DESOXYPODOPHYLLOTOXIN

A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.


RHAMNOCITRIN

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of  kaempferol.


phosphorus trichloride

A phosphorus halide with formula Cl3P.


advanced glycation end-product

Carbohydrate derivatives resulting from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. They result in cells becoming stiffer and more prone to damage and premature aging.


hydrocarbon

A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


methylprednisolone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.


TOYOCAMYCIN

An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.


orantinib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.


poly(acrylic acid) macromolecule

An acrylic macromolecule, composed of acrylic acid repeating units.


name: 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-4-(2-(4-((2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)amino)butoxy)-5-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-, dimethyl ester


trichloroacetaldehyde

An organochlorine compound that consists of  acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.


LEPTOPHOS

An organic phosphonate that is phenylphosphonothioic O,O-acid in which the hydroxy groups are substituted by methoxy and 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenoxy groups.


A 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl); major species at pH 7.3.


A pyrrolopyridine that is vemurafenib in which the p-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by chlorine. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Raf kinase B-Raf(V600E).


aldehydo-L-rhamnose

The acyclic form of L-rhamnose.


FLUFENACET

An aromatic amide that is acetamide in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a propan-2-yl and 4-fluorophenyl groups while the methyl hydrogen is replaced by a [5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy group.


A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.


cyclodextrin

A macrocycle composed of five or more D-glucopyranose units bonded via (1->4)-linkages.


A diisocyanate consisting of dicyclohexylmethane with two isocyanate groups at the 4- and 4'-positions.


megestrol

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.


piperazine

An azacycloalkane that consists of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions.


sotrastaurin

A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients.


DEVAZEPIDE

An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9 kinases and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


bitolterol

The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.


CARMOXIROLE

An indolecarboxylic acid that is indole-5-carboxylic acid bearing an additional 4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl)butyl substituent at position 3. Selective, peripherally acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Modulates noradrenalin release and sympathetic activation. Displays antihypertensive properties in vivo.


ipriflavone

A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.


ETHYL VANILLIN

A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group.


BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE

An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.


cilastatin

The thioether resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol group of L-cysteine with the 7-position of (2Z)-2-({[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)hept-2-enoic acid. It is an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I (membrane dipeptidase, 3.4.13.19), an enzyme found in the brush border of renal tubes and responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore administered (as the sodium salt) with  imipenem to prolong the antibacterial effect of the latter by preventing its renal metabolism to inactive and potentially nephrotoxic products. Cilastatin also acts as a leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.


posaconazole

An N-arylpiperazine that consists of piperazine carrying two 4-substituted phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4. A triazole antifungal drug.


(9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid

A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from  pomegranate (Punica granatum).


beta-tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat.


GINKGETIN

A biflavonoid that is the  7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by cyclohexyl, [1-(propan-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]amino, methoxy, and 3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy groups at positions 2, 4, 6 and 7, respectively. It inhibits G9a and GLP histone methyltransferase activity (IC50 = <15 nM and <20 nM, respectively).


latamoxef

A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.


CATHINONE

The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.


A fluoroindole that is 6-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl group (trans configuration). It is a selective inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which directs the conversion of trypophan to kynurenin.


ECDYSONE

A 6-oxo steroid that is 5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 14, 22 and 25 respectively (the 2beta, 3beta, 22R stereoisomer). It is a steroid prohormone of the major insect moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone.


clonazepam

1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.


oleandrin

A steroid saponin that consists of oleandrigenin having a 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl residue attached to the oxygen function at position 3.


AZOBENZENE

The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.


CONIFERYL ALDEHYDE

A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.


name: Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination


IRIGENIN

A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 3' and methoxy groups at positions 6, 4' and 5' respectively.


name: myristoylated autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide


cadmium nitrate

An inorganic nitrate salt having Cd(2+) as the counterion.


high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL).


podophyllotoxin

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl substituent. It is found in the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species and is used for the topical treatment of genital warts.


lentinan

A 1,3 beta-glucan polysaccharide with beta-1,6 branching  isolated from the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes. It has a molecular weight of around 500,000 Da; the exact composition is unknown.


levobupivacaine

The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


MAGNESIUM CARBONATE

A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.


A nitrosamine that is iminodiacetone that is substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It induces pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters (other rodents are not susceptible).


phlorizin chalcone

A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 4' and 6 and a  beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 2' respectively.


name: 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester


GGTI-2133 free base

An N-acyl-L-amino acid obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{[(imidazol-4-yl)methyl]amino}-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)benzoic acid with the amino group of L-leucine. An inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I.


3-methylglutaric acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid substituted at position 3 by a methyl group.


ferrichrome

A member of the class of ferrichromes that is an iron(III) chelate of a homodetic cyclic peptide made up of a tripeptide of glycine and a tripeptide of N(4)-acetyl-N(4)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


name: 2,4-Pentadienoic acid, 3-methyl-5-(2-(2-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)ethenyl)-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (E,E,E)-


name: 1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a-octahydro-6-methoxy-1-methylbenz(g)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine amide


allyl methyl disulfide

An  organic disulfide having allyl and methyl as the two organic groups.


fluopimomide

A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methanamine. It is a benzamide fungicide, synthesized by Shandong Sino-Agri United Biotechnology Co., Ltd (China). Used for the control of cucumber and grape downy mildew, phytophthora capsici, litchi downy blight, potato late blight, rice sheath blight, and cotton rhizoctonia solani.


kuwanon H

A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the plant species of the genus Morus.


artemether

An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


aminoquinoline

Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups.


BENZ(B)ANTHRACENE

An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


MOLINATE

A member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies.


Ro 25-6981

A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.


HYMEXAZOL

A member of the class of isoxazoles carrying hydroxy and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively. It is used worldwide as a systemic soil and seed fungicide for the control of diseases caused by Fusarium, Aphanomyces, Pythium, and Corticium spp. in rice, sugarbeet, fodderbeet, vegetables, cucurbits, and ornamentals.


A primary amino compound consisting of ethylamine having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 2-position.


suprofen

An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.


octhilinone

A member of the class of 1,2-thiazole that is 1,2-thiazol-3-one substituted on the nitrogen (position 2) by an octyl group. A fungicide and antibacterial agent, it is used for treatment of canker and other fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit trees. It is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


cholinesterase reactivator

A drug used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates.


ioxaglic acid

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.


DIHYDROKAEMPFEROL

A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.


oligomycin B

An oligomycin with formula C45H72O12 that is oligomycin A in which the spirocyclic ring bearing the 2-hydroxypropyl substituent has been substituted by an oxo group at the carbon which is directly attached to the spirocentre. It is a nonselective inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


4-nitrobenzyl bromide

A C-nitro compound that consists of nitrobenzene bearing a bromomethyl substituent at the para-position.


A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linolenic acid.


LAWSONE

1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2.  It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.


MYRCENE

A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


TOFA

A member of the class of furans that is 2-furoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a tetradecyloxy group.


candoxatrilat

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure.


A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).


niraparib

A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.


A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol in which one of the meta-hydroxy groups is converted to the corresponding methyl ether.


An ergostanoid that is (22E)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.


AGRIMONIIN

A dimeric hydrolysable tannin in which 2 moles of potentillin monomer are linked via a dehydrogalloyl group; an antitumor tannin of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., which induces interleukin-1.


roxadustat

An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).


name: N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid dimethyl ester


CYCLOHEXANE

An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.


aloxistatin

An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.


tolvaptan

A member of the class of benzazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine substituted by 2-methyl-4-(2-methylbenzamido)benzoyl, hydroxy, and chloro groups at positions 1, 5, and 7, respectively.


tyrphostin AG 825

An organic sulfide that consists of  1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur atom is replaced by a 5-[(1E)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl group. It acts as an  epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist.


methdilazine

A phenothiazine substituted on nitrogen by a (1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl group; a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties.


A member of the class of isoxazoles that is the carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl hydrogen carbonate with the amino group of 3-({[4-(4-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl}sulfanyl)propanoic acid.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).


imiprothrin

Mixture of 20% (1R)-cis- (CHEBI:39372) and 80% (1R)-trans- (CHEBI:39373) isomers.


AMPHOTERICIN B ME ESTER

The methyl ester of amphotericin B.


chlorquinaldol

A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by chlorine at positions 5 and 7. An antifungal and antibacterial, it was formerly used for topical treatment of skin conditions and vaginal infections.


Any carbohydrate derivative that consists of glycan moieties covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide.


A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by a [6-(methylamino)-3-nitropyridin-2-yl]amino group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of heat shock factor 1 (IC50 = 1.2muM) and suppresses tumour growth in mouse xenograft models.


name: {2-[6-(2-Acetylamino-benzothiazol-4-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl}carbamic acid tert-butyl ester


methohexital

A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.


N-octanoylsphingosine

An N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-2-cyano-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 3-phenylpropylamine.


cyanuric chloride

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.


rasagiline

An indane that consists of 1-aminoindane bearing an N-propargyl substituent. A selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor.


miglustat

A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.


estramustine

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.


N-butylbenzenesulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by a butyl group at the nitrogen atom. It has been isolated from the plant Prunus africana and has been shown to exhibit antiandrogenic activity.


An indolamine carrying an amino group at position 5.


marimastat

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.


verbascose

A pentasaccharide that is stachiose which has an additional unit of alpha-D-galactopyranose attached by a 1->6 glycosidic linkage to the terminal galactosyl residue.


A dihydroxyflavone that is  chrysin substituted by a prenyl group at position 6.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of O-phospho-D-serine with the amino group of m-octylaniline. An analogue of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), it is a potent antagonist for both S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. It can inhibit S1P-induced migration of thyroid cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells, and neural stem cells.


SULFURIC ACID

A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.


tazarotene

The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of  psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.


m-tolualdehyde

A tolualdehyde compound with the methyl substituent at the 3-position.


A very long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group.


4-methylumbelliferyl acetate

An acetate ester consiting of umbelliferone carrying a 7-O-acetyl group.


4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol

A member of the class of benzyl alcohols in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring of benzyl alcohol has been replaced by an isopropyl group.


CAMALEXIN

An indole phytoalexin that is indole substituted at position 3 by a 1,3-thiazol-2-yl group.


lincomycin

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.


ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous)

A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.


pancuronium

A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.


ZM 323881

A member of the class of quinazolines carrying 2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-hydroxyanilino and benzyloxy substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively.


lorcaserin

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.


anagrelide

A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.


malic acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


methylmalonic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.


[Met]enkephalin

A peptide zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino terminus of Met-enkephalin. Major species at pH 7.3.


name: 2-methyl-3-(2-((4-nitrooxybutyloxy)carbonyl)vinyl)phenyl ursodeoxycholic acid ester


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as octanoyl.


propylbenzene

An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.


ergosine

An  ergot alkaloid isolated from the fungus Epichloe typhina.


TRIDECANE

A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus.


SOYASAPONIN I

A triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having an alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage.


APIGETRIN

A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


riddelliine N-oxide

A pyrrolizine alkaloid that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionane bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 12 and 18, two additional oxo groups at positions 11 and 16 and an N-oxido substituent.


bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of adipic acid with 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. It is used as a plasticiser in the preparation of various polymers.


naphthols

Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.


A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and 1,2-diaminobenzene.


castor oil

A mixture of triglycerides obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis. The major component is triricinolein. Typical fatty acid composition on hydrolysis is 87% ricinoleic acid, 7% oleic acid, 3% linoleic acid, 2% palmitic acid, 1% stearic acid, and trace amounts of dihydroxystearic acid.


emedastine

1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis.


apremilast

A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole-1,3-dione substituted at position 4 by an acetamido group and at position 1 by a 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl group. Used for treatment of psoriatic arthritis.


prostaglandin D3

A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,13E,15S,17Z-stereoisomer).


SORBIC ACID

A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.


colesevelam

A polyallylamine cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and alkylated with 1-bromodecane and 6-bromohexyltrimethylammonium bromide. It is used as its hydrochloride as an orally administered bile acid sequestrant to reduce the amount of cholesterol and certain fatty substances in the blood.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, 5, and 6.


A mononitronaphthalene carrying a nitro group at position 2.


PENTOLINIUM TARTRATE

The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.


An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1H-indole which is ortho-fused to a 2H-1-benzothiopyran group at positions 2-3. It is an inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase that limits atherosclerotic lesion development in rabbits.


An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine 1-oxide. It is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4).


ERGOSTEROL PEROXIDE

An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.


name: 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl amide


clopenthixol

A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.


AMINOPHYLLINE

A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.


name: N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-(((3-methylphenyl) methyl)oxy)-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide hydrochloride salt


trimellitic acid

Benzene substituted at the 1,2, and 4 positions by carboxy groups.


A member of the class of hydroxyindoles that is 1H-indole substituted by hydroxy, 5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl, and cyano groups at positions 2, 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent, brain permeable inhibitor of human GSK3alpha and GSK3beta with Ki of 6.9 nM and 31 nM, respectively. The drug was being developed by AstraZeneca for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (clinical trial now discontinued).


A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z  geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.


O,O'-DIMETHYLCAFFEIC ACID

A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.


TETRAZOLIUM VIOLET

An organic chloride salt having tetrazolium violet(1+) as the counterion.


Cellulose, microcrystalline

A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan (cellulose) in crystalline form with a structure consisting of several hundred to over ten thousand D-glucose residues joined by beta(1->4) glycosidic linkages.


A hydroxamic acid that is biphenyl-4-amine bearing N-hydroxy and N-acetyl substituents.


betamethasone valerate

A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.


GALLIC ACID METHYL ESTER

A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.


KAEMPFERIDE

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.


dihydroergotamine

Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.


esketamine

The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine.


benzaldehydes

Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.


HIPPURIC ACID

An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.


PHENMEDIPHAM

A carbamate ester that is (3-methylphenyl)carbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group.


An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.


spiramycin II

A macrolide antibiotic produced by various Streptomyces species.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.


ISOPROTHIOLANE

A malonate ester that is diisopropyl malonate in which the two methylene hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by a 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene group. An insecticide and fungicide used to control a range of diseases including Pyricularia oryzae, Helminthosporium sigmoideum and Fusarium nivale.


bifonazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.


sulfinamide glutathione(1-)

A sulfinamide glutathione peptide anion; major species at pH 7.3.


α-humulene

The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.


ORCINOL

A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.


4-NITROBENZOIC ACID

A nitrobenzoic acid having the nitro group at the 4-position.


PD 158780

A pyridopyrimidine that is pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine in which the amino groups at positions 4 and 6 are substituted by a m-bromophenyl group and a methyl group, respectively.  It is a potent, cell-permeable, reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity [IC50 values of 0.008, 49 and 52 nM for EGFR, ErbB2 (HER2) and Erb4 (HER4)]. It does not inhibit FGF or PDGF-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. Induces G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF10A cells and is antiproliferative in A431 human epidermal carcinoma cells.


name: mineral acids, trace elements, water, drug combination


A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.


indisulam

A chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development.


IPROBENFOS

An organic thiophosphate that is the S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl ester of phosphorothioic acid. Used as a rice fungicide to control leaf and ear blast, stem rot and sheath blight.


FUMONISIN B2

A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).


name: Morpholine urea-phenylalanyl-homophenylalanine methyl fluoride


capsiate

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (6E)-8-methylnon-6-enoic acid with the benzylic hydroxy group of vanillyl alcohol. A non-pungent analogue of capsaicin with a similar biological profile.


benzamidine

A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.


DABCO

An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.


azapropazone

A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.


A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol bearing a phenoxy substituent at C-3. It is a metbaolite of the insecticide permethrin.


naftifine

A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.


trifluridine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.


inamrinone

A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.


The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


potassium phosphate

An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.


VIOLACEIN

A member of the class of hydroxyindoles resulting from the formal oxidative coupling between the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, which is substituted at the 5 position by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group, where the newly-formed double bond has E configuration. It is a purple chromobacterial pigment that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoan, and anticancer properties.


POTASSIUM FLUORIDE

A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.


doxapram

A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.


PARAHYDROXYBENZYL ALCOHOL

A member of the class of  benzyl alcohols that is  benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung.


A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).


Ro 48-8071

An aromatic ketone that is 2-fluoro-4'-bromobenzophenone in which the hydrogen at position 4 (meta to the fluoro group) is replaced by a 6-[methyl(prop-2-en-1-yl)amino]hexyl}oxy group. An inhibitor of lanosterol synthase.


thionitrous acid

A nitroso compound that is hydrogen sulfide in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitroso group.


DIETHYLAMINE

A secondary aliphatic amine where both N-substituents are ethyl.


salicin

An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is salicyl alcohol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


diphenylpyraline

A member of the class of  piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.


procyanidin

oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules. They yield cyanidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions.


fluorohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms.


azaribine

A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.


PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE

A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


A DiHDPA obtained by formal dihydroxylation of the 19,20-double bond of docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid.


tafamidis

A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as its meglumine salt) for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis.


fumonisin

A family of toxins produced by several species of Fusarium moulds which occur mainly in maize.


ZARDAVERINE

A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group.  It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.


name: 4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl ester


periciazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.


all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinoic acid

A retinoid obtained by 3,4-desaturation of beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinoic acid


CITRONELLYL ACETATE

A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of citronellol. It has been isolated from Citrus hystrix.


ganglioside GM2 (18:0)

A  sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.


HINOKITIOL

A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.


blebbistatin

A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II.


azure B

An organic chloride salt having 3-(dimethylamino)-7-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining and is an active metabolite of methylene blue.


ninhydrin

A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 4, 6 and 7 by a (4-benzamidophenyl)nitrilo group, methoxy group and a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy group, respectively. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Aurora A and Aurora B kinases with IC50 of 110 nM and 130 nM, respectively.


diethyl fumarate

A dieter obtained by the formal condensation of fumaric acid with ethanol.


N,N'-diphenylthiourea

Thiourea in which each nitrogen carries a phenyl substituent.


A tertiary amino compound that is piperazine substituted by a benzyl group at position 1. It is a  serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.


PALMITOYL DOPAMINE

A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of dopamine. It is present as an endogenous compound in the mammalian brain.


triplatin tetranitrate

A trinuclear platinum coordination entity that is the tetranitrate salt of triplatin.


PROTHIOFOS

An organic thiophosphate that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester of O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphoric acid.


pyridine N-oxide

The pyridine N-oxide derived from the parent pyridine. It is a drug metabolite of the antihypertensive agent pinacidil.


macitentan

A member of the class of sulfamides in which the two amino groups of sulfonamide are substituted by 5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-{2-[(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy}pyrimidin-4-yl and propyl groups. An orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


neurotransmitter agent

A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.


A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.


ARGIPRESTOCIN

A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.


AMMONIUM SULFATE

An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.


nitroxoline

A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.


A hydroxypyrimidine that is pyrimidine substituted by an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 4.


beta-aminopropionitrile

An aminopropionitrile carrying an amino group at the beta-position.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.


DIHYDROFOLIC ACID

A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.


The simplest member of the class  fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluorene bearing an oxo substituent at position 9.


methylene bis(thiocyanate)

A member of the class of thiocyanates that is methane in which two of the hycrogens have been replaced by thiocyanato groups. Used as a biocide for the control of various pathogens and algae in industrial water systems and as a fungicide for the control of surface moulds and sapstain fungi on wood.


HISPIDIN

Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).


An eight-membered oligopeptide comprising Arg, Pro, Pro, Gly, Phe, Ser, Pro and Phe residues joined in sequence. It is an analogue of bradykinin lacking the Arg residue at position 9.


A deoxyketohexose comprising the open-chain form of D-glucose lacking the -OH group at the 3-position and having the keto group at the 2-position.


name: vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-


A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.


asenapine

A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.


A member of the class of pyrimidobenzodiazepines that is 5,11-dimethylpyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one carrying at C-2 on the pyrimidine ring a 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-2-methoxyanilino substituent. It is an inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2.


cholanic acid

A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.


diterpene

A C20 terpene.


PULEGONE

The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one.


CGS 15943

A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.


Pterin carrying a formyl group at position 6.


BUTANE

A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.


FUROXAN

A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.


A methylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 3.


METSULFURON-METHYL

A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.


A retinal in which the double bond alpha- to the aldehyde group has cis configuration, whilst the remaining acyclic double bonds have trans configuration.


CYSTAMINE

An organic disulfide obtgained by oxidative dimerisation of cysteamine.


D-psicose

The D-enantiomer of psicose.


barbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).


A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.


SALICYLHYDROXAMIC ACID

A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxybenzamide carrying a phenolic hydroxy group at position 2.


caspofungin

A semisynthetic cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall.


polihexanide

A homopolymer macromolecule composed of repeating N-hexyltriimidodicarbonic diamide units. It is used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and antifungal agent. Also commonly used as a swimming pool and spa water sanitizer.


deethylatrazine

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is  6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.


dihexadecanoyl phosphatidic acid

A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).


halocarban

A phenylurea that is urea substituted by 4-chlorophenyl and 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is often used in deodarants and soaps on account of its anbacterial properties.


nizatidine

A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.


HISTAMINE PHOSPHATE

A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.


santonin

A  santonin that is 3a,5,5a,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,8(3H,4H)-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5a and 9.


fosfomycin

A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.


A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.


A member of the class of  pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.


geranyl acetone

A monoterpene ketone in which an (E)-geranyl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone. It is a component of essential oils from various plants including  Nelumbo nucifera.


TEMBOTRIONE

An aromatic ketone that is 2-benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione in which the phenyl group is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by chlorine, (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methyl, and methylsulfonyl groups, respectively. It is a post-emergence herbicide used (particularly in conjunction with the herbicide safener cyprosulfamide) for the control of a wide range of broad-leaved and grassy weeds in corn and other crops.


iloperidone

A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.


latanoprost (isopropyl ester)

A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


HOMOPHENYLALANINE

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is an analogue of L-phenylalanine having a 2-phenylethyl rather than a benzyl side-chain.


CARBOXIN

An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.


BRADYKININ

A linear nonapeptide messenger belonging to the kinin group of proteins, with amino acid sequence RPPGFSPFR. Enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood, it is a powerful vasodilator that causes smooth muscle contraction, and may mediate inflammation.


cefpodoxime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with methoxymethyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamino substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Given by mouth as its proxetil ester prodrug, it is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.


A monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group.


TOMELUKAST

A member of the class of  acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits  anti-asthmatic activity.


isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside

An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.


A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.


cefotetan

A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and  {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.


NEREISTOXIN

Toxin isolated from marine segmented worm, Lumbriconereis heterodopa. It is also the active insecticide of the proinsecticide thiocyclam.


sulfisoxazole

A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.


dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol

A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.


phosphoric acid

A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.


corticorelin

A corticotropin-releasing hormone from human/rat composed of Ser, Glu, Glu, Pro, Pro, Ile, Ser, Leu, Asp, Leu, Val, Phe, His, Leu, Leu, Arg, Glu, Val, Leu, Glu, Met, Ala, Arg, Ala, Glu, Gln, Leu, Ala, Gln, Gln, Ala, His, Ser, Asn, Arg, Lys, Leu, Met, Glu, Ile and Ile-NH2 residues joined in sequence.


Gly-His-Lys

A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.


thallium sulfate

A metal sulfate in which the counterion is thallium  and the ratio of thallium to sulfate is 2:1. It is a rodenticide used to control rats, squirrels, mice, moles, prairie dogs, ants and cockroaches. It is no longer registered for pesticide use in the United States.


BIXIN

A carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid.


vestitol

A member of the class of  hydroxyisoflavans that is isoflavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 2' and a methoxy group at position 4'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


A HEPES that is ethanesulfonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group. A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.55 at 20 degreeC.


clemastine

2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.


homocysteic acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.


A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene.


GLYCYRIN

A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a prenyl group at position 6 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


copper(I) sulfide

A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.


name: LIGUSTICUM SINENSE SUBSP. CHUANXIONG ROOT


SODIUM SULFIDE

A sulfide salt with formula Na2S. The pentahydrate and  (particularly) the nonahydrate are also known. In gel form, sodium sulfide is used to soften toenails to assist in trimming (and so relive pain) of ingrowing toenails.


varespladib

A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by benzyl, ethyl, oxamoyl, and carboxymethoxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. It is an oral secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.


HYDANTOIN

An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.


boldenone undecylenate

An  3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an  anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use.


TRICHLOROETHANE

A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2.


12-methyltetradecanoic acid

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising tetradecanoic acid carrying a 12-methyl substituent.


DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER

A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.


nintedanib

A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.


A member of the class of isoquinolines that is isoquinoline-8-sulfonamide which is substituted by chlorine at position 5 and in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is an inhibitor of casein kinase I.


A naphthoquinone that is naphthalene-1,4-dione substituted by a methoxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


phenazopyridine

A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.


drimenol

A sesquiterpenoid primary alcohol, being methanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl group.


ganciclovir

An oxopurine that is  guanine substituted by a [(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy]methyl group at position 9. Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections.


helveticoside

A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a digitoxosyl group attached at position 3.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin d3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norcholecalciferol


olsalazine

An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.


dinophysistoxin 2

A ketal that is a rare marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Found yearly along with okadaic acid in Portuguese shellfish, its presence has been correlated with the occurrence of Dinophysis acta.


chloroxylenol

A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.


mirabegron

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.


A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.


moracizine

A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.


hormone

Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.


ASCOMYCIN

A macrolide that is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and exhibits strong immunosuppressant properties.


linoleamide

A fatty amide obtained from  linoleic acid.


A member of the class tetralins that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene which is substituted at position 6 by a hydroxy group.


aldehydo-D-mannosamine

A D-mannosamine in open-chain aldehydo-form.


eritoran

A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.


GINSENOSIDE RB2

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


ghrelin

A 28-membered appetite-stimulating polypeptide consisting of Gly, Ser, Ser(octanoyl), Phe, Leu, Ser, Pro, Glu, His, Gln, Arg, Val, Gln, Gln, Arg, Lys, Glu, Ser, Lys, Lys, Pro, Pro, Ala, Lys, Leu, Gln, Pro and Arg residues joined in sequence. The O-n-octanoylation of the side-chain hydroxy group of serine-3 (Ser3) is essential for ghrelin's activity.


azaperone

An N-arylpiperazine that is 2-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridine in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3-(4-fluobenzoyl)propyl group. Used mainly as a tranquiliser for pigs and elephants.


suxibuzone

A pyrazolidine that is phenylbutazone which is substituted by a 3-carboxypropanoylmethyl group at the 4-position. Suxibuzone is a prodrug for phenylbutazone and is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory drug in horses.


A limonoid isolated from Azadirachta indica.


balsalazide

A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.


An azaspiro compound that is 1'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-quinoxaline] in which the hydrogen at position 3' is replaced by a (3-chlorobenzyl)amino group. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis.


A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is the 2,3-dihydroderivative of benzofuran.


nalidixic acid

A monocarboxylic acid comprising 1,8-naphthyridin-4-one substituted by carboxylic acid, ethyl and methyl groups at positions 3, 1, and 7, respectively. An orally administered antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of lower urinary-tract infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, including the majority of E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Proteus species.


A dihydroxypyridine in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 2 and 3.


vilanterol

An dichlorobenzene derivative that is used in the form of its trifenate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


name: EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor

description: An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*).


LICOCOUMARONE

A member of the class of 1-benzofurans which consists of 1-benzofuran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 4, a prenyl group at position 5 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.


name: Amlodipine, atorvastatin drug combination


HYDROXYPHENYL PROPIONIC ACID

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.


APRATOXIN A

An aprotoxin having the common aprotoxin cyclodepsipeptide skeleton where the isoleucyl residue carries an N-methyl substituent and the side-chain adjacent to the lactone is tert-butyl.


laminarin

A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.


methyl hexanoate

A fatty acid methyl ester derived from hexanoic (caproic acid).


FLUOROBENZENE

Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.


A labdane diterpenoid that is the 1,9-dideoxy derivative of forskolin.


elvitegravir

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substited at position 1 by a 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl group and at position 6 by a 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


cremastranone

A homoisoflavonoid that is 2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-onethat is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a methoxy group at position 6, and a 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from various plants, including the bulb of Cremastra appendiculata.


A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4.


(-)-JASMONIC ACID

A jasmonate ester that is the methyl ester of jasmonic acid.


sodium bromate

An inorganic sodium salt having bromate as the counterion.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by a methyl[(3R,4R)-4-methyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidin-3-yl]nitrilo group. It is a potent JAK3-selective chemical probe.


(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of phenylalanine and is excreted in the urine of patients suffering from diseases like phenylketonuria.


AFZELIN

A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


BROMUCONAZOLE

A member of the class of oxolanes carrying 1,2,4-triazol-ylmethyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl substituents at position 2 as well as a bromo substituent at position 4.  A foliar applied conazole fungicide for a range of crops including cereals, fruit, vegetables and vines.


antibacterial drug

A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.


A naphthaldehyde with a formyl group at position 1.


delavirdine

The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.


teicoplanin

A complex mixture of related natural products isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus comprising five major components (teicoplanin A2-1 through A2-5), a hydrolysis component (teicoplanin A3-1), and four minor components (teicoplanin RS-1 through RS-4). An antibiotic with a similar spectrum of activity to vancomycin, it is used to treat serious Gram-positive bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.


A member of the class of  phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4.


glucan

A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues.


METALDEHYDE

A member of the class of tetroxocanes that is 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane which carries four methyl groups at positions 2,4,6 and 8. It is a potent molluscicide and the active ingredient in most slug pellets used for crop protection.


tromethamine

A primary amino compound that is tert-butylamine in which one hydrogen attached to each methyl group is replaced by a hydroxy group. A compound widely used as a biological buffer substance in the pH range 7--9; pKa = 8.3 at 20 degreeC; pKa = 7.82 at 37 degreeC.


bohemine

Purine substituted on C-2, C-6 and N-9 with (3-hydroxypropyl)amino, benzylamino and isopropyl groups respectively; a synthetic, cell-permeable, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that is structurally similar to olomoucine and roscovitine.


neratinib

A quinoline compound having a cyano group at the 3-position, a 3-chloro-4-(2-pyridylmethoxy)anilino group at the 4-position, a 4-dimethylamino-trans-but-2-enoylamido group at the 6-position, and an ethoxy group at the 7-position.


3-methylbenzyl alcohol

A methylbenzyl alcohol that is toluene in which one of the meta hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


N-acetyltryptophan

An N-acetylamino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of tryptophan.


methyl aminolevulinate

The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.


calcitonin (salmon)

A 32-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Cys-Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Cys-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Leu-His-Lys-Leu-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Asn-Thr-Gly-Ser-Gly-Thr-Pro-NH2 cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 1 and 7.


ETHOFUMESATE

A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-ethofumesate.


cefaloglycin

A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.


name: ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene


BISPYRIBAC

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy groups at positions 2 and 6. Its sodium salt is used as a broad spectrum post emergent herbicide for the control of grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds in rice crops.


An  aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid that is 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid substituted by an amino group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 4 respectively.


S-nitroso-L-cysteine

An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent.  A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.


FOMESAFEN

An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.


ONALESPIB

A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole in which the amino group has been acylated by a 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl group and in which position 5 of the isoidole moiety has been substituted by a (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl group. A second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor.


beryllium dichloride

A compound of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and chloride in the ratio 1:2.


diuretic

An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


ractopamine

A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.


SPATHULENOL

A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7.


acepromazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.


An aryl sulfate that is 4-nitrocatechol in which the hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding hydrogen sulfate. It is used (commonly as its dipotassium salt) as a chromogenic substrate for sulphatase.


A methyladenosine compound with two methyl groups attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.


MAACKIAIN

The (-)-enantiomer of maackiain.


1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.


dithiazanine

A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.


name: LSKL, Inhibitor of Thrombospondin (TSP-1)


TETRADIFON

A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.


A methyladenine that is 9H-purin-6-amine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen.


SALVIGENIN

A trimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4', 6, and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups.


AMBENONIUM CHLORIDE

A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium salt having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.


enfuvirtide

A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of  N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.


A butene with unsaturation at position 1.


bryostatin 2

A member of the class of bryostatins that is bryostatin 1 in which the acetoxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


UNC1999 is a SAM-competitive, potent and selective inhibitor of EZH2/1.


A methyl ketone that is  butan-2-one with an unsaturation at position 3.


Imidazole substituted at position 4 by a methyl group.


pizotifen

A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.


bunolol

A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.


luteolinidin chloride

An anthocyanidin chloride that has luteolinidin as the cationic counterpart.


ANDROSTENEDONE

A steroid that consists of androstane having double bonds at positions 1 and 4 and two keto groups at positions 3 and 17.


paraldehyde

A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.


TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.


litreol

Catechol carrying a pentadecenyl substituent at position 3.


indacaterol

A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


ionophore

A compound which can carry specific ions through membranes of cells or organelles.


phenyl salicylate

A benzoate ester that is the phenyl ester of salicylic acid. Also known as salol, it can be formed by heating salicylic acid with phenol and is used in the manufacture of some polymers, lacquers, adhesives, waxes and polishes.


IDP

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having inosine as the nucleobase.


sitosterol

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


protease inhibitor

A compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of proteases (endopeptidases).


pemafibrate

A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by 3-[(1R)-1-carboxypropoxy]benzyl and 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl groups. It is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha agonist that is used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.


A hydrocarbyladenosine in which adenosine is substituted at N-6 by a (2R)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl group. It is a potent adenosine A1 receptor agonist that exhibits neuroprotective and antinociceptive properties.


angiotensin receptor antagonist

A hormone antagonist that blocks angiotensin receptors.


visnagin

A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.


tetracosactide

A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.


SYRINGARESINOL

The (7alpha,7'alpha,8alpha,8'alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.


HEXADECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.


name: norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol drug combination


AYANIN

A trimethoxyflavone that is  quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4' and 7 have been replaced by methoxy groups.


A 39 amino acid porcine cathelicidin that is rich in proline and arginine residues. It plays a pivotal role in the innate immune defence of the pig against infections and exhibits antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities.


A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3.


TRYPTOPHOL

An indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2.


An organic disulfide that is mitomycin C in which the amino group at position 7 is replaced by a {2-[(4-nitrophenyl)disulfanyl]ethyl}amino group. It is a derivative of mitomycin C with activity against a range of tumour cell lines and xenografts.


p-aminodiphenylamine

An aromatic amine that is the 4-amino derivative of diphenylamine.


PHTHALAZINE

An azaarene that is the 2,3-diaza analogue of naphthalene. The parent of the class of phthalazines.


PROPENE

An alkene that is propane with a double bond at position 1.


ornidazole

A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.


D-keto-manno-heptulose

The open chain form of D-manno-heptulose.


ETHYL ACETATE

The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.


copanlisib

An imidazoquinazoline that is 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline substituted by (2-aminopyrimidine-5-carbonyl)amino, methoxy, and 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 8, respectively. It is a intravenous pan-class I PI3K inhibitor used for the treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma in patients who have received at least 2 prior systemic therapies.


name: p-Aminobenzoic acid diethylaminoethyl ester hydrochloride


A dimethylpyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one carrying at C-2 on the pyrimidine ring a [2-ethoxy-4-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)phenyl]amino substituent.  It is an inhibitor of the BMK1 kinase pathway.


intermedine

A carboxylic ester compound formed from condensation between retronecine and (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-isopropylbutanoic acid.


ORYZALIN

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by nitro groups and at position 4 by a dipropylamino group.


imidaprilat

A member of the class of imidazolidines that is imidapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding acid group. It is the active metabolite of imidapril used to treat hypertension.


OLEIC ACID ANILIDE

The fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of oleic acid and aniline.


ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE

A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


alpha-hydroxyhippuric acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that is N-benzoylglycine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-2.


buclizine

An N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups.


4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.


A 17-oxo steroid that is estrone in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group.


BENTAZON

A  benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.


savolitinib

A member of the class of triazolopyrazines that is 1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine substituted by (1S)-1-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)ethyl and 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl groups at positions 1 and 6, respectively. It is a highly selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved in China for advanced NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutations.


prochlorperazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.


platelet aggregation inhibitor

A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.


tiquizium bromide

A organic bromide salt of tiquizium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of convulsion and hypermobility in gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, gallbladder disease, biliary tract disease and urolithiasis.


nicotinic antagonist

An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor.


FENCHONE

A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel  (Foeniculum vulgare).


CLODINAFOP PROPARGYL

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of clodinafop with the hydroxy group of prop-2-yn-1-ol. It is widely used as a herbicide for the control of annual grass weeds in cereal crops.


isophorone

A cyclic ketone, the structure of which is that of cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5.


barasertib

A dihydrogen phosphate prodrug of a pyrazoloquinazoline aurora kinase inhibitor AZD1152-hydroxyquinazoline pyrazol anilide(HQPA) and is converted rapidly to the active AZD1152-HQPA in plasma.


NEBULARINE

A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


decamethonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.


TILMACOXIB

A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is that is 1,3-oxazole which is substituted at positions 2, 4 and 5 by methyl, cyclohexyl, and 3-fluoro-4-sulfamoylphenyl groups, respectively.


gamma-decalactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5.


PROPIONAMIDE

A  monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of propionic acid with ammonia.


4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside

A beta-D-galactoside having a 4-methylumbelliferyl substituent at the anomeric position.


AURINTRICARBOXYLIC ACID

A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.


name: cis-2,5-Di-(2-phenethyl)-pyrrolidine hydrochloride; (2R,5S)-rel-2,5-Bis(2-phenylethyl)-pyrrolidine hydrochloride


An oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4.


CHRYSOSPLENOL B

A tetramethoxyflavone that is  the 3,6,7,3'-tetramethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin.


nisin

A type-A lantibiotic containing 34 amino acid residues (including lanthionine (Lan), methyllanthionine (MeLan), didehydroalanine (Dha) and didehydroaminobutyric acid (Dhb)) and five thioether bridges. It is obtained by fermentation of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis and shows particular activity against Clostridium botulinum. It is used in the production of various processed foods to suppress Gram-positive spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and so extend shelf life.


dexpanthenol

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is 3,3-dimethylbutanamide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and a 3-hydroxypropyl group at the carbomyl nitrogen.


2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate

An enoate ester that is the 1-methacryloyl derivative of propane-1,2-diol.


meglumine

A  hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.


2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid

A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.


pent-4-enoic acid

A pentenoic acid having the double bond at position 4.


CUPRESSUFLAVONE

A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities.


nefopam

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The  hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.


indane

An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring fused to a cyclopentane ring; a high-boiling (176 (o)C) colourless liquid.


DIPICOLINIC ACID

A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.


A member of the class of indoles that is  acetamide substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2. It is an intermediate in the production of plant hormone indole acetic acid (IAA).


(trichloromethyl)benzene

An organochlorine compound that is toluene in which all three hydrogens of the methyl group have been replaced by chlorines. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and dye chemistry.


name: Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether


name: EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor

description: An EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of procollagen-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.2).


MENAQUINONE 7

A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.


toloxatone

A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.


diafenthiuron

An aromatic ether that is 1,3-diisopropyl-5-phenoxybenzene in which the hydrogen atom at position 2 is substituted by a (tert-butylcarbamothioyl)nitrilo group. An agricultural proinsecticide which is used to control mites, aphids and whitefly in cotton.


triphenylmethane

A triarylmethane in which the three aryl groups are phenyl. It forms the basic skeleton of several synthetic dyes.


robinin

A  glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).


9-oxononanoic acid

A medium-chain oxo-fatty acid that is the 9-oxo derivative of nonanoic acid.


2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the C-2 and C-6 positions.


5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid

A memebr of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole with methyl and carboxylic acid group substituents at positions 5 and 3 respectively.


PALLIDOL

A tetracyclic stilbenoid that is a homodimer obtained by cyclodimerisation of resveratrol.


P-METHOXY-ACETOPHENONE

A member of the class of  acetophenones that is acetophenone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4.


NALED

An dialkyl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the acidic hydroxy group of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethanol. An organophosphate insecticide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


NICOSULFURON

A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.


diminazene

A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.


TROPOLONE

A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.


A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one in which all or the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


GLAUCINE

An  aporphine alkaloid that is (S)-1,2,9,10-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline in which the four phenolic hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.


METALAXYL

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.


cyclo(L-His-L-Pro)

A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).


A perchlorometallate anion having four chlorines and palladium(II) as the metal component.


polysorbate 40

A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a palmitoyl group.


7-CHLOROKYNURENIC ACID

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.


name: stejnulxin protein, Trimeresurus stejnegeri


mepivacaine

A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.


AMINOCARB

A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4 and a methyl group at position 3.


tetraethyllead

An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.


17beta-estradiol 3-glucosiduronic acid

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


acetamides

Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3.


A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole carrying additional 4-pyridyl and 1-(hydroxyimino)indan-5-yl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


A nitrosamine that is N-nitrosodiethylamine in which one of the ethyl froups has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It is used to induce renal and liver tumours in rodents.


N-methylquipazine

An aminoquinoline that consists of quinoline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. A 5-HT3 agonist. Has almost the same affinity for 5-HT3 sites as quipazine but unlike the latter, does not bind to 5-HT1B sites.


lumefantrine

A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


mesoridazine

A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.


A hydrochloride salt resulting from the formal reaction of 3-[(3-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. It is a selective inhibitor of the delta- and epsilon-isoforms of casein kinase 1 (CK1delta and CK1epsilon).


CHAETOMUGILIN D

An azaphilone isolated from Chaetomium globosum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and Mucor miehei.


ETHEPHON

A phosphonic acid compound having a 2-chloroethyl substituent attached to the P-atom.


A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as the cationic counterpart.


acemetacin

A carboxylic ester that is the carboxymethyl ester of indometacin. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and low back pain, as well as for postoperative pain and inflammation. Its activity is due to both acemetacin and its major metabolite, indometacin.


darifenacin

2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a  2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.


anthelminthic drug

Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths).


PROMETON

A  methoxy-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which the one of the hydrogens of each amino group is substituted by an isopropyl group.


(+)-SECOISOLARICIRESINOL

An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.


carprofen

Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.


MONOTHIOGLYCEROL

A thiol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups is replaced by a thiol group.


name: Butanoic acid, 2,2-diethyl-4-((3-(2-(4-(1-methylethyl)-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl)phenyl)amino)-4-oxo-, (E)-


sulfisomidine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.


An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2.


anti-asthmatic agent

Any compound that has anti-asthmatic effects.


trimethobenzamide

The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.


flunixin

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino group. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine (usually as the meglumine salt) for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.


esomeprazole

A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.


irgarol 1051

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is  1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine carrying a N-tert-butyl, N'-cyclopropyl and a methylsulfanyl group at position 6.


A phosphatidic acid in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specifed as stearoyl and arachidonoyl respectively.


METRIBUZIN

A member of the class of  1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.


lipid IVA

A tetra-acylated lipid A produced by E. coli as an intermediate in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway.


OXYCARBOXIN

An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4,4-dioxo-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for the control of rust diseases on ornamentals, cereals and nursery trees as well as fairy rings on turf.