name: BGAT_HUMAN Histo-blood group ABO system transferase (sprot)

description: A histo-blood group ABO system transferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MTP_MOUSE Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (sprot)

description: A microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 isoform m1 (mouse)

description: A group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9EPR2-1.


ceramide synthase isoform 1 (mouse)

A ceramide synthase isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 8 isoform 1 (mouse)

description: A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 8 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8R4D1-1.


name: Q1A6U9_MOUSE phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (trembl)

description: A type II inositol 3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q1A6U9.


name: C0K3M3_MOUSE Corticotropin releasing factor receptor type 2 beta (trembl)

description: A corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 isoform iv-beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 isoform PC5B (mouse)

description: A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q04592-1.


name: CHPF2_HUMAN Chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase (sprot)

description: A chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: S35D2_HUMAN Nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35D2 (sprot)

description: A nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: XYLT1_HUMAN Xylosyltransferase 1 (sprot)

description: A xylosyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: B4GT3_HUMAN Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 (sprot)

description: A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ZDH18_HUMAN Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC18 (sprot)

description: A palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NMNA2_HUMAN Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (sprot)

description: A nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MPAA2_PENBR Polyprenyl transferase mpaA' (sprot)


name: TRIM3_HUMAN Tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (sprot)

description: A tripartite motif-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


photoreceptor outer segment membrane

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor.


name: establishment of apical/basal cell polarity

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


eye photoreceptor cell development

description: Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.


protein targeting

description: The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.


photoreceptor distal connecting cilium

description: The distal region of the photoreceptor connecting cilium is structurally unique to the photoreceptor and is maintained by retina-specific protein, SPATA7, and its interacting partners RPGR and RPGRIP1. It is essential for photoreceptor sensory cilium stability.


rod photoreceptor outer segment

description: The outer segment of a vertebrate rod photoreceptor that contains sealed membrane discs that are not connected to the ciliary membrane and containing rhodopsin photoreceptor proteins.


name: photoreceptor proximal connecting cilium

description: The proximal region of the photoreceptor connecting cilium is similar to the transition zone of unspecialized primary cilia and houses several major transition zone complexes, including NPHP, MKS, and RPGR.


ciliary rootlet

description: A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm.


apical dendrite

description: A dendrite that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron. In bipolar neurons, apical dendrites are located on the opposite side of the soma from the axon.


retinal pigment epithelial cell

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An epithelial cell of the retinal pigmented epithelium.


pericentriolar material

description: A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome.


dendrite terminus

description: A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.


BBSome

description: A ciliary protein complex involved in cilium biogenesis. It consists of at least seven Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins and BBIP10. It moves in association with IFT trains through cilia (likely as an IFT-A/B adaptor or cargo), and is required for the integrity of IFT-A and IFT-B.


interphotoreceptor matrix

description: A specialized extracellularc matrix that surrounds the photoreceptors of the retina and lies between them and the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium. The IPM has been implicated in several important activities required for photoreceptor function and maintenance.


cone photoreceptor outer segment

description: The outer segment of a vertebrate cone photoreceptor that contains membrane discs that are contiguous with the ciliary membrane and containing opsin photoreceptor proteins.


structural constituent of cytoskeleton

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.


retinal rod cell development

description: Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light.


membrane organization

description: A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.


retina layer formation

description: The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.


cellular response to light stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.


phototransduction, visible light

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


retinal ganglion cell axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


establishment of organelle localization

description: The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.


retinal rod cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell.


neural retina development

description: The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


cell tip growth

description: Growth that occurs specifically at the tip of a cell.


name: tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


kinesin binding

description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with kinesin, a member of a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins that perform force-generating tasks such as organelle transport and chromosome segregation.


neuron projection extension

description: Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


response to light stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.


name: regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.


neuron maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state.


axonal fasciculation

description: The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


name: cellular response to electrical stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


glial cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell.


cell fate determination

description: The cellular developmental process involved in cell fate commitment that occurs after cell fate specification, in which a cell is irreversibly committed to a cellular developmental fate which is heritable on cell division.


neuron projection guidance

description: The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


retinoic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


retinal bipolar neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.


photoreceptor cell morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: G protein-coupled opsin signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that starts with an opsin being activated by a photon, and ending with the light signal being trasmitted through the synapses. The signal can be transmitted via different Galpha subunits types: Go, Gs, Gq, and Gt.


electron transport chain

description: A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors.


retinal cell programmed cell death

description: Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina.


name: positive regulation of G1 to G0 transition

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


name: negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


dynamin-1 isoform ac (mouse)

A dynamin-1 isoform ac that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


reticulon-4 isoform D (mouse)

A reticulon-4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99P72-3.


name: A8IK50_MOUSE Purkinje cell protein 2 (L7) (trembl)

description: A Purkinje cell protein 2 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


heterotrimeric G-protein complex

description: Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to an effector protein.


cone retinal bipolar cell

description: A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.


rod bipolar cell

description: A bipolar neuron found in the retina that is synapsed by rod photoreceptor cells but not by cone photoreceptor cells.  These neurons depolarize in response to light.


striatum

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.[GO].


parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

description: An excitatory synapse formed by the parallel fibers of granule cells synapsing onto the dendrites of Purkinje cells.


name: postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

description: Any process, acting in the postsynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.


An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of (R)-adrenaline, obtained by protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of (R)-noradrenaline, obtained by protonation of the priamry amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


photoreceptor outer segment layer

description: Layer of the retina composed of the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells. The photoreceptor outer segment is a specialized primary cilium consisting of a microtubule-based axoneme and regular stacks of membrane folds or disks containing the photopigments (opsins) required for the phototransduction cascade.


sperm head plasma membrane

description: The plasma membrane that is part of the head section of a sperm cell.


spectrin binding

description: Binding to spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.


visual perception

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.


response to light intensity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


podosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.


rod bipolar cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a rod bipolar cell.


detection of light stimulus

description: The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


phototransduction

description: The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.


sensory perception of light stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


name: detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception

description: The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


thermotaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.


name: G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G protein-coupled receptor = ADP + G protein-coupled receptor phosphate.


name: DHRS3_HUMAN Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3 (sprot)

description: A short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: DHB1_HUMAN 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (sprot)

description: A 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RDH8_HUMAN Retinol dehydrogenase 8 (sprot)

description: A retinol dehydrogenase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OPSB_MOUSE Short-wave-sensitive opsin 1 (sprot)

description: A short-wave-sensitive opsin 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: GUC2E_MOUSE Retinal guanylyl cyclase 1 (sprot)

description: A retinal guanylyl cyclase 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: GUC2B_MOUSE Guanylate cyclase activator 2B (sprot)

description: A guanylate cyclase activator 2B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NUP42_MOUSE Nucleoporin NUP42 (sprot)

A nucleoporin NUP42 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: GUC1A_MOUSE Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 (sprot)

description: A guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: GUC1B_MOUSE Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 2 (sprot)

description: A guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: OPSG_MOUSE Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1 (sprot)

description: A protein that is a translation product of the Opn1mw gene in mouse.


perineuronal net

description: A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain.


central nervous system myelin formation

description: The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system.


amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of astrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


axon choice point recognition

description: The recognition of molecules at a choice point by an axon growth cone; at a choice point the growth cone determines the direction of its future growth.


name: central nervous system myelin maintenance

description: The process in which the structure and material content of mature central nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.


optic nerve structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


name: positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


plasma membrane raft

description: A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.


bladder urothelial cell

description: A urothelial cell that is part of the urothelium of the urinary bladder.


name: hinge region between urothelial plaques of apical plasma membrane

description: A narrow rim of non-thickened membrane in between urothelial plaques in apical plasma membrane.


name: protein localization to paranode region of axon

description: A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the paranode region of an axon.


protein insertion into plasma membrane

description: The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a plasma membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


name: positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


negative regulation of myelination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


hypoglossal nerve

description: Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue.


protein localization to synapse

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.


heterotrimeric G-protein binding

description: Binding to a heterotrimeric G-protein.


vesicle targeting

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo.


protein localization to membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.


name: UN93B_HUMAN Protein unc-93 homolog B1 (sprot)

description: A protein unc-93 homolog B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


ribosome

description: An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.


synaptic cleft

description: The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.


extracellular matrix of synaptic cleft

description: The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the synaptic cleft.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic density membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of synaptic membrane

description: The component of the synaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: Any transmitter-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


regulation of synapse organization

description: Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.


postsynaptic density assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


name: regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.


name: regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane.


name: ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Any ligand-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


name: calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion

description: The regulatory process by which increased cytosolic calcium levels lead to the the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic active zone membrane by bringing primed synaptic vesicle membrane into contact with membrane presynaptic active zone membrane.


name: voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

description: Regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels.


translation at presynapse

description: Translation that occurs at the presynapse.


regulation of synapse pruning

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning.


name: G1TPJ8_RABIT Glutamate receptor (trembl)


name: F7AGW3_MACMU Glutamate receptor (trembl)


name: F1MB71_BOVIN CASK interacting protein 1 (trembl)


name: MAGI3_CHICK Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 3 (sprot)

description: A membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of chicken.


name: A0A8V0ZCJ7_CHICK Membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1 (trembl)


hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse

description: One of the giant synapses that form between the mossy fiber axons of dentate gyrus granule cells and the large complex spines of CA3 pyramidal cells. It consists of a giant bouton known as the mossy fiber expansion, synapsed to the complex, multiheaded spine (thorny excresence) of a CA3 pyramidal cell.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


behavioral fear response

description: An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat.


fear response

description: The response of an organism to a perceived external threat.


learning or memory

description: The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.


feeding behavior

description: Behavior associated with the intake of food.


name: negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to its receptor on the surface of a target cell.


name: positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


regulation of neuron apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.


mechanoreceptor differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.


name: negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.


name: positive regulation of collateral sprouting

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


cellular response to acid chemical

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


dendrite extension

description: Long distance growth of a single dendrite involved in cellular development.


regulation of collateral sprouting

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


neuron recognition

description: The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.


taste bud development

description: The progression of the taste bud over time, from its formation to the mature state. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


axo-dendritic protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins along microtubules in neuron projections.


intercellular bridge

description: A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.


cell quiescence

description: A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.


sperm flagellum assembly

description: The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellum, the microtubule-based axoneme and associated structures that are part of a sperm flagellum (or cilium).


name: miRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization

description: An RNA interference pathway in which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA will typically direct targeted endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism.


name: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the C-end degron rule pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degron) pathway. In the DesCEND pathway, C-terminal residues (C-end degrons) in substrates are recognized by Cul2-RING and Cul4-RING E3 ligases, whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. C-end degrons can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms.


5'-3' RNA helicase activity

description: Unwinding of an RNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: spermatid cytoplasm removal during spermiation of flagellated sperm

description: The process of removing the majority of the cytoplasm and organelles from a spermatid as it develops into a mature flagellated sperm cell.


intraciliary anterograde transport

description: The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the cell body toward the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum), mediated by motor proteins.


MOV10_HUMAN Helicase MOV-10 (sprot)

A helicase MOV-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + CpG (in DNA) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-MeCpG (in DNA).


name: HBG1_HUMAN Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (sprot)

description: A hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HBG2_HUMAN Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 (sprot)

description: A hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RUNX1_HUMAN Runt-related transcription factor 1 (sprot)

description: A runt-related transcription factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FAS_MOUSE Fatty acid synthase (sprot)

A fatty acid synthase that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: ACOD1_MOUSE Acyl-CoA desaturase 1 (sprot)

description: An acyl-CoA desaturase 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: CD36_MOUSE Platelet glycoprotein 4 (sprot)

description: A platelet glycoprotein 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform 3 (mouse)

description: A sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9WTN3-3.


name: epigenetic programming of gene expression

description: A epigenetic process that happens during embryonic development that modulates gene expression potential at later stages of development of the organism, including the adult. Epigenetic regulation takes place via chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or cytosine DNA methylation.


name: epigenetic programing of male pronucleus

description: The global programming of epigenetic modifications in the male pronucleus of the newly fertilized zygote. The most major change in the paternal genome is DNA demethylation, which takes place before the first cell division.


name: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.


name: retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism involving heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


retrotransposition

description: A type of transposition in which a transposable element (transposon) copies and pastes itself into a different genomic location by transcription and convertsion of the transcribed RNA back into DNA through reverse transcription.


myelin sheath

description: An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.


paranode region of axon

description: An axon part that is located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by lateral loop portions of myelin sheath.


myelin sheath adaxonal region

description: The region of the myelin sheath nearest to the axon.


internode region of axon

description: An axon part that is located between the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by compact myelin sheath.


compact myelin

description: The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.


response to toxic substance

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


paranodal junction

description: A highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. It flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve and electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.


axon initial segment

description: Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.


septate junction

description: A cell-cell junction that forms a continuous band around each cell in an epithelium; within the septate junction the membranes of adjacent cells maintain a constant distance of approximately 15 nm; found in arthropods.


paranodal junction assembly

description: Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier.


name: clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels

description: The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.


white matter of cerebellum

description: Regional part of cerebellum consisting of the myelinated axons lying deep to the granule cell layer, excluding the deep cerebellar nuclei and the cerebellar peduncles.


white matter

description: Neural tissue consisting of myelinated axons connecting grey matter areas of the central nervous system.


name: clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels

description: The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.


paranodal junction maintenance

description: The maintenance of a paranodal junction, a highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. A paranodal junction flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve, electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments, and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.


name: apical plasma membrane urothelial plaque

description: A scallop-shaped plaque, also referred to as an asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), found in the apical plasma membrane of urothelial superficial (umbrella) cells which form a a barrier to the passage of water and soluble toxic compounds found in urine. The plaques are thickened regions of membrane composed of uroplakin transmembrane proteins which form a crystalline array.


sodium ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.


urinary bladder development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.


vacuole fusion

description: Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole.


channel regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


transporter complex

description: A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


hair cycle process

description: A multicellular organismal process involved in the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


name: negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.


myeloid leukocyte

description: A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage.


ribosomal RNA

RNA molecules which are essential structural and functional components of ribosomes, the subcellular units responsible for protein synthesis.


N-acylsphingosine

The parent compounds of the ceramide family, composed of sphingosine having an unspecified fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


sphingomyelin d18:1

Any sphingomyelin having sphingosine as the sphingoid component.


PHOSPHOCHOLINE

The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.


name: NSMA_HUMAN Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 (sprot)

description: A sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TNFL6_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 (sprot)

description: A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TNR6_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (sprot)

description: A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


name: negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.


name: negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.


name: arterial endothelial cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an arterial endothelial cell.


cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.


regulation of Notch signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


somite

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm.


NUMB_HUMAN Protein numb homolog (sprot)

A protein numb that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARRB1_HUMAN Beta-arrestin-1 (sprot)

A beta-arrestin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DLL1_HUMAN Delta-like protein 1 (sprot)

A delta-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


JAG2_HUMAN Protein jagged-2 (sprot)

A protein jagged-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CNTN1_HUMAN Contactin-1 (sprot)

A contactin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: DNER_HUMAN Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (sprot)

description: A delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


DLL4_HUMAN Delta-like protein 4 (sprot)

A delta-like protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


JAG1_HUMAN Protein jagged-1 (sprot)

A protein jagged-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: YBOX1_HUMAN Y-box-binding protein 1 (sprot)

description: A Y-box-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: DTX2_HUMAN Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DTX2 (sprot)

description: A protein deltex-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: DTX1_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DTX1 (sprot)

description: An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DTX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


5-methylcytosine dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA + succinate + CO2. This reaction is the first step in the removal of cytosine methylated on position 5 in double-stranded DNA. This activity can iteratively oxidize 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC).


keratinocyte stem cell

description: A stem cell located in the bulge of the hair follicle that can give rise to regenerate the new follicle with each hair cycle and to reepithelialize the epidermis during wound repair.


keratin filament

description: A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.


keratinocyte proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.


keratinocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.


anagen

description: The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair.


name: positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.


hair follicle cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of hair follicle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


catagen

description: The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.


melanin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.


stem cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


name: maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

description: The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


pigment granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule.


negative regulation of timing of anagen

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


hair follicle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.


name: negative regulation of hair follicle development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


integumental system

description: Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle.


name: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 isoform A unmethylated 1 (mouse)

description: A mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 isoform A (mouse) that lacks a monomethylated Lys at position 70. UniProtKB:O35253-1, Lys-70, PR:000026291.


protein methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.


name: RN111_MOUSE E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Arkadia (sprot)

description: An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Arkadia that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


methylation-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein upon methylation of the target protein.


peptidyl-lysine methylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.


name: negative regulation of transferase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.


heterochromatin organization

description: Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.


extracellular matrix assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix.


name: positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.


mitochondrial matrix

description: The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.


name: alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform 1 unmethylated 1 (mouse)

description: An alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform 1 (mouse) that lacks methylation at the position equivalent to Lys-943 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8BGQ7-1. UniProtKB:Q8BGQ7-1, Lys-943, PR:000026291.


name: alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform 1 methylated 1 (mouse)

description: An alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform 1 (mouse) that has been methylated at the position equivalent to Lys-943 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8BGQ7-1. UniProtKB:Q8BGQ7-1, Lys-943, MOD:00663.


ademetionine

A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.


name: RS2_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein uS5 (sprot)

description: A eukaryotic-type small ribosomal subunit protein uS5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EF2_HUMAN Elongation factor 2 (sprot)

An elongation factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MT21A_HUMAN Protein N-lysine methyltransferase METTL21A (sprot)

description: A protein N-lysine methyltransferase METTL21A that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: KIN17_HUMAN DNA/RNA-binding protein KIN17 (sprot)

description: A DNA/RNA-binding protein KIN17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ETKMT_HUMAN Electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit lysine methyltransferase (sprot)

description: An electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit lysine methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ETFB_HUMAN Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta (sprot)

description: An electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MET22_HUMAN Methyltransferase-like protein 22 (sprot)

description: A methyltransferase-like protein 22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II

description: Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.


name: LTBP4_HUMAN Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 4 (sprot)

description: A latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: FKB1A_HUMAN Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A (sprot)

description: A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform 1 (human)

description: A zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LTBP1_HUMAN Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 (sprot)

description: A latent TGF-beta-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LTBP2_HUMAN Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2 (sprot)

description: A latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LTBP3_HUMAN Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 3 (sprot)

description: A latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic

description: An epigenetic process that silences gene expression at specific genomic regions through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the cytosine DNA methylation.


name: RBCC1_HUMAN RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 (sprot)

description: An RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SETD6_HUMAN N-lysine methyltransferase SETD6 (sprot)

description: An N-lysine methyltransferase SETD6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


pole plasm mRNA localization

description: Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mitochondrial translational initiation

description: The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


name: negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.


name: electron transport coupled proton transport

description: The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from electron transport.


eyeball of camera-type eye

description: The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye.


ELAV-like protein 4 isoform m9 (mouse)

An ELAV-like protein 4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q61701-10.


ELAV-like protein 4 isoform m5 (mouse)

An ELAV-like protein 4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q61701-6.


ELAV-like protein 4 isoform m3 (mouse)

An ELAV-like protein 4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q61701-4.


ELAV-like protein 4 isoform m1 (mouse)

An ELAV-like protein 4 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q61701-1.


tissue migration

description: The process in which the population of cells that make up a tissue undergo directed movement.


smooth muscle cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


reactive gliosis

description: A neuroinflammatory response, occurring over several days, during which glial cells undergo nonspecific reactive changes in response to damage to the central nervous system (CNS); typically involves the proliferation or hypertrophy of different types of glial cells.


microglial cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


name: KH domain-containing RNA-binding protein QKI isoform 6 (mouse)

description: A KH domain-containing RNA-binding protein QKI (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9QYS9-6.


name: positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


name: type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interferon-gamma binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.


receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.


mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.


proton transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of a proton across a membrane.


sperm-egg recognition

description: The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization.


granulocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.


miRNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.


name: cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


telomere maintenance

description: Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.


renal water homeostasis

description: Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body.


toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor of a target cell. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


protein targeting to mitochondrion

description: The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein.


iron-sulfur cluster assembly

description: The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


rRNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.


cristae formation

description: The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.


error-prone translesion synthesis

description: The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway.


name: cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.


description: The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway.


adherens junction organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


name: positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.


cobalamin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


cobalamin transport

description: The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cell redox homeostasis

description: Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.


mRNA export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


oxygen transport

description: The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lipid transport

description: The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-18 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.


tRNA modification

description: The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


name: mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone

description: The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.


name: anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


lactose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.


mitochondrial translational elongation

description: The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion.


hyaluronan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


name: retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum

description: The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.


name: ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking

description: The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane.


translational elongation

description: The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4) linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.


base-excision repair

description: In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


name: termination of RNA polymerase II transcription

description: A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary RNA polymerase II transcript.


nuclear export

description: The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host apoptosis

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host apoptosis, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


apoptotic DNA fragmentation

description: The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments.


tRNA decay

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis.


bile acid and bile salt transport

description: The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

description: The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


name: regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.


cellular response to glucagon stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


telomere capping

description: A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.


sterol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


retinoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


post-translational protein modification

description: The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of glycolytic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.


name: negative regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


DNA replication initiation

description: The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; it begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, followed by DNA unwinding.


toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 9.


name: positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation

description: The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.


toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 3.


biotin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


name: molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.


name: negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

description: Any signaling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


name: positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ceramide biosynthetic process.


name: neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


L-ascorbic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


T cell costimulation

description: The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter.


mismatch repair

description: A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

description: The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

description: Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


paraxial mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


bicellular tight junction assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.


binding of sperm to zona pellucida

description: The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.


name: negative regulation of signal transduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


name: activation of adenylate cyclase activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase.


name: positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


positive regulation of axonogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.


name: positive regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity.


heme biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.


name: termination of RNA polymerase I transcription

description: A transcription termination process that completes the production of a ribosomal RNA transcript. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein to specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit.


xenobiotic metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


name: regulation of glucose transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


cyclooxygenase pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2.


mitotic prophase

description: The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


name: nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.


autophagosome maturation

description: Removal of PI3P and Atg8/LC3 after the closure of the phagophore and before the fusion with the endosome/lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects) or vacuole (yeast), and that very likely destabilizes other Atg proteins and thus enables their efficient dissociation and recycling.


transferrin transport

description: The directed movement of transferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

description: A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability.


name: DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest

description: A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle.


sensory perception of taste

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process.


name: regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.


negative regulation of axonogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.


regulation of NMDA receptor activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity.


acyl-CoA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.


name: positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


name: regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.


bicarbonate transport

description: The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


name: regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.


axial mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


regulation of cell motility

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


name: regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.


name: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.


long-chain fatty acid transport

description: The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


keratinization

description: The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.


name: regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.


neurotransmitter transport

description: The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


name: regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

description: The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles.


complement activation, lectin pathway

description: Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.


DNA ligation

description: The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


name: negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


name: regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.


vitamin E metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling

description: The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.


RNA export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


base-excision repair, gap-filling

description: Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template.


name: positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target

description: The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain.


name: regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing

description: A process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs).


CENP-A containing chromatin assembly

description: The formation of chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.


phospholipid transport

description: The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


7-methylguanosine mRNA capping

description: The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the mRNA 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript. Additional methylation can occur on the ribose sugars of the first and second nucleotides adjacent to the m7G nRNA cap. These methylations are often referred to as N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6,2A) and N6,2'-O-dimethylguanosine (m6,2G), respectively.


fatty acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


name: negative regulation of DNA recombination at telomere

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the telomere.


chylomicron remnant clearance

description: The process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


chylomicron assembly

description: The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron.


name: very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly

description: The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle.