extracellular isoamylase complex

A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.


isoamylase complex

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A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.


chloroplast isoamylase complex

A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.


host cell periphery

The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures of a host cell.


rhoptry membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.


cytolytic granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the cytolytic granule.


fungal-type vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


autolysosome membrane

A lipid bilayer that surrounds an autolysosome, a single-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is degraded.


PeBoW complex

A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3m

An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3m.


laminin-12 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod

The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes.


outer endospore membrane

The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.


chloroplast outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.


cell outer membrane

A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


mycolate outer membrane

A mycolic acid-rich cell outer membrane containing a lipid bilayer and long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network. Found in mycobacteria and related genera (e.g. corynebacteria).


plastid outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.


interleukin-7 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-7 (IL-7) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha and a gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-7 with high affinity and subsequently binds the cytokine receptor common gamma chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.


Cdr2 medial cortical node complex

A megadalton-sized complex at the medial cortex organized as an oligomeric core of SAD family protein kinases involved in cell size-dependent localization and phosphorylation of Wee1 during interphase.


nuclear exosome targeting complex

A protein-containing complex that functions with the RNA exosome and contributes to the degradation of abberant transcripts.


exodeoxyribonuclease V complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides. Exodeoxyribonuclease V shows a preference for double-stranded DNA and possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It acts endonucleolytically on single-stranded circular DNA.


methanophenazine reducing hydrogenase complex

A protein complex which catalyzes the conversion of methanophenazine and hydrogen to form dihydromethanophenazine. This typically consists of three polypeptides.


MTREC complex

Protein complex formed by an RNA binding protein Red1, an RNA helicase Mtl1, Red5, Rmn1, Iss10/Pir1, and Ars2/Pir2. This complex is required for the recruitment of the nuclear exosome to Mmi1 nuclear focus. It is likely related to the human CBCN complex. This complex is also known as RNA silencing (NURS) complex.


raps-insc complex

Protein complex required for the asymmetric division of neuroblasts in Drosophila. Coordinates asymmetric localization of cell fate determinants with orientation of the mitotic spindle resulting in different daughter cells upon division. Localizes at the apical cortex of the neuroblast: Raps maintains, but does not initiate, Insc apically, while Insc segregates Raps asymmetrically. Complex appears to be conserved in mammals (composed of INSC and GPSM1 or GPSM2).


type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


spherical high-density lipoprotein particle

A mature high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, converted from discoidal HDL particles following the esterification of cholesterol in the particle by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).


discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle

A newly formed high-density lipoprotein particle; consists of a phospholipid bilayer surrounded by two or more APOA1 molecules. The discoidal HDL particle is formed when lipid-free or lipid-poor APOA1 acquires phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol from either cell membranes or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (undergoing lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase).


lysosomal matrix

A matrix composed of supramolecular assemblies of lysosomal enzymes and lipids which forms at a pH of 5.0 within the lysosome.


intermediate layer of mitotic spindle pole body

Structure between the central and outer plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body.


A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.


lateral element

A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. In mammals, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 (Synoviolin) or AMFR (gp78).


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


mitochondrial cloud

A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.


Bunina body

Small granular inclusions (about 1-3 microns in diameter) found in the anterior horn cells, and appearing either singly or in a group. Sometimes they are arranged in small beaded chains. Bunina bodies express cystatin C and consist of electron-dense amorphous material that contains tubules or vesicular structures. The amorphous material frequently includes a cytoplasmic island containing neurofilaments and other micro-organelles.


MHC protein complex

A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.


MHC class I protein complex

A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class I alpha chain and an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide antigen. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


MHC class II protein complex

A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.


dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex

A protein complex which is capable of dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase activity.


Syp1 complex

A protein complex that contributes to the endocytic process and bud growth in yeast. It is involved in the precise timing of actin assembly during endocytosis.


integrin alphav-beta8 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta8 subunit.


other organism part

Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


other organism cell membrane

The cell membrane of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


symbiont cell surface

The cell surface of a secondary, endosymbiont organism with which the first organism is interacting. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


trichocyst

A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst is an organelle that releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in net-like structures, to slow them down when the cell is disturbed. The protein is nontoxic and shaped like a long, striated, fibrous shaft.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM15 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.


syndecan-syntenin-ALIX complex

An exosome complex that is assembled in the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane and chaperoned to the exosome by the ESCRT-III machinery.


MKS complex

A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of several proteins some of which are membrane bound. Acts as an organiser of transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the NPHP complex. The MKS complex also acts as part of the selective barrier that prevents diffusion of proteins between the ciliary cytoplasm and cellular cytoplasm as well as between the ciliary membrane and plasma membrane.


postsynaptic cytosol

The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse.


cytosolic region

Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol.


presynaptic cytosol

The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse.


meiotic septin complex

A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during meiotic cell division.


host cell Golgi membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell Golgi apparatus.


collagen type XXVIII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVIII) chains.


unicellular trichome tip

A cell projection part that is the apical most portion of a unicellular trichome apex.


ISGF3 complex

A transcription factor complex that consists of a Stat1-Stat2 heterodimer and the IRF9 protein.


secondary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant secondary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA8, CESA7, and CESA4.


cellulose synthase complex

A large, multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.


primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.


A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.


2-micrometer circle DNA

A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.


transcription ternary complex

A protein-DNA-RNA complex composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript.


apoptosome

A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


Cvt complex

A protein complex that is involved in the Cvt pathway. In budding yeast, the Cvt complex consists of multimers of preApe1p.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.


host cell nuclear membrane

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.


host cell nuclear inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope.


G-protein alpha(o)-synembrin complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(o) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


Lewy body corona

The periphery of a Lewy body. In Parkinson's disease, it contains spherical accumulations of filaments arranged in a loose, radiating array.


phospholamban complex

A protein complex found as a homopentamer of the phospholamban (PLN) protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac PLN is a main determinant of muscle contraction and relaxation, by regulating intracellular calcium levels.


cleavage furrow rim

The part of the cleavage furrow closest to the cell surface.


right caudal basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


PAS complex

A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase subunit (Fab1p in yeast; PIKfyve in mammals), a kinase activator, and a phosphatase, and may also contain additional proteins; it is involved in regulating the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. In mammals the complex is composed of PIKFYVE, FIG4 and VAC14. In yeast it is composed of Atg18p, Fig4p, Fab1p, Vac14p and Vac7p.


CENP-A containing nucleosome

A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).


anthranilate synthase complex

A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two components I and two components II. Catalyzes the formation of anthranilate, pyruvate and L-glutamate from chorismate and L-glutamine.


molybdenum-iron nitrogenase complex

An enzyme complex containing a molybdenum-iron cluster found in many species. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the molybdenum-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.


alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to high mobility group box 1 protein.


Set3 complex

A histone deacetylase complex that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Set3p, Snt1p, Hos4p, Sif2p, Cpr1p, Hos2p, and Hst1p.


transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) line

A linear array of nuclear envelope membrane proteins composed of nesprin-2G and SUN2, which couple the nucleus to moving actin cables, resulting in rearward nuclear transport (away from the leading edge).


growth cone leading edge

That part of the growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


leading edge of axonal growth cone

That part of the axonal growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


gerontoplast

A plastid found in senescing, formerly green tissues that is derived from a chloroplast that undergoes an organized developmental program of senescence.


cholinergic synapse

A synapse that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.


chloroplast ribosome

A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


protein storage vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a protein storage vacuole.


enterobactin synthetase complex

A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.


polyhydroxyalkanoate granule

An inclusion body located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that consists of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) molecules and associated proteins, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer; the proteins include PHA synthase, PHA depolymerase and 3HB-oligomer hydroxylase, phasins (PhaPs), which are thought to be the major structural proteins of the membrane surrounding the inclusion, and the regulator of phasin expression PhaR.


megasome

Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.


cyanelle inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope; also faces the cyanelle stroma.


SsuD-SsuE complex

A protein complex containing an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase subunit (SsuD tetramer in E.coli) and a flavin oxidoreductase subunit (SsuE dimer in E.coli). Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation.


A multilamellar subcellular structure formed in the cytoplasm of developing neuron, composed of Tmem240 and Emd proteins.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt5p-Pmt3p dimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt5p-Pmt3p.


gamma DNA polymerase complex

A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.


early endosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome.


late recombination nodule

An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in pachytene during meiosis I.


bacterial-type flagellum basal body, rod

The central portion of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings.


enzyme activator complex

A protein complex capable of activating an enzyme. Activating subunits may dissociate from the catalytic unit before the enzyme is active.


DNA recombinase auxiliary factor complex

A protein complex that binds to a recombinase and incrseases its activity.


DNA polymerase processivity factor complex

A protein complex which is capable of increasing the processivity of nucleotide polymerization by DNA polymerase as a part of DNA replication.


PCNA complex

A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.


urease activator complex

A protein complex required for the activation of urease. Activator subunits dissociate before urease has catalytic function.


collagen type IV trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.


contractile vacuole complex

A non-membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.


kinetoplast

A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum.


antipodal site

The pole of the kinetoplast associated with kinetoplast DNA replication. The antipodal sites flank the kinetoplast DNA disk and are positioned approximately 180 degrees apart. In Trypanosoma brucei and Crithidia fasciculata, minicircles are attached at antipodal sites and they contain enzymes that catalyse some of the later reactions in minicircle replication.


RCAF complex

A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.


BRCA2-MAGE-D1 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex formed of BRCA2 and MAGE-D1; may mediate the synergistic activities of the two proteins in regulating cell growth.


actin capping protein of dynactin complex

A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers but does not sever actin filaments, and which is a part of the dynactin complex.


SCF-YLR352W ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YLR352W in S. cerevisiae.


NOXA-BCL-xl complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


Ndc80 complex

An essential outer kinetochore complex involved in the attachment of microtubule ends to the chromosomes during mitosis.


ER membrane insertion complex

A protein complex that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. TA membrane proteins, also called type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C-terminal transmembrane region. Some ER membrane insertion complex subunits are conserved between different species such as mammals and budding yeast.


CD95 death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.


integrin alpha9-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


Cus cation efflux complex

Transmembrane complex that mediates resistance to copper and silver by cation efflux directly from the cell using the proton-motive force. Spans the inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane. Primarily activated under anaerobic conditions by CusR and CusS but also expressed under extreme copper stress, in aerobic growth.


CSF1-CSF1R complex

A protein complex consisting of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1, also called M-CSF) dimer bound to a dimerized receptor (CSF1R, also called FMS). Receptor dimerization requires the presence of the ligand.


eif4e-cup complex

A protein complex that causes translational repression in Drosophila. Prevents assembly of ribosomes at the mRNA by interfacing with a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein leading to recruitment of the CCR4 complex and consequently, reduction of the mRNA's poly(A) tail length. The complex is also required for dorso-ventral pattern formation in the embryo.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV

A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


inaD signaling complex

A complex of proteins that are involved in phototransduction and attached to the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. The protein connections are mediated through inaD.


bacterial degradosome

The degradosome is a protein complex playing a key role in mRNA degradation and RNA processing. It includes a RNA helicase, a 3'-5' phosphate-dependent PNPase and a RNase E bound-enolase.


core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex

The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.


glomerular endothelium fenestra

A large plasma membrane-lined circular pore that perforates the flattened glomerular endothelium and, unlike those of other fenestrated capillaries, is not spanned by diaphragms; the density and size of glomerular fenestrae account, at least in part, for the high permeability of the glomerular capillary wall to water and small solutes.


collagen type XXVI trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVI) chains.


myosin XIII complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class XIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD81 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.


chloroplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the chloroplast.


Ig heavy chain-bound endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex

A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is formed by the association of an immunoglobulin heavy chain with the proteins of the ER chaperone complex; the latter include BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.


succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)

A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.


titin-telethonin complex

A protein complex formed between the N-terminus of the giant sarcomeric filament protein titin and the Z-disk ligand, telethonin. The complex is part of the Z-disk of the skeletal and cardiac sarcomere. Telethonin binding to titin might be essential for the initial assembly, stabilization and functional integrity of the titin filament, and hence important for muscle contraction relaxation in mature myofibrils.


sarcoglycan complex

A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-tumstatin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tumstatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen.


Scc2-Scc4 cohesin loading complex

A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising adherin and the chromatid cohesion factor MAU2/Scc4/Ssl3) required for the loading of a cohesin, complex onto DNA.


RQC complex

A multiprotein complex that forms a stable complex with large ribosomal subunits (60S in eukaryotes and 50S in prokaryotes) containing stalled polypeptides and triggers their degradation (ribosomal quality control). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Rkr1p, Tae2p, Rqc1p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins.


Myc-Max complex

A transcription factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Myc and Max.


viral portal complex

A multimeric ring of proteins through which the DNA enters and exits the viral capsid.


type I interferon receptor complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that binds a type I interferon and transmits the signal across the membrane into the cell. Consists of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).


decoy receptor complex

A receptor complex that recognizes, binds and sequesters a specific receptor ligand to prevent it from binding to its regular receptor. May be soluble or membrane bound.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex

A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.


U4atac snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4atac, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U4atac snRNA both while the U4atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac complex or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM9 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM9.


TRAPPIII protein complex

A complex that functions in anterograde transport at the Golgi and also regulates autophagy. In yeast it includes at least the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs85. TRAPPIII may include further, as yet undescribed, proteins.


sigma factor antagonist complex

A protein complex which is capable of sigma factor antagonist activity.


A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase.


inner kinetochore

The region of a kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA which contains many CENP proteins organized in various subcomplexes including CENP-C, CENP-LN, CENP-HIKM, CENP-OPQUR and CENP-TWSX, but excluding the CENP-A containing heterochromatin.


laminin-5B complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3B, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


TSC1-TSC2 complex

A protein complex consisting of at least tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.


Fc-gamma receptor III complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


sweet taste receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of sweet taste receptor activity.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-Fyn complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn.


nucleoplasmic THO complex

The THO complex when it is acting as a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp2, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


larval serum protein complex

A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.


cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.


homodimeric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

A homodimeric complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.


egasyn-beta-glucuronidase complex

A protein complex that contains beta-glucuronidase and the carboxyl esterase egasyn; formation of the complex causes beta-glucuronidase to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-tenascin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein tenascin.


SRF-myogenin-E12 complex

A transcription factor complex that contains the serum response factor (SRF) and the basic helix-loop-helix proteins myogenin and E12, and is involved in activating transcription of muscle-specific genes.


TAM protein secretion complex

A heterooligomeric protein complex that spans the bacterial periplasm and enables the secretion of adhesin proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. In Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, the TAM complex consists of an Omp85-family protein, TamA, in the outer membrane and TamB in the inner membrane.


spitzenkorper

Structure within the hyphal tip of filamentous fungi that acts as an organizing center for hyphal tip growth; may function to supply vesicles to the elongating tip and/or to organize cytoskeletal microfilaments.


plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)

The enzyme, located in the plasma membrane, that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.


DnaA-oriC complex

A protein-DNA complex containing the initiator protein DnaA bound to high-affinity recognition sites in the unique origin of replication, oriC. DnaA-oriC binding is the first step in assembly of a bacterial pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) and is responsible for the timely initiation of replication once per cell cycle.


maltose transport complex

Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent maltose transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), two integral membrane proteins, MalF and MalG, and two copies of the cytoplasmic ATP-binding cassette MalK.


box H/ACA telomerase RNP complex

A box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the RNA component of vertebrate telomerase, the enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. This ribonucleoprotein complex is a structural box H/ACA RNP, which does not have the catalytic pseudouridylation function shared by the majority of H/ACA RNPs present in the cell.


TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex

A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates the inner membrane insertion of multi-transmembrane spanning proteins that contain internal targeting elements. In yeast cells, TIM22 is a 300-kDa complex, consisting of four membrane integral subunits, Tim22, Tim54, Tim18 and Sdh3, and a peripheral chaperone complex consisting of the small TIM proteins, Tim9-Tim10-Tim12.


interferon regulatory factor complex

A protein complex that consists of two interferon regulatory proteins (IRFs); may be homodimeric or heterodimeric. The activation of a latent closed conformation of IRF in the cytoplasm is triggered by phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues in a C-terminal region. Phosphorylation stimulates the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain to attain a highly extended conformation triggering dimerization through extensive contacts to a second subunit.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


plastid mRNA editing complex

An mRNA editing complex found in a plastid.


RZZ complex

A kinetochore component required for both meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints.


TFIIIC-TOP1-SUB1 complex

A protein complex that contains TFIIIC, topoisomerase 1, and Sub1/PC4. Characterized in human, the complex is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. Topoisomerase 1 and Sub1 enhance the accuracy of transcription termination, and promote reinitiation by Pol III.


aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex

A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.


SCF-Cdc4 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Cdc4 in S. cerevisiae.


HOPS complex

A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane, late endosomal (multivesicular body) and lysosomal membranes. HOPS is a tethering complex involved in vesicle fusion.


anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase complex

An enzyme complex composed of 4 subunits, 2 copies of the large protein (nrdD in E. coli) and 2 copies of the small protein (nrdG in E. coli). It catalyzes the generation of 2'deoxyribonucleotides under anaerobic growth conditions. The larger subunit is the catalytic unit that is activated by the smaller iron-binding subunit.


RAD52-ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

A nucleotide-excision repair complex formed by the association of the heterodimeric endonuclease XPF/ERCC4-ERCC1 (Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae) with the RAD52 protein.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-2.


nucleolar preribosome

Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed in the nucleolus during ribosome biogenesis.


palmitoyltransferase complex

A protein complex with palmitoyltransferase activity.


collagen type VIII trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains; [alpha1(VIII)2]alpha2(VIII) and alpha1(VIII)[alpha2(VIII)]2 trimers have been observed; type VIII collagen triple helices associate to form regular hexagonal nets.


laminin-11 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose group from UDP-glucose to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain.


protein-DNA ISRE complex

A protein-DNA complex formed through interaction of the protein(s) with an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.


Scrib-APC complex

A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant) and the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC); may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.


BCOR complex

A protein-containing complex that monoubiquitinates histone H2A on K119, thus it facilitates the maintenance of the transcriptionally repressive state of some genes, such as BCL6. It consists of the corepressor BCOR or BCORL1, a Polycomb group (PcG) and a SCF ubiquitin ligase subcomplexes. In mammals, the core subunits of the complex include the PcG and PcG-associated proteins NSPC1, RING1, RNF2, and RYBP and the components of the SCF ubiquitin ligase, SKP1, and FBXL10.


cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase complex

A protein complex that possesses cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity; consists of four polypeptide subunits and associated prosthetic groups.


radial spoke 3

Radial spoke 3 (RS3), when present, is the most distal of each group of radial spokes, whether grouped as triplets or doublets. RS3 has significantly different morphology and protein composition than RS1 and RS2 and also extends at a slant from the microtubule doublet, rather than perpendicularly like RS1 and RS2. In some organisms (e.g. Chlamydomonas and Sarcophaga bullata), RS3 is represented only as a stump attached to the A-microtubule lacking the rest of the stalk structure and entirely lacking the head structure.


G-protein alpha(i)1-synembrin complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(i)1 subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


NHE3/E3KARP/ACTN4 complex

A heterotrimeric protein complex formed by the association of NHE3, E3KARP and alpha-actinin upon an increase in calcium ion concentration; found in clusters localized on plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments.


methionine-importing complex

A protein complex which is capable of methionine-importing activity.


contractile vacuole pore

Stable structure that regulates the flow of liquid between the contractile vacuole and the surrounding medium.


Aim21-Tda2 complex

A complex that localizes to actin cortical patches at sites of endocytosis and negatively regulates barbed end F-actin assembly, resulting in the generation of free actin pools. The Aim21-Tda2 complex is necessary for efficient endocytosis and balancing the distribution of actin between patches and cables.


DnaB-DnaC-DnaT-PriA-PriC complex

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.


nuclear pore cytoplasmic filaments

Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.


interleukin-27 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.


FAR/SIN/STRIPAK complex

A conserved protein phosphatase type 2A complex which contains a protein phosphatase type 2A, a protein phosphatase regulatory subunit, a striatin, an FHA domain protein and other subunits (at least six proteins). In fission yeast this complex negatively regulate the septation initiation network at the spindle pole body.


carbon phosphorus lyase complex

A protein complex which is capable of carbon phosphorus lyase activity.


clathrin coat of trans-Golgi network vesicle

A clathrin coat found on a vesicle of the trans-Golgi network.


RNA decapping complex

A protein complex consisting of a Dcp1 regulatory subunit and a Dcp2 catalytic subunit that has mRNA cap binding activity and is involved in decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.


CD20-Lck-Fyn complex

A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck and Fyn.


Cbf1-Met4-Met28 complex

A heteromeric complex consisting of Cbf1 and basic leucine zipper (bZIP) containing transcriptional activators, Met4 and Met28, that forms over the sequence TCACGTG in the upstream activating sequence (UAS) of genes involved in sulfur amino acid metabolism, resulting in their transcriptional activation.


homomeric SMAD protein complex

A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.


glutamate dehydrogenase complex

A homomeric protein complex that possesses glutamate dehydrogenase activity. This complex is evolutionarily conserved except that the number of homoprotomers per complex varies.


chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

A complex, located in the chloroplast, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


alpha3-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.


light-harvesting complex

A protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center.


radial spoke base 3

The short portion of the radial spoke 3 (RS3 )that is directly anchored to the A microtubule of an axonemal microtubule doublet.


potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex

A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present.


calcineurin complex

A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin.


adenylyltransferase complex

A protein complex which is capable of adenylyltransferase activity.


retromer complex

A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.


meiotic recombination initiation complex

A protein complex that initiates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) required for meiotic recombination. Consists of a protein that catalyses formation of the double-strand breaks (Spo11 in S. cerevisiae and Rec12 in S. pombe), and a number of accessory proteins.


cargo receptor complex

Any protein complex that is part of a membrane and which functions as a cargo receptor.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core

The hexamer, comprising three alpha and three beta subunits, that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.


molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis adenylyltransferase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex which adenylates two molecules of the sulfur carrier subunit of the molybdopterin (MPT) cofactor synthase using ATP as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoeB and MoaD; Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.


A protein complex which is capable of glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase activity.


interleukin-18 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.


zona pellucida receptor complex

A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.


MCM8-MCM9 complex

A hexameric protein complex composed of MCM8 and MCM9 and involved in homologous recombination repair following DNA interstrand cross-links.


lipopolysaccharide transport system

A protein-containing complex that functions to transport lipopolysaccharide from its site of synthesis at the cytoplasmic membrane across the periplasm to the outer membrane in an ATP-dependent manner.


RNA polymerase I core factor complex

A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that is required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrn6p, Rrn7p, and Rrn11p.


insulin receptor complex

A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain.


clathrin complex

A protein complex that consists of three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, organized into a symmetrical three-legged structure called a triskelion. In clathrin-coated vesicles clathrin is the main component of the coat and forms a polymeric mechanical scaffold on the vesicle surface.


CNTFR-CLCF1 complex

A protein complex that is composed of two soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha subunits (product of the CNTFR gene) and two molecules of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene). The complex is secreted into the extracellular space.


proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk

One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.


integrin alphav-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta1 subunit.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-Shc-Grb2 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the adaptor proteins Shc and Grb2.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt1p-Pmt3p dimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt1p-Pmt3p.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-D complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor D.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex

The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.


alphav-beta3 integrin-CD47 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to CD47 (also known as IAP).


Noc2p-Noc3p complex

A heterodimer associated with 66S preribosomes; predominantly nucleoplasmic, but also locates to the nucleolus; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.


chromatin lock complex

A chromatin silencing complex that binds and bridges separate nucleosomal histones resulting in heterochromatin assembly and chromatin looping.


COPII vesicles tethering complex

A protein complex that resides in the cis-golgi membrane and plays a role in the tethering of COPII vesicles, through an interaction with vesicle tethering proteins (p115 in H. Sapiens and Uso1 S. cerevisiae), granting the cis-Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. It is composed by GRASP65 and GM130 protein in H. sapiens and by Bug1 and Grh1 proteins in S. cerevisiae.


MCM core complex

A protein complex that contains Mcm4, Mcm6, and Mcm7 proteins, and possesses DNA helicase activity. In the heterohexameric MCM complex, the Mcm4/6/7 proteins form a stable core, and Mcm2, Mcm3, and Mcm5 are more peripherally associated.


Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


curli secretion complex

A protein-containing complex that serves as a channel for the secretion of curli. Curli are a fibers that serve as a major component of the extracellular matrix of pellicle biofilms.


homotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

A protein complex composed of four identical subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


nucleolar ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


interferon regulatory factor 3-interferon regulatory factor 5 complex

An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3 and interferon regulatory factor 5.


ARC complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, additional protein subunits, and duplex siRNA; required for heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. Possibly involved in the conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA.


SCF-YDR131C ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YDR131C in S. cerevisiae.


BMP receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); a homo- or heterodimer of type I and/or type II BMP receptor subunits.


cardiac Troponin complex

A complex of accessory proteins (cardiac troponin T, cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin C) found associated with actin in cardiac muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation important for muscle contraction.


eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex

A protein complex composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and eIF2-GTP-bound methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA.


chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core CF(1)

The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the chloroplast thylakoid membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. The chloroplast F0 domain contains three alpha, three beta, one gamma, one delta, and one epsilon subunits.


acid phosphatase complex

A protein complex which is capable of acid phosphatase activity.


caveolar macromolecular signaling complex

A complex composed of proteins required for beta adrenergic receptor activation of protein kinase A. It includes the Cav 12. subunit of L-type calcium channel, protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2(PKAR2), adenyl cyclase, beta-adrenergic receptor, G-alpha-S, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and caveolin 3 (CAV3).


phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase complex

A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity.


succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)

The enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.


high-affinity iron exporter complex

A protein complex which transports ferrous iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from the vacuole, the main storage component of intracellular free iron, into the cytoplasm in a low iron environment.


SLAC complex

A protein complex that regulates Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation.


complement component C1q complex

A protein-containing complex composed of six subunits of each of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB. It is a subunit of the complement C1 complex. In addition to complement activation, C1q appears to have roles in homeostasis and cellular development, superoxide (O2-) production by neutrophils, blood coagulation and neurological synapse pruning.


endobrevin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-2 complex

A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).


dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex

A protein complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.


Vma12-Vma22 assembly complex

A protein complex that is involved in the assembly of the V-ATPase complex. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Vma12p and Vma22p.


gamma-secretase complex

A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and contains a presenilin catalytic subunit (either PSEN1 or PSEN2), an APH1 subunit (multiple genes and splice variants exist), nicastrin (NCT), and presenilin enhancer (aka PEN-2 or Psenen), as the core complex. Variants of the complex with different subunit compositions differ in localization and specific substrates. Additionally, variants of the complex exist that contain a additional regulatory subunit as well as the four core subunits; known regulatory subunits include gamma-secretase-activating protein (aka gSAP), TMP1 (aka TMED10), and CD147 antigen (aka basigin). Gamma-secretase cleaves type I transmembrane protein substrates, including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.


ATPase dependent transmembrane transport complex

A transmembrane protein complex that functions in ATPase dependent active transport across a membrane.


potassium ion-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in). It is a high affinity potassium uptake system. The E. coli complex consists of 4 proteins: KdpA is the potassium ion translocase, KdpB is the ATPase, and KdpC and KdpF seem to be involved in assembly and stabilization of the complex.


multi-eIF complex

A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.


laminin-14 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


U4atac/U6atac snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the extensively base paired small nuclear RNAs U4atac and U6atac, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins associated with U4atac, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex associated with U6atac, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4atac snRNP or U6atac snRNPs, some of which remain associated with the U4atac/U6atac snRNA both while the U4atac snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


endobrevin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex

A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).


A protein complex that possesses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity; the bovine complex contains disulfide-linked homodimers of 166- and 51-kDa subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56-kDa subunits.


endoplasmic reticulum Sec complex

An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex.


CARD8 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of CARD8 and CASP1.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


GET complex

An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotics and that mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane. In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.


nitrogenase complex

An enzyme complex composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer, and both are associated with metal ions, which differ between species. Both proteins are required for the enzyme activity of the complex, the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.


ferroxidase complex

A protein complex which is capable of ferroxidase activity.


respiratory chain complex III

A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.


dimeric ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex that contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary and usually sufficient for catalysis, and a single protein molecule. Examples of this complex are found in Bacterial species.


type III polyketide synthase complex

A polyketide synthase complex that consists of two identical ketosynthase polypeptides.


syntaxin-6-syntaxin-16-Vti1a complex

A SNARE complex that contains syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).


mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species. The complex contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule in yeast (PMID:12045094), but comprises three proteins and lacks an RNA component in humans.


TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed upon binding of TRAIL to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1 and procaspase-8 addition to the ligand-bound receptor.


short-chain collagen trimer

Any collagen trimer that does not form fibrils and that is relatively short compared to the collagen trimers that do form fibrils.


interleukin-6 receptor complex

A hexameric protein complex consisting of two molecules each of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain, and gp-130.


procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(II) type

A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type II isoform; its activity is inhibited by poly(L-proline) only at high concentrations.


TACC/TOG complex

A protein complex that contains the transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) protein and the TOG protein (Mia1p/Alp7p and Alp14, respectively, in fission yeast), and is involved in microtubule array remodeling as cells progress through the cell cycle. The TACC/TOG complex is conserved in eukaryotes, associates with microtubules, and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm during interphase.


DNA ligase IV complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.


Holliday junction helicase complex

A DNA helicase complex found at Holliday junctions where the helicase activity is involved in the migration of the junction branch point. The best-characterized example is the E. coli RuvAB complex, in which a hexamer of RuvB subunits possesses helicase activity that is modulated by association with RuvA.


methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex

A protein complex of two polypeptides which catalyzes the transfer of methyl group from methylthiol to coenzyme M during methanogenesis.


U2AF complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of conserved large and small U2AF subunits that contributes to spliceosomal RNA splicing by binding to consensus sequences at the 3' splice site. U2AF is required to stabilize the association of the U2 snRNP with the branch point.


transcription preinitiation complex

A protein-DNA complex composed of proteins binding promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription.


laminin-9 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.


sucrase-isomaltase complex

A protein complex that possesses oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity; the complex is a heterodimer located in the cell membrane, and is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor polypeptide. The two subunits have different substrate specificities.


NOXA-BCL-2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


H-NS-Cnu complex

A trimeric protein complex containing a H-NS homodimer and a Cnu monomer. In bacteria, this complex negatively regulates transcription of a range of genes.


Cbp3p-Cbp6 complex

A protein complex located at the mitochondrial ribosome tunnel exit that is involved in efficient translation and protein complex assembly.


glutamate decarboxylase complex

A protein complex which is capable of glutamate decarboxylase activity.


interleukin-5 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-5 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.


mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex

Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.


sulfate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP)

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation adenylylsulfate from sulfate and ATP.


molybdopterin synthase complex

A protein complex that possesses molybdopterin synthase activity. In E. coli, the complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two MoaD and two MoaE subunits.


S100A8 complex

A protein complex composed of a S100A8 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).


RNA polymerase V transcription repressor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase V promoter.


A protein complex capable of protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity, the addition of nucleotide-activated sugars onto the polypeptide according to reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein. The complex has different compositions in different species: In mammals it is often a homotrimer, in bacteria a heterotetramer of 2 different subunits.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).


retroviral intasome

A tetramer of retroviral integrase subunits tightly associated with a pair of viral DNA ends. Functions to insert viral DNA into a host cell chromosome.


PKM2 pyruvate kinase complex

A protein complex capable of pyruvate kinase activity. PKM2 only exists as homotetramer when bound to beta-d-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate (CHEBI:28013).


Noc4p-Nop14p complex

A heterodimer associated with precursors of the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit, including the 90S preribosome; involved in small subunit biogenesis.


glucosidase complex

A protein complex which is capable of glucosidase activity.


cytosolic tRNA wobble base thiouridylase complex

A complex of two proteins involved in the thiolation of uridine 34 (U34) of tRNAs decoding two-family box triplets.


ecdysone receptor holocomplex

A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-CD9 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.


CENP-T-W-S-X complex

A histone-variant containing protein complex which forms a centromere specific nucleosome-like structure, involved in centromeric chromatin organization.


BAT3 complex

A protein complex found in mammals that transfers tail-anchored (TA) proteins from SGTA to GET3 (ASNA1/TRC4) for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Also chaperones polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum retrotranslocation machinery to the proteasome, maintaining the solubility of substrates to improve ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Consists of BAG6 (BAT3) and its cofactors GET4 (TRC35) and UBL4A.


IKKalpha-IKKalpha complex

A homodimeric protein complex containing two IkappaB kinase (IKK) alpha subunits.


respiratory chain complex II

A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


plasma membrane-derived thylakoid photosystem II

A protein complex, located in the membrane-derived thylakoid, containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type I

A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in autophagy. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Apg14p and Vps15p.


myosin VII complex

A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VII (240 kDa) is predicted to be a dimeric molecule with 5 IQ motifs and a tail region with a short stretch of coiled coil followed by two myosin-tail homology (MyTH4) domains, two talin-binding (FERM) domains and an SH3-domain.


translation initiation complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a ribosome, mRNA, and initiator tRNA; the functional ribosome is at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.


mRNA cap methyltransferase complex

A protein complex that consists of an RNA 5' triphosphatase and a guanyl transferase (Cet1p and Ceg1p in S. cerevisiae; Pct1 and Ceg1 in S. pombe) and is involved in mRNA capping.


protein complex involved in cell-cell adhesion

Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.


inhibin B complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.


IRE1-TRAF2-ASK1 complex

A protein complex of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that consists of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2) and ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, a MAP3K).


PTEN phosphatase complex

A phospholipid phosphatase complex that catalyses the hydrolysis of the second messenger PtdIns (3,4,5)P3. Will also dephosphorylate PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns3P, and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Dimerization is critical for its lipid phosphatase function.


A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the second mannose to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) during GPI precursor assembly. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of GPI18p and PGA1p.


core primosome complex

A protein-DNA complex containing at least one DNA helicase and one primase. Can also contain associated proteins. The helicase component continues to unwind the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and the primase component synthesizes a RNA primer during initiation or restart of replication.


collagen type VI trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.


chloride channel complex

An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.


ATR-ATRIP complex

A protein complex that contains the protein kinase ATR and ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) and binds single-stranded DNA; ssDNA binding affinity is increased in the presence of replication protein A.


proteasome activator complex

A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47 and the low-affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor (FCER2).


STING complex

A protein dimer containing two STING monomers. It binds cyclic purine di-nucleotides. Activation of the sting complex by 2',5'-3'-5'-cyclic GMP-AMP activates nuclear transcription factor kB (NF-kB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) which then induce transcription of the genes encoding type I IFN and cytokines active in the innate immune response.


EMILIN complex

Glycoprotein complex of the C1q/TNF superfamily found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is an important component of the elastic fiber system. A homotrimer that will combine to form supramolecular EMILIN structures.


iRhom2/ADAM17 sheddase complex

A complex consisting of ADAM17 in complex with regulatory iRhoms and FERM domain containing proteins.


EDS1 disease-resistance complex

A plant complex involved in basal disease resistance and resistance (R) gene-mediated effector triggered immunity (ETI). Regulates accumulation of the hormone salicylic acid (SA) which is a necessary component of systemic immunity. Involved in responds to bacteria, viruses and oomycetes.


Smp focus

A DNA-binding ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a lncRNA complementary to the bound chromosomal locus and is involved in the tethering homologous chromosomes together during chromosome pairing at meiotic prophase I.


actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex

A protein complex probably required for the internalization of endosomes during actin-coupled endocytosis. Links the site of endocytosis to the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton, coordinating ARP2/3 stimulation at the later stages of endocytosis. Present in the late endocytic coat.


dosage compensation complex

A protein or protein-RNA complex that localizes to one or more of the sex chromosome(s), where it acts to normalize transcription between different sexes.


acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase-carbon monoxide dehydrogenase complex

A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.


eRF1 methyltransferase complex

A protein complex required for the methylation of a glutamine (Gln) residue in the protein release factor eRF1. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least Trm112p and Mtq2p.


insulin control element activator complex

Transcription factor complex that binds to the insulin control element (ICE), a DNA sequence element found within the 5'-flanking region of the insulin gene, and activates ICE-mediated transcription.


DNA polymerase V complex

A DNA polymerase complex that contains two UmuD' and one UmuC subunits, and acts in translesion DNA synthesis.


TORC1 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p.


PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIb subcomplex

A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 20 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum of 730 nm.


euchromatin

A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation.


invertasome

A complex formed by a recombinase, a regulatory protein, and the DNA sequences bound by each protein; catalyzes a reversible site-specific recombination reaction that results in the alternate expression of one or more genes in various contexts.


viral integration complex

A nucleoprotein complex containing viral genetic material and the viral integrase, required for genome integration into the host's genome. May contain other proteins.


G-protein beta/gamma-Raf-1 complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the serine-threonine protein kinase Raf-1 with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.


MECO complex

A highly stable complex composed of the ATAC complex and the mediator complex (also called TRAP or MED). MECO binds and regulates the transcription of a subset of non-coding RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex

A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.


mannan polymerase II complex

A complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins as part of the elongation of alpha 1,6-linked Man backbone. In S. cerevisiae, contains Mnn9p, Anp1p, Mnn10p, Mnn11p, and Hoc1p.


mRNA editing complex

A protein complex that posttranscriptionally catalyzes insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides at multiple sites within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mature mRNAs in eukaryotes.


Tpg-containing telomere binding complex

A complex composed of four polypeptides, a telomere-protecting terminal protein (Tpg), a telomere-associated protein (Tap), DNA polymerase (PolA) and topoisomerase I (TopA), that functions in the replication of the telomeric regions of linear chromosomes, plasmids and circular replicons of some bacterial species.


metallochaperone complex

A protein complex which is capable of metallochaperone activity.


Cdc24p-Far1p-Gbetagamma complex

A complex that forms at the cell cortex in response to pheromone treatment and is required for the polarized growth of haploid yeast cells towards a mating partner during yeast mating. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Cdc24p, Far1p, Ste4p (G-protein beta subunit) and Ste18p (G-protein gamma subunit).


ferritin complex

A protein complex that binds iron and acts as a major iron storage system. Intracellular and extracellular ferritin complexes have different ratios of two types of ferritin monomer, the L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain.


ubiquinone biosynthesis complex

The cytosolic ubiquinone biosynthesis complex is composed of enzymes and accessory factors of the ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway and enables synthesis of the extremely hydrophobic molecule ubiquinone. In E. coli, the complex is composed of seven proteins: UbiE, F, G, H, I, J and K.


acyl-CoA ceramide synthase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine. In S. cerevisiae it contains three subunits: lag1, lac1 and lip1.


DNA helicase complex

A protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity.


cation-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).


A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


GAIT complex

A protein complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. The complex binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs and suppresses their translation by blocking the recruitment of the 43S ribosomal complex to m7G cap-bound eIF4G. In humans it includes RPL13A, EPRS, SYNCRIP and GAPDH; mouse complexes lack SYNCRIP.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


PAK family kinase-Sog2 complex

A protein kinase complex comprising a conserved PAK/GC/Ste20 family kinase, leucine rich repeat protein Sog2 family, which function as part of the cell shape network.


A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and BRF, and is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 2 RNA polymerase III promoters.


Nicalin-NOMO complex

A protein complex regulating Nodal signaling. Subunits are highly conserved in vertebrates and include Nicalin, NOMO and TMEM147.


PET complex

A protein complex that is composed of at least EXD1, TDRD12 and some PIWI protein. The complex is required for MILI slicing-triggered biogenesis and loading of MIWI2 piRNAs.


MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN2 complex

A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (ICN2), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


muscle thin filament tropomyosin

A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.


integrin alphav-beta3 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta3 subunit.


GABA receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of GABA receptor activity. Upon binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) it transmits the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Major inhibitory receptor in vertebrate brain. Also found in other vertebrate tissues, invertebrates and possibly in plants. Effective benzodiazepine receptor.


plasma membrane fumarate reductase complex

A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR00224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. In some species, the complex has only three subunits, and in these cases, there is only one membrane anchor instead of two. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


complement component C1 complex

A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.


acetolactate synthase complex

A dimeric (a large and a small chain) or tetrameric (two large and two small chains) enzyme complex. Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate.


TEAD-YAP complex

A transcription factor complex that is composed of the one DNA binding protein of the TEAD family and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.


MAML2-RBP-Jkappa-ICN1 complex

A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


DNA replication factor A complex

A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.


collagen type XIX trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIX) chains; type XIX collagen triple helices localize to basement membrane zones in differentiating muscle cells.


MWP complex

A protein ternary complex that anchors microtubule minus ends to mitotic spindle pole bodies. The founding complex contains a microtubule anchoring protein (Msd1 in fission yeast), A WD-repeat Wdr8 family protein and and a minus end-directed kinesin.


type III protein secretion system complex

A complex of approximately 20 proteins, most of which are located in the cytoplasmic membrane that carries out protein secretion in the bacterial type III secretion system; type III secretion also requires a cytoplasmic, probably membrane-associated ATPase.


collagen type XV trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XV) chains; a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan often found in specialized basement membranes where it bridges between fibrils.


pentameric IgM immunoglobulin complex

A circulating form of IgM consisting of a pentamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.


Swi5-Sfr1 complex

A conserved DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains two Swi5 monomers and one Sfr1 monomer in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Sae3p and Mei5p in Saccharomyces).


nuclear pore inner ring

A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.


immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


enzyme IIA-maltose transporter complex

A protein complex consisting of the pentameric maltose transporter complex bound to two enzyme IIA (EIIA) molecules. EIIA is a component of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system that inhibits maltose transport from the periplasm to the cytoplasm. When EIIA-bound, the maltose transporter remains in the open, inward-facing conformation, which prevents binding of maltose-loaded maltose binding protein (MBP) to the transporter.


lysosomal HOPS complex

Any HOPS complex that is part of a lysosomal membrane.


mannan polymerase complex

A protein complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins.


IgA immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component. An IgA immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.


Sec62/Sec63 complex

A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p.


methionine adenosyltransferase complex

A multimeric enzyme complex composed of variable numbers of catalytic alpha subunits, and noncatalytic beta subunits. The beta subunits are believed to have a regulatory function. The enzyme complex catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is the major methyl group donor, participating in the methylation of proteins, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and other small molecules.


polarisome

Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites; in Saccharomyces the polarisome includes Bni1p, Spa2p, Pea2p, and Bud6p.


interleukin-10 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-10 (IL-10) and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin, an alpha and a beta chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-10 with high affinity and subsequently binds the common beta receptor chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.


katanin complex

A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa).


subtelomeric heterochromatin

Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the telomere, and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).


alphaV-beta3 integrin-gelsolin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to gelsolin.


viral terminase, small subunit

The part of the viral terminase complex that acts as a phage DNA-recognition component and regulates the activity of the large subunit. The small subunit usually assembles as a heterooligomer with the large subunit.


BIM-BCL-xl complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase complex

A protein complex which is capable of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity.


procentriole replication complex

A protein complex that acts as a chaperone or scaffold for centriolar proteins during the maturation of the procentriole. Some of its members may become integrated into the growing centriole. Examples are the CPAP(CENPJ)-STIL complex, CEP192-PLK4 complex or CEP152-PLK4 complex in vertebrates.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor-ligand complex

A tetrameric protein complex consisting of two platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor subunits and two PDGF ligand subunits. Binding of the PDGF ligand dimer to the PDGF receptor in the plasma membrane induces receptor dimerization and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signaling processes and are found in all vertebrates. At least two different receptor chains (A and B) and four types of ligand chains (A, B, C, and D) are known forming a wide variety of combinations of receptor-ligand complexes.


creatine kinase complex

A protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


Gemin6-Gemin7-unrip complex

A protein complex that contains Gemin6, Gemin7, and unrip (STRAP), and can bind to snRNAs; may play a role in snRNP assembly.


ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

Complex that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. In all organisms where it has been found, the complex is a tetramer. In bacteria, it is a homotetramer. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed small and large subunits.


ESCRT-0 complex

A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.


PDX1-PBX1b-MRG1 complex

A protein complex that contains the homeodomain proteins PDX1, PBX1b and MRG1 (MEIS2) and is involved in the transcriptional regulation of pancreatic acinar cell-specific genes.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, substrate-binding subunit-containing

A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 5 subunits: two ATP-binding subunits, two membrane spanning subunits, and one substrate-binding subunit. In organisms with two membranes, the substrate-binding protein moves freely in the periplasmic space and joins the other subunits only when bound with substrate. In organisms with only one membrane the substrate-binding protein is tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane and associated with the other subunits. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


CRLF-CLCF1 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene) and cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (product of the CRLF gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space. The CRLF-CLCF1 complex is a ligand for the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor complex.


calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex

An enzyme complex which in eukaryotes is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The different isoforms assemble into homo- or heteromultimeric holoenzymes composed of 8 to 12 subunits. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins to O-phosphoproteins.


MUB1-RAD6-UBR2 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of MUB1, RAD6 and UBR2 components. It ubiquitinates, and targets for destruction, the RPN4 transcription factor, which upregulates the proteasome genes. The binding of MUB1 may position the RPN4 ubiquitylation site proximal to the Ubiquitin-RAD6 thioester and allow the transfer of Ubiquitin from RAD6 to RPN4. One of its components, MUB1, is a short-lived protein ubiquitinated by the UBR2-RAD6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.


SUMO activating enzyme complex

A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity.


SUMO ligase complex

A protein ligase complex that enables protein sumoylation. Consists of a SUMO-protein transferase and other proteins that may confer substrate specificity of the complex.


interferon regulatory factor 7 complex

An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 7.


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.


CUE1-UBC7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex

A protein complex capable of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, UBC7 is the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and requires binding to the ER surface by CUE1.


tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex

A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.


Mei2 nuclear dot complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that forms during meiotic prophase in a fixed position in the horsetail nucleus; contains Mei2 and meiRNA. May play a role in the progression of meiosis I.


Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex containing Parkin (PARK2), the F-box protein FBXW7 (also called SEL-10) and a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily; substrate specificity is conferred by the F-box protein.


FHL2-CREB complex

A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL2, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.


type VI protein secretion system complex

A complex of proteins that permits the transfer of proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells via the type VI secretion system. Proteins secreted by this complex do not require an N-terminal signal sequence.


transcription factor TFIIE complex

A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH.


nitric-oxide synthase complex

A protein complex which is capable of nitric-oxide synthase activity.


THO complex part of transcription export complex

The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


large latent transforming growth factor-beta complex

A protein complex containing latency-associated proteins (LAPs), mature disulphide-linked dimeric TGF-beta, and latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs). TGF-beta is mostly secreted as part of the large latent complex, and must be subsequently released from the LLC in order to bind to cell surface receptors.


inhibin A complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.


pyroptosome complex

A protein complex that consists of an assemble of ASC dimers that is capable of inducing pyroptosis.


Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex

A heterodimeric protein complex composed of Ost-alpha/SLC51A and Ost-beta/SLC51B subunits and involved in bile acid transport activity.


rDNA heterochromatin

A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.


alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to protein kinase C alpha.


cytosolic proteasome core complex

The core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell.


ethanolamine ammonia-lyase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the breakdown of ethanolamine to form acetaldehyde and ammonia.