The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carbohydrate derivative transport

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE INHIBITOR 2 FAMILY MEMBER C


PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE INHIBITOR 2 FAMILY MEMBER B


regulation of phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.


regulation of dephosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.


regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.


INTERLEUKIN-36 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTEIN


INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTEIN


Inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


cytokine activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


interleukin-1 binding

Binding to interleukin-1.


cytokine binding

Binding to a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.


cytokine receptor binding

Binding to a cytokine receptor.


positive regulation of gene expression

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.


negative regulation of cell communication

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


negative regulation of signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


negative regulation of signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


positive regulation of cell development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


regulation of hemopoiesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.


regulation of cell development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


head development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


brain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that that has membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


central nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


protein-DNA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.


cell-cell junction

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects.


bicellular tight junction

An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.


actin filament

A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.


tight junction

A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


adherens junction

A cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex. The epithelial cadherins, or E-cadherins, of each interacting cell extend through the plasma membrane into the extracellular space and bind to each other. The E-cadherins bind to catenins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, where the E-cadherin-catenin complex binds to cytoskeletal components and regulatory and signaling molecules.


apical junction complex

A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.


actin filament binding

Binding to an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.


cell-cell junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.


cell-cell junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.


cell junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


cell junction assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.


MICRO-RNA BINDING ZINC FINGER CCCH DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 7


ZINC FINGER CCCH DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 7B


ZINC FINGER CCCH DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 7A


miRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional miRNA. Includes the cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.


regulatory ncRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional regulatory non-coding RNA.


PAIRED BOX PROTEIN PAX-6-RELATED-RELATED


PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASE IB SUBUNIT ALPHA1


PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASE IB SUBUNIT ALPHA2


acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group, other than amino-acyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.


ECTONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE_PHOSPHODIESTERASE FAMILY MEMBER 5


ECTONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE_PHOSPHODIESTERASE FAMILY MEMBER 2


ECTONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE_PHOSPHODIESTERASE FAMILY MEMBER 7


ECTONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE_PHOSPHODIESTERASE FAMILY MEMBER 3


ECTONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE_PHOSPHODIESTERASE FAMILY MEMBER 1


zinc ion binding

Binding to a zinc ion (Zn).


lysophospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.


phosphoric diester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group.


glycerolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.


glycerophospholipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


organophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.


phospholipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


cellular lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


nucleoside phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate.


nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


ATP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


U1 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U1, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U1 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U1 snRNA both while the U1 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


U2-type spliceosomal complex

Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends.


spliceosomal snRNP complex

A small ribonucleoprotein complex involved in formation of the spliceosome.


small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains at least one RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and as well as its associated proteins. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP, U4/U6 snRNP, or 7SK snRNP. Many, of these complexes become part of the spliceosome involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs. Others are involved in regulation of transcription elongation or 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.


U2-type prespliceosome

A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site with the U1 snRNP, while the branch point sequence is recognized by the U2 snRNP. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1 and U2 snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.


Sm-like protein family complex

A protein complex containing members of the Like-Sm family of proteins, which includes both the Sm proteins and the Lsm proteins, and which generally form hexameric or heptameric ring structures which bind to RNA. While some of these ring complexes may form independently of RNA, many only form in association with their target RNA. In addition to Lsm-family proteins, many of these complexes contain additional protein members. Members of this family of complexes include the snRNPs which comprise the majority of the spliceosome. Others are involved in the 5' to 3' degradation pathways of mRNAs in the cytoplasm and of unspliced transcripts in the nucleus, as well as other diverse roles.


protein-RNA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex.


mRNA splice site recognition

Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.


protein-RNA complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex.


spliceosomal complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.


cell cortex

The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.


small GTPase mediated signal transduction

The series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays a signal.


ZINC FINGER-CONTAINING UBIQUITIN PEPTIDASE 1


POGO TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT WITH ZNF DOMAIN


positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.


positive regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


positive regulation of RNA metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.


positive regulation of nervous system development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system.


positive regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.


regulation of nervous system development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 1 GROUP D MEMBER 1


PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA


NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 1 GROUP I MEMBER 3


PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA


NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 1 GROUP I MEMBER 2


PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR DELTA


NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 1 GROUP D MEMBER 2


negative regulation of inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.


negative regulation of defense response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


regulation of inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


regulation of defense response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


hormone-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone.


intracellular receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a receptor located within a cell.


GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR RECEPTOR


CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR RECEPTOR SUBUNIT ALPHA


GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR RECEPTOR SUBUNIT ALPHA


ONCOSTATIN-M-SPECIFIC RECEPTOR SUBUNIT BETA


cytokine receptor activity

Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


peptide hormone binding

Binding to a peptide with hormonal activity in animals.


peptide binding

Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.


amide binding

Binding to an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.


GLUTAMYL-TRNA GLN  AMIDOTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT B  MITOCHONDRIAL AND PROKARYOTIC  PET112-RELATED


GLUTAMYL-TRNA(GLN) AMIDOTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT B, MITOCHONDRIAL


ligase activity

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.


tRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.


translation

The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.


mitochondrial translation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.


peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.


amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.


transition metal ion transport

The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


ATP-BINDING CASSETTE SUB-FAMILY B MEMBER 6


ATP-BINDING CASSETTE SUB-FAMILY B MEMBER 10, MITOCHONDRIAL


ATP-BINDING CASSETTE SUB-FAMILY B MEMBER 5


MITOCHONDRIAL POTASSIUM CHANNEL ATP-BINDING SUBUNIT


IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS TRANSPORTER ABCB7, MITOCHONDRIAL


amide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other.


ATPase-coupled intramembrane lipid transporter activity

Catalysis of the movement of lipids from one membrane leaflet to the other, driven by ATP hydrolysis. This includes flippases and floppases.


Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


phospholipid transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


lipid transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


organophosphate ester transport

The directed movement of organophosphate esters into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.


regulation of membrane lipid distribution

Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of lipids in a cellular membrane.


phospholipid transport

The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


lipid translocation

The translocation, or flipping, of lipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.


phospholipid translocation

The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


ALDO-KETO REDUCTASE FAMILY 1 MEMBER C1-RELATED


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


secondary metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.


regulation of hormone levels

Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action.


hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


prostaglandin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


prostanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.


glycosyl compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosyl compound.


SIGNALING LYMPHOCYTIC ACTIVATION MOLECULE


LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 3


V-SET AND TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 5


CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN-RELATED CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 21


MHC protein binding

Binding to a major histocompatibility complex molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


regulation of cytokine production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.


positive regulation of cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.


positive regulation of type II interferon production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.


lymphocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


leukocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex.


T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of macrophage activation

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation.


STE20-RELATED KINASE ADAPTER PROTEIN ALPHA


STE20-RELATED KINASE ADAPTER PROTEIN BETA


serine/threonine protein kinase complex

A protein complex which is capable of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


protein export from nucleus

The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


nuclear transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus.


nuclear export

The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus.


nucleocytoplasmic transport

The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


glycogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages.


polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


energy reserve metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.


T-CELL RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED TRANSMEMBRANE ADAPTER 1


positive regulation of immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.


DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE I SUBUNIT RPA43


DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE II SUBUNIT RPB7


DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE III SUBUNIT RPC8


DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A protein complex that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.


nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.


RNA polymerase I complex

RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


RNA polymerase II, core complex

RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


P-body

A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing.


RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme

A nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex containing an RNA polymerase II core enzyme as well as additional proteins and transcription factor complexes, that are capable of promoter recognition and transcription initiation from an RNA polymerase II promoter in vivo. These additional components may include general transcription factor complexes TFIIA, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, or TFIIH, as well as Mediator, SWI/SNF, GCN5, or SRBs and confer the ability to recognize promoters.


single-stranded RNA binding

Binding to single-stranded RNA.


single-stranded DNA binding

Binding to single-stranded DNA.


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase II gene promoter. Messenger RNAs (mRNA) genes, as well as some non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


DNA-templated transcription initiation

The initial step of transcription, consisting of the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at a gene promoter, as well as the formation of the first few bonds of the RNA transcript. Transcription initiation includes abortive initiation events, which occur when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released, and ends when promoter clearance takes place.


positive regulation of translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.


RNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.


positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


regulation of mRNA metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.


DNA-templated transcription

The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.


regulation of mRNA catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


positive regulation of mRNA metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.


transcription by RNA polymerase II

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).


HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN Q


HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN R


regulation of mRNA stability

Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.


mRNA stabilization

Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules.


RNA stabilization

Prevention of degradation of RNA molecules.


regulation of RNA stability

Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs.


negative regulation of RNA catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process.


SERINE/ARGININE REPETITIVE MATRIX PROTEIN 3-RELATED


SERINE_ARGININE REPETITIVE MATRIX PROTEIN 2


SERINE_ARGININE REPETITIVE MATRIX PROTEIN 4


SERINE_ARGININE REPETITIVE MATRIX PROTEIN 3


regulation of RNA splicing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


integrator complex

A protein complex that stably associates with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs generated by RNA polymerase II.


snRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.


snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule.


snRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule. The primary function of snRNAs is processing pre-messenger RNA in the nucleus. They have also been shown to aid in the regulation of transcription factors (7SK RNA) or RNA polymerase II (B2 RNA), and maintaining the telomeres.


phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor).


phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.


RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


condensed nuclear chromosome

A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.


synaptonemal structure

A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


nuclear chromosome

A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.


synaptonemal complex

A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. It consists of 2 lateral elements and a central element, all running parallel to each other. Transverse filaments connect the lateral elements to the central element.


homologous chromosome segregation

The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.


nuclear division

The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.


chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle

A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.


meiotic cell cycle process

A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle.


meiosis I cell cycle process

A process that contributes to the first meiotic division. The first meiotic division is the reductive division resulting in the separation of homologous chromosome pairs.


meiosis I

The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei.


nuclear chromosome segregation

The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.


meiotic cell cycle

Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.


homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis

The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Homologous chromosome pairing begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete.


meiotic chromosome segregation

The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


meiotic nuclear division

One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle.


organelle fission

The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle.


SET1/ASH2 HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX SUBUNIT ASH2


SET1_ASH2 HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX SUBUNIT ASH2


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL, SUBFAMILY M, MEMBER 6


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL SUBFAMILY M MEMBER 1


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL SUBFAMILY M MEMBER 3


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL SUBFAMILY M MEMBER 4


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL SUBFAMILY M MEMBER 2


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL SUBFAMILY M MEMBER 7


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL SUBFAMILY M MEMBER 5


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL SUBFAMILY M MEMBER 8


TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CATION CHANNEL SUBFAMILY M MEMBER 6


calcium activated cation channel activity

Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR 37


RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR 38


ZINC FINGER AND SCAN DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


ZINC FINGER DHHC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN


palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (CH3-[CH2]14-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


protein palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein.


protein lipidation

The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein.


protein acylation

The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.


lipoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


lipoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


vesicle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.


TECTONIN BETA-PROPELLER REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


INACTIVE DEOXYURIDINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE NUCLEOTIDOHYDROLASE-LIKE PROTEIN FLJ16323-RELATED


DEOXYURIDINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE NUCLEOTIDOHYDROLASE, MITOCHONDRIAL


De novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis


magnesium ion binding

Binding to a magnesium (Mg) ion.


pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


carbohydrate derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative.


nucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION FACTOR IA  RRN3


RNA POLYMERASE I-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION FACTOR RRN3-RELATED


General transcription by RNA polymerase I


RNA polymerase binding

Binding to an RNA polymerase molecule or complex.


RNA polymerase core enzyme binding

Binding to an RNA polymerase core enzyme, containing a specific subunit composition defined as the core enzyme.


transcription by RNA polymerase I

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.


N-ACETYLATED-ALPHA-LINKED ACIDIC DIPEPTIDASE 2


INACTIVE N-ACETYLATED-ALPHA-LINKED ACIDIC DIPEPTIDASE-LIKE PROTEIN 2


exopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both.


carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain.


iron ion transport

The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


receptor-mediated endocytosis

An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.


TRANS-ACTING T-CELL-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-3


immune system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 49


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 27


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 33


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 32


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 16


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 45


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 51


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 19


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 21


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 20


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 43


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 22


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 11


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 44


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 15


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 31


INACTIVE UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 50


extrinsic component of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


midbody

A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.


protein K63-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


Ras protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


endosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.


protein K48-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K48-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


trans-Golgi network

The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.


recycling endosome

An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.


GPI-LINKED NAD(P)(+)--ARGININE ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE 1


pentosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


TYPE 2 LACTOSAMINE ALPHA-2,3-SIALYLTRANSFERASE


sialyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of sialic acid to an acceptor molecule, typically the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.


glycolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent.


liposaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving liposaccharide.


membrane lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


membrane lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


glycolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).


positive regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.


cell-cell signaling by wnt

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another, medaited by a wnt family protein ligand. This process includes wnt signal transduction in the receiving cell, release of wnt ligand from a secreting cell as well as any processes that actively facilitate wnt transport and presentation to receptor on the recieving cell.


positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


microvillus

Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.


actin-based cell projection

A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules.


cell projection membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection.


regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly.


regulation of cellular component biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


regulation of cell projection assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly.


regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


FIBRINOGEN C DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.


antigen binding

Binding to an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen.


protein tyrosine kinase binding

Binding to protein tyrosine kinase.


receptor tyrosine kinase binding

Binding to a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.


cell adhesion molecule binding

Binding to a cell adhesion molecule.


integrin binding

Binding to an integrin.


structural molecule activity

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.


extracellular matrix structural constituent

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.


activation of immune response

Any process that initiates an immune response.


humoral immune response

An immune response mediated through a body fluid.


complement activation

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.


growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.


neuron projection extension

Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


developmental cell growth

The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.


developmental growth involved in morphogenesis

The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape.


developmental growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.


cell growth

The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


cell-substrate adhesion

The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


homotypic cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.


protein activation cascade

A sequential series of modifications to a set of proteins where the product of one reaction catalyzes the following reaction, ultimately leading to the generation of a mature protein. Modifications typically include proteolysis or covalent modification, and may also include binding events.


platelet aggregation

The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


triglyceride homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell.


regulation of lipase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


negative regulation of lipase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


cholesterol homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.


lipid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.


COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 28B


COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 28A


G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR FAMILY 1 MEMBER


negative regulation of transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


regulation of secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.


regulation of blood pressure

Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


positive regulation of blood pressure

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.


membrane raft

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.


membrane microdomain

A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it.


regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE FKBP10


PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE FKBP9


OLFACTORY RECEPTOR 8G3 PSEUDOGENE-RELATED


odorant binding

Binding to an odorant, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.


39S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L44, MITOCHONDRIAL


endoribonuclease complex

A protein complex which is capable of endoribonuclease activity.


endonuclease complex

A protein complex which is capable of endonuclease activity.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit

The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


mitochondrial ribosome

A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.


ribosomal subunit

Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.


organellar ribosome

A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle.


large ribosomal subunit

The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


mitochondrial matrix

The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.


ribosome

An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.


A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion.


double-stranded RNA binding

Binding to double-stranded RNA.


RNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


primary miRNA processing

A process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.


translational elongation

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY KQT MEMBER 2


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY S MEMBER 3


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY A MEMBER 4


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY A MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY A MEMBER 10


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY V MEMBER 2


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY D MEMBER 2


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY C MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY F MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY A MEMBER 5


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY A MEMBER 2


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY A MEMBER 7


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY A MEMBER 3


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY A MEMBER 6


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY B MEMBER 2


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY B MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY S MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY S MEMBER 2


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY G MEMBER 3


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY G MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY KQT MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY V MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY G MEMBER 4


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY C MEMBER 2


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY D MEMBER 3


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY G MEMBER 2


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY D MEMBER 1


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY C MEMBER 3


POTASSIUM VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNEL SUBFAMILY C MEMBER 4


main axon

The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.


leading edge membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.


axon terminus

Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.


neuron projection terminus

The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.


distal axon

That part of an axon close to and including the growth cone or the axon terminus.


intercalated disc

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.


cell-cell contact zone

Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.


calmodulin binding

Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.


regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


regulation of cation channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.


regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


myosin binding

Binding to a myosin; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.


GABA receptor binding

Binding to a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) receptor.


vesicle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.


axo-dendritic transport

The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections.


establishment of vesicle localization

The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location.


mitochondrion organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.


anterograde axonal transport

The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.


vesicle localization

Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


vesicle cytoskeletal trafficking

The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.


endosome to lysosome transport

The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes.


lysosomal transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome.


vacuolar transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.


STAR-RELATED LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN 7, MITOCHONDRIAL


WAP, KAZAL, IMMUNOGLOBULIN, KUNITZ AND NTR DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


WAP, KAZAL, IMMUNOGLOBULIN, KUNITZ AND NTR DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


transforming growth factor beta binding

Binding to TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.


transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


response to transforming growth factor beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHATASE TYPE 6


protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cellular proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.


peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation

The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.


negative regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


negative regulation of protein modification process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.


vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


protein dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.


regulation of ERBB signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.


lysosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.


negative regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.


negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


negative regulation of phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.


negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.


lytic vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.


TESTIS-SPECIFIC Y-ENCODED PROTEIN 1-RELATED


TESTIS-SPECIFIC Y-ENCODED-LIKE PROTEIN 5


TESTIS-SPECIFIC Y-ENCODED-LIKE PROTEIN 6


TESTIS-SPECIFIC Y-ENCODED-LIKE PROTEIN 1


TESTIS-SPECIFIC Y-ENCODED-LIKE PROTEIN 3-RELATED


TESTIS-SPECIFIC Y-ENCODED-LIKE PROTEIN 4


TESTIS-SPECIFIC Y-ENCODED-LIKE PROTEIN 2


chromatin binding

Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


nucleosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of one or more nucleosomes.


nucleosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


FORKHEAD-ASSOCIATED DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1-RELATED


COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 27


FORKHEAD-ASSOCIATED DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


SODIUM-DEPENDENT NEUTRAL AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER B(0)AT1


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT NEUTRAL AND BASIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER B(0+)


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT BETAINE TRANSPORTER


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT GABA TRANSPORTER 1


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT GABA TRANSPORTER 3


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT GLYCINE TRANSPORTER 2


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT TRANSPORTER XTRP3


SODIUM-DEPENDENT NEUTRAL AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER SLC6A17


SODIUM-DEPENDENT NEUTRAL AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER B(0)AT2


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT GABA TRANSPORTER 2


INACTIVE SODIUM-DEPENDENT NEUTRAL AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER B(0)AT3


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT CREATINE TRANSPORTER 1


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT TAURINE TRANSPORTER


ORPHAN SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT NEUROTRANSMITTER TRANSPORTER NTT5


SODIUM- AND CHLORIDE-DEPENDENT GLYCINE TRANSPORTER 1


Adrenaline and noradrenaline biosynthesis


Dopamine receptor mediated signaling pathway


5HT3 type receptor mediated signaling pathway


organic acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).


organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


glycine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid.


L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids.


carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.


neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of neutral L-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Neutral amino acids have side chains with no charge at pH 7.3.


monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.


organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.


xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic from one side of a membrane to the other. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


neutral amino acid transport

The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carboxylic acid transmembrane transport

The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane.


amino acid transmembrane transport

The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane.


L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-alpha-amino acid across a membrane.


L-amino acid transport

The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


amino acid transport

The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


organic acid transmembrane transport

The process in which an organic acid is transported across a membrane.


glycine transport

The directed movement of glycine, aminoethanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


organic hydroxy compound transport

The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


neurotransmitter transport

The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


organic cation transport

The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


regulation of neurotransmitter levels

Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter.


leucine transport

The directed movement of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


alanine transport

The directed movement of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


branched-chain amino acid transport

The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.


TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA RECEPTOR TYPE I AND II


BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTOR TYPE-1A


BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTOR TYPE-1B


SERINE_THREONINE-PROTEIN KINASE RECEPTOR R3


BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTOR TYPE-2


SMAD binding

Binding to a SMAD signaling protein.


transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


activin binding

Binding to activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits.


activin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


cellular response to BMP stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


response to BMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


pattern specification process

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


BMP signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regionalization

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


basolateral plasma membrane

The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.


carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of a membrane to the other.


water transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.


water transport

The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carbohydrate transmembrane transport

The process in which a carbohydrate is transported across a membrane.


carbohydrate transport

The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


fluid transport

The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


DOUBLE C2-LIKE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN BETA


DOUBLE C2-LIKE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN ALPHA


regulation of secretion by cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.


signal release

The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.


regulation of exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.


neurotransmitter secretion

The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.


signal release from synapse

Any signal release from a synapse.


exocytosis

A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.


ATP-BINDING CASSETTE  ABC  TRANSPORTER-RELATED


ADAPTIN EAR-BINDING COAT-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1


ADAPTIN EAR-BINDING COAT-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 2


clathrin vesicle coat

A clathrin coat found on a vesicle.


clathrin-coated vesicle

A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.


RIBOSOMAL RNA SMALL SUBUNIT METHYLTRANSFERASE NEP1


methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule.


rRNA binding

Binding to a ribosomal RNA.


catalytic activity, acting on a rRNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a ribosomal RNA.


transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a one-carbon group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


rRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a substrate.


RNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an RNA molecule.


RNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


rRNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


rRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.


rRNA base methylation

The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.


RNA methylation

Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.


BCL2_ADENOVIRUS E1B 19 KDA PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN 2


BCL-2_ADENOVIRUS E1B 19 KDA-INTERACTING PROTEIN 2-LIKE PROTEIN


exopolyphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate(n) + H2O = polyphosphate(n-1) + phosphate.


HEPARAN SULFATE GLUCOSAMINE 3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE 4


HEPARAN SULFATE GLUCOSAMINE 3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE 3B1


HEPARAN SULFATE GLUCOSAMINE 3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE 2


HEPARAN SULFATE GLUCOSAMINE 3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE 3A1


BIFUNCTIONAL HEPARAN SULFATE N-DEACETYLASE_N-SULFOTRANSFERASE 2


HEPARAN SULFATE GLUCOSAMINE 3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE 6


BIFUNCTIONAL HEPARAN SULFATE N-DEACETYLASE_N-SULFOTRANSFERASE 1


BIFUNCTIONAL HEPARAN SULFATE N-DEACETYLASE_N-SULFOTRANSFERASE 4


HEPARAN SULFATE GLUCOSAMINE 3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE 1


BIFUNCTIONAL HEPARAN SULFATE N-DEACETYLASE_N-SULFOTRANSFERASE 3


HEPARAN SULFATE GLUCOSAMINE 3-O-SULFOTRANSFERASE 5


deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.


carbohydrate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 191


phosphatase binding

Binding to a phosphatase.


PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 12


PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 12A


PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 12B


PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 12C


PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY INHIBITOR SUBUNIT 16B


PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 16A


Z disc

Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.


A band

The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.


I band

A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.


AP-1 COMPLEX-ASSOCIATED REGULATORY PROTEIN


PRION-LIKE- Q/N-RICH -DOMAIN-BEARING PROTEIN PROTEIN 44


adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group to an acceptor.


G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity

Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


peptide receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


neuropeptide receptor activity

Combining with a neuropeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


regulation of calcium ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


neuropeptide signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a neuropeptide binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


OLFACTORY RECEPTOR 2W5 PSEUDOGENE-RELATED


BMP AND ACTIVIN MEMBRANE-BOUND INHIBITOR HOMOLOG


actin polymerization or depolymerization

Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.


actin filament polymerization

Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.


protein polymerization

The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 6, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 2, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 2, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 2, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 5, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1-RELATED


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 3, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 4, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 3, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1


PITUITARY-SPECIFIC POSITIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 4, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 3, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 4


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 6, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 5, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 4, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1


POU DOMAIN, CLASS 3, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3


SH3 AND CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN


SH3 AND CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 3


SH3 AND CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


positive regulation of cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.