regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.


verruculogen metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving verruculogen.


cardiac muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.


negative regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


histone H3 acetyltransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 = CoA + acetyl-histone H3.


sulfide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide dehydrogenase.


parathion catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.


regulation of myotube differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


mitochondrial polycistronic RNA processing

The conversion of polycistronic RNA transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into mono- or bi-cistronic RNAs.


4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic glucoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


secondary leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the secondary leaflet attains its shape. A secondary leaflet develops by branching or division of a primary leaflet.


keratan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.


regulation of torso signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the torso signaling pathway.


cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the formation of a blood vessel network.


organic acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).


carbon phosphorus lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alkylphosphonic acid = R-CH3 + phosphate. Substrates include aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (forms methylamine), dimethylphosphinic acid (forms methylphosphonic acid), glyphosate (forms sarcosine) and methylphosphonic acid (forms phosphate).


diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


gibberellin A4 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A4 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


maintenance of ER location

Any process in which the endoplasmic reticulum is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


macrophage activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


positive regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


prostate gland stromal morphogenesis

The process in which the prostate gland stroma is generated and organized. The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the extent of cell adhesion contributing to the shaping of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NH4.


detection of wounding

The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the AIM2 inflammasome complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + stigmasterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-stigmasterol.


dorsal appendage formation

Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration.


dihydroceramide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a dihydroceramide = ADP + H+ + a dihydroceramide 1-phosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


limonoid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + limonin = glucosyl-limonin + UDP.


sphingolipid transfer activity

Removes a sphingolipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


ACC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACC codon.


response to paracetamol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paracetamol stimulus.


Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to aneuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


maleate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maleate = fumarate.


intracellular nucleoside homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleosides within a cell.


regulation of organ growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


optomotor response

Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish.


establishment of localization in cell

Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


intestine smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine.


T-helper 1 cell diapedesis

The passage of a T-helper 1 cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein-lysine + protein-lysine = protein N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine + protein. This reaction is the addition of lysine group from one protein to a lysine residue in a second protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine.


negative regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.


UUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUU codon.


arylsulfate sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aryl sulfate + a phenol = a phenol + an aryl sulfate.


maturation of 5S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule.


purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


intracellular chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride across the membrane of an intracellular compartment. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


pilomotor reflex

The reflex process in which the arrectores pilorum (hair follicle) muscles contract and cause the hair to stand erect.


smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body.


cell-cell fusion

A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium.


bacteriocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


emodin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emodin.


aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.


sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-alpha-cholest-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.


regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


cellular response to light stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.


G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity

Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


pre-B cell receptor expression

The process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells, starting with the recombination of an immunuglobulin heavy chain locus, including expression of the surrogate light chain, the association of the surrogate light chain with the heavy chain, and expression of the complete pre-B cell receptor on the cell surface. pre-B cell receptor expression is a key checkpoint in the transition of pro-B cell to pre-B cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimaradien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> oryzalexin D + NADP + H2O.


positive regulation of dauer entry

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.


dicarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


regulation of Hulle cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


placenta development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


extracellular microvesicle biogenesis

The assembly and secretion of a set of components to form an extracellular microvesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that ranges in size 100 nm to 1 micron in size) and exits the cell by budding.


arylformamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + taxiphyllin + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via alternate splicing

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through alternate splicing.


cAMP-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin-glucuronoside = bilirubin + bilirubin-bisglucuronoside.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity

Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+.


sensory perception of humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect some level of humidity in its environment, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


guanylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate.


floral organ formation

The process that gives rise to floral organs. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


response to tetracycline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.


post-embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.


riboflavin reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NAD(P)+ = riboflavin + NAD(P)H + 2 H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ = 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


amino sugar biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


tyrosinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + O2 = L-DOPAquinone + H2O. This reaction can use both monophenols (such as tyrosine) and catechols (o-diphenols) as substrates.


cellular response to lipid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.


low-affinity IgM receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


glutathione S-conjugate carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a glutathione-toxin conjugate <=> glycine + a [Glu-Cys]-S-conjugate.


pole plasm assembly

Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


secretory granule localization

Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


6-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 6-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell fate commitment

The commitment of neural crest cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.


spinal cord association neuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


ulvan lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in ulvan, a carbohydrate composed of a repeating structure of [->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1,4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1->4)-alpha-L-IdoA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1-]n. Continued digest of ulvan with an enzyme that can catalyze this reaction results in ulvanobiouronic acid A 3-sulfate [->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3-sulfate-(1-]n with 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid at the non-reducing end.


sinoatrial node development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.


uroporphyrinogen III biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III.


cerebellum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


negative regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


tRNA 5'-leader removal

Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P.


negative regulation of sclerotium development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


cellular response to trichodermin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.


larynx development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a larynx from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the larynx and ends with the mature structure. A larynx is a continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.


neuroblast division in dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence

The division of neuroblasts in the dorsal region of the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells give rise to embryonic interneuron precursors that will migrate tangentially to the olfactory bulb.


regulation of serotonin uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell.


gamma-delta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


mesonephric renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-keto-nona-2,4-dienedioate.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat modifying activity

A catalytic activity that acts on the RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS). Reversible modifications cof the RNA polymerase II CTD repeats contribute to regulation of RNA polymerase activity.


response to zinc ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of zinc ion.


peptidyl-threonine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-threonine.


general adaptation syndrome

General adaptation syndrome is the set of changes in various organ systems of the body, especially the pituitary-endocrine system, in response to a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological. It is described as having three stages: alarm reaction, where the body detects the external stimulus; adaptation, where the body engages defensive countermeasures against the stressor; and exhaustion, where the body begins to run out of defenses.


adrenal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.


3-HSA hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.


effector-mediated induction of cell cycle reactivation in host

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont reactivates the host cell cycle, resulting in DNA synthesis and host cell division, and contributing to vegetative tumor formation.


tectobulbar tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain.


cholate 12-alpha dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADPH.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.


BAT3 complex binding

Binding to a BAT3 complex.


lipoprotein biosynthetic process via diacylglyceryl transfer

The chemical reactions and pathways by which diacylglyceryl transfer leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.


mesenchymal cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


detection of ethylene stimulus

The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


ciliary vesicle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary vesicle. Multiple smaller vesicles dock to the transitional fibers on a mature basal body and then fuse together to form a larger single vesicle. This then fuses with the plasma membrane and forms the ciliary membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + CTP = CDP-ribitol + diphosphate.


octopamine dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH4.


negative regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse.


galactose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.


The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA or circRNA translation.


long-day photoperiodism, flowering

A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that exceeds the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.


membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential

The process in which SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + prephytoene diphosphate.


cellular response to phylloquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.


alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


mRNA 3'-splice site recognition

Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.


glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = glycerone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylnaphthalene + NADH + O2 + H+ = 2-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.


muscle adaptation

A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


S-triazine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-halo or 1-pseudohalo-S-triazine = 1-hydroxy-S-triazine.


regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.


resolution phase response

An active host response phase of acute inflammation driven by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and signaling pathways, enabling timely tissue regeneration and return of function.


regulation of hormone levels

Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs.


radial pattern formation

The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.


amino acid ligation activity by nonribosomal peptide synthase

Catalysis of the ligation of an amino acid to another amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate, carried out by a nonribosomal peptide synthase.


positive regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


effector-mediated modulation of host process by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host structure or process. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


UDP-D-apiose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapiose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrocatechol + O2 + 4 e- + 3 H+ = H2O + nitrite + 1,2,4-benzenetriol.


norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change.


regulation of lipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.


cell proliferation in forebrain

The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells.


G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor activity

Combining with a chemorepellent and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.


N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate + CoA.


3'-O-methyltricetin O methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-O-methyltricetin = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin.


cellular response to catechin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.


positive regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


regulation of nuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.


histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formate.


protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine

The glycosylation of protein via the O5 atom of peptidyl-hydroxylysine, forming O5-glycosyl-L-hydroxylysine; the most common form is galactosyl hydroxylysine.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.


multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell.


renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


sympathetic neuron projection guidance

The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


benzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + benzoate + CoA = AMP + benzoyl-CoA + diphosphate.


norepinephrine-epinephrine catabolic process in blood stream

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine or epinephrine in the bloodstream.


cinnamate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropanoate + NAD+ = (E)-cinnamate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.


molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


transcription open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


cerebellar basket cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar basket cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar basket cell fate. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


glycosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a sugar + N-acylsphingosine.


uracil dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + acceptor = barbiturate + reduced acceptor.


cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction.


keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.


negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


saponin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.


abscisic acid glucose ester beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: abscisic acid glucose ester + H2O = abscisic acid + beta-D-glucose.


positive regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


oviduct morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the oviduct are generated and organized. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


alanopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2'-iminodipropanoate + H2O + NAD+ = L-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


ceramide transfer activity

Removes a ceramide from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


(25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate binding

Binding to (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.


subpallium cell proliferation in forebrain

The multiplication or reproduction of subpallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


rRNA acetylation

The modification of rRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to rRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.


regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell.


regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide.


inositol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


disruption by symbiont of host cell-cell adhesion

The process by which a symbiont disupts cell-cell adhesion in its host.


negative regulation of turning behavior involved in mating

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


neoxanthin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-violaxanthin = all-trans-neoxanthin.


chaeta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.


urate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


reduced coenzyme F420:quinone oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone = coenzyme F420 + reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is also known as 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-hydronaphthoquinone.


GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.


CoB--CoM heterodisulfide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.


The formylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-formylproline.


protoheme IX farnesyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme O + diphosphate.


regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


negative regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


mesonephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus.


agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation with cellular fusion of a unicellular organism. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


sequestering of mercury

The process of binding or confining toxic mercury ions or atoms such that they are separated from sensitive components of a biological system.


glycolipid transfer activity

Removes a glycolipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. A glycolipid is a compound usually containing 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.


phenylmercury acetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.


regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.


peptidyl-tryptophan modification

The chemical alteration of a tryptophan residue in a peptide.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer to attain its fully functional state. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


[tyrosine 3-monooxygenase] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [tyrosine-3-monooxygenase] = ADP + phospho-[tyrosine-3-monooxygenase].


inferior olivary nucleus maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the inferior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


pulmonary valve development

The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of flocculation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.


pyridoxal oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal + H2O + O2 = 4-pyridoxate + hydrogen peroxide.


AUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUA codon.


trichloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


glutathione transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group.


immunoglobulin receptor activity

Combining with the Fc region of an immunoglobulin protein and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


cellular response to pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


lymphocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6,7-trihydroxybenzothiazole.


glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.


dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


positive regulation of heart looping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.


prephenate(2-) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prephenate(2-).


cellular response to cell envelope stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stress acting at the cell envelope.


NADPH dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + acceptor = NADP+ + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-8-methylthiooctanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(6'-methylthio)hexylmalate + coenzyme A.


acetoacetyl-ACP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] <=> acetoacetyl-ACP + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation by a siRNA.


retrotransposon silencing

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of retrotransposition. Retrotransposons are a subset of transposable elements that use an RNA intermediate and reverse transcribe themselves into the genome.


response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell.


negative regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


cellular response to fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.


glial cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


labyrinthine layer morphogenesis

The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta is generated and organized.


forebrain generation of neurons

The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons.


dTDP-mannose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


tRNA exon ligation utilizing 2',3' cyclic phosphate of 5'-exon as source of linkage phosphate

A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from the 2',3' cyclic phosphate at the 3'-end of the 5'-exon. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in wheat, Chlamydomonas, and vertebrate species including humans.


maintenance of secretory granule location

Any process in which a secretory granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


root cap development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant.


2-hydroxyeriodictyol 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol <=> isoorientin + H2O.


positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


phosphate:acyl-[acyl carrier protein] acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein].


positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.


negative regulation of austinol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.


multiple spine synapse organization, multiple dendrites

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.


positive regulation of bone remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.


polyketide synthase activity

Catalysis of a multistep reaction that produce polyketides through decarboxylative condensation of carboxylic acids. The key chain-building reaction, a C-N bond-forming reaction, involves the generation of the characteristic peptide bond by nucleophilic attack of the amino group of an amino-acyl donor unit covalently bound to a downstream peptidyl carrier protein module (amino acyl-S-PCP) on the acyl group of an upstream electrophilic acyl- or peptidyl acyl-S-PCP chain, catalyzed by a condensation (C) domain. Supplementing these core chain-elongation domains are variable numbers of auxiliary domains that are responsible for modification of the growing polypeptide chain by a small set of iterated reactions including epimerization, N-methylation, and heterocyclization.


pentanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + pentanamide = NH4 + valerate.


tRNA m2,2-guanine biosynthesis

The process whereby a guanine residue in a transfer RNA is methylated twice at the N2 position.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


negative regulation of xylan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.


inner ear receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


rRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyladenine.


negative regulation of endodermal cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell.


otolith mineralization

The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.


positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


solanapyrone synthase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of double bonds in prosolanapyrone II to form (-)-solanapyrone A.


positive regulation of nervous system development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


ATPase-coupled monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monocarboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + monocarboxylic acid(in/out).


snRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an snRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-D-mannose residues in oligo-mannose oligosaccharides.


efferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


GPCR taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of taste.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.


negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


H2O + L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD+ = 2 H+ + L-glutamate + NADH.


dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylethanolamine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylethanolamine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


phytanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phytanate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phytanoyl-CoA.


positive regulation of nutrient release by host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cell redox homeostasis

Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.


interleukin-5 production

The appearance of interleukin-5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cellular response to quercetin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quercetin stimulus.


mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.


cleavage of bicistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs originally produced as a bicistronic rRNA transcript that contains the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with two genes in this order are produced in Archaeal species.


palmitic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmitic acid.


defense response by callose deposition in cell wall

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


positive regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


leucoanthocyanidin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.


maintenance of unfolded protein

Maintaining a protein in an unfolded, soluble state.


negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


B-1b B cell differentiation

The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1b B cells. B-1b B cells are B-1 cells that do not express CD5.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


atrioventricular canal morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an atrioventricular canal is generated and organized.


mannose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.


regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


outer stripe development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer stripe is the region of the kidney outer medulla that lies just below the cortex. The proximal straight tubules (S3) characterize this region.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA + H+.


negative regulation of methanofuran metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.


bisphenol A hydroxylase B activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.


lipoprotein lipid oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.


sulfinoalanine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2.


glycine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + H2O + NH4 + thioredoxin disulfide = glycine + H+ + phosphate + thioredoxin.


positive regulation of viral process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.


negative regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


D-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + O2 + H2O = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


dense core granule priming

A process that converts unprimed dense core granules (DCVs) to a pool of primed vesicles that are capable of fusing with the plasma membrane (fusion-competent) and thereby releasing their contents. Priming typically occurs after docking.


specification of mesonephric distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the spinal cord ventral commissure are generated and organized.


positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


regulation of ERK5 cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.


regulation of secretion by cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.


negative regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


cellotetraose binding

Binding to a cellotetraose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


trinitrophenol dihydride denitratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + NO2. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP and dinitrophenol is also known as DNP.


olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.


dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.


D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate.


alcohol O-decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: decanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a decyl ester.


eisosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eisosome, a cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane and eisosome filaments. The eisosome membrane, also called the MCC domain, is a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain with associated integral transmembrane proteins. The eisosome filaments form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane.


positive regulation of metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


isoprenoid biosynthetic process via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


cellular response to iron(III) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.


negative regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid.


tRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The process whereby a guanine in a tRNA is methylated at the N7 position of guanine.


sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


pentose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pentose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pentose is a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms.


positive regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract.


flavonol binding

Binding to a flavonol, a flavonoid that contains a 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one backbone.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + sinapoyl-CoA = CoA + sinapoyltartronate.


acquisition of desiccation tolerance

The process in which tolerance to severe drying is acquired, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.


D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NAD+ = D-xylonolactone + NADH.


regulation of NK T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.


methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


UDP-glucose:curcumin monoglucoside glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + curcumin monoglucoside = H+ + curcumin diglucoside + UDP.


positive regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.


acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.


positive regulation of serotonin uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.


bract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


sepal formation

The process that gives rise to the sepal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


embryo implantation

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.


muramyl dipeptide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + muramyl dipeptide = ADP + H(+) + 6-O-phospho-muramyl dipeptide.


ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric-enterobactin from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-carboxyvinyl carboxyphosphonate = 3-(hydrohydroxyphosphoryl)pyruvate + CO2.


leg disc development

Progression of the leg imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + N-acetylaminoglycoside.


specification of proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


clearance of cells from fusion plate

The morphogenetic process in which cells are removed from the inner loop of a semicircular canal.


macromolecule glycosylation

The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


negative regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


nitronate monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethylnitronate + FMNH(2) + O2 = acetaldehyde + FMN + H2O + H+ + nitrite.


glycerolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.


morphogenesis of a branching epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized.


acylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


polyprenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.


death receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.


response to ATP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


negative regulation of bone resorption

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.


Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


ear development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


mitochondrial RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the reaction:H2O + N(6)-propanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 3''-O-propanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


nitric-oxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.


response to high light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ATP + bicarbonate = 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxysterol + triacylglycerol = a 3-beta-hydroxysterol ester + 1,2-diacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-dephospho-CoA = 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA + adenine.


motor neuron migration

The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


phenanthrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: taurine + 2-oxoglutarate = sulfoacetaldehyde + L-glutamate.


TMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


iodide oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways by which iodide is converted to diiodine, with the concomitant loss of electrons.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a long-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. A long-chain aldehyde is one with more than 12 carbons.


very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = a very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule.


carnitine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.


proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.


questin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + questin = demethylsulochrin + NADP+.


senecionine N-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + senecionine = H2O + NADP+ + senecionine N-oxide.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


cellular detoxification of sulfide

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a sulfide. These may include chemical modification or transport of sulfide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


cardiolipin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


prostaglandin D receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.


oxaloacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oxaloacetate = acetate + H+ + oxalate.


positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


peptidyl-glutamate ADP-deribosylation

The removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylglutamate.


positive regulation of steroid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.


N-terminal peptidyl-leucine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal leucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-leucine.


alkane transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of alkanes from one side of a membrane to the other. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.


peptidyl-cysteine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-phospho-L-cysteine.


positive regulation of cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


mesonephric smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and NAD+ or NADP+ acts as an electron acceptor.


tricellular tight junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a tricellular tight junction into its constituent components.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde + H+ = 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylceramide + UDP.


regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


glycerophosphate shuttle

The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


beta-galactofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactofuranosides, releasing galactose.


isofucosterol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + isofucosterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22alpha)-hydroxy-isofucosterol + H2O + NADP.


ubiquitin-like protein peptidase activity

An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (ULP; e.g. ATG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO) from target proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


heparanase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.


delta-carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving delta-carotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hygromycin B = 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP + 2 H+.


demethoxycurcumin synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O <=> bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


protein-N6-(L-lysyl)-L-lysine modification to protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine

The modification of an N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine residue in a protein, producing protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine ((2S)-2-amino-6-([(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid). This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


response to acidic pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


carotenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


hexuronate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexuronate(out) + cation(out) = hexuronate(in) + cation(in). The hexuronate may be glucuronate or galacturonate.


positive regulation of immune system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


cholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NAD+ = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.


peripheral T cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + orotate.


protein modification by small protein removal

A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.


xylitol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xylitol = ADP + 2 H+ + xylitol 5-phosphate.


gibberellin A20,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A29 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

A process in which telomerase RNA (TERC) is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, plasma membrane to endosome targeting

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the plasma membrane to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.


lactone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactone.


flurbiprofen binding

Binding to flurbiprofen.


ATP-dependent H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


interferon receptor activity

Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.


regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


ERBB4-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4, followed by ligand-induced homodimerization of ERBB4 and transmission of the signal into the cell by the homodimeric ERBB4 complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


adipokinetic hormone receptor activity

Combining with an adipokinetic hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are protein or peptide hormones that are important for sugar and fat homeostasis in metazoa. In insects, they mobilize sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.


Notch signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


MAP kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.


cardiac muscle cell fate determination

The process involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


extracellularly glutamate-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A which occurs as a result of modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide by the addition of the sugar 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N). This strategy is adopted by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to evade cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by the innate immune system.


T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 1 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that decreases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The polypeptide backbones of glycoproteins and mucin-like proteoglycans are extensively modified with a complex array of phosphoglycan chains that are linked to Ser/Thr-rich domains via a common Man-alpha1-PO4-Ser linkage.


mesenchymal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


positive regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


polysaccharide immune receptor activity

Combining with a polysaccharide and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


in-chain hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an in-chain hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a in-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA.


zymosterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).


lymphocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.


regulation of juvenile hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of juvenile hormone secretion.


regulation of eosinophil activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.


regulation of heart rate by hormone

The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


T-helper 17 cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T-helper 17 cell in response to an external stimulus.


negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.


eosinophil mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by an eosinophil.