name: NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex

description: A dimer consisting of an alpha and a beta-subunit that imports proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


name: tRNA-specific adenosine-37 deaminase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


regulation of transcription by glucose

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.


name: nitrogen catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.


C-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


tRNA guanylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of a tRNA molecule; observed for His tRNAs.


name: TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that typically transports proteins that possess a matrix-targeting N-terminal presequence. The TIM23 complex contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.


name: TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding

description: Binding to a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor belonging to the TFIIC complex, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.


name: biotin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of biotin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


biotin transport

description: The directed movement of biotin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


tRNA import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which a tRNA is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


name: mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which thiamine pyrophosphate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


name: positive regulation of glycerol transport

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: spermine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of spermine from one side of a membrane to the other. Spermine is a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


rRNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.


thiazole biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


name: cysteine biosynthetic process from serine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine.


hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.


alcohol O-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an acetyl ester.


name: acetate ester metabolic process involved in fermentation

description: Any acetate ester metabolic process that is involved in fermentation.


name: high-affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


description: The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


CDP-choline pathway

description: The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.


name: azole transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


azole transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, across a lipid bilayer, across a membrane.


name: meiotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A signal transduction process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during meiosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.


name: regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the process in which a cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.


nitric oxide reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c + nitrous oxide = 2 H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 nitric oxide.


cyclic nucleotide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-methoxy-6-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O + NADP+.


pyridoxal phosphate transport

description: The directed movement of pyridoxal phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.


quinolinic acid transmembrane transport

description: The process in which quinolinic acid is transported across a membrane.


steryl deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from an acetylated sterol.


name: generation of mature 3'-end of 5S rRNA generated by RNA polymerase III

description: The removal of extra uridine residues from the 3' end of a 5S pre-rRNA generated by transcription by RNA polymerase III to generate the mature 3'-end.


xenobiotic transport

description: The directed movement of a xenobiotic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


distributive segregation

description: The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a backup mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over - either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) - but nevertheless segregate normally.


polyphosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate(n) = ADP + phosphate(n+1).


description: An protein-containing complex which catalyzes of the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl group from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a Rab protein. In mammals it is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and associates with an accessory protein Rep (Rab escort protein).


lipoate-protein ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the lipoylation of a protein in two steps: ATP + (R)-lipoate + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP + diphosphate (overall reaction): (1) ATP + (R)-lipoate = lipoyl-AMP + diphosphate; (2) lipoyl-AMP + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP.


name: low-affinity zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Zn2+ = Zn2+, probably powered by proton motive force. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


lysine transport

description: The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol + fatty acyl-CoA = glucosaminyl-acyl-phasphotidylinositol + CoA.


deaminated glutathione amidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-(4-oxoglutarate)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + L-cysteinylglycine.


amide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine(58) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(1)-methyladenosine(58) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases.


name: endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment.


name: fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acid

description: Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.


mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


DNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->6)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->6)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


dihydroxy-acid dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O.


name: positive regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rDNA heterochromatin formation.


hexose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


Vps55/Vps68 complex

description: A membrane-associated protein complex that is required for a late stage of endosomal transport. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps55p and Vps68p proteins.


post-spliceosomal complex

description: A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, including U5.


FAD metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving FAD, the oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide.


dUDP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate).


name: phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is also known as PAPS.


Yae1-Lto1 complex

description: A cytosolic complex that functions as an substrate-specific adaptor, linking the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) targeting complex to apo-Rli1p, an ABC protein involved in ribosome recycling, facilitating Fe-S cluster insertion and the maturation of the Rli1p.


dGTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = dGMP + H+ + diphosphate.


UTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + H2O = UMP + H+ + diphosphate.


dTTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTMP + H+ + diphosphate.


dATP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dATP + H2O = dAMP + H+ + diphosphate.


GTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GMP + H+ + diphosphate.


name: protein-N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[protein] + H2O = N-terminal L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid modification

description: The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidylcholine.


name: succinate:fumarate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + fumarate(in) = succinate(in) + fumarate(out).


fumarate transport

description: The directed movement of fumarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy.


ESCRT II complex

description: An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.


regulation of G0 to G1 transition

description: A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase complex

description: A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate; comprises a small subunit that binds and cleaves glutamine, and a large subunit that accepts the ammonia group cleaved from glutamine, binds all of the remaining substrates and effectors, and carries out all of the other catalytic events.


name: negative regulation of post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of posttranslational protein translocation through the ER membrane.


multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: A vesicle-mediated transport process in which transmembrane proteins are ubiquitylated to facilitate their entry into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs); upon subsequent fusion of MVBs with lysosomes or vacuoles, the cargo proteins are degraded.


cystathionine gamma-synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = cystathionine + succinate.


name: protein deglycosylation involved in glycoprotein catabolic process

description: The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein that contributes to the breakdown of a glycoprotein.


XMP salvage

description: Any process which produces xanthosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt4p homodimer complex

description: A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt4p.


polygalacturonase activity

description: Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans.


pectin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


allantoate transport

description: The directed movement of allantoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cadmium (Cd) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = NDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.


sulfur compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


sulfonate dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.


Noc2p-Noc3p complex

description: A heterodimer associated with 66S preribosomes; predominantly nucleoplasmic, but also locates to the nucleolus; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.


substituted mannan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannan backbone composed of D-mannose unites, substituted with D-glucose and/or D-galactose units.


name: positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.


ESCRT III complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ESCRT III complex.


MutLbeta complex

description: A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS1.


bubble DNA binding

description: Binding to DNA segment that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA.


regulatory ncRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a regulatory non-coding RNA molecule.


name: cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome

description: Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner.


name: regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.


name: poly(U)-specific exoribonuclease activity, producing 3' uridine cyclic phosphate ends

description: Catalysis of 3' exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U), to form poly(U)-N containing a 3' uridine cyclic phosphate (U>P).


U6 snRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U6 snRNA molecule.


ubiquitin-like protein binding

description: Binding to a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein.


spermine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.


triplex DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA triple helix. The formation of triple helical DNA has been evoked in several cellular processes including transcription, replication, and recombination.


pseudouridylate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + uracil = H2O + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.


pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule.


name: diphthine methyl ester synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-[(3S)-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-L-histidyl-[translation elongation factor 2] + 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = diphthine methyl ester-[translation elongation factor 2] + 3 H+ + 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


isocitrate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.


box H/ACA sno(s)RNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box H/ACA RNA molecule.


oligopeptide export from mitochondrion

description: The process in which an oligopeptide is transported out of the mitochondrial matrix. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + an O-glucosylsterol.


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex

description: A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


name: negative regulation of protein autoubiquitination

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


transcription coactivator binding

description: Binding to a transcription coactivator, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


telomerase catalytic core complex

description: The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition.


name: template for synthesis of G-rich strand of telomere DNA activity

description: Provision of the template used by reverse transcriptase to synthesize the G-rich strand of telomeric DNA.


ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.


name: regulation of plasma membrane sterol distribution

description: Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of sterols in the plasma membrane.


name: endoplasmic reticulum palmitoyltransferase complex

description: A complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.


deoxycytidine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


inosine nucleosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inosine + H2O = D-ribose + hypoxanthine.


chitin deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate.


glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


name: telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity

description: Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.


cysteine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + acetate.


cell wall chitin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.


periplasmic space

description: The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall (Fungi and Gram-positive Bacteria).


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process.


vesicle fusion with vacuole

description: The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


name: pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


name: positive regulation of autophagosome size

description: Any process that increases autophagosome size.


name: positive regulation of L-leucine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-leucine biosynthetic process.


name: tRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a uracil residue in a tRNA molecule.


adenine salvage

description: Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


description: The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


name: L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


phosphatidylcholine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


spore membrane bending pathway

description: The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.


organic acid transport

description: The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex

description: One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.


mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species. The complex contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule in yeast (PMID:12045094), but comprises three proteins and lacks an RNA component in humans.


name: SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition

description: The process in which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting.


name: pyrimidine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O2 = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O2 + H+.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.


name: polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3'-end of the target RNA.


name: borate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of borate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


borate transport

description: The directed movement of borate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Borate is the anion (BO3)3-; boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial translation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


name: acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.


name: dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.


name: ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of ornithine carbamoyltransferase.


arginine catabolic process to ornithine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine.


name: regulation of ornithine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


reductive iron assimilation

description: A process in which iron is solubilized by reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ via a cell surface reductase and subsequent transport of the iron across the membrane by iron uptake proteins.


mitochondrial chromosome packaging

description: A process in which mitochondrial chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


description: Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


dihydrofolate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydropterate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + dihydrofolate.


Asi complex

description: A nuclear ubiquitin ligase multiprotein complex located in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) that recognizes and ubiquitinates misfolded INM proteins and also some proteins involved in sterol biosynthesis, during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligases Asi1p and Asi3p.


name: alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


magnesium ion export from mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of magnesium ions out of mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: response to spindle checkpoint signaling

description: A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.


MutLgamma complex

description: A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In S. cerevisiae the complex consists of two subunits, Mlh1 and Mlh3.


meiotic heteroduplex formation

description: During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


FAD diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H2O = AMP + FMN.


name: flavin-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


box C/D sno(s)RNA binding

description: Binding to a box C/D small nucleolar RNA.


alpha-ketoglutarate transport

description: The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


box H/ACA sno(s)RNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small RNA transcript into a mature box H/ACA RNA.


box C/D sno(s)RNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small RNA transcript into a mature box C/D RNA.


RNA secondary structure unwinding

description: The process in which a secondary structure of RNA are broken or 'melted'.


borate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which borate is transported across a membrane. Borate is the anion (BO3)3-; boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals.


charged-tRNA amino acid modification

description: The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.


A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of 4-amino-4-deoxychorismic acid.


An  aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.


mitochondrial degradosome

description: A mitochondrial protein complex with 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity that participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts. In humans, the mitochondrial degradosome is a pentameric complex, and in yeast it exists as a heterodimer.


exoribonuclease II activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.


snoRNA release from pre-rRNA

description: The release of snoRNA from pre-rRNA.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidylethanolamine.


name: hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADPH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NADP+.


name: exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


S-adenosyl-L-methionine transport

description: The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mannosylation

description: The covalent attachment of a mannose residue to a substrate molecule.


sorbitol-6-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucitol + phosphate.


ribitol-5-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ribitol-5-phosphate + H20 = ribitol + phosphate.


alditol phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditol phosphates, any phosphorylated polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


cell wall chitin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


cellular response to blue light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


translational readthrough

description: The continuation of translation beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons.


2-isopropylmalate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H+.


nicotinamide riboside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.


name: rRNA cytidine N-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of an rRNA.


adenine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenine + H2O = hypoxanthine + NH3.


adenine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the 5 main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


hypoxanthine salvage

description: Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


name: positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


cell wall assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells.


name: deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


name: 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans,trans-2,3,4,5-tetradehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


name: positive regulation of RNA import into nucleus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


U1 snRNP binding

description: Binding to a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


name: negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


ferredoxin hydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2.


homocysteine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


acetyltransferase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of an acetyltransferase, an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.


dihydroneopterin aldolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + glycolaldehyde.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


dihydropteroate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.


tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.


name: transcription regulatory region RNA binding

description: Binding to a RNA region within the transcript that regulates the transcription of a gene, cistron, or operon.


CUT catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).


snRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule.


description: Catalysis of the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site.


name: polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.


name: nuclear mRNA surveillance of spliceosomal pre-mRNA splicing

description: The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly spliced pre-mRNAs within the nucleus.


glyoxylate reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NADH.


glyoxylate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


name: plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy

description: The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.


U2-type prespliceosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an U2-type prespliceosome.


regulation of vacuole organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


methylisocitrate lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate.


name: propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle.


prephenate dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: prephenate = phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2.


7-methylguanosine cap hypermethylation

description: Hypermethylation of the 7-(mono)methylguanosine (m(7)G) cap structure at the 2' position of the guanosine residue to convert a mono-methylated cap to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure. This type of cap modification occurs on small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is dependent on prior guanine-N7 methylation.


biotin carboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.


name: para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: farnesylfarnesylgeranyl diphosphate + p-hydroxybenzoate = 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


name: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-allysine + L-glutamate + H+ + NADPH.


tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(10) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(2)-methylguanosine(10) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: positive regulation of phospholipid translocation

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.


small-subunit processome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a small-subunit processome.


name: regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 7,8-diaminononanoate + S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate.


epoxide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving epoxides, compounds in which an oxygen atom is directly attached to two adjacent or non-adjacent carbon atoms of a carbon chain or ring system; thus cyclic ethers.


dethiobiotin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-diaminononanoate + ATP + CO2 = ADP + dethiobiotin + 4 H+ + phosphate.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


description: The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


ascus lipid droplet

description: Any particle of coalesced lipids in an ascus or ascospore. May include associated proteins.


spermidine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


thiaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + H+.


phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine = ADP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine.


hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H+.


thiamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + H2O + H+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NH4.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


mRNA cap binding

description: Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione = 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + phosphate.


name: methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.


name: 3-methylbutanal reductase [NAD(P)H] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD(P)+ = 3-methylbutanal + NAD(P)H + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


name: ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferric-enterobactin from one side of a membrane to the other.


ferric-enterobactin import into cell

description: A process in which ferric-enterobactin, the iron-bound form of the siderophore enterobactin, is transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.


linear primary-alkylsulfatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a primary linear alkyl sulfate ester + H2O = a primary alcohol + H+ + sulfate.


dodecyl sulfate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dodecyl sulfate, commonly found as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a component of a variety of synthetic surfactants.


hexosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a hexosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


ABC-type sterol transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sterol(in) = ADP + phosphate + sterol(out).


mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


name: nicotinamide riboside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.


name: nicotinic acid riboside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.


retromer, tubulation complex

description: The dimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. This dimeric complex is responsible for remodeling endosomal membranes to form a tube-structure to which cargo molecules are selected for recycling. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer. The mammalian complex contains SNX1 or SNX2 dimerized with SNX5 or SNX6.


name: carnitine:acyl carnitine antiporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine (mitochondrial) + acyl carnitine (cytoplasm) = carnitine (cytoplasm) + acyl carnitine (mitochondrial).


name: glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which glycerol is converted into glycerone and NAD+ or NADP is reduced.


name: mitochondrial L-ornithine transmembrane transport

description: The process in which L-ornithine is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


inosine salvage

description: Any process that generates inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


name: nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNP export

description: The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly formed or aberrant nuclear mRNPs docked at the nuclear pore complex prior to export to the cytoplasm.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) hexaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate.


name: diadenosine polyphosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


name: enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine during ribosome biogenesis where the enzyme specifies the site that becomes pseudouridylated without using a guide RNA.


intracellular triglyceride homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of triglyceride within a cell.


name: cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum transport

description: The directed movement of substances from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.


name: DNA 5'-adenosine monophosphate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-AMP-DNA + H2O = AMP + DNA; nucleophilic release of a covalently linked adenylate residue from a DNA strand, leaving a 5' phosphate terminus.


riboflavin transport

description: The directed movement of riboflavin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.


maturation of 5S rRNA

description: Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule.


name: CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CTP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CDP + H+.


name: regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


cell cortex of cell tip

description: The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


name: negative regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light.


photoreactive repair

description: The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.


formate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


name: fluoride transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of fluoride from one side of a membrane to the other.


fluoride transmembrane transport

description: The process in which fluoride is transported across a membrane.


microtubule anchoring

description: Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell.


name: terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids via isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesized by the mevalonate pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-dependent terpenoid biosynthesis, acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, is converted to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


terpenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.


name: positive regulation of transcription from a mobile element promoter

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a mobile element promoter.


dihydroceramidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + dihydrosphingosine.


name: sulfite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sulfite ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


alcohol O-octanoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an octyl ester.


description: The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule

description: A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm.


RNA cap binding

description: Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


name: nuclear membrane fusion involved in karyogamy

description: The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei.


name: phosphatidylglycerol phospholipase C activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + glycerol 3-phosphate.


phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + H+ = diphosphate + thiamine phosphate.


hydroxyethylthiazole kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H+.


name: L-methionine salvage from S-adenosylmethionine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from S-adenosylmethionine.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine.


methylglyoxal catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.


2-methylcitrate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oxaloacetate + propanoyl-CoA = (2R,3S)-2-methylcitrate + CoA + H+.


propionate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.


name: 5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of 5'-adenylyl sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a membrane.


uniporter activity

description: Catalysis of the transport of a single molecular species across a membrane; transport is independent of the movement of any other molecular species.


description: The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


chorismate mutase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = prephenate.


cytosine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3.


cytidine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.


name: positive regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


name: negative regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process.


prespliceosome

description: A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence with specific snRNPs. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the bound snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation. Prespliceosome complexes are not active for splicing, but are instead an early step in the assembly of a spliceosomal complex.


RNA strand-exchange activity

description: Facilitates the displacement of one strand of an RNA-RNA duplex and its replacement with a different strand of higher complementarity.


name: positive regulation of monopolar cell growth

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.


arsenate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the interconversion of arsenate and arsenite.


name: antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other.


antimonite transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of antimonite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation.


name: alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of mRNA

description: Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.


name: eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2 binding

description: Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2, a protein complex involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


pseudouridine 5'-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pseudouridine 5'-phosphate + H2O = pseudouridine + phosphate.


intron homing

description: Lateral transfer of an intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron.


homing of group II introns

description: Lateral transfer of a group II intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group II introns are self-splicing introns with a conserved secondary structure.


movement of group I intron

description: Lateral transfer of a group I intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group I introns are self-splicing introns that use guanosine as a cofactor in the splicing reaction.


snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-methylation

description: The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation.


[4Fe-4S] cluster assembly

description: The incorporation of four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.


nuclear RNA surveillance

description: A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus.


FANCM-MHF complex

description: A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.


name: ATPase-coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


cell wall biogenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


site-specific recombinase activity

description: Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique target DNA sequences.


plasmid recombination

description: A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.


snRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

description: Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


name: modification of synaptic structure, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission via modification of the structure of the synapse.


name: CALY_HUMAN Neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon (sprot)

description: A neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: axonal transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

description: The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in axons.


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane.


dendritic transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.


TEN2_HUMAN Teneurin-2 (sprot)

A teneurin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MYH10_HUMAN Myosin-10 (sprot)

A myosin-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NCAM1_CHICK Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (sprot)

description: A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken.


synaptic vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the synaptic vesicle membrane.


name: CI072_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 (sprot)

description: A guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: Q6IT90_LAMFL Amphiphysin (Fragment) (trembl)


name: G3P_BOVIN Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (sprot)


name: regulation of protein catabolic process at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating protein degradation at the synapse.


name: GRIK4_HUMAN Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 (sprot)

description: A glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GRIK5_HUMAN Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 (sprot)

description: A glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GLRA1_HUMAN Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

description: A glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GRIA3_HUMAN Glutamate receptor 3 (sprot)

description: A glutamate receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GRIA4_HUMAN Glutamate receptor 4 (sprot)

description: A glutamate receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GBRA5_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 (sprot)

description: A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GBRB1_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 (sprot)

description: A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NMD3B_HUMAN Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B (sprot)

description: A glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SCN1A_HUMAN Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha (sprot)

description: A sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: KCNJ8_HUMAN ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 (sprot)

description: An ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TLN2_HUMAN Talin-2 (sprot)

A talin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CAC1A_RABIT Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A (sprot)


name: maintenance of alignment of postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone

description: The process by which alignment between postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone is maintained.


name: postsynaptic spectrin-associated cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of spectrin-associated cytoskeleton and associated proteins in the postsynapse.


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


name: regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.


name: CYFP2_HUMAN Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (sprot)

description: A cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein catabolic process at presynapse

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse.


name: calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


name: NAC1_CANLF Sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (sprot)


name: negative adaptation of signaling pathway

description: The negative regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


mitotic cytokinetic process

description: Any cytokinetic process that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


dauer larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


egg-laying behavior

description: A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.


nematode larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


name: positive regulation of development, heterochronic

description: Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.


name: molting cycle, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle

description: The periodic shedding of part or all of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in the Nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans.


name: regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

description: Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.


name: positive regulation of vulval development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


regulation of vulval development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.


vulval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


pseudopodium

description: A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.


primary sex determination

description: The sex determination process that results in the initial specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


fasciculation of sensory neuron axon

description: The collection of sensory neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


negative regulation of vasculogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


name: eye field cell fate commitment involved in camera-type eye formation

description: The commitment of neurectodermal cells to cells of the eye field and their capacity to differentiate into eye field cells. Eye field cells are neurectodermal cells that will form the optic placode.


Cajal body organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors.


name: negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing

description: A process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by a microRNA (miRNA).


name: blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.


segment polarity determination

description: Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products.


heart rudiment development

description: The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.


cardiogenic plate morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.


name: high-affinity phosphate:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction:phosphate(out) + Na+(out) = phosphate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


serotonin receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


mitotic spindle midzone assembly

description: The cell cycle process in which the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components forms the spindle midzone.


regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


cell-cell recognition

description: Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.


optic vesicle morphogenesis

description: The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


posterior chamber swim bladder

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The posterior compartment of the swim bladder plays a key role in buoyancy control. It is connected to the anterior chamber via the dusctus communicans. Finney et al, 2006.


anterior chamber swim bladder

description: The anterior compartment of the swim bladder is thought to have acoustic resonance properties that play a key role in audition. It is connected to the posterior chamber via the dusctus communicans. Finney et al, 2006.


name: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


name: regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity

description: Combining with an enkephalin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. A enkephalin is a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) involved in regulating nociception in the body.


morphine receptor activity

description: Combining with morphine (17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


lateral line development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear.


neuromast primordium migration

description: The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


neurotrophin receptor activity

description: Combining with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels

description: The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities.


glucagon receptor binding

description: Binding to a glucagon receptor.


serine-pyruvate transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine.


pyruvate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


DNA (6-4) photolyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.


name: 9,10 (9', 10')-carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids at the (9, 10) and/or (9', 10') double bond.


embryonic heart tube elongation

description: The developmental growth that results in the increase in length of the embryonic heart tube. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


name: cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

description: The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


rhombomere formation

description: The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


cellular response to methanol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


guanylate cyclase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase.


rhombomere 6 morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


rhombomere 5 morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of rhombomere 5 are generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


name: posterior lateral line system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated behind the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the posterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The posterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The posterior mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.


name: physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy

description: The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.


bile acid binding

description: Binding to a bile acid, a steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


endosome to pigment granule transport

description: The directed movement of substances from endosomes to pigment granules.


pigment granule maturation

description: Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


cleavage furrow formation

description: Generation of the cleavage furrow, a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate that marks the site of cytokinesis. This process includes the recruitment and localized activation of signals such as RhoA at the site of the future furrow to ensure that furrowing initiates at the correct site in the cell.


pronephros formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pronephros. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


L27 domain binding

description: Binding to a L27 domain of a protein. L27 is composed of conserved negatively charged amino acids and a conserved aromatic amino acid. L27 domains can assemble proteins involved in signaling and establishment and maintenance of cell polarity into complexes by interacting in a heterodimeric manner.


name: negative regulation of muscle contraction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


alpha-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha-adrenergic receptors.


name: regulation of homocysteine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


monoatomic cation homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.


insulin-like growth factor II binding

description: Binding to insulin-like growth factor II.


insulin-like growth factor I binding

description: Binding to insulin-like growth factor I.


glycoprotein transport

description: The directed movement of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of chemokine activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.


name: regulation of microglial cell activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


name: cerebellar Purkinje cell layer structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


epicardium morphogenesis

description: The developmental process by which an epicardium is generated and organized.


name: interstitial cell of Cajal differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an interstitial cell of Cajal. An interstitial cell of Cajal is an intestinal neuroepithelial cell that serves as a pacemaker to trigger gut contraction.


name: cell proliferation in hindbrain ventricular zone

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain region that is adjacent to the ventricular cavity.


tRNA transcription

description: The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template.


name: taurine:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).


name: ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate.


histone octamer slider activity

description: A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA.


regulation of apoptotic cell clearance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.


pigment accumulation

description: The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.


name: cellular response to temperature stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


name: negative regulation of muscle organ development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.