lipid III floppase activity

Enables the transbilayer of capsular-polysaccharides (Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (lipid III)) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane during the assembly of ECA. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


D-xylulose reductase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + xylitol = D-xylulose + H+ + NADH.


head morphogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


orthodenticle mRNA localization

Any process in which orthodenticle mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo as part of the process that will specify the anterior/posterior axis.


tricyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


candicidin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving candicidin.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine-4-nitroanilide + H2O = 4-nitroaniline + N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine + H+.


citrate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + CoA = (3S)-citryl-CoA + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system

Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions.


mesonephric podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


mucilage extrusion from seed coat

The process in which seed mucilage expands through hydration and breaks the outer cell wall that encapsulates the whole seed upon imbibition. Mucilage, mainly composed of pectins, is formed during seed development and deposited into the apoplast underneath the outer wall of the seed coat.


arsenite methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + arsenite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methylarsonate.


negative regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


N-cyclopropylmelamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insect growth regulator insecticide.


pole plasm protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


tricellular tight junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tricellular tight junction.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a cis-keto-C60-meroacyl-[acp] = diphosphoric acid + a cis-keto-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


cell-cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions

The attachment of cells to one another to form groups of cells involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration.


negative regulation of growth factor dependent skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


regulation of kidney size

Any process that modulates the size of a kidney.


response to psychosocial stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to aversive or demanding psychological and social conditions that tax or exceed the behavioral resources of the organism.


phenylalanine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


diphthine-ammonia ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphthine + NH4 = ADP + diphthamide + H+ + phosphate.


positive regulation of amoeboid sperm motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = L-xylulose 5-phosphate.


determination of bilateral symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.


regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.


Catalysis of the dimethylation of two adjacent adenine residues in a rRNA, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus.


mesonephric glomerulus development

The progression of the mesonephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros.


carboxymethylhydantoinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-5-carboxymethylhydantoin + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+.


assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the large subunit precursor of the preribosome.


enucleate erythrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


eye blink reflex

The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.


glycerol ether biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


starch utilization system complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the starch utilization system complex, a complex of cell envelope-associated proteins that degrades glycan.


sodium ion binding

Binding to a sodium ion (Na+).


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-acylphosphoadenosine + H2O = AMP + a carboxylate.


hydrotropism

Growth or movement in a sessile organism toward or away from water, as of the roots of a plant.


negative regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase III promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase III.


DNA-templated transcription termination

The completion of transcription: the RNA polymerase pauses, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, followed by the release of the RNA polymerase from its DNA template.


defasciculation of motor neuron axon

Separation of a motor axon away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA + 4 H+ = 7-methyl-3-oxooct-6-enoyl-CoA + acetate.


4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-cresol + acceptor + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + reduced acceptor.


eosinophil activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


pigment accumulation in tissues in response to UV light

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


positive regulation of mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (sinapoyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + trans-sinapate + H+.


long-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.


PKR/eIFalpha signaling

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An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with activation and autophosphorylation of PKR (also known as EIF2AK2), which phosphorylates proteins including the translation initiation factor eIF2 to inhibit translation. PKR is activated by stress signals and during the antiviral response, activated by binding to viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) leading to inhibition of protein synthesis during viral infection.


positive regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


charged-tRNA amino acid modification

The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.


negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


positive regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


contact guidance

Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.


regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


negative regulation of glomerular filtration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


double fertilization forming two zygotes

Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates. An example of this process is found in the Gnetophytes, such as Welwitschia mirabilis.


photoreceptor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridinylation

The process whereby a wobble base uridine residue in a tRNA is modified to 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine.


envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


GABAergic neuron differentiation in basal ganglia

The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic inhibitory neuron in the basal ganglia. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a GABAergic neuron.


curcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA(4-) + H2O = curcumin + 2 coenzyme A(4-) + carbon dioxide.


regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.


interneuron-substratum interaction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The process in which migrating interneurons interact with an external substratum as a component of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


neuroblast division in subpallium

The division of neuroblasts in the subpallium area of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include GABAergic interneurons and will migrate tangentially.


positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


proximal/distal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


cellular response to ketone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus.


regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.


maintenance of protein localization in organelle

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.


(3R)-citramalyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA.


angelicin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: columbianetin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = angelicin + acetone + NADP + 2 H2O.


regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


labial disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the labial disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a labial imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including parts of the proboscis.


threonine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-homoserine + H2O = L-threonine + phosphate.


positive regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


high-affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


petal epidermis patterning

The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the cells in the petal epidermis.


bacillithiol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.


metanephric long descending thin limb bend development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros.


regulation of galactotriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.


6-carboxyhexanoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + pimelate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + pimelyl-CoA.


apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


high-density lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.


longitudinal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.


notochord cell vacuolation

The assembly and arrangement of a vacuole within a cell of the notochord.


isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


regulation of fucose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.


positive regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment.


glycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerol = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


beta-curcumene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) = diphosphoric acid + (-)-beta-curcumene.


negative regulation of protein import into nucleus during spindle assembly checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves inhibition of the karyopherin/importin Kap121p (also known as Pse1p), which acts as the specific nuclear import receptor for several proteins, including Glc7p. Glc7p functions in opposition to key spindle assembly checkpoint protein Aurora kinase (Ipl1p).


prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


suppression of platelet aggregation in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in a second organism.


regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation.


flavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


ubiquitin recycling

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell by recycling ubiquitin from proteasome-bound ubiquitinated intermediates.


glucosaminate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosaminate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NH3.


pentose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


outer ear unfolding

The opening and spreading out of the outer ear.


suppression by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


coronary sinus valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


negative regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.


response to water

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADH.


regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


peptidyl-lysine butyrylation

The butyrylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Butyryl is the univalent radical C3H7COO- derived from butyric acid.


insecticide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.


polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + ferricytochrome c = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + ferrocytochrome c + H+.


regulation of timing of anagen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


regulation of tocopherol cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tocopherol cyclase activity.


histidine catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


fruit ripening, non-climacteric

A fruit ripening process that does not involve a respiratory burst.


regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


citronellal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellal + NAD+ + OH- = citronellate + NADH + H+.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


positive regulation of inosine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


depsipeptide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.


cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


modulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


protein localization to Mei2 nuclear dot

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Mei2 nuclear dot.


pollen maturation

The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.


phospholipid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell.


modification of dendritic spine

Any process that modifies the structure of a dendritic spine.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + n-hexane = (1-methylpentyl)succinate.


anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


murein hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a peptidoglycan dimer (generic) = a lipid II + GlcNAc-1,6-anhydro-MurNAc-pentapeptide.


tauropine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + tauropine = H+ + NADH + pyruvate + taurine.


regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


blood vessel endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a blood vessel endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a blood vessel endothelial cell.


regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.


astrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


maintenance of reproductive diapause

The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


positive regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


dimethylmalate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.


post-embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.


isopentenyladenine UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N(6)-dimethylallyladenine = H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-N(6)-isopentenyladenine + UDP.


ADP binding

Binding to ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and flavin acts as an electron acceptor.


ACA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACA codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-resveratrol = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + pterostilbene + 2 H+.


negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.


2-methylcitrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene = 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


juvenile hormone mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a juvenile hormone binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


chondroitin AC lyase activity

Catalysis of the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups.


calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source

The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.


12-oxophytodienoate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl}cyclopentyl]octanoate + NADP+ = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate + H+ + NADPH.


mandelonitrile lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mandelonitrile = cyanide + benzaldehyde.


calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial baroreceptor feedback

A process that controls blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the atria.


lung ciliated cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains cilia for moving substances released from lung secretory cells.


cyclo-ligase activity

Catalysis of the joining of two groups within a single molecule via a carbon-nitrogen bond, forming heterocyclic ring, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


prostate induction

The close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.


5'-3' RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of an RNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + DCPIP+ = DCPIPH + H+ + (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene.


negative regulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


pupariation

The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis.


non-proteinogenic amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-proteinogenic amino acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon + H2O = 2-oxobut-3-enanoate + 2,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methylpyridine.


nuclear membrane biogenesis

The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.


emodin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emodin.


mitochondrial single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type mitochondrial RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


dihydrobunolol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrobunolol + NADP+ = bunolol + H+ + NADPH.


antipodal cell degeneration

The process in which the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death.


tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.


determination of radial symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or a part of an organism such that it is symmetric around a central axis.


metencephalon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized.


positive regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


chloroplast RNA modification

Any RNA modification that takes place in chloroplast.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate + formate + H+.


positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3-D-glucuronosyl-N2-,6-disulfo-beta-D-glucosamine = glucuronate + N2,6-disulfo-D-glucosamine.


2-indanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-isochromanone.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth

Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair.


eoxin C4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin A4 + glutathione = eoxin C4.


N-acetylglucosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of response to water deprivation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation.


histone H3K14 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 3 at the lysine-14 residue.


signal transduction involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

The series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + carbamic acid.


positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.


embryonic nail plate morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits.


regulation of turning behavior involved in mating

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


ovarian follicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proepicardium cell migration involved in pericardium morphogenesis

The coordinated movement of a mesenchymal proepicardial cell to the surface of the developing heart.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in fungal-type cell wall disassembly

The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the fungal-type cell wall.


nitrobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.


error-free translesion synthesis

The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level.


cyclooxygenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2.


cellular response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


regulation of anoikis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential

Any action potential process that regulates skeletal muscle contraction.


cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis

A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N).


ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + oxygen = 2 H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al.


1,3-alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in glycoproteins.


negative regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


vacuole-ER tethering

The attachment of a lytic vacuole to the endoplasmic reticulum, which may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


interleukin-29 production

The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


mesonephric mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


response to erythromycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.


regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.


class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of an AP site 3' of the baseless site by a beta-lyase mechanism, leaving an unsaturated aldehyde, termed a 3'-(4-hydroxy-5-phospho-2-pentenal) residue, and a 5'-phosphate.


5-aminolevulinic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-aminolevulinic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


undecaprenyl-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol + UMP.


positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


formation of tubovesicular network for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a symbiont-induced complex organelle that comprises of multiple protein and lipid domains for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ovarian follicle atresia

A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter.


histamine production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


vacuole fusion

Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole.


cellular response to high light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


2-oxoglutaramate amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaramate + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.


poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin + UDP-D-galactose = cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside betaine + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-ACP + L-tryptophan + ATP = cyclo-acetoacetyl-L-tryptophan + AMP + diphosphoric acid + 2 H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


cellular response to light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + H2O + H+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NH4.


tobramycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tobramycin.


regulation of thalamus size

Any process that modulates the size of the thalamus. The thalamus is a part of the diencephalon that is composed of the dorsal thalamus and the ventral thalamus.


embryonic heart tube formation

The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


myoblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a myoblast into daughter cells. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line.


response to iron(III) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.


protein localization to phagophore assembly site

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the phagophore assembly site (PAS).


jasmonic acid hydrolase

Catalyzes the hydroxylation of jasmonic acid to 12OH-jasmonic acid.


transitional one stage B cell differentiation

The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste

The series of events required for a salty taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


1-deoxy-D-xylulose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose + ATP = H+ + 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GTP = lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine + diphosphate.


regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + dehydroabietadienol + NADPH + O2 = dehydroabietadiene-diol + NADP + H2O.


mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


negative regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.


terpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups.


regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.


extracellular vesicle biogenesis

The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content.


pheromone response MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade containing at least the Fus3 MAP kinase. It starts with the activation of Ste20, a MAP4K, which activates Ste11, a MAP3K, which in turn activate Ste7, a MAP2K, which activates Fus3. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. This MAPK cascade is triggered by a pheromone activating its G protein-coupled receptor, and results in cellular responses that lead to conjugation with cellular fusion.


peptidyl-histidine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-AMP-histidine, pros-AMP-histidine).


pilus assembly

The assembly from its constituent parts of a pilus, a short filamentous structure of bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that depends on direct conversion of the phosphatidyl-base phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine by successive methylations.


leg disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.


embryonic appendage morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


D-arabinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. D-arabinose occurs in plant glycosides and is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.


prephenate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prephenate = phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2.


Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose on to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming a beta-1,4-D-glucosyl-D-glucose linkage.


regulation of intracellular sterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.


cell-cell adhesion involved in neuronal-glial interactions involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The interaction between two cells that modulates the association of a neuronal cell and a glial cell involved in glial-mediated radial cell migration in the cerebral cortex.


L-3-cyanoalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + HCN = sulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine.


cellular response to ammonium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.


apelin receptor activity

Combining with the peptide apelin to initiate a change in cell activity.


resveratrol binding

Binding to resveratrol.


negative regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


BLOC-2 complex binding

Binding to a BLOC-2 complex, a protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules.


camphor 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-camphor + putidaredoxin + O2 = (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor + oxidized putidaredoxin + H2O.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via regulation of action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD(P)+ + CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = NAD(P)H + CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + a glucosyl-glycogenin = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-glucosyl glucogenin + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of secondary growth

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.


phenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.


negative regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


fermentation

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, coupling the oxidation and reduction of NAD/H and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


mitomycin C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitomycin C.


ammonia kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NH4 = ADP + 3 H+ + phosphoramidate.


suppression by virus of host ISG15-protein conjugation

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 conjugation to a susbtrate. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to lysine residues on various target proteins. Viruses escape from the antiviral activity of ISG15 by using different mechanisms; the influenza B virus NS1 protein for instance blocks the covalent linkage of ISG15 to its target proteins by directly interacting with ISG15. The papain-like protease from the coronavirus cleaves ISG15 derivatives.


Catalysis of the reaction: poly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucosylpoly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP.


adenylyl-sulfate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + AMP + 2 H+ + sulfite = adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + AH2.


peptidyl-aspartic acid phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid.


P granule disassembly

The disaggregation of a P granule into its constituent components.


coreceptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.


brassinosteroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.


negative regulation of synergid differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.


gibberellin A19, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A19 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = H+ + gibberellin A20 + 2 carbon dioxide + succinate.


cell fate commitment involved in pattern specification

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type.


tRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


trihydroxystilbene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene + 4 CO2.


phthalyl amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a phthalylamide = phthalate + substituted amine.


sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


positive regulation of response to acetate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid = (1R,6S)-6-ammonio-5-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate.


cardiac septum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.


leukocyte adhesive activation

The activation of loosely bound or rolling leukocytes by signals displayed on blood vessel endothelial cells, which is typically the second step in cellular extravasation.


fat cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a fat cell.


regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process.


endochondral ossification

Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.


folic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


1-butanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.


positive regulation of cell killing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.


adenosylcobinamide kinase (GTP-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + GTP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP + H+.


hexanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hexanoyl (CH3-[CH2]4-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


positive regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.


glutamine family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


skeletal muscle fiber development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


dorsal root ganglion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a dorsal root ganglion is generated and organized.


negative regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


P-type calcium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(out).


dolichyl pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA uridine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + tRNA 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-uridine.


neuron-glial cell signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a neuron to a glial cell. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules released by different types of neurons, e.g. glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, dopamine and adenosine.


positive regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


plant seed peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R1H + R2OOH = R1OH + R2OH.


D-aspartate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


cyclic nucleotide-activated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


Casparian strip assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Casparian strip, a region of plant cell wall specialised to act as a seal to prevent back leakage of secreted material.


subthalamus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis.


translational frameshifting

A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon.


negative regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.


negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


regulation of natural killer cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.


cellular response to 3-methylcholanthrene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3-methylcholanthrene stimulus.


ventriculo bulbo valve development

The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to leukotriene B4

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukotriene B4 stimulus.


regulation of metaphase plate congression

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of metaphase plate congression, the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + kaempferol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + kaempferide.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate + NADH + H+.


vinorine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 16-epivellosimine + acetyl-CoA = CoA + vinorine.


radial axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point.


acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seed

The process in which a seed acquires tolerance to severe drying, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.


cellular response to boron-containing substance deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of boron obtained from boron-containing substances.


receptor-mediated bacteriophage irreversible attachment to host cell

The processes by which a bacteriophage initially commits to infection by binding the host receptor irreversibly. Disruption of the phage:cell complex at this step results in the loss of infective phage virions since the process is characterized by conformational changes of bacteriophage head and tail proteins and injection of bacteriophage proteins into the infected cell.


establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a aspartyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


geraniol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of geraniol.


regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = tetradecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


NuRD complex binding

Binding to a NuRD complex.


rhombomere 2 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


negative regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


biological process involved in interaction with symbiont

An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term symbiont is used for the smaller (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.


inhibition of host DNA replication by virus

Any process by which a virus inhibits DNA replication in its host cell. Some bacteriophages are known to do this, possibly as a way of increasing the pool of nucleotides available for virus replication.


acyl-CoA delta5-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA) and add a fourth double bond (a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA).


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glucose binding to a G protein-coupled receptor, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


myofibroblast cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a myofibroblast cell.


regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is a two step reaction. The first step is: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP+ + H2O. The second step is a spontaneous reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine + H2O + NADP+.


cellular response to muramyl dipeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


folic acid-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives.


negative regulation of somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.


peripheral nervous system non-myelinated axon ensheathment

The process in which a non-myelinating Schwann cell membrane encircles an axon in the peripheral nervous system. A single non-myelinating Schwann cell will typically associate with multiple axons.


potassium ion binding

Binding to a potassium ion (K+).


fatty-acyl-CoA binding

Binding to a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group.


lipoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoate.


loganate O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + loganate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + loganin.


negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.


dihydronicotinamide riboside quinone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone = 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide + a hydroquinone.


sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-).


cellular response to pulsatile fluid shear stress

Any response to pulsatile fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.


cholestenol delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = 5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.


negative regulation of chondrocyte development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


peptidyl-histidine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-histidine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-histidine + succinate + CO2.


primary amino compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound.


positive regulation of chemokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.


alanylglutamate dipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-alanine + L-glutamate.


serotonin-gated cation-selective signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by serotonin binding to a seratonin receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-proline.


'de novo' cotranslational protein folding

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated.


oxidative RNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a RNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.


positive regulation of female gonad development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate + NAD+ = 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + H+ + NADH.


B cell deletion

The apoptotic death of B cells which is part of B cell tolerance induction.


violaceol II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol II.


gibberellic acid homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation.


mycothiol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


UDP-glucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


protein-arginine omega-N asymmetric methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the same terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that was previously methylated, resulting in asymmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethylated arginine residues.


neural fold bending

The morphogenesis of the neural fold elevations that results in the movement of the tips of the elevations towards each other in order to fuse.


regulation of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell

Hyperpolarization (vertebrates) or depolarization (invertebrates) of the photoreceptor cell membrane via closing/opening of cation specific channels as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.


arabitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + 2 H2O = indole-3-acetic acid + NH3.


response to carbon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: mannose + H+ = mannose + H+.


sinoatrial node cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to sinoatrial (SA) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into SA node cells. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-10 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


animal organ formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.


5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole + CO2 = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenoxyacetate + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 4-chlorophenol.


ketone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


positive regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


ovulation

The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


oculomotor nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


anthracene 9,10-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthracene + 2 H2O = cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol.


2'-deoxyguanosine DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to the amino group at N2 of 2'-deoxyguanosine to yield N2-(alpha-ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine and its beta form.


N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity

Catalyzing the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine -> [acyl-carrier- protein] + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone.


cellular response to glycine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus.


D-ribulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribulose = ADP + D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.


tropane alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


mature natural killer cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a mature natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). A mature natural killer cell is a natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class and other stress related molecules.


somite development

The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.


intracellular potassium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of potassium ions within a cell.


oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane, driven by exothermic flow of electrons from a reduced substrate to an oxidized substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.


negative regulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of mesoderm development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan + H2O2 + H+.


imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an imaginal disc-derived leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of neuroblast migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


cellular response to isooctane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.


positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + D-ribitol 5-phosphate-R = UDP + beta1,4-xylosyl-D-ribitol 5-phosphate-R.


interleukin-26 production

The appearance of interleukin-26 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


valencene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) = (+)-valencene + diphosphoric acid.


flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


sinapate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NAD(P)H = anthranilate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


conversion of discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle to spherical high-density lipoprotein particle

The process in which a discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle acquires additional lipid or protein molecules, and cholesterol in the particle is converted to tightly bound cholesterol esters by the action of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT), resulting in the formation of a spherical HDL particle.


maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded

Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


propan-2-ol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propan-2-ol + coenzyme F420 = acetone + reduced coenzyme F420.


negative regulation of neurotrophin production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.


cellular response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + CO2 + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate.


4-aminobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


cerebellum maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellum to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


S-layer organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 = beta-apo-10'-carotenal + beta-ionone.


8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine diphosphate (8-oxo-GDP) + phosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for transcription.


regulation of pyrimidine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


atrioventricular node development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.


DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of DNA at the site of a stalled replication fork that contributes to replication fork processing.


regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


theta DNA replication

A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template.


gibberellin binding

Binding to a gibberellin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = H+ + delphinidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP.


regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to MI phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-fucosamine + NAD(P) = UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose + H+ + NAD(P)H.


hypochlorous acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypochlorous acid.


detection of muscle stretch

The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


renal interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a renal fibroblast.


blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.


lipid A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.


glutamate catabolic process to propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including propionate.


genkwanin 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: genkwanin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = scutellarein 7-methyl ether + H2O + NADP.


carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.


tetrachlorobenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorotoluene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 4,6-dichloro-3-methyl-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+.


prenylcysteine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-L-3-hydroxyproline = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+.


arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a high voltage-gated channel. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.


phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.


L-lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) = UDP + GlcA-IPC.