conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.


regulation of sclerotome development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.


mitochondrial ribosome binding

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Binding to a mitochondrial ribosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + coumaroyl-CoA = 4-coumaroylshikimate + CoA.


progesterone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = A + H2O + testosterone acetate.


inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation

Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.


arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


plant-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


taxane 10-beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate = 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.


carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).


C-8 sterol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols.


L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).


establishment of planar polarity of follicular epithelium

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a follicular epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway

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The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile = UDP + (S)-4-hydroxy-mandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(37) in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + C2-methyladenine(37) in a tRNA.


Sertoli cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


negative regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


palmitoyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoyl moiety from some substrate.


glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.


response to cold

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway

The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein that occurs as part of glycoprotein ER-associated glycoprotein degradation (gpERAD).


response to gravity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


metanephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


eoxin A4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene A4 = eoxin A4.


regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: farnesoic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


cellular response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycosaminoglycan + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylglycosaminoglycan + UDP.


circadian regulation of heart rate

Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


thiamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = ADP + 2 H+ + thiamine phosphate.


ocellus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


ATP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


mannose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose = D-fructose.


histone H3K9 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.


modulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


adaptation of signaling pathway

The regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


negative regulation of immune effector process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


(S)-stylopine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-cheilanthifoline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-stylopine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.


blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.


regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.


modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-cysteine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine.


territorial aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.


alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA = (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA.


septin ring organization

Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.


O-decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


polymyxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


negative regulation of phospholipase C activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.


aluminum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aluminum (Al) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O2 = CO2 + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.


glial cell migration

The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.


regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin

The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 4-chlorophenoxyacetate.


phenanthrene 3,4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-3,4-oxide.


Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release

The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II

Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside <=> H+ + pelargonidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP.


mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


serine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-serine + CoA.


austinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving austinol.


glycine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


fibroblast growth factor production

The appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.


asymmetric protein localization to old or new spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to either the old or new spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


maleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate = H2O + maleate.


transcription factor TFIIIB complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a transcription factor TFIIIB complex.


regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


lead ion binding

Binding to lead (Pb) ions.


intermediate filament bundle assembly

The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.


negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


negative regulation of bone development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


T cell selection

The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.


C-X-C motif chemokine 12 receptor activity

Combining with the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


astrocyte chemotaxis

The directed movement of an astrocyte guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


pore formation during contractile vacuole discharge

The formation of a transient pore in the plasma membrane and the attached contractile vacuolar membrane, to release water from the cell. This process does not involve fusion of the two membranes.


adaptive immune response

An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).


calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway

Any signal transduction pathway involving calmodulin dependent kinase activity.


intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


21U-RNA binding

Binding to a 21U-RNA, a 21-nucleotide RNA characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


formate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate = ADP + formyl phosphate + H+.


formimidoylglutamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formamide.


hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.


glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site.


regulation of budding cell apical bud growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


respiratory chemosensitivity

A homeostatic process by which the sensing of CO2 and/or H+ by the brain leads to appropriate altering in breathing to regulate blood gas and tissue pH.


negative regulation of cardiac chamber formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.


regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.


dormancy exit of symbiont in host

Exit from dormant state, also known as resuscitation, of the symbiont within the host organism.


metanephric long nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros.


negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


response to carbon monoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.


diferric-transferrin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: transferrin[Fe2+]2 + NAD+ = transferrin[Fe3+]2 + NADH.


Cajal body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors.


axon target recognition

The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-sesquiphellandrene + diphosphoric acid.


radial glia-guided pyramidal neuron migration

The radial migration of a pyramidal neuron along radial glial cells.


epididymis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epididymis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


erythrocyte homeostasis

Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism.


fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigaclavine C, a fungal ergot alkaloid.


Catalysis of the transfer of a cholesterol to an acceptor protein.


bronchus morphogenesis

The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


signaling

The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.


regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.


regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via JAK-STAT.


wall teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


hatching behavior

The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.


pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


biphenyl catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


positive regulation of intracellular transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.


proteasomal protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


detection of carbon dioxide

The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


entry of viral genome into host nucleus via retainment of capsid in nuclear pore complex and release of genome into nucleoplasm

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid enters the host nuclear pore complex (NPC) but remains attached to the pore on the nuclear side. The capsid then disassembles, releasing the viral genome into the nucleoplasm.


aminoglycoside 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-succinyldihydrolipoamide.


response to misfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-N-acetylmannosaminouronate = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyl-1,4-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


pentitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


regulation of hair cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


aconitate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = isocitrate. The reaction occurs in two steps: (1) citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O, (2) cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate. This reaction is the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate via the labile, enzyme-bound intermediate cis-aconitate. Water is removed from one part of the citrate molecule and added back to a different atom to form isocitrate.


cellular response to dsRNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


MHC class Ib protein complex binding

Binding to a class Ib major histocompatibility complex.


NAD-dependent histone H4K16 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.


fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of fucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of fucose or a fucose derivative.


male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin + UDP-D-glucose = daphnin + H+ + UDP.


phthalate dioxygenase reductase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of electrons between pyridine nucleotides (obligatory two-electron carriers) and hemes or (2Fe-2S) centers (obligatory one-electron carriers) in respiration, photosynthesis, and many oxygenase systems.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(2) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + H+.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of single fertilization. In sperm with flagella, binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.


detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading

The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.


zoospore encystment on host

The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont zoospore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine + H2O + H+ = L-leucine + benzyl alcohol + CO2.


nor-spermidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.


ABC-type beta-glucan transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out).


negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.


acquisition of nutrients from symbiont

The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


ventricular zone neuroblast division

The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.


negative regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.


phagosome maturation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.


positive regulation of synergid differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetyl-mannosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetyl-mannosamine(out) = protein histidine +N-acetyl- mannosamine-6-phosphate(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate <=> mannosylfructose-phosphate + GDP.


release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria

The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.


dipyrrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.


tryptophan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


alpha-thujene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> alpha-thujene + diphosphoric acid.


positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


interleukin-34 production

The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.


epidermal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells.


blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


amnioserosa formation

Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.


peptidyl-histidine guanylation

The guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.


Mre11 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.


alcohol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on an alcohol acceptor molecule.


regulation of transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-mannose(out) + Na+(out) = D-mannose(in) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of brood size

Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


D-ribose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


steroid hormone binding

Binding to a steroid hormone.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct.


response to amino acid starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.


biotinidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: biotin amide + H2O = biotin + NH3.


methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.


tRNA transcription

The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template.


N-acetylneuraminate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + H2O = phosphate + N-acetylneuraminate.


regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.


phenylethylamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


cranial ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.


regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


leucine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH.


metanephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.


lymphocyte anergy

Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.


cellular response to viscosity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.


maintenance of rDNA

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.


GAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


peptidyl-lysine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + L-glutamate.


sodium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


icosanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


geranylate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylate + CoASH = trans-geranyl-CoA + OH-.


olfactory bulb axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyll a + NADP = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


wing disc development

Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.


acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure.


RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.


positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that activates or increases the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system

The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.


diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H+ = L-lysine + CO2.


ISG15 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 are covalent linkages.


poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond between the 5'-pyrimidine residue in cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) and the corresponding deoxy-D-ribose residue.


adenosylcobinamide kinase (ATP-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + ATP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP + H+.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


neuromuscular process controlling posture

Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts.


Catalysis of the reactions: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH, and (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+.


protein catabolic process in the vacuole

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.


long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


negative regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


cellular response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


monodictyphenone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monodictyphenone.


alpha-1,3-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->3)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


cellular response to wortmannin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a very-long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


ABC-type 3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) = ADP + phosphate + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out).


toluene 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


photoreceptor cell differentiation

The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


2-alkenal reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NADP+ = alk-2-enal + NADPH + H+.


response to selenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.


sabinene-hydrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = diphosphate + sabinene hydrate.


response to imidacloprid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an imidacloprid stimulus.


post-anal tail morphogenesis

The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.


amygdala development

The progression of the amygdala over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The amygdala is an almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that play a key role in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = pentalenolactone D + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-propionylpeptide. This reaction is the propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


myoblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process

The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.


histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.


negative regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


negative regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.


actin modification

Covalent modification of an actin molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


metal cluster binding

Binding to a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


cell projection assembly

Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


negative regulation of innate immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-arginine = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-ornithine.


positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


2-oxoglutarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.


tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.


acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal.


alcohol binding

Binding to an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group.


histone H3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


retinoid binding

Binding to a retinoid, a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


U2 snRNA adenosine m6 methytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to sulfur starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


beta-elemene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-elemene + diphosphoric acid.


heart looping

The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.


lycopene epsilon cyclase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of an epsilon ring at one end of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form delta-carotene (epsilon, psi-carotene).


4-aminobenzenesulfonate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 4-sulfocatechol.


peptidyl-serine octanoylation

The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


coenzyme F420 hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420 + H(2) + H+ = reduced coenzyme F420.


flavonoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


ubiquinone-6 binding

Binding to ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-N-dimethylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+.


cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


CTP binding

Binding to CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


negative regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


NAD-dependent histone decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-alpha-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .


Catalysis of the reaction: cytosylglucuronic acid + H+ = cytosylarabinopyranose + CO2.


lauric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources.


neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


meiotic M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


positive regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


cephalosporin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephalosporin C.


ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of oogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


negative regulation of lipid storage

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond (diphosphate bond) between two phosphate groups.


protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.


metal ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a metal ion.


positive regulation of uredinium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


vanillate O-demethylase (anaerobic) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + Co+ = Co3+-CH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


juglone 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 juglone + O2 = 2 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + 2 H+.


imaginal disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


modification of postsynaptic structure

Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynapse.


multivesicular body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


response to interleukin-4

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+.


DNM1L-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a DNM1L-family molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H2O = (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate.


regulation of thymine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to cytarabine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytarabine stimulus.


suppression by virus of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type III interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type III interferon is also known as interferon-lambda.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.


ectoine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


ribonuclease IV activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendrite guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in dendrite guidance.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-2-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-2,8-diol.


The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


trimethylamine receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine trimethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an ectoderm cell.


response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + pyruvate = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-alanine.


regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane

A process that hyerpolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an inhibitory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential away from the firing threshold.


atrial septum secundum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.


1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene extradiol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + O2 = 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H+.


tracheary element differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tracheary element.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission

Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


4-methylaminobutyrate oxidase (demethylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(methylamino)butyric acid + O2 + H2O <=> gamma-aminobutyric acid + formaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


protein C-terminal leucine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-leucine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-leucine methyl ester. This modification occurs only at the oxygen atoms of the free alpha carboxyl group of a leucine residue at the C-terminus of the protein.


negative regulation of programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.


ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process is independent of ubiquitination.


protein-containing complex stabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolinidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + 2 H+.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


response to growth hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate.


negative regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


trimethylamine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:1 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


sulfur dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfur + O2 + H2O = sulfite.


spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.


free ubiquitin chain polymerization

The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.


ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ATP = ADP + 3 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


response to diphenyl ether

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenyl ether stimulus.


pullulan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


chondrocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-32 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.


detection of muscle inactivity

The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


protein localization to plasma membrane raft

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft.


formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH.


aphidicolan-16 beta-ol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = aphidicolan-16-beta-ol + diphosphate.


snRNP binding

Binding to a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


response to resveratrol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.


negative regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


phthalate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.


alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate = (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate. (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate is also known as trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate.


ubiquinone-6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone-6.


cellular response to nitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.


ameloblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an ameloblast, a cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ.


endocardial precursor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


positive regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


perturbation of host immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy

The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


compound eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


corrinoid adenosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + 2 corrinoid + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 2 adenosylcorrinoid + 3 H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 2 triphosphate. The corrinoid can be cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide, cob(II)inamide or cob(II)alamin.


negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


preQ1 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine + 2 NADP+ = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H+ + 2 NADPH.


positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.


metanephric thick ascending limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.


intrahepatic bile duct development

The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver).


limonene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


positive regulation of fever generation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.


chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a galactosylceramide = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a galactosylceramidesulfate.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.


response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.


oxalate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalate = CO2 + formate.


long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


cellular response to pheromone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.


larynx morphogenesis

The process in which the larynx is generated and organized. The larynx is a continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose = UDP-4-keto-rhamnose.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


cellular response to gravity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating, NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+. Can also use malonate (3-oxopropanoate) as a substrate. The reaction occurs in two steps with the decarboxylation process preceding CoA-binding. Bicarbonate rather than CO2 is released as a final product.


ethylene receptor histidine kinase activity

Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


ecdysone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.


GTP 3',8'-cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP=(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate.


DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


glucose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.


modulation by symbiont of host anion transport

The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


response to testosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.


negative regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery.


secondary neural tube formation

The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.


cystic duct development

The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gallbladder to the common bile duct.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).


adhesion of symbiont to microvasculature

The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.


inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.


regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another.


sensory perception of fast pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.


negative regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


ionotropic olfactory receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific odorant has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


lipid glycosylation

Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.


siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).


platelet alpha granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.


positive regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


The disaggregation of a protein-carbohydrate complex into its constituent components.


positive regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


peptidyl-cysteine modification

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


modulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


box H/ACA snoRNA binding

Binding to a box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA.


diphosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H+(in) + H2O = 2 H+(out) + 2 phosphate.


aggregation involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


histone H2BK12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


elongation factor-2 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [elongation factor 2] = ADP + [elongation factor 2] phosphate.


protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.


selenite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: SeO3(2-) + 3NADPH + 5H+ = H2Se + 3NADP+ + 3H2O.


mimosinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-mimosine + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4H-pyrid-4-one + L-serine.


CoA-ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: substrate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + substrate-CoA.


very long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway acting on a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons. The partway stars with the conversion of an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


protein targeting to ER

The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamate + ATP + NH4 = 4-methylene-L-glutamine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O + OH- = 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + 4 H+ + 4 e- + methylamine.


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.


NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.


cellular response to nickel ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.


oligogalacturonide lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate = 2 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


TORC1 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TORC1 complex.


focal adhesion assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.


N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.


response to interleukin-13

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


response to putrescine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.


negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


D(-)-tartrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tartrate = H2O + oxaloacetate.


negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


positive regulation of ductus arteriosus closure

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.


linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA and add a fourth double bond (a (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA).


negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin I(2) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I(2) + H+ + NADPH.


response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric triacetylfusarinine C(out) + H+(out) = ferric triacetylfusarinine C(in) + H+(in).


cytoplasmic polyadenylation

Any process by which dormant, translationally inactive mRNAs become activated via the elongation of their poly(A) tails in the cytosol.


lactate racemization

Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.


regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


T cell homeostatic proliferation

The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


hexose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


uterine gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an uterine gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


momilactone-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-diene-19,6beta-olide + NAD(P) = momilactone A + H+ + NAD(P)H.


otolith mineralization completed early in development

The formation of otoliths during embryogenesis with completion in early postembryonic development. Formation occurs by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate around an organic core of extracellular matrix proteins. Otoconia (otoliths) are small (~10 micron) dense extracellular particles present in the otolith end organs of the vertebrate inner ear.


nucleosome binding

Binding to a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


xylan binding

Binding to xylan.


regulation of lymphatic vessel size

Any process that modulates the size of lymphatic vessels.