endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


hemolysis in another organism

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.


cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase) = AMP + diphosphate + (methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase).


The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + cyclohexanone.


L-isoleucine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-isoleucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-isoleucine is (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


regulation of meiotic chromosome separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


cornification

A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).


regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


leucocyanidin oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis- or trans-dihydroquercetin + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.


polymeric immunoglobulin receptor activity

Combining with a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


chrysobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.


P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).


dibenzothiophene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene.


nicotianamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


3-chlorotoluene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3-chlorotoluene + NADH + O2 <=> 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+ = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH4.


oviduct development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glutamate + reduced vitamin K + CO2 + O2 = peptidyl-gamma-carboxyglutamate + vitamin K epoxide.


trophoblast giant cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.


central complex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli.


metal ion sequestering activity

Binding to a metal ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO2 + diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H+ + quinolinate.


peptidyl-arginine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine.


positive regulation of cardiac conduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid phosphorus-nitrogen bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid phosphorus-nitrogen bond.


methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol = dolichol-phosphate + oligosaccharide phosphate.


response to sodium phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.


actin filament bundle organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene, 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene and 4,4'-diapolycopene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diapolycopene as the end product.


kinesis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.


cerebellar cortex structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


alkanesulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


hair follicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.


hydrogen selenide methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + hydrogen selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methaneselenol.


instrumental aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithinium(1+) = N(5)-acetyl-L-ornithine.


The microtubule-based process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


selenodiglutathione-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + selenodiglutathione + NADPH = gluthathioselenol + glutathione + NADP+.


positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


oxalomalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxalomalate = glyoxylate + oxaloacetate.


mammalian oogenesis stage

A reproductive process that is a step in the formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell.


rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of rhamnose from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


nucleolus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.


positive regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


negative regulation of haustorium mother cell formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification

The modification of a lysine residue in a protein to produce (2S)-2-amino-6-([(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid, and the subsequent hydroxylation of the modified lysine residue. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, the prokaryotic translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


2-oxoglutaryl-CoA thioesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaryl-CoA + OH- = 2-oxoglutarate + CoASH.


iridophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance.


2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminophenol + O2 = 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde.


beta-glucanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of linkages in beta-D-glucans; beta-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers linked by beta-glycosidic bonds.


carboxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


mesodermal cell migration

The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

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The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors that modulates the establishment of planar polarity contributing to neural tube closure.


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrophenol + H- = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone.


chromosome localization to nuclear envelope involved in homologous chromosome segregation

The directed movement of a chromosome to the nuclear envelope that contributes to homologous chromosome segregation and precedes synapsis.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


protein localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. post synaptic density).


anatomical structure regression

The developmental process in which an anatomical stucture is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.


Catalysis of the reaction: amidinoproclavaminate + H2O = proclavaminate + urea.


delta-tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = delta-tocopherol.


negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.


regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


N-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine + 2 H2O + 2 H+ = N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO2 + 2 NH4.


negative regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


hexokinase-dependent signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and dependent on the detection of hexokinase.


acyl deglucuronidation

The removal of glucuronic acid from an acyl-glucuronide.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.


alpha-amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to ventricular cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the ventricle. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


positive regulation of seed maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


organelle fusion

The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles.


kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an kainate-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


mannokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


cysteine-S-conjugate N-malonyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA(5-) + an L-cysteine-S-conjugate <=> coenzyme A + H+ + an N-malonyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate.


multicellular organismal locomotion

Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another.


anterior rotation of the optic cup

A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.


biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


zinc chaperone activity

Binding to and delivering zinc ions to a target protein.


sequestering of TGFbeta from receptor via TGFbeta binding

Binding to a transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting TGFbeta signaling by preventing TGFbeta from binding to its cell surface receptor.


glycoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


accessory nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


positive regulation of lateral root development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


dATP biosynthetic process from ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate.


ascr#2 binding

Binding to ascr#2.


regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation.


negative regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via succinate semialdehyde

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the pyruvate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


ferric-chelate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron donor -> 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


tRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


larval central nervous system remodeling

Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + hydrogencarbonate + NH4+ = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


positive regulation of anion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


vomilenine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vomilenine.


neuropeptide Y receptor activity

Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity.


tRNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more positions within a tRNA molecule.


response to anoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


kynurenine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


glucosamine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.


very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + NADP+ = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.


mixed acid fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


pyridoxamine binding

Binding to pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.


mannitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


mitochondrial valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


beta-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + NH3.


positive regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


tolerance induction in urogenital tract

Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.


positive regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


positive regulation of phospholipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminonbiphenyl = N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl.


myelination in peripheral nervous system

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O = acetate + CoA + H+.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in lateral root development

Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in lateral root development.


pre-replicative complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


beta-pyrazolylalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate + H+.


negative regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


cellular response to cortisol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.


monoterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system

Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-campesterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxycampesterol + NADP + H2O.


metanephric pyramids development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.


interleukin-23 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-23 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


biotin-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + biotinyl-CoA.


detection of renal blood flow

The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.


diphenyl phthalate binding

Binding to diphenyl phthalate, C(20)H(14)O(4).


pattern specification involved in kidney development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


intraciliary transport particle A binding

Binding to an intraciliary transport particle A (IFT A) complex.


mucilage pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectin component of mucilage.


intratendonous ossification

Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.


glycerol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD+ and B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred) with respect to NADP+.


positive regulation of organ growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


mesonephric proximal tubule development

The progression of the mesonephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


cellular response to UV-A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


scyllo-inosamine 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + ATP = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced ascorbate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.


phosphoarginine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.


negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.


regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


DNA dealkylation

The removal of an alkyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.


trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + 2 (ferricytochrome c)-subunit + H2O = trimethylamine-N-oxide + 2 (ferrocytochrome c)-subunit + 2 H+.


betulin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betulin + NADPH(4-) + H+ + O2 <=> betulinic aldehyde + NADP(3-) + 2 H2O.


tissue homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.


negative regulation of cellular process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.


fusion cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP.


metanephric DCT cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell.


cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + L-lysine + ATP = N(6)-[(indole-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


seed germination on parent plant

The process in which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant.


negative regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


positive regulation of antipodal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.


regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


inferior endocardial cushion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an inferior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.


mitotic interphase

The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.


amniotic stem cell differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amniotic stem cell. An amniotic stem cell is a mesenchymal stem cell extracted from amniotic fluid. Amniotic stem cells are able to differentiate into various tissue types such as skin, cartilage, cardiac tissue, nerves, muscle, and bone.


negative regulation of torso signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the torso signaling pathway.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron in response to hydrogen peroxide.


histone H2AK15 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-15 residue.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + beta-D-galactoside + H2O <=> ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + beta-D-galactoside + H+.


P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in), that contributes to regulating the membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell.


anthranilate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate.


sulfoquinovosidase activity

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-sulfoquinovoside residues in alpha-sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides and alpha-sulfoquinovosyl glycerol, generating alpha-sulfoquinovose.


response to absence of light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + glucose = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


tartrate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tartrate.


FMN transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) from one side of a membrane to the other.


cranial ganglion structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the transfer of the non-reducing terminal alpha-D-glucose residue from a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to the 4-position of an alpha-D-glucan, thus bringing about the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides.


cell-cell signaling involved in amphid sensory organ development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of an amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature state.


kidney field specification

The process that results in the delineation of regions of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + H2O <=> daidzein + beta-D-glucose.


posterior lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


thiocyanate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> methyl thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the cardiac muscle tissue.


negative regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.


aldaric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.


root regeneration

The the regeneration process by which a damaged or lost root regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to form a new root meristem and subsequently new root.


solute:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).


positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


establishment of turgor in appressorium

The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


lipoprotein oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group.


ADP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADPH + H+.


seed dehydration

The seed development process whose outcome is the drying of a maturing seed.


long-day photoperiodism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde.


respiratory burst at fertilization

The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.


regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cell-cell signaling involved in placenta development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.


testosterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of testosterone, an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4 C-5.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a beta-D-galactoside = CoA + a 6-acetyl-beta-D-galactoside.


extracellular sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


discadenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.


interleukin-20 production

The appearance of interleukin-20 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester.


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.


carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle

An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.


plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.


embryonic epithelial tube formation

The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by modulation of calcium ion sensitivity of myofibril

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing calcium ion binding affinity of the myofibril.


cellular response to polycyclic arene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.


regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


male urethra development

The progression of the male urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The male urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder through the penis to outside the body.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.


glucose mediated signaling pathway

The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


mucosal immune response

An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.


metabolite repair

A cellular process that, through single- or multi-step enzymatic reactions, repairs useless or toxic endogenous compounds, formed as by-products of primary metabolism, by converting them into useful metabolites.


positive regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


negative regulation of myelination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


protein catabolic process at synapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a synapse.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.


copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide

The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide.


zygote asymmetric cell division

The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.


Catalysis of the reaction L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate = phenylpyruvate + aspartate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-amino acid + H+ = R-H + CO2.


cardiac glial cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.


muscle hyperplasia

A muscle system process that results in an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


swim bladder inflation

The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


iodide channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a iodide (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


cellular response to sulfur dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


propionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.


GMP catabolic process to guanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.


phosphopyruvate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O.


negative regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.


1-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-methylguanosine.


The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated protein.


regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


glucose binding

Binding to D- or L-enantiomers of glucose.


ABC-type L-arabinose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-arabinose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-arabinose(in).


regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


cholate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA and (2) ATP + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.


3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


lactosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.


peptidyl-lysine desuccinylation

The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a succinylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


oxalate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + oxalate = 2 CO2 + H2O2.


cardiac conduction system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.


dimethylsulfoxide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> sulfonyldimethane + H2O + NADP.


heme C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme C, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.


Met1-linked polyubiquitin deubiquitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ubiquitin units from Met1-linked (or linear) polyubiquitin chains.


cellular response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


response to growth hormone-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulus. Growth hormone-releasing hormone regulates the release of growth hormone, as well as some pancreatic proteins, and possibly other proteins.


sensory organ precursor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.


steviolbioside glucosyltransferase activity (stevioside forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: steviolbioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = stevioside + UDP + H+.


regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


endodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via fibronectin.


vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.


sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction

The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.


negative regulation of oogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


glial cell activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a glial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


methyl ethyl ketone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate = ADP + dihydrostreptomycin 3'alpha,6-bisphosphate + 2 H+.


negative regulation of leaf senescence

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.


response to plumbagin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + succinyl-CoA = O-succinyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


iprodione amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iprodione + OH- = 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + N-isopropylcarbamate.


tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.


pedicel mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the flower stem.


visually-mediated background adaptation

Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by melanopsin-expressing eye cells.


negative regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ergosterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ergosterol = CoA + ergosterol ester.


Catalysis of the reaction:a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA.


luteolin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


regulation of vegetative meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem.


regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


gut granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gut granule.


neuroblast division in pallium

The division of neuroblasts in the pallium. Neuroblasts are precursor cells that give rise to neurons.


specification of mesonephric connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.


glyphosate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond.


chemoattraction involved in precerebellar neuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that guide a precerebellar neuron towards their signals, where this process is involved in tangential migration.


regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the metanephric proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.


NADPHX epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADPHX = (S)-NADPHX.


post-embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


acetoacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


hopanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.


positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


o-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + ATP + CoA = 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


larval visceral muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


(1->4)-beta-D-galactan binding

Binding to (1->4)-beta-D-galactan.


dihydrofolate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydropterate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + dihydrofolate.


perturbation by symbiont of host cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to singlet oxygen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


pulmonary artery endothelial tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from the pulmonary artery endothelium. An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


mono-olein transacylation activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mono-olein + mono-olein = diolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol.


positive regulation of platelet rolling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2.


homocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


amphisome-lysosome fusion

The process in which amphisomes fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the amphisome.


protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Protein processing that takes place in the phagosome. Most protein processing in the phagosome represents protein degradation.


stomach development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomach over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stomach is an expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ.


Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S,5'S)-hydroxyaverantin + NAD+ <=> 5'-oxoaverantin + NADH.


laminaribiose binding

Binding to laminaribiose, a disaccharide.


lithocholic acid binding

Binding to lithocholic acid.


regulation of helicase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helicase activity.


vulval cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


positive regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


negative regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.


GPCR bitter taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of bitter taste.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 3 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene and 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diaponeurosporene (the major deep-yellow pigment in staphylococci strains) as the end product.


stomatal closure

The process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.


regulation of timing of exogen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity

Combining with the urokinase plasminogen activator to initiate a change in cell activity.


alpha-agarase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages in agarose, yielding agarotetraose as the major product.


glucosamine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


cap-dependent translational initiation

The process where the cap structure, composed of a 7- methylguanosine (m7G) group and associated cap-binding proteins, located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule, which serves as a molecular tag that marks the spot where the 40S ribosomal subunit, is recruited and will then scan in a 5' to 3' direction until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + H+(out) = proline(in) + H+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uridine(out) + H+(out) = uridine(in) + H+(in).


glucosinolate biosynthetic process from homomethionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including homomethionine.


regulation of chronic inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


cotranscriptional mitochondrial rRNA nucleotide insertion

The insertion of one or two non-coded nucleotides during the transcription of a mitochondrial rRNA. Such additions are known to occur in myxomycetes such as Physarum, Didymium, and Stemonitis.


dehydroaustinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydroaustinol.


positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


diguanylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP = cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + 2 diphosphate + 2 H+.


epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


microgametophyte vegetative cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microgametophyte. The microgametophyte vegetative cell gives rise to the pollen tube.


protein demannosylation

The removal of one or more mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.


positive regulation of lung blood pressure

The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.


L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + ATP + bicarbonate = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H2O.


histone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a histone protein by individual cells.


orcinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.


entry into reproductive diapause

The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


serotonin production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.


forward locomotion

Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.


mammillary body development

The progression of the mammillary body over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mammillary body is a protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei.


regulation of behavioral fear response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.


negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


afferent axon development in lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


'de novo' GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) through an inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) intermediate.


metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells in the metanephros, resulting in the expansion of the population.


negative regulation of epidermis development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


peptidyl-arginine modification

The modification of peptidyl-arginine.


structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.


chlorophyll cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and several chlorophyllide intermediates.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD+ = a 3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADH.


carbohydrate mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of carbohydrate.


lung basal cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature basal cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. A basal cell is an epithelial stem cell.


minus-end specific microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the minus end of a microtubule.


arterial endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an arterial endothelial cell.


voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


decarboxylation-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by decarboxylation of a cytoplasmic substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


sulfuretin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butein 4'-beta-D-glucoside + O2 + 2 H+ = sulfuretin 6-glucoside + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + H+ = phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + CO2.


aromatic amino acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: aromatic amino acid(out) + H+(out) = aromatic amino acid(in) + H+(in).


regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


ATP-dependent activity

A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.


interleukin-23 production

The appearance of interleukin-23 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the widest part of the pylorus that is continuous with the body of the stomach.


regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


(S)-norcoclaurine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde = (S)-norcoclaurine + H2O.


saponin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.


aspyridone B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone B.


Binding to 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate.


response to prostaglandin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on polysaccharides

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by the elimination of an alcohol from a polysaccharide.


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.


provirus excision

The molecular events that lead to the excision of a viral genome from the host genome.


regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


cellular response to butyrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.


specification of mesonephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate).


Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-D-glucuronic acid to N-acetyllactosamine (galactosyl beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine).


positive regulation of aeciospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.


callus formation

The process by which a callus is formed at a wound site. A plant callus is a portion of plant tissue that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells. It consists primarily of parenchyma cells but possibly contains other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate.


regulation of oogonium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


positive regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


diet induced thermogenesis

The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signaling in the sympathetic nervous system.


response to acetylsalicylate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aspirin (acetylsalicylate) stimulus. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with moA cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.


microtubule anchoring at cell cortex of cell tip

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location at the cell tip by attachment to the cell cortex.


cAMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


positive regulation of blood vessel branching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-3B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 4.


response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.


negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis.


pyrene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-1,2-oxide + H2O.


[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] + ATP = [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphate + ADP.


positive regulation of vulval development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


sensory perception of gravity

The series of events required for an organism to receive a gravitational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


entry of viral genome into host nucleus through nuclear pore complex via importin

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where the viral genome passes through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) using the cellular importin transport machinery.


positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA = 5-hydroxythiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA + A + H2O + H+.


mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.


cellular response to dodecane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.


mitochondrial nucleoid organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial nucleoid. The mitochondrial nucleoid is the region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.


pyridoxal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


viral DNA genome packaging, 3' extended cos packaging

The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 3' protruding ends.


detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


acid-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylate + CoA + GTP = acyl-CoA + GDP + H+ + phosphate.


organelle localization

Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


cellular response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


early neuron differentiation in forebrain

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of neurons. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


erythritol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + erythritol = D-erythritol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


pantetheine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantetheine + H2O = (R)-pantothenate + cysteamine.


biuret amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: biuret + H2O = urea + CO2 + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-arabinose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-arabinoside.


cupric ion binding

Binding to a cupric ion, copper(2+).


protein-lipid complex binding

Binding to a protein-lipid complex, any macromolecular complex that contains both protein and lipid molecules.


membrane destabilizing activity

Binding to a membrane and increasing its permeability. This may lead to cell membrane lysis and cell content release.


positive regulation of endocardial cushion cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion cell differentiation.


amine sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an amine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a sulfamate.


negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.


S-glycoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.


response to spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.


negative regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.


regulation of plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis. Plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis is a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


cellular response to caloric restriction

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a of caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.


regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.


glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonate + H+ = CO2 + L-lactate.


protein localization involved in establishment of planar polarity

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a cell that contributes to the establishment of planar polarity.


positive regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimaradien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> oryzalexin E + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, where channel opening contributes to an increase in membrane potential.


d-4,5 unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in an unsaturated saccharide between the unsaturated glucuronyl residue at the nonreducing terminus and the saccharide linked to the residue.


amphid sensory organ development

The progression of the amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes.


thromboxane A2 signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thromboxane A2 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of primary metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response.


SA node cell-atrial cardiac muscle cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


synaptonemal complex organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


adhesion of symbiont to host via host extracellular matrix

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a component of the host extracellular matrix. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


AUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUG codon.


thyroid-hormone transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine = 3,5,3'-triiodothyropyruvate + L-glutamate.


response to antineoplastic agent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antineoplastic agent stimulus. An antineoplastic agent is a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.


nitroalkane oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde or ketone + nitrite + H2O2.


metacyclogenesis

The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of non-pathogenic parasites into pathogenic metacyclic parasites in the Trypanosomatidae species. The pathogenic parasites are known as metacyclic trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma and metacyclic promastigotes in Leishmania.


positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process

The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus.


meiotic cell cycle

Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.


MHC class II protein complex binding

Binding to a class II major histocompatibility complex.


3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid -> 2-methoxy-6-decaprenylphenol + CO2.


2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA 2-C-propanoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + CoASH = pivalyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.


sensory perception of light stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


ajmaline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajmaline.


hercynylselenocysteine synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-selenocysteine + 2 hercynine + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 hercynylselenocysteine.


regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


carnitine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, mediated by transynaptic protein complexes, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


Wnt receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of a Wnt receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a Wnt signal. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


peptidyl-methionine modification

The modification of peptidyl-methionine.