microtubule anchoring at microtubule organizing center

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a microtubule organizing center.


N-terminal protein lipidation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the amino terminus of a protein.


positive adaptation of signaling pathway

The positive regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


protein depropionylation

The removal of a propionyl group from a residue in a peptide or protein.


keto acid formate lyase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA = propionyl-CoA + formate.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


acetolactate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-zeatin + H+ + UDP.


ketotetrose-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythrulose 1-phosphate = formaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.


trans-cinnamate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-cinnamate + ATP + CoA = (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


baicalin beta-D-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: baicalin + H2O = baicalein + D-glucuronate.


myofibroblast contraction

The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a myofibroblast.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


deethylatrazine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deethylatrazine + O2 = 2 CH3COCH3 + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.


metestrus

The estrous cycle phase in which there is subsiding follicular function.


negative regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


positive regulation of encysted zoospore germination

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination.


aristolochene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-n = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-n.


tendon formation

The process that gives rise to a tendon. This process pertains to the initial formation of a tendon from unspecified parts.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a intermediate mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


astrocyte fate commitment

The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte.


apiose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.


larval burrowing behavior

Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste

The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin = acrylate + dimethyl sulfide + H+.


hydroxylamine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + H2O + acceptor = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor.


response to magnetism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.


stachyose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 raffinose <=> stachyose + sucrose.


positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


phototransduction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.


temporomandibular joint articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of temporomandibular joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proboscis morphogenesis, clypeo-labral disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-hydroxygeranial + NADP <=> (6E)-8-oxogeranial + NADPH + H+.


organotin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organotin, an organic compound containing a tin atom.


termination of T cell signal transduction

The signaling process in which T cell signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.


regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.


smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


24-ethylidenelophenol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-ethylidenelophenol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


U2 snRNA binding

Binding to a U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA).


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate.


plant epidermis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the plant epidermis are generated and organized.


trans-zeatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.


anterior visceral endoderm cell migration

The orderly movement of an anterior visceral endoderm cell from one site to another.


negative regulation of wound healing

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.


superior colliculus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior colliculus is also known as the optic tectum or simply tectum and is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + dimethylsulfonioacetate = (methylthio)acetate + L-methionine + H+.


cellular response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


bradykinin receptor activity

Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.


dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells

Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa.


3-sulfolactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate + NAD+ = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


cobalamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


cystathionine gamma-synthase activity (acts on O-phosphohomoserine)

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O-phosphonato-L-homoserine = L-cystathionine + hydrogenphosphate.


peptidyl-proline di-hydroxylation

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.


positive regulation of penile erection

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methylpseudouridine.


metanephric podocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


cytochrome c biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytochrome c.


cell-cell adhesion involved in synapse maturation

The attachment of the pre-synaptic cell to the post-synaptic cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to synapse maturation.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.


interleukin-28B production

The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


furylfuramide isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide = (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide.


accessory nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the accessory nerve is generated and organized. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


positive regulation of embryonic development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


methylguanosine-cap decapping

Cleavage of the 5'-methylguanosine-cap of an mRNA. The methylguanosine-cap is present at the 5'-end of eukaryotic mRNAs. Decapping inactivates translation initiation and promotes 5'-to-3' decay of mRNA.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that reduces the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.


protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (20S)-protopanaxadiol + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ <=> protopanaxatriol + NADP + H2O.


artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.


taurine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


positive regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.


response to diterpene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = benzoate + NADPH + H+.


cinnamic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


hippocampal interneuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal interneuron.


L-lysine efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-lysine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation

The process in which the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for flagellated sperm to reach fertilization competence.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


glycosylceramide flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of glycosylceramide from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Glycosylceramides are ceramides containing a functional group derived from a sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + oxomalonate = aminomalonate + pyruvate.


sternite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the sternite are generated and organized. The sternite is the plate or sclerite on the underside of a body segment.


(R)-mevalonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-mevalonic acid.


indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


septum primum development

The progression of the septum primum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


phosphocreatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.


negative regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.


mannitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mannitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + isobutyrate.


neuropeptide processing

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a neuropeptide precursor. Processing leads to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the neuropeptide.


regulation of humoral immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = biphenyl-2,3-diol + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


putrescine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine = N-methylputrescine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


low-affinity IgA receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


positive regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in nitriles

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a nitrile, a compound containing the cyano radical, -CN.


Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of cellotriose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


ABC-type D-galactofuranose transporter

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactofuranose + ATP + H2O <=> alpha-D-galactofuranose + hydrogenphosphate + ADP + H+.


regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


CTP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CTP, cytidine triphosphate.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.


central nervous system myelination

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


establishment of septation initiation network asymmetry

The septation initiation signaling process by which the activity of the septation initiation network (SIN) is activated asymmetrically on the spindle pole bodies.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


negative regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


carbapenem biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbapenem.


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + sn-glycerol-1-phosphate = NAD(P)H + H+ + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate.


xylulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate.


helvolic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of helvolic acid.


tetrose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


4-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


tocopherol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol.


regulation of encysted zoospore germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an encysted zoospore germination.


trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


cellular response to tropane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.


butirosin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving butirosin.


negative regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


gibberellin A4 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 16alpha,17-epoxy gibberellin A4 + H2O + NAD(P).


iduronate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin.


response to cobalamin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.


cellular response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ergosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-ergosterol.


vicianin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-vicianin + H2O = mandelonitrile + vicianose.


cardiac chamber formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate + 2H+.


diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.


histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me2.


protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton.


negative regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.


chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells of the ectoplacental cone acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylinositol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylinositol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


protein heterotetramerization

The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.


ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a phosphoric ester bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


negative regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.


negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


phenazine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenazine antibiotic, a polycyclic pyrazine with two nitrogen atoms in the ring.


modulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility

The process in which an organism effects a change in the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


apelin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by apelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


stress response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a metal ion stimulus.


entry into host cell by a symbiont-containing vacuole

The invasion by a symbiont of a cell of a host organism, forming a vacuole in which the symbiont resides. The vacuole membrane is formed from lipids and proteins derived from both host and symbiont. Begins when the symbiont attaches on to the host cell membrane which invaginates and deepens as the symbiont enters, and ends when the host cell membrane closes behind the newly-formed vacuole.


regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.


L-sorbose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.


peptidyl-lysine guanylylation

The guanylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine.


negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.


adenine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenine, 6-aminopurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


isonocardicin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nocardicin E = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+ + isonocardicin A.


positive regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.


cellular response to cycloalkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.


cellular response to freezing

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.


histone H3K deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H3.


cellular response to anoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


xylose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose = D-xylulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + ponciretin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing S-S bonds

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more sulfur-sulfur bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.


perchlorate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perchlorate + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chlorate + H2O.


pertubation of host canonical NF-kappaB cascade

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a canonical NF-kappaB-mediated signaling cascade in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


taxis to electron acceptor

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an alternative electron acceptor, for example, nitrate.


GUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUG codon.


U2 snRNP binding

Binding to a U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


nuclear estrogen receptor activity

Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.


cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the salivary gland.


regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a natural killer cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


carveol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,5R)-carveol + NADP+ = (R)-carvone + H+ + NADPH.


Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


albendazole monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: albendazole + H+ + NADPH + O2 = albendazole S-oxide + H2O + NADP+.


metanephric tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.


left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


prostaglandin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostaglandin.


response to nitric oxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.


NAD binding

Binding to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.


regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


cardiac septum cell differentiation

The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum.


vasodilation involved in acute inflammatory response

An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


telomere capping

A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.


lactoyl-CoA dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


MHC protein complex binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex.


FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione + NADH + H+ + O2 <=> 5-hydroxyisouric acid + NAD + H2O.


positive regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-serine in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-L-serine-peptide.


regulation of somatostatin secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


detection of abiotic stimulus

The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


T cell differentiation in thymus

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus.


icosanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of icosanoid.


lipopolysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lipopolysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


negative regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


cysteine-type exopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C- or N-terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


D-leucine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-leucine.


regulation of arachidonic acid secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.


acetate fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


anthocyanin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins that occur in plants. They are responsible from most of the scarlet, purple, mauve and blue coloring in higher plants, especially of flowers.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host reactive oxygen species generation

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the host signal transduction pathways leading to the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


substituted mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannan backbone composed of D-mannose unites, substituted with D-glucose and/or D-galactose units.


DIF dechlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one => 1-[(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one + Cl-.


detection of maltose stimulus

The series of events in which a maltose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 2,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via gene conversion

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through gene conversion.


ADP-thymidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + thymidine = AMP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.


embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized.


regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose + 2-oxoglutarate = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose + L-glutamate.


induction of positive chemotaxis

Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


positive regulation of maltotriulose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.


integrated stress response signaling

The series of molecular signals generated in response to diverse stress stimuli required to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha by one of four members of the eIF2a kinase family (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2), which leads to a decrease in global protein synthesis and the induction of selected genes, including the transcription factor ATF4, that together promote cellular recovery.


aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite via pyruvic oxime

The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxylamine is produced enzymatically, and, in the presence of pyruvate, forms pyruvic oxime in a spontaneous, non-enzymatic reaction; pyruvic oxime is then converted to nitrite.


O-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


proteasome core complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active 20S proteasome core particle complex that does not contain any regulatory particles.


spinal cord interneuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A spinal cord interneuron is a CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord.


regulation of opsonization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opsonization.


gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract).


cerebellum structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala) = UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-N6-(L-alanyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + tRNA(Ala).


detection of folic acid

The series of events in which a folic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of septation initiation signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.


determination of intestine left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the intestine loops with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine.


hexitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexitol + acceptor = hexose + reduced acceptor.


prolactin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the peptide hormone prolactin to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.


negative regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


histone succinylation

The modification of a histone by the addition of an succinyl group.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monocarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = monocarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).


glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a glucuronosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronosides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of glucuronate.


interferon-epsilon production

The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to cyclopentenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


positive regulation of cilium movement

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


epicardium morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an epicardium is generated and organized.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

The series of events involved in the perception of touch in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


haltere development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings.


homoserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


zygotene

The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.


C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the ventricular septum.


L-tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


5-aminolevulinate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ammoniolevulinate + coenzyme A + ATP <=> 5-aminolevulinyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


regulation of granulocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures.


single-strand selective uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases present in single-stranded DNA.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide.


response to activity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.


left horn of sinus venosus development

The progression of the left horn of the sinus venosus from its initial formation to the mature structure.


copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: copal-8-ol diphosphate <=> 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


negative regulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity

The process in which a host organism decreases viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.


UDP-D-glucose:delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside -O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside <=> H+ + delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + UDP.


tiggrin receptor activity

Combining with the extracellular matrix ligand tiggrin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.


methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH.


axonogenesis involved in innervation

The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue.


temperature-gated cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).


hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.


cellular senescence

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.


positive regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development

Any G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in dauer larval development.


rolling circle viral DNA replication

A process of unidirectional viral DNA replication that takes place on a circular DNA to rapidly produce numerous copies of the viral genome. Involves creating a nick in one strand of the circular DNA molecule at the origin of replication. DNA is then synthesized by DNA polymerase. Using the non-nicked strand as a template, replication proceeds around the circular DNA molecule, displacing the nicked strand as single-stranded DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = NDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.


lens fiber cell morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


suppression by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


apical dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the apical neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.


macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


maltose glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maltose = 2 glucose.


negative regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching

Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.


negative regulation of microglia differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


light-independent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the absence of light.


neural tube patterning

The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.


regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acylglycerol molecule.


response to strigolactone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + NAD+ = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + NADH + H+.


negative energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


callose deposition in cell wall

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + O2 = 5-(3-carboxylato-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)-4,6-dihydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate + H+.


seed maturation

A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.


flavone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).


transmembrane ascorbate ferrireductase activity

Oxidation of Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) on the outer side of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.


synaptic receptor adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that provides a physical support bridging a synaptic signaling receptor and a downstream signaling molecule.


p-benzoquinone reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-benzoquinone + H+ + NADPH = hydroquinone + NADP+.


response to candesartan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a candesartan stimulus.


response to asparaginase

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an asparaginase stimulus.


branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


cell proliferation involved in pronephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the pronephros.


establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.


positive regulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


egg coat formation

Construction of an egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-6 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


response to norepinephrine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


ascaroside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascaroside.


arginine N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + L-arginine = CoA + N2-succinyl-L-arginine.


sterigmatocystin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


cardiac endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


nucleoside oxidase (hydrogen peroxide-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: adenosine + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + 2 hydrogen peroxide.


cutin-based cuticle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cutin-based cuticle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cutin-based cuticle is an extracellular structure composed of a covalently linked macromolecular scaffold of cutin and a variety of organic solvent-soluble lipids that are collectively termed waxes. Such structures are found on the external face of polysaccharide cell walls in land plants.


anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


megakaryocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.


positive regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.


hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzene-1,2,4-triol + O2 = 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate.


terpene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.


acetylenic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetylenic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C).


morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.


positive regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


oral incubation

A parental behavior in which fertilized eggs are taken into the mouth and held until hatching.


chondrocyte activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.


butanediol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


conidium germination

The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a conidium or asexual spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of development such as swelling of conidia, adhesion and nuclear decondensation followed by hyphal growth several hours later. In many genera of plant pathogenic fungi (e.g. Magnaporthe, Colletotrichum, Ustilago), swelling of the hyphal tips to form appressorium, metabolic activities including respiration, RNA and protein synthesis and trehalose breakdown and changes in cell wall composition can be detected in conidium germination.


regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


thiol-driven fumarate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B = succinate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B + heterodisulfide.


positive regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.


positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


L-methionine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


determination of left/right asymmetry in nervous system

The establishment of the nervous system with respect to the left and right halves.


regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.


envenomation resulting in blood vessel extracellular matrix damage, causing hemorrhagic damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


chondrocyte intercalation involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a chondrocyte from one site to another that contributes to the shaping of growth plate cartilage in an endochondral bone.


inositol heptakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate, and ATP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.


monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 monodehydroascorbate = NAD+ + 2 ascorbate.


protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a methyl group to either of the unmethylated terminal nitrogen atoms (also called omega nitrogen) in peptidyl-arginine to form an omega-N-G-monomethylated arginine residue. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-Nomega-methyl-L-arginine.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


squalene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: presqualene diphosphate + NADPH = squalene + NADP+ + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + H2O <=> H+ + indole-3-acetate + beta-D-glucose.


7-oxatyphasterol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + typhasterol + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxatyphasterol + NADP + H2O.


MutSalpha complex binding

Binding to a MutSalpha mismatch repair complex.


adult visceral muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nicotianamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-beta-carotene + O2 = 2 all-trans-retinal.


Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.


anaerobic catabolism of pairs of amino acids

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids; in these reactions, one amino acid is oxidised (acts as an electron donor) and a different amino acid is reduced (acts as an electron acceptor); oxidation of the electron-donating amino acid yields energy in the form of ATP.


regulation of heat dissipation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat dissipation.


response to glucoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


hemocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


guanidinobutyrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + urea.


regulation of intracellular transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.


mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


zeinoxanthin epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: zeinoxanthin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = lutein + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.


regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


trimethyluric acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + O2 + NADH + 3 H+ <=> 1,3,7-trimethyl-5-hydroxyisourate + NAD + H2O.


kidney mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a kidney mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.


tetrahydrocorphin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrocorphins, tetrapyrroles that combine the structural elements of both porphyrins and corrins.


negative regulation of ornithine catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.


histone H2B acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


pedicel mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the flower stem.


caudal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion.


negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.


pyochelin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + uracil 5-carboxylate = CO2 + uracil.


disruption by symbiont of host opsonization

Any process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops opsonization by the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


linoleic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


L-lysine 4-chlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + chloride + H+ + L-lysine + O2 = 4-chloro-L-lysine + CO2 + H2O + succinate.


histone H3T6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 6) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 6) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 6 of histone H3.


tyrosine phenol-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + H2O = NH4 + phenol + pyruvate.


propane-1,3-diamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diamine + H2O + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


alpha-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->4) linkage.


thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thiosulfate ions, S2O3(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


9,12-cis-hexadecadienoic acid delta 15 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoA + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 9,12,15-cis-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-substituted L-cysteine + acetyl-CoA = S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine + CoA + H+.


GDP-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + GDP + H+.


cellular response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.


epithelial cell migration involved in distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to distal tubule morphogenesis.


chlorobenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-unsubstituted benzenoid + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,3-cis-dihydroxydihydrobenzenoid + NAD(P)+. Substrates include 1,4-dichlorobenzene (forms 3,6-dichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene), 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (forms cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (forms 3,4,6-trichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene).


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ATP = ADP + CO2 + H+ + isopentenyl diphosphate + phosphate.


superoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanal + H2O + NAD+ = 4-guanidinobutanoate + 2 H+ + NADH.


endonucleolytic cleaveage between 4.5S rRNA and 5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5S rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (also known as Lindane), the most common form of hexachlorohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.


hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


protein deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate.


hepatic immune response

An immune response taking place in the liver.


forebrain neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


tagatose-6-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-tagatose 6-phosphate = ADP + D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate.


vitamin D4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D4, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.


versicolorin B desaturase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: versicolorin B + NADPH + O2 <=> versicolorin A + NADP+ + 2 H2O. Uses heme-thiolate as a co-factor. Involved in the synthesis of aflatoxins in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-glycan = galactose-beta-1,3-N-glycan + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: [oligomeric (1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


teichuronic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: icosanoyl-CoA + dodecan-1-ol = arachidoyl dodecanoate + coenzyme A.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


G-protein gated monoatomic ion channel activity

An ion channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.


regulation of ferrochelatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrochelatase activity; catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = protoheme + 2 H+.


apolipoprotein receptor activity

Combining with an apolipoprotein to initiate a change in cell activity.


lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-16:0-2-18:2-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-16:0-2-18:3-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


negative regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.


alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


neuron projection arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.


3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


selenocysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.


threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.


cellular response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


response to cell size control checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell size control checkpoint signaling.


regulation of lactation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.


regulation of corticosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.


sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


transcription elongation by mitochondrial RNA polymerase

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at mitochondrial promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a mitchondrial RNA polymerase.


occlusion by symbiont of host xylem

The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the host xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


chloromuconate cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate.


evasion by virus of host natural killer cell activity

Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's natural killer (NK) cells.


positive regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine released from the nerve endings.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 4-hydroxybutanoate.


temperature compensation of the circadian clock

The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.


diamine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine.


negative regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).


adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


epiblast cell-extraembryonic ectoderm cell signaling involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an epiblast cell to an extraembryonic ectoderm cell that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-L-arabinose + diphosphate.


ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB4 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> 4-coumaroylhexanoylmethane + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


protein localization to astral microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an astral microtubule.


renal absorption

A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


siRNA transcription

The transcription of a small interfering RNA from an RNA template.


regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


peptidyl-lysine glutarylation

The glutarylation of a lysine residue in a protein.


adaxial/abaxial pattern specification

The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


negative regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination

The process that results in the release of migrating cells from their interaction with radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


ureide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.


monocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


cell proliferation in midbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.


ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.


negative regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


ionotropic salty taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a soluble salty compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


allantoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(+)-allantoin = (R)-(-)-allantoin.


G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G protein-coupled receptor = ADP + G protein-coupled receptor phosphate.


acetyl-CoA binding

Binding to acetyl-CoA, an acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component.


negative regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


peptidyl-threonine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine.


peptide butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-butyryl-lysine-peptide.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1->4)-D-glucosidic linkage in 4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanosyl}n trehalose to yield trehalose and alpha-(1->4)-D-glucan.


cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


methylselenol demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylselenol + H2O => H2Se + CH3OH.


pectoral fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


determination of affect

Any process in which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation.


corpora quadrigemina development

The progression of the corpora quadrigemina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpora quadrigemina is a part of the midbrain that is made up of the superior and inferior colliculi.


endothelial cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of an endothelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


UDP-glucose: N-methylanthranilate glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylanthranilate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = N-methylanthraniloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.


homeostasis of number of meristem cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the meristem.


negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.


thiamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine + 2 O2 = thiamine acetic acid + 2 H2O2.


positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate.


bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.


regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


His-Purkinje system cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the His-Purkinje system. These cells form the fibers regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthotoxol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + xanthotoxin. Xanthotoxol is also known as 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin and xanthotoxin as 8-methoxyfuranocoumarin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> valerena-4,7(11)-diene + diphosphoric acid.


style development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the style over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The style is an elongated part of a carpel, or group of fused carpels, and it lies between the ovary and the stigma.


alpha-D-glucan binding

Binding to alpha-D-glucan.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


regulation of fertilization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> apigenin-7-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.