olfactory receptor activity

Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity in response to detection of smell.


fructosyl-amino acid oxidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: fructosyl-amino acid + O2 = corresponding amino acid + glucosone + H2O2.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


red or far-red light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660-730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


alpha-copaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> alpha-copaene + diphosphoric acid.


mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation

The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism.


regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


ABC-type tungstate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + tungstate(in) = ADP + phosphate + tungstate(out).


lateral mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a lateral mesoderm cell.


regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides.


trigeminal nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


amine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm.


negative regulation of testicular blood vessel morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis in the testicle.


nociceptin receptor activity

Combining with the peptide nociceptin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


cellular response to ionomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.


RNA 5'-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the 5'-gamma-phosphate in an RNA molecule.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


pollen-pistil interaction

The interaction between a pollen grain and pistil.


sensory organ boundary specification

The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.


rhamnogalacturonan endolyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a rhamnogalacturonan type I <=> [rhamnogalacturonan I oligosaccharide]-alpha-L-rhamnose + 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-galactopyranosyluronate-[rhamnogalacturonan I oligosaccharide].


regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.


mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.


swim bladder morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


Binding to beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc.


D-octopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + NAD+ + H2O = L-arginine + pyruvate + NADH.


lipoprotein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


UDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.


renal vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system.


transketolase activity

Catalysis of the reversible transfer of a 2-carbon ketol group (CH2OH-CO-) from a ketose phosphate donor to an aldose phosphate acceptor.


response to leukemia inhibitory factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.


embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


plastid fission

The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.


cellular response to electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


neural fold folding

The process of folding the neuroepithelium around the medial hinge point to create the neural elevations, and around the lateral hinge points to produce convergence of the folds.


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the front of the cell.


luteal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a luteal cell. Large luteal cells develop from granulosa cells. Small luteal cells develop from theca cells.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.


histone arginine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


peptide lactyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (L-lysyl-[protein] + lactoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-lactoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


myosin light chain kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-light-chain = ADP + myosin-light-chain phosphate.


cellular response to chloramphenicol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 11alpha,30-dihydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


eosinophil activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


lactosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.


positive regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 3-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-4-one = carbon monoxide + N-formylanthranilate.


anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.


L-carnitine CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA and 4-trimethylammoniobutanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA.


response to food

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.


type I interferon production

The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


cellular response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.


blastocyst development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm.


ADP-riboxanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = ADP-riboxanated L-argininyl-[protein] + H+ + NH4(+) + nicotinamide.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.


morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium

The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H2O = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H+.


ribulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L(or D)-ribulose = ADP + L(or D)-ribulose 5-phosphate.


ATP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ADP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene = 9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene.


ecdysis, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle

The shedding of the old collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle fragments during the molting cycle. Examples of this process are found in invertebrates.


mRNA cap binding complex binding

Binding to a mRNA cap binding complex.


regulation of lipid storage

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


methanol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + methanol = H2O2 + formaldehyde.


protein trimerization

The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


positive regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


rhombomere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


inductive cell migration

Migration of a cell in a multicellular organism that, having changed its location, is required to induce normal properties in one or more cells at its new location. An example of this would be the distal tip cells of Caenorhabditis elegans.


brassinolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + castasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> brassinolide + NADP + H2O.


salicin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.


phenanthrene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-1,2-oxide.


protein localization to spore cell wall

A process in which a protein is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a spore cell wall.


neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.


pH-gated chloride channel activity

A gated channel activity that enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in pH.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell chemotaxis

The movement of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of thymocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


flavanone 4-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP+ = (2S)-flavanone + NADPH.


regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3,7-di O-beta-D-glucoside + vanillate + H+.


membrane macromolecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.


NAD-dependent protein lipoamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + H2O + NAD+ = 2''-O-lipoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


D-allose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of neural crest cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


response to anticoagulant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticoagulant stimulus.


regulation of activin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.


cell-cell signaling involved in kidney development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


thick ascending limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thick ascending limb is the last part of the loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in magnetoreception

The series of events that contribute to magnetoception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of an induced electric field resulting from movement in a magnetic field.


ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of ganglion are generated and organized.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


perturbation of host Rho protein signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters a Rho protein family-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-threonine O-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-threonine.


response to pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


deacetylisoipecoside synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylisoipecoside + H2O = dopamine + secologanin.


peptidyl-lysine demalonylation

The process of removing a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from an malonylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


detoxification of copper ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.


determination of wing disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the wing disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of a wing imaginal disc.


Golgi apparatus mannose trimming

Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the Golgi apparatus.


L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(1-) + a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate <=> NADH(2-) + H+ + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = pyruvate + CO2.


formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + CoA + H+.


positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H2O.


transforming growth factor beta production

The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.


regulation of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting.


response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.


Toll signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.


plant-type cell wall loosening involved in abscission

Any plant-type cell wall loosening that is involved in abscission.


apoptotic chromosome condensation

The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis.


negative regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylene-3-methylsuccinate = dimethylmaleate.


2-hydroxyglutarate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + propanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyglutarate + CoA + H+.


regulation of smooth muscle tissue development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.


positive regulation of salivary gland formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that induces the formation of the salivary gland field by means of the secretion of a signal by a mesenchymal cell and its reception and interpretation by an epithelial cell resulting in it adopting the identity of a salivary gland bud cell.


curcumin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the polyphenol, curcumin.


viral release from host cell by cytolysis

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell by the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD+ <=> 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADH.


protein localization to microtubule plus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule plus-end.


negative regulation of natural killer cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


alginate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-mannuronate + alginate(n) = GDP + alginate(n+1).


peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptide-L-methionine + H2O + thioredoxin disulfide = peptide-L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the R enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.


UFM1 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier UFM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


regulation of leaf morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf morphogenesis.


negative regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching

The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


isoursodeoxycholate 7-beta-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta,7beta-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate + NAD+ = 3beta-hydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H+ + NADH.


lanosterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + lanosterol = CoA + lanosterol ester.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


nitrous-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 cytochrome c + nitrogen = 2 reduced cytochrome c + nitrous oxide.


ERBB4-EGFR signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals transmitted by a heterodimeric complex of the tyrosine kinase receptors EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor/ERBB1) and ERBB4. The pathway begins with binding of a ligand to either cell surface receptor, or the dimeric receptor complex, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of antipodal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.


lysine N-acetyltransferase activity, acting on acetyl phosphate as donor

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + L-lysine = phosphate + N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG).


propanediol channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of propanediol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


haloperoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + H2O2 = R-C-halogen + H2O.


somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless fish

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of jawless fish.


negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.


positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


undecaprenyl-phosphate glucose phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol.


tolerance induction to tumor cell

A process of tolerance induction which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


cortisol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + cortisol = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + cortisol 21-sulfate + H+.


B cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.


AAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAG codon.


isocitrate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate = glyoxylate + succinate.


perturbation of blood coagulation in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change that affects blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.


calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) combining with a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor on the surface of the target cell. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process that initiates skeletal muscle satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment granule maturation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, contributing to the process in which a membrane-bounded organelle develops into a pigment granule. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


mating plug formation

The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.


vascular process in circulatory system

A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the vasculature.


response to 3-methylcholanthrene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3-methylcholanthrene stimulus.


JUN kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues in a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of a subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which signal in response to cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) is a dual-specificity protein kinase kinase and requires activation by a serine/threonine kinase JUN kinase kinase kinase.


embryonic hemocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the embryonic head mesoderm acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


pyridoxine 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + acceptor = isopyridoxal + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: chenodeoxycholoyltaurine + H2O = chenodeoxycholate + taurine.


gibberellin A12, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (gibberellin A15-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A15 + carbon dioxide + succinate.


negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).


atrazine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving atrazine, a triazine ring-containing compound, widely used as a herbicide.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization to extracellular region

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway by the directed movement of a Wnt protein within the extracellular region.


acetoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin = (R)-acetoin.


regulation of glycine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import into a cell.


Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (systematic name, tetradecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on a cysteine residue of a protein molecule in the reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-tetradecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


purine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a N-D-ribosylpurine + H2O = a purine + D-ribose.


16:0 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into an unsaturated 16-carbon fatty acid in a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol molecule.


noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


1-penten-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-penten-3-one + NADPH + H+ <=> 1-pentan-3-one + NADP.


epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted.


Catalysis of the reaction: 16-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = H2O + 16-dehydroprogesterone.


nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

The incorporation of nickel into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.


positive regulation of B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.


CTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


dense core granule localization

Any process in which a dense core granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + D-alanine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 2-methylserine.


4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


larval salivary gland boundary specification

Determination in a larval organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


cell adhesion involved in biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm.


antisense RNA transcription

The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.


cellular response to cycloheximide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


propioin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyhexan-3-one = 2 propanal.


asymmetric protein localization to old mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the old mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


thymidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + brassicasterol <=> UDP(3-) + 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-brassicasterol + H+.


geranylgeraniol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


cysteine biosynthetic process from serine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine.


5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


perturbation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.


low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


GA5 3beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A5 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A3 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


Actinobacterium-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Actinobacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane. Actinobacterial cell walls contain characteristic mycolic acids, of which some are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan and others accumulate at the cell surface.


determination of adult lifespan

The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal.


negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.


synaptic target inhibition

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemorepellent signals that inhibit its growth toward the source.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


anterior commissure morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum.


regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


scutellarein 7-methyl ether 6-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> cirsimaritin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


histidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


limb joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb joint are generated and organized. A limb joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a limb to allow movement in a controlled manner.


aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-aldose + NAD+ = D-aldonolactone + NADH.


methylglyoxal synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate.


peptidyl-tyrosine uridylylation

The uridylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-tyrosine, found in glutamine synthetase.


protein deglycase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a lysine residue of a glycated protein.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


vestibulocochlear nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


photosynthesis, light harvesting

Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers.


establishment of melanosome localization

The directed movement of a melanosome to a specific location.


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trinitrophenol + H- = 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


response to abscisic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.


guanylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GMP = ADP + GDP.


T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

An immune response mediated by a T cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


cyanuric acid amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanuric acid + H2O = biuret + CO2.


chloroplast elongation

Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division.


deoxyuridine 2'-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + succinate + uridine.


cytotoxic T cell pyroptotic process

Any pyroptotic process in a cytotoxic T cell.


neuron fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


positive regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.


regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


regulation of natural killer cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.


central nervous system myelin formation

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system.


regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid transmembrane transport.


convergent extension involved in organogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


sensory perception of wind

The series of events required for an organism to receive sensory mechanical stimulus resulting from air flow, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.


negative regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.


1,2-dichloroethane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


negative regulation of encysted zoospore germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination.


negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-p-coumaroylglucoside + coenzyme A.


farnesol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol + NADP+ = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal + H+ + NADPH.


negative regulation of tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


negative regulation of stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.


3-oxolaurate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxolaurate + H+ = 2-undecanone + CO2.


2-hexadecenal reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + palmitaldehyde = trans-hexadec-2-enal + H+ + NADPH.


membrane reorganization involved in phagocytosis, engulfment

The assembly and arrangement of the plasma membrane that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


negative regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


inward migration of deep nuclear neurons

The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate to their final more ventral position.


positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.


adenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


viral entry via permeabilization of endosomal membrane

The entry of a non-enveloped virus into a host eukaryotic cell, following endocytosis, via permeabilization of the endosomal membrane by membrane penetration protein(s) associated with the viral capsid. In some cases, viral membrane-penetration protein require first to be activated to display its membrane penetrating activity. Activation can be due to receptor binding or the acidic pH of the endosomal lumen.


citronellyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellate + CoASH + ATP = citronellyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


protein localization to early endosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an early endosome.


indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


positive regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically.


guanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cellular response to nitrogen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.


cAMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic adenosine monophosphate + H2O = cyclic inosine monophosphate + NH3.


isopropylmalate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of isopropylmalate from one side of a membrane to the other.


C-22 sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the formation of the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. An example reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.


heparan sulfate binding

Binding to heparan sulfate.


negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a fusion cell fate. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.


negative regulation of cell killing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.


cellular hyperosmotic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


uterine smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of acetylcholine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into a cell.


neuron development involved in amphid sensory organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, that contributes to the development of the amphid sensory organ.


alkali metal ion binding

Binding to an alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.


alternative oxidase activity

Catalysis of the oxidation of ubiquinol by diverting electrons from the standard electron transfer chain, transferring them from ubiquinol to oxygen and generating water as the product.


histone H3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H3 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H3. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


positive regulation of response to calcium ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to calcium ion.


xanthine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of xanthine from one side of a membrane to the other. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + trans-zeatin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-trans-zeatin + UDP(3-).


positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the first glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


nuclear pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end.


positive regulation of necroptotic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of eye pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.


hemidesmosome assembly

Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina.


telencephalon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived.


Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl 3-hydroxy-L-asparagine + succinate + CO2.


2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(2'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 2',3' GAMP).


negative regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC protein complex.


positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


metanephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric nephron are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros.


vistamycin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vistamycin.


cyclopentanol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclopentanol.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, cis-Golgi to rough ER

The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of cis-Golgi to rough ER transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.


quinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinone.


epsilon-caprolactam lactamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-caprolactam + H2O = H+ + 6-aminohexanoate.


cellular response to sterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.


DNA transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


nicotinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinate.


endoglycosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligoglycosylglucosylceramide = ceramide + oligoglycosylglucose.


regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> cyclooctat-9-en-5,7-diol + H2O + NADP.


di-homo-gamma-linolenate delta5 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> arachidonate + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


indolelactate dehydrogenase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(indol-3-yl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + H+ + NADH.


RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); uses an RNA template, i.e. the catalysis of RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time.


action potential initiation

The initiating cycle of an action potential. In vertebrate neurons this typically occurs at an axon hillock. Not all initiated axon potentials propagate.


maleylacetate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate + NAD(P)+ = 2-maleylacetate + NAD(P)H + H+.


ergothioneine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


peptide N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the acetylation of an amino acid residue of a peptide or protein, according to the reaction: succinyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-succinylpeptide.


spinal cord commissural neuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a commissural neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


carcinine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carcinine from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.


endocrocin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of endocrocin.


purine ribonucleoside salvage

Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


pheophorbide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + reduced ferredoxin + 2 O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.


NAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of NAD from one side of a membrane to the other.


precorrin-6A synthase (deacetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H+ + precorrin-6X.


acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

An acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimuli such as heat or physical trauma.


regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


positive regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


modulation by symbiont of host protein ubiquitination

Any process by which a symbiont increases or decreases ubiquitination of target proteins of a host organism.


dehydropipecolic acid reductase

Catalysis of the reaction: dehydropipecolic acid + NAD(P)H + H+ = L-pipecolic acid + NAD(P)+.


intracellular ammonium homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of ammonium within a cell.


gephyrin clustering involved in postsynaptic density assembly

The clustering process in which gephyrin molecules are localized to distinct domains in the postsynaptic density as part of postsynaptic density assembly. Gephyrin is a component of the postsynaptic protein network of inhibitory synapses.


abscisic acid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of abscisic acid within an organism or cell.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + acetate.


tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell initiated by the action of tissue (glandular) kallikreins on low molecular weight kininogen in response to tissue damage. Tissue kallikreins are present in glandular tissues and their fluids, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney. The ultimate products of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


opioid growth factor receptor activity

Combining with the opioid growth factor (OGF, met-enkephalin) and transmitting the signal across the nuclear membrane. Met-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide that binds to opioid and opioid growth factor receptors, regulating tissue growth in a variety of cellular processes.


regulation of receptor recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)pyruvate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-3-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxobutanoate.


nicotianamine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + nicotianamine = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + L-glutamate.


hyaluronan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucuronate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = [beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)](n) + 2n UDP.


response to cobalt ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.


regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.


negative regulation of neural retina development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of galactosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of galactose or a galactose derivative.


immune complex clearance

A process directed at removing immune complexes from the body. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution.


phenylphosphate carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylphosphate + CO2 + H2O = H+ + phosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate.


DNA ligase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


interleukin-11 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-11 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


RNA uridylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1).


regulation of monocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.


acetylenic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an acetylenic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C).


endocardial cushion fusion

The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.


negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


accessory nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the accessory nerve This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


tongue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


acetate ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetate esteran acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


rhombomere 5 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 5 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


precorrin-6A reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-6B + NADP+ = precorrin-6A + NADPH + H+.


cellular response to chemokine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: TRIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> (2R)-DIMBOA glucoside + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-corytuberine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + magnoflorine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi.


alditol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + NADH+ + H+.


sucrose mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of sucrose.


modulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in another organism.


ganglioside GT1b binding

Binding to ganglioside GT1b.


guard cell differentiation

The process in which a guard mother cell acquires the specialized features of a guard cell.


flavanone 7-O-glucoside 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + a flavanone 7-O-glucoside = UDP + a flavanone 7-O-[beta-L-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].


bilirubin oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin + O2 = 2 biliverdin + 2 H2O.


regulation of neural crest formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation proceeds.


heterochromatin boundary formation

A process that forms a boundary that limits the spreading of heterochromatin along a chromosome.


foregut regionalization

The pattern specification process that results in the spatial subdivision of an axis or axes along the foregut to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place.


negative regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of bipolar cell polarity.


negative regulation of collagen metabolic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


L-fucose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fucose = L-fuculose.


positive regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->6)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->6)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


tRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methyladenine.


regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


Binding to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


paspalicine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 13-desoxypaxilline + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> paspalicine + NADP + 2 H2O.


ketone body metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body.


response to vitamin K

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.


determination of genital disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two.


folic acid receptor activity

Combining selectively with extracellular folic acid and delivering it into the cell via endocytosis.


phlorizin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phlorizin + H2O = beta-D-glucose + phloretin.


chlorophyll fluorescence

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is re-emitted as light.


root epithelial mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


mitochondrial tRNA thio-modification

The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


S-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


type I pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate = 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + CO2 + H2O.


behavioral response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxynucleoside phosphate = ADP + deoxynucleoside diphosphate.


generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


arginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


facial nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


transduction

A type of horizontal gene transfer in which genetic material is introduced into a cell mediated by a virus.


chrysobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


lactose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + D-glucose = UDP + lactose.


indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryptophan + O2 = N-formylkynurenine. The product of the reaction depends on the substrate; D-tryptophan produces N-formyl-D-kynurenine, and L-tryptophan produces N-formyl-L-kynurenine.


superior endocardial cushion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a superior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.


aortic valve development

The progression of the aortic valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cardiac muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.


lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a lipoprotein particle.


protein localization to photoreceptor connecting cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor connecting cilium.


dTDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.


negative regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


protein oxidation

The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.


plastid gene expression

The process in which a plastid gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


histone H2AR3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H2A.


multi-layer follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when many layers of follicle cells surround the oocyte. There is a yolk nucleus (Balbiani's Body) near the germinal vesicle.


3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone + reduced (NADPH-hemoprotein reducdtase) + O2 = 6=deoxotyphasterol + oxidized (NADPH-hemoprotein reductase) + H2O.


dense core granule biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a dense core granule. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the dense core granule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + H+ + succinate.


perforin production

The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


negative regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into a COPII-coated vesicle.


positive regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.


all-trans retinal binding

Binding to all-trans retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. All-trans retinal (trans r., visual yellow) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


caecum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a caecum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


iron acquisition from host

The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.


response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by a manganese stimulus.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


rhombomere cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of rhombomere cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


renal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


protein adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to L-serine, L-threonine, and L-tyrosine residues in target proteins.


regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


trimming of terminal mannose on C branch

The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the C-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the salivary gland. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Any inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


inulinase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 2,1-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin.


developmental maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.


R8 cell-mediated photoreceptor organization

The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor.


centrosomal and pronuclear rotation

The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion.


riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of riboflavin from one side of a membrane to the other. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.


enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + [xanthine dehydrogenase] = reduced glutathione + xanthine-oxidase.


trypsinogen activation

The proteolytic processing of trypsinogen to the active form, trypsin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception

The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cardiac neural crest cell development involved in heart development

The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the development of the heart.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


negative regulation of dermatome development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


positive regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.


adrenaline O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-adrenaline(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> metanephrine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


stomatal lineage progression

The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex.


gibberellin 12 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of egress of virus within host cell.


16S rRNA (adenine(1518)-N(6)/adenine(1519)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1518)/adenine(1519) in 16S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1518)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1519) in 16S rRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NAD(P)+ = (4R,5S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


posterior abdomen determination

The regionalization process in which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes.


AAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAA codon.


presynaptic membrane organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.


metanephric capsule specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of the metanephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


negative regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.