cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


regulation of nervous system process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system.


GCN2-mediated signaling

A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via GCN2 (also known as EIF2AK4), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as amino acid starvation.


alpha-glucuronidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


Y-shaped link assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Y-shaped link. Two distinct protein complexes are known to be involved in proper linker assembly: the MKS complex and the NPHP complex. Improper assembly of Y-shaped links may cause malfunctioning of the transition zone as a molecular gate.


chloroplast photosystem II binding

Binding to a chloroplast photosystem II.


positive regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.


store-operated calcium channel activity

A ligand-gated ion channel activity which transports calcium in response to emptying of intracellular calcium stores.


response to etoposide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an etoposide stimulus.


protein prenylation

The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.


ether lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.


2-deoxystreptamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxystreptamine.


establishment of skin barrier

Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability.


detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies.


regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.


capsanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsanthin.


regulation of muscle filament sliding involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.


The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deisopropylatrazine + O2 = 2 acetaldehyde + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.


cyclohexanone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + cyclohexanone = AH(2) + cyclohex-2-enone.


regulation of response to drug

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.


Catalysis of the reaction: wogonin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


5-aminosalicylate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminosalicylate + O2 = cis-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


second spliceosomal transesterification activity

Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure.


catechin binding

Binding to a catechin, a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite with a flavonoid or flavan-3-ol structure.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell

The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of monoatomic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate.


reduced coenzyme F420:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = NADPH + H+ + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


sinapate ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


CUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUA codon.


peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.


regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.


telophase

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


L-rhamnose mutarotase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-rhamnose = beta-L-rhamnose.


The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


response to interleukin-21

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a long-chain acyl-CoA = a long-chain carboxylate + CoA. A long chain is a chain of greater than 12 carbons in length.


mesodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cellular response to silver ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is the second of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).


heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfated heparan sulfate.


cellular response to rapamycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


embryonic heart tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.


2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


lipoarabinomannan binding

Binding to lipoarabinomannan.


xanthosine nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine.


photosynthetic phosphorylation

Any metabolic process in which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to convert ADP to ATP without the concomitant reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water that occurs in phosphorylation.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


psilocybin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of psilocybin, a psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product.


regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.


positive regulation of lipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


smooth muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->1) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


positive regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


tetracycline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tetracycline from one side of a membrane to the other. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a microglial cell.


histone H4K12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance.


argininosuccinate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(L-arginino)succinate = fumarate + L-arginine.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2.


aminoacyl-tRNA metabolism involved in translational fidelity

Any process which detects an amino-acid acetylated tRNA is charged with the correct amino acid, or removes incorrect amino acids from a charged tRNA. This process can be performed by tRNA synthases, or by subsequent reactions after tRNA aminoacylation.


positive regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


sinoatrial valve development

The progression of the sinoatrial valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


creatininase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = creatine.


non-myelinated axon ensheathment

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane closes around an axon.


gibberellin A25 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A25 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 <=> gibberellin A46 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide.


NADH metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


ecdysone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development.


midbrain morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized.


positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in egg activation

The process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol after fertilization or the physiological activation of an egg.


CAM photosynthesis

The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.


zeaxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of zeaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP-D-glucose = 3-D-glucosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP.


positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.


haustorium mother cell formation

The process in which a symbiont cell is formed, separated from the tip of an infection hypha by a septum. The haustorium mother cell usually contains 2-4 fungal nuclei, and its function is to attach and penetrate the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ATPase-coupled antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + antimonite(in) = ADP + phosphate + antimonite(out).


suppression by virus of host natural killer cell activation

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation in the host.


posterior compartment specification

The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo.


clathrin-mediated membrane bending

A membrane bending process mediated by clathrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)phenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydroquinone + 3,6-dimethylheptan-3-ol.


hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD+.


regulation of defecation rhythm

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a phagocytic vesicle.


excretion

The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.


response to sterol depletion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


non-phosphorylated glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.


axial mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


nitrobenzene nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrobenzene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = hydroxyaminobenzene + 2 NADP+ + H2O.


inositol 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myo-inositol = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.


chylomicron remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


regulation of stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


thienylcyclohexylpiperidine binding

Binding to thienylcyclohexylpiperidine.


negative regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


24-epi-campsterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-epi-campesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> brassicasterol + NADP + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


leading strand elongation

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17(E)-cheilanthenediol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


beta-carotene isomerase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: all-trans-beta-carotene = 9-cis-beta-carotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O = formate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


arginine binding

Binding to 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


cellular response to toxic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


penetration peg formation

The assembly by the symbiont of a peg-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism, which penetrates through the host cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfate; results in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid residues in heparan sulfate.


trypanothione-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trypanothione = NADPH + H+ + trypanothione disulfide.


positive regulation of response to type II interferon

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.


maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor).


protoxylem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the protoxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The protoxylem comprises the first formed elements of the primary xylem.


gamma-linolenate elongase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + H+ = (8Z,11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA + coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.


axon guidance receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.


response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


(+)-kotanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-kotanin.


FAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from one side of a membrane to the other. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


renal system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).


alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose = beta-D-glucose + alkyl cinnamate.


stem cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.


interleukin-1 production

The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


wall teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


trisporic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trisporic acid.


cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels

Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.


RNA polymerase II promoter clearance

A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = abscisate + H2O2 + H+.


nicotinic acid receptor activity

Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.


choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + choline = acetylcholine + CoA.


kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


labrum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the labrum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cardiac jelly development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac jelly over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac jelly is an acellular gelatinous matrix secreted by the myocardium and plays a central role in the septation of the heart.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


GA5 2,3 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A5 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A6 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


cranial nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


sepiapterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sepiapterin + H2O = xanthopterin-B2 + NH3.


2-methylisocitrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate + NAD+ = (5Z,13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 3-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 3-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.


detection of brassinosteroid stimulus

The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


naphthalene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphthalene.


dimethylsilanediol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol.


renal potassium excretion

The elimination of potassium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


3'-tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing extra 3' nucleotides from tRNA precursor, generating 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus and a 5'-phosphoryl group is left at the trailer molecule.


C-terminal protein demethylation

The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


homoglutathione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate.


acetyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


thalianol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol.


exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


catalytic activity, acting on a glycoprotein

Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures in which one of the substrates is a glycoprotein.


L-glycol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-glycol + NAD(P)+ = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: indol-3-ylmethylamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


RNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


snRNA localization to Cajal body

The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, to a Cajal body.


L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.


mitochondrial tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


jasmonyl-Ile conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonyl-Ile + H2O = jasmonic acid + L-isoleucine.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.


coniferin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + coniferin = D-glucose + coniferol.


L-tryptophan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)

Catalyzes the multi-step reaction: L-Tryptophan + 2 Oxygen + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+ + CO2. The individual reactions are: (1a) L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O,(1b) N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O, and (1c) N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = (E)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime + CO2 + H2O.


dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change

The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo.


regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


fucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).


negative regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anther dehiscence.


pollen tube guidance

The process in which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte.


protein sialylation

A protein modification process that results in the addition of a sialic acid unit to the end of an oligosaccharide chain in a glycoprotein.


coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H+ + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.


perturbation of host T-cell mediated immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


cellular response to homocysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.


error-prone translesion synthesis

The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites.


rRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylcytosine.


collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium

Attaching of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


negative regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.


medial fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


positive regulation of nervous system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.


vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation

Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to interferon-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


lutein oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lutein + 2 O2 = 3-hydroxy-beta-ionone + 3-hydroxy-alpha-ionone + 4,9-dimethyldodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenedial.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly

The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


phenolic phthiocerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenolic phthiocerol, a phthiocerol derivative having a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 29-position.


invagination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The infolding of the epithelial sheet into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


establishment of secretory granule localization

The directed movement of a secretory granule to a specific location.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


spermine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of spermine from one side of a membrane to the other. Spermine is a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


foam cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


positive regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.


CGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGU codon.


white fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


carnosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).


L-isoleucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-isoleucine.


hydroxy-nicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + hydrogen peroxide.


MHC class I protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


negative regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell.


regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


negative regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.


anterior compartment pattern formation

The process giving rise to specification of cell identity in the anterior compartments of the segmented embryo.


ATPase-coupled phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphate(in).


creatinine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.


protein hexamerization

The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


replacement bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of another structural tissue into bone.


selenium compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine.


S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.


tocopherol omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .


anterior cibarial plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior cibarial plate over time, from their formation to the mature structure.


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell.


sequestering of neurotransmitter

The process of binding or confining a neurotransmitter such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


diaphragm contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.


post-embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with chlorine atoms attached to positions 1, 2 and 4 of the ring. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing, in dyes and intermediates, dielectric fluid, synthetic transformer oils, lubricants, heat-transfer medium and insecticides.


1-phosphatidylinositol binding

Binding to a phosphatidylinositol, a glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


peptidyl-threonine palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a threonine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.


cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


negative regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + UDP-D-galactose = D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


nucleotide-sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nucleotide-sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.


kaempferol 3-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol-3-gentiobioside + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.


regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.


G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


detoxification of free heme

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of free heme. These include transport of heme away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of heme.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol.


spermine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 1,3-diaminopropane + H2O2 + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal.


fimbrial usher porin activity

A porin that acts in the assembly of fimbria together with fimbrial chaperone.


palmitoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + palmitic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + palmitoyl-CoA.


isopenicillin-N synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 = 2 H2O + isopenicillin N.


inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


Golgi localization

Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


cellular response to carbon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a lysine-accetping tRNA.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


hindbrain maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.


phenylethylamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-4-coumarate + H+ + UDP.


manganese peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Mn2+ + 2 H+ + hydrogen peroxide = 2 Mn3+ + 2 H2O.


cellular response to cell wall damage

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell.


positive regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.


flight behavior

The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.


response to farnesol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA + NADH + O2 + H+ = lesqueroloyl-CoA + NAD + H2O.


innate vocalization behavior

A vocalisation behavior that is innate, i.e. that does not need to be learned in order to occur.


2-enoate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoate + NAD+ = 2-butenoate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.


ferredoxin-NAD(P) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 5-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


negative regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


toluene-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the transfer an alpha-D-glucosyl residue in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to the primary hydroxy group of glucose, free or combined in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


ecdysone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + O2 = 3-dehydroecdysone + H2O2.


sucrose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sucrose from one side of a membrane to the other. Sucrose is the disaccharide O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a sweet-tasting, non-reducing sugar isolated industrially from sugar beet or sugar cane.


cellular response to GW 7647

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.


stachyose galactinol:verbascose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: stachyose + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> verbascose + myo-inositol.


regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


alpha-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted.


cellular response to gastrin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.


chloroplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.


Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A).


arsenate reductase activity

Catalysis of the interconversion of arsenate and arsenite.


tryptophan catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol.


methylselenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeOH => NADP+ + CH3SeH + H2O.


dorsal cochlear nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


alpha-pinene monooxygenase [NADH] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + alpha-pinene oxide.


leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg.


visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development

The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.


proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


intracellular sulfate ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sulfate ions within a cell.


protein geranylgeranylation

The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


N-carbamoylputrescine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylputrescine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + putrescine.


post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


photosynthetic electron transport chain

A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.


calcium-independent protein kinase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium.


cellular response to histidine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.


positive regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) at glycosidic (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose.


envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = raffinose + myo-inositol.


arsenate reductase (donor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + arsenite + H2O = AH(2) + arsenate + 2 H+.


cellular response to blue light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


xanthophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopentyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 5-methylthiopentyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor

The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite.


phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH4 + trans-cinnamate.


sesquiterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.


complement component C3d receptor activity

Combining with the C3d product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


cellular response to fluoride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + 2-oxopropanoate = pyruvate + beta-alanine.


anaphase-promoting complex binding

Binding to an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis.


negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


negative regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP-galactose = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP.


tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


piRNA binding

Binding to a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


B cell chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

The movement of a B cell to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


Wnt signalosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Wnt signalosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + Renilla luciferin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + luciferyl sulfate.


regulation of gastrulation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle.


natural killer cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


chloroplast RNA processing

The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.


ecdysteroid 22-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 22.


glutamic-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


negative regulation of thymine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.


catecholamine binding

Binding to catecholamine.


glutamine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into other compounds, including fumarate.


extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity

A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system

Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network.


lipoic acid binding

Binding to lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid.


lycopene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lycopene.


trichome morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + ethanolamine phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-ethanolamine.


regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


proteoglycan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


3-oxoadipyl-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidylcholine.


U1 snRNA binding

Binding to a U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA).


apiogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.


negative regulation of oocyte development

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + ADP = phosphate + ADP-aldose.


monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tri-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis.


regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


cardiac pacemaker cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pacemaker cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.


calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity

Calmodulin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


lateral mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a lateral mesoderm cell.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + a hydroperoxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + an alcohol + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate = CO2 + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.


regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation

Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


poly(beta-D-mannuronate) lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.


Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + (protein-PII) = diphosphate + uridylyl-(protein-PII).


positive regulation of exit from meiosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exit from meiosis.


structural constituent of cutaneous appendage

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of cutaneous epidermal structures such as hairs, scales, or feathers.


aerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.


specification of metanephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.


S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = methylbenzoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.


abscisic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


protein localization to prospore membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a prospore membrane.


angiotensin type II receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.


limb spinous cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a limb spinous cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cyanoamino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group.


beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides.


regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the pharynx is generated and organized.


basal dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a basal dendrite are generated and organized.


cellular response to selenium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


contact chemoreceptor activity

A non-GPCR transmembrane signaling receptor activity that is responsible for contact chemoreception.


Catalysis of the reaction: para-aminobenzoyl-glutamate + H2O = para-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


attachment of GPI anchor to protein

A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain.


regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the imaginal disc-derived leg joint is generated and organized.


response to GW 7647

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the postsynaptic membrane potential.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


perturbation by virus of host immune response

A process in which a virus effects a change in the host immune response.


response to polyamine macromolecule

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + methyl-coenzyme M = coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide + methane. Methyl-CoM is also known as 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate, coenzyme B as N-(7-mercaptoheptanoyl)threonine 3-O-phosphate, and coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide as CoM-S-S-CoB.


CENP-A containing nucleosome binding

Binding to a centromere-specific nucleosome, a form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).


pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity

Combining with pancreatic polypeptide PP to initiate a change in cell activity.


peroxisome localization

Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


cellular response to serotonin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.


skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


negative regulation of cellular response to heat

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose + H2O <=> 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranose + GDP + H+.


citrate-L-glutamate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + beta-citryl-L-glutamate.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


response to high population density

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a higher than normal number of multicellular organisms living per unit area.


transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity

Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


ATP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = ADP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.


regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.


maintenance of protein location in cell cortex of cell tip

A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex of a cell tip, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. The cell cortex of a cell tip is the region directly beneath the plasma membrane at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


TAP complex binding

Binding to a TAP complex.


regulation of backward locomotion

Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.


myo-inositol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of myo-inositol from one side of a membrane to the other. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


molybdenum incorporation via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


neutrophil aggregation

The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.


bacteriochlorophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


(R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalate = 2-methylmaleate + H2O.


nuclear steroid receptor activity

Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NADP+ = L-tyrosine + NADPH + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate + GTP + H+ = diphosphate + GDP-beta-L-fucose.


picolinic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving picolinic acid.


negative regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamide + H2O = [protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-glycine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. An example of this reaction is the removal of ATG8 from membranes to which it is covalently linked to a phosphatidylethanolamid via its terminal glycine residue.


polyphosphate-mediated signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using polyphosphate as the signal.


alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+.


lung cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


superior reticular formation development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH.


positive regulation of sporangiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aspartate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate.


proboscis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head.


negative regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.


purine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


4-toluenecarboxylate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


adenyl deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to an adenyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.


endocardial cushion formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


xylulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose + ATP = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of defense response to bacterium

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell

A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose.


subpallium glioblast cell division

The division of glioblasts in the subpallium. These cells will give rise to oligodendrocytes.


reproductive fruiting body development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A reproductive fruiting body is a multicellular reproductive structure that contains spores.


protein carboxylation

The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.


cerebellar Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The process that mediates the transfer of information from Purkinje cells to granule cell precursors resulting in an increase in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate.


asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore

The formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from mitosis.


mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GTP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine.


proline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


response to stilbenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to a stilbenoid. Stilbenoids are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones.


mitotic G2 cell cycle arrest in response to glucose starvation

The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G2 phase as a result of deprivation of glucose.


cellular response to 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.


CDP-diacylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.


acyl-CoA binding

Binding to an acyl-CoA, a thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid.


positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol monomethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


transitional two stage B cell differentiation

The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T2 stage B cells in the spleen. T2 stage B cells express CD23 but not CD21.


phytyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + glyoxylate + iminodiacetate.


positive regulation of dendritic spine development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


face morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.


RNA trimethylguanosine synthase activity

Catalysis of two successive methyl transfer reactions from AdoMet to the N-2 atom of guanosine, thereby converting 7-methylguanosine in an RNA cap to 2,2,7 trimethylguanosine.


aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + acceptor = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


teliospore formation

The set of processes leading to the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization

Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm.


synaptic vesicle membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


cellular response to water stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


leukotriene D4 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene D4.


pyocyanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrocyanin, an iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group.


negative regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


adult chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle development in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: isovaleryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CoASH + 3 CO2 + 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one.


methionine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + tRNA(Met) = AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNA(Met).


spermine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.


negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


positive regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.


response to hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


cell motility in response to calcium ion

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


leukotriene signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by leukotriene binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


malyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate.


light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel that is activated in response to light. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


regulation of microglia differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


regulation of aconitate hydratase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.


interferon-tau production

The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


early neuron fate commitment in forebrain

The commitment of neuroepithelial cell to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.


D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


active borate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transport of borate across a membrane against the concentration gradient.


ERBB3 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB3 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB3 receptors have impaired kinase activity and rely on the kinase activity of the heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.


formation of radial glial scaffolds

The formation of scaffolds from a radial glial cell. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


photosystem II repair

Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.


cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


Harderian gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.


pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).


positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroepithelial cell differentiation.


nucleus-vacuole junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ), membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p. The NVJ plays roles in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus and in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway.


17-beta-ketosteroid reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ = a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+.


urea transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of urea from one side of a membrane to the other. Urea is the water soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.


endomitotic cell cycle

A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.