sensory perception of pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.


regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


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Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


histone butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + histone = CoA + butyryl-histone.


trichome differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


protein-coenzyme A linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and coenzyme A.


transport of virus in host, cell to cell

The transport of a virus between adjacent cells in a multicellular organism.


beta-cryptoxanthin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cryptoxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = zeaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


positive regulation of lipid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.


inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate binding

Binding to inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate.


pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + H+ + O2 + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.


N-feruloylglycine deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-feruloylglycine + H2O = ferulate + glycine.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.


actinorhodin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving actinorhodin.


negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


basophil differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell.


lipid droplet fusion

The process by which a single lipid droplet is created from the fusion of two or more lipid droplets.


cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cob(I)alamin + hydrogen cyanide + NADP+ = cyanocob(III)alamin + H+ + NADPH.


cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


positive thymic T cell selection

The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


acinar cell differentiation

The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini.


C4 photosynthesis

The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.


phosphodiesterase decapping endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the removal of the cap from an unmethylated 5'-end capped RNA resulting in the release of the entire cap structure (GpppN) and a 5' monophosphorylated RNA.


lipid tube assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as they fuse or undergo fission.


intermediate filament polymerization or depolymerization

Assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of component parts from a filament.


zeatin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrozeatin + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + zeatin.


dihydropteroate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.


negative regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


negative regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate saccharopine.


cAMP receptor activity

Combining with cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.


locus ceruleus formation

The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


dIMP salvage

Any process which produces a dIMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


P-type cadmium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).


Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield

Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum tubular network

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.


alcohol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.


Se-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the selenium atom of an acceptor molecule.


regulation of female pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


hypoglossal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


lagging strand elongation

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended in a net 3' to 5' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork.


sigma factor antagonist activity

The function of binding to a sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its transcriptional activity.


histone H4K deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H4.


negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


autophagosome-lysosome fusion

The process in which autophagosomes, double-membraned vesicles containing cytoplasmic material, fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome.


regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


negative regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.


griseofulvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of griseofulvin, an important antifungal drug that has been in use for a long time for treating dermatophyte infections.


umbilical cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the development of the umbilical cord, from its formation to the mature structure. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a monoterpenol = CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester.


angiotensin type I receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.


response to leucine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


ureteric bud morphogenesis

The process in which the ureteric bud is generated and organized.


NADP+ binding

Binding to the oxidized form, NADP+, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


detoxification of iron ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of iron ion. These include transport of iron away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of iron ion.


carnosine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carnosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anserine + H+.


selenotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a selenium-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


isoprenoid biosynthetic process via mevalonate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via mevalonate.


isopentadecanoic acid binding

Binding to isopentadecanoic acid.


embryonic pattern specification

The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.


clathrin adaptor activity

Bringing together a cargo protein with clathrin, responsible for the formation of endocytic vesicles.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.


reuteran biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


negative regulation of circadian rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


cellular response to immobilization stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


negative regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into a cell.


cyanide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.


response to disaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.


dormancy process

A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.


regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


peripheral B cell deletion

The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.


hydroxymalonate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + oxomalonate.


2,3-dihydroxy DDT 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy DDT + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8,8-tetrachloroocta-2E,4E-dienoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,4'-disulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ATP + H2O + imidazol-4-ylacetate = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazol-4-ylacetate + ADP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


macrophage antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + CTP = CDP-D-glucose + diphosphate.


immune complex formation

The process that gives rise to an immune complex. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution. Examples are the clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody, precipitation of a toxin after an antibody binds to it, and clumping of viral particles as a result of antibody binding to the virus.


negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


germarium-derived cystoblast division

The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate.


cross bridge cycling involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which cross bridges are broken and reformed during filament sliding as part of the regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction.


adenosylhomocysteinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenosine + L-homocysteine.


lsiRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional long small interfering RNA (lsiRNA). lsiRNAs are class of siRNAs 30 to 40 nt in length. lsiRNAs are induced by pathogen infection or under specific growth conditions.


loop of Henle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The loop of Henle is a nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.


cumulus cell differentiation

The process in which a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.


protein linear polyubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is added to a protein.


positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition

Any signaling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle.


histone H3K36 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 36).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-6-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate.


glyphosate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyphosate + OH- = glyoxylate + aminomethylphosphonic acid + H+ + 2 e-.


lipoamidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond to release lipoic acid from a lipoylated protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol + UDP-D-glucose = (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


flavonol 3-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3-sulfate.


aggregation of unicellular organisms

The clustering together of unicellular organisms in suspension form aggregates.


1,2-dichloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dichloroethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + vinyl chloride.


regulation of amino acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


galactosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


contact inhibition

The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by direct cell-cell contact and is converted into a molecular signal, resulting in the cessation of cell growth or proliferation.


11-deoxycortisol binding

Binding to 11-deoxycortisol.


positive regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to MI phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


phytoene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoene.


podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the prostate glandular acinus.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.


epicardium-derived cardiac endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


neopullulanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to panose (6-alpha-D-glucosylmaltose).


coumarin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


cellular response to vitamin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.


molting cycle process

A multicellular organismal process involved in the periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin.


valine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H+ = 2-methylpropanamine + CO2.


dipeptidyl-peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.


modulation by symbiont of host cell motility

Modulation of host cell motility by a symbiont of that host.


cell proliferation in hindbrain ventricular zone

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain region that is adjacent to the ventricular cavity.


prostaglandin F receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin F (PGF (2-alpha)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


seminal clot liquefaction

The reproductive process in which coagulated semen becomes liquid following ejaculation, allowing the progressive release of motile spermatozoa.


neutrophil activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


p-cymene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.


modulation by host of viral RNA-binding transcription factor activity

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a viral RNA-binding transcription factor.


polyol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


chemoattraction involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The creation and reception of signals that result in the migration of interneuron precursors up a concentration gradient towards the olfactory bulb.


aldehyde decarbonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a C(n) aldehyde = C(n-1) alkane + CO.


pyrimidine nucleobase salvage

Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


delta 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid phosphatidylglycerol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-3-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol = 1-18:3-3-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H+. This reaction is the formation of a trans double bond between carbon 3 and carbon 4 (counting from the carboxyl end) of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol.


The acetylation of a glutamine residue in protein to form the N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. Its annotation in sequence databases is either due to the misidentification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, or to inappropriate homolog comparisons when proteolytic modification is more probable.


recombination within rDNA repeats

Genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.


cerebellar cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H+ = 4-cresol + CO2.


methylglyoxal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, GTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + GTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + GDP.


N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + Neu5Gc = diphosphate + CMP-Neu5Gc.


very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


ribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(A), forming oligoribonucleotides and ultimately 3'-AMP.


biotin binding

Binding to biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


rRNA cytidine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of an rRNA.


O-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


detection of low humidity

The series of events in which low humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.


Gi/o-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gi/o subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi/o subunit subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase and results in a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.


detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


sinapoyl spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on a sinapoyl spermidine molecule resulting in the formation of a disinapoyl spermidine derivative.


positive regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


positive regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


response to muscle activity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.


determination of ventral identity

The regionalization process that results in the determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the ventral region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


alpha-patchoulene synthase activityy

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphoric acid + alpha-patchoulene.


cellularization

The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development.


regulation of B cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a medium-chain trans-(2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A medium chain fatty acid is any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.


UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate.


hypothalamus cell migration

The directed movement of a cell into the hypothalamus region of the forebrain.


positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: eugenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + O-methyleugenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


response to mercaptoethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.


ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


endocardial cushion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


cingulate gyrus development

The progression of the cingulate gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cingulate gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex located dorsal to the corpus callosum.


modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-desacetyltaxuyunnanin C + acetyl-CoA = CoA + taxuyunnanin C.


negative regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.


necroptotic signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals which triggers the necroptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, is characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3), and ends when the execution phase of necroptosis is triggered.


anterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


RNA replication

The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of RNA.


regulation of flower development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


cold acclimation

Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.


processes downstream of sex determination signal

The sex determination processes that take place after the initial transmission of the sexual phenotype to specific information pathways.


cellular response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.


positive regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the postsynaptic cytosol.


trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = dihydroxyferuloyl-sinapoyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of appetite

Any process which modulates appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


flight

Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


ergosterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.


biofilm matrix organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a biofilm matrix.


L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NADP+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+.


modulation by virus of host autophagy

Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavon-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


menthone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-(2S,5R)-menthone + NAD+ = (5R)-menth-2-enone + NADH + H+.


neuroblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts.


ribonuclease T2 activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


sulfite dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 2 ferricytochrome c + H2O = sulfate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


positive regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


regulation of heart induction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of heart induction. Heart induction is the close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any voltage-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + polypeptide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-polypeptide. This reaction is the modification of serine or threonine residues in polypeptide chains by the transfer of a N-acetylgalactose from UDP-N-acetylgalactose to the hydroxyl group of the amino acid; it is the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis.


negative regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.


positive regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway.


spike train

A series of sequential, propagated action potentials occurring in a single cell.


positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


quinine 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + quinine = 3-hydroxyquinine + H2O + NADP+.


sorbitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sorbitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: ethyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP+ = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.


adonirubin 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adonirubin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3S,3'S-astaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-6-(2-aminophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O <=> H+ + anthranilate + (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


O-glycan processing, core 6

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 6 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)-GalNAc.


response to angiotensin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.


fructoselysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoselysine, a fructose molecule containing a lysine group in place of a hydroxyl group.


dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate in the cis-configuration to form dehydrodolichyl diphosphate.


negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.


neural keel formation

The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


cellular response to inositol starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of inositol.


androecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the androecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cysteamine = S-acetylcysteamine + CoA.


2-deoxyglucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + an alcohol.


peptidyl-cysteine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-sulfo-L-cysteine.


amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols.


6-hydroxycineole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.


negative regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation involved in sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


extracellular matrix assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix.


positive regulation of acylglycerol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.


response to tetrahydrofolate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.


negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


glutamine synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + NH4+ = ADP + H+ + L-glutamine + phosphate.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = GDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


asialoglycoprotein receptor activity

Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.


positive regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.


pollen exine formation

The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.


negative regulation of developmental growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.


methanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.


endosulfan diol hydrolyase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan ether + H2O.


regulation of asexual reproduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.


positive regulation of asymmetric cell division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.


pseudouridylate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + uracil = H2O + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.


atrial septum intermedium morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum intermedium is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + 4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


Catalysis of the reaction: (DNA)-3'-diphospho-5'-guanosine + H2O = (DNA)-3'-phosphate + GMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.


regulation of aldosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


negative regulation of defense response to virus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.


response to interleukin-11

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.


phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphate (PO4 3-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


follicle cell of egg chamber development

The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ABC-type indole transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + indole(in) = ADP + phosphate + indole(out).


allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-allulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.


eye pigment granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye.


glycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


structural constituent of synapse-associated extracellular matrix

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.


endochitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, endochitinases cleave randomly within the chitin chain.


toxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


interleukin-26 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-26 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of leaflet formation by auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaflet formation as a result of the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


1-naphthoic acid dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + O2 + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene + NAD+.


Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Rho GTPase-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


leukotriene-C4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene C(4) = glutathione + leukotriene A(4).


chanoclavine-I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I.


socially cooperative development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a non-reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A non-reproductive fruiting body is a colonial multicellular structure consisting of co-operating unicellular organisms, some of which are spores. An example of such a process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum and Myxococcus xanthus colonies.


cardiac muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in the heart, in which a decrease in cell mass and then in heart size occurs due to shrinking of the individual cells. The shrinkage is caused by protein degradation.


Catalysis of the reaction: RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + NH3 + pyruvate.


detoxification of mercury ion

Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of mercuric ion. These include transport of mercury away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of mercury ion and/or reduction of mercury ion (Hg[II]) to metallic mercury (Hg[0]).


germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst.


protein localization to photoreceptor outer segment

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor outer segment.


positive regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


cardioblast migration

The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


negative regulation of CD40 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.


T-helper 1 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.


Golgi reassembly

The reformation of the Golgi following its breakdown and partitioning contributing to Golgi inheritance.


biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl + NADH + H+ + O2 = (2R,3S)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+. This reaction requires Fe2+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropylaniline + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


arginine catabolic process to spermine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including spermine.


L-xylulose reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + NADH + H+.


succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = succinate + NAD(P)H + H+.


sulfur utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary sulfur sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary sulfur source and to transport and metabolize alternate sulfur sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects sulfur levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize sulfur-containing compounds, and ends when the sulfur is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


L-asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


beak morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the beak are generated and organized. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.


positive regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


superior olivary nucleus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the superior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


Mullerian duct regression

The process in which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos.


cell proliferation in external granule layer

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the external granule layer of the hindbrain. The external granule layer is the layer that originates from the rostral half of the rhombic lip in the first rhombomere.


regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


acryloyl-CoA reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.


detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


pentalenene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + pentalenene.


regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


ITP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ITP, inosine (5'-)triphosphate.


positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.


erythropoietin receptor activity

Combining with erythropoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.


regulation of response to cycloalkane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.


viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus

The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.


CYP79F1 dihomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 5-methylthiopentanaldoxime + 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP.


acyl-phosphate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


conus arteriosus development

The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


2-deoxystreptamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxystreptamine.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream.


regulation of epithelial tube formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.


C-terminal protein deglutamylation

The removal of a C-terminal, gene-encoded glutamate residue from a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin. Melatonin is also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine.


AAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAU codon.


establishment of anatomical structure orientation

The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis.


thymocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.


allose 6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-allose-6-phosphate = D-allulose-6-phosphate.


deoxyhypusine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine + donor-H2 + O2 = protein N6-((R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine + acceptor + H2O.


cellular response to dextromethorphan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.


(S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process

Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.


response to prolactin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus. The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin has a number of roles including being essential for lactation.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-2,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2alpha-hydroxytaxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2alpha, 7beta-dihydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


sperm DNA condensation

The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication.


protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate.


Binding to 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.


nodulation

The formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on plant roots.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tryptophan + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tryptophan + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


protein-N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[protein] + H2O = N-terminal L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.


metanephric glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of conidium formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


response to viscosity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.


forebrain neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.


peptidyl-glutamic acid methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.


P450-containing electron transport chain

A electron transport chain in which one or more electron carriers operate to transfer electrons from donors to a cytochrome P450 protein or domain. Electron carriers operating in this chain include FAD-containing flavoproteins or domains, FMN domains, ferredoxins and cytochrome b5. The reduced cytochrome P450 functions as the terminal oxidase and participates in a wide range of biochemical pathways.


intracellular amino acid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of amino acids within a cell.


benzoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of transcytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.


plasma membrane raft distribution

The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a plasma membrane.


2-dehydropantoate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydropantoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + formaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + 6-methylthiohexylglucosinolate.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the overall reaction: methyl-Co(III) methylated-thiol-specific corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = Co(I) methylated--thiol-specific corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM.


iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + 3 NADP <=> 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.


regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


sulfite oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + sulfite = H2O2 + H+ + sulfate.


anterior head development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior part of the head over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


arginine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine = D-arginine.


olefin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving olefin.


apocarotenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


induction of conjugation upon nutrient starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon starvation for one or more nutrients.


dimethylsilanediol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.


rolling circle DNA replication

A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a single-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. Replication typically does not cease when one circumference has been replicated, but continues around the circumference several more times, producing a long single strand comprising multimers of the replicon.


7-methylguanosine mRNA capping

Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript.


regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + H+ = diphosphate + thiamine phosphate.


glucosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-glucose + N-acylsphingosine.


deoxycytidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + deoxycytidine = NDP + CMP.


tridecane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tridecane.


negative regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA = 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanal + formyl-CoA.


(+)-camphor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone which is one of the major components in the leaves of common sage. Camphor exists in two enantiomers, but the (+)-isomer is more widely distributed.


ribonuclease T1 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


ferredoxin-nitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


pons morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


interphase microtubule organizing center assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including gamma-tubulin and other proteins, to form an interphase microtubule organizing center.


anatomical structure arrangement

The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


histidine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = histamine + CO2.


CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate from one side of a membrane to the other.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


light absorption

The reception of a photon by a cell.


regulation of emodin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N3-methylcytidine in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ribosome localization

A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


galactarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + p-aminobenzoyl glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


response to mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


cellular response to sucrose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + leukotriene E(4) + NADPH + O2 = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene E(4) + H2O + NADP+.


glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + NADP+ = D-glycerate + NADPH + H+.


submerged biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


cotyledon vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the cotyledon of vascular plants.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.


regulation of heart rate by chemical signal

The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with 1-N6-ethenoadenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 1-N6-ethenoadenine. This reaction is the removal of 1,N6-ethenoadenine by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-5-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate + H+.


glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


selenoneine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenoneine.


response to lead ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


glossopharyngeal nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


intracellular zinc ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of zinc ions within a cell.


cytidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.


heptose 7-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-alpha,beta-D-heptose-7-phosphate + ATP = D-beta-D-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate + ADP.


diphosphoinositol polyphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.


kinetin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kinetin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)kinetin + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = NADH + (4S)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanoate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= dopamine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.


negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of asymmetric cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.


regulation of sexual sporulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of meiosis. An example of this is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


purine nucleobase binding

Binding to a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.


protein localization to cell cortex

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex.


subpallium neuron fate commitment

The process in which in the subpallium, the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


peptide antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides with antibiotic activity.


CGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGC codon.


histone H2AK9 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


mRNA N1-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


metanephric nephron tubule development

The progression of a metanephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.


positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + D-glucose = D-glucitol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


pterocarpan reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (-)-medicarpin + NADPH = (+)-vestitol + NADP.


5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


positive regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


vulval cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of nematode vulval cells is acquired and determined. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> myricetin 3-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-hydroxypropenoate

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropenoate = propynoate + H2O.


photomorphogenesis

The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.


compound eye corneal lens development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.


t-circle formation

A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of a telomeric circle, or t-circle. A t-circle is an extrachromosomal duplex or single-stranded circular DNA molecule composed of t-arrays. T-circles are involved in the control of telomere length via alternative-lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway and telomere rapid deletion (TRD).


response to increased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.


isogloboside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lactosyl-ceramide derivative in which a galactose is linked to the galactose via an alpha 1,3 linkage (vs alpha 1,4 for globosides).


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S5 O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 5).


lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


inferior olivary nucleus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the inferior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


tetrahydrofuran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofuran, a cyclic 4 carbon ether. It is one of the most polar ethers and is a widely used solvent for polar reagents. Since THF is very soluble in water and has a relatively low boiling point, significant amounts are often released into the environment, causing contamination problems.


N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


L-sorbose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.


2-dehydropantolactone reductase (A-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.


negative regulation of neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.


cellular response to undecane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an undecane stimulus.


leucokinin receptor activity

Combining with a leucokinin, any of several octapeptide hormones found in insects, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


[dermatan sulfate]-L-iduronyl 2-Osulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + [dermatan]-alpha-L-iduronate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + [dermatan-sulfate]-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronate.


hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop.


cellular response to angiotensin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.


R2/R5 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R2 and R5 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


diadenylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP = 3',3'-c-di-AMP + 2 diphosphate.


regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + acceptor = CO2 + reduced acceptor.


D-sorbitol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol + acceptor = L-sorbose + reduced acceptor.


testicular fusome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome.


positive regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.


cyanate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanate + H2O = carbamate.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity

Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.


FMN metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


cellular response to diphenidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.


CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


kidney cortex tubule cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a kidney cortex tubule cell (specialized epithelial cell of the kidney) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


paracrine signaling

The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other.


positive regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


behavioral response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of the plasma membrane potential.


NAD+ kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NAD+ = ADP + 2 H+ + NADP+.


antigen sampling by dendritic cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

The process of antigen sampling carried out by dendritic cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha production

The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cardiocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.


cellular response to increased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.


spermatid nucleus elongation

The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation.


pore-mediated entry of viral genome into host cell

Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.


cranial nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


oxysterol transfer activity

Removes oxysterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


proximal straight tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.


telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery.


histone ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone substrate.


3',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 3',3' GAMP).


thrombopoietin receptor activity

Combining with the glycoprotein thrombopoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.


3-keto sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxyl sterol + NADP+ = a 3-keto sterol + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 5' positions.


ATPase-coupled L-glutamate tranmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-glutamate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate(in).


circadian behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


modulation by symbiont of host transcription

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ferrichrome transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a ferrichrome from one side of a membrane to the other. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


apocarotenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


antigen processing and presentation following macropinocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via macropinocytosis.


bombesin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a bombesin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a juxtaglomerulus cell.


regulation of meristem structural organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem organization.


spermidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.


thiamine diphosphate dephosphorylation

The removal of one or more phosphate groups from thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


tetrahydrofolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.


cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


regulation of chondrocyte development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.