cellular response to exogenous dsRNA

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.


name: L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other.


L-arginine transmembrane transport

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane.


protein K63-linked deubiquitination

description: A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


nuclear speck organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

description: Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


name: regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


tubulin deacetylation

description: The removal of an acetyl group from tubulin. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


xenophagy

description: The selective degradation of intracellular pathogen or some part of an intracellular pathogen (e.g. viral capsid) by macroautophagy.


positive regulation of xenophagy

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.


name: manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


manganese ion transport

description: The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cellular response to peptidoglycan

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


name: transforming growth factor beta production

description: The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.


name: immune response involved in response to exogenous dsRNA

description: Any immune response that is involved in response to exogenous dsRNA.


name: positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.


name: positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.


name: positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.


name: positive regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.


name: positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.


name: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase.


macrophage differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.


canonical inflammasome complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A cytosolic protein complex that is capable of activating caspase-1.


name: IRG1_HUMAN Cis-aconitate decarboxylase (sprot)

description: An immune-responsive gene 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


chemoattractant activity

description: Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.


animal organ regeneration

description: The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.


X3CL1_MOUSE Fractalkine (sprot)

A fractalkine that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: CX3C chemokine receptor 1 isoform 1 (mouse)

description: A fractalkine isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.


PLF4_HUMAN Platelet factor 4 (sprot)

A platelet factor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


adrenal medulla chromaffin cell

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A cell found within the adrenal medulla that secrete biogenic amine hormones upon stimulation.


name: GFAP_HUMAN Glial fibrillary acidic protein (sprot)

description: A glial fibrillary acidic protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


camera-type eye development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


neural crest cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.


RNA polymerase I activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase I specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyzes DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


migratory cranial neural crest cell

description: Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination.


neuroblast migration

description: The orderly movement of a neuroblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


calcium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


neural crest derived neuroblast

description: A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell.


enteric ganglion

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Either of the two types of ganglia found in the lining of the GI tract: the Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus and the submucosal (Meissner) plexus, which are both small ganglia connected by thin, unmyelinated nerves.


platelet degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.


name: RPGF3_HUMAN Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (sprot)

description: A Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RPGF4_HUMAN Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 (sprot)

description: A Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


blood serum

description: The portion of blood plasma that excludes clotting factors.


urine

description: Excretion that is the output of a kidney.


lumen of esophagus

description: An anatomical cavity that is part of a esophagus.


saliva

description: A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions.


lumen of intestine

description: The anatomical space within the intestine.


small intestine

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong].


pain receptor cell

description: The peripheral receptor for pain. Includes receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. All mammalian nociceptors are free nerve endings.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor.


peritoneal fluid

description: Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity.


kidney granular cell

description: A smooth muscle cell that synthesizes, stores, and secretes the enzyme renin. This cell type are located in the wall of the afferent arteriole at the entrance to the glomerulus. While having a different origin than other kidney smooth muscle cells, this cell type expresses smooth muscle actin upon maturation.


juxtaglomerular apparatus

description: An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP].


seizure protein 6 isoform 3 (mouse)

A seizure protein 6 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q7TSK2-3.


Hsp70 protein binding

description: Binding to a Hsp70 protein, heat shock proteins around 70kDa in size.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

description: Binding to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.


serine-type peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


cobalamin binding

description: Binding to cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


neuropeptide hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.


triacyl lipopeptide binding

description: Binding to a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


receptor decoy activity

description: Binding and sequestering a specific receptor ligand to prevent it from binding to its regular receptor.


heparanase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.


cargo receptor ligand activity

description: The activity of a gene product that interacts with a cargo receptor and initiates endocytosis.


ErbB-4 class receptor binding

description: Binding to the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-4/HER4.


coenzyme A diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction:an acyl-coenzyme A or its derivatives + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 4'-phosphopantetheine. This reaction can also use coenzyme A as a substrate.


peptidyl-dipeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.


name: acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in an acidic environment.


coenzyme A catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


pyrophosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond (diphosphate bond) between two phosphate groups.


pantetheine hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantetheine + H2O = (R)-pantothenate + cysteamine.


lysophosphatidic acid

A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.


estradiol

The 17beta-isomer of estradiol.


name: interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform m2 (mouse)

description: An interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O88786-2.


name: EGF_HUMAN Pro-epidermal growth factor (sprot)

description: A pre-pro-epidermal growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


AREG_HUMAN Amphiregulin (sprot)

An amphiregulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TGFA_HUMAN Protransforming growth factor alpha (sprot)

description: A protransforming growth factor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


BTC_HUMAN Probetacellulin (sprot)

A probetacellulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NRG1_HUMAN Pro-neuregulin-1, membrane-bound isoform (sprot)

description: A pro-neuregulin-1, membrane-bound isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NRG3_HUMAN Pro-neuregulin-3, membrane-bound isoform (sprot)

description: A pro-neuregulin-3, membrane-bound isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HBEGF_HUMAN Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (sprot)

description: A proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3.


name: HEXA_HUMAN Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha (sprot)

description: A beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform 3 (mouse)

description: A vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: Q8R037_MOUSE Secreted CD137 antigen (trembl)

description: A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: CEACAM1a-4C1, signal peptide removed N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

description: A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, signal peptide removed form that is the signal cleavage product of isoform CEACAM1a-4C1 of allele CEACAM1a in mouse and includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine. UniProtKB:Q3LFS5, 35-458, MOD:00160.


name: CEACAM1a-2C1, signal peptide removed N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

description: A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, signal peptide removed form that is the signal cleavage product of isoform CEACAM1a-2C1 of allele CEACAM1a in mouse and includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine. UniProtKB:Q3LFS6, 35-270, MOD:00160.


name: CEACAM1a-C1, signal peptide removed N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

description: A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, signal peptide removed form in mouse that lacks the transmembrane domain, and includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine.


name: CEACAM1a-2, signal peptide removed N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

description: A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, signal peptide removed form that is the signal cleavage product of isoform CEACAM1a-2 of allele CEACAM1a in mouse and includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine. UniProtKB:Q3LFS7, 35-236, MOD:00160.


name: unique cartilage matrix-associated protein isoform 3 (mouse)

description: A unique cartilage matrix-associated protein isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


calcitonin isoform 1 (mouse)

A calcitonin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: ATS13_MOUSE A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (sprot)

description: An a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: A8R0U0_MOUSE Exocrine gland secreted peptide 6 (trembl)

description: A protein that is a translation product of the Esp6 gene in mouse.


name: sRAGE proteolytic cleavage product (mouse)

description: An sRAGE proteolytic cleavage product that is produced in mouse.


name: fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform 3 (mouse)

description: An fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P49772-3.


name: 72 kDa type IV collagenase isoform 1 (mouse)

description: A 72 kDa type IV collagenase isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


renin-1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A renin-1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


A6P7M8_MOUSE Thyroglobulin (trembl)

A thyroglobulin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:A6P7M8.


thyroglobulin isoform 1 (mouse)

A thyroglobulin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O08710-1.


IL1B_HUMAN Interleukin-1 beta (sprot)

An interleukin-1 beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CD14_HUMAN Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (sprot)

description: A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LBP_HUMAN Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (sprot)

description: A lipopolysaccharide-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ANF_HUMAN Natriuretic peptides A (sprot)

description: An atrial natriuretic factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ASM_HUMAN Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (sprot)

description: A sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HPBP1_HUMAN Hsp70-binding protein 1 (sprot)

description: An Hsp70-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PGRP1_HUMAN Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (sprot)

description: A peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S10A4_HUMAN Protein S100-A4 (sprot)

A protein S100-A4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HMGB1_HUMAN High mobility group protein B1 (sprot)

description: A high mobility group protein B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 isoform h2 (human)

description: A triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9NP99-2.


name: A4_HUMAN Amyloid-beta precursor protein (sprot)

description: An amyloid-beta precursor protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL18_HUMAN Interleukin-18 (sprot)

An interleukin-18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ALKL1_HUMAN ALK and LTK ligand 1 (sprot)

description: An ALK and LTK ligand 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ALKL2_HUMAN ALK and LTK ligand 2 (sprot)

description: An ALK and LTK ligand 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


renin isoform 1 (human)

A renin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACE_HUMAN Angiotensin-converting enzyme (sprot)

description: An angiotensin-converting enzyme that is encoded in the genome of human.


KNG1_HUMAN Kininogen-1 (sprot)

A kininogen-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CRMB_VAR67 Cytokine response-modifying protein B (sprot)


IFNA2_HUMAN Interferon alpha-2 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PG204_VACCW Soluble interferon alpha/beta receptor OPG204 (sprot)


name: PG038_VACCW Early protein OPG038 (sprot)


name: PG193_VACCW Soluble interferon gamma receptor OPG193 (sprot)


name: IL18B_VACCW Interleukin-18-binding protein (sprot)


name: TSLP_HUMAN Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (sprot)

description: A thymic stromal lymphopoietin that is encoded in the genome of human.


LEP_HUMAN Leptin (sprot)

A leptin that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL7_HUMAN Interleukin-7 (sprot)

An interleukin-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


vomeronasal sensory neuron

description: Chemosensitive cells that innervate the vomernasal organ epithelium and are responsible for receiving and transmitting pheromone signals.


name: determination of intestine left/right asymmetry

description: Determination of the asymmetric location of the intestine loops with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


determination of left/right symmetry

description: The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.


name: determination of heart left/right asymmetry

description: Determination of the asymmetric location of the heart with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


name: determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry

description: Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


name: determination of liver left/right asymmetry

description: Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


name: G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity

description: Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry

description: Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


migrasome

description: A vesicular organelle that forms on retraction fibers behind migrating cells and mediates the release of cytoplasmic contents during cell migration.


name: CXCR3_HUMAN C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 (sprot)

description: A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CCR5_HUMAN C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (sprot)

description: A C-C chemokine receptor type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleic acid metabolic process

description: Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.


isotype switching

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


magnesium ion binding

description: Binding to a magnesium (Mg) ion.


multivesicular body

description: A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


B cell receptor complex

description: An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


microvillus

description: Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.


nuclear DNA replication

description: The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


cell cycle

description: The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.


protein processing

description: Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


programmed cell death

description: A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.


name: release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

description: The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.


name: cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


DNA recombination

description: Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.


B cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


B cell receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


name: zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of JNK cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


name: positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


exocytosis

description: A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for example of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.


name: receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport

description: A receptor-mediated endocytosis process involved in intracellular cholesterol transport.


lymphocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


name: positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


name: somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes

description: Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.


name: somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments

description: The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.


cell-substrate adhesion

description: The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

description: Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+).


B cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.


isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


response to gamma radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


name: negative regulation of B cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


name: B cell proliferation involved in immune response

description: The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.


name: antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell.


MHC class II biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.


name: negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.


isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


cell gliding

description: Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell along a solid surface.


B cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


plasma cell differentiation

description: The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.


B cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.


lymphocyte homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


T cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


name: CEAM1_MOUSE Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (sprot)

description: A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform x1 (mouse)

description: A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P06800-1. UniProtKB:P06800-4, 3-1293.


regulation of isotype switching

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


mature B cell

description: A B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. Initially, these cells are IgM-positive and IgD-positive, and they can be activated by antigen.


regeneration

description: The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass).


developmental growth

description: The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.


liver regeneration

description: The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.


forebrain development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


ligamentous ossification

description: Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.


calcium ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.


name: negative regulation of cell population proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.


name: regulation of cell population proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.


name: regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


peptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.


ATP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


name: oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

description: Enables the transfer of protons from mitochondrial intermembrane space into mitochondrial matrix, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane established by the electron transport chain during the oxidative phosphorylation (proton leak). Proton leak uncouples the processes of electron transport/proton generation and ATP synthesis.


proton binding

description: Binding to proton.


hepatocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.


cell dedifferentiation

description: The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


Kupffer's vesicle development

description: The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.


splenocyte

description: Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen.


midbrain

description: The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO].


paired fin bud

description: An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP].


blastema of regenerating fin/limb

description: A blastema that is part of a regenerating fin/limb.


retinal progenitor cell

description: A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells.


pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron

description: A GABAergic interneuron located in the cerebral cortex that expresses Parvalbumin.


cortical plate

description: The outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers[MP].


myeloid cell

description: A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.


cerebellum external granule cell layer

description: Transient layer of the cerebellar cortex present during development which is composed of dividing and migrating granule cells[MP].


male reproductive system

description: The organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa.


photoreceptor layer of retina

description: The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside.


future brain

description: The embryonic precursor of the brain.


lens vesicle cavity

description: An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle.


future diencephalon

description: The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon.


extraembryonic ectoderm

description: Layer of the endoderm of the extraembryonic tissue.


hematopoietic stem cell

description: A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119.


glioblast (sensu Vertebrata)

description: An early neural cell developing from the early ependymal cell of the neural tube.


somatostatin secreting cell

description: Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion.


description: A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans.


memory T cell

description: A long-lived, antigen-experienced T cell that has acquired a memory phenotype including distinct surface markers and the ability to differentiate into an effector T cell upon antigen reexposure.


neurectodermal cell

description: Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue.


name: Kit and Sca1-positive hematopoietic stem cell

description: A hematopoietic stem cell that has plasma membrane part Kit-positive, SCA-1-positive, CD150-positive and CD34-negative.


name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell

description: A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage.


endocrine cell

description: A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.


mononuclear cytotrophoblast cell

description: A cell from the inner layer of the trophoblast of the early mammalian embryo that gives rise to the outer surface and villi of the chorion. Mononuclear crytoblasts fuse to give rise to a multinuclear cytotrophoblast.


megakaryocyte progenitor cell

description: The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative).


proerythroblast

description: An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.


acinar cell of sebaceous gland

description: A sebum secreting cell of the skin that secretes sebum into the hair follicles.


monoblast

description: A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. This cell is CD11b-positive, has basophilic cytoplasm, euchromatin, and the presence of a nucleolus.


name: melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell

description: A cell of the intermediate pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone.


primary lens fiber

description: An elongating cell that rapidly obliterates the lumen of the lens vesicle. Subsequently, differentiation of this cell type at the lens equator leads to the formation of secondary fiber cells that come to overlie the primary fibers.


columnar chondrocyte

description: A columnar chondrocyte that differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. Columnar chondrocytes vigorously proliferate and form columns in the growth plate.


supporting cell of cochlea

description: An epithelial supporting cell located in the cochlea.


epidermal melanocyte

description: Any melanocyte that is part of a epidermis.


mitogenic signaling cell

description: A cell whose primary function is to cause growth by stimulating cell division in its immediate cellular environment.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


embryonic brain development

description: The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


adult walking behavior

description: The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


articular cartilage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cellular response to interleukin-18

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: positive regulation of B cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


name: negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


name: signal transduction in response to DNA damage

description: A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell.


CMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.


dCMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.


UMP salvage

description: Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.


cytidine to uridine editing

description: The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.


pyrimidine nucleoside salvage

description: Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

description: Binding to a low-density lipoprotein receptor.


poly(A) RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n)-3'-adenine ribonucleotide. The primer may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.


cytidine

A pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.


DOXECITINE

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having cytosine as the nucleobase.


uridine

A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.


DEOXYURIDINE

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having uracil as the nucleobase.


ammonium

An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia.


ammonia

An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.


name: ACKR3_HUMAN Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (sprot)

description: An atypical chemokine receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CCR2_HUMAN C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (sprot)

description: A C-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXCR4_HUMAN C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (sprot)

description: A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CXCR2_HUMAN C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (sprot)

description: A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endoderm formation

description: The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.


name: C-X-C motif chemokine 12 receptor activity

description: Combining with the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12 to a C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CXCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: EREP1_HUMAN Endosomal transmembrane epsin interactor 1 (sprot)

description: An endosomal transmembrane epsin interactor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PDS5B_HUMAN Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B (sprot)

description: A sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B that is encoded in the genome of human.


chromosome separation

description: The cell cycle process in which paired chromosomes are detached from each other. Chromosome separation begins with the release of cohesin complexes from chromosomes; in budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions. Chromosome separation also includes formation of chromatid axes mediated by condensins, and ends with the disentangling of inter-sister catenation catalyzed by topoisomerase II (topo II).


name: transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase II gene promoter. Messenger RNAs (mRNA) genes, as well as some non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


ATPase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces an ATP hydrolysis activity.


regulation of DNA binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


negative regulation of DNA binding

description: Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


mitochondrial chromosome

description: A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.


name: MORC3_HUMAN MORC family CW-type zinc finger protein 3 (sprot)

description: A MORC family CW-type zinc finger protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NEUL4_HUMAN Neuralized-like protein 4 (sprot)

description: A neuralized-like protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 isoform 10 (mouse)

description: A POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P25425-10.


name: POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 isoform 2 (mouse)

description: A POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P25425-2.


name: ICP0_HHV11 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ICP0 (sprot)


lens development in camera-type eye

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


lens fiber cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.


camera-type eye morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


organelle disassembly

description: The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.


name: epigenetic regulation of gene expression

description: A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or cytosine methylation of DNA. Once established, this regulation may be maintained over many cell divisions. It can also be heritable in the absence of the instigating signal.


enucleation

description: The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus.


visual behavior

description: The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.


lens fiber

description: A region of the lens consisting of packed elongated enucleate cells packed with crystallin.


lens fiber cell

description: A vetebrate lens cell that is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


cell junction

description: A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.


camera-type eye

description: An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid.


epithelium of lens

description: A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye.


epithelial cell morphogenesis

description: The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.


name: establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

description: The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.


name: establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


actin filament organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.


cellular bud neck

description: The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.


name: kidney cortex collecting duct epithelial cell

description: An epithelial cell that is part of a cortical collecting duct.


cell

description: A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.


vestibular dark cell

description: An epithelial cell of the vestibular sensory organ that is characterized by intense enzymatic activities and numerous basal membrane infoldings.


cellular bud

description: A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.


dorsal horn of spinal cord

description: The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO].


name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron

description: A pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron that is recognizable by the straight terminal axonal 'cartridges' of vertically oriented strings of synaptic boutons. Chandelier PV cells' boutons target exclusively the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal cells, with a single cell innervating hundreds of pyramidal cells in a clustered manner.


professional antigen presenting cell

description: A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response.


smooth muscle cell of colon

description: A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon.


intestine goblet cell

description: Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins known as mucins. Human intestinal goblet cells secrete the MUC2 mucin, as well as a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3.


vestibular system

description: The sensory system for the sense of balance.


hippocampal astrocyte

description: An astrocyte that is part of the hippocampus.


type I NK T cell

description: An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK cell markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses specific V-alpha chains. NK T cells of this type recognize the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide in the context of CD1d.


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell

description: Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye.


glutamatergic neuron

description: A neuron that is capable of some neurotansmission by glutamate secretion.


pillar cell

description: A rod-like cell in the inner ear, having their heads joined and their bases on the basilar membrane widely separated so as to form a spiral tunnel known as the tunnel of Corti.


corneal epithelial cell

description: An epithelial cell of the cornea.


Kupffer cell

description: A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids involved in erythrocyte clearance. Markers include F4/80+, CD11b-low, CD68-positive, sialoadhesin-positive, CD163/SRCR-positive. Irregular, with long processes including lamellipodia extending into the sinusoid lumen, have flattened nucleus with cytoplasm containing characteristic invaginations of the plasma membrane (vermiform bodies); lie within the sinusoid lumen attached to the endothelial surface; derived from the bone marrow, form a major part of the body's mononuclear phagocyte system.


lactocyte

description: A milk-producing glandular epithelial cell that is part of a mammary gland alveolus and differentiates from a luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell during secretory differentiation (also termed lactogenesis I). Following secretory activation (also termed lactogenesis II), a lactocyte is involved in the synthesis and/or transport of milk constituents including proteins, oligosaccharides, lactose, micronutrients, fat, hormones, immunoglobulins, and cytokines into the lumen of the lactating mammary gland.


nervous system

description: The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].


decidual cell

description: A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization.


type II pneumocyte

description: A type II pneumocyte is a pneumocyte that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a type I pneumocyte. Thicker than squamous alveolar cells, have a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of surrounding epithelium. The free surface is covered by short microvilli.


placental villous trophoblast

description: A trophoblast of placental villi.  These cells fuse to form synctial  trophoplast - the placental side of the interface between the placenta and maternal blood sinusoids in the decidua.


secondary lens fiber

description: A lens fiber cell that develops from primary lens fiber; located towards the center of lens; cell organelles are normally degraded or in the process of being degraded.


memory B cell

description: A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative.


name: K319L_HUMAN Dyslexia-associated protein KIAA0319-like protein (sprot)

description: A dyslexia-associated protein KIAA0319-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


seizure protein 6 isoform 1 (mouse)

A seizure protein 6 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q7TSK2-1.


seizure protein 6 isoform 2 (mouse)

A seizure protein 6 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q7TSK2-2.


lumenal side of membrane

description: Any side (leaflet) of a membrane that faces the lumen of an organelle.


interleukin-1 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity. Interleukin-1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages and is involved in the inflammatory response.


name: serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine-type endopeptidase.


ATP binding

description: Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


name: aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.


name: riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of riboflavin from one side of a membrane to the other. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.


transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


sodium ion transport

description: The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


zinc ion binding

description: Binding to a zinc ion (Zn).


Rohon-Beard neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Rohon-Beard neuron.


laminin binding

description: Binding to a laminin, a major glycoprotein constituent of the basement membrane of cells.


name: L-serine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-serine is the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


monoatomic anion channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic anion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


alpha,alpha-trehalase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.


name: G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity

description: Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of thyroid hormones from one side of a membrane to the other. Thyroid hormone are any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


name: purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


water channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of water through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


cholesterol transfer activity

description: Removes cholesterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


hyalurononglucosaminidase activity

description: Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.


phosphatidylserine flippase activity

description: Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


phospholipid translocation

description: The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


chloride channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a chloride ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity

description: Primary active transporter of a solute across a membrane, via the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance across a membrane. The transport protein may be transiently phosphorylated (P-type transporters), or not (ABC-type transporters and other families of transporters). Primary active transport occurs up the solute's concentration gradient and is driven by a primary energy source.


name: ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: sodium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


name: calcium-activated cation channel activity

description: Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


name: ABC-type vitamin B12 transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: vitamin B12(out) + ATP + H2O = ADP + an vitamin B12(in) + H+ + phosphate. Vitamin B12 is alkylcob(III)alamin.


cargo receptor activity

description: Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span membranes (for instance the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit the cargo molecules to nascent vesicles.


name: glucose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


potassium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: L-tyrosine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-tyrosine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-tyrosine is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


glycosylceramide flippase activity

description: Catalysis of the movement of glycosylceramide from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Glycosylceramides are ceramides containing a functional group derived from a sugar.


GABA receptor binding

description: Binding to a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) receptor.


name: ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out).


metallodipeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


D-glucose binding

description: Binding to D-enantiomers of glucose.


name: threonine efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of threonine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


angiotensin type I receptor activity

description: An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.


bradykinin receptor activity

description: Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


name: sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


immune receptor activity

description: Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an immune response.


name: organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.


serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


name: inward rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself.


ADP binding

description: Binding to ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


name: G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


name: gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity

description: Combining with gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


potassium channel activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a potassium channel, resulting in its opening.


alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha2-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gi alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


calcium channel inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a calcium channel.


proteinase-activated receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by a serine protease, exposing a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


name: potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of potassium ions (K+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: lactate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lactate from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


glucagon receptor activity

description: Combining with glucagon and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


organic acid:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).


name: copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of copper (Cu) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a ribonucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


ATP transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: thiamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of thiamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


name: G protein-coupled glycine receptor activity

description: Combining with glycine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by changing the activity of intracellular G protein signaling.


name: pantothenate:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: pantothenate(out) + Na+(out) = pantothenate(in) + Na+(in).


name: sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.


phospholipase D activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.


name: carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of carnitine across a membrane. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


name: P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).


sodium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


thrombin-activated receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


thrombospondin receptor activity

description: Combining with thrombospondin and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


ligand-gated sodium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


interleukin-7 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids.


name: nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside diphosphate + H2O = a nucleoside monophosphate + phosphate.


name: ATP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ADP + H+.


name: P-type divalent copper transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).


voltage-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


name: L-proline transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-proline from one side of a membrane to the other. L-proline is pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid.


name: glucose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


NAD+ nucleosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose.


name: calcium:sodium antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).


name: calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + cation(out) = Ca2+(out) + cation(in).


voltage-gated sodium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


name: ATPase-coupled intramembrane lipid transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the movement of lipids from one membrane leaflet to the other, driven by ATP hydrolysis. This includes flippases and floppases.


name: bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-.


name: extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


name: monoamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: pH-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in proton concentration (pH).


name: urate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a fatty acid + sphingosine.


name: calcium-activated potassium channel activity

description: Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.


name: iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: intracellularly calcium-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


dinucleotide phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides.


G protein-coupled receptor binding

description: Binding to a G protein-coupled receptor.


name: organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


gap junction channel activity

description: A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.


name: intracellularly cyclic nucleotide-activated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: sodium:phosphate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


name: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of prostaglandins from one side of a membrane to the other. A prostaglandin is any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


name: fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


phospholipid transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


urea transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of urea from one side of a membrane to the other. Urea is the water soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.


name: superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + O2 = NAD(P)H + O2-.


name: serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + myo-inositol + H+.


name: amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = sphingosine + phosphate.


ceramide kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ceramide = ADP + ceramide-1-phosphate.


sphingomyelin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + ceramide = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sphingomyelin.


name: calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + K+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + K+(out) + Na+(in).


name: choline transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of choline from one side of a membrane to the other. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


name: sodium:bicarbonate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).


name: folic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


name: sodium:iodide symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: iodide(out) + Na+(out) = iodide(in) + Na+(in).


name: high-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of magnesium (Mg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


adenylate cyclase binding

description: Binding to an adenylate cyclase.


name: citrate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


acetylcholinesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.


name: P-type potassium:proton transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).


name: high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


name: carbon dioxide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of carbon dioxide (CO2) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion(out) + solute(in) = inorganic anion (in) + solute(out).


name: voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity

description: Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity

description: Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


ABC-type heme transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + heme(in) = ADP + phosphate + heme(out).


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


serine-type carboxypeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


bile acid:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in).


ABC-type bile acid transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate.


sphingolipid transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of sphingolipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


lactase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose.


name: D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the D-enantiomer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


name: solute:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(out) = solute(in) + Na+(in).


name: sugar transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A sugar is any member of a class of sweet, water-soluble, crystallizable carbohydrates, which are the monosaccharides and smaller oligosaccharides.


name: bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile.


name: sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.


name: L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-ascorbate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


name: dehydroascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nicotinate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nicotinate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.