rhombomere 4 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


luciferin monooxygenase activity

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Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.


positive regulation of embryonic pattern specification

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Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.


left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


tRNA-specific adenosine-37 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + H2O + NADP+.


atrazine N-dealkylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + O2 + 2 H+ = deethylatrazine + acetaldehyde + H2O.


regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


ground tissue pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the ground tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = citrazinate + reduced acceptor.


catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom.


epinephrine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


D-serine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


myoblast fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


cell proliferation involved in kidney development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the kidney.


response to fluoride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.


all-trans-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> all-trans-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


U5 snRNA binding

Binding to a U5 small nuclear RNA (U5 snRNA).


establishment of bipolar cell polarity involved in cell morphogenesis

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that contribute to cell morphogenesis. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


copper chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. A copper chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


negative regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.


detection of sucrose stimulus

The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in pattern specification process

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within an oocyte that results in a pattern being established in the embryo.


regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanin betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose.


nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ = L-xylulose + CO2.


negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


cerebral cortex neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex.


glutamate-putrescine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + putrescine = gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


biotin carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.


L-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + O2 + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


gastrulation with mouth forming first

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.


protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a mitochondrial membrane.


posterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the posterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: microsomal-membrane protein + diphosphate = diphosphate + O-phospho-microsomal-membrane protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methylnaphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.


hyaluronic acid binding

Binding to hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.


peptidyl-histidine modification

The modification of peptidyl-histidine.


macrophage fusion

The binding and fusion of a macrophage to one or more other cells to form a multinucleated cell.


glucuronan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl end + (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylaniline + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + isopropylamine.


endosulfan hemisulfate sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hemisulfate + H2O = endosulfan monoalcohol + 2 H+ + sulfate.


nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.


positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


regulation of bile acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue.


fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumitremorgin B.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA.


xanthophyll cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.


maintenance of neuroblast polarity

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity

Facilitating the removal of a protein or protein complex from a DNA molecule driven by ATP hydrolysis. This can be achieved for example by introducing non-canonical DNA structures or generating torque to directly inhibit a protein-DNA binding interaction.


positive regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.


redox taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.


photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I

After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


regulation of epidermis development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


DNA synthesis involved in mitochondrial DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication.


quinone binding

Binding to a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds.


initiation of movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The initial stages of cell motility involved in the glial-mediated movement of cells in the developing cerebral cortex.


positive regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.


cysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


mercury ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mercury (Hg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + ATP = 5-methyldeoxycytidine diphosphate + ADP + H+.


brexanolone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform brexanolone.


nicotinamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms.


positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


nitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitriles, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom. The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition; for example, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile.


flavonoid binding

Binding to a flavonoid, a compound containing two or more aromatic rings, each bearing at least one aromatic hydroxyl and connected with a carbon bridge.


microglial cell proliferation

The expansion of a microglial cell population by cell division.


selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Binding to a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS), a regulatory sequence within mRNA which directs incorporation of a selenocysteine at a stop codon (UGA) during translation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


suppression by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


geranylgeranyl reductase activity

Catalysis of the formation of phytyl group from the stepwise reduction of a geranylgeranyl group.


DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex, i.e. a double helix in which a strand of DNA pairs with a complementary strand of RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-leucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-leucine is 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


tight junction assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy, 4-beta-methyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


lipid ubiquitination

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a lipid.


embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.


ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES

The transcription of non-coding RNA associated with transcriptional start and end sites of protein coding genes. This occurs at some low level for many protein coding genes.


DNA primase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases.


response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

Any negative regulation of vasculature development that is involved in developing an avascular cornea of a camera-type eye.


caudate nucleus development

The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine + octanoyl-CoA = (S)-octanoylcarnitine + CoA.


mitochondrial protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mitochondrial protein. This process is necessary to maintain the healthy state of mitochondria and is thought to occur via the induction of an intramitochondrial lysosome-like organelle that acts to eliminate the damaged oxidised mitochondrial proteins without destroying the mitochondrial structure.


oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 O2 + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H2O2 + protoporphyrin IX.


glutamic-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


Catalysis of the reaction: desacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = desacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2.


light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion

The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


anoikis

Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


catalytic activity, acting on a tRNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a tRNA.


peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.


membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.


O-glycan processing, core 1

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline = UDP + Skp1-protein-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)hydroxyproline.


modulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that decreased the extent of cell adhesion that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


CGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGA codon.


aerobic lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the presence of oxygen.


nitrate reductase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome + nitrate = ferricytochrome + nitrite.


memory T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a memory T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


cellular response to calcium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


Malpighian tubule principal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule principal cell. A Malpighian tubule principal cell is an epithelial secretory cell that transports cations into the lumen of the tubule.


hepatocyte homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.


chondroitin sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


detection of cell density

The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to dinitrophenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.


negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


oligosaccharide transporting porin activity

Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-valine + ATP = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-valine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


amidinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an amidino group to an acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.


endodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: quinolin-2-ol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dihydroquinoline + NAD+.


asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


otic vesicle formation

The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP+ = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + phosphoramidate = hexose 1-phosphate + NH3.


DNA amplification

The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.


D-xylose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


U1 snRNP binding

Binding to a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


acetylcholine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


trimetaphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + trimetaphosphate = 2 H+ + triphosphate.


histone H2A acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


malolactic enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malate + H+ = L-lactate + CO2.


regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


regulation of odontoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


lung lobe morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.


regulation of mannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.


establishment of endothelial intestinal barrier

The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers of the intestine to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.


muscle attachment

The developmental process in which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall).


semicircular canal development

The progression of the semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to juvenile hormone acid.


xanthophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


rRNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond at A-4324 in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes or corresponding sites in 28S RNA from other species.


terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange.


ADP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.


methylseleninic acid reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeO2H => NADP+ + CH3SeOH + H2O.


regulation of olefin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.


glutamate-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


allantoin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.


serotonin-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoic acid + CoASH.


eye field cell fate commitment involved in camera-type eye formation

The commitment of neurectodermal cells to cells of the eye field and their capacity to differentiate into eye field cells. Eye field cells are neurectodermal cells that will form the optic placode.


regulation of spore germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.


(E)-beta-ocimene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (E)-beta-ocimene + diphosphate.


lavandulyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + lavandulyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reactions: cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol + NADP+ + H2O, and cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,27-triol + NADP+ + H2O.


gibberellin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + glycochenodeoxycholate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate + H+.


regulation of Ral protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ral protein signal transduction.


epithelial cell apoptotic process involved in palatal shelf morphogenesis

An apoptotic process in a palatal shelf epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of the palatal shelf.


glycolytic fermentation to propionate

Glycolytic fermentation resulting in the catabolism of glucose to propionate, yielding energy in the form of ATP; an alternative to the acrylate pathway to produce propionate.


negative regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.


pyrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.


muscle cell apoptotic process

A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle.


ganglioside GP1c binding

Binding to ganglioside GP1c.


hypoxanthine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.


mechanoreceptor activity

Combining with a mechanical force and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.


negative regulation of microglial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.


fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


peptidyl-serine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-serine.


wybutosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


detection of electrical stimulus

The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


negative regulation of transformation of host cell by virus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.


cellular response to cordycepin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.


anthranilate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + anthranilate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + anthranilyl-CoA.


chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.


aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-enoate-4-benzenoid + H2O = pyruvate + benzaldehyde derivative. Substrates are (3E)-4-(5-amino-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-but-3-ene-1-oic-acid (forms 5-aminosalicylaldehyde) and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (forms salicylaldehyde).


formate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + a quinone = CO2 + a quinol.


pentraxin receptor activity

Combining with a pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


heme C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


thiazole synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 2-iminoacetate + thiocarboxy-adenylate-[sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] = 2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate + [sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] + 2 H2O.


tellurite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tellurite from one side of a membrane to the other. Tellurite is a salt of tellurous acid or an oxide of tellurium which occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals.


superior vena cava morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart.


E-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family E-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from icosapentaenoic acid.


oxazole or thiazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 5-hydroxymethyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.


halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase B activity

Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloropropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.


cGMP binding

Binding to cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


cellular response to epinephrine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.


negative regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.


rejection of pollen from other species

The recognition and rejection of pollen of one species by cells in the stigma of another species.


vestibular reflex

A reflex process in which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


phosphatidylinositol transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylinositol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-lactose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + lactose(out) = protein histidine + lactose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


pulmonary myocardium development

The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XCH3 = 1-methoxypyrene + HX.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.


protein-containing complex assembly involved in synapse maturation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contributes to synapse maturation.


capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


energy derivation by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from inorganic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.


platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor activity

Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + kaempferol = UDP + kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside.


presynapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynapse.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


axon arborization

The process in which the terminal anatomical structures of an axon are generated and organized into branches of specialised projections, or boutons. An axon is the long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminal branches.


protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation

The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.


regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA = pelargonidin 3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + UDP-galactose = O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP.


multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis

A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


exon-exon junction complex disassembly

The disaggregation of an exon-exon junction complex into its constituent components.


dimethylargininase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine + H2O = dimethylamine + L-citrulline.


Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + NDP = phosphate + NDP-aldose.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate.


response to interleukin-2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.


transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.


SNARE complex disassembly

The disaggregation of the SNARE protein complex into its constituent components. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.


heart jogging

The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis.


histone H3R8 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 8)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 8) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 8.


The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster.


dibutyl phthalate binding

Binding to dibutyl phthalate, C(16)H(22)O(4).


RNA dinucleotide insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a dinucleotide.


lipopolysaccharide floppase activity

Enables the transfer of a lipopolysaccharide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


response to gamma radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


negative regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


regulation of plasma cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


hepatocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver.


chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a chemokine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The histidyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3''-OH group of a histidine-accetping tRNA.


G protein-coupled UDP receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UDP.


glycine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.


compartment pattern specification

The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.


racemase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives

Catalysis of the interconversion of the two enantiomers of a chiral amino acid or amino acid derivative.


viral budding from plasma membrane

A viral budding that starts with formation of a curvature in the host plasma membrane around which the virion particle assembles.


positive regulation of heart induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucuronate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucuronate is the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + oxaloacetate = CO2 + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.


positive regulation of epidermis development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-hydroxyflavone <=> 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-7-hydroxyflavone + UDP + H+.


sorocarp stalk development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


Enables the transfer of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, trans-Golgi to endosome targeting

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the trans-Golgi to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.


regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: corticosterone + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = 18-hydroxycorticosterone + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.


costunolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + NADPH + 2 H+ = costunolide + 2 H2O + NADP.


zeaxanthin 2-beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> caloxanthin + H2O + NAD.


detoxification of inorganic compound

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of inorganic compounds. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of inorganic compounds.


cellobiose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose = D-glucosyl-D-mannose.


alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: primary alcohol + acceptor = aldehyde + reduced acceptor.


regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


plastid membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of either of the lipid bilayers surrounding a plastid.


nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP.


chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms.


regulation of dendritic spine development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


UGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGU codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + O2 + 2 NADH + H+ = 2 NAD+ + H2O + 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate.


p-cumate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cumate.


B cell tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells.


FMN reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD(P)+ = FMN + NAD(P)H + H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH with similar reaction rates.


L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other.


barbiturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: barbiturate + H2O = malonate + urea.


negative regulation of eosinophil migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


linoleic acid epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.


negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the RIG-I signaling pathway.


defense response to insect

A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.


dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-glucoside(out) + H+(out) = alpha-glucoside(in) + H+(in). Alpha-glucosides include trehalose, maltose, turanose, isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, maltotriose, palatinose, trehalose and melezitose.


chondroitin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of hexosaminic linkages in chondroitin, a linear polymer structure composed of the repeating disaccharide unit [->4)-D-glucuronic acid-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-(1-], also written as [->4GlcUA1->3GalNAc1-].


lung epithelium development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung.


3 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 3 iron, 4 sulfur (3Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of three iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. It is essentially a 4Fe-4S cluster with one iron missing.


adhesion of symbiont germination tube to host

The attachment of a germination tube of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


positive regulation of response to toluene

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.


somatic motor neuron fate commitment

The commitment of unspecified motor neurons to specific motor neuron cell along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord and their capacity to differentiate into specific motor neurons.


citramalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = acetate + pyruvate.


glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420.


UCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCC codon.


embryonic plasmatocyte differentiation

The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.


establishment of planar polarity involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.


cholesterol transfer activity

Removes cholesterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD(P)+ = L-tyrosine + NAD(P)H + CO2.


histone H2AS1 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H2A.


regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.


sequestering of metal ion

The process of binding or confining metal ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


NADH binding

Binding to the reduced form, NADH, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


relaxation of smooth muscle

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


parathion metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound formerly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, acaricide, fumigant and nematocide. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.


labyrinthine layer development

The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta progresses, from its formation to its mature state.


generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step

Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome.


fructan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


dADP binding

Binding to dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate.


glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.


1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + NADP+ = 1,2-dehydroreticuline + H+ + NADPH.


nuclear dicing body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear dicing body.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + H+ + a long-chain acyl-[acp] + a reduced electron acceptor = 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a terminal olefin + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


choline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


corpus callosum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.


intraciliary transport particle B binding

Binding to an intraciliary transport particle B (IFT B) complex.


amylopectin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amylopectin.


borate binding

Binding to borate, the anion (BO3)3-.


cerebroside-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a cerebroside 3-sulfate + H2O = a cerebroside + sulfate.


glutamate catabolic process to ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including ornithine.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking

The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the peroxisomal membrane.


regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


mitotic G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


TCR signalosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TCR signalosome.


regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.


lactam biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


ABC-type monosaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + monosaccharide(in). Ribose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and methylgalactoside are imported.


insulin receptor activity

Combining with insulin receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-mannitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + mannitol(out) = protein histidine + mannitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


kinetochore adaptor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings the kinetochore and another molecule into contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


rhamnolipid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation/production of a glycolipid surfactant that acts as a bacterial biofilm dispersal.


negative regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


phosphoglycerate kinase (GTP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GTP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + GDP + H+.


inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


cellular response to amphetamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.


thromboxane-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = thromboxane A(2).


positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


neuronal action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.


maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte. An example of this process is found In Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.


lipid droplet formation

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts of a lipid droplet.


positive regulation of response to furfural

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.


propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.


chloride ion binding

Binding to a chloride ion (Cl-).


protein deglutarylation

The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.


negative regulation of acetylcholine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine biosynthetic process.


salicylic acid binding

Binding to salicylic acid.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in metanephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+.


diacylglyceride transfer activity

Directly binding to diacylglyceride and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


epithelial cell morphogenesis

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.


aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.


corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activity

Combining with the corticotrophin-releasing factor family of ligands, including the urocortins, to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


dTMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of host RIG-I activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition RIG-I recognizes viral RNA synthesized during active viral replication and signals to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.


angular vestibuloocular reflex

A vestibular reflex by which a response to an angular acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the semi-circular canal and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


glycine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycine + tRNA(Gly) = AMP + diphosphate + glycyl-tRNA(Gly).


effector-mediated induction of programmed cell death in host

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a programmed cell death pathway in the host to suppress the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of haustorium mother cell formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


viral procapsid maturation

The refolding and structural rearrangements of individual capsid subunits to transition from the intermediate procapsid, to the more stable capsid structure.


Removes phosphatidylethanolamine from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


negative regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


circadian sleep/wake cycle process

A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


ceramide 1-phosphate binding

Binding to ceramide 1-phosphate.


resolution of recombination intermediates

The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during DNA recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.


histone H3R2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 2 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


transforming growth factor beta3 production

The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. The peptide antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous protein. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E family.


cellular response to cyanide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyanide stimulus.


ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


pollination

The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the female reproductive organs of a plant and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-egg cell fusion.


protein-DNA-RNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


involution involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The inturning of an epithelial sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


norsolorinate anthrone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7 malonyl-CoA + 5 H+ + a hexanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = norsolorinate anthrone + 7 coenzyme A + 7 carbon dioxide + 2 H2O + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


chloride peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 chloride + H2O2 = 2 R-Cl + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of methanofuran metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.


cellular response to tetrahydrofolate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol.


thiamine triphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine triphosphate = thiamine diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


blasticidin-S deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: blasticidin S + H2O = deaminohydroxyblasticidin S + NH3.


cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic signaling pathway.


bract formation

The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic links in oligoxyloglucans so as to remove successive isoprimeverose (i.e. alpha-xylo-1,6-beta-D-glucosyl-) residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


embryonic heart tube elongation

The developmental growth that results in the increase in length of the embryonic heart tube. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-trehalose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + trehalose(out) = protein histidine + trehalose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


flavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


4-hydroxycoumarin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxycoumarin.


dGMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


posterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing posterior lateral line.


cyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation

A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is driven by a proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane. Involves only photosystem I.


metanephric podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


megakaryocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte.


regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


cell migration involved in mammary placode formation

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within the mammary line that contributes to the formation of the mammary placode.


asparaginyl-tRNAAsn biosynthesis via transamidation

A tRNA aminoacylation process in which asparaginyl-tRNAAsn is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase generates the misacylated L-aspartyl-tRNAAsn species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-asparaginyl-tRNAAsn by the heterotrimeric aspartyl-tRNAAsn amidotransferase.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-20 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + NAD+ = aminoacetone + H+ + NADH.


tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production

The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


methanofuran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanofuran.


response to singlet oxygen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alpha-2,8-linked polymer of sialic acid = CoA + polysialic acid acetylated at O-7 or O-9.


mitochondrial tRNA processing

The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group, in the mitochondrion.


quinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinate, the anion of quinic acid.


alanine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-alanine + tRNA(Ala) = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala).


O-glycan processing, core 7

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 7 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->6)-GalNAc.


cranial nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


long-term synaptic depression

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.


cellular response to desiccation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.


steviol 13-O glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = steviolmonoside + UDP + H+.


skeletal system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.


mesonephric tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


diphenyl ether 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether.


Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + acetyl-CoA = (7S)-O-acetylsalutaridinol + CoA.


positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.


cellular response to nitrosative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.


Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + mucus glycoprotein = CoA + O-palmitoylglycoprotein.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 3-beta-hydroxy-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-ene-4-beta-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + H+ + CO2 + 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one.


cellular response to erythropoietin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus.


peptidyl-serine ADP-deribosylation

The removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylserine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + H+(out) = citrate(in) + H+(in).


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


xanthophyll catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


interleukin-12 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-12 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol.


paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized.


protein localization to centriolar satellite

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a centriolar satellite.


regulation of type 2 immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


detection of steroid hormone stimulus

The series of events by which a steroid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


D-leucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-leucine.


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis.


cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.


establishment of planar polarity of embryonic epithelium

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an embryonic epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


retinal cone cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal cone cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.


blasticidin S biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of blasticidin S.


regulation of amine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


formate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NAD+ = CO2 + NADH.


osmoregulated periplasmic glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.


progesterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.


ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ + ribofuranose = D-ribonate + 2 H+ + NADPH.


right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


water-soluble vitamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


cellular defense response

A defense response that is mediated by cells.


methanesulfonate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanesulfonate + NADH + H+ + O2 = formaldehyde + NAD+ + sulfite + H2O.


ganglioside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


enterobactin binding

Binding to enterobactin.


regulation of aeciospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.


response to hypobaric hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension combined with low atmospheric pressure. Hypoxia is defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95% and hypobaric is defined as atmospheric pressure below 0.74 atm (greater than 2,500 m above sea level).


GMP reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + NADP+ + NH4 = GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH.


lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


sporulation

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure. A spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


leukotriene B4 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.


pullulanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in pullulan (a linear polymer of alpha-(1,6)-linked maltotriose units) and in amylopectin and glycogen, and the a- and b-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen.


Lewy body formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Lewy body.


ADP dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delta2-isopentenyl diphosphate + ADP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of single bases present in mismatches by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


ciliary basal body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ciliary basal body, a short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum).


positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


female germ-line stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of female germ-line stem cells.


CDP-diacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. It is a common intermediate in phospholipid biosynthesis.


sn-1-glycerol-3-phosphate C16:0-DCA-CoA acyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanedioyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = coenzyme A + 1-C16:0-alpha,omega-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate.


regionalization involved in semicircular canal formation

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the otic epithelium in space to define an area or volume in which cells will differentiate to give rise to the semicircular canals.


adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 L-glutamine + adenosylcob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide + 4 ATP + 4 H2O = 4 L-glutamate + adenosylcobyrate + 4 ADP + 8 H+ + 4 phosphate.


response to puromycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a puromycin stimulus.


acridone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylanthranilyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA = 1,3-dihydroxy-N-methylacridone + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA + H2O.


farnesol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


negative regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


allantoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of allantoate from one side of a membrane to the other. Allantoate is the end product of purine metabolism in mammals and some fish, formed form allantoin. It is widely distributed in plants as an important source of stored nitrogen.


RNA acetylation

The posttranscriptional addition of one or more acetyl groups to specific residues in an RNA molecule.


inner cell mass cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a long-chain fatty acid residue. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


COP9 signalosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N-methyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


mammary gland bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the mammary placode. A mammary bud is bulb of epithelial cells that is distinct from the surrounding epidermis.


post-embryonic plant organ development

Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of a plant tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


shoot organ boundary specification

The process in which the basal boundary between the stem and both vegetative and reproductive organs are established and maintained.


aminophosphonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminophosphonates, phosphonic acid derivatives that contain an amino group.


16-hydroxysteroid epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = 16-beta-hydroxysteroid.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate.


3-deoxyglucosone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxyglucosone + H2O + NAD+ = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + 2 H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


hypotonic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanin betaine + vanillate + H+.


zeaxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeaxanthin.