hercynylselenocysteine lyase activity (selenoneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylselenocysteine + 2H+ = selenoneine + pyruvate + ammonium.


regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.


excitatory synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.


regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


xanthosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthosine.


pyrimidine nucleotide binding

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Binding to a pyrimidine nucleotide, a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


hypotaurocyamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hypotaurocyamine = N(omega)-phosphohypotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Fas-activated serine/threonine protein = ADP + Fas-activated serine/threonine phosphoprotein.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


metaphase

The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.


embryonic digestive tract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.


glycerophospholipid flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a glycerophospholipid from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in abscission

Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in abscission.


beta-amyrin 30-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADP + H2O.


fear response

The response of an organism to a perceived external threat.


inferior colliculus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin, lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subdivisions: the central nucleus (CIC), a dorsal cortex (DCIC) by which it is surrounded, and an external cortex (ICX) which is located laterally.


RISC complex binding

Binding to a RISC complex.


trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a trans-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population in response to an axonal lesion. The newly generated Schwann cells support subsequent axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.


regulation of pyruvate kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.


beta-amyrin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 11alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


cystoblast division

Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells.


cardiac pacemaker cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to pacemaker cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


arsonoacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides.


quercetin 3-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


protein-containing complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


positive regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


positive regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxycathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 6-deoxoteasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a keratinocyte. A keratinocyte is an epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.


detection of redox state

The series of events in which a chemical stimulus indicating redox state is received and converted into a molecular signal. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


interneuron migration

The orderly movement of an interneuron from one site to another.


positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.


3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropionate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.


middle viral transcription

The viral transcription that takes place after early transcription in the viral life cycle, and which involves the transcription of genes required for replication.


negative regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that decreases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


angiotensin maturation

The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of angiotensinogen into mature angiotensin in the blood.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


hepatic stellate cell contraction

The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a hepatic stellate cell.


isopentenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenol.


type IIb hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


guanine binding

Binding to guanine.


ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+.


cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


lymph gland crystal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


ATP-dependent protein-DNA complex displacement activity

An activity that displaces proteins or protein complexes from DNA, sometimes in a 'wire stripping' fashion, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


response to interleukin-9

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.


D-glutamyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:  D-glutamate + D-glutamine = gamma-D-glutamyl-D-glutamate + NH4+. Can also transfer additional glutamyl residues to a peptide, extending the polypeptide chain.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-D-galactose <=> quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside + UDP(3-) + H+.


cadinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cadinene.


retroviral integrase activity

Catalysis of the covalent insertion of double-stranded retroviral DNA into host DNA. Proceeds by an endonucleolytic cleavage at each 3'-OH extremity of the viral genome, named 3'-processing, followed by a strand transfer reaction leading to the insertion of the processed viral DNA into the target DNA by a trans-esterification mechanism.


nicotine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.


response to defenses of other organism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of another organism.


urea carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + urea = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + urea-1-carboxylate.


cell-to-cell migration by invasive hypha

The directional movement of a hyphal filament from one host cell to another. This process involves the clearance of plant-derived plasmodesmal occlusion materials, cytoskeleton based constriction of invasive hypha to traverse plasmodesmata. Septins and F-actin are reorganized into an hourglass shape at the point of maximum hyphal constriction.


execution phase of apoptosis

A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


cellular response to topologically incorrect protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.


tryptophan 2'-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = 3-indoleglycolaldehyde + CO2 + NH3.


regulation of carbon utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of carbon utilization.


L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-aspartate is the anion derived from aspartic acid.


low-affinity ferric iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Fe2+(out) = Fe2+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-secoisolariciresinol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin <=> isovitexin-7-olate + H2O.


T-helper 1 type immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.


negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + OH- = (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate.


pronephric proximal tubule development

The progression of the pronephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of molybdenum into an iron-sulfur cluster.


monodictyphenone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monodictyphenone.


dephospho-CoA kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-dephospho-CoA + ATP = ADP + CoA + 2 H+.


N-terminal peptidyl-glycine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetylglycine.


dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.


peptidyl-proline modification

The modification of peptidyl-proline.


regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


trochlear nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


spermidine:caffeoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a caffeoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate + OH- = 3,5-dichloroaniline + N-carboxyglycine.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


ferricrocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.


2-chloroacrylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-chloropropanoate + NADP <=> 2-chloroacrylate + NADPH + H+.


tRNA N1-guanine methylation

The process whereby a guanine in tRNA is methylated at position N1 of the guanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate + H2O = gamma-aminovinylacetate + HCOOH.


DN2 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN2 thymocyte. A DN2 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25-.


hindbrain tangential cell migration

The migration of a cell in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration.


positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.


dihydropterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydropterin + H2O = 7,8-dihydrolumazine + NH3.


renal system vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the renal system vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


UFM1 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y = Y-UFM1 + X, where both the X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


response to cesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.


positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


cytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H2O = uridine + NH3.


protein localization to motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a motile cilium.


monocyte activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.


regulation of small intestinal transit

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any small intestinal transit process, the migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


ABC-type nitrate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nitrate(out) = ADP + phosphate + nitrate(in).


endoplasmic reticulum disassembly

The disaggregation of an endoplasmic reticulum into its constituent components.


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The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-3 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


L-arabinonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate + H2O.


2-nitropropane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. 2-nitropropane is used principally as a solvent and chemical intermediate. As a solvent, it is used in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, and synthetic materials. It is a feedstock for the manufacture of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.


substrate-bound cell migration, adhesion receptor recycling

The directed movement of accumulated adhesion components such as integrins from the rear of a migrating cell toward the cell front, where they are available to form new protrusions and adhesions.


aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH.


antimonite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored.


protein localization to cell wall

The process of directing proteins towards the cell-wall.


lipoprotein modification

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid or lipid residues occurring in a lipoprotein, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


insulin processing

The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges.


regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxylupanine + 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA = 13-(2-methylcrotonoyloxy)lupanine + CoA.


hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


protein succinylation

The modification of a protein by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to an amino acid residue.


programmed cell death in response to retinoic acid

Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes and occurring as a result of a retinoic acid.


auditory receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


lactam metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


histone H4K20me methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the monomethlyated lysine residue at position 20 of histone H4, producing H4K20me2.


negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


transketolase or transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an aldehyde or ketonic group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


peptidyl-serine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-serine.


CD4 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.


peregrinol diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:peregrinol diphosphate = all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O.


hindbrain-spinal cord boundary formation

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an aralkylamine = CoA + an N-acetylaralkylamine.


negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.


metanephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


chylomicron assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron.


vagus nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to a vascular smooth muscle cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


branching involved in lymph vessel morphogenesis

The process of the coordinated growth and sprouting of lymph vessels giving rise to the organized lymphatic system.


regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


glyoxal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyoxal.


cyanophycin synthetase activity

Catalysis of the ATP-dependent polymerization of arginine and aspartate to multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer).


reproduction

The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.


negative regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


neuron cellular homeostasis

The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state.


regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.


trans-synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft.


positive regulation of backward locomotion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion.


substantia nigra development

The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) <=> 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3-one + NADH(2-) + carbon dioxide.


pinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = pinene + diphosphate.


modulation by virus of host gene expression

The process in which a virus effects a change in gene expression in its host organism. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl phosphate.


sorbose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sorbose from one side of a membrane to the other. Sorbose is the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose; L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


methylglyoxal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.


intron homing

Lateral transfer of an intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state.


glutathione deglycation

The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from glycated glutathione. Glutathione is the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine.


T-helper 2 cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 2 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths, enhanced production of particular antibody isotypes, and pathological conditions such as allergy.


positive regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.


negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.


mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NADP+ = D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


adenyl nucleotide binding

Binding to an adenyl nucleotide, an adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


positive regulation of amine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.


iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.


callose localization

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


response to abiotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus.


trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of gaseous molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


pons maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


positive regulation of juvenile hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.


mammary gland branching involved in thelarche

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


hatching

The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate into two nucleotides.


N-terminal peptidyl-alanine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins.


ceramide glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.


proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.


induction by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


reduced coenzyme F420 dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420 = dihydromethanophenazine + coenzyme F420.


behavior

The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.


mercury ion binding

Binding to a mercury ion (Hg).


negative regulation of endothelial cell migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.


detection of carbon dioxide by vasomotor center

The process by a carbon dioxide stimulus is received and converted to a molecular signal by the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trichlorophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trichloroanisole.


2-iminopropanoate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = NH4(+) + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylethanolamine = cardiolipin + ethanolamine.


synaptic transmission, glycinergic

The vesicular release of glycine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glycine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


cell wall glycoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall glycoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound sugar residues.


carbamate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NH3 + CO2 = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate.


D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NAD+ = D-xylulose + NADH.


regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of oxidized bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.


negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


response to risperidone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a risperidone stimulus.


priming of cellular response to stress

The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


descending aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the descending aorta are generated and organized. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


response to hepatocyte growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


viral translational frameshifting

A process which occurs during viral translation, which involves a translational recoding mechanism called programmed ribosomal frameshifting. This causes the ribosome to alter its reading of the mRNA to an a different open reading frame to produce alternate viral proteins.


regulation of thermomorphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


deoxyadenosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


ephrin receptor activity

Combining with an ephrin receptor ligand to initiate a change in cell activity.


thymine binding

Binding to thymine.


His-Purkinje system cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to His-Purkinje cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into His-Purkinje cells. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


positive regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.


sulfite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + acceptor + 3 H2O = sulfite + reduced acceptor.


galactoglucomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a galactoglucomannan.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.


progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis

The morphogenetic furrow is a dorsoventral indentation which sweeps anteriorly across the eye disc. Ommatidia begin to form along the furrow, resulting in a graded series of ommatidial development across the anterior/posterior axis of the disc.


aspartate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


myofibril assembly

Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.


reorganization of host cellular membranes to establish sites of replication

A process in which a virus triggers host intracellular membranes to be reorganized, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus.


xylonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + H2O.


kojic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kojic acid.


taurine binding

Binding to taurine.


regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


Catalysis of the reaction ATP + molybdopterin = diphosphate + adenylyl-molybdopterin.


pancreas induction

The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the gut to change their fates and specify the development of the pancreas.


oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Enables the transfer of protons from mitochondrial intermembrane space into mitochondrial matrix, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane established by the electron transport chain during the oxidative phosphorylation (proton leak). Proton leak uncouples the processes of electron transport/proton generation and ATP synthesis.


negative regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.


alginic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).


diorcinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diorcinol.


regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cis-N-methyl-(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine.


cellular response to alkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.


erythrocyte enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus during erythrocyte maturation.


NADHX epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADHX = (S)-NADHX.


dolichyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative. In eukaryotes, these function as carriers of mono- and oligosaccharide residues in the glycosylation of lipids and proteins within intracellular membranes.


uredospore formation

The process which specific outcome is the formation of an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, produced in a structure called a uredinium; mostly found in the rust fungus.


lipid X metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid X, 2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 2 H+ + NADH.


ABC-type phosphonate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphonate(in). A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).


positive regulation of icosanoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.


positive regulation of cellular response to drug

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.


isovaleryl-CoA(4-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isovaleryl-CoA(4-).


regulation of trans-synaptic signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling.


negative regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.


acetoacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


hepatic stellate cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hepatic stellate cells, resulting in the expansion of a hepatic stellate cell population. Hepatic stellate cells are found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, and are capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP/AMP + mono/diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in neural tube

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


arbuscular mycorrhizal association

A form of mutualism between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant, where hyphae of the fungus penetrate the plant cell wall and invaginate its cell membrane. Once inside, the fungus forms highly branched structures for nutrient exchange with the plant called arbuscules. Aids in the acquisition by the plant of nutrients such as phosphorus from the soil.


cellular response to misfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


brassinosteroid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of brassinosteroids within an organism or cell.


lung neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the lung epithelium.


response to raffinose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a raffinose stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


regulation of muscle system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system.


negative regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.


phosphate ion binding

Binding to a phosphate ion.


interleukin-6 production

The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


positive regulation of neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


eosinophil homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of eosinophils such that the total number of eosinophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


negative regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells in the mesonephros, resulting in the expansion of the population.


dorsal/ventral axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


structural constituent of bone

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of bone.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an Purkinje myocyte cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


2-oxobutyrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxopimelyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of leukocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.


cellular response to interleukin-3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.


embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.


disruption by symbiont of host cell wall

A process carried out by a symbiont that breaks down the cell wall of its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


histone H2AK127 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-127 residue.


3-ketoglucose-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucose = NADPH + alpha-D-glucose.


lysine-pyruvate 6-transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate = L-alanine + L-allysine.


cellular response to biphenyl

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biphenyl stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin + H+.


negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.


zeaxanthin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeaxanthin.


proepicardium development

The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.


carbohydrate-exporting ABC transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(out).


facial suture morphogenesis

The process in which any suture between facial bones is generated and organized.


regulation of Schwann cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.


regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: <stereo>cis,trans</stereo>-4-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = 2 H+ + maleylacetate + NADH.


tolerance induction

A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it.


response to high fluence blue light stimulus by blue high-fluence system

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a high fluence blue light stimulus by the blue high-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue high-fluence system responds to blue light at levels between 100 and 1000 micromols/m2.


ascending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.


interleukin-24 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-24 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of heat dissipation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat dissipation.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


cellular response to glycoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.


positive regulation of membrane depolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization.


Catalysis of the reaction: triferuloyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


acetaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: an anthocyanin + UDP-D-glucose = an anthocyanin-5-O-glucoside + UDP.


motor neuron precursor migration involved in dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation

The orderly movement of a motor neuron precursor cell that contributes to formation of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve.


polyamine acetylation

The modification of polyamines by addition of acetyl groups.


response to trehalose-6-phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.


positive regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.


regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


peptidyl-aspartic acid 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2.


L-xylitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group.


Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans-poly-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + di-trans-poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate.


response to dimethyl sulfoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus.


male gamete generation

Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.


GPI anchor binding

Binding to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. GPI anchors serve to attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.


memory

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNG sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within a CNG sequence in a DNA molecule. N stands for any nucleotide.


vocalization behavior

The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.


C-5 methylation of cytosine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.


cellular component maintenance

The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.


intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


regulation of sporangium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.


NMDA glutamate receptor activity

An cation channel that opens in response to binding by extracellular glutmate, but only if glycine is also bound and the membrane is depolarized. Voltage gating is indirect, due to ejection of bound magnesium from the pore at permissive voltages.


response to actinomycin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.


cellular response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.


organic hydroxy compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound.


cerebellar granular layer formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


voltage-gated proton channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a proton by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


negative regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + N-formylmethanofuran + H+ = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methanofuran.


rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the backbone structure of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. The back bone contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.


interleukin-8 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-8 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.


promoter-specific chromatin binding

Binding to a section of chromatin that is associated with gene promoter sequences of DNA.


negative regulation of heart growth

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.


BRE binding

Binding to a BRE RNA element (Bruno response element).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: allantoin(out) + H+(out) = allantoin(in) + H+(in) by secondary active transport.


amylin receptor 2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 2 (AMY2), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. The AMY2 signaling pathway can also be initiated by adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor recruiting activity

The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence and recruiting another transcription factor to the DNA in order to modulate transcription. The recruited factor may bind DNA directly, or may be colocalized via protein-protein interactions.


low-affinity IgG receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


galactarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactaric acid anion (galactarate) from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole.


nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


post-translational protein targeting to membrane, docking

The process in which the signal sequence of a translated protein binds to and forms a complex with the Sec complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O.


myosin filament disassembly

The disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


chromatin looping

A chromatin organization process that starts with the loading of an extrusion motor (by an SMC family complex) onto the chromatin, followed by chromatin extrusion that stops at loop anchoring sites on the chromosome.


protein transporter activity

Directly binding to a specific protein and delivering it to a specific cellular location.


hypophosphite dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hypophosphite + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = succinate + phosphite + CO2.


cyanidin 7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) acyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(6-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + beta-D-glucose.


regulation of monocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.


posterior Malpighian tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of posterior tubules arise from a ventrolateral region of the embryonic hindgut and project backwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + 4-methylaminobutyrate.


cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation.


mesonephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the mesonephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros.


actin filament network formation

The assembly of a network of actin filaments; actin filaments on different axes and with differing orientations are crosslinked together to form a mesh of filaments.


4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NADPH] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.


B-1 B cell differentiation

The process in which a hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a B-1 B cell. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


vitamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + UDP-glucuronate = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucuronide + UDP.


peroxynitrite isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peroxynitrite = nitrate.


nitroethane oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitroethane + H2O + O2 = acetaldehyde + nitrite + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + H+ = pyrrole + CO2.


meiotic G2 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by meiosis.


protein-RNA complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components.


cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline.


cell wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells.


asymmetric protein localization to new mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the new mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


mast cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.


pyridoxine binding

Binding to pyridoxine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.


positive regulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> kaempferol-3-gentiobioside + UDP.


beta-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucoside.


endoplasmic reticulum-endosome tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an endosome and an ER membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with an endosome protein, to establish and facilitate organelle exchange.


positive regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.


negative regulation of central tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


vanillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods and can be obtained as a by-product of the pulp and paper industry by the oxidative breakdown of lignin.


Catalysis of the reaction: vinylacetyl-CoA = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA.


regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


negative regulation of cumulus cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.


peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin, and L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the S enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding

Binding to a carbohydrate in the presence of calcium.


cellular response to acetaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.


sideretin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sideretin.


peptidoglycan-based cell wall organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2-ol + H+ + NADH + O2 = biphenyl-2,3-diol + H2O + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H+ + nicotinate.


forebrain regionalization

The regionalization process resulting in the creation of areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the forebrain develops.


positive regulation of ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway.


histone pre-mRNA DCP binding

Binding to the downstream cleavage product (DCP) generated by histone pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.


CCL2-activated CCR2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Golgi lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the Golgi lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


melanization of appressorium wall

The process in which melanin is produced in the appressorium of the symbiont. Melanization of the appressorium increases turgor pressure in the appressorium.


The glucuronylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative D-glucuronyl-N-glycine.


gerfelin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gerfelin.


cupric reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Cu+ + NAD+ + H+ = Cu2+ + NADH.


protein polyamination

The modification of a protein amino acid by polyamination.


enniatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.


protein alkylation

The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.


response to immobilization stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


response to dexamethasone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.


tricetin O-methytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3'-O-methyltricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of cell development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


telomeric D-loop disassembly

A telomere loop disassembly process that results in the disassembly of telomeric D-loops. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol.


peptidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-tRNA(1) + aminoacyl-tRNA(2) = tRNA(1) + peptidylaminoacyl-tRNA(2). This reaction is catalyzed by a ribozyme.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a ligand-gated ion channel on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a ligand-gated ion channel and ends with a molecular function that directly regulates a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


phenylacetate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phenylacetate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phenylacetyl-CoA.


protein K29-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K29-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


positive regulation of cell migration in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = a (2E)-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.


olfactory sociosexual communication

The use of external chemical cues called pheromones to send social and sexual information between members of the same species, leading to specific behavioral responses. Pheromones may be detected by two olfactory sensory circuits, the main olfactory pathway and the vomeronasal system.


guanyl deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a guanyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


pheromone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


endocardial cushion cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endocardial cushion cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


positive regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


glucuronoxylan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoxylan.


catechol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-dopa + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 L-dopaquinone. This reaction catalyzes exclusively the oxidation of catechols (i.e., o-diphenols) to the corresponding o-quinones.


(R)-2-haloacid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.


lysine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H+ = cadaverine + CO2.


glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NAD+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADH.


cardiac muscle contraction

Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.


regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


meiotic metaphase II

The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II.


cementum mineralization

The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum.


response to follicle-stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


protein maturation by [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer

The transfer of an assembled [2Fe-2S] cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


phloretin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phloretin = H+ + phloretate + phloroglucinol.


protein deacylation

The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a protein amino acid.


L-arabinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. L-arabinose occurs free, e.g. in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc.


regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.


regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.


negative regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


monocyte migration into blood stream

The movement of a monocyte from the bone marrow to the blood stream.


cell-substrate adhesion

The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


cell differentiation involved in metanephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanal oxime + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylpropanal O-methyloxime + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyvalerate + NAD+ = 5-oxovalerate + NADH.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to a galactoside acceptor molecule, usually an N-glycan, to form an alpha(1,6)-fucosylated galactoside.


negative regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


mesonephric duct formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric duct. A mesonephric duct is a tube that drains the mesonephros.


dTDP-galactose 6-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-galactose + 2 NADP+ + H2O = dTDP-D-galacturonate + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.


mitotic G2 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis.


appressorium maturation

The process in which specialized features of the symbiont appressorium are acquired post initiation, to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose + 2-oxoglutarate = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + L-glutamate.


lipid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.


glutamin-(asparagin-)ase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + L-glutamate; and H2O + L-asparagine = NH3 + L-aspartate.


biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein, a subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.


Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + sugar(out) = protein cysteine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.


N-terminal protein palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.


regulation of cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.


S-adenosylmethionine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


negative regulation of leucine import in response to ammonium ion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


cytoplasmic alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase involved in cytoplasmic translation.


pinocembrin 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocembrin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone + NADP + H2O.


response to auditory stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.


retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized.


regulation of RNA import into nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


enterobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair

The removal of covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein.


(S)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate + reduced acceptor.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurotransmitter

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


bacteriocin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of a membrane to the other.


cell motility

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.


detection of carbohydrate stimulus

The series of events in which a carbohydrate stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


excinuclease ABC activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid at sites flanking regions of damaged DNA to which the Uvr ABC excinuclease complexes bind.


convergent extension involved in gastrulation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.


deoxyguanosine salvage

Any process that generates deoxyguanosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


L-amino-acid alpha-ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an L-amino acid + an L-amino acid = ADP + phosphate + L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid.


monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a monosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + succinate semialdehyde.


histamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + H2O + O2 = imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


cellular response to hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.


female pronucleus assembly

Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg.


structural constituent of pupal chitin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a pupa. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.


positive regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

Any process that increases the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


plasmatocyte differentiation

The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. Plasmatocytes are a class of arthropod hemocytes important in the cellular defense response.


negative regulation of receptor recycling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recycling.


stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + H+.


oenocyte delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which an oenocyte splits off of an existing epithelial sheet.


regulation of transepithelial transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial transport.


phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD+ + phenylglyoxylate = benzoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


establishment of planar polarity involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.


glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutaminase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with conversion of glutamine into glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminase (EC:3.5.1.2).


neural plate pattern specification

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


methionine catabolic process via 2-oxobutanoate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine, via the intermediate 2-oxobutanoate.


acyl-lysine deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acyl-L-lysine = L-lysine + a carboxylate.


positive regulation of epithelial tube formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endothelial cell.


extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate.


prepupal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prepupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation.