positive regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


modulation by virus of host cellular process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a virus effects a change in the processes and activities of its host organism.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + sinapoyl-CoA = 2-O-sinapoyl-D-glucarate + CoA.


ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose

The process of generating ATP in the nucleus from poly-ADP-D-ribose. Nuclear ATP generation is required for extensive chromatin remodeling events that are energy-consuming.


CYP79F1 tetrahomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + tetrahomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH <=> 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP + 7-methylthioheptanaldoxime.


protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.


specification of mesonephric nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the mesonephric nephron acquire their identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


nucleus localization

Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADPH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NADP+.


U4atac snRNA binding

Binding to a U4atac small nuclear RNA (U4atac snRNA).


cholesterol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + O2 = cholest-5-en-3-one + H2O2.


positive regulation of T cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.


mannose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.


glycolytic fermentation via PFOR pathway

The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, continuing with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) activity. This pathway is found in strict anaerobes such as Clostridia species.


epiboly

The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells or yolk.


tRNA 3'-terminal CCA addition

Post-transcriptional addition of the terminal 3' CCA sequence to a tRNA which does not encode this sequence within the primary transcript. CCA addition proceeds by the sequential addition of CTP, CTP, and then ATP to the 3' end of the tRNA, yielding a diphosphate with each nucleotide addition.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + glyoxylate.


histone propionyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + histone = CoA + propionyl-histone.


Catalyzes the reaction: N,N-Dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + CO2 + H2O.


alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Alanine is 2-aminopropanoic acid.


histone H4R3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 3 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + eriodictyol + NADPH + O2 <=> 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate luteolin-7-olate(1-) + NADP + 2 H2O.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of cholesterol metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dihydroxyanisole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dimethoxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


synephrine dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: synephrine = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + methylammonium.


chemosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.


regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.


apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.


vestibulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.


3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroshikimate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is also known as protocatechuate.


pollen-stigma interaction

The interactions (or cell to cell communication) that occur between the pollen grain (male gametophyte) and the stigmatic tissues of the female sporophyte after the pollen reaches the stigmatic papillae.


malonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonate, the propanedioate ion.


adult behavior

Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity

Combining with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.


pantoate 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NAD+ = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


response to magnesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.


mesonephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephros are generated and organized.


establishment of endothelial barrier

The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.


hydrogen peroxide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine + ATP + D-alanyl-D-alanine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP.


protein localization to nuclear body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nuclear body.


regulation of stomatal movement

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal movement.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-O-methylisoflavone.


response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + ATP + bicarbonate = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


benzenesulfonate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + HSO3(-) + 4-methylcatechol.


response to exogenous dsRNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.


dendritic cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of dendritic cells such that the total number of dendritic cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.


negative regulation of hippo signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.


The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene, a sulfonated azo compound synthesized by nitro-amine condensation from sulfanilic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid.


protein-transporting ATPase activity

Primary active carrier-mediated transport of a protein across a membrane, driven by the hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond of inorganic pyrophosphate, ATP, or another nucleoside triphosphate. The transport protein may or may not be transiently phosphorylated, but the substrate is not phosphorylated.


sulfur-containing amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfur-containing amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation.


fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(1-) + H2O + a fatty aldehyde <=> NADH(2-) + 2 H+ + a fatty acid.


protein galactosylation

The addition of a galactose molecule to a protein amino acid.


paromomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving paromomycin.


inulosucrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).


medial fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a medial fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


germ-line stem cell population maintenance

Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.


gluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


trioxoheptanoate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate + H2O = acetylpyruvate + acetate.


cephalosporin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


ornithine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = D-ornithine.


regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction.


ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Any ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth

The series of events resulting in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls and contribute to multidimensional cell growth.


fumarylacetoacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H+.


dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dimethylallyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + glucose = 1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


myoblast maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


muconolactone delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-muconolactone = (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


protein storage vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a protein storage vacuole, a storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole.


regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


adaptation to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

In organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic GMP-AMP.


protein octanoylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with octanoic acid.


signal transduction involved in cellular response to ammonium ion

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any signal transduction that is involved in cellular response to ammonium ion.


L-asparagine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


hydrogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving H2 (dihydrogen).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylphenylethylamine + H2O = acetate + phenylethylamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + L-tryptophan = diphosphate + 4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan.


lymph gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.


oligodendrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system.


cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


translation repressor activity, non-nucleic acid binding

Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide but does not bind directly to nucleic acid.


biphenyl metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cell of high endothelial venule

The attachment of a lymphocyte to an endothelial cell of a high endothelial venule (HEV) via adhesion molecules. A HEV cell is an endothelial cell that is cuboidal, expresses leukocyte-specific receptors, and allows for passage of lymphocytes into bloodstream.


negative regulation of intracellular mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication

The process that mediates interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the Purkinje myocyte communicating with a ventricular cardiac muscle cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


formation of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a syncytium, a multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells induced by a symbiotic nematode in a plant host. The syncytium exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glutathione catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.


dichotomous subdivision of prostate epithelial cord terminal unit

The process in which a prostate epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


regulation of SA node cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


protein phosphate-linked glycosylation

The glycosylation of peptidyl-amino acids through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.


embryonic meristem initiation

Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant embryo that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation.


butyrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid.


ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding

Binding to the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP).


regulation of iron export across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


positive regulation of lactose biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.


regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synaptic vesicle cycle.


regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.


S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the S-shaped body is generated and organized. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.


mevalonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mevalonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Mevalonate is the anion of mevalonic acid; its (R)-enantiomer is a strategic intermediate derived from hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA in the biosynthesis of polyprenyl compounds.


azole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


phosphinothricin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphinothricin.


L-proline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-proline from one side of a membrane to the other. L-proline is pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid.


dimethylmalonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylmalonate + H+ = isobutyrate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-trans,octacis-decaprenol <=> dTDP(3-) + alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-1-diphospho-trans,octacis-decaprenol + H+.


lactoferrin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lactoferrin from one side of a membrane to the other.


memory B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a memory B cell. Memory B cells are cells that can respond rapidly to antigen re-exposure by production of high-affinity antibody.


antimicrobial peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


short-day photoperiodism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that falls short of a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


protein branching point deglutamylation

The removal of a branching point glutamate residue. A branching point glutamate connects a glutamate side chain to a gene-encoded glutamate residue.


tri-n-butyltin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tri-n-butyltin, an organometallic compound composed of three butyl chains attached to a tin atom. Tri-n-butyltin is used as an antifouling agent in ship bottom paints and can be toxic to many marine organisms.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 5.


zinc potentiation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission in the presence of zinc. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


regulation of hormone metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.


oncostatin-M receptor activity

Combining with oncostatin-M and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


vestibular receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


transcription by RNA polymerase V

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase V, originating at a Pol V-specific promoter.


galactose-specific flocculation

The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to galactose residues on the other.


calcium-mediated signaling using extracellular calcium source

The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions imported from an extracellular source to convert a signal into a response.


ephrin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by ephrin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


renal amino acid absorption

A renal system process in which amino acids are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.


CDP-abequose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose.


neutrophic extracellular trap formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neutrophil extracellular trap, a network of extracellular fibers primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils, which bind and neutralizes pathogens.


abducens nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


histamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in distinct antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in an organism's soma.


regulation of intracellular mRNA localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.


commitment of multipotent stem cells to neuronal lineage in forebrain

The initial commitment of cells whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into some type of neuron in the forebrain.


connective tissue replacement

The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared.


hair follicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


wobble position ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose base of the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'O position.


positive regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] + H2O = AMP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


maintenance of translational fidelity

Suppression of the occurrence of translational errors, such as codon-anticodon mis-paring, during the process of translation of a protein using an mRNA template.


Spemann organizer formation

Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.


central B cell selection

Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.


L-threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.


regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of dipeptide transport. Dipeptide transport is the directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


chain elongation of O-linked mannose residue

Extension of the O-linked mannose residue of a mannoprotein by the stepwise addition of further mannose molecules.


peptidyl-glutamine modification

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.


histone mRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone.


cellular response to L-thialysine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.


5-pyridoxate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-pyridoxate + NADPH + O2 = 2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate) + NADP+.


stress-induced mitochondrial fusion

Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment, as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis.


leghemoglobin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferrileghemoglobin = NADP+ + 2 ferroleghemoglobin.


cellular response to purine-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation

The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


mesenchymal stem cell migration

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(tele)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


gibberellin A20 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A20 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


CTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + H+ + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.


hindbrain structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


positive regulation of dense core granule transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.


negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.


trans-zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


hypusine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


lipoate-protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the lipoylation of a protein in two steps: ATP + (R)-lipoate + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP + diphosphate (overall reaction): (1) ATP + (R)-lipoate = lipoyl-AMP + diphosphate; (2) lipoyl-AMP + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP.


gamma-curcumene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> gamma-curcumene + diphosphoric acid.


response to pullulan

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.


acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to ammonia (NH3) or an amide via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


myofibroblast differentiation

The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a myofibroblast cell.


fibrous ring of heart morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a fibrous ring of heart is generated and organized.


alpha-chamigrene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> alpha-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


lateral sprouting from an epithelium

The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation on a DNA template.


negative regulation of spore germination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.


cephalosporin-C transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(5-carboxylato-5-oxopentanamido)deacetylcephalosporanate + D-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + cephalosporin C.


IgE binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype.


methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methyl-branched fatty acid.


P-type transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transporter that auto-phosphorylates (hence P) at a key conserved aspartate residue, generating a conformational change that allows transport of the substrate. Hydrolysis of the phosphorylated Asp residue, catalyzed by the actuator (A) domain, results in another state with occluded substrates. Upon dissociation of Mg2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi), the enzyme reverts to the initial state, in which the counter-transported substrate is released into the cytosol.


molybdenum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of molybdenum (Mo) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


maintenance of cell polarity

The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of JAK1 activity

Any process in which interferes with a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1).


mesonephric tubule development

The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


regulation of epidermal cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.


capsorubin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsorubin.


peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartyl aldehyde

The reduction of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-aspartyl aldehyde, as found photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein.


positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


septate junction assembly

The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space.


regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


microfibril assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of microfibril.


NAD-dependent protein biotinidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-biotinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-biotinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


autophagic cell death

A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.


interleukin-5 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


vitamin D metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


regulation of chemokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.


protein-phosphocysteine-L-ascorbate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + L-ascorbate(out) = protein cysteine + L-ascorbate-6-phosphate(in).


neuron differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the neurons of the salivary gland.


L-threonine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH3.


D-allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


sulfate ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


syn-stemod-13(17)-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemod-13(17)-ene + diphosphate.


cell rearrangement involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The movement of an epithelial cell with respect to other epithelial cells that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.


sorbitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


ceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid.


embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


salivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


steroid 21-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A C(21) steroid + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = a 21-hydroxy-C(21)-steroid + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


diaminobutyrate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + H+ = 1,3-diaminopropane + CO2.


protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basolateral regions of the plasma membrane.


ABC-type teichoic acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + teichoic acid(in) = ADP + phosphate + teichoic acid(out).


regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


response to sodium arsenite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.


negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


negative regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


clearance of cells from fusion plate by apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by removing cells in the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis,cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate + OH- = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + acetate.


dihydrozeatin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)dihydrozeatin + UDP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).


plant-type cell wall loosening

The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


fractalkine production

The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


nor-spermidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


negative regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


pyridine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


myelin maintenance

The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.


carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via inhibition of actin polymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that disrupts the host actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting host actin from polymerizing. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-sorbose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 5-methylthiopentylhydroximate <=> H+ + 4-methylthiobutyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


positive regulation of aldosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


light adaption

The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light.


phosphoglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphoglycerates from one side of a membrane to the other. Phosphoglycerates are important intermediates in glycolysis and 3-phosphoglycerate is a precursor in serine biosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + a 2-oxo acid = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + an L-amino acid.


ethylbenzene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + ethylbenzene + H2O = (S)-1-phenylethanol + AH(2).


regulation of synoviocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a bacterium, the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


cardiac cell fate determination

The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


uterine epithelium development

The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


cytochrome P450 dependent 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 12,13beta-epoxy-16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it.


acetoin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + NADH + H+.


pollen aperture formation

The cellular component assembly process of forming pollen apertures, areas where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen cell wall.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste

The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


lys-lys specific dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two consecutive lysine amino acid residues within a protein.


pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


phosphocholine transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate.


dopaminechrome tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopaminechrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole.


imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.


cardiac ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the epicardium acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.


negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


egg-laying behavior

A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.


polar nucleus fusion

The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.


ectodermal placode morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


response to D-galactosamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylsalicylate + H+ = 3-cresol + CO2.


angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline

The directed movement of angioblasts from the lateral mesoderm to the midline which occurs as part of the formation of the early midline vasculature.


ubiquitin-like protein-specific endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within a small protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO).


cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the execution phase of apoptosis.


body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized.


tyramine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tyramine = N-methyltyramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


psychosine sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + galactosylsphingosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + psychosine sulfate.


galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyllactosamine + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. N-acetyllactosamine residues are found in a number of different carbohydrate types. N-acetyllactosamine can also be written as Gal-beta-(1,4)-GlcNAc.


envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


mating

The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.


regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.


17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + isocitrate = 2-caffeoylisocitrate + CoA.


UV-A, blue light phototransduction

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.


regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


donor selection

The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.


secondary metabolite catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


ecdysteroid 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 2.


bicyclogermacrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bicyclogermacrene.


regulation of gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


cellular response to capsazepine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate + H2O = hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate + phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + (S)-N-methylcanadine = H2O + NADP+ + allocryptopine.


glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


acid-thiol ligase activity

Catalysis of the joining of an acid and a thiol via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


neuronal ion channel clustering

The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.


regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


polyterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.


triose-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate.


growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with growth hormone-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


cellular response to vitamin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.


endothelial cell development

The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone.


negative regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


N,N-dimethylformamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylformamide + H2O = dimethylamine + formate.


11beta-hydroxyprogesterone binding

Binding to 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone.


response to hydrostatic pressure

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.


carnitine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + H+ = 2-methylcholine + CO2.


prostaglandin receptor activity

Combining with a prostaglandin (PG) to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization

The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.


xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a xanthone-containing compound.


intracellular abscisic acid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of abscisic acid within a cell.


neural plate mediolateral regionalization

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random mediolateral spatial arrangement of the neural plate.


negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.


plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a plasma lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the esterification of cholesterol by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO2.


negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.


anterior neuropore closure

The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.


ecgonine methyl ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonine methyl ester.


miRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.


Binding to tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamate) polymer.


intracellularly ATP-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


trypanothione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = trypanothione + ADP + phosphate.


embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


clavaminate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O; proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O; and dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = clavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.


regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + H2O = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + chloride + H+ + NH4.


afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+.


oligosaccharyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


heme receptor activity

Binding specifically to heme to deliver it to a transport vesicle.


embryonic camera-type eye development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


maternal process involved in female pregnancy

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.


minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


cellular response to glucose-phosphate stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of glucose-phosphate.


peptide deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-L-methionyl peptide + H2O = formate + methionyl peptide.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of presynaptic cytosolic free calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator.


regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


cellular response to bleomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.


UCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCU codon.


sarcosine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2.


Golgi membrane fusion

The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane.


limonene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


TTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTDP + H+ + phosphate.


alcohol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP.


3-phenylpropionate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid.


peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine

The modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.


toluate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylbenzoate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 1,2-dihydroxymethylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate.


caveola assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a caveola. A caveola is a plasma membrane raft that forms a small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.


positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


vesicle tethering to endoplasmic reticulum

The initial, indirect interaction between a transport vesicle membrane and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior fusion.


tRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation

Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.


regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.


peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


response to alcohol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


pigment cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.


sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.


epoxygenase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.


glycogen debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of branch points in branched glycogen polymers.


antifungal peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from the conserved C-terminal lysine residue of a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


root epithelial mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the presynaptic membrane potential.


protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex of the cell tip.


smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary.


L-kynurenine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-kynurenine from one side of a membrane to the other.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription

A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary RNA polymerase II transcript.


pentose catabolic process to propan-2-ol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to propan-2-ol.


hexitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaflet are generated and organized.


dITP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dITP (deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate). dITP is a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


K63-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys63 residue of ubiquitin.


cellular response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


alkylmercury lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alkylmercury + H+ = an alkane + Hg2+.


fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that results in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


pigment granule dispersal

The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.


regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ligand-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.


positive regulation of oocyte development

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp).


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerophosphate(n) + CDP-glycerol = glycerophosphate(n+1) + CMP.


alpha-farnesene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.


imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


cellular response to oleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


RNA polymerase I assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I complex.


cell wall modification involved in abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.


negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


DN4 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN4 thymocyte. A DN4 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44-,CD25-.


aminomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.


positive regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal trnasition.


positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


nodal signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


morphogenesis of follicular epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized.


regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


methionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


positive regulation of telium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


aldose 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.


serine O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the serine molecule.


regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


double-stranded DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a double-stranded DNA molecule by creating internal breaks.


stomatal complex formation

The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


pancreatic bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud.


maintenance of lens transparency

A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.


UUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUC codon.


otic vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


tetracycline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-iditol + NAD+ = D-sorbose + NADH.


response to lipoteichoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by light sensitive cells in the integument.


regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


hedgehog receptor activity

Combining with a member of the hedgehog protein family and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


L-iduronidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-L-iduronosidic linkages in dermatan sulfate.


dormancy entry of symbiont in host

Entry into a dormant state of the symbiont within the host organism.


ABC-type thiosulfate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiosulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiosulfate(in).


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate = 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + H+ + 2 e- + CO2.


UDP-D-glucose:cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside = shisonin + UDP + H+.


scab formation

Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


protein localization to postsynaptic membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a postsynaptic membrane.


vestibular nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of penile erection

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


spermidine:feruloyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a feruloyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


siderophore metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


positive regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


purine alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


peptidyl-lysine N6-acetylation

The acetylation of the peptidyl-lysine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along the plane of an excitable membrane. Action potentials typically propagate once triggered because the depolarization of adjacent membrane regions due to an action potential crosses the firing threshold.


dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.


cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


Leydig cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


directional guidance of interneurons involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that control the direction of migration of interneurons as a component of the process of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


peptidyl-lysine carboxylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.


phosphoarginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates.


cellular response to tellurium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which a cell of the mammary placode becomes a cell of the mammary gland bud.


inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


positive regulation of flocculation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation.


galactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactosamine is an aminodeoxysugar; D-galactosamine is a constituent of some glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, commonly as its N-acetyl derivative.


positive regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


negative regulation of leaf development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + ferulate + H+.


lateral root branching

Any process involved in the formation of branches in lateral roots.


renal water retention

The process in which renal water excretion is decreased.


pronephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron.


regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.


nopaline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.


thioglucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thioglucoside + H2O = a thiol + a sugar.