fentin chloride

An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a chloro group.  A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans.


sex determination

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


calcitriol binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to calcitriol. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D3.


lithocholic acid binding

description: Binding to lithocholic acid.


vitamin D binding

description: Binding to vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


retinal cone cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell.


retinal cone cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


nuclear steroid receptor activity

description: Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


androgen binding

description: Binding to an androgen, a male sex hormone.


male courtship behavior

description: The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


protein neddylation

description: Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein.


name: negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


anatomical entity

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.


name: late distal convoluted tubule development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


axial mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.


name: camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.


epithalamus development

description: The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.


proximal convoluted tubule development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.


pineal gland development

description: The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.


photoreceptor cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


retinal cone cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. A retinal cone cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


cellular response to BMP stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


perichondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial connective tissue surrounding cartilage into bone.


descending aorta development

description: The progression of the descending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


artery morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.


name: SAMD1_HUMAN Sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

description: A sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ZFY16_HUMAN Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 (sprot)

description: A zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

description: The glutamate receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


name: negative regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


name: mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression.


name: regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


gamma-tubulin complex binding

description: Binding to a gamma-tubulin complex.


name: determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

description: Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.


retinal pigment epithelium development

description: The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


regulation of organ growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


ventriculo bulbo valve development

description: The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


chorion micropyle formation

description: Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.


epithelial cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell.


name: ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


name: anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development

description: The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


trabecular layer of ventricle

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle.


cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cardiac muscle myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a cardiac muscle myoblast cell population. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


angiogenesis involved in wound healing

description: Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


regenerating anatomical structure

description: An anatomical structure that is undergoing regeneration.


muscle organ development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.


negative regulation of growth rate

description: Any process that reduces the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


regulation of muscle hyperplasia

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


regulation of fibrinolysis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


name: neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


name: phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

description: The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves the two-step acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to a phosphatidylcholine.


ether hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ether bond, -O-.


fatty aldehyde

An aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of its corresponding fatty acid, having a carbonyl group at one end of the carbon chain.


glycerophosphocholine

The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health.


name: TM86B_HUMAN Lysoplasmalogenase TMEM86B (sprot)

description: A lysoplasmalogenase TMEM86B that is encoded in the genome of human.


A glycero-3-phosphocholine compound having an alk-1-enyl substituent at the 1-position and an acyl substituent at the 2-position.


A glycerophosphoethanolamine compound having an alk-1-enyl substituent at the 1-position and an acyl substituent at the 2-position.


description: Catalysis of the reaction:acyl-CoA + glycerophosphocholine = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


name: GATA6_HUMAN Transcription factor GATA-6 (sprot)

description: A transcription factor GATA-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: EOMES_HUMAN Eomesodermin homolog (sprot)

description: An eomesodermin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TBXT_HUMAN T-box transcription factor T (sprot)

description: A T-box transcription factor T that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MIXL1_HUMAN Homeobox protein MIXL1 (sprot)

description: A homeobox protein MIXL1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: GSC_HUMAN Homeobox protein goosecoid (sprot)

description: A homeobox protein goosecoid that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: FOXA2_HUMAN Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta (sprot)

description: A hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SOX17_HUMAN Transcription factor SOX-17 (sprot)

description: A transcription factor SOX-17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of proton transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mitochondrial respirasome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of respiratory enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane (including, for example, complex II, complex III, complex IV) to form a large supercomplex.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


female sex determination

description: The specification of female sex of an individual organism.


3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization

description: An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.


mitochondrial mRNA processing

description: Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs.


3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization

description: An mRNA destabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.


cellular response to cell wall damage

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell.


RNA sequestering activity

description: Binding to a specific RNA molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


name: intracellularly gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: peripheral nervous system neuron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.


cerebellum vasculature development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of axon guidance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.


abducens nucleus

description: Nucleus located beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle in the pontine tegmentum, containing motor neurons innervating the lateral rectus muscle of the eye (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533).


optic tract

description: Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF].


brainstem nucleus

description: A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem.


ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus

description: Part of thalamus receiving primary somatic sensory information via the medial lemniscal pathway that projects to the primary somatosensory cortex (adapted from Paxinos, The Rat Nervous System, 2nd Ed, Academic Press, 1995).


sensory perception of touch

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).


name: negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


anterior/posterior axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


cranial nerve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


name: regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


cartilage morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized.


name: skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


pole plasm

description: Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.


name: positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


name: regulation of motor neuron axon guidance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron axon guidance.


eye morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized.


otic placode development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an otic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of developmental growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.


embryonic morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.


BMP receptor complex

description: A protein complex that acts as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); a homo- or heterodimer of type I and/or type II BMP receptor subunits.


central nervous system formation

description: The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


lateral mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


mesoderm morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.


cardiac atrium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.


name: negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.


name: diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


name: THOC4_HUMAN THO complex subunit 4 (sprot)

description: A THO complex subunit 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ZC11A_HUMAN Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 11A (sprot)

description: A zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 11A that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SARNP_HUMAN SAP domain-containing ribonucleoprotein (sprot)

description: A nuclear protein Hcc-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CHTOP_HUMAN Chromatin target of PRMT1 protein (sprot)

description: A chromatin target of PRMT1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PDIP3_HUMAN Polymerase delta-interacting protein 3 (sprot)

description: A polymerase delta-interacting protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: UIF_HUMAN UAP56-interacting factor (sprot)

description: A UAP56-interacting factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LUZP4_HUMAN Leucine zipper protein 4 (sprot)

description: A leucine zipper protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribonuclease inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ribonuclease.


poly(A) binding

description: Binding to a sequence of adenylyl residues in an RNA molecule, such as the poly(A) tail, a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA.


name: regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


lysosomal lumen pH elevation

description: Any process that increases the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


ion channel inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an ion channel.


name: TM175_HUMAN Endosomal/lysosomal proton channel TMEM175 (sprot)

description: An endosomal/lysosomal proton channel TMEM175 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LAMP2_HUMAN Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (sprot)

description: A lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

description: Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


name: VATA_HUMAN V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A (sprot)

description: A V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell.


venous endothelial cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to a venous endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an venous endothelial cell.


response to retinoic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.


otic vesicle formation

description: The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


neural crest cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell.


name: positive regulation of ribosome biogenesis

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


xanthophore differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a xanthophore cell. Xanthophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or xanthosomes. This makes them yellow to orange in appearance.


name: myelination in peripheral nervous system

description: The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


semicircular canal morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized.


Schwann cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.


otic vesicle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


facial nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial ophthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives off nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


rhombomere 4 development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


rhombomere 4 morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


hindbrain maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


nucleus of cerebellar nuclear complex

description: Four accumulations of gray substance embedded in the white substance of the cerebellum, comprising the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus, and nucleus fastigii.


hindbrain venous system

description: A venous system that is part of a hindbrain.


fourth ventricle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fourth ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.


hindbrain morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


neural keel formation

description: The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


rhombomere 4 formation

description: The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


rhombomere morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


name: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus


name: deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform m2 (mouse)

description: A deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q60710-2.


name: deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform m1 phosphorylated 1 (mouse)

description: A deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform m1 (mouse) that has been phosphorylated at Thr-634. UniProtKB:Q60710-1, Thr-634, MOD:00047.


name: deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform m1 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

description: A deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform m1 (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at Thr-634. UniProtKB:Q60710-1, Thr-634, PR:000026291.


A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate oxoanion that is the trianion of 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate, arising from deprotonation of three of the four triphosphate OH groups.


intramembranous ossification

description: Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.


swim bladder morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


name: optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development

description: The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


cornea development in camera-type eye

description: The progression of the cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cornea is the transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye.


reticulocyte

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds.


cranial blood vasculature

description: A blood vasculature that is part of a head.


deSUMOylase activity

description: An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves SUMO from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


name: transcription elongation factor activity

description: A molecular function that stimulates the elongation properties of the RNA polymerase during the elongation phase of transcription. A subclass of transcription elongation factors enable the transition from transcription initiation to elongation, while another class rescue stalled RNA polymerases.


protein desumoylation

description: The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.


plasmid maintenance

description: The maintenance of the integrity of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA; includes processes that ensure plasmids are retained in the daughter cells after cell division.


response to decreased oxygen levels

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.


cardiac atrium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


glycogen binding

description: Binding to glycogen.


name: regulation of glycogen metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.


name: glycogen phosphorylase, liver form isoform 1 (mouse)

description: A glycogen phosphorylase, liver form isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


starch binding

description: Binding to starch.


polysaccharide binding

description: Binding to a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


habituation

description: A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.


L-glutamate transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-glutamate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or a pore.


positive regulation of macroautophagy

description: Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.


name: regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


macromolecule metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


name: regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.


regulation of phosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule.


name: regulation of protein import into nucleus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


name: regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


regulation of protein ubiquitination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.


blood circulation

description: The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


otolith formation

description: The process that gives rise to an otolith. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


name: regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.


uridylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an uridylyl group to an acceptor.


RNA 3' uridylation

description: The enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.


RNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid bbeta-oxidation.


name: angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting

description: The directional migration of angioblast cells as part of selective angioblast sprouting, which results in angioblast segregation into arterial and venous populations.


ear development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


ear morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


chordate pharyngeal muscle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.


sweat gland development

description: The progression of the sweat gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Sweat glands secrete an aqueous solution that is used in thermoregulation.


keratinocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


establishment of skin barrier

description: Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability.


response to food

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.


name: transforming growth factor beta1 production

description: The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


elastic fiber assembly

description: Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


barbel

description: Surface structure which is a tactile structure found in the branchial region. Barbels are covered with epidermis rich in taste buds, and are innervated by branches of the cranial nerves.


helper T cell

description: A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells.


name: regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.


regulation of cytoskeleton organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.


name: angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline

description: The directed movement of angioblasts from the lateral mesoderm to the midline which occurs as part of the formation of the early midline vasculature.


regulation of vasculature development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.


name: endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation

description: The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.


name: cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart rudiment formation

description: The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline that contributes to the initial appearance of the heart rudiment.


name: regulation of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting.


blood vessel lumenization

description: The process in which a developing blood vessel forms an endothelial lumen through which blood will flow.


name: cell migration involved in vasculogenesis

description: The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form de novo blood vessels and tubes.


adenohypophysis development

description: The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


name: negative regulation of cell fate specification

description: Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate.


name: positive regulation of cell fate specification

description: Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate.


regulation of cell fate specification

description: Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.


sensory epithelium regeneration

description: The regrowth of a sensory epithelium following its loss or destruction.


sympathetic ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Hedgehog signaling complex

description: A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila).


pituitary gland development

description: The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


cranial nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


trigeminal nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


vagus nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


glossopharyngeal nerve development

description: Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


adenohypophysis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


muscle cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


abducens nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


trigeminal motor nucleus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


name: regulation of endodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an endoderm cell.


hypochord development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta.


name: positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


short term hematopoietic stem cell

description: A hematopoietic stem cell capable of rapid replenishment of myeloerythroid progenitors and limited self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD34-positive, CD150-positive, and is Flt3-negative.


response to activity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.


NPHP4_HUMAN Nephrocystin-4 (sprot)

A nephrocystin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


angiomotin isoform h1 (human)

An angiomotin (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q4VCS5-1.


name: AMOL1_HUMAN Angiomotin-like protein 1 (sprot)

description: An angiomotin-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: AMOL2_HUMAN Angiomotin-like protein 2 (sprot)

description: An angiomotin-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein glycosylation

description: A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


HYALP_HUMAN Hyaluronidase PH-20 (sprot)

A hyaluronidase PH-20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


slow muscle cell

description: A muscle cell that develops tension more slowly than a fast-twitch fiber.


skeletal muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.


calcium ion import into cytosol

description: The directed movement of calcium ion into a cytosol.


name: cellular response to pulsatile fluid shear stress

description: Any response to pulsatile fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.


larval locomotory behavior

description: Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


name: fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.


name: slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within slow-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The slow-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by slow time parameters, low force development and resistance to fatigue.


endothelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


name: regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


name: regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


angioblast cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells).


name: positive regulation of lymphangiogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3

description: A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human FLT4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


intersegmental lymph vessel

description: Lymph vessel that is located between the somites.


lymphoid system

description: The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP].


name: lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels.


lymph vessel morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.


name: regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


selective angioblast sprouting

description: The segregation of angioblasts into discrete arterial and venous vessels from one common precursor vessel.


microtubule plus-end

description: The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability.


name: negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.


name: inorganic cation transmembrane transport

description: A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


actin ubiquitination

description: The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups.


name: pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch

description: The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).


vasculature of eye

description: Vasculature that is part of the eye region.


urorectal septum

description: The ridge of mesoderm covered with endoderm that in the early developing embryo partitions the endodermal cloaca into the primary urogenital sinus (ventrally) and the anorectal canal of the hindgut (dorsally); the urorectal septum eventually fuses with the cloacal membrane, dividing it into a dorsal anal membrane and a larger ventral urogenital membrane - this area of fusion is represented in the adult by the perineal body[MP].


presynapse organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynapse.


calcium import into the mitochondrion

description: A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


name: negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


name: positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


METHYLGUANINE

A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.


Major microspecies at pH 7.3


name: 8ODP_HUMAN Oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (sprot)

description: An oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule associated complex

description: Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.


CA3 pyramidal cell dendrite

description: A dendrite of a hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell.


cytoskeletal regulatory protein binding

description: Binding to a protein involved in modulating the reorganization of the cytoskeleton.


microtubule bundle formation

description: A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.


protein localization to axon

description: A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within an axon.


multipolar neuron

description: A neuron with three or more neurites, usually an axon and multiple dendrites.


name: interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 (mouse)

description: An interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PROM1_MOUSE Prominin-1 (sprot)

A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 2 isoform 2 (mouse)

description: A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q925P2-2.


agrin isoform m1 (mouse)

An agrin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:A2ASQ1-1.


name: corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 isoform beta (mouse)

description: A corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 isoform beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of AMPA receptor activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


axonal spine

description: A spine that originates from the axon, usually from the initial segment.


dendritic spine membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendritic spine.


AMPA glutamate receptor activity

description: An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.


cellular response to ammonium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.


signaling receptor regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor.


positive regulation of endocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport to plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.


name: regulation of protein targeting to membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


name: regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.


neuron spine

description: A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.


pyramidal layer of CA1

description: CA1 part of stratum pyramidale hippocampi.


dendritic spine maintenance

description: The organization process that preserves a dendritic spine in a stable functional or structural state. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


dendritic spine organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dendritic spine. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


inhibitory synapse assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.


maintenance of synapse structure

description: A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.


associative learning

description: Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).


circadian sleep/wake cycle

description: The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


response to interleukin-17

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


excitatory synapse assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.


locomotor rhythm

description: The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.


glutamatergic neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glutamatergic neuron.


spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

description: Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


hippocampal pyramidal neuron

description: A pyramidal neuron with a soma found in the hippocampus.


glutamate receptor clustering

description: The neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering process in which glutamate receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


neuroplastin isoform m2 (mouse)

A neuroplastin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P97300-2.


name: glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform Alpha-3K (mouse)

description: A glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 isoform 2 (mouse)

description: A glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


phrenic nerve

description: A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium.


tibial nerve

description: The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted].


neurofilament

description: A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.


protein localization to mitochondrion

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.


glycine receptor clustering

description: The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


name: smoothened signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the spinal cord that contributes to the process of a precursor cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


name: medial motor column neuron differentiation

description: The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


visceral motor neuron differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


neuromuscular synaptic transmission

description: The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.


name: establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction

description: The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.


name: negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


name: regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.


ruffle assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42.


name: follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with follicle-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


osteoclast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


osteoblast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.


name: regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


name: positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


name: positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


mitotic cleavage furrow formation

description: Any cleavage furrow formation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


name: microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

description: Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


egg activation

description: The process in which the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm.


cortical granule exocytosis

description: The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a cortical granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. A cortical granule is a specialized secretory vesicle that is released during egg activation that changes the surface of the egg to prevent polyspermy.


proximal neuron projection

description: The portion of an axon or dendrite that is close to the neuronal cell body.


cilium disassembly

description: A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium.


name: regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


fatty acid homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.


outer dynein arm

description: Outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. Outer dynein arms contain 2-3 heavy chains, two or more intermediate chains and a cluster of 4-8 light chains. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.


regulation of cilium beat frequency

description: Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


mucociliary clearance

description: The respiratory system process driven by motile cilia on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract by which mucus and associated inhaled particles and pathogens trapped within it are moved out of the airways.


striated muscle dense body

description: A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere.


tubulin binding

description: Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.


name: negative regulation of motile cilium assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.


name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree

description: A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree.


distal portion of axoneme

description: The portion of the axoneme that is close to the tip of the cilium.


radial spoke head

description: Protein complex forming portion of the radial spoke that is orthogonal to the elongated stalk and which projects towards the central pair of microtubules within the ciliary or flagellum axoneme.


microtubule nucleation

description: The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).


centromere clustering

description: The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters.


name: establishment of mitotic spindle localization

description: The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.


DASH complex

description: A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. The complex forms part of the outer kinetochore, associates with microtubules when the kinetochore attaches to the spindle, and plays a role in spindle attachment, chromosome segregation and spindle stability.


mitotic spindle

description: A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.


cytoplasmic microtubule

description: Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.


formin-1 isoform 2 (mouse)

A formin-1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q05860-2.


maintenance of rDNA

description: Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.


rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

description: Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


RNA folding chaperone

description: Binding to an RNA or an RNA-containing complex to assist the folding process.


name: double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 3 (mouse)

description: A double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. This form is produced by alternative splicing of isoform 1.


name: double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 4 (mouse)

description: A double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. Produced by alternative splicing of isoform 1.


gametogenetin isoform m3 (mouse)

A gametogenetin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q80WJ1-3.


name: nucleolar transcription factor 1 isoform UBF2 (mouse)

description: A nucleolar transcription factor 1 isoform UBF2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


LIAT1_HUMAN Protein LIAT1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the LIAT1 gene in human.


vitreous humor

description: A transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina.


name: positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


name: regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


response to (R)-carnitine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an (R)-carnitine stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-7

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


UV-damage excision repair

description: A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).


name: pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair

description: The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


response to UV-B

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


name: NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-10 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.


name: NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


structural constituent of chromatin

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of chromatin.


poly-ADP-D-ribose binding

description: Binding to polymeric ADP-D-ribose, a polymer that is composed of poly-ADP-D-ribose units linked through 1,2-glycosidic bonds at the ribose ring.


name: HPF1_HUMAN Histone PARylation factor 1 (sprot)

description: A histone PARylation factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1-like isoform h5 (human)

description: A chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1-like (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q86WJ1-5.


name: APLF_HUMAN Aprataxin and PNK-like factor (sprot)

description: An aprataxin and PNK-like factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a single or double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.


name: positive regulation of double-strand break repair

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.


DNA replication factor A complex

description: A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.


name: regulation of nucleotide-excision repair

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleotide-excision repair.


ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

description: A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.


name: regulation of dopamine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


psychomotor behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument.


respiratory system process

description: A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I

description: A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.


cellular response to oxygen levels

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.


MHC class II protein complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.


naive T cell

description: Mature T cell not yet exposed to antigen with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD45RA-positive, and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high and CD44-low.


name: effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative.


name: positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


macrophage apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.


protein targeting to lysosome

description: The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.


name: transitional one stage B cell differentiation

description: The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.


pore complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.


name: regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


mature B cell differentiation

description: The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.


name: negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


activated T cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.


name: negative regulation of T cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


glycerophospholipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


name: activation-induced cell death of T cells

description: A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.


phospholipid transfer to membrane

description: The transfer of a phospholipid from its site of synthesis to the plasma membrane.


name: positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


name: positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


name: positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


name: positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


dendritic cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


proteoglycan sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


germinal center B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).


name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


name: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

description: The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


B cell homeostatic proliferation

description: The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


germinal center formation

description: The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.


epithelial cell of alveolus of lung

description: An epithelial cell that is part_of a alveolus of lung.


response to nematode

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.


T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 2 cell.


establishment of endothelial barrier

description: The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.


prostaglandin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


positive regulation of viral life cycle

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


lung epithelium development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung.


regulation of macrophage activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation.


name: branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.


smooth muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


positive regulation of cell motility

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


lung vasculature development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs.


interleukin-33 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.


club cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a club cell. A club cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.


type II pneumocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type II pneumocyte. A type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.