beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


phenol, water dikinase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.


cell adhesion involved in prostatic bud elongation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.


compound eye corneal lens morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density.


NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to a residue in double-stranded DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ = 3-methylsalicylate + NADH + H+.


toxic metabolite repair

A cellular process that, through single- or multi-step enzymatic reactions, repairs toxic endogenous compounds, formed as by-products of primary metabolism, by converting them into useful metabolites.


negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.


response to superoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


cellooligosaccharide binding

Binding to cellooligosaccharide.


adenosylselenohomocysteinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine + H2O => Adenosine + Selenohomocysteine.


regulation of heat generation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat generation.


AV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an AV node cardiac muscle cell to a bundle of His cardiomyocyte.


RNA guanosine-cytidine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-cytidine dinucleotide.


endocrine pancreas development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


agmatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase.


brexanolone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brexanolone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 2 H+ + 2 e- + butyrolactone.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate utilizing ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the utilization of ADP in the initial kinase reactions.


positive regulation of cell fate commitment

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


caprolactam catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid.


conditioned place preference

The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.


RNA topoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual RNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in RNA.


L-propargylglycine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate = chloride + H+ + L-propargylglycine.


transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission.


cellular response to nonane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.


alkanesulfonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


microtubule severing

The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends.


pentachlorophenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.


nonphotochemical quenching

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.


cadmium ion binding

Binding to a cadmium ion (Cd).


thioester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.


insulin-like growth factor receptor activity

Combining with insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular mesangial cell.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as part of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


secondary active p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate is the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid.


cellular response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


prolactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prolactin, a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that promotes lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals.


IDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


negative T cell selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.


cellular response to interleukin-2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.


regulation of iodide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


astaxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving astaxanthin.


multicellular organism adhesion to substrate

The attachment of a multicellular organism to a surface or material.


response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.


electron transporter, transferring electrons from cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons from the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


pullulan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


eosinophil fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an eosinophil cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization

The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of the apoptotic signaling pathway.


poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


response to light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol or related substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


trace-amine receptor activity

Combining with a trace amine to initiate a change in cell activity. Trace amines are biogenic amines that are synthesized from aromatic amino acids and are substrates for monoamine oxidase, and are therefore detectable only at trace levels in mammals.


embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


ricinine nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + ricinine = NH3 + 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone.


negative regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


diiodotyrosine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate.


maintenance of protein location in cell cortex

A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


xylose catabolic process to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II binding

Binding to a PSII associated light-harvesting complex II.


basidiospore formation

The process in which spores form outside a specialized end cell known as a basidium. Basidia are characteristic of the basidiomycete fungi (phylum Basidiomycota), and give rise to spores that each contain a haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis. The spores are usually attached to the basidium by short spikes called sterigmata (singular: sterigma). In most basidiomycetes there are four sterigmata (and four spores) to a basidium.


negative regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.


heteroduplex formation

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


hydroxylysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: maltose(out) + H+(out) = maltose(in) + H+(in).


protein-fructosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-fructosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + H+ + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-fructosyl)-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 3-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an intermediate mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a myeloid cell, a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.


cellular detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in a cell. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


pronephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


renal tubule development

The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


protein retention in ER lumen

The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.


trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


tartrate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate + H+ = D-glycerate + CO2.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


NEDD8 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the initiation of the NEDD8 (RUB1) conjugation cascade.


immune response in Peyer's patch

Immune response taking place in the Peyer's patch, nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine.


vestibulocochlear nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


fibrinolysis

A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on superoxide radicals as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a superoxide radical (O2- or O2.-) acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


ferredoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.


positive regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diaminopropionate + H2O = pyruvate + 2 NH3.


short nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.


structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle.


nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + sphingosine = CMP + H+ + sphingosyl-phosphocholine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


exit from diapause

The dormancy process that results in exit from diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.


18-hydroxyoleate peroxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 18-hydroxyoleate + a lipid hydroperoxide <=> 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + a lipid alcohol.


regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.


(R)-limonene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4R)-limonene + diphosphate.


positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-norcoclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (RS)-coclaurine.


positive regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition

The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.


interleukin-13 production

The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-arogenate = L-glutamate + prephenate.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


ferredoxin hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2.


encapsulation of foreign target

Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization.


glossopharyngeal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


transition between fast and slow fiber

The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


ganglioside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gangliosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.


response to sterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.


positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine.


G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


positive regulation of teliospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


sucrose:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in).


positive regulation of monocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.


negative regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification.


sequoyitol galactinol:D-galactosylononitol galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> D-galactosylononitol + myo-inositol.


synaptic vesicle coating

The formation of clathrin coated pits in the presynaptic membrane endocytic zone, triggered by the presence of high concentrations of synaptic vesicle components. This process leads to, but does not include budding of the membrane to form new vesicles.


protein K29-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K29-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


gastrulation involving germ band extension

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of myoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.


positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


G protein-coupled glucose receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular glucose molecule and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


positive regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial cell scaffolds.


hydroxypyruvate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + NADP+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose. Releases a free alpha-D-glucose.


regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway

A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound interacting with a chemoreceptor resulting in a modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


germacrene-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate.


putrescine acetylation

The modification of putrescine by addition of acetyl groups.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by protein cross-linking

The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle by protein cross-linking, and the incorporation of phenolic precursors. This mechanism of cuticle hardening occurs in insects and is usually accompanied by darkening of the cuticle.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.


distal stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The distal stomach is composed of the lower body and antrum and develops strong peristaltic phasic contractions that increase in amplitude as they propagate toward the pylorus.


regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


protein localization to ciliary inversin compartment

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary inversin compartment.


cellular response to chloroquine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.


regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


positive regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anther dehiscence.


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


immunoglobulin binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin.


axonal defasciculation

Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.


positive regulation of pupariation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of onset of pupariation.


positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.


fatty alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = O-D-glucosylnicotinate + UDP.


DNA repair complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA repair complex.


negative regulation of anoikis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


organic phosphonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Synthesis of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


NAD(P)+ nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + H2O = ADP-ribose(P) + nicotinamide.


guanosine salvage

Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


pteridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


pronephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron proximal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


esophagus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an esophagus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis

Any lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus that is involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis.


prostaglandin-I synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin I(2).


N-formyl peptide receptor activity

Combining with an N-formyl peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


A phytochelatin metabolic process in which a metal and exogenous sulfur are incorporated with phytochelatin to form a complex.


epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis.


specification of floral organ identity

The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


D-dopachrome decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-dopachrome + H+ = 5,6-dihydroxyindole + CO2.


regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


Catalyzes the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + [protein]-L-arginine + O2 = [protein]-(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine + CO2 + succinate.


naphthalene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of naphthalene to naphthalene 1,2-oxide.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate induction

Signaling at short range from urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells to cells of the urogenital epithelium resulting in the epithelial cells adopting a prostatic fate.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.


cell migration involved in somitogenic axis elongation

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation.


gossypetin 8-methyl ester 3'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavon-3-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gossypetin 3',8-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


tungsten incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of tungsten into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


positive regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forward locomotion.


tubulin-dependent ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of a tubulin dimer to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: pentachlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = tetrachlorohydroquinone + NADP+ + chloride.


L-galactose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase type II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfocatechol + O2 = 3-sulfomuconate.


tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroethene + chloride + acceptor = tetrachloroethene + reduced acceptor.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


regulation of cholesterol efflux

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


butyrate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.


organosilicon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organosilicons, any organic compound that contains silicon.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


gibberellin 12 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


phytanic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytanic acid.


microtubule organizing center localization

Any process in which the microtubule organizing center is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


otolith formation

The process that gives rise to an otolith. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


lung development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.


bronchus development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


Group II intron splicing

The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat.


RNA nucleotide insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of one or more nucleotides.


inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate binding

Binding to inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.


eoxin D4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin C4 = eoxin D4 + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid.


cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.


5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H+ + NADPH.


Atg12 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y = Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-succinylglutathione + H2O = glutathione + H+ + succinate.


mitochondrial tRNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a mitochondrial tRNA molecule to produce a mitochondrial tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


bone cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.


extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.


regulation of mitotic spindle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint.


Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


ligand-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


platelet activating factor production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH = methyl-1,4-benzoquinol + NADP.


L-lysine alpha-aminotransferase

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate= epsilon-amino-alpha-ketocaproic acid (KAC) + alanine.


DNA photolyase activity

Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.


positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway

Any positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system that is involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway.


L-rhamnonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H2O.


nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate.


bile acid conjugation

The process in which bile acids are covalently linked to taurine or glycine.


inositol tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.


methylmercury biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.


bile-acid-CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycholoyl-CoA + cholate = deoxycholate + choloyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-2-hydroxyisobutyryl-lysine-peptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinamide mononucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H+ + nicotinamide.


shamixanthone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shamixanthone.


amino acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).


pH elevation

Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a monocarboxylic acid amide + H2O = a monocarboxylate + NH3.


glandular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


exit from host cell

The movement of an organism out of a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, epimerase pathway

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis-2-enoyl-CoA through one more cycle of the core beta-oxidation pathway. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA cannot be completely degraded via the core beta-oxidation pathway because hydratation of cis-2-enoyl-CoA yields D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA must enter the so-called epimerase pathway, which involves converting D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA by 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA epimerase or by two stereo-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA then returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


The trimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N,N-trimethylserine.


response to nitrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


extracellular matrix-granule cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to granule cell precursors resulting in a decrease in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


cell proliferation involved in neural plate elongation

The process of expansion of cell numbers in the neural plate due to cell division of progenitor cells preferentially in the rostrocaudal direction, resulting in the elongation of the tissue.


negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


craniofacial suture closure

The process of fusing together the edges of a craniofacial suture.


rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by the excitation of rhodopsin by a photon, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


negative regulation of cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


structural molecule activity conferring elasticity

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell, providing elasticity and recoiling.


peptidoglycan cross-bridge peptide endopeptidase activity

A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a peptidoglycan cross-bridge.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine + 2 NAD+ + H2O = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosaminuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)H + H+.


anther wall tapetum formation

The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


(deoxy)adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dAMP = ADP + dADP.


camphene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate <=> (-)-camphene + diphosphoric acid.


chorismate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = 4-hydroxybenzoate + pyruvate.


meiotic drive

A biological process that results in the unequal transmission of alleles, haplotypes, or chromosomes from a parental genome to gametes. In the absence of meiotic drive, the two copies of each gene or chromosome in a diploid organism are transmitted to offspring with equal probability, whereas meiotic drive results in overrepresentation of the driving allele among the surviving products of meiosis.


synaptic target recognition

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.


perturbation of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway

Any process in which the symbiont alters a host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


RNA strand annealing activity

An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded RNA molecule.


DIMBOA glucoside beta-D-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-DIMBOA glucoside + H2O = H+ + DIMBOA + beta-D-glucose.


cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cardiac muscle myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a cardiac muscle myoblast cell population. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


meiotic cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


cellular response to ozone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


endosperm cellularization

The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.


RNA 3' uridylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-N-debenzoyltaxol + benzoyl-CoA = H+ + paclitaxel + coenzyme A.


alcohol-forming long-chain fatty acyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH = a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + CoA + 2 NADP+. A long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


neural crest formation

The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


response to interleukin-8

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.


regulation of leaf formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf formation.


sorbose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol + NADP+ = L-sorbose + H+ + NADPH. The reaction may occur, to a minor extent, in the reverse direction.


L-glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


de novo centriole assembly via blepharoplast

A de novo centriole assembly process observed in multi-ciliated sperm cells of some primitive land plants, and where centrioles are formed from a blepharoplast, ultimately giving rise to multiple cilia on the sperm surface.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + trans-zeatin <=> H+ + trans-zeatin-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


negative regulation of cell budding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.


monoatomic anion:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion(out) + cation(out) = anion(in) + cation(in).


eggshell formation

Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.


radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


interleukin-4 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-4 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


metanephric capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric capsule are generated and organized. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.


positive regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


positive regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


negative regulation of arginase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


phenylacetone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + phenylacetone = benzyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


endocardial cushion cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.


modulation by symbiont of host process

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.


histone H2A deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone H2A protein to which it is conjugated.


regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.


malonyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonate + ATP + coenzyme A = malonyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


transition between slow and fast fiber

The process of conversion of slow-contracting muscle fibers to a faster character. This may involve increasing of contractile rate, fast myosin gene induction, increase in glycolytic metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


double stranded viral RNA replication

A viral genome replication process where the template genome is double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Genomic dsRNA is first transcribed into single-stranded (ss) mRNA, which is then replicated to ds-genomic RNA.


gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a host signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n) = UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n+1).


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

The elongation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of chondroitin sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.


protein O-GlcNAcylation via threonine

The glycosylation of a protein by addition of N-acetylglucosamine via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-N-acetylglucosamine-L-threonine.


leukotriene A4 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene A4.


cellular response to actinomycin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine.


vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion

The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.


positive regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


plantlet formation on parent plant

The process in which a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine.


phenanthrene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in explosives and in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. Although phenanthrene is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms, gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish.


beta-alanyl-dopamine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl dopamine + H2O = dopamine + beta-alanine.


regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.


negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cGAS/STING signaling pathway.


antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.


follicular dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al + O2 <=> all-trans-retinal + 2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial.


DNA replication proofreading

Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.


suppression by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tRNA-dihydrouridine17 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil17 in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil17 in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.


negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalyl-CoA = CO2 + formyl-CoA.


response to xylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xylene stimulus.


scavenger receptor activity

Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).


irritable aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target.


regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


inhibitory synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.


MHC class II protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class II protein complex.


negative regulation of renal amino acid absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, odd number

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


positive regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


acetate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA.


extracellular matrix-dependent thymocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.


L-cysteine catabolic process to taurine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including taurine.


regulation of penicillinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of a penicillin to yield a substituted beta-amino acid derivative.


response to vitamin B3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.


lactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lactose from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.


archaetidylserine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-digeranylgeranylglycerol + L-serine = archaetidylserine + CMP.


glycerol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol = 3-hydroxypropanal + H2O.


stipule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stipule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stipule is one of (usually) a pair of appendages at the bases of leaves in many broad-leaved angiosperms.


CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the joining of a carboxyl group to a molecule that is attached to CoA, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


methionine gamma-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = methanethiol + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.


FAT10 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y = Y-FAT10 + X, where both X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 are covalent linkages.


neuromast hair cell differentiation involved in neuromast regeneration

Differentiation of new neuromast sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.


uronic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uronic acid, any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.


dCMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dCMP = ADP + dCDP.


ureter maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.


positive regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.


ladanein 6-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + salvigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in a camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


maltodextrin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, from one side of a membrane to the other.


creatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle.


glutamate binding

Binding to glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA.


defense response to nematode

A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


mesangial cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a mesangial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. A mesangial cell is a cell that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney.


protein K27-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.


lipooligosaccharide binding

Binding to lipooligosaccharide. Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are the major glycolipids expressed on mucosal Gram-negative bacteria.


apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


B cell affinity maturation

The process in which B cells produce antibodies with increased antigen affinity. This is accomplished by somatic hypermutation and selection for B cells which produce higher affinity antibodies to antigen.


thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of thyroid gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of the thyroid gland epithelial cell population.


fatty acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = long-chain fatty acid + n+1 CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+.


regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous synaptic transmission.


protein localization to cell leading edge

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell leading edge.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->2)-glucosidic linkages in (1->2)-beta-D-glucans.


diorcinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diorcinol.


positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.


histone succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + histone = CoA + succinyl-histone.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.


histone H2BK5 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine-triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine phosphate (8-oxo-dGMP) + diphosphate. 8-oxo-dGTP is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis causing transversion mutations. 8-oxo-dGTPase hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to its monophosphate form to prevent the misincorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into cellular DNA.


galactitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol + NAD+ = D-tagatose + H+ + NADH.


regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate = tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate.


glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


thorax and anterior abdomen determination

Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.


ecdysone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.


metanephric part of ureteric bud development

The development of the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros.


2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + CoA + 2-keto-isovalerate = NADH + CO2 + isobutyryl-CoA.


proline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


soft palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.


leukotriene C4 gamma-glutamyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene C4 + a standard alpha amino acid = leukotriene D4 + an (gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid.


DNA methylation on adenine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-6 of adenine in a DNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + glycoprotein phospho-D-mannose.


regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


dimethylglycine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + H2O + O2 = formaldehyde + H2O2 + sarcosine.


histone H3K14 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.


negative regulation of amine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to differentiation-inducing factor 2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one stimulus.


acyl carrier activity

Binding an acyl group and presenting it for processing or offloading to a cognate enzyme. Covalently binds the acyl group via a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediates protein-protein interactions with the enzyme conferring specificity. The acyl carrier protein (ACP) presents substrates to enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis or in polyketide secondary metabolite biosynthesis.


negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


negative regulation of fever generation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of fever generation.


GSI anchor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The sphingolipid group is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via a ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GSI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.


vitamin E binding

Binding to a vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of retinoic acid to 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.


postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering

The clustering process in which postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) molecules are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. PSD-95 is mostly located in the post synaptic density of neurons, and is involved in anchoring synaptic proteins.


protein-phosphocysteine-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein cysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in).


choline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to granule cells. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


carbamoyl phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.


hypoxanthine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


sphingolipid binding

Binding to a sphingolipid, a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.


regulation of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress.


negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction.


threonine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


suppression by virus of host apoptotic process

Any viral process that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells, facilitating prolonged cell survival during viral replication.


positive regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


cardiac ventricle morphogenesis

The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


trimethylenediamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trimethylenediamine.


glucokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose-6-phosphate.


chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


interferon-omega production

The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


alpha-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha-adrenergic receptors.


Sertoli cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate.


nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A nucleotide is a compound that consists of a nucleoside esterified with a phosphate molecule.


B cell adhesion

The attachment of a B cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.


rhombomere 6 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


regulation of adaptive immune memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.


negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tricarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Tricarboxylic acid are organic acids with three COOH groups.


nucleolar chromatin organization

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of nucleolar chromatin.


L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-cystine from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol = 11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


positive regulation of metanephric podocyte development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.


The trimethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanine.


protein heterotrimerization

The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.


enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+.


phenanthrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene.


regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


cell migration to the midline involved in heart development

The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


ecgonine methyl ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecgonine methyl ester.


hexose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


histone H3K4 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + desulfoglucotropeolin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glucotropeolin + H+.


nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephron tubule are generated and organized. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


energy homeostasis

Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure.


establishment of epithelial cell planar polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of an epithelial cell along the plane of the epithelial tissue.


response to wortmannin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


prostaglandin-F synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 an ubiquinol = 2 H2O + 2 an ubiquinone.


4-coumarate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA.


extracellularly glutamate-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


response to interleukin-3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from two nuclei as a result of fusing the nuclear envelopes that surround each nuclei. This takes place following the mutual exchange of one of the two nuclei produced by the mitosis that follows the second meiotic nuclear division. This occurs in ciliated protozoans such as Tetrahymena.


protein localization to M-band

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the M band. The M band is the midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere.


IgG receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


trachea gland development

The progression of a trachea gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Trachea glands are found under the mucus of the trachea and secrete mucus, and agents that help protect the lung from injury and infection.


formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont

The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-L-threonine-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [protein]-L-threonine.


nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate.


atrioventricular valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


anaerobic electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene.


erythrocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.


angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis

Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


peptide crotonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-crotonyl-lysine-peptide.


indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an amino acid or polypeptide through an amide bond.


positive regulation of memory T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.


telomere-telomerase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere-telomerase complex.