lateral mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

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Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.


D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity

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Catalysis of the reaction: a D-threo-aldose + NAD+ = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + NADH.


positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.


regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


succinyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of succinyl-CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.


cerebellar granule cell precursor tangential migration

The early migration of granule cell precursors in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately cover the superficial zone of the cerebellar primordium.


femoral head articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of femoral head articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-glucose + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->6) linkage.


transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding

Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein.


response to boron-containing substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.


tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(n+1) + phosphate = tRNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.


maternal behavior

Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.


visceral motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


pyridoxine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


mitochondrial transcription factor activity

Interacting with the mitochondrial promoter DNA to modulate transcription by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


crotonyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Acetyl-CoA + [protein]-L-lysine = CoA + [protein]-N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


arachidonic acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylpropionitrile + O2 + NADPH <=> 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile + NADP + H2O.


regulation of plasma membrane sterol distribution

Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of sterols in the plasma membrane.


DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication

Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA.


3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + HBr.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formiminopyruvate + formate.


pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


central nervous system interneuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells from a neuron located in the central nervous system whose axons remain within a single brain region.


monoatomic anion:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic anion(out) + Na+(out) = monoatomic anion(in) + Na+(in).


cellular response to growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


negative regulation of cellular extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.


Golgi vesicle budding

The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development

A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will mature into a cardiac fibroblast.


all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


negative regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.


intracellular phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate-sensitive monatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of cations by a channel that opens when phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.


DNA-templated transcriptional start site selection

Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of cardiac conduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chlorobenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + chloride + NAD+ + CO2.


DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly

The formation of nucleosomes on newly synthesized DNA, coupled to strand elongation.


floral whorl formation

The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized.


inositol trisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving myo-inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.


regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


protein localization to cortical endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cortical endoplasmic reticulum.


glycine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NH3 + NADH.


positive regulation of metula development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


ITPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IDP + H+ + phosphate.


renal phosphate ion absorption

A renal system process in which phosphate ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-alanyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Ala).


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.


galactomannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


mesenchymal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.


histone deubiquitinase activity

A deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone protein to which it is conjugated.


regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


emericellin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellin.


atrichoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.


The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes. The process often starts with binding of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on the surface of erythrocytes to a complement coated immune complex. The complex bound to erythrocyte CR1 is then transported to the liver or spleen where it is presented to phagocytes. The process ends when the complex is removed from CR1, allowing the erythrocyte to return to general circulation.


3-chlorobenzoate-3,4-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-3,4-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


high-affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


anther wall tapetum cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


methanophenazine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanophenazine.


glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate

The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via canonical glycolysis, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


archaeal or bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to movement of bacterial- or archaeal-type flagella.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + queuosine34 in tRNA(Asp) = GDP + H+ + O-4''-alpha-D-mannosylqueuosine34 in tRNA(Asp).


hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


homophytochelatin synthase activity (polymer-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine = glycine + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine.


ABC-type bile acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate.


cellular response to nitrogen dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.


leaf formation

The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH4 + oxaloacetate.


histone kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone.


chlorite O2-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chloride + O2 = chlorite.


formylaspartate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-aspartate + H2O = formate + L-aspartate.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


positive regulation of actin filament-based movement

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.


response to sorbitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.


regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


cellular response to leucine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


cell communication involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-tyrosyl-[protein].


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening

Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA.


maintenance of viral latency

The perpetuation of a latent state, generally by repressing the viruses own lytic genes expression and ensuring expression of viral genes which function to keep the viral genome from being detected by the host defense mechanisms.


RNA capping

The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of nascent RNA polymerase transcripts. Examples of RNA capping include 7-methyl-G caps found on all RNA polymerase II transcripts and nucleotide-containing cofactor caps, such as NAD(H) or FAD, found on bacterial trancripts.


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


PML body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).


cellular modified histidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


Golgi disassembly

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a Golgi apparatus that contributes to Golgi inheritance.


oogonium stage

The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.


peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + light.


negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


UFM1 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y = Y-UFM1 + X, where both X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 are covalent linkages.


benzonitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin.


beta-zeacarotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-zeacarotene.


P-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(out).


phenylethylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system.


regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


positive regulation of sterol import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.


regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


anterior midgut invagination

Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo.


response to Gram-positive bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-positive bacterium.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA.


origin recognition complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an origin recognition complex.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


endothelial cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell.


pronephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric nephron are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


tRNA adenosine deamination to inosine

The removal of an amine group from an adenosine to produce inosine within a tRNA molecule.


regulation of leaf development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl (3-carboxypropanoyl) group to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


negative regulation of heart contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.


tyramine N-feruloyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine.


succinyl-CoA pathway

The chemical reactions that utilize succinyl-CoA in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX.


negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with thyrotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ground meristem histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.


coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


lagging strand initiation

The process in which the synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction is started.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-aspartate = L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate.


actin filament-based movement

Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.


xylem development

The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.


purine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a purine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


regulation of aorta morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + D-glutamate.


organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


lysophosphatidic acid receptor activity

Combining with the phospholipid derivative lysophosphatidic acid, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


amidinoaspartase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-amidino-L-aspartate + H2O = L-aspartate + urea.


gamma-delta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.


cardiac conduction

Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles.


pheromone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


glyoxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD(P)+ = glyoxylate + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


thiosulfate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 ferricytochrome c = tetrathionate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


cellular response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.


transmitter-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


glutathione-dependent sulfide quinone oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + glutathione + H(+) + hydrogen sulfide <=> a quinol + S-sulfanylglutathione.


negative regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


ventral cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms.


Catalysis of the reaction: dichloroacetate + H2O = 2 HCl + glyoxylate.


complement component C1q receptor activity

Combining with the C1q complex, a component of the classical complement cascade, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


coronary sinus valve development

The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to nerve growth factor

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


positive regulation of signaling

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


central nervous system structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, internal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of internal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has an internal C=S bond, instead of an internal C=O bond, in the peptide.


establishment of left sidedness

The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism that established the pattern characteristic to its left side.


insect visual primordium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


atrial septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound.


positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


prenylated protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.


efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and oxygen acts as an electron acceptor.


histone H4S1 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H4-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H4.


9,10-epoxystearate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 9,10-epoxystearate + O2 + NADPH <=> 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + H2O + NADP.


behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus.


morphine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucuronide(out) + monovalent cation(out) = glucuronide(in) + monovalent cation(in).


farnesol 2-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesol.


respiratory chain complex IV assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = (2E)-butenoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.


embryonic root morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized.


trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) crossing the synaptic cleft.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-sulfopropanediol(1-) + NAD <=> 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-propane-1-sulfonate + NADH + H+.


phagosome acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


maintenance of RNA location

Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


telomeric DNA-containing double minutes formation

A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of small fragments of circular extrachromosomal DNA elements which contain telomeric DNA. It is speculated that telomeric DNA-containing double minutes are formed through a recombination event between the telomere and chromosome-internal TTAGGG-like sequences. Telomeric DNA-containing double minutes appear as two closely positioned dots in metaphase.


novofumigatonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety.


positive regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.


serine family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


galactose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose (out) = galactose(in).


acetyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.


signaling receptor ligand precursor processing

The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a signaling receptor ligand, resulting in the mature (active) form of the ligand.


isochorismate pyruvate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isochorismate = salicylate + pyruvate.


ovarian fusome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the epithelial cells to the mesenchymal cells of the salivary gland.


proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.


glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


plasma membrane fusion

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell.


regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


Ac-Asp-Glu binding

Binding to Ac-Asp-Glu.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm.


chemorepulsion of serotonergic neuron axon

The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


swimming

Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through water, often by means of active fin movement.


trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid.


locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.


metanephric renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the metanephros.


myeloid cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a myeloid cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.


ventral tegmental area development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventral tegmental area (VTA) over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


fructose binding

Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-hex-2-ulose.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events.


lactoferrin receptor activity

Combining with lactoferrin and delivering lactoferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which binds ferric iron most efficiently at low pH.


negative regulation of sterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.


root epidermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.


positive regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.


azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid + acetyl-CoA = CoA-SH + N-acetyl azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of trichome morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome morphogenesis.


negative regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a compound eye cone cell.


ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-isokaurene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-2alpha-hydroxyisokaurene + H2O + NADP+.


cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in trans-synaptic signaling

Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.


biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms

Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species.


negative regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


intracellular calcium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of calcium ions within a cell.


homogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


notochord formation

The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.


response to temozolomide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temozolomide stimulus.


C-C chemokine receptor CCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


maintenance of protein location in nucleus

Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus.


symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy

A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances the activation of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


TTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.


cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


positive regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


ruffle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.


protein localization to spindle microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a spindle microtubule.


GGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGA codon.


glutarate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + glutarate = ADP + glutaryl-CoA + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropyldeethylatrazine + H2O = 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + NH3.


cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain, proceeding through regions of multiple repeated proline codons, during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


regulation of eosinophil migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


nicotinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ + nicotinate = 6-hydroxynicotinate + H+ + NADPH.


microvillar actin bundle assembly

Assembly of the parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.


negative regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


blood coagulation, common pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of events leading from the formation of activated factor X to the formation of active thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, and the formation of cleaved fibrin into a stable multimeric, cross-linked complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: a lipopolysaccharide + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = a heptosylated lipopolysaccharide + ADP + H+.


bundle of His cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a bundle of His cell.


heart rudiment development

The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.


trinitrophenol hydride denitratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex = 2,4-dinitrophenol + nitrite. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP.


peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine.


C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 7 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


tyrocidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrocidine.


regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


3-sulfino-L-alanine binding

Binding to 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteine sulfinate).


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.


positive regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.


amide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-D-glucose = D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.


paramesonephric duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paramesonephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mullerian ducts (or paramesonephric ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin.


regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.


positive regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glucuronoxylan D-glucuronate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronate.


N-malonylurea hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate + H2O = H+ + malonate + urea.


response to desiccation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.


disruption of extracellular matrix of another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix of another organism.


sphingomyelin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.


complement component C3dg receptor activity

Combining with the C3dg product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


type III hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting from recognition of immune complexes via complement or Fc receptors on effector cells leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes and damage to bystander tissue.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cytosine(out) + H+(out) = cytosine(in) + H+(in).


chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon

The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


negative regulation of cell development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


L-pipecolate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + O2 = 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate + H2O2 + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


cellular response to haloperidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.


determination of stomach left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the stomach with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


beta-carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-carotene.


sulfate adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group from an adenosine nucleotide (ATP or ADP) to sulfate, forming adenylylsulfate.


positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


dimethyl selenide methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dimethyl selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylselenonium.


adult fat body development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Larval fat body cells that remain at eclosion degenerate in the first 2 to 4 days of adult life, leaving behind the smaller cells of the adult fat body.


response to chromate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.


delta7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a delta(7)-sterol + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a delta(5,7)-sterol + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


'de novo' protein folding

The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.


hyoscyamine (6S)-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-hyoscyamine + O2 = (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + CO2 + succinate.


negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


ocellus photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a photoreceptor cell found in the ocellus.


protein methylthiotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a [ribosomal protein S12] L-aspartate89 + a sulfurated [sulfur carrier] + a reduced electron acceptor = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 H+ + a [ribosomal protein S12] 3-methylthio-L-aspartate89 + an unsulfurated [sulfur carrier] + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


neurofilament bundle assembly

The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules.


egg deposition

The multicellular organismal reproductive process that results in the movement of an egg from within an organism into the external environment.


respiratory tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract.


response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


positive regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


growth hormone receptor activity

Combining with a growth hormone and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


telomere assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end. A telomere is a terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.


effector-mediated suppression of host defense response

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the supression of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered.


modulation of relaxation of muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of muscle in a second organism.


N-terminal peptidyl-glycine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylglycine.


protein K33-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K33-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


7-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + a 7-beta-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + a 7-oxosteroid.


regulation of sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp development. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


maintenance of left sidedness

The organization process that preserves the left sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


vesicle budding from membrane

The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.


intracellular receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a receptor located within a cell.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cysteine transaminase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine transaminase.


gellan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gellan = n beta-D-4-deoxy-delta4,5-GlcAp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-beta-D-Glcp. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate bonds of gellan backbone, releasing tetrasaccharides containing a 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-glucopyranosyluronic acid at the non-reducing end; in the product, the abbreviations are D-glucose (Glc), D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and L-rhamnose (Rha).


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1) + fructose.


mineralocorticoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


molting cycle

The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-nitrodimethylamine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = N-nitromethylamine + formaldehyde + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alditol + NADP+ = an aldose + NADPH + H+.


calcitriol binding

Binding to calcitriol. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D3.


D3 vitamins binding

Binding to D3 vitamins.


methylammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables directed movement of methylammonium, CH3NH2, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + phosphatidylinositol = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol.


toxic substance binding

Binding to a toxic substance, a poisonous substance that causes damage to biological systems.


pentadecane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadecane.


ossification involved in bone remodeling

The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.


startle response

An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.


AAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAC codon.


neural tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.


dalcochinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dalcochinin-8'-O-beta-glucoside + H2O <=> dalcochinin + D-glucopyranose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + L-glutamate + H2O + H+.


lipid oxidation

The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.


starch binding

Binding to starch.


regulation of intracellular pH

Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


carnitine-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-carnitine + CoA + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + D-carnitinyl-CoA.


peroxide sensor activity

Binding to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule.


endosulfan ether monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan ether + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan hydroxyether + H2O.


positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


autocrine signaling

Signaling between cells of the same type. The signal produced by the signaling cell binds to a receptor on, and affects a cell of the same type.


linear vestibuloocular reflex

A vestibular reflex by which a response to a linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the otolith and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


neurotransmitter-mediated guidance of interneurons involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration

The response of migrating interneurons to neurotransmitters that alter electrical activity in cells in calcium dependent manner.


epithelial tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.


microtubule anchoring at microtubule organizing center

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a microtubule organizing center.


N-terminal protein lipidation

The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the amino terminus of a protein.


positive adaptation of signaling pathway

The positive regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


protein depropionylation

The removal of a propionyl group from a residue in a peptide or protein.


keto acid formate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA = propionyl-CoA + formate.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-zeatin + H+ + UDP.


ketotetrose-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythrulose 1-phosphate = formaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.


trans-cinnamate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-cinnamate + ATP + CoA = (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


baicalin beta-D-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: baicalin + H2O = baicalein + D-glucuronate.


myofibroblast contraction

The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a myofibroblast.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


deethylatrazine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deethylatrazine + O2 = 2 CH3COCH3 + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.


metestrus

The estrous cycle phase in which there is subsiding follicular function.


negative regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


positive regulation of encysted zoospore germination

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination.


aristolochene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-n = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-n.


heme metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.


tendon formation

The process that gives rise to a tendon. This process pertains to the initial formation of a tendon from unspecified parts.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a intermediate mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


astrocyte fate commitment

The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte.


apiose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.


larval burrowing behavior

Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste

The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin = acrylate + dimethyl sulfide + H+.


hydroxylamine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + H2O + acceptor = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor.


response to magnetism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.


stachyose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 raffinose <=> stachyose + sucrose.


positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


temporomandibular joint articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of temporomandibular joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proboscis morphogenesis, clypeo-labral disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-hydroxygeranial + NADP <=> (6E)-8-oxogeranial + NADPH + H+.


organotin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organotin, an organic compound containing a tin atom.


termination of T cell signal transduction

The signaling process in which T cell signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.


regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.


smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


24-ethylidenelophenol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-ethylidenelophenol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


ISG15-protein conjugation

The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein.


U2 snRNA binding

Binding to a U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA).


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate.


plant epidermis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the plant epidermis are generated and organized.


trans-zeatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.


anterior visceral endoderm cell migration

The orderly movement of an anterior visceral endoderm cell from one site to another.


negative regulation of wound healing

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.


superior colliculus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior colliculus is also known as the optic tectum or simply tectum and is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + dimethylsulfonioacetate = (methylthio)acetate + L-methionine + H+.


cellular response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


bradykinin receptor activity

Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.


dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells

Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa.


3-sulfolactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate + NAD+ = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


cobalamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


cystathionine gamma-synthase activity (acts on O-phosphohomoserine)

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O-phosphonato-L-homoserine = L-cystathionine + hydrogenphosphate.


peptidyl-proline di-hydroxylation

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.


heterocyclic compound binding

Binding to heterocyclic compound.


positive regulation of penile erection

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methylpseudouridine.


metanephric podocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


cytochrome c biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytochrome c.


cell-cell adhesion involved in synapse maturation

The attachment of the pre-synaptic cell to the post-synaptic cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to synapse maturation.


sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.


interleukin-28B production

The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


furylfuramide isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide = (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide.


accessory nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the accessory nerve is generated and organized. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


positive regulation of embryonic development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


methylguanosine-cap decapping

Cleavage of the 5'-methylguanosine-cap of an mRNA. The methylguanosine-cap is present at the 5'-end of eukaryotic mRNAs. Decapping inactivates translation initiation and promotes 5'-to-3' decay of mRNA.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that reduces the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.


protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (20S)-protopanaxadiol + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ <=> protopanaxatriol + NADP + H2O.


artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.


taurine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


positive regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.


response to diterpene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.


nuclear import signal receptor activity

Combining with a nuclear import signal (NIS) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the cytoplasm to the nuclear lumen. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


BMP signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = benzoate + NADPH + H+.


cinnamic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


hippocampal interneuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal interneuron.


L-lysine efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-lysine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation

The process in which the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for flagellated sperm to reach fertilization competence.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


glycosylceramide flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of glycosylceramide from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Glycosylceramides are ceramides containing a functional group derived from a sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + oxomalonate = aminomalonate + pyruvate.


sternite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the sternite are generated and organized. The sternite is the plate or sclerite on the underside of a body segment.


(R)-mevalonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-mevalonic acid.


indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


septum primum development

The progression of the septum primum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


phosphocreatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.


negative regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.


mannitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mannitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + isobutyrate.


lipoprotein carrier activity

Binding to and carrying a lipoprotein between two different cellular locations by moving along with the target lipoprotein.


neuropeptide processing

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a neuropeptide precursor. Processing leads to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the neuropeptide.


regulation of humoral immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = biphenyl-2,3-diol + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


putrescine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine = N-methylputrescine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


low-affinity IgA receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


positive regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in nitriles

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a nitrile, a compound containing the cyano radical, -CN.


Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of cellotriose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


ABC-type D-galactofuranose transporter

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactofuranose + ATP + H2O <=> alpha-D-galactofuranose + hydrogenphosphate + ADP + H+.


regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


CTP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CTP, cytidine triphosphate.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.


central nervous system myelination

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


establishment of septation initiation network asymmetry

The septation initiation signaling process by which the activity of the septation initiation network (SIN) is activated asymmetrically on the spindle pole bodies.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


negative regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


carbapenem biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbapenem.


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + sn-glycerol-1-phosphate = NAD(P)H + H+ + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate.


xylulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate.


helvolic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of helvolic acid.


tetrose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


4-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


tocopherol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol.


regulation of encysted zoospore germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an encysted zoospore germination.


trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


cellular response to tropane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.


butirosin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving butirosin.


negative regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


gibberellin A4 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 16alpha,17-epoxy gibberellin A4 + H2O + NAD(P).


iduronate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin.


response to cobalamin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.


cellular response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ergosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-ergosterol.


vicianin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-vicianin + H2O = mandelonitrile + vicianose.


cardiac chamber formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.


histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me2.


protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton.


negative regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.


chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells of the ectoplacental cone acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer.


steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


protein heterotetramerization

The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.


ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a phosphoric ester bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


negative regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


positive regulation of growth

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.


positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.


negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


phenazine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenazine antibiotic, a polycyclic pyrazine with two nitrogen atoms in the ring.