root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo.


cell wall chitin biosynthetic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


protein malonylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of a malonyl (CO-CH2-CO) group.


sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of sulfur amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulphur amino acids contain sulfur in the form of cystine, methionine or their derivatives.


positive regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


vacuolar calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings.


GTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GMP + H+ + diphosphate.


imaginal disc-derived genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


intracellular oxygen homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of oxygen within a cell.


cardioblast cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


dehydrogluconate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + A = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + AH(2).


host interaction involved in quorum sensing

A quorum sensing process that is modulated by some interaction with a host cell or organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: gluconapin + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = xi-progoitrin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


spermatid nucleus differentiation

The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization.


positive regulation of defecation rhythm

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


averantin hydroxylase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 <=> (1'S,5'S)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O. Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.


purine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine deoxyribonucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


neutrophil extravasation

The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.


anterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the anterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.


endocytosis, site selection

The process of selecting and or marking the position where endocytosis will occur.


positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + mycothiol + NAD+ = S-formylmycothiol + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of iodide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


B cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction.


axon regeneration at neuromuscular junction

The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage at the neuromuscular junction. Motor axons regenerate after injury and they form neuro-muscular junctions with skeletal myofibers similar to normal ones.


animal organ maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


positive regulation of bile acid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue.


low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a low-density lipoprotein particle receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


response to antimetabolite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimetabolite stimulus. An antimetabolite is a substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization.


Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate.


genital disc pattern formation

The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the genital imaginal disc.


ornithine cyclodeaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = L-proline + NH4.


pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.


positive regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


protein maturation by copper ion transfer

A process that contributes to the delivery of copper ions to a target protein.


negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter.


dopaminergic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a dopaminergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ketohexokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphate.


thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thiamine pyrophosphate a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of cellular defense response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response.


acyl-CoA desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH2 + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + A + 2 H2O.


pronephric duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney.


estrogen 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + donor-H2 + O2 = 2-hydroxyestrogen + H2O.


anandamide epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the epoxidation of double bonds of the arachidonoyl moiety of anandamide.


detection of light stimulus

The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


protein localization to microtubule end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule end.


N-terminal protein formylation

The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


cytosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


gibberellin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of gibberellin from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.


The phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phosphopantetheine-L-serine.


D-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.


capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.


D-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-cysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + pyruvate.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


hyaluronoglucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 1,3-linkages between beta-D-glucuronate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in hyaluronate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

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The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin and contributing to cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


calcium-dependent cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


detection of temperature stimulus

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


C-C motif chemokine 21 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 21 (CCL21) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


phosphoadenylylsulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfate.


diol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic.


cis-acting DNA replication termination

A DNA replication termination process that is initiated by protein binding to a binding site on the same chromosome, but remote from the termination site, via DNA looping or chromosome kissing.


cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + acceptor = cellobiono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.


lutein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform lutein.


cellular response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


positive regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.


DNA-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA molecule.


Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + ATP + Photinus luciferin = light + diphosphate + AMP + CO2 + oxidized Photinus luciferin.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate + H2O = 2 ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-reticuline.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 4'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


extraembryonic membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


behavioral defense response to insect

A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.


snoRNA splicing

The process of removing sections of a primary snoRNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the snoRNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the snoRNA.


primary amino compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound.


conversion of lysyl-tRNA to pyrrolysyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of lysine, carried by a specialized lysine-accepting tRNA (possessing a CUA anticodon), to pyrrolysine (a lysine with an amide linkage to a (4R,5R)-4-substituted pyrroline-5-carboxylate).


adenylosuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + GTP + IMP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


O-succinylbenzoate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + H2O = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate.


calcium-induced calcium release activity

Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration.


digestive tract mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism.


protein-heme linkage via 1'-L-histidine

The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 1'-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-heme-histidine, tele-heme-histidine).


deoxyinosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


sensory perception of temperature stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


positive regulation of fibrinolysis

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


tongue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of pantothenate across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


serine-type exopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


beta-primeverosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose + an alcohol.


R7 cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium.


natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which a naive natural killer cell acquires the specialized features of an effector natural killer T cell as part of an immune response.


selenium-containing prosthetic group biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.


transmitting tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the transmitting tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The transmitting tissue is the tissue in the style of a carpel through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary.


cellular detoxification of fluoride

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a fluoride. These may include chemical modification or transport of fluoride away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


N-terminal protein amino acid carboxylation

The carboxylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in animal/vegetal axis specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the specification of the animal/vegetal axis of an oocyte.


GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O + 2 NAD+ = GDP-D-mannuronate + 3 H+ + 2 NADH.


ganglioside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


guaiacyl lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guaiacyl lignin.


lens fiber cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


phenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


tube fusion

The joining of specific branches of a tubular system to form a continuous network.


tubulin deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl(alpha-tubulin) + H2O = alpha-tubulin + acetate.


2-iminoacetate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + reduced acceptor = 2-iminoacetate + 4-methylphenol + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + acceptor + 2 H+.


sensory neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A sensory neuron is an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.


esculetin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pregnan-21-ol = H+ + NADPH + pregnan-21-al.


eye pigment catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


actin polymerization-dependent cell motility

A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the cell.


enucleate erythrocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.


T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

The directed killing of a tumor cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


adiponectin-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by adiponectin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in magnetoreception

The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders interpret product ratios in chemical reactions which involve transitions between different spin states.


7-methylguanosine RNA capping

The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript.


deSUMOylase activity

An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves SUMO from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process

A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand.


The acetylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-isoleucine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.


O-glycan processing, core 2

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 2 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc.


DIF-1 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.


sclerotium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sclerotium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sclerotium is a mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions.


interstitial cell of Cajal differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an interstitial cell of Cajal. An interstitial cell of Cajal is an intestinal neuroepithelial cell that serves as a pacemaker to trigger gut contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + imidazol-4-ylacetate + NADH + O2 = 5-hydroxyimidazole-4-acetate + H2O + NAD+.


aspartate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


9-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 9-phenanthrylsulfate.


vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


anther development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.


positive regulation by symbiont of host transcription

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


actin filament bundle distribution

Any cellular process that establishes the spatial arrangement of actin filament bundles within the cell.


Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane.


D-galactose 6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 6-phosphate = beta-D-galactose 6-phosphate.


magnetoreception by sensory perception of electrical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Movement in a magnetic field results in an induced electric field, which can be perceived by organisms such as elasmobranch fish.


protein localization to interphase microtubule organizing center

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an interphase microtubule organizing center.


acetate ester transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an acetate ester from one side of a membrane to the other.


perturbation by virus of host G0/G1 transition checkpoint

A process in which a virus interferes with the normal execution of the host cell G0/G1 transition checkpoint.


oxalate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + oxalate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + oxalyl-CoA.


histone H2B deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated.


nicotinamide riboside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.


clavulanic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving clavulanic acid, (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.


bud field specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of a bud primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


bronchiole morphogenesis

The process in which a bronchiole is generated and organized. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.


Catalysis of the reaction: a brassinosteroid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated brassinosteroid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a brassinosteroid acceptor, producing the sulfated brassinosteroid derivative.


positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


small intestine smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry in the intestine between the stomach and the large intestine.


negative regulation of T cell costimulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-mevalonate 5-phosphate = ADP + isopentenyl phosphate + CO2 + phosphate.


protein localization to nuclear periphery

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear periphery.


regulation of ligase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. Ligase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 6.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell.


gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization

Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


lymphocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one lymphocyte to one or more other lymphocytes via adhesion molecules.


intronic box C/D RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box C/D snoRNA.


cellular response to interleukin-7

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and molecular oxygen is incorporated into a donor.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + UDP-alpha-D-xylose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-[beta-D-xylosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + H+ + UDP.


ESCRT complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ESCRT complex.


pancreatic E cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic E cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic E cell.


ectodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


response to estrogen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


antennal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione = 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + phosphate.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + NADP+ = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.


sphingomyelin transfer activity

Removes a sphingomyelin from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


cell competition in a multicellular organism

Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate.


copper ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell.


dentinogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of dentin, the mineralized tissue that constitutes the major bulk of teeth. Dentin may be one of three types: primary dentin, secondary dentin, and tertiary dentin.


positive regulation of neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.


p-cresol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cresol.


Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked thiazoline to thiazole.


renal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.


kynurenine 7,8-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kynurenate + donor-H2 + O2 = 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + acceptor.


TRAIL receptor activity

Combining with the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic cell death.


positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


gibberellin A9 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 16alpha, 17-epoxy gibberellin A9 + H2O + NAD(P).


cellular response to cobalt ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.


cerebral cortex cell migration

The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.


1-indanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3,4-dihydrocoumarin.


histone H3K14 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14).


propionate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid.


embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + wogonin <=> UDP + wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H+.


Fc receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin to an Fc receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


Catalysis of the glycosidic cleavage of the terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-sulfate (6-SO3-GlcNAc) residue from sulfomucin, a sulfated mucin derivative.


non-sensory hair organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of non-sensory hairs. These hairs are polarized cellular extensions that cover much of the insect epidermis.


tobramycin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tobramycin.


oxalate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


rhombomere 5 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of rhombomere 5 are generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


chemotaxis to oxidizable substrate

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an oxidizable substrate, for example, fructose.


gliotoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to ribose.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in sulfonyl-containing anhydrides

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains a sulfonyl group, -SO2-.


cellular response to forskolin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein-malonyllysine + H2O => protein-lysine + malonate. This reaction is the removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from a malonylated lysine residue of a protein or peptide.


pyridine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


streptomycin 3''-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 3''-phosphate.


B cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis

B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.


regulation of protein catabolic process at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating protein degradation at the synapse.


histone H3K79 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 79) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 79). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 79 of the histone H3 protein.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


pyrithiamine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + H2O = 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + NH3.


medial motor column neuron differentiation

The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


diol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


negative regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


cellular response to selenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.


histone H3R2 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 2)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 2) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 2.


ferric enterobactin:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric enterobactin(out) + H+(out) = ferric enterobactin(in) + H+(in).


maintenance of stationary phase in response to starvation

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to limited nutrients in the environment.


N-acetylneuraminate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate = N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate.


respiratory basal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a respiratory basal cell.


quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + quercetin = 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A dorsal spinal cord interneuron is an interneuron located in the dorsal part of the spinal cord.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine(2+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine <=> H+ + 2'-N-acetylparomamine(2+) + UDP(3-).


cochlea morphogenesis

The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.


D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-xylulose forming (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-xylulose + NADPH + H+.


regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.


astaxanthin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of astaxanthin.


positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of the chains with release of beta-D-glucose.


lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The process in which the structure of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve is generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and two atoms of oxygen are incorporated into one donor.


negative regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sulfate binding

Binding to sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule.


glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells, resulting in the expansion of the population.


high-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


adult foraging behavior

Behavior by which an adult locates food.


smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


N-glycan processing to secreted and cell-surface N-glycans

The modification of high-mannose (Man9-Asn) N-glycans by mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase. This may result in Man8GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans (which in yeast may be subsequently modified by the addition of further mannose residues) or Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans that are substrates for further diversification in the Golgi apparatus.


cellular response to superoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


surfactant homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of a surface-active agent that maintains the surface tension of a liquid.


lipooligosaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipooligosaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate + H2O = 3-formylsalicylic acid + pyruvate.


regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the T cell receptor gene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate + NADP+ = 3-oxoglycyrrhetinate + H+ + NADPH.


(R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reversible reaction: (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = (R)-acetoin + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of lymphocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.


cellular alkene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.


neurotrophin production

The appearance of a neurotrophin due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. A neurotrophin is any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP.


meiotic interphase II

The cell cycle phase which begins at the end of meiosis I cytokinesis and ends when meiosis II prophase begins. During meiotic interphase II no DNA replication takes place, but the centrioles duplicate and spindle fibres emerge.


T cell meandering migration

The random-like motility observed for T cells in lymph nodes which enhances surveillance of antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs).


The chemical reactions and pathways involving hercynylselenocysteine.


deoxyguanosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyguanosine + ATP = ADP + dGMP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipooligosaccharide.


vomitoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of type B trichothecene vomitoxin, also known as deoxynivalenol, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi and predominantly occurs in grains such as wheat, barley and oats.


positive regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


riboflavin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + H+ = 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + riboflavin.


hexuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of hexuronates from one side of a membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.


positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.


ITP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ITP, inosine triphosphate.


cyanide hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formamide = H2O + hydrogen cyanide.


growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.


nitrogen utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


interleukin-22 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-22 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


response to carbohydrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hypoxia (lowered oxygen tension). Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. The pathway ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides, to remove successive isomaltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


Catalysis of the reaction: butein 4'-beta-D-glucoside + O2 = aureusidin 6-O-beta-glucoside + H2O + H+.


acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA.


RNA cap 4 binding

Binding to a hypermethylated cap structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G) followed by four methylated nucleotides (cap 4): 7-methylguanosine-ppp-N6, N6, 2'-O-trimethyladenosine-p-2'-O-methyladenosine-p-2'-O-methylcytosine-p-N3, 2'-O-dimethyluridine Such caps are known to be found at the 5' ends of SL RNAs of trypanosomatid protozoa.


lymphotoxin A production

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


posterior neuropore closure

The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.


positive regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


methylnaphthalene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.


ABC-type amino acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + amino acid(in/out).


aurone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aurones, a series of plant flavonoids that provide a yellow colour to flowers. They have the basic skeletal structure of two benzene rings joined by a linear C3 chain (C6-C3-C6). Aurones exist mostly as 6-O-glucosides.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.


tuberculosinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tuberculosinol (halima-5,6,dien-15-ol), a secondary metabolite in Mycobacteria.


response to host pH environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the pH conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of artery morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


deoxyguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


spongiotrophoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.


acylagmatine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-benzoylagmatine + H2O = agmatine + benzoate.


peptidyl-alanine modification

The modification of peptidyl-alanine.


negative regulation of cell volume

Any process that decreases cell volume.


cellular response to carbon monoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.


GUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUC codon.


dGDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


asparagine catabolic process via 2-oxosuccinamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxosuccinamate.


ketone body catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA.


positive regulation of developmental vegetative growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


diacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.


fatty alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty alcohol.


helvolic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of helvolic acid.


modulation by symbiont of entry into host

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


stalled replication fork localization to nuclear periphery

A cellular localization process where a DNA replication fork that has stalled is signaled to relocate and anchor to the nuclear periphery for the time necessary to complete recombination-dependent replication.


negative regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aldehydo-L-xylose + NADP+ = L-xylono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


response to methyl methanesulfonate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.


cellular response to magnetism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


negative regulation of neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.


nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione.


cellular response to interleukin-6

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


regulation of viral life cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


podocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a glomerular visceral epithelial cell.


locomotory behavior

The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.


cell wall organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.


arabinan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


forebrain astrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide = ribose-5-phosphate + a pyrimidine.


protein localization to cell-cell junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction.


cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADH

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


male analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc.


hepatic stellate cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.


dopamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RNA containing 2'-O-methylribonucleotide.


sequestering of triglyceride

The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.


regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the hair cycle.


rDNA chromatin condensation

The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.


toluene-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


cyanophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.


exit from reproductive diapause

The dormancy process that results in exit from reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


far-red light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal

The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.


Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ = coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH.


regulation of steroid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.


box H/ACA RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.


acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.


response to caloric restriction

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.


uridine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uridine, uracil riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


altruistic, chimeric sorocarp development

Development of a chimeric sorocarp in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


neutrophil apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.


chemotaxis to folate

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.


regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide.


perturbation of host systemic acquired resistance

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsorubin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsorubin.


instar larval or pupal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-glucose = UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl(1,2)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol.


protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-DNA-RNA complex into its constituent components.


anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.


alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.


Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule.


diterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


Sertoli cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a Sertoli cell.


Rap protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rap family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


cell proliferation involved in heart valve development

Any cell proliferation that is involved in heart valve development.


response to tellurium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


ADP-sugar diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-sugar + H2O = AMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


homoiothermy

Any homoeostatic process in which an organism maintains its internal body temperature at a relatively constant value. This is achieved by using metabolic processes to counteract fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.


notochord cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.


histone H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me2.


UUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUG codon.


pyruvate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2.


nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and then phosphorylated further.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.


negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P) = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one + carbon dioxide + NAD(P)H.


cellular response to N-phenylthiourea

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.


positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


regulation of Rab protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction.


regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


positive regulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


GMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3-amino-6-acetamidohexanoate = L-glutamate + 3-oxo-6-acetamidohexanoate.


L-lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


endoplasmic reticulum inheritance

The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.


cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a phenol = UDP + an aryl beta-D-glucoside.


bone marrow development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.


positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


phosphomevalonate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ADP + H+.


mesonephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.


lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + octanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N6-octanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


palmatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


cellular response to cyclosporin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.


regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the potential difference across a presynaptic membrane.


pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.


negative regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + palmatine.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


inulin binding

Binding to inulin.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


TSC1-TSC2 complex binding

Binding to a TSC1-TSC2 complex.


L-lysine 6-transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.


cuticle chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.


histone H3R26 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 26) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 26). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 26 of histone H3.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-positive bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase I gene promoter. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2beta,3beta-dihydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADP + H2O.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H2O.


Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-serine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine, or UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-threonine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-threonine.


retinal rod cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.


regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


regulation of glucose import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


detoxification of zinc ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioredoxin-dithiol + NADP+ = thioredoxin-disulfide + H+ + NADPH.


negative regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


amine binding

Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group.


beta-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining

An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that is independent of factors important for V(D)J recombination (as opposed to classical nonhomologous end joining). It often results in a deletion with microhomology (i.e. 5-25bp homology) at the repair junction. Among different subclasses of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), alternative NHEJ appears to play a significant role in the etiology of mutations that arise during cancer development and treatment.


osmosensor activity

Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.


N-terminal protein amino acid modification

The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


regulation of sequestering of triglyceride

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium

Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.


gonadal mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal glycine residue to form N-palmitoyl-glycine.


inner ear receptor cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.


arsenate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + thioredoxin = arsenite + thioredoxin disulfide. Thioredoxin disulfide is also known as oxidized thioredoxin.


mammary gland epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


mRNA cap binding

Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.


response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.


negative regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


4-methyleneglutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamine + H2O = 4-methylene-L-glutamate + NH4.


positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


mitochondrial ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.


protein ADP-ribosyltransferase-substrate adaptor activity

An enzyme-substrate adaptor that bings together a protein ADP-ribosyl transferase and its substrate.


cellobiose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cellobiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


labyrinthine layer formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-oxalocrotonate = CO2 + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


superior olivary nucleus formation

The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF7 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7). IRF7 a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.


negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


fraxetin 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalyzes the reaction fraxetin+ NAD(P)H + 02= sideretin + NAD(P)(+) + H20.


regulation of cell morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


lipid modification by small protein conjugation

A lipid modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target lipid.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.


n-octane oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA.


Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


protein-carbohydrate complex subunit organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-carbohydrate complex.


menaquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Any process that modulates stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


deoxyinosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a target cell in the epidermis that contributes to the migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epidermis.


regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.


negative regulation of cell division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.


mannan 1,3-beta-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose.


negative regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


mitochondrial seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


determination of stimulus intensity

The determination of the perceived strength of a sensory stimulus.


negative regulation of heart induction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


cellular response to interleukin-32

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.


lung saccule development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.