VRK3/VHR/ERK complex

A ternary complex consisting of VRK3, VHR (Dusp3), and ERK1 (Mapk3) existing in neuronal cells, and is involved in regulation of the ERK signaling pathway.


tRNA (m7G46) methyltransferase complex

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A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 7-methylguanine (at position 46 in certain tRNAs, such as tRNA(phe) and tRNA(met). In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Trm8 (catalytic) and Trm82 (WD repeat).


Ric1-Rgp1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex

A protein complex that acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt6p, and is required for fusion of endosome-derived vesicles with the Golgi.


cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex

The subcomplex of the cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.


transcription factor AP-1 complex

A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of proteins from the c-Fos, c-Jun, activating transcription factor (ATF) or JDP families. The subunits contain a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain that is essential for dimerization and DNA binding. Jun-Fos heterodimers bind preferentially to a heptamer consensus sequence (TPA responsive element (TRE)), whereas Jun-ATF dimers bind the cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE) to regulate transcription of target genes.


Gemin3-Gemin4-Gemin5 complex

A protein complex that contains Gemin3 (DDX20), Gemin4, and Gemin5, and can bind to snRNAs; may be an intermediate in SMN complex assembly.


dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through a disulfide binded monomer of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


DNA polymerase III, clamp loader chi/psi subcomplex

A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB).


transcription repressor complex

A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.


decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

A complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.


IscS-IscU complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur transfer during iron-sulfur cluster assembly and in the modification of tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consisting of a central IscS dimer with the IscU protomers attached to one of the IscS units each via a disulfide (-SSH) group.


B cell receptor complex

An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


box H/ACA scaRNP complex

A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the Cajal body of the nucleoplasm. In higher eukaryotes, box H/ACA RNP located in Cajal bodies mediate pseudouridylation of spliceosomal snRNAs.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-JAM2 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule JAM2.


procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(I) type

A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type I isoform; its activity is readily inhibited by poly(L-proline).


U11 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U11, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U11 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U11 snRNA both while the U11 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


alpha7-beta1 integrin-laminin alpha-2 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-2.


polyphosphate kinase complex

A protein complex that possesses polyphosphate kinase activity.


cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)

Cytosolic complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.


paraferritin complex

A cytoplasmic protein complex that contains integrin, mobilferrin and a flavin monooxygenase, is capable of reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II) utilizing NADPH, and is involved in iron transport. Fe(II) is required in the cell as the substrate for ferrochelatase in the synthesis of heme.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM12 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM12.


FtsQBL complex

A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB, FtsL and FtsQ.


gamma-delta T cell receptor complex

A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises gamma and delta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes antigen directly, without a requirement for processing and presentation by an MHC protein.


bacterial pre-replicative complex

A protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


taurine dioxygenase complex

A protein complex capable of catalyzing the conversion of taurine and alpha-ketoglutarate to sulfite, aminoacetaldehyde and succinate under sulfur or cysteine starvation conditions. Its expression is repressed by the presence of sulfate or cysteine. In E. coli it is a homodimer or homotetramer of the protein TauD.


TORC2 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of PKB (also called AKT). In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Avo1p, Avo2p, Tsc11p, Lst8p, Bit61p, Slm1p, Slm2p, and Tor2p.


PTEX complex

A protein complex that acts as a protein trafficking machinery and is responsible for the export of proteins across the parasitophorous (symbiont-containing) vacuolar membrane and into the human host cell. The PTEX complex is located in the vacuole membrane. It is ATP-powered, and comprises heat shock protein 101 (HSP101; a ClpA/B-like ATPase from the AAA+ superfamily, of a type commonly associated with protein translocons), a parasite protein termed PTEX150, and exported protein 2 (EXP2). EXP2 is the potential channel, as it is the membrane-associated component of the core PTEX complex. Two other proteins, PTEX88 and thioredoxin 2 (TRX2), were also identified as PTEX components.


MalFGK2 complex

Protein complex involved in maltose transport through the plasma membrane. In E. coli, the complex is a tetramer and consists of a cytoplasmic ATPase MalK homodimer together with a heterodimeric transmembrane subunit MalF-MalG.


TAP complex

A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.


collagen type XVIII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVIII) chains.


fatty acid elongase complex

A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of a fatty acid chain 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.


nuclear pore transmembrane ring

A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that spans the nuclear membrane and anchors the NPC to the nuclear envelope. In S. cerevisiae, the transmembrane ring is composed of Pom152p, Pom34p, and Ndc1p. In vertebrates, it is composed of Gp210, Ndc1, and Pom121. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometime referred to as the Ndc1 complex.


ribonuclease H2 complex

A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.


protein-DNA-RNA complex

A macromolecular complex containing protein, DNA, and RNA molecules.


hemoglobin complex

An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.


FAL1-SGD1 complex

A protein complex involved in the 18S rRNA biogenesis. In S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Fal1p and Sgd1p and in humans this complex consists of NOM1 and eIF4AIII subunits.


interferon regulatory factor 3 complex

An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3.


CHOP-C/EBP complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) and a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors.


interleukin-1 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-1; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.


RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex

A protein complex first characterized in human and comprised of a R2TP module (R2TP complex), a prefoldin-like module (containing both prefoldin-like proteins and canonical prefoldins), WD40 repeat protein Monad/WDR92 and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit RPB5. This complex might have chaperone activity.


high-affinity iron permease complex

A protein complex composed of a multicopper ferroxidase that oxidizes Fe(II) to Fe(III), and a ferric iron permease that transports the produced Fe(III) into the cell. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD82 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD82, a member of the tetraspan family.


type V protein secretion system complex

A complex of proteins that permits the translocation of proteins across the outer membrane via a transmembrane pore, formed by a beta-barrel, into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells; the secreted proteins contain all the information required for translocation of an effector molecule through the cell envelope. The type V secretion systems includes the autotransporters (type Va), the two-partner secretion system (type Vb) and the Oca family (type Vc).


extracellular ferritin complex

A ferritin complex located in the extracellular region. Extracellular ferritin complexes contain L (light) chains but few or no H (heavy) chains.


MIM complex

A large mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex that mediates transport of proteins into mitochondrial compartments. MIM constitutes the major integration site for alpha-helical embedded proteins. In yeast, consists oof Mim1 and Mim2.


Yae1-Lto1 complex

A cytosolic complex that functions as an substrate-specific adaptor, linking the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) targeting complex to apo-Rli1p, an ABC protein involved in ribosome recycling, facilitating Fe-S cluster insertion and the maturation of the Rli1p.


cellular bud neck polarisome

Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the neck of a fungal bud before and during cytokinesis.


SCF-Ctf13 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Ctf13 in S. cerevisiae.


cysteine synthase complex

Cysteine synthase is a multienzyme complex made up, in E. coli, of the heteromeric hexamer serine acetyltransferase and the homodimer O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A.


transcription factor TFIIIC2 complex

A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human; composed of five subunits (GTF3C1/hTFIIIC220/TFIIICalpha, GTF3C2/hTFIIIC110/TFIIICbeta, GTF3C3/hTFIIIC102/TFIIICgamma, GTF3C4/hTFIIIC90/TFIIICdelta and GTF3C5/hTFIIIC63/TFIIICepsilon in human) that together recognize the type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.


SCF-Ucc1 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YLR224W in S. cerevisiae.


myosin IX complex

A myosin complex containing a class IX myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin IX is monomeric with a motor domain containing an N-terminal extension and an insert in the actin binding interface, followed by four to six IQ motifs and a tail region that contains a zinc binding motif and a domain with homology to GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the Rho family of G-proteins.


translation preinitiation complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the small ribosomal subunit, a translation initiation ternary complex (i.e. an initiator tRNA, GTP, and an IF2 or eIF2 complex), and an mRNA.


Sid2-Mob1 complex

A protein complex that contains a protein kinase (Sid2 in S. pombe) and its regulatory subunit (Mob1). The Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex is a component of the septation initiation network in fission yeast (called the mitotic exit network in S. cerevisiae) and is required for cytokinesis. The analogous complex in S. cerevisiae is called Dbf2p-Mob1p complex.


clathrin coat of coated pit

The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.


primosome complex

Any of a family of protein complexes that form at the origin of replication or stalled replication forks and function in replication primer synthesis in all organisms. Early complexes initiate double-stranded DNA unwinding. The core unit consists of a replicative helicase and a primase. The helicase further unwinds the DNA and recruits the polymerase machinery. The primase synthesizes RNA primers that act as templates for complementary stand replication by the polymerase machinery. The primosome contains a number of associated proteins and protein complexes and contributes to the processes of replication initiation, lagging strand elongation, and replication restart.


formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (tungsten enzyme) complex

A protein complex consisting of four polypeptides which also contains tungsten, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide, and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.


sodium ion-transporting F-type ATPase complex

A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism.


MICOS complex

Mitochondrial inner membrane complex involved in maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex has six subunits: MIC10, MIC12, MIC19, MIC26, MIC27, and MIC60.


GARP complex

A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.


succinate-CoA ligase complex

A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP or GTP.


collagen type XIII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIII) chains; type XIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


H-NS-Hha complex

A trimeric protein complex made up of an H-NS homodimer and an Hha monomer. In Enterobacteriaceae, this complex negatively regulates transcription of a range of genes.


G protein-coupled receptor homodimeric complex

A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the same subtype. Formation of a GPCR homodimer may be important for the transport of newly formed receptors to the cell surface, and the function of the receptor.


Slx1-Slx4 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses an endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves certain types of branched DNA structures; because such structures often form during the replication ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, the complex plays a role in the maintenance of rDNA. The subunits are known as Slx1 and Slx 4 in budding and fission yeasts, and are conserved in eukaryotes.


silver ion transmembrane transporter complex

A protein complex which is capable of silver ion transmembrane transporter activity.


alphaM-beta2 integrin-CD63 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaM-beta2 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.


SAM complex

A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.


SCF-Rcy1/Pof6 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Rcy1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof6 in S. pombe).


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex II

A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


mCRD-mediated mRNA stability complex

A protein complex that binds to, and promotes stabilization of, mRNA molecules containing the major coding region instability determinant (mCRD) by bridging the mCRD domain and the poly(A) tail of the mRNA. In human, it consists of CSDE1, HNRPD, PABPC1, PAIP1 and SYNCRIP.


plastid large ribosomal subunit

The larger of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


viral terminase complex

A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into viral heads. Note that not all viral terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.


galectin complex

A homodimeric protein complex that is capable of binding a range of carbohydrates and is involved in anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic processes.


nonsense-mediated decay complex

A highly conserved protein complex that recognises and elicits the rapid degradation of mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.


Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.


IgZ immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgZ isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The IgZ isotype is also known as the IgT isotype in certain species of fish.


pore complex

A protein complex providing a discrete opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.


pre-B cell receptor complex

An immunoglobulin-like complex that is present in at least the plasma membrane of pre-B cells, and that is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two surrogate light chains, each composed of the lambda-5 and VpreB proteins, and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


R2TP complex

A highly conserved protein complex comprised of two ATP-dependent DNA helicases (Rvb1p and Rvb2p in yeast, Pontin52 and Reptin52 in humans), Pih1p in yeast or PIH1D1 in humans, and Tah1 in yeast or RPAP3 in humans. The complex associates with Hsp90 and is thought to have a role in assembly of large protein or protein/nucleic acid complexes. In this role it is involved in multiple processes such as box C/D snoRNP biogenesis, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) signaling, RNA polymerase II assembly, and others.


nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex

An aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) complex found in the nucleus; ; consists of ligand-bound AhR and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT).


calcium ion-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(in).


CoB-CoM heterodisulfide reductase complex

A protein complex that in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is composed of six subunits, and in Methanosarcina barkeri contains is composed of either two subunits or nine subunits. Catalyzes the conversion of coenzyme B, coenzyme M, and methanophenazine to form N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine and dihydromethanophenazine.


5-lipoxygenase complex

An nuclear membrane protein complex having arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity.


NVT complex

A protein complex that is capable of contributing to protein localization by the NVT pathway. In fission yeast, the Nvt complex consists of Ape2, Lap2 and Nbr1.


basal tubulobulbar complex

Actin-based structures involved in establishing the blood-testis barrier of the Sertoli cell.


DnaA-DnaB-DnaC complex

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC bound to the DNA-bound DNA replication initiation protein DnaA. Essential for DNA replication initiation.


BRCA1-B complex

A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, BACH1 and TopBP1, and binds to DNA during S phase at DNA damage sites.


A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.


collagen type XVII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVII) chains; type XVII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane and associate with hemidesmosomes and the basal lamina where they bind laminin.


heparanase complex

A protein complex which is capable of heparanase activity.


signal recognition particle

A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.


Rvs161p-Rvs167p complex

A protein complex that is involved in endocytosis in the yeast S. cerevisiae.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to endostatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha1 chain of type XVIII collagen.


Tec1p-Ste12p-Dig1p complex

A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcriptional regulation of primarily filamentation genes, but also mating genes, in the yeast S. cerevisiae.


Kibra-Ex-Mer complex

An apical protein complex that contains the proteins Kibra, Expanded and Merlin (Mer), or orthologs thereof. In humans, the complex contains KIBRA, FDM6 and NF2.


tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase complex

A protein complex that possesses tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity. In eukaryotes the complex is a heterodimer; the subunits are known as Tad2p and Tad3p in yeasts and Adat2 and Adat3 in human.


interleukin-28 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-28 and interleukin-29. It is composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit (in human IFNLR1/IL28Ralpha & IL10RB) and either Interleukin-28 (IFNL2 or IFNL3) or Interleukin-29 (IFNL1).


integrin alphaX-beta2 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaX subunit and one beta2 subunit.


outer mitochondrial membrane protein complex

Any protein complex that is part of the outer mitochondrial membrane.


DNA replication factor C core complex

A protein complex containing three of the five subunits of eukaryotic replication factor C, those corresponding to human p40, p38, and p37.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).


photosystem II antenna complex

The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).


methylosome

A large (20 S) protein complex that possesses protein arginine methyltransferase activity and modifies specific arginines to dimethylarginines in the arginine- and glycine-rich domains of several spliceosomal Sm proteins, thereby targeting these proteins to the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex for assembly into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) core particles. Proteins found in the methylosome include the methyltransferase JBP1 (PRMT5), pICln (CLNS1A), MEP50 (WDR77), and unmethylated forms of SM proteins that have RG domains.


XRCC2-RAD51D complex

A heterodimeric DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51D and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof; conserved from fission yeast to human but absent from budding yeast.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II

Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem II.


G-protein alpha(13)-synembrin complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(13) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


ESC/E(Z) complex

A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.


alpha3-beta1 integrin-basigin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein basigin.


phosphatase complex

A protein complex which is capable of phosphatase activity.


Bam protein complex

Protein complex which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. In E. coli it is composed of BamABCDE, of the outer membrane protein BamA, and four lipoproteins BamB, BamC, BamD and BamE. BamA interacts directly with BamB and the BamCDE subcomplex.


VCP-NSFL1C complex

A protein complex between the ATPase VCP (p97) and its cofactor p47 (NSFL1C). In human, the protein complex consists of one homotrimer of NSFL1C/p47 per homohexamer of VCP/p97.


MLL1 complex

A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3. MLL1/MLL is the catalytic methyltransferase subunit, and the complex also contains the core components ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1 WDR5 and RBBP5.


Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.


troponin complex

A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.


chromosome passenger complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora kinase, INCENP and Borealin.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide to trimethylamine.


junctional membrane complex

Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).


Hedgehog signaling complex

A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila).


PAT complex

A transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in the correct folding of multipass membrane proteins in the ER membrane. In human, the substrate-binding Asterix (PAT10, WDR83OS) forms an obligate heterodimer with CCDC47.


A protein complex that contains two cell adhesion molecules, a protocadherin-alpha and a protocadherin-gamma, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex

A protein complex containing a secreted Wnt protein associated with its receptor, Frizzled (Fz), and co-receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) or LRP6.


CIA complex

The cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur clusters into apoproteins involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity.


inhibin-betaglycan-ActRII complex

A protein complex that consists of inhibin, type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (also known as betaglycan), and the type II activin receptor ActRII. The complex is thought to negatively regulate the activity of activin B.


plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the plasma membrane.


phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase complex

A protein complex capable of catalysing the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


glucose transporter complex

A protein complex facilitating glucose transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


EKC/KEOPS complex

A protein complex involved in t6A tRNA modification. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Bud32p, Kae1p, Gon7p, Cgi121p, and Pcc1p.


plasma membrane light-harvesting complex

A plasma membrane protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species.


ERMES complex

A protein complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and may have a role in promoting exchange of calcium and phospholipids between the two organelles.


survivin complex

A protein complex that negatively regulates apoptotic processes. In human, this anti-apoptotic complex is a homodimer of BIRC5 (survivin) and provides one survivin molecule to the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC).


ProVWX complex

The ProVWX complex belongs to the family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins complexes. It consists of a cytoplasmic ATPase subunit ProV, a transmembrane subunit ProW and a periplasmic binding protein ProX. It is capable of translocating a wide variety of solute (e.g. glycine betaine) across the plasma membrane and is activated under osmotic stress conditions.


CLOCK-BMAL transcription complex

Transcription factor complex which interacts with E-box regulatory elements in target genes, including Period (Per1, Per2, Per3) and Cryptochrome (Cry1, Cry2), to activate their transcription during the daytime. The CRY-PER complexes inhibit CLOCK-BMAL1-driven transcription in a negative feedback loop to generate circadian rhythms.


interleukin-35 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha subunit (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.


synaptotagmin-synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Rab3a-complexin II complex

A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, Rab3a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).


alpha5-beta1 integrin-LPP3 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.


Doa10p ubiquitin ligase complex

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p.


nuclear proteasome regulatory particle

The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


tRNA methyltransferase complex

A multimeric protein complex involved in the methylation of specific nucleotides in tRNA.


chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor CF(o)

All non-F1 subunits of the chloroplast hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins.


Rpd3S complex

A eukaryotically conserved histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones across gene coding regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, a chromodomain protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, and a WD repeat protein (Clr6p, Alp13p, Pst2p, and Prw1p respectively in Schizosaccharomyces; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Rco1p and Eaf3 in Saccharomyces; homologs thereof in other species).


A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).


light-harvesting complex, core complex

Light harvesting complex associated with the reaction complex of photosynthetic purple bacteria.


BAD-BCL-xl complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt5p-Pmt2p dimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt5p-Pmt2p.


mitotic checkpoint complex, CDC20-MAD2 subcomplex

A protein complex involved in the spindle checkpoint, preventing the activation of the anaphase-promoting complex until all chromosomes are correctly attached in a bipolar fashion to the mitotic spindle. In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2 and CDC20.


myosin phosphatase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin. Composed of a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c/PPP1CB) and a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1/PPP1R12A).


tubulin folding cofactor complex

A multimeric protein complex involved in tubulin alpha-beta-subunit folding assembly consisting of beta-tubulin-TFC-D, alpha-tubulin-TFC-E and TFC-C, through which tubulin subunit association and dimer release occur.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex

A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.


tRNA-intron endonuclease complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.


glutamate synthase complex

A complex that possesses glutamate synthase activity.


sarcosine oxidase complex

A complex consisting of 4 protein subunits as a heterotetramer, that possesses sarcosine oxidase activity.


Shc-Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


BCL-2 complex

A homodimeric protein complex consisting of BCL-2, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


integrin alpha7-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


SMAD protein complex

A protein complex that consists of only SMAD proteins; may be homomeric or heteromeric. Heteromeric complexes act as transcription factors while homomeric complexes exist but are transcriptionally inactive. Hetero- versus homotrimerization is largely enthalpy driven.


light-harvesting complex, peripheral complex

Bacteriochlorophyll a binding complex that is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center.


ferredoxin hydrogenase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.


centralspindlin complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis. Made up of two molecules each of a mitotic kinesin (ZEN-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MKLP1 in mammals) and of two molecules each of a GTPase activating protein (GAP) factor (CYK-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MgcRacGAP in mammals).


spectrin

Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.


low-density lipoprotein receptor complex

A plasma membrane protein complex capable of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity. It may also bind xenobiotic toxins and deliver them into the cell via endocytosis. While most substrates get degraded via the endosome the receptor is recycled to the plasma membrane. It may also act as a transducer of intracellular signal pathways and often acts in corporation with other cell-surface receptors.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


mitochondrial creatine kinase complex

An octomeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase complex (UDP-forming)

A protein complex that possesses alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) and trehalose-phosphatase activities, and thus catalyzes two reactions in trehalose biosynthesis. In the complex identified in Saccharomyces, Tps1p has alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity, Tps2p has trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity; Tps3p is a regulatory subunit, and an additional subunit, Tsl1p, may be present.


zeta DNA polymerase complex

A heterodimeric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes error-prone DNA synthesis in contexts such as translesion synthesis and double-stranded break repair. First characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are Rev3p and Rev7p; a third protein, Rev1p, is often associated with the polymerase dimer.


phycobilisome

Any of the granules, approximately 32 nm x 48 nm and consisting of highly aggregated phycobiliproteins, that are attached in arrays to the external face of a thylakoid membrane in algae of the phyla Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta, where they function as light-harvesting devices in photosynthesis. Excitation energy in the phycobilisome flows in the sequence: phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin before passing to the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II.


Complex that possesses imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity.


cytosolic electron transfer flavoprotein complex

A protein complex located in the cytosol containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors.


galectin lattice

A non-stoichiometric protein complex formed by several galectins crosslinking glycosylated ligands to form a dynamic lattice. The galectin lattice modulates receptor kinase signaling and the functionality of membrane receptors, by regulating the diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids.


exon-exon junction subcomplex mago-y14

Component of the core exon-exon-junction complex (EJC). Fairly conserved in eukaryotes; in Drosophila, consists of the Mago and Y14 (tsunagi) gene products. Important for coupling nuclear and cytoplasmic events in gene expression. Inhibits the ATPase activity of eIF4AIII (Q9VHS8) to ensure a stable association of the EJC core with the mRNA.


sheet-forming collagen trimer

A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers assemble into a sheet.


Knl1/Spc105 complex

A kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the outer kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans and yeast respectively, it consists of KNL1/Spc105p and ZWINT/Kre28p.


protein complex involved in cell adhesion

Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell adhesion to the cell matrix or to another cell.


DNA methyltransferase complex

A protein complex that possesses DNA methyltransferase activity.


UBC13-UEV1A complex

A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-kappaB activation. In humans at least, the complex comprises the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC13 and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant 1A (UEV1A).


Cdc50p-Drs2p complex

A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Cdc50p and Drs2p proteins, and is involved in the trafficking of transport vesicles between the late Golgi and the early endosome.


tubulobulbar complex

Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between Sertoli-Sertoli cells or Sertoli-spermatids in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.


nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(III) type

A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type III isoform.


SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase complex

A nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically targets SUMOylated proteins; the complex is formed of homodimers or heterodimers of RNF4 family ubiquitin ligases and is conserved in eukaryotes.


sodium ion-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of sodium ions across a concentration gradient. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis.


Las1 complex

A four subunit complex, that comprises all the necessary RNA processing enzymes (endonuclease, polynucleotide kinase, and exonuclease) to mediate 'cistronic rRNA transcript ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) cleavage' (GO:0000448).


laminin-6 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The This Eukaryotic form usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.


RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex

A RNA methyltransferase complex that catalyzes the post-transcriptional methylation of adenosine to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In budding yeast, the MIS complex consists of Mum2p, Ime4p and Slz1p. In vertebrates, the complex consists of METTL3, METTL14 and associated components WTAP, ZC3H13, VIRMA, CBLL1/HAKAI and in some cases of RBM15 (RBM15 or RBM15B).


chloroplast large ribosomal subunit

The large subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


RES complex

A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.


heteromeric SMAD protein complex

A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.


cytoplasmic U snRNP body

A ribonucleoprotein complex that can be visualized as a focus in the cytoplasm, and contains uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) and essential snRNP assembly factors. These U bodies are invariably found in association with P bodies.


CURI complex

A protein complex that is involved in the transcription of ribosomal genes. In Saccharomyces this complex consists of Ckb2p, Utp22p, Rrp7p and Ifh1p.


interleukin-13 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-13; consists of two chains, interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 chain and interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain.


pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).


DNA polymerase III, core complex

The DNA polymerase III core complex consists of the alpha,epsilon and theta subunits and is carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities.


alphaPDGFR-SHP-2 complex

A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


mitochondrial degradosome

A mitochondrial protein complex with 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity that participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts. In humans, the mitochondrial degradosome is a pentameric complex, and in yeast it exists as a heterodimer.


A protein complex that comprises one integrin alphav subunit, one integrin beta5 subunit, and vitronectin.


IPAF inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of three components, IPAF, NAIP and caspase-1, and includes among its functions the sensing of flagellin derived from Legionella pneumophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri.


alpha5-beta1 integrin-fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.


electron transfer flavoprotein complex

A protein complex facilitating the electron transfer from an acyl-CoA molecule to ubiquinone via its flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. Usually contains an alpha and a beta subunit and the structural cofactor adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Part of a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the electron transport system.


single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex

A protein complex that possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent DNA helicase activity.


TAF4B-containing transcription factor TFIID complex

A transcription factor TFIID complex that contains the TBP-associated factor TAF4B (also known as TAFII105 in human), a cell-type-specific variant of TAF4.


pericentric heterochromatin

Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).


radial spoke 2

The radial spoke of each group of radial spokes, whether grouped as triplets or doublets, that is immediately distal to radial spoke 1 (RS1). Radial spoke 2 (RS2), similarly to RS1, is comprised of four domains: 1) a very short base anchored to the A microtubule, 2) an elongaged stalk, 3) a bifurcated neck, and 4) an orthogonal head. The base of RS2 is connected to the tail of the inner dynein arm c.


UBC13-MMS2 complex

A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p.


aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex

A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.


protein phosphatase 4 complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus one or more regulatory subunits.


A protein complex involved in the disassembly and subsequent reassembly of nucleosomes. It associates with the coding region of transcriptionally active genes where it interacts with the RNA polymerase II and affects its processivity during co-transcriptional RNA processing and maturation. It exists as a functionally independent part of the NuA4 complex.


CENP-A containing chromatin

The specialized chromatin located in the centromeric core region or the entire centromeric region in organisms with point centromeres, which is enriched for CENP-A-containing nucleosomes. This chromatin forms a 3-dimensional structure which provides a platform for kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment.


retrograde transporter complex, Golgi to ER

Transporter complex that recognises, binds and returns endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins that have trafficked to Golgi compartments. Targets proteins lacking the HDEL motif recognised by COPI-coated vesicles.


Tapasin-ERp57 complex

Subunit of the MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824) (=PLC) involved in the assembly of the heavy-chain-beta2-microglobulin dimers of the MHC class I molecules that fold with eight to ten residue peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required for the inhibition of the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the heavy chains and the assembly and stabilization of the PLC, suggesting it may play a structural rather than a catalytic role.


translocon complex

A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.


[Ni-Fe] hydrogenase complex

A microbial enzyme complex which contains nickel and iron in its active site. In Acetomicrobium flavidum it is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer.


COPII vesicle coat

One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.


Shc-EGFR complex

A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-paxillin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to paxillin.


RNA polymerase III transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.


integrin alphav-beta5 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta5 subunit.


FACIT collagen trimer

A collagen trimer that associates with collagen fibrils and consists of collagen monomers that contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences.


ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor complex

A protein complex which is capable of ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor activity.


integrin complex

A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.


box H/ACA RNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA of the box H/ACA type and the four core proteins dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 (human protein nomenclature). RNA pseudouridylation (isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine) is the major, and most likely the ancestral, function of H/ACA RNPs. Pseudouridylation targets include both large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA). In addition to these catalytic H/ACA RNPs, a less abundant but more diverse class of structural H/ACA RNPs exists, which does not have pseudouridylation activity. These include the vertebrate telomerase RNP complex.


chromatin silencing complex

Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.


Ragulator complex

A vacuolar membrane-anchored guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex for the Rag GTPases (Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex GO:1990131) in TORC1 signaling pathway. In human, Ragulator is comprised of the membrane anchor subunit LAMTOR1 (Meh1p in S. cerevisiae, Lam1 in S. pombe), a GEF subunit LAMTOR2 ( Slm4 in S. cerevisiae , Lam2 in S. pombe ) , LAMTOR3 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam3 in S. pombe) , LAMTOR4 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam4 in S. pombe), and LAMTOR5 (no S. cerevisiae or S. pombe ortholog identified).


collagen type XXII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXII) chains; type XXII collagen triple helices acts as a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts.


DNA ligase III-XRCC1 complex

A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III and XRCC1, and is involved in base excision repair.


GABA-A receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of GABA-A receptor activity. In human, it is usually composed of either two alpha, two beta and one gamma chain of the GABA-A receptor subunits or 5 chains of the GABA-A receptor subunits rho1-3 (formally known as GABA-C receptor).


viral transcriptional complex

Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in transcribing the viral genome.


ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as a receptor for the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). In humans the receptor complex is a hexamer composed of two molecules each of CNTF and CNTFR and one molecule each of gp130 and LIFR.


Shu complex

A protein complex involved in error-free DNA post-replication repair (PRR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Csm2p, Psy3p, Shu1p, and Shu2p.


alpha11-beta1 integrin-collagen type I complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha11-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type I collagen.


sulfurtransferase complex

A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


radial spoke

Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of a 9+2 type ciliary or flagellar axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.


extracellular exosome complex

A protein complex that is wholly or partially contained within the lumen or membrane of the extracellular vesicular exosome.


alphav-beta3 integrin-collagen alpha3(VI) complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen; the integrin binds most strongly to unfolded collagen.


membrane fusion priming complex

A protein complex that primes vacuolar or vesicular membranes for fusion with other intracellular membranes, by promoting the dissociation of cis-SNARE complexes.


DNA recombinase mediator complex

A protein complex containing accessory proteins which bind a recombinase (e.g. Rad51) and bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and promote nucleation of the recombinase onto ssDNA through facilitating recombinase-RPA exchange.


proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A.


myosin VIII complex

A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VIII is predicted to be dimeric, and contain an unusual 100-190 residue N-terminal extension prior to their motor domains, 3-4 IQ motifs, a short region (~70 residues) of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil and a C-terminal domain.


mitotic septin complex

A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during mitotic cell division.


Rad51B-Rad51C complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B and RAD51C, or orthologs thereof.


bacterial-type flagellum stator complex

A hetero-hexameric complex of 2 membrane proteins, A and B, with stoichiometry A4B2. The A and B proteins form a channel through which flow the ions that power the bacterial-type flagellum. They form the stator, or nonrotating portion, of the flagellum motor with the B protein apparently attached to the peptidoglycan cell wall. Examples include the H+ driven MotA-MotB stator complex of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, and the Na+ driven PomA-PomB stator complex of Vibrio and Shewanella species.


CBF3 complex

A multisubunit protein complex that binds to centromeric DNA and initiates kinetochore assembly. In yeast, this complex consists of four subunits, namely Ctf13p, Skp1p, Cep3p and Cbf2p.


EmrE multidrug transporter complex

A transmembrane protein complex capable of transporting positively charged hydrophobic drugs across the plasma membrane thereby involved in conferring resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds (e.g. methyl viologen, ethidium bromide and acriflavine). It is commonly found in bacteria. In E. coli it forms a homodimer.


RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex

A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.


small ribosomal subunit processing complex

A small heterodimeric protein complex that is required during early maturation of nascent 40S ribosomal subunits. The complex has endonuclease activity, it interacts with the small ribosomal subunit pre-rRNA and cleave it it to produce the mature 18S (or small ribosomal subunit) rRNA. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of Rcl1p and Bms1p.


translation release factor complex

A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).


Noc complex

Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.


Mpp10 complex

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Mpp10p, Imp3p and Imp4p.


SCF-Das1 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Das1 in S. cerevisiae.


integrin alphav-beta6 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta6 subunit.


CBM complex

A protein complex comprising Bcl10, MALT1 and a CARD domain-containing protein (CARD9, CARD10 or CARD11); plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.


U12 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U12, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U12 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U12 snRNA both while the U12 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


MIH complex

A trimeric complex involved in cytokinesis. Proposed to bridge actomyosin ring contraction and septum synthesis in yeast, resulting in the coordination of these processes, and leading to plasma membrane ingression and fusion. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex consists of Mlc1p, Iqg1p and Hof1p proteins.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


radial spoke base 1

The short portion of the radial spoke 1 (RS1) that is directly anchored to the A microtubule of an axonemal microtubule doublet.


photosystem II

A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.


mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex

A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix.


protein complex involved in cell-matrix adhesion

Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.


BRE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

A homodimeric protein complex composed of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1. Plays a role in regulating association of RNA polymerase II with active genes.


FHF complex

A protein complex that is composed of AKTIP/FTS, FAM160A2/p107FHIP, and one or more members of the Hook family of proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2, and HOOK3. The complex is thought to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion, and associates with the homotypic vesicular sorting complex (the HOPS complex).


SL snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains spliced leader (SL) RNA and associated proteins.


thrombospondin complex

A homotrimeric or homopentameric glycoprotein that functions at the interface of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix through its interactions with proteins and proteoglycans, such as collagens, integrins and fibronectin, to regulate matrix structure and cellular behaviour.


Asi complex

A nuclear ubiquitin ligase multiprotein complex located in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) that recognizes and ubiquitinates misfolded INM proteins and also some proteins involved in sterol biosynthesis, during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligases Asi1p and Asi3p.


Tor2-Mei2-Ste11 complex

A protein complex that contains the transcription factor Ste11 and the RNA binding protein Mei2; involved in regulation of conjugation in fission yeast.


DNA helicase A complex

A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.


SMN-Gemin2 complex

A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and Gemin2; may form the stable core of the larger SMN complex.


photosystem

A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. Examples of this component are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in photosynthetic bacterial and archaeal species.


FMN reductase complex

A protein complex capable of FMN reductase activity. Reduces FMN to FMNH2 in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner. In E.coli, consists of a SsuE dimer.


DNA polymerase III, proofreading complex

A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.


mating-type region heterochromatin

Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.


ATP-dependent citrate lyase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA.


fatty acid synthase complex

A multienzyme complex that catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA.


intercalary heterochromatin

Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.


SREBP-SCAP complex

A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in the ER membrane; in the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM2 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM2.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and the extracellular matrix protein NOV.


Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof.


upstream stimulatory factor complex

A protein complex capable of sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity through binding to a symmetrical DNA sequence (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3'). Found in a variety of viral and cellular promoters.


nuclear cap binding complex

A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.


UFD1-NPL4 complex

A dimeric protein complex that contains the co-factors for the ATPase VCP/p97 (Cdc48p in budding yeast). In mammals, this complex consists of UFD1L (UFD1) and NPLOC4 (NPL4). In budding yeast, the complex is a dimer of Ufd1p and Npl4p.


SCF-Skp2 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Skp2 in S. cerevisiae.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof).


RNA polymerase II termination complex

A conserved protein complex capable of 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity. It is able to promote RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription termination by degrading pre-mRNA from the newly formed 5' phosphorylated end.


AP-4 adaptor complex

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta4, epsilon, mu4 and sigma4 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the trans-Golgi network; it is not clear whether AP-4 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 protein complex

A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6).


Nsk1-Dlc1 complex

A dimer of Nsk1 (nucleolus spindle kinetochore 1) and the dynein light chain, Dlc1. The dimers form an oligomeric chain structure. Functions in the regulation of kinetochore-microtubule interactions and chromosome segregation.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding

A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a half transporter. Two half-transporters come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


heterotetrameric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1.


collagen type XXV trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXV) chains; type XXV collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


myosin VI complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.


chloroplast photosystem I

Photosystem located in the chloroplast that functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


VCB complex

A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.


plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.


type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


aminodeoxychorismate synthase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity.


interleukin-2 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-2; comprises alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.


CAK-ERCC2 complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase (CAK) holoenzyme complex with ERCC2.


A transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin structure present in senescent cells. Contains the condensed chromatin of one chromosome and is enriched for histone modifications. Thought to repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes.


xylanosome

A multifunctional supermolecular complex, containing several proteins with hemicellulase activity. Functions to hydrolyze hemicellulose.


alphaV-beta6 integrin-TGFbeta-3 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFbeta-3).


Sec61 translocon complex

A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.


GMP reductase complex

An oxidoreductase complex which is capable of GMP reductase activity. It catalyses the irreversible reaction: GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH => IMP + NADP+ + NH4.


AP-5 adaptor complex

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


Fc-gamma receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


SMC loading complex

A protein complex required for the loading of a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex, such as cohesin, condensin or SMC5/SMC6, onto DNA. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.


ATF4-CREB1 transcription factor complex

Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF4 and CREB1 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') as part of the positive regulation of transcription. Regulatory targets include the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter in humans, whose activation by this complex is part of the ER stress response pathway.


death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10.


PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that contains a catalytic subunit (PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC) and the regulatory subunits PPP1R10 (PNUTS), TOX4 and WDR82, and plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase.


myosin XVIII complex

A myosin complex containing a class XVIII myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XVIII heavy chains contain an N-terminal PDZ domain.


eukaryotic 80S initiation complex

A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.


nuclear pore central transport channel

The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153.


methane monooxygenase complex

A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.


bub1-bub3 complex

Protein complex that associates with the kinetochores.


A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.


Fc-alpha receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-alpha R alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgA.


alpha3-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


myosin XII complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class XII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XII contains a large tail region with two MyTH4 domains and a short region of coiled coil.


AMPA glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus.


chloroplast outer membrane translocon

The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.


Ste12p-Dig1p-Dig2p complex

A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcription regulation of mating genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae.


cell envelope Sec protein transport complex

A transmembrane protein complex involved in the translocation of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. In Gram-negative bacteria, Sec-translocated proteins are subsequently secreted via the type II, IV, or V secretion systems. Sec complex components include SecA, D, E, F, G, Y and YajC.


FACT complex

A histone chaperone complex that facilitates nucleosome disassembly and reassembly upon DNA or RNA polymerase passage.


Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex

A heterodimer GTPase complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains Gtr1p and Gtr2p proteins.


MdtBC Complex

A protein complex containing two transmembrane subunits; a MdtB dimer and one unit of MdtC. Capable of exporting substrates across the cell membrane. Involved in conferring antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria by transporting drugs across the membrane.


Ecsit-NDUFAF1 complex

Any large protein complex that contains Ecsit and NDUFAF1, is located in the mitochondrion, and is involved in the assembly of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation system. In mammalian cells, three complexes of approximately 500, 600, and 850 kDa containing the 45 kDa isoform of Ecsit and NDUFAF1 have been observed.


EFF-1 complex

A trimeric cell-cell fusion complex that serves as a scaffold for zippering up the extracellular domains, bringing the transmembrane segments into close proximity such that they can continue zippering within the two membranes into one. Two prefusion monomers cluster at the surface of adjacent cells. Parallel EFF-1 interactions occur across cells and a third monomer, which can come from either cell, adds on to make an intermediate, extended trimer.


secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex

A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.


Snt2C complex

A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.


divisome complex

A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). These complexes are assembled and recruited to the cell septum in a strictly controlled sequence and co-ordinate invagination of the cell membrane, inward growth of the peptidoglycan layer, constriction of the outer membrane and separation of daughter cells.


toxin-antitoxin complex

A bacterial protein complex that neutralises its own toxin by complexing the toxin with the antitoxin. The antitoxin can be either a protein or an RNA. The neutralising toxin-antitoxin complex also acts as a transcriptional repressor of the toxin-antitoxin operon.


type IV secretion system complex

A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).


transforming growth factor beta complex

A protein complex acting as ligand of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex, typically a homodimer of any of the TFGbeta isoforms. The precursor of TGFbeta proteins is cleaved into mature TGFbeta and the latency-associated peptide (LAP), which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGFbeta rendering it inactive. TGFbeta is activated by dimerization and dissociation of the LAP.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta5 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


D-amino-acid dehydrogenase complex

A protein complex that possesses D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity.


methionine-importing ABC transporter complex

An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex that is capable of methionine-importing activity. An example is the bacterial MetNIQ methionine transporter, that consists of the dimeric ATPase subunit MetN located at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and the dimeric transmembrane subunit MetI. MetQ is regarded as the periplasmic methionine-binding chaperon subunit, and is capable of transporting methionine from the periplasm into the cytoplasm in an ATP-dependent manner.


RNA cap binding complex

A protein complex that binds to an RNA cap structure to mediate RNA processing and/or translation initiation.


chylomicron

A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.


telomere cap complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


NOS2-CD74 complex

A protein complex comprising nitric oxide synthase 2 and CD74. This stable complex formation is thought to prevent CD74 degradation by caspases.


apical tubulobulbar complex

Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between mature spermatids and Sertoli cells at the luminal end of the Sertoli cell.


clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle

A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.


endopeptidase Clp complex

A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt4p homodimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt4p.


inositol phosphoceramide synthase complex

A protein complex that possesses inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity and contains a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (Aur1p and Kei1p, respectively, in Saccharomyces).


hemidesmosome associated protein complex

Any protein complex that is part of or has some part in a hemidesmosome.


Fc receptor complex

A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin.


Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex

A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.


proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


IgW immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgW isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgW immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


protein phosphatase inhibitor complex

A protein-containing complex that inhibits protein phosphatase activity by directly binding to a protein phosphatase.


T cell receptor complex

A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains.


BRCA1-C complex

A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, CtIP and Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 (M/R/N) complex, and binds to DNA at DNA damage sites. BRCA1-C binding ta damaged DNA is required for DNA damage-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and the G2/M transition checkpoint.


activator ecdysone receptor complex

A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.


glycine-gated chloride channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to glycine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


A protein complex that possesses phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity.


Delta1 complex

A protein complex that consists of homodimer of the Notch ligand Delta1.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.


superoxide dismutase complex

A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase activity.


IgA B cell receptor complex

An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


laminin-7 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


ERBB4-EGFR complex

A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1).


interleukin-20 receptor complex

A protein complex composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit and an interleukin ligand. In human, Interleukin-19, -20 and -24 bind IL20RA/IL20RB receptor subunits and Interleukin-20 and -24 bind IL22RA1/IL20RB receptor subunits.


TBK1-IKKE-DDX3 complex

A protein complex containing TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1), IKBKE (I-Kappa-B kinase epsilon/IKKE/IKK-epsilon) and the DEAD box family RNA helicase DDX3.


interleukin-12 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.


translation repressor complex

A protein complex which is capable of translation repressor activity.


Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


MHC class I peptide loading complex

A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.


NADPH oxidase complex

A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.


pituitary gonadotropin complex

A protein complex that is a protein hormone secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. capable of regulating normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.


cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle

A multisubunit complex located in the cytosol of a cell, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.


IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


glutathione synthase complex

A protein complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, and which possesses glutathione synthase activity (catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate). In eukaryotes, the complex is homodimeric, in E. coli glutathione synthase exists as a tetramer, and in S. pombe the complex exists as a homodimer or a heterotetramer.


ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex

A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.


DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex

A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV.


Rad51C-XRCC3 complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51C and XRCC3, or orthologs thereof.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cartilage matrix protein chondroadherin.


integrin alpha6-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


condensed chromatin of inactivated sex chromosome

A condensed form of chromatin that is associated with an inactivated sex chromosome and which is responsible for its inactivation.


Dom34-Hbs1 complex

A protein complex consisting of one subunit known as Dom34 or Pelota that has similarity to translation termination factor eRF1, and another subunit, Hbs1, that is a GTPase with similarity to translation termination factor eRF3. The Dom34-Hbs1 complex has a role in cotranslational mRNA quality control by promoting ribosomal subunit dissociation and peptidyl-tRNA release when translation is stalled, facilitating no-go decay and nonstop decay.


succinate dehydrogenase complex

A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones.


formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (molybdenum enzyme) complex

A protein complex consisting of three polypeptides which also contains molybdenum, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.


TCR signalosome

A multi-protein complex containing at least the T-cell receptor complex and the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) scaffold protein. Also contains a variety of signaling proteins including co-receptors, kinases, phosphatases and adaptors such as CD8. Connects events on the plasma membrane to distal signaling cascades to ultimately modulate T cell biology.


nuclear exosome (RNase complex)

A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive and distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class I

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic and a regulatory subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme, plus one or more adaptor proteins. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. The class I PI3K subfamily of genes comprises members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.


protein-carbohydrate complex

A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and carbohydrate molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.


RPB4-RPB7 complex

A protein complex that cycles between the nucleus where it is part of the RNA polymerase II and the cytoplasmic mRNA processing body where it mediates the two major cytoplasmic mRNA decay pathways.


activated SUMO-E1 ligase complex

A protein complex consisting of a SUMO protein bound to a SUMO activating enzyme complex. Activation by the E1 complex and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I is required for the formation of covalent bonds between SUMO and its ultimate target proteins.


IgM B cell receptor complex

An IgM immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


stereocilia ankle link complex

A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


BRCA1-BARD1 complex

A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.


endodeoxyribonuclease complex

A protein complex which is capable of endodeoxyribonuclease activity.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


SC5b-7 complex

A protein complex that consist of complement components C5b6 and C7 stably inserted in a cell membrane. Formation of the SC5b-7 complex is the first phase of membrane attack complex assembly.


telomere-telomerase complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome.


FANCM-MHF complex

A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.


RNA polymerase V transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase V.


RNA polymerase III transcription repressor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase III promoter.