stomach pylorus smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the most distal part of the stomach.


histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-119 residue.


response to fluid shear stress

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.


trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by carbon monoxide.


isopentenyl phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl phosphate(2-) + ATP(4-) <=> isopentenyl diphosphate(3-) + ADP(3-).


XMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


progression of neural tube closure

The process in which the neural folds are fused extending from the initial closure points.


amylin receptor activity

Combining with amylin to initiate a change in cell activity.


dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.


terminal region determination

Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products.


regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


collenchyma cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a collenchyma cell. This is a plant cell in which the primary cell walls are unevenly thickened, with most thickening occurring at the cell corners. Cells are living and able to grow, they are elongated, and lignin and secondary walls absent. Collenchyma cells make up collenchyma tissue which acts as a supporting tissue in growing shoots, leaves and petioles. This tissue is often arranged in cortical ribs, as seen prominently in celery and rhubarb petioles.


interleukin-7 production

The appearance of interleukin-7 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


regulation of bundle of His cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell of the bundle of His. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


deoxycytidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


regulation of blood vessel branching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an N-hydroxyarylamine = CoA + an N-acetoxyarylamine.


electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors.


ribitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 <=> 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.


lysine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = D-lysine.


apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

The actin-mediated process that results in contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin 30-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 2 H+ <=> glycyrrhetinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium

The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.


snoRNA localization

Any process in which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


5-dehydro-2-deoxygluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = ADP + 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.


apoptotic mitochondrial changes

The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, using agmatinase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in a single enzymatic step.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-D-galactofuranose.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast.


neural crest cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


positive regulation of austinol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.


glutamate synthase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADH.


receptor signaling pathway via STAT

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An intracellular signal transduction process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The STAT cascade begins with receptor activation followed by activation of STAT proteins by kinases. It proceeds through STA dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including L-glutamate.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to a cardioblast being committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate.


organelle membrane fusion

The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane.


malate dehydrogenase (menaquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a menaquinone = oxaloacetate + a menaquinol.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


thioacetamide S-oxide S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide S-oxide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S,S-dioxide + H2O.


R2/R5 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.


apiose 1-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-apiitol + NAD+ = D-apiose + H+ + NADH.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


metal chelating activity

The formation of bonds from two or more atoms within the same ligand to a metal atom in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin

The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


regulation of mesoderm development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


phosphatidylserine transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylserine from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


peptide histaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-histaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein].


positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


beta-ketoadipate pathway

A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.


phosphatidylserine floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


tyrocidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrocidine.


thromboxane receptor activity

Combining with a thromboxane (TXA) to initiate a change in cell activity.


histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate.


negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.


neutral lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.


pyridoxine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxine from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


channel-forming ionophore activity

Enables transport of a solute across a membrane. This kind of transporter interacts much more weakly with the solute than the carrier does. It is an aqueous pore that extends across the membrane. It may change from closed to open and back. It transports faster than a carrier. It is always passive.


response to silicon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.


indole-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-hydroxyacetophenone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


pineal gland development

The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.


gastrulation with mouth forming second

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.


galactitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ombuin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation.


(S)-canadine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-canadine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: A [sulfatase]-L-cysteine + O2 + 2 a thiol = a [sulfatase]-3-oxo-L-alanine + hydrogen sulfide + a disulfide + H2O.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.


positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


actinorhodin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of actinorhodin.


toxin sequestering activity

Binding to a toxin to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


malate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of malate from one side of a membrane to the other. Malate is a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H+.


regulation of cleistothecium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


CAAX-box protein modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins.


genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium).


epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


bone maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.


skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during muscle regeneration. There are at least three mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. Some adult skeletal muscle myoblasts (descendants of activated satellite cells) can develop back into quiescent satellite cells, replenishing the overall pool of satellite cells.


tensidol B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol B.


regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by a trans-synaptic complex.


anterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which a mRNA is transported to, and maintained in the anterior portion of the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


lobar bronchus epithelium development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus epithelium is the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.


aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen.


lignostilbene alpha beta-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O2 = 2 vanillin.


digestive system process

A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c(L)) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome cL] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome cL] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.


regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.


regulation of methanofuran metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.


1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase (1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


nose morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


hydroxymate-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including hydroxamic acid. Hydroxamate is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with catechol and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).


positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.


1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol palmitoyl-lipid 7-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


anthocyanidin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin + 2 NAD(P)H + H+.


dTTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.


cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


sesquiterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced electron acceptor.


penicillin amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: penicillin + H2O = a carboxylate + 6-aminopenicillanate.


snoRNP binding

Binding to a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle.


positive regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


positive regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.


chrysobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation, the process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


mesonephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the mesonephros.


skeletal muscle fiber adaptation

Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the viral entry into the host cell.


negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency of heart contraction of another organism.


establishment of tissue polarity

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid

The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.


positive regulation of lymphocyte anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.


perturbation of host cell-mediated immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects cell-based immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


methanopterin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanopterin.


formate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + coenzyme F420 = CO2 + reduced coenzyme F420.


1-18:1-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol omega-6 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.


regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.


negative regulation of fear response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, heme protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a heme protein.


formation of stylet for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mandelamide amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mandelamide + H2O = (R)-mandelate + NH4.


immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.


shamixanthone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving shamixanthone.


muscle cell proliferation

The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division.


alpha-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


perturbation of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis.


high-affinity copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper ions (Cu2+) from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


ventriculo bulbo valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


dorsal spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.


melanosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA = H2O + glutaconyl-CoA.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + orotate.


disruption by symbiont of host cellular component

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pyridoxal transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxal from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


glycosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a glycosome, a membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.


4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


neutrophil mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT activity

Any process in which a virus interferes with a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription). STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


RNA NAD-cap (NMN-forming) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end NAD+-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-adenosine-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + 2 H+.


trichloroethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


anal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


negative regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


interleukin-9 production

The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


thalianol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thalianol = a thalian-diol. This reaction is the addition of a hydroxyl group to thalianol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta-ol) to create a thalian-diol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta,X-diol), where the hydroxyl group may be attached at one of several different available carbons in ring B or C of thalianol, indicated by the X.


protein destabilization

Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.


regulation of peptide hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.


pseurotin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pseurotin A.


endothelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch

The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


cell adhesion involved in retrograde extension

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


pyridoxal 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxolactone + H+ + NADH.


urea channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of urea (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


progesterone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by progesterone binding to its receptor in the cytoplasm.


response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


regulation of protein refolding

Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoate + H2O = acetate + 4-aminobutanoate.


neural crest cell differentiation involved in thymus development

Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in thymus development.


tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.


pyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO2.


regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


microvillus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.


maintenance of dormancy

The dormancy process that results in an organism remaining in dormancy. Dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.


chromoplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chromoplast. A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.


chorionic trophoblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chorionic trophoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


male sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation.


modulation by symbiont of host heat acclimation

Any process in which an organism modulates the host's tolerance to high temperatures, above the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + CTP = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + CDP.


deoxyinosine salvage

Any process that generates deoxyinosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


valine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> (E)-2-methylpropanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


diacylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


glial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others.


negative regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


nascent polypeptide-associated complex binding

Binding to nascent polypeptide-associated complex, a heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.


positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

The process in which a chemical substance increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


positive regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


regulation of biological process involved in symbiotic interaction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.


imaginal disc pattern formation

The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


actin ubiquitination

The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups.


thelarche

The beginning of development of the breasts in the female.


brain renin-angiotensin system

The process in which an angiotensin-mediated signaling system present in the brain regulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


9,10 (9', 10')-carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids at the (9, 10) and/or (9', 10') double bond.


myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


pollen intine formation

Formation of pollen intine, the inner layer of the pollen wall. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.


negative regulation of viral life cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


negative regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + ATP = AMP + deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + diphosphate + 2 H+.


myotube cell development involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. This occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


hindgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindgut is part of the alimentary canal that lies posterior to the midgut.


granulosa cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of granulosa cells, resulting in the expansion of the granulosa cells population. A granulosa cell is a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. They develop from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + NADP+ + H2O.


negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.


calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


response to 5-fluorouracil

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.


negative regulation of cartilage development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


appendage segmentation

Division of an appendage, an organ or part that is attached to the main body of an organism, into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages, such as the legs and antennae, are visibly segmented.


polyol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a polyol from one side of a membrane to the other. A polyol is any polyhydric alcohol.


peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in regulation of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


N-acetylgalactosamine binding

Binding to N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.


kynurenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine.


protein decanoylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with decanoic acid.


negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


guanosine pentaphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.


cellular response to azide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


octanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.


phospholipid binding

Binding to a phospholipid, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


mannogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania.


ammonium ion metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion.


neuropilin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Purkinje myocyte action potential

An action potential that occurs in a Purkinje myocyte.


Binding to an oligosaccharyltransferase complex.


iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor.


glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


bidentate ribonuclease III activity

Catalysis of the digestion of double-stranded RNAs into 20 to 30-nucleotide products. These products typically associate to the RNA-induced silencing complex and serve as guide RNAs for posttranslational RNA interference.


lipid III floppase activity

Enables the transbilayer of capsular-polysaccharides (Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (lipid III)) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane during the assembly of ECA. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


D-xylulose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + xylitol = D-xylulose + H+ + NADH.


head morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


protein methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group (CH3-) to a protein.


orthodenticle mRNA localization

Any process in which orthodenticle mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo as part of the process that will specify the anterior/posterior axis.


tricyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


candicidin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving candicidin.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine-4-nitroanilide + H2O = 4-nitroaniline + N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine + H+.


citrate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + CoA = (3S)-citryl-CoA + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system

Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions.


mesonephric podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


mucilage extrusion from seed coat

The process in which seed mucilage expands through hydration and breaks the outer cell wall that encapsulates the whole seed upon imbibition. Mucilage, mainly composed of pectins, is formed during seed development and deposited into the apoplast underneath the outer wall of the seed coat.


arsenite methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + arsenite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methylarsonate.


negative regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


N-cyclopropylmelamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insect growth regulator insecticide.


pole plasm protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


tricellular tight junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tricellular tight junction.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a cis-keto-C60-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a cis-keto-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


cell-cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions

The attachment of cells to one another to form groups of cells involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration.


vesicle localization

Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


negative regulation of growth factor dependent skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.


regulation of kidney size

Any process that modulates the size of a kidney.


response to psychosocial stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to aversive or demanding psychological and social conditions that tax or exceed the behavioral resources of the organism.


diphthine-ammonia ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphthine + NH4 = ADP + diphthamide + H+ + phosphate.


positive regulation of amoeboid sperm motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = L-xylulose 5-phosphate.


determination of bilateral symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.


regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.


Catalysis of the dimethylation of two adjacent adenine residues in a rRNA, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus.


mesonephric glomerulus development

The progression of the mesonephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros.


carboxymethylhydantoinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-5-carboxymethylhydantoin + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+.


assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the large subunit precursor of the preribosome.


negative regulation of cell communication

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


enucleate erythrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


eye blink reflex

The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.


glycerol ether biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


starch utilization system complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the starch utilization system complex, a complex of cell envelope-associated proteins that degrades glycan.


sodium ion binding

Binding to a sodium ion (Na+).


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-acylphosphoadenosine + H2O = AMP + a carboxylate.


hydrotropism

Growth or movement in a sessile organism toward or away from water, as of the roots of a plant.


negative regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase III promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase III.


defasciculation of motor neuron axon

Separation of a motor axon away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA + 4 H+ = 7-methyl-3-oxooct-6-enoyl-CoA + acetate.


4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-cresol + acceptor + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + reduced acceptor.


eosinophil activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


pigment accumulation in tissues in response to UV light

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


positive regulation of mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (sinapoyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanin betaine + trans-sinapate + H+.


long-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.


PKR-mediated signaling

A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via PKR (also known as EIF2AK2), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals or upon binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), followed by autophosphorylation. PKR plays a role in the antiviral response, phosphorylating proteins such as the translation initiation factor eIF2 to inhibit protein synthesis during viral infection. Begins with activation of PKR activity, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or inhibition of translation.


positive regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


charged-tRNA amino acid modification

The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.


negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


positive regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


contact guidance

Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.


regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


negative regulation of glomerular filtration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


double fertilization forming two zygotes

Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates. An example of this process is found in the Gnetophytes, such as Welwitschia mirabilis.


photoreceptor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


GABAergic neuron differentiation in basal ganglia

The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic inhibitory neuron in the basal ganglia. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a GABAergic neuron.


curcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA(4-) + H2O <=> curcumin + 2 coenzyme A(4-) + carbon dioxide.


regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.


interneuron-substratum interaction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The process in which migrating interneurons interact with an external substratum as a component of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


neuroblast division in subpallium

The division of neuroblasts in the subpallium area of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include GABAergic interneurons and will migrate tangentially.


positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


proximal/distal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


cellular response to ketone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus.


regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.


maintenance of protein localization in organelle

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.


(R)-citramalyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA.


angelicin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: columbianetin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> angelicin + acetone + NADP + 2 H2O.


regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


labial disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the labial disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a labial imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including parts of the proboscis.


threonine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-homoserine + H2O = L-threonine + phosphate.


positive regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


high-affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


petal epidermis patterning

The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the cells in the petal epidermis.


bacillithiol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.


metanephric long descending thin limb bend development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros.


regulation of galactotriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.


6-carboxyhexanoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + pimelate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + pimelyl-CoA.


apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


high-density lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.


longitudinal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.


notochord cell vacuolation

The assembly and arrangement of a vacuole within a cell of the notochord.


isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


regulation of fucose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.


positive regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment.


glycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerol = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


beta-curcumene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> diphosphoric acid + (-)-beta-curcumene.


negative regulation of protein import into nucleus during spindle assembly checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves inhibition of the karyopherin/importin Kap121p (also known as Pse1p), which acts as the specific nuclear import receptor for several proteins, including Glc7p. Glc7p functions in opposition to key spindle assembly checkpoint protein Aurora kinase (Ipl1p).


prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


suppression of platelet aggregation in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in a second organism.


regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation.


flavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


ubiquitin recycling

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell by recycling ubiquitin from proteasome-bound ubiquitinated intermediates.


glucosaminate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosaminate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NH3.


pentose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


outer ear unfolding

The opening and spreading out of the outer ear.


suppression by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


coronary sinus valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


regulation of response to biotic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


negative regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.


response to water

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADH.


regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


peptidyl-lysine butyrylation

The butyrylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Butyryl is the univalent radical C3H7COO- derived from butyric acid.


insecticide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.


polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + ferricytochrome c = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + ferrocytochrome c + H+.


regulation of timing of anagen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


protein hydroxylation

The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.


protein localization to mitochondrion

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.


regulation of tocopherol cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tocopherol cyclase activity.


histidine catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


regulation of chromosome segregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


fruit ripening, non-climacteric

A fruit ripening process that does not involve a respiratory burst.


regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


citronellal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellal + NAD+ + OH- = citronellate + NADH + H+.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


positive regulation of developmental process

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


positive regulation of inosine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


depsipeptide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.


cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


modulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


protein localization to Mei2 nuclear dot

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Mei2 nuclear dot.


pollen maturation

The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.


modification of dendritic spine

Any process that modifies the structure of a dendritic spine.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + n-hexane = (1-methylpentyl)succinate.


anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


murein hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a peptidoglycan dimer (generic) = a lipid II + GlcNAc-1,6-anhydro-MurNAc-pentapeptide.


tauropine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + tauropine = H+ + NADH + pyruvate + taurine.


cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


blood vessel endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a blood vessel endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a blood vessel endothelial cell.


regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.


astrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


maintenance of reproductive diapause

The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


positive regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


dimethylmalate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.


post-embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.


isopentenyladenine UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N(6)-dimethylallyladenine = H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-N(6)-isopentenyladenine + UDP.


ADP binding

Binding to ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and flavin acts as an electron acceptor.


ACA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACA codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-resveratrol <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + pterostilbene + 2 H+.


negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.


2-methylcitrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.


endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene <=> 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


juvenile hormone mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a juvenile hormone binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


chondroitin AC lyase activity

Catalysis of the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups.


regulation of cell size

Any process that modulates the size of a cell.


calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source

The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.


12-oxophytodienoate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl}cyclopentyl]octanoate + NADP+ = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate + H+ + NADPH.


mandelonitrile lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mandelonitrile = cyanide + benzaldehyde.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial baroreceptor feedback

A process that controls blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the atria.


lung ciliated cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains cilia for moving substances released from lung secretory cells.


cyclo-ligase activity

Catalysis of the joining of two groups within a single molecule via a carbon-nitrogen bond, forming heterocyclic ring, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


prostate induction

The close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + DCPIP+ = DCPIPH + H+ + (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene.


negative regulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


pupariation

The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon + H2O = 2-oxobut-3-enanoate + 2,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methylpyridine.


nuclear membrane biogenesis

The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.


emodin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emodin.


mitochondrial single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type mitochondrial RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


dihydrobunolol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrobunolol + NADP+ = bunolol + H+ + NADPH.


antipodal cell degeneration

The process in which the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death.


tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.


determination of radial symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or a part of an organism such that it is symmetric around a central axis.


metencephalon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized.


positive regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


chloroplast RNA modification

Any RNA modification that takes place in chloroplast.


positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3-D-glucuronosyl-N2-,6-disulfo-beta-D-glucosamine = glucuronate + N2,6-disulfo-D-glucosamine.


2-indanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-isochromanone.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth

Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair.


eoxin C4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin A4 + glutathione = eoxin C4.


N-acetylglucosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of response to water deprivation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation.


histone H3K14 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 3 at the lysine-14 residue.


signal transduction involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

The series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + carbamic acid.


embryonic nail plate morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits.


regulation of turning behavior involved in mating

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


ovarian follicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proepicardium cell migration involved in pericardium morphogenesis

The coordinated movement of a mesenchymal proepicardial cell to the surface of the developing heart.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in fungal-type cell wall disassembly

The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the fungal-type cell wall.


nitrobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.


error-free translesion synthesis

The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level.


cellular response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


regulation of anoikis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential

Any action potential process that regulates skeletal muscle contraction.


cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis

A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N).


ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + oxygen = 2 H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al.


1,3-alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in glycoproteins.


negative regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


vacuole-ER tethering

The attachment of a lytic vacuole to the endoplasmic reticulum, which may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


interleukin-29 production

The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


mesonephric mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


response to erythromycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.


regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.


5-aminolevulinic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-aminolevulinic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


undecaprenyl-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol + UMP.


positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


formation of tubovesicular network for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a symbiont-induced complex organelle that comprises of multiple protein and lipid domains for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ovarian follicle atresia

A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter.


structural constituent of cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.


histamine production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


vacuole fusion

Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole.


cellular response to high light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


2-oxoglutaramate amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaramate + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.


poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin + UDP-D-galactose = cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside betaine + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-ACP + L-tryptophan + ATP <=> cyclo-acetoacetyl-L-tryptophan + AMP + diphosphoric acid + 2 H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


cellular response to light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


tobramycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tobramycin.


regulation of thalamus size

Any process that modulates the size of the thalamus. The thalamus is a part of the diencephalon that is composed of the dorsal thalamus and the ventral thalamus.


embryonic heart tube formation

The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.