negative regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.


FAD binding

Binding to the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


ventral spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output.


positive regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


Catalysis of the reaction: genkwanin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


response to sodium dodecyl sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-allysine + L-glutamate + H+ + NADPH.


short-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.


L-ascorbic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


endosperm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo.


galacturonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galacturonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Galacturonate is the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


establishment of pigment granule localization

The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate + L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.


regulation of astrocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glucose binding to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


delta12-fatty-acid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-CoA + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = linoleoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor. This microsomal enzyme introduces a cis double bond at position 12 of fatty-acyl-CoAs that contain a cis double bond at position 9.


coenzyme A diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:an acyl-coenzyme A or its derivatives + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 4'-phosphopantetheine. This reaction can also use coenzyme A as a substrate.


thalamus development

The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state.


vesicle docking

The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.


olfactory learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.


isoprenoid diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the dephosphorylation of isoprenoid diphosphates.


protein ufmylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to another protein.


cell proliferation involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve.


positive regulation of macrophage activation

Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.


trichome papilla formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a trichome papilla.


short-day photoperiodism, flowering

A change from vegetative to reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that falls short of the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.


trehalase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of trehalose or a trehalose derivative.


renal system segmentation

The regionalization process that divides an the renal system into a series of segments along its proximal/distal axis.


low-affinity zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Zn2+ = Zn2+, probably powered by proton motive force. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


negative regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.


atrazine chlorohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + H2O = 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride + H+.


pentitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


leaf shaping

The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


negative regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.


drought recovery

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition.


negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to somitogenesis.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-aci-nitropropanoate + H2O + O2 = 3-oxopropanoate + H2O2 + nitrite.


threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. The threonyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a threonine-accetping tRNA.


skeletal muscle satellite cell commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


response to Gentian violet

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.


maltose O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + maltose = CoA + acetyl-maltose.


proton binding

Binding to proton.


Catalysis of the reaction: Watasenia luciferin + O2 = oxidized Watasenia luciferin + CO2 + light.


pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment accumulation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in pigment accumulation.


regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.


acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + H2O = a carboxylate + CoA + H+.


methyl-CpNpN binding

Binding to a methylated cytosine/unspecified/unspecified trinucleotide.


hepatoblast apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a hepatoblast.


telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage

Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short or damaged telomeres.


negative regulation of glycine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import into a cell.


o-orsellinic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-orsellinic acid.


dextrin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 + NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = NAD(P)+ + H2O + CO2 + 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene.


angiotensin-activated signaling pathway involved in heart process

An angiotensin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.


histone pre-mRNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a conserved stem-loop structure found in histone pre-mRNAs.


fasciculation of sensory neuron axon

The collection of sensory neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (feruloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose = pelargonidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + ferulate + H+.


lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear.


negative regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


Catalysis of the reaction:(+)-amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = (+)-artemisinate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


shoot apical meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a shoot apical meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


red, far-red light phototransduction

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.


protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine

The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = L-methionine + tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


protein xylosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to the serine hydroxyl group of an acceptor protein substrate.


positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.


nicotinamide riboside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.


interleukin-15 production

The appearance of interleukin-15 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of cardiocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by trans-synaptic protein complex.


structural constituent of chitin-based larval cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a larva. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


DIBOA-glucoside oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = TRIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + succinate + carbon dioxide.


glycosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


sugar mediated signaling pathway

The process in which a change in the level of a mono- or disaccharide such as glucose, fructose or sucrose triggers the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


prenyl-FMNH2 binding

Binding to prenyl-FMNH2, a flavin mononucleotide obtained by prenylation of the N-10 position of FMNH2 followed by cyclisation. An essential cofactor for the decarboxylase enzymes UbiD and Fdc1.


p-cumate 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: p-cumate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate.


response to type II interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.


positive regulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


regulation of tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


methylglutamate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-L-glutamate + A + H2O = L-glutamate + AH(2) + formaldehyde.


maintenance of seed dormancy by absisic acid

The process by which seed dormancy is maintained by the presence of absisic acid.


tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + ATP + tRNA(Tyr) = L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a vascular smooth muscle cell (a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


glucan 1,4-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-glucans, to remove successive glucose units.


club cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a club cell. A club cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.


abducens nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


polysome binding

Binding to a polysome.


divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = divinyl chlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) to form 24(R),25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.


response to codeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a codeine stimulus.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenylglycerophosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerophosphocholine + CoA.


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.


C21-steroid hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.


cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD(P)+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


negative regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.


tetrahydrodictyopterin binding

Binding to tetrahydrodictyopterin, the pterin 2-amino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one.


endoribonuclease activity, cleaving siRNA-paired mRNA

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an siRNA, yielding 5'-phosphomonoesters.


sieve element differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve element.


negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide = N-methylaniline + formaldehyde.


limonene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of a monooxygenase reaction in which oxygen is incorporated into limonene.


neurotrophin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Neurotrophins are a family of secreted growth factors that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.


aspartoacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-L-aspartate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-aspartate.


acyl binding

Binding to an acyl group, any group formally derived by removal of the hydroxyl group from the acid function of a carboxylic acid.


acquisition of mycelium reproductive competence

A maturation process by which an organism acquires the ability to reproduce. In fungi, reproductive competence only occurs in a population of filamentous cells that form a mycelium.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.


subpallium cell migration

The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the subpallium.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-N-methylcoclaurine.


positive regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + H2O + acceptor = (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + reduced acceptor.


establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction

The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.


ovarian follicle endowment

Association of oocytes with supporting epithelial granulosa cells to form primordial follicles.


positive regulation of age-related resistance

Any process that activates or increases the extent of age-related resistance.


Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the exohydrolysis of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2).


carbohydrate storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


ciliary basal body segregation

The process in which the duplicated basal bodies migrate in pairs to the mitotic poles of the nucleus and results in equal distribution in the daughter cells. Ciliary basal body segregation ensures inheritance of the duplicated mitochondrial DNA to the two daughter cells in the Trypanosoma parasites.


fungal sorus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fungal sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fungal sorus is a spore containing structure.


5-methylcytosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


renal vesicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


cellular response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


maintenance of dense core granule location

Any process in which a dense core granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


regulation of arginine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hydrocarbon, a compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.