spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


maintenance of translational fidelity

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Suppression of the occurrence of translational errors, such as codon-anticodon mis-paring, during the process of translation of a protein using an mRNA template.


Spemann organizer formation

Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.


central B cell selection

Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material

The directed movement of the viral genome or viral particle within the host cell cytoplasm along host microtubules. Microtubule-dependent transport involves motor proteins like dynein and kinesin and is mostly used by viruses that target their genomes to the nucleus.


L-threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.


regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of dipeptide transport. Dipeptide transport is the directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


chain elongation of O-linked mannose residue

Extension of the O-linked mannose residue of a mannoprotein by the stepwise addition of further mannose molecules.


peptidyl-glutamine modification

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.


histone mRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone.


cellular response to L-thialysine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.


5-pyridoxate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-pyridoxate + NADPH + O2 = 2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate) + NADP+.


nucleus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.


stress-induced mitochondrial fusion

Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment, as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis.


leghemoglobin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferrileghemoglobin = NADP+ + 2 ferroleghemoglobin.


cellular response to purine-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation

The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


mesenchymal stem cell migration

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(tele)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


gibberellin A20 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A20 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


CTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + H+ + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.


hindbrain structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


positive regulation of dense core granule transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.


negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.


trans-zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


hypusine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


gamma-curcumene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> gamma-curcumene + diphosphoric acid.


response to pullulan

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.


acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to ammonia (NH3) or an amide via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


myofibroblast differentiation

The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a myofibroblast cell.


fibrous ring of heart morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a fibrous ring of heart is generated and organized.


alpha-chamigrene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> alpha-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


lateral sprouting from an epithelium

The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation on a DNA template.


negative regulation of spore germination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.


cephalosporin-C transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(5-carboxylato-5-oxopentanamido)deacetylcephalosporanate + D-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + cephalosporin C.


IgE binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype.


methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methyl-branched fatty acid.


P-type transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transporter that auto-phosphorylates (hence P) at a key conserved aspartate residue, generating a conformational change that allows transport of the substrate. Hydrolysis of the phosphorylated Asp residue, catalyzed by the actuator (A) domain, results in another state with occluded substrates. Upon dissociation of Mg2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi), the enzyme reverts to the initial state, in which the counter-transported substrate is released into the cytosol.


molybdenum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of molybdenum (Mo) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


maintenance of cell polarity

The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


mesonephric tubule development

The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


regulation of epidermal cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.


capsorubin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsorubin.


peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartyl aldehyde

The reduction of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-aspartyl aldehyde, as found photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein.


positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


septate junction assembly

The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space.


regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


microfibril assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of microfibril.


NAD-dependent protein biotinidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-biotinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-biotinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


autophagic cell death

A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.


interleukin-5 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


vitamin D metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


regulation of chemokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.


protein-phosphocysteine-L-ascorbate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + L-ascorbate(out) = protein cysteine + L-ascorbate-6-phosphate(in).


neuron differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the neurons of the salivary gland.


L-threonine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH3.


D-allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


sulfate ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


syn-stemod-13(17)-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemod-13(17)-ene + diphosphate.


cell rearrangement involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The movement of an epithelial cell with respect to other epithelial cells that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.


sorbitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


ceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid.


embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


salivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


steroid 21-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A C(21) steroid + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = a 21-hydroxy-C(21)-steroid + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O.


interphase

The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


diaminobutyrate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + H+ = 1,3-diaminopropane + CO2.


protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basolateral regions of the plasma membrane.


ABC-type teichoic acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + teichoic acid(in) = ADP + phosphate + teichoic acid(out).


regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


response to sodium arsenite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.


negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


negative regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, contractile tail mechanism

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a contractile tail ejection system consisting of a baseplate, a central tube and an external contractile sheath.  Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers sheath contraction, driving the rigid internal tail tube through the cell envelope.


energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


clearance of cells from fusion plate by apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by removing cells in the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis,cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate + OH- = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + acetate.


dihydrozeatin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)dihydrozeatin + UDP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).


plant-type cell wall loosening

The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


fractalkine production

The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


actomyosin structure organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments.


nor-spermidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


negative regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


pyridine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


myelin maintenance

The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.


carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via inhibition of actin polymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that disrupts the host actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting host actin from polymerizing. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-sorbose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 5-methylthiopentylhydroximate <=> H+ + 4-methylthiobutyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


inner ear development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


positive regulation of aldosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


light adaption

The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light.


phosphoglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphoglycerates from one side of a membrane to the other. Phosphoglycerates are important intermediates in glycolysis and 3-phosphoglycerate is a precursor in serine biosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + a 2-oxo acid = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + an L-amino acid.


ethylbenzene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + ethylbenzene + H2O = (S)-1-phenylethanol + AH(2).


regulation of synoviocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a bacterium, the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


cardiac cell fate determination

The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


uterine epithelium development

The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


cytochrome P450 dependent 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 12,13beta-epoxy-16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it.


acetoin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + NADH + H+.


pollen aperture formation

The cellular component assembly process of forming pollen apertures, areas where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen cell wall.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste

The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


lys-lys specific dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two consecutive lysine amino acid residues within a protein.


pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


phosphocholine transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate.


dopaminechrome tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopaminechrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole.


imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.


cardiac ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


neuron migration

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the epicardium acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.


negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


egg-laying behavior

A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.


polar nucleus fusion

The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.


ectodermal placode morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


response to D-galactosamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylsalicylate + H+ = 3-cresol + CO2.


angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline

The directed movement of angioblasts from the lateral mesoderm to the midline which occurs as part of the formation of the early midline vasculature.


ubiquitin-like protein-specific endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within a small protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO).


cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the execution phase of apoptosis.


body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized.


tyramine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tyramine = N-methyltyramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


psychosine sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + galactosylsphingosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + psychosine sulfate.


galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyllactosamine + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. N-acetyllactosamine residues are found in a number of different carbohydrate types. N-acetyllactosamine can also be written as Gal-beta-(1,4)-GlcNAc.


envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


mating

The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.


regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.


17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + isocitrate = 2-caffeoylisocitrate + CoA.


UV-A, blue light phototransduction

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.


regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


donor selection

The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.


macromolecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


secondary metabolite catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


ecdysteroid 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 2.


bicyclogermacrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bicyclogermacrene.


regulation of gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


cellular response to capsazepine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate + H2O = hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate + phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + (S)-N-methylcanadine = H2O + NADP+ + allocryptopine.


negative regulation of cell cycle phase transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.


glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


acid-thiol ligase activity

Catalysis of the joining of an acid and a thiol via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


neuronal ion channel clustering

The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.


regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


polyterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.


triose-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate.


small molecule sensor activity

Binding to a small molecule and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule.


growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with growth hormone-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


cellular response to vitamin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.


endothelial cell development

The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone.


negative regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


N,N-dimethylformamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylformamide + H2O = dimethylamine + formate.


11beta-hydroxyprogesterone binding

Binding to 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone.


response to hydrostatic pressure

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.


carnitine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + H+ = 2-methylcholine + CO2.


prostaglandin receptor activity

Combining with a prostaglandin (PG) to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization

The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.


xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a xanthone-containing compound.


intracellular abscisic acid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of abscisic acid within a cell.


neural plate mediolateral regionalization

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random mediolateral spatial arrangement of the neural plate.


negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.


plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a plasma lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the esterification of cholesterol by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO2.


negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.


anterior neuropore closure

The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.


ecgonine methyl ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonine methyl ester.


miRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.


Binding to tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamate) polymer.


intracellularly ATP-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


trypanothione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = trypanothione + ADP + phosphate.


embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


clavaminate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O; proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O; and dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = clavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.


regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + H2O = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + chloride + H+ + NH4.


afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


oligosaccharyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


heme receptor activity

Binding specifically to heme to deliver it to a transport vesicle.


embryonic camera-type eye development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


maternal process involved in female pregnancy

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.


minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


cellular response to glucose-phosphate stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of glucose-phosphate.


peptide deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-L-methionyl peptide + H2O = formate + methionyl peptide.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of presynaptic cytosolic free calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator.


regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


cellular response to bleomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.


UCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCU codon.


sarcosine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2.


Golgi membrane fusion

The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane.


limonene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


TTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTDP + H+ + phosphate.


alcohol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP.


3-phenylpropionate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid.


peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine

The modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.


toluate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylbenzoate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 1,2-dihydroxymethylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate.


caveola assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a caveola. A caveola is a plasma membrane raft that forms a small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.


positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


vesicle tethering to endoplasmic reticulum

The initial, indirect interaction between a transport vesicle membrane and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior fusion.


tRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation

Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.


cytoplasmic icosahedral capsid assembly

The assembly of an icosahedral viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Often occurs by assembling around the viral genome.


regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.


regulation of protein stability

Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.


peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.


response to alcohol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


pigment cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.


sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.


epoxygenase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.


glycogen debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of branch points in branched glycogen polymers.


antifungal peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from the conserved C-terminal lysine residue of a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


root epithelial mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the presynaptic membrane potential.


protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex of the cell tip.


smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary.


L-kynurenine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-kynurenine from one side of a membrane to the other.


pentose catabolic process to propan-2-ol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to propan-2-ol.


hexitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaflet are generated and organized.


dITP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dITP (deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate). dITP is a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


inner mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane.


cellular response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


alkylmercury lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alkylmercury + H+ = an alkane + Hg2+.


fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that results in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


pigment granule dispersal

The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.


regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ligand-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.


positive regulation of oocyte development

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerophosphate(n) + CDP-glycerol = glycerophosphate(n+1) + CMP.


alpha-farnesene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.


imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


cellular response to oleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


RNA polymerase I assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I complex.


cell wall modification involved in abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.


negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


DN4 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN4 thymocyte. A DN4 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44-,CD25-.


aminomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.


positive regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal trnasition.


positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


nodal signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


morphogenesis of follicular epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized.


regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


RNA cap binding

Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


methionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


positive regulation of telium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


aldose 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.


serine O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the serine molecule.


blood vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


double-stranded DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a double-stranded DNA molecule by creating internal breaks.


stomatal complex formation

The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


pancreatic bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud.


maintenance of lens transparency

A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.


UUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUC codon.


otic vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


tetracycline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-iditol + NAD+ = D-sorbose + NADH.


response to lipoteichoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


negative regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by light sensitive cells in the integument.


regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


hedgehog receptor activity

Combining with a member of the hedgehog protein family and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


L-iduronidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-L-iduronosidic linkages in dermatan sulfate.


dormancy entry of symbiont in host

Entry into a dormant state of the symbiont within the host organism.


ABC-type thiosulfate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiosulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiosulfate(in).


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate = 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + H+ + 2 e- + CO2.


UDP-D-glucose:cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside = shisonin + UDP + H+.


scab formation

Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


protein localization to postsynaptic membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a postsynaptic membrane.


vestibular nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of penile erection

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


spermidine:feruloyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a feruloyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


siderophore metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


positive regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


purine alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


peptidyl-lysine N6-acetylation

The acetylation of the peptidyl-lysine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along the plane of an excitable membrane. Action potentials typically propagate once triggered because the depolarization of adjacent membrane regions due to an action potential crosses the firing threshold.


regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.


dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.


cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


Leydig cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


directional guidance of interneurons involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that control the direction of migration of interneurons as a component of the process of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


peptidyl-lysine carboxylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.


phosphoarginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates.


cellular response to tellurium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which a cell of the mammary placode becomes a cell of the mammary gland bud.


inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


positive regulation of flocculation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation.


galactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactosamine is an aminodeoxysugar; D-galactosamine is a constituent of some glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, commonly as its N-acetyl derivative.


positive regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


negative regulation of leaf development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + ferulate + H+.


lateral root branching

Any process involved in the formation of branches in lateral roots.


renal water retention

The process in which renal water excretion is decreased.


pronephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron.


regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.


nopaline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.


thioglucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thioglucoside + H2O = a thiol + a sugar.


response to topoisomerase inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.


chlorate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + chlorate = A + chlorite + H2O + H+.


coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coumarin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = hydroxycoumarin + H2O + NADP+.


G protein-coupled folate receptor activity

Combining with folate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of the embryonic placenta.


indolalkylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.


3-methylquinoline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.


cellular response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized.


response to diphenidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + peptidyl-L-lysine = phosphate + peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


regulation of ossification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


endocardial cushion cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of endocardial cushion cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


homeostatic process

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.


cellular response to trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.


pigment catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


sinus venosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


pole cell formation

Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.


maintenance of protein localization at growing cell tip

Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the growing cell tip.


linear malto-oligosaccharide phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogenphosphate + a linear malto-oligosaccharide = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + a linear malto-oligosaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


root cap mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


homoserine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + NADP+ = L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde + NADPH + H+.


inflammatory response to wounding

The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


URM1 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S = X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


thymocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


pentaerythritol trinitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = NADP+ + nitrate + pentaerythritol dinitrate.


ribonuclease U2 activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Ap or Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


cell wall disassembly involved in floral organ abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.


guanosine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).


Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-L-lysine = L-lysine + 5-oxo-L-proline.


cyclodextrin binding

Binding to cyclodextrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-.


regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyethylbenzene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate.


regulation of cell wall macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell wall macromolecule metabolism. Cell wall macromolecule metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


maintenance of granzyme B location in T cell secretory granule

A process in which the protease granyme B is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + 2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine = UDP + 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine.


Catalysis of the reaction 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate = pyruvate + (S)-lactaldehyde.


sympathetic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a sympathetic neuron axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


tensidol A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol A.


histamine receptor activity

Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.


extensin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.


rebaudioside B glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: rebaudioside B + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rebaudioside A + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


cellular response to cytochalasin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.


hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


mechanoreceptor differentiation involved in mechanosensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


RAM/MOR signaling pathway

An intracellular signaling pathway that regulates interphase polarized growth and cell separation at the end of cytokinesis through activation of the NDR1/2-related kinase.


regulation of superoxide dismutase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.


tonic smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within tonic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the tonic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Tonic smooth muscle contraction occurs as a sustained continuous contraction.


positive regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.


protein-serine epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (protein)-L-serine = (protein)-D-serine.


intracellular histidine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of histidine within a cell.


Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to the mannose(beta-1,4)Glc disaccharide core of glycolipids.


maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione = 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-glutaryl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = 2''-O-glutaryl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


androgen receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n).


uracil binding

Binding to uracil.


cellular response to hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.


stomatal movement

The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).


positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.


neuromuscular process

Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism.


cytosine binding

Binding to cytosine.


peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.


negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + a fatty acid.


plus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


all-trans retinal 3,4-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


positive regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


glutathione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate.


positive regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


The methylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-tyrosine.


positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


retinal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH. Acts on both 11-trans and 13-cis forms of retinal.


DNA recombinase disassembly

The disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent strand exchange proteins (recombinases).


hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


nitric oxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


endocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


visceral serous pericardium development

The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium.


mesonephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


actin nucleation

The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.


chloroplast disassembly

The disaggregation of a chloroplast into its constituent components.


cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


benzodiazepine receptor activity

Combining with benzodiazepines, a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and myorelaxant properties, to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = malate + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucarolactone + sinapoyl-CoA = O-sinapoylglucarolactone + CoA.


N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine

The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,3'-disulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + CDP-ethanolamine = L-serine-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H+.


thromboxane A2 receptor activity

Combining with thromboxane A2 (TXA(2)) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = 2-(E)-O-feruloyl-D-galactarate + CoA.


xylem vessel member cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened.


protein polyglycylation

The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid.


perianth development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the perianth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The perianth is a collective phyllome structure composed of two or more petals, sepals, or tepals.


prechordal plate formation

The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells.


sulfur oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur.


group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 6C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP + H+.


regulation of phospholipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


delta24-sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 5-alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3-beta-ol.


tRNA thio-modification

The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + O2 + H2O = HCl + 2 H+ + 2-chloromaleylacetate.


ABC-type sterol transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sterol(in) = ADP + phosphate + sterol(out).


regulation of transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron located in the hypothalamus. These neurons release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone as a neural transmitter.


plant ovule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid.


gametophyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


negative regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


undecan-2-one metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving undecan-2-one.


positive regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation that is involved in phenotypic switching.


chlorophyllide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllides, any chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


protein localization to membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.


betaine aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine aldehyde.


protein-DNA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


phenotypic switching

A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


immune response-regulating signaling pathway

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + UDP-D-glucose = 5'-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine + H+ + UDP.


positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate.


aspartate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = oxaloacetate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fluconazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.


tail spike morphogenesis

The process in which the nematode tail spike is generated and organized. An example of this process is seen in C. elegans, where the tapered tail spike is formed during embryogenesis by a filamentous process that passes posteriorly through hyp10, the tail ventral hypodermis; the filamentous process is formed by a binucleate cell, the tail-spike cell, that subsequently undergoes programmed cell death.


vitamin D3 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.


nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


regulation of austinol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.


nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other.


rRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.


male pronucleus assembly

The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division.


germacrene A acid 8beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 8beta-hydroxy-germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADP + H2O.


positive regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.