IgG receptor activity

description: Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: positive regulation of type III hypersensitivity

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


response to caffeine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


nuclear glucocorticoid receptor binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to a nuclear glucocorticoid receptor.


name: steroid hormone receptor complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a steroid hormone receptor complex, an intracellular receptor that binds steroid hormones. The complex is often a dimer, and forms after the steroid has bound the receptor.


folic acid binding

description: Binding to folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


folic acid receptor activity

description: Combining selectively with extracellular folic acid and delivering it into the cell via endocytosis.


name: FOLR2_HUMAN Folate receptor beta (sprot)

description: A folate receptor beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


name: positive regulation of hair follicle development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


name: regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.


ovulation cycle process

description: A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


name: KCTD6_HUMAN BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD6 (sprot)

description: A BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


signaling receptor activator activity

description: The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


parental behavior

description: A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring.


GMP binding

description: Binding to GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


name: growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with growth hormone-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: CXB3_HUMAN Gap junction beta-3 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction beta-3 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXB5_HUMAN Gap junction beta-5 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction beta-5 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXB6_HUMAN Gap junction beta-6 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction beta-6 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXA4_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-4 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction alpha-4 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXA5_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-5 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction alpha-5 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXG1_HUMAN Gap junction gamma-1 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction gamma-1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXA8_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-8 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction alpha-8 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXA9_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-9 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction alpha-9 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXG2_HUMAN Gap junction gamma-2 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction gamma-2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXB7_HUMAN Gap junction beta-7 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction beta-7 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXD3_HUMAN Gap junction delta-3 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction delta-3 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXA10_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-10 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction alpha-10 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXD4_HUMAN Gap junction delta-4 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction delta-4 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXB4_HUMAN Gap junction beta-4 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction beta-4 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXD2_HUMAN Gap junction delta-2 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction delta-2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXA3_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-3 protein (sprot)

description: A gap junction alpha-3 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication

description: The process that mediates interactions between an AV node cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the AV node cell communicating with a bundle of His cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


septum primum development

description: The progression of the septum primum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


SA node cell action potential

description: An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell.


name: regulation of renin secretion into blood stream

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.


name: renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

description: Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


foramen ovale closure

description: The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow.


name: regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.


name: cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

description: The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction.


glutamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


synaptic transmission, glycinergic

description: The vesicular release of glycine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glycine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


bombesin receptor activity

description: Combining with bombesin to initiate a change in cell activity.


nitrobenzene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.


name: testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADH.


MHC class Ib protein complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class Ib alpha chain and, in most cases, an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide or lipid antigen. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


name: alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


hemoglobin alpha binding

description: Binding to a hemoglobin alpha chain.


name: regulation of tau-protein kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin. Melatonin is also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine.


melatonin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


diazepam binding

description: Binding to diazepam, one of the most widely used benzodiazepine drugs. It is used as an anti-anxiety-hypnotic agent and has the proprietary name Valium.


neural plate formation

description: The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.


citrulline metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


name: calcium-dependent protein kinase regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein in a calcium-dependent manner.


name: crossed form four-way junction DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA segment containing the crossed form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The crossed form of a four-way junction cannot be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over, and instead contains a single crossover between two of the strands.


open form four-way junction DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA segment containing the open form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The open form of a four-way junction can be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over.


bent DNA binding

description: Binding to DNA in a bent conformation.


DNA geometric change

description: The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases.


name: positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.


name: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


interleukin-12 beta subunit binding

description: Binding to the beta subunit of interleukin-12.


interleukin-12 complex

description: A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.


interleukin-12 alpha subunit binding

description: Binding to the alpha subunit of interleukin-12.


name: IL12A_MOUSE Interleukin-12 subunit alpha (sprot)

description: An interleukin-12 subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


interleukin-1 binding

description: Binding to interleukin-1.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.


interleukin-3 binding

description: Binding to interleukin-3.


IL3_MOUSE Interleukin-3 (sprot)

An interleukin-3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of interleukin-5 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.


activation of Janus kinase activity

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


trophoblast cell migration

description: Trophoblast cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. Trophoblast cells line the outside of the blastocyst.


name: peripheral nervous system myelin formation

description: The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.


laminin complex

description: A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.


laminin-1 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


name: leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity

description: Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: choriogonadotropin hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with the choriogonadotropin hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


luteinizing hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.


name: platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFbeta) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of receptor binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.


ascending aorta development

description: The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


cellular response to chemokine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.


name: regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


name: NR4A3_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (sprot)

description: A nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GP1BA_HUMAN Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain (sprot)

description: A platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NFE2_HUMAN Transcription factor NF-E2 45 kDa subunit (sprot)

description: A transcription factor NF-E2 45 kDa subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SIN3B_HUMAN Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3b (sprot)

description: A paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3b that is encoded in the genome of human.


angiotensin receptor activity

description: Combining with angiotensin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


mast cell granule

description: Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: hepatocyte growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with hepatocyte growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.


alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.


A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.


A methylguanine carrying the methyl substituent at position 3.


name: mannose to fructose-6-phosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways in which mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, is converted to fructose-6-phosphate.


name: glycolytic process from mannose through fructose-6-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.


name: regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


name: post-embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by nitric oxide.


neurotrophin p75 receptor binding

description: Binding to a neurotrophin p75 receptor.


ganglion mother cell fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


sensory organ boundary specification

description: The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.


peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


name: trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.


name: regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the epithelial cells to the mesenchymal cells of the salivary gland.


name: platelet-derived growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with platelet-derived growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to ceramide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


tripeptide aminopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a tripeptide.


name: positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.


ethanol binding

description: Binding to ethanol, CH(3)-CH(2)-OH.


name: positive regulation of lipid catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.


name: activation of store-operated calcium channel activity

description: A process that initiates the activity of an inactive store-operated calcium channel.


intestinal cholesterol absorption

description: Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


neuronal ion channel clustering

description: The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.


name: regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


name: regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


name: regulation of Schwann cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


Schwann cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a Schwann cell from one site to another. A Schwann cell is a glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and is necessary for their maintenance and function.


name: regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

description: Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


name: positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


name: cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: phosphate-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.


retinol binding

description: Binding to retinol, vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. Retinol is an intermediate in the vision cycle and it also plays a role in growth and differentiation.


name: negative regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into a COPII-coated vesicle.


platelet alpha granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.


name: positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


somatostatin receptor activity

description: Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28).


nose morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


histone deacetylase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of histone deacetylase, which catalyzes of the removal of acetyl groups from histones, proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.


name: negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


name: positive regulation of synaptic plasticity

description: A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


nephric duct development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


name: regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.


name: negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

description: Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros.


nephric duct formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


ureteric bud elongation

description: The developmental growth in which the ureteric bud grows along its axis beginning with the growth of the primary ureteric bud and ending when the branches of the bud have elongated.


name: taurine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.


name: beta-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of beta-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.


taurine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of taurine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


beta-alanine transport

description: The directed movement of beta-alanine, 3-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


thromboxane receptor activity

description: Combining with a thromboxane (TXA) to initiate a change in cell activity.


MHC protein binding

description: Binding to a major histocompatibility complex molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).


response to interferon-alpha

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.


regulation of lipid catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.


name: steroid receptor RNA activator RNA binding

description: Binding to a steroid receptor RNA activator RNA (SRA). SRA enhances steroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity as an RNA transcript by an indirect mechanism that does not involve SRA-steroid receptor binding.


name: thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with thyroid-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


forward locomotion

description: Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.


detection of muscle stretch

description: The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


name: positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


podosome ring

description: The ring structure surrounding the podosome core, containing proteins such as vinculin and talin.


nephron tubule development

description: The progression of a nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


renal vesicle induction

description: Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle.


metanephric nephron morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric nephron are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros.


name: positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

description: Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


name: positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


cysteine transport

description: The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


melanocortin receptor activity

description: Combining with melanocortin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


name: positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.


fibrinogen binding

description: Binding to fibrinogen, a highly soluble hexameric glycoprotein complex that is found in blood plasma and is converted to fibrin by thrombin in the coagulation cascade.


name: positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


calcium ion sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of calcium ions (Ca2+).


synchronous neurotransmitter secretion

description: Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that lasts for just a few milliseconds after action potential invasion.


name: calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


T cell selection

description: The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.


(d)CMP kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)CMP = ADP + (d)CDP.


name: L-ornithine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-ornithine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: cationic amino acid transporter 2 isoform 2 (mouse)

description: A cationic amino acid transporter 2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


L-lysine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-lysine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: high-affinity L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: high-affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: high-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: L-arginine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-arginine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: low-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


L-ornithine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-ornithine across a membrane.


generation of ovulation cycle rhythm

description: The process which controls the timing of the type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals.


name: positive regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


laminin-5 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


laminin-3 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


name: structural constituent of synapse-associated extracellular matrix

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.


G-rich single-stranded DNA binding

description: Binding to G-rich, single-stranded DNA.


name: adenine DNA glycosylase isoform hGamma-3 (human)

description: An adenine DNA glycosylase (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9UIF7-6.


name: SLBP_HUMAN Histone RNA hairpin-binding protein (sprot)

description: A histone RNA hairpin-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

description: SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break.


name: ABLM1_HUMAN Actin-binding LIM protein 1 (sprot)

description: An actin-binding LIM protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ABLM3_HUMAN Actin-binding LIM protein 3 (sprot)

description: An actin-binding LIM protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ABLM2_HUMAN Actin-binding LIM protein 2 (sprot)

description: An actin-binding LIM protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ARC_HUMAN Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (sprot)

description: An activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


SH3G3_HUMAN Endophilin-A3 (sprot)

An endophilin-A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CYANAMIDE

A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.


polyphenol

Members of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


APOCYNIN

An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.


SEPIAPTERIN

A sepiapterin with L configuration.


name: UBXN1_HUMAN UBX domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

description: A UBX domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 isoform h1 (human)

description: A receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P21860-1.


name: NRG2_HUMAN Pro-neuregulin-2, membrane-bound isoform (sprot)

description: A pro-neuregulin-2, membrane-bound isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuregulin-1 type III-beta3 (human)

A neuregulin-1 type III-beta3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SEBACIC ACID

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.


dodecanedioic acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is dodecane in which the methyl groups have been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acids.


undecanoic acid

A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series.


S-methylglutathione zwitterion

A zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton for the carboxy group to the amino group of the L-gamma-glutamyl residue of S-methylglutathione.


name: MICU1_HUMAN Calcium uptake protein 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A calcium uptake protein 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MCUB_HUMAN Calcium uniporter regulatory subunit MCUb, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A calcium uniporter regulatory subunit MCUb, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MCU_HUMAN Calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MICU3_HUMAN Calcium uptake protein 3, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A calcium uptake protein 3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MICU2_HUMAN Calcium uptake protein 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A calcium uptake protein 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


pyrazinamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.


GEDUNIN

A pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product found  particularly in Azadirachta indica and Cedrela odorata.


tolazoline

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.


salicylamide

The simplest member of the class of salicylamides derived from salicylic acid.


KUMANON G

A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the root barks of Morus alba and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.


KLKB1_HUMAN Plasma kallikrein (sprot)

A plasma kallikrein that is encoded in the genome of human.


anionic phospholipid

Any organophosphate oxoanion that is a negatively charged phospholipid, e.g. phosphatidylserine(1-), phosphatidate(2-), phosphatidylglycerol(1-).


DEF6_HUMAN Defensin-6 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the DEFA6 gene in human.


cardiolipin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


A myo-inositol pentakisphosphate comprising 1D-myo-inositol having the five phosphate groups placed in the 1-' 2-' 4-, 5- and 6-positions.


BETAINE ALDEHYDE

A quaternary ammonium ion that is nitrogen substituted by three methyl groups and a 2-oxoethyl group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acids like glycine, serine and threonine.


Coenzyme Q6

A ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is hexaprenyl.


name: benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl-threonyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


name: benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-glutamyl-histidyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone


aminoguanidine

A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.


A dichlorobiphenyl that is p-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.


cefaloridine

A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.


A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.


naringin

A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


name: Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol (17beta)-, hydrogen sulfate


ceftibuten

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.


OROXYLIN A

A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.


oxytetracycline zwitterion

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the adjacent tertiary amino group of oxytetracycline; major species at pH 7.3.


amoxicillin trihydrate

A hydrate that is the trihydrate form of amoxicillin; a semisynthetic antibiotic, used either alone or in combination with potassium clavulanate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.


ceftizoxime

A parenteral third-generation cephalosporin, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position.


chlortetracycline

A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.


4-methylumbelliferone sulfate

A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone sulfate which carries a methyl group at position 4. It is a metabolite of 4-methylumbelliferone.


cefotiam

A cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.


cefaclor

A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.


tylosin

A macrolide antibiotic that is tylonolide having mono- and diglycosyl moieties attached to two of its hydroxy groups. It is found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae.


cefdinir

A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.


5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids in which the hydrogen at position 5 of indole-3-acetic acid has been replaced by a methoxy group.


tilmicosin

A macrolide antibiotic with formula C46H80N2O13. It is used for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease associated with Mannheimia haemolytica.


vanillylmandelic acid

An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.


An aromatic ketone that is acetophenone in which one of the ortho hydrogens of the phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.


aflatoxin B1 8,9-dihydrodiol

An aflatoxin B1 compound formed via enzymic epoxidation of aflatoxin B1 followed by non-enzymic hydrolysis.


fenoterol

A member of the class  resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.


trimethylarsine

An arsine that is arsane in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.


1'-acetoxychavicol acetate

An  acetate ester that is chavicol acetate substituted by an acetoxy group at position 1'.


A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of 8-oxo-dADP.


An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the three diphosphate OH groups of 8-oxo-dGDP; major species at pH 7.3.


An organophosphate oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from the phosphate group of 8-oxo-dGMP.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of 8-oxo-dAMP.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 2-oxo-AMP.


An organophosphate oxoanion that is the dianion of 2'-deoxy-2-hydroxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate arising from deprotonation of both OH groups of the phosphate.


acetoin

A methyl ketone that is butan-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.


L-lanthionine

The L-enantiomer of lanthionine.


name: JUNO_HUMAN Sperm-egg fusion protein Juno (sprot)

description: A sperm-egg fusion protein Juno that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PSCA_HUMAN Prostate stem cell antigen (sprot)

description: A prostate stem cell antigen that is encoded in the genome of human.


TECTA_HUMAN Alpha-tectorin (sprot)

An alpha-tectorin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LY6H_HUMAN Lymphocyte antigen 6H (sprot)

description: A lymphocyte antigen 6H that is encoded in the genome of human.


CNTN5_HUMAN Contactin-5 (sprot)

A contactin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LY66C_HUMAN Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6c (sprot)

description: A lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6c that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RECK_HUMAN Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (sprot)

description: A reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: THY1_HUMAN Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein (sprot)

description: A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRFM_HUMAN Melanotransferrin (sprot)

A melanotransferrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


CBPM_HUMAN Carboxypeptidase M (sprot)

A carboxypeptidase M that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD52_HUMAN CAMPATH-1 antigen (sprot)

A CAMPATH-1 antigen that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GP2_HUMAN Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 (sprot)

description: A pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MSLN_HUMAN Mesothelin (sprot)

A mesothelin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LSAMP_HUMAN Limbic system-associated membrane protein (sprot)

description: A limbic system-associated membrane protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NAR3_HUMAN Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (sprot)

description: An ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CEAM7_HUMAN Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 (sprot)

description: A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LY6D_HUMAN Lymphocyte antigen 6D (sprot)

description: A lymphocyte antigen 6D that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OPCM_HUMAN Opioid-binding protein/cell adhesion molecule (sprot)

description: An opioid-binding protein/cell adhesion molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LY6E_HUMAN Lymphocyte antigen 6E (sprot)

description: A lymphocyte antigen 6E that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LY6K_HUMAN Lymphocyte antigen 6K (sprot)

description: A lymphocyte antigen 6K that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NRN1L_HUMAN Neuritin-like protein (sprot)

description: A neuritin-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SPRN_HUMAN Shadow of prion protein (sprot)

description: A shadow of prion protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ULBP6_HUMAN UL16-binding protein 6 (sprot)

description: A UL16-binding protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ULBP5_HUMAN UL-16 binding protein 5 (sprot)

description: A UL-16 binding protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PLET1_HUMAN Placenta-expressed transcript 1 protein (sprot)

description: A placenta-expressed transcript 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LYPD4_HUMAN Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 4 (sprot)

description: An Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LYPD5_HUMAN Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 5 (sprot)

description: An Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LYPD8_HUMAN Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 8 (sprot)

description: An Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LYPD2_HUMAN Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 2 (sprot)

description: An Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OTOAN_HUMAN Otoancorin (sprot)

An otoancorin that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRS41_HUMAN Serine protease 41 (sprot)

A testis serine protease 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MDGA2_HUMAN MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein 2 (sprot)

description: A MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: R4RL1_HUMAN Reticulon-4 receptor-like 1 (sprot)

description: A reticulon-4 receptor-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: R4RL2_HUMAN Reticulon-4 receptor-like 2 (sprot)

description: A reticulon-4 receptor-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CNTN4_HUMAN Contactin-4 (sprot)

A contactin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LYPD1_HUMAN Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

description: An Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LPD6B_HUMAN Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 6B (sprot)

description: An Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 6B that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SACA4_HUMAN Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 4 (sprot)

description: A sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NAR4_HUMAN Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 4 (sprot)

description: An ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NTNG2_HUMAN Netrin-G2 (sprot)

A netrin-G2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TECTB_HUMAN Beta-tectorin (sprot)

A beta-tectorin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TX101_HUMAN Testis-expressed protein 101 (sprot)

description: A testis-expressed protein 101 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ULBP2_HUMAN UL16-binding protein 2 (sprot)

description: A UL16-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NRN1_HUMAN Neuritin (sprot)

A neuritin that is encoded in the genome of human.


NTRI_HUMAN Neurotrimin (sprot)

A neurotrimin that is encoded in the genome of human.


CNTN3_HUMAN Contactin-3 (sprot)

A contactin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PRND_HUMAN Prion-like protein doppel (sprot)

description: A prion-like protein doppel that is encoded in the genome of human.


NTNG1_HUMAN Netrin-G1 (sprot)

A netrin-G1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TEST_HUMAN Testisin (sprot)

A testisin that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-homolanthionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid in which the gamma-carbon atoms of two molecules of L-aminobutyric acid are joined via a thioether linkage. It is a byproduct of cystathionine-gamma-lyase and a possible human hyperhomocysteinemia marker.


name: P3C2A_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit alpha (sprot)

description: A phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1 isoform 1 (human)

description: An NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NGF_HUMAN Beta-nerve growth factor (sprot)

description: A beta-nerve growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TLR10_HUMAN Toll-like receptor 10 (sprot)

description: A Toll-like receptor 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: S1PR3_HUMAN Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 (sprot)

description: A sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


γ-iE-DAP

The gamma-D-glutamyl derivative of meso-diaminopimelic acid. Minimal ligand of NOD1.


name: CTF18_HUMAN Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18 homolog (sprot)

description: A chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RFC2_HUMAN Replication factor C subunit 2 (sprot)

description: A replication factor C subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RFC4_HUMAN Replication factor C subunit 4 (sprot)

description: A replication factor C subunit 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RFC3_HUMAN Replication factor C subunit 3 (sprot)

description: A replication factor C subunit 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RFC5_HUMAN Replication factor C subunit 5 (sprot)

description: A replication factor C subunit 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: DCC1_HUMAN Sister chromatid cohesion protein DCC1 (sprot)

description: A sister chromatid cohesion protein DCC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CTF8_HUMAN Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 8 homolog (sprot)

description: A chromosome transmission fidelity protein 8 homolog that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CTC1_HUMAN CST complex subunit CTC1 (sprot)

description: A CST complex subunit CTC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: STN1_HUMAN CST complex subunit STN1 (sprot)

description: An oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TEN1L_HUMAN CST complex subunit TEN1 (sprot)

description: A CST complex subunit TEN1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


foscarnet

Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.


mandelic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and hydroxyl groups.


amylopectin

A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.


ENALAPRILAT

The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid that is (5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid bearing a single oxo substituent located at position 12.


An imidazobenzodiazepine that is midazolam which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is the minor hydroxylated metabolite of the anesthetic, midazolam.


SODIUM IODIDE

A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.


rivaroxaban

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.


ganglioside GM1

A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.


An 8,9-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 8S,9R-configuration.


Leu-enkephalin

A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.


glycerol 3-phosphate

A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group located at position 1.


mepiquat

A quaternary ammonium ion has that has two methyl groups and a pentamethylene-1,5-diyl group attached to the nitrogen. Its salts are used as plant growth inhibitors.


glucosylceramide

Any of the cerebrosides in which the monosaccharide head group is glucose.


A trienoic fatty acid that consists of heptadeca-5,8,10-trienoic acid bearing an additional 12-hydroxy substituent.


Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.


chlormequat

A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.


orphenadrine

A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.


valdecoxib

A member of the class of isoxazoles that is isoxazole which is substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by phenyl, p-sulfamoylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2-inhibitor, it used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of arthritis from 2001 until 2005, when it was withdrawn following concerns of an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke.


finasteride

An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.


AZOXYSTROBIN

An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine  skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.


edaravone

A pyrazolone that is 2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups, respectively.


methoctramine

A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.


tolnaftate

A monothiocarbamic ester that is the methyl(3-tolyl)carbamothioate ester of 2-naphthol. A synthetic anti-fungal agent used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm.


phenylbutyrate

A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4.  It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.


polysaccharide

A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues.


amphotericin B

A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.


ciclopirox

A cyclic hydroxamic acid that is 1-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6 are substituted by methyl and cyclohexyl groups, respectively. A broad spectrum antigfungal agent, it also exhibits antibacterial activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is used a a topical treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.


cefoperazone

A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.


ICARIIN

A member of the class of flavonols that is kaempferol which is substituted at position 8 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group and in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4', and 7 have been converted to the corresponding 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside, methyl ether, and beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. A phoshphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, it is obtained from several species of plants in the genus Epimedium and is thought to be the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Epimedii (yinyanghuo).


thiostrepton

A heterodetic cyclic peptide, in which the cyclisation step involves a formal lactonisation between the carboxy group of a quinaldic acid-based residue and a secondary alcohol. An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Also acts as an antitumor agent.


ROLIPRAM

A member of the lclass of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one bearing a 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position.  It is a type IV-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor.


TCEP

A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.


TRIGONELLINE

An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


oxybuprocaine

A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.


ramipril

A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.


baicalin

The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis.


amitraz

A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.


acetyl-L-carnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.


quinapril

A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.


quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


name: cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid


dithranol

An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.


indapamide

A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.


epalrestat

A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.


clofazimine

3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of  multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.


doxepin

A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an  antidepressant drug.


SODIUM PERCHLORATE

An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.


megestrol acetate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of megestrol with the carboxy group of acetic acid. It is an appetite stimulant used for the treatment of anorexia and cachexia. Also used for birth control and for the treatment of breast cancer.


EPSILON-VINIFERIN

A stilbenoid that is the (-)-trans-stereoisomer of epsilon-viniferin, obtained by cyclodimerisation of trans-resveratrol.


fenbendazole

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole  which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.


FLAVONOL

A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.


AG 490

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of benzylamine.


laduviglusib

A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2-aminopyrimidine substituted at positions N2, 5 and 6 by (5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)ethyl, 4-methylimidazol-2-yl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups respectively.


exemestane

A 17-oxo steroid that is androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione in which the hydrogens at position 6 are replaced by a double bond to a methylene group. A selective inhibitor of the aromatase (oestrogen synthase) system, it is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.


neflamapimod

A member of the class of pyrimidopyridazines that is 6H-pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazin-6-one substituted at positions 2 and 5 by (2,4-difluorophenyl)sulfanyl and 2,6-dichlorophenyl groups respectively


CARBENDAZIM

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls  Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.


tetrodotoxin

A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.


tubocurarine

A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.


JASPAMIDE

A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer.


beryllium difluoride

The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.


CHLORANTRANILIPROLE

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.


CINNAMIC ALCOHOL

The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.


An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).


pergolide

A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.


ANISOMYCIN

An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.


VANILLIC ACID

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.


astressin

A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.


CROMOLYN SODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.


glycyrrhizin

A  triterpenoid saponin that is the  glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.


seliciclib

2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.


5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide

A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.


droperidol

An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.


EGTAZIC ACID

A  diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.


A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 are replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl, pyridin-4-yl, and 4-fluorophenyl groups, respectively. It is a widely used inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) alpha and beta.


PROPOMOCARB

A carbamate ester that is the propyl ester of 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamic acid. It is a systemic fungicide, used (normally as the hydrochloride salt) for the control of soil, root and leaf diseases caused by oomycetes, particularly  Phytophthora and Pythium species.


ODQ

A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.


procyclidine

A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.


idebenone

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3, by a methyl group at positions 5, and by a 10-hydroxydecyl group at positions 6. Initially developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, benefits were modest; it was subsequently found to be of benefit for the symptomatic treatment of Friedreich's ataxia.


troleandomycin

A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.


phenylbutazone

A member of the class of  pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.


dexamethasone phosphate

A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.


metyrapone

An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.


ethionamide

A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.


Embelin

A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.


tropisetron

An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.


RIMSULFURON

A  N-sulfonylurea that is N-carbamoyl-3-(ethylsulfonyl)pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen atom.


theaflavin

A biflavonoid that is 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzocyclohepten-6-one which is substituted at positions 1 and 8 by (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl groups. It is the main red pigment in black tea.


desoximetasone

Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.


anastrozole

A 1,2,4-triazole compound having a 3,5-bis(2-cyano-2-propyl)benzyl group at the 1-position.


BUTYLSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE

An organic bromide salt of butylscopolamine. It is an antispasmodic drug which can relieve painful stomach cramps (including those linked with irritable bowel syndrome), bladder and menstrual cramps.


omega-conotoxin GVIA

A heterodetic cyclic polypeptide consisting of the linear sequence Cys-Lys-Ser-Hyp-Gly-Ser-Ser-Cys-Ser-Hyp-Thr-Ser-Tyr-Asn-Cys-Cys-Arg-Ser-Cys-Asn-Hyp-Tyr-Thr-Lys-Arg-Cys-Tyr-NH2 with three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 1-16, 8-19 and 15-26. Isolated from the venom of the fish-hunting snail Conus geographus.


cefalotin

A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.


digitonin

A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.


BAYK 8644

A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.


oxymetholone

A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.


hydroxychloroquine

An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.


ergotamine

A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.


hydroxyzine

A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.


ketotifen

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.


A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valine with the amino group of L-phenylalanine aldehyde. It is a potent cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II, and is also a gamma-secretase inhibitor.


methyl pyruvate

A pyruvate ester resultinf grom the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyruvic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol.


S-methyl methanethiosulfonate

A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol.


pentamidine

A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A  trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.


formestane

A 17-oxo steroid that is androst-4-ene-3,17-dione in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group. Formestane was the first selective, type I steroidal aromatase inhibitor, suppressing oestrogen production from anabolic steroids or prohormones. It was formerly used in the treatment of oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in post-meopausal women. As it has poor oral bioavailability, it had to be administered by (fortnightly) intramuscular injection. It fell out of use with the subsequent development of cheaper, orally active aromatase inhibitors. Formestane is listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency as a substance prohibited from use by athletes.


sesquiterpene

A C15 terpene.


ganglioside

A molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids linked on the sugar chain.


prinomastat

A hydroxamic acid that is (3S)-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylthiomorpholine-3-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the thiomorpholine nitrogen has been replaced by a [4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl group. It is a selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14.


leuprolide

An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.


An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.


name: 1H-Benzimidazole-4-propanoic acid, beta-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-, ethyl ester


nimodipine

A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.


PARAROSANILINE

An imine that is 4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine in which both the hydrogens of the methylidene group are replaced by 4-aminophenyl groups. The hydrochloride salt is the histological dye 'pararosaniline'.


chlorphenesin carbamate

The carbamate ester of the primary hydroxy group of chlorphenesin. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


dequalinium

A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group.


dithioerythritol

The meso-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; a sulfur-containing sugar derived from the monosaccharide erythrose; and an epimer of dithiothreitol.


secobarbital

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.


fluorometholone

A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.


furans

Compounds containing at least one furan ring.


OXYPHENBUTAZONE

A hydrate obtained by combining oxyphenbutazone with one molar equivalent of water. Commonly used to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.


bopindolol

A methylindole that is 2-methyl-1H-indol-4-ol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(benzoyloxy)-3-(tert-butylamino)propyl group.


mevastatin

A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.


A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.


RAFFINOSE

A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.


ACETONITRILE

A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.


EUPATILIN

A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities.


mercurochrome

An organic sodium salt that is 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.


trandolapril

A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.


cytisine

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking.


PYRAZINE

A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


bromhexine

A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).


nandrolone

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.


THIOCYANATE SODIUM

An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid.


DITHIANON

A naphthodithiin that is 5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dithiin which is substituted by nitrile groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a broad spectrum fungicide used to control scab, downy mildew, rust, and leaf spot in the commercial growing of grapes and other fruit, citrus, coffee, and vegetables.


DIFLUFENICAN

A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the carbamoyl nitrogen and a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 2.


sertindole

A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.


dexfenfluramine

The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.


arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone

A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group


ISOBUTANOL

An alkyl alcohol that is propan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


ajmalicine

A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C21H24N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia and Catharanthus species. It is a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.


promazine

A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.


A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying a diethylamino substituent at position 4.


brompheniramine

Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.


rifamycin SV

A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.


BUTANOL

A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


tranylcypromine

A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.


nisoldipine

A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.


chlorhexidine

A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.


TERT-BUTANOL

A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


name: hydroxy-2-naphthalenyl-methyl phosphonic acid trisacetoxymethylester

description: An organic phosphonate that is the trisacetoxymethylester derivative of naphthalene substituted  hydroxymethylphosphonic acid. It has been found to inhibit insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and insulin stimulated glucose oxidation.


A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide formed by the formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-methylisoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the 1-amino group of (S)-2-methyl-1,4-diazepane.


N-oleoyldopamine

A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a  transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist.


enzyme inhibitor

A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.


A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.


BRETYLIUM TOSYLATE

The tosylate salt of bretylium.  It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.


cyclobenzaprine

5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


diphenidol

A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4.


cefazolin

A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


EDELFOSINE

A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.


clorprenaline

A racemate comprise of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clorprenaline. It is a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist and a bronchodilator.


TERCONAZOLE

A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.


azosemide

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.


quinaprilat

A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.


(-)-hinokiresinol

A 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pentane-1,4-diene that has 1E,3S configuration. A natural product found in Chamaecyparis obtusa.


ACETOPHENONE

A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.


dexbrompheniramine

The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.


mosapride

A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.


phenacyl bromide

An alpha-bromoketone that is acetophenone substituted by a bromo group at position 2.