thifluzamide

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazole-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dibromo-4-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline. Used to control Rhizoctonia spp. diseases on rice, potatoes, maize, grass and other crops.


lucanthone

A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.


PATEAMINE A

A marine macrodiolide that is isolated from the sponge Mycale hentscheli and exhibits anticancer and antiviral properties


cobalt(2+) sulfate

A compound of cobalt and sulfate in which the ratio of cobalt (+2 oxidation state) to sulfate is 1:1.


PROPAZINE

A  diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.


An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively


lignan

Any phenylpropanoid  derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols, known as monolignols, to a dibenzylbutane skeleton. Note that while individual members of the class have names ending ...lignane, ...lignene, ...lignadiene, etc., the class names lignan, neolignan, etc., do not end with an "e".


marinobufagenin

A cardiotonic steroid secreted by the toad Bufo rubescens and other related species such as Bufo marinus. An endogenous Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, it is a vasoconstrictor with effects similar to digitalis.


phenazone

A  pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.


solasodine

An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills.


DAIDZIN

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is  daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).


An N-nitro compound that is 1,3,5-triazinane in which all three of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens have been replaced by nitro groups. It is widely used in both industrial and military explosives.


DIALLYLDISULFIDE

An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium.


lenvatinib

A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.


FENAMIDONE

A member of the class of imidazolones that is 3,5-dihydroimidazol-4-one substituted at position 2 by a methylthiogroup, at position 3 by an anilino group and at position 5 by phenyl and methyl groups (the S-enantiomer). A fungicide effective against Oomycete diseases such as downy mildew and certain leaf spot diseases.


nickel ferrite

A mixed metal oxide with formula Fe2NiO4.


ROXARSONE

An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.


ranolazine

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.


SILICRISTIN A

A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.


ISOPROPYLBENZENE

An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.


minocycline

A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.


usnic acid

A member of the class of  dibenzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-1(9bH)-one substituted by acetyl groups at positions 2 and 6, hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 and methyl groups at positions 8 and 9b.


name: thrombin receptor-activating peptide SFLLRNPNDKY


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


sufentanil

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


LAPACHOL

A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.


BENZOTRIAZOLE

The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.


CHLOROACETIC ACID

A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.


CRYPTOLEPINE

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.


A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.


PROMETRYN

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylsulfanediyl group at position 6.


linezolid

An organofluorine compound that consists of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one bearing an N-3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl group as well as an acetamidomethyl group at position 5. A synthetic antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to a site on 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents further formation of a functional 70S initiation complex.


SCOPARONE

A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.


PICLORAM

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.


A nucleoside analogue that is cytidine which carries a hydroxy group at the N(4)-positon. It has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza, SARS-CoV , SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.


name: EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor

description: An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that inhibits H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase, EC 3.6.3.10. Such compounds are also known as proton pump inhibitors.


A trichothecene mycotoxin that is deoxynivalenol acetylated on the oxygen at C-3. A skin and eye irritant, along with its 15-acetyl regioisomer and its parent deoxynivalenol it is considered among the most commonly and widely distributed cereal contaminants.


tannic acid

A gallotannin obtained by acylation of the five hydroxy groups of D-glucose by 3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]benzoic acid (a gallic acid dimer).


WOGONIN

A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.


glycidyl methacrylate

An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.


METACETAMOL

A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.


name: testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate


doramapimod

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is an immunomodulator used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis.


IMIDAZOLE

An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.


SPIROXAMINE

The spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone with 3-[ethyl(propyl)amino]propane-1,2-diol. An inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis, it is a broad spectrum agricultural fungicide used particularly against powdery mildew in the production of cereals, bananas and grapes.


coumamycin

A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.


levofloxacin

An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.


carbonyl sulfide

A one-carbon compound in which the carbon atom is attached to an oxygen and a sulfur atom via double bonds.


A triamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by morpholin-4-yl groups while the third hydrogen has been replaced by a 2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-1-yl group. It is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.


omega-hydroxy fatty acid

Any member of the class of naturally-occurring straight-chain fatty acids n carbon atoms long with a carboxyl group at position 1 and a hydroxyl at position n (omega).


cefetamet

A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.


ceric oxide

A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.


stevioside

A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.


anticholesteremic drug

A substance used to lower plasma cholesterol levels.


HEXACONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-hexaconazole. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the 1980s, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


PYRIPROXYFEN

An aromatic ether that consists of propylene glycol having a 2-pyridyl group at the O-1 position and a 4-phenoxyphenyl group at the O-3 position.


astragaloside IV

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is cycloastragenol having  beta-D-xylopyranosyl and beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at positions O-3 and O-6 respectively. It is isolated from Astragalus membranaceus var mongholicus.


An apo carotenoid triterpenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 8'-position.


saponin

A glycoside that is a compound containing one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpenoid or steroid derivative. Found in particular abundance in plant species.


DIECKOL

A phlorotannin isolated from a brown alga Ecklonia cava which exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant activities.


HYDRAZINECARBOXAMIDE

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is urea where one of the amino groups has been replaced with hydrazine.


BOSCALID

A pyridinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-chloronicotinic acid with the amino group of 4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-amine. A fungicide active against a broad range of fungal pathogens including Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Sclerotinia spp. for use on a wide range of crops including fruit, vegetables and ornamentals.


paraformaldehyde macromolecule

A macromolecule composed of repeating methyleneoxy units arising from polymerisation of formaldehyde.


esmolol

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.


A polymer composed of repeating cis-2-methylbut-2-ene units.


ACEPHATE

A  phosphoramide that is  methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.


triterpene

A C30 terpene.


bromate salt

Any salt that has chlorate, [BrO3](-), as the anionic component.


chitosan

An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine residues.


selumetinib

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positions 4, 5, and 6 by fluorine, (4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)amino, and N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)aminocarbonyl groups, respectively. It is a MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor.


trans-astringin

A stilbenoid that is piceatannol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


THIACLOPRID

The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.


Rubiadin

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Rubia yunnanensis.


alexidine

An amphipathic bisbiguanide with a structure consisting of two (2-ethylhexyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.


CHLOROTHALONIL

A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.


NITRIC ACID

A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.


A trichothecene mycotoxin that is deoxynivalenol acetylated on the oxygen at C-15. A skin and eye irritant, along with its 3-acetyl regioisomer and its parent deoxynivalenol it is considered among the most commonly and widely distributed cereal contaminants.


TETRADECANE

A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.


beauvericin

A trimeric cyclodepsipeptide composed from alternating methylphenylalanyl and hydroxyvaleryl residues.


ISOORIENTIN

A flavone C-glycoside consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 6-position.


mycotoxin

Poisonous substance produced by fungi.


An aromatic amino-acid zwitterion arising from deprotonation of the carboxy and 3-hydroxy groups asell as protonation of the amino group of the cationic 3-(3,4-dihydroxypyridinium-1-yl)-L-alanine; major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).


PROTHIOCONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prothioconazole. A fungicide for use both as a seed treatment and foliar spray to treat a variety of diseases in cereals.


FLUAZINAM

A member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens.


ammonium acetate

An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.


A dibenzopyran that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB2 receptor agonist.


dutasteride

An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.


Compounds based on a fused 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.


quizartinib

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the amino groups has been substituted by a 5-tert-butyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group while the other has been substituted by a phenyl group substituted at the para- position by an imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazol-2-yl group that, in turn, is substituted at position 7 by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy group.


A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and methyl groups at positions 3' and 5'. Isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus, it has been shown to exhibit inhibitory effects on the viral neuraminidases from two influenza viral strains, H1N1 and H9N2.


A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at position 1 by a 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-2-yl group.


A nitroalkane that is propane substituted at C-1 by a nitro group.


AZADIRADIONE

A  tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 4,4,8-trimethylandrosta-1,14-diene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 16, an acetoxy group at position 7 and a furan-3-yl group at position 17. Isolated from Azadirachta indica, it exhibits antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.


GINSENOSIDE RG2

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


name: St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution


aldehydo-D-allose

A D-allose in open-chain form.


cannabinoid receptor antagonist

An antagonist that binds to and deactivates cannabinoid receptors.


SULFURIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER

The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.


The simplest member of the class of neoflavones that is coumarin substituted by a phenyl group at position 4.


AMOXICILLIN/CLAVULANIC ACID

A mixture composed of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate; a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The potassium clavulanate component is particularly active against the clinically important plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases frequently responsible for transferred drug resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins.


FLUORENE

An ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon that is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives


ERIODICTYOL

A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.


FENPROPIDIN

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenpropidin. A systemic fungicide, it is used for the control of foliar diseases in cereals and sugar beet.


name: sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate


methyl methacrylate

An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.


tibolone

Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.


PENTAGALLOYL GLUCOSE

A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.


GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


calcium chloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of calcium chloride.


A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.


HESPERIDIN

A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


Ro 40-6055

An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)benzoic acid with the anilino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid. A selective RARalpha agonist.


emetine

A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.


MORUSIN

An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.


L-arginine

An L-alpha-amino acid that is the L-isomer of arginine.


A C-nitro compound in which the nitro group is attached at C-4 of m-cresol.


gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of glutamic acid with the amino group of Se-methylselenocysteine.


kahweol

A diterpenoid with formula C20H26O3, isolated from the beans of Coffea arabica. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis and anti-proliferative properties.


B 581

A dipeptide obtained from the tetrapeptide Cys-Val-Phe-Met by reduction of the amide carbonyl groups of the Cys and Val residues.


An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]aniline.


diamine

Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.


ETHYLBENZENE

An  alkylbenzene carrying an ethyl substituent. It is a constituent of coal tar and petroleum.


albiflorin

A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.


cefmenoxime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position and a [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the 3-position.


A neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry except for that at the 9' position, which is cis.


nicorandil

A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.


wedelolactone

A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3.


myriocin

An amino acid-based antibiotic derived from certain thermophilic fungi; acts as a potent inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first step in sphingosine biosynthesis. Myriocin also possesses immunosuppressant activity.


ASTRAGALIN

A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


gypenoside LXXV

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta,  12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


ROBINETIN

A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.


A mononitrotoluene that is toluene carrying a nitro substituent at position 2.


metolazone

A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.


A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


QUERCETAGETIN

A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.


cefuroxime

A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.


FENBUCONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenbuconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, black rot and scab.


TETRACONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-tetraconazole.  A fungicide used to control a range of fungal infections including powdery mildew, rusts, bunt, loose smut and scab.


ISOVITEXIN

A C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6.


HEXAFLUMURON

An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.


tectorigenin

A methoxyisoflavone that is  isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' respectively.


DINOPHYSISTOXIN 1

A ketal that is a marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid.  Produced by dinoflagellates it is known to accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning. It is an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and PP2A and has been shown to promote cancer cell growth in tumour cell lines and animal models.


palytoxin

A polyol marine coelenterate toxin composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides and produced by species of Palythoa and Zoanthus soft corals (collectively called zoantharians), either as a defence mechanism or to assist them in capturing prey. An ionophore that forms cation channels through Na+/K+-ATPase, it is a potent vasoconstrictor useful in evaluation of anti-angina agents. It is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.


SCLAREOL

A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.


An organobromine compound that is dibenzodioxine carrying four bromo substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8.


The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.


barium chloride

The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.


aldrithiol

A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a pyridin-2-yldisulfanediyl group at position 2. It is a reagent used in molecular biology as an oxidizing agent. Also used in peptide synthesis and for detecting thiols.


A diastereomer of protopanaxadiol in which the 20-hydroxy substituent has been introduced at the pro-R position.


tungstate

A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from tungstic acid.


ginsenoside Rg3

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


CHRYSIN DIMETHYL ETHER

A dimethoxyflavone that is the  5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of chrysin.


PERILLALDEHYDE

An aldehyde that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde substituted by a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.


clofarabine

A purine nucleoside analogue consisting of a 6-amino-2-chloropurin-9-yl group attached to the 1beta position of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-D-arabinofuranose. It is metabolized intracellularly to the active 5'-triphosphate metabolite, which inhibits DNA synthesisis and so stops the growth of cancer cells. Clofarabine is used as an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent in the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.


SYRINGIC ACID

A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.


8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP

A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.


BENZOXAZOLINONE

A member of the class of benzoxazoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole carrying an oxo group at position 2.


coronene

A ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of six peri-fused benzene rings.


An aromatic ether that is diphenyl ether substituted by a 2-hydroxy-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl group at position 1, trifluoromethyl group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 4.


cinacalcet

A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.


A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.


sporidesmin A

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that has formula C18H20ClN3O6S2, produced by the saprophyte fungus Pithomyces chartarum. It is a mycotoxin responsible for the hepatogenous photosensitisation disease facial eczema in ruminants.


ASTAXANTHIN

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.


A diamine that is toluene in which both of the hydrogens ortho- to the methyl group are replaced by amino groups.


A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of  Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.


lasalocid

A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.


IMAZAMOX

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-imazamox. An inhibitor of acetohydroxyacid synthase, it is used (particularly as the corresponding ammonium salt, known as imazamox-ammonium) as a herbicide for the control of grass, broad-leaf weeds, and pond weed.


A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.


diphenylcyclopropenone

A cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions.


oridonin

An organic heteropentacyclic compound and ent-kaurane diterpenoid with formula C20H28O6 isolated from the leaves of the medicinal herb Rabdosia rubescens.


ERIOCITRIN

A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


BENFOTIAMINE

A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation.


methionine sulfoximine

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .


antifungal drug

Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals.


luzindole

A member of the class of indoles that is tryptamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group while the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a benzyl group.


ELESCLOMOL

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy groups of malonic acid with the hydrino groups of two molar equivalents of N-methylbenzenecarbothiohydrazide


The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.


A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


GLIOTOXIN

A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.


salsalate

A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.


TRICLOPYR

A monocarboxylic acid that is (pyridin-2-yloxy)acetic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3, 5 and 6. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.


fasudil

An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.


MANUMYCIN A

A polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties.


iomeprol

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.


fipronil-sulfone

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl, and amino groups, respectively. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical fipronil.


A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is an mTOR inhibitor and shows anti-tumour properties.


clodronic acid

An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.


ximelagatran

A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted into the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted to the corresponding hydroxylamine. Tautomeric with the oxime form of ximelagatran.


INUVISCOLIDE

A sesquiterpene lactone that is decahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a methyl group at position 5 and methylidene groups at positions 3 and 8 (the 3aR,4aR,5R,7aS,9aS stereoisomer). Isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


bacitracin A zwitterion

A homodetic cyclic peptide consisting of (4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid attached head-to-tail to L-leucyl,D-glutamyl, L-lysyl, D-ornityl, L-isoleucyl, D-phenylalanyl, L-histidyl. D-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues coupled in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the side-chain amino group of the L-lysyl residue with the C-terminal carboxylic acid group. It is the major component of bacitracin.


BRYOSTATIN 1

A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.


ROSMARINIC ACID

A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.


sodium silicate

An inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.


pracinostat

A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.


An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which the hydrogen alpha- to the keto group has been replaced by a methylamino group.


QUINAZOLINE

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


fexagratinib

A member of the class of  benzamides  that is a carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(cis-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid with the amino substituent of 5-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-amine. It is an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


piperidine

An azacycloalkane that is cyclohexane in which one of the carbons is replaced by a nitrogen. It is a metabolite of cadaverine, a polyamine found in the human intestine.


beta-carboline

The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.


dioscin

A spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of diosgenin via a glycosidic linkage.


ANTROQUINONOL

An enone that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3, a methyl group at position 6 and a (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-yl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R,6R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the solid-state fermented mycelium of the fungus Antrodia camphorata and has been found to exhibit potent cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines. However, a synthesis-enabled biological re-examination published in 2016, revealed minimal in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity in preclinical models.


borane

The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.


alpha-amanitin

A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris.


rubitecan

A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.


PD 168393

A member of the class of quinazolines carrying bromoanilino and acrylamido substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively.


semaxanib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.


selinexor

A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by (1Z)-3-oxo-3-[2-(pyrazin-2-yl)hydrazinyl]prop-1-en-1-yl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a prescription medicine approved for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.


fucoxanthin

An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.


trioxsalen

7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.


axitinib

An indazole substituted at position 3 by a 2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl group and at position 6 by a 2-(N-methylaminocarboxy)phenylsulfanyl group. Used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma after failure of a first line systemic treatment.


poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)

A poly(ethylene glycol) compound terminated with methacrylate groups.


(+)-albicanol

A drimane-type sesquiterpenoid orginally isolated from the liverwort Diplophyllum albicans. It exhibits fish antifeedant, antifungal and antineoplastic activities.


acadesine

A 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide in which the carboxamide group is situated at position 4 of the imidazole ring, which is further substituted at position 5 by an amino group. A purine nucleoside analogue and activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, it is  is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is reported to have cardioprotective effects.


potassium iodide

A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.


An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).


hapten

Any substance capable of eliciting an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein. Examples include dinitrophenols; oligosaccharides; peptides; and heavy metals.


The primary amino compound that is 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) substituted at the 4- (para-) position by a nitro group.


omaveloxolone

A semi-synthetic triterpenoid drug. It is an Nrf2 activator that is approved for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia in adults and adolescents aged 16 years and older.


A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.


pevonedistat

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.


A 26-amino acid peptide with formula C129H230N36O29S.  It is a cell permeable inhibitor of NF-kappaB translocation.


IODOMETHANE

A member of the class of  iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.


benzyl bromide

A member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine.


cefepime

A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


memantine

A primary aliphatic amine that is the 3,5-dimethyl derivative of 1-aminoadamantane. A low to moderate affinity uncompetitive (open-channel); NMDA receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels.


CUCURBITACIN E

A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 1, 5 and 23.


fluorocarbon

Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.


isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


ARV-825 is a PROTAC connected by ligands for Cereblon and BRD4. ARV-825 binds to BD1 and BD2 of BRD4.


alpha-methyltryptamine

A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.


A member of the class of  phenols that is phenol carrying an allyl group at position 2.


KT 5823

An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.


etidronic acid

A  1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.


trolamine

A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


isoprene

A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.


sodium nitrite

An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.


hydromorphone

A  morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.


LOGANIN

An  iridoid monoterpenoid with formula C17H26O10 that is isolated from several plant species and exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.


cetrorelix

A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.


maleic acid

A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.


A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.


selisistat

A member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole  which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine.


galaxolide

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 6, 7, 8 and 8 respectively. It is a synthetic musk used as a fragrance in cosmetics.


ferbam

A dithiocarbamate salt that is the iron(III) salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. Formerly used as a fungicide.


aztreonam

A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.


DIHYDRORESVERATROL

A stilbenol that is 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4'.


cobalt(II) acetate

A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is acetate.


MEPHEDRONE

An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes.


DELPHINIDIN CHLORIDE

An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.


PROPHAM

A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes.


stattic

A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene-1,1-dioxide substituted at position 6 by a nitro group. Used as a radiosensitising agent for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.


tricaine

A benzoate ester that is the ethyl ester of 3-aminobenzoic acid. Used (in the form of its methanesulfonate salt) as an anaesthetic for fish.


Terbuthylazine

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.


LATRUNCULIN B

A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.


clavulanic acid

Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.


desulfated gastrin-17

One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.


A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.


alginic acid

A linear copolymer macromolecule composed of homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked beta-D-mannuronic acid and alpha-L-guluronic acid residues, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks.


4-bromophenyl phenyl ether

An aromatic ether that is diphenyl ether substituted at position 4 by a bromo group.


A chloroethanol carrying a chloro substituent at position 2.


KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.


ZERUMBONE

A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith,  grown particularly in southeast Asia.


carglumic acid

A urea that is the N-carbamoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. An orphan drug used to treat a deficiency in the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase, which leads to acute hyperammonaemia.


AUREUSIDIN

A  hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3' and 4' respectively.


omacetaxine mepesuccinate

A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.


The acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.


OXAMATE

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.


name: bis-N,N-dimethylamino-2-(N-methylpyrrolyl)methyl cyclopentadienyl titanium (IV)


dipropyl disulfide

An organic disulfide where the alkyl groups specified are propyl. It is a component of the essential oils obtained from Allium.


INTERMEDINE

A thirteen amino acid peptide hormone consisting of N-acetyl-L-Ser, L-Tyr, L-Ser, L-Met, L-Glu, L-His, L-Phe, L-Arg, L-Trp, Gly, L-Lys, L-Pro and L-valinamide units joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous melanocortin receptor agonist that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


fentin acetate

An organotin compound that is the O-acetyl derivative of triphenyltin hydroxide. A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans.


melamine

A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.


purines

A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives.


P-CYMENE

A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.


suramin

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.


m-tyramine

A primary amino compound that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.


pyrazole

A  monocyclic heteroarene that is a five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 2.


nystatin

A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.


A fluorotelomer alcohol that is ethanol substituted at position 2 by a perfluorooctyl group.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.


cPTIO

A mmeber of the class of imidazolines and organic radical that is 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-3lambda(5)-imidazol-1-yl]oxidanyl substituted at position 2 by a 4-carboxyphenyl group.


Kaletra

A mixture containing lopinavir and ritonavir. It is a prescription medicine that is used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in adults and children 14 days of age and older.


GINSENOSIDE RF

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


butorphanol

Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.


liraglutide

A lipopeptide that is an analogue of human GLP-1 in which the lysine residue at position 27 is replaced by arginine and a hexadecanoyl group attached to the remaining lysine via a glutamic acid spacer. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


TAMARIXETIN

A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae.


An organochlorine compound that is pyridine substituted at position 2 by a chloromethyl group.


gadodiamide

A non-ionic gadolinium chelate having a macrocyclic triamine framework. It is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


ethambutol

An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.


alpha-hexylcinnamaldehyde

A member of the class of  cinnamaldehydes carrying a hexyl substituent at the alpha-position.


camostat

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.


gadobutrol

A gadolinium coordination entity consisting of a central Gd(III) atom bound to a macrocyclic tetraamine framework. It is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


phenanthridone

A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity.


picropodophyllin

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and hydroxy substituents.


FLUTOLANIL

A member of the class of benzamides, obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 3-(ispropyloxy)aniline.  A fungicide used to control a range of pathogens especially Rhizoctonia spp. on rice, turf and other crops.


telbivudine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that is the L-enantiomer of thymine. A synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV DNA polymerase.


TRIFLOXYSTROBIN

The methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino)[2-({[(E)-{1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino]oxy}methyl)phenyl]acetic acid. A foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes


pelabresib

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4H-[1,2]oxazolo[5,4-d][2]benzazepine substituted by methyl, 2-amino-2-oxoethyl, and 4-chlorophenyl groups at positions 1, 4S and 6, respectively. It is a small molecule inhibitor of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins and exhibits antineoplastic activity.


PYRAOXYSTROBIN

An enoate ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-2-[2-({[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoic acid. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a variety of diseases on rice, vegetables and teas.


pirfenidone

A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.


A naphthalenediamine compound having amino substituents in the 1- and 5-positions.


calcium oxalate

The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).


A member of the class of tryptamines that is tryptamine substituted by a methyl group at position 5.


GARDENIN B

A tetramethoxyflavone that is  tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


RHAPONTIN

A rhaponticin in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antitumour, antiinflammatory, antilipemic and neuroprotective activities.


VECURONIUM BROMIDE

The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.


MECOPROP

A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.


(aminomethyl)phosphonic acid

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate.


BAICALEIN TRIMETHYL ETHER

A trimethoxyflavone that is the 5,6,7-trimethyl ether derivative of baicalein. It has been isolated from the plant Callicarpa japonica and has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity.


hydroxycitronellal

The tertiary alcohol arising from addition of water across the C=C double bond of citronellal.


diazoxide

A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.


cosmetic

The role played by a substance in enhancing the appearance or odour of the human body; a name given to the substance itself or to a component of it.


gallocatechin

A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from  Acacia mearnsii.


epicatechin gallate

A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.


tacedinaline

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid with one of the amino groups of 1,2-phenylenediamine. An oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells and normal stem-cells. Also used in combination therapy for selected tumors including non-smoll cell lung, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers.


lipid A (E. coli)

The glycolipid moiety of the lipopolysaccharide produced by E. coli.


An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 5 position on the ring.


patchouli alcohol

A carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.0(3,8)]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer).


neomycin

A broad-spectrum highly toxic antibiotic or mixture of antibiotics produced by a streptomyces (Streptomyces fradiae) and used medically especially to treat local infections.


musk xylene

A C-nitro compound that is m-xylene bearing three nitro substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 as well as a tert-butyl group at position 5.


ARISTOLOCHIC ACID II

An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions and by a nitro group at position 10.


xanthones

Any member of the class of  xanthenes based on a xanthone skeleton.


ammonium hexachloroplatinate

An ammonium salt comprising separate ammonium cations and octahedral [PtCl6](2-) anions.


A 6-isopentenylaminopurine in which has the isopentenyl double bond is located between the 2 and 3 positions of the isopentenyl group.


An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.


dolutegravir

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (4R,12aS)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine. Used (as its sodium salt) for treatment of HIV-1.


Azobenzene substituted at the phenyl 4-positions by an amino and a nitro group.


DIMINAZENE DIACETURATE

An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.


octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

A cyclosiloxane that is the octamethyl derivative of  cyclotetrasiloxane.


DAPT

A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor.


neticonazole

An enamine that is ethene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, and 2 by o-pentoxyphenyl, 1H-imidazol-1-yl, and methylthio groups, respectively (the E isomer). An inhibitor of P450-dependent C-14alpha-demethylation of lanosterol (preventing conversion to ergosterol and inhibiting cell wall synthesis in fungi), it is used in Japan (generally as the corresponding hydrochloride salt) as an antifungal drug for the treatment of superficial skin infections.


METAXON

A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


PURPURIN

A trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4.


alliin zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion that is allin in which a proton has been transferred from the carboxy group to the amino group. It is the major species at pH 7.3.


DIOXINODEHYDROECKOL

A phlorotannin that is [1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-a]oxanthrene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6, 9 and 11. Isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera, it exhibits radical scavenging activity.


isosakuranetin

A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).


scutellarin

The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.


name: 2-amino-6-chloro-alpha-cyano-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-acetic acid ethyl ester


A  methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.


irilone

A hydroxyisoflavone that is 6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'.


SODIUM BISULFITE

An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.


prunetin

A hydroxyisoflavone that is  genistein  in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group.


alborixin

A polyether antibiotic that is isolated from cultures of a strain of Streptomyces albus.


orotic acid

A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.


HERBACETIN

A pentahydroxyflavone that is kaempferol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a natural flavonoid from flaxseed which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.


trichloroacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.


GIBBERELLIN A3

A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants.  Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.


tigecycline

Tetracycline in which the hydroxy group at position 5 and the methyl group at position 6 are replaced by hydrogen, and with a dimethylamino substituent and an (N-tert-butylglycyl)amino substituent at positions 7 and 9, respectively. A glycylcycline antibiotic, it has activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including tetracycline-resistant organisms. It is used for the intravenous treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible organisms.


A L-valine derivative that is 3-methyl-L-valine in which carboxy OH group is replaced by a methylnitrilo group and the one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2R)-2-{(1S)-1-[formyl(hydroxy)amino]ethyl}-5-phenylpentanoyl group. It is a potent MMP9 and ADAM10 metalloprotease inhibitor with IC50 of 2.5 and 5.3 nM, respectively.


7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid

The  alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is the active nucleus for the synthesis of cephalosporins and intermediates.


name: Amb a I protein, Ambrosia artemisiifolia


glutaral

A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.


name: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 1


euflavine

A mixture comprising 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride (usually 60-70%) and 3,6-diaminoacridine monohydrochloride (usually 40-30%).


PEPSTATIN

A pentapeptide isolated from Streptomyces testaceus. It is a potent inhibitor of aspartyl proteases.


teriflunomide

An  enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. Used for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.


TRICIRIBINE

A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.


monotropein

An iridoid monoterpenoid that is 1,4a,7,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 1, a carboxylic acid group at position 4, and at position 7 by a hydroxy and hydroxymethyl groups respectively (the 1S,4aS,7R,7aS diastereomer).


linagliptin

A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.


divinyl sulfone

A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.


trans-methylferulate

A cinnamate ester that is the methyl ester of ferulic acid. It has been isolated from Pisonia aculeata.


SOLANESOL

A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).


A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.


NEOBAVAISOFLAVONE

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone with an additonal hydroxy group at position 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, it exhibits inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase and platelet aggregation.


sialic acid

Any of the N-acylneuraminic acids and their esters and other derivatives of the alcoholic hydroxy groups.


S-allylcysteine zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of S-allylcysteine. Major species at pH 7.3.


linoleylanilide

A fatty amide conjugate of linoleic acid and aniline.


ARJUNOLIC ACID

A  pentacyclic triterpenoid that is  olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.


diosmin

A disaccharide derivative that consists of  diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


DIMBOA

A lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants.


antioxidant

A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.


cyclizine

An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.


name: manganese tetrakis-(N-ethyl-2 pyridyl) porphyrin


ospemifene

An organochlorine compound that is a selective estrogen receptor modulator; used for treatment of dyspareunia.


2-hydroxylinoleic acid

A 2-hydroxy fatty acid derived from linoleic acid.


name: Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer


HALOXYFOP-P-METHYL

A methyl 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate that has R configuration. It is a proherbicide (by hydrolysis of the methyl ester) for the herbicide haloxyfop-P, the most active enantiomer of the racemic herbicide haloxyfop.


chromium(3+) trichloride hexahydrate

The hexahydrate of chromium(3+) trichloride.


METHYL CARBAMATE

A carbamate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of carbamic acid with methanol.


palmitoleoyl ethanolamide

An N-acylethanolamine 16:1 that is the ethanolamide of palmitoleic acid.


aprepitant

A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.


trilobatin

An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is phloretin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from the leaves of the Chinese sweet tea Lithocarpus polystachyus and exhibits significant anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.


AGATHISFLAVONE

A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-6 and C-8 of the two chromene rings.


isoquinolines

A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives.


gentisic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.


HOMOERIODICTYOL

A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.


ZINGERONE

A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.


dimethyl fumarate

An enoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of fumaric acid with methanol. Used for treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.


oxaprozin

A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is  non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


milrinone

A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2-pyridone which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 6 by cyano, pyrid-4-yl, and methyl groups, respectively. It is used (particularly intravenously, as the lactate) for the short-term management of severe heart failure.


PYOCYANIN

An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


sodium tungstate

An inorganic sodium salt having tungstate as the counterion. Combines with hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones.


LEUPEPTIN

A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and argininal residues joined in sequenceby peptide linkages. It is an inhibitor of the calpains, a family of calcium-activated proteases which promote cell death.


ferric citrate

An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).


BIS(ETHYL)NORSPERMINE

N(1),N(11)-bis(ethyl)norspermine (DENSPM), a N-terminally alkylated tetraamine and polyamine mimetics, disrupts polyamine pool homeostasis by modulating the activities of the biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC).


Ubiquinone Qo

A derivative of benzoquinone carrying a 5-methyl substituent; and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. The core structure of the ubiquinone group of compounds.


JAK inhibitor I

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]imidazo[4,5-f]isoquinolin-7-one bearing additional tert-butyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2 and 9 respectively.


PHOSALONE

A member of the class of  1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.


orazamide

An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.


PHORBOL

A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.


(E)-beta-caryophyllene

A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.


calcium carbonate

A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.


inorganic molecular entity

A molecular entity that contains no carbon.


insulin

An insulin that is produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two peptide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other containing 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes.


bictegravir

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.


tianeptine

A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.


PHENYLMETHYLSULFONYLFLUORIDE

An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.


CONCANAMYCIN A

A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.


clindamycin

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the  semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.


name: 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


baricitinib

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by a 1-[3-(cyanomethyl)-1-(ethanesulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl group at position 5. It is an FDA approved selective Janus Kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1 and JAK2) inhibitor used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.


fluprostenol

An organofluorine compound that is racemic prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of its isopropyl ester prodrug, travoprost, are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. The isopropyl ester group of travoprost is hydrolysed to the biologically active free acid by esterases in the cornea.


CUDRAFLAVONE B

An extended flavonoid that consists of a pyranochromane skeleton that is 2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-6-one substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2, a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 8, a hydroxy group at position 5 and a prenyl group at position 7. Isolated from Morus alba and Morus species it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


GLYCERYL TRIOLEATE

A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.


deferiprone

A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.


3-hydroxypicolinic acid

A monohydroxypyridine that is picolinic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of oligonucleotides.


norethindrone acetate

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.


fumagillin

A meroterpenoid resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of fumagillol with the carboxylic acid group of (all-E)-deca-2,4,6,8-tetraenedioic acid. Originally isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, it is used for the control of Nosema infection in honey bees.


GALUTEOLIN

A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN

A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.


name: eugenol, zinc oxide dental cavity lining


saroglitazar

A monocarboxylic acid that is (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens of the p-ethoxy substituent has been replaced by the nitrogen of 2-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole. An agonist at the subtypes alpha and gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with predominant PPARalpha activity, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


bentonite

An aluminosilicate mineral consisting mostly of montmorillonite. The different types of bentonite (aluminium bentonite; calcium bentonite; potassium bentonite; sodium bentonite) are named after their dominant element.


beta-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate

A 6-O-sulfo-D-glucosamine in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


nitrogen

An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms.


LAVOLTIDINE

A triazole that consists of 1,2,4-triazole bearing a methyl substituent at position 1, a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 3 and a {3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}amino group at position 5. A highly potent and selective H2-receptor antagonist.


HYDROXYSAFFLOR YELLOW A

A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).


zolmitriptan

A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.


COSTUNOLIDE

A germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities.


A 2-keto-xylose having D-threo configuration; a degradation product of D-ascorbic acid.


novobiocin

A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.


myricitrin

A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.


herbimycin

A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.


icosapent

A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.


HYPEROSIDE

A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.


A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linoleic acid.


ritodrine

A 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol that has (1S,2R)-configuration.


dienogest

A steroid hormone that is 17beta-hydroxy-3-oxoestra-4,9-diene substituted at position 17 by a cyanomethyl group. Used as an oral contraceptive.


A C-nucleoside analog that is (2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile substituted by a 4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl group at position 2. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir and exhibits a broad range of inhibitory activity against various RNA viruses including HCV, parainfluenza and SARS-CoV.


bergapten

A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.


cilnidipine

A diesterified 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium channel blocker, it is used as an antihypertensive.


THEANINE

A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.


nafcillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.


proflavine

An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.


SALUBRINAL

A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).


CANNABIGEROLIC ACID

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a geranyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.


name: EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor

description: An EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.30).


VITEXIN

An apigenin flavone glycoside, which is found in the passion flower, bamboo leaves and pearl millet


TEPHROSIN

A member of the class of rotenones that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted with geminal methyl groups at position 3, hydroxy group at position 7a and methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10 (the 7aR,13aR stereoisomer). It is isolated from the leaves and twigs of Antheroporum pierrei and exhibits antineoplastic and pesticidal activities.


glycitin

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4' and a  beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7.


name: [[(2R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate


DIMETHYLADENINE

A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups.


FENPROPIMORPH

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenpropimorph. It is a systemic fungicide, used to control a variety of fungal diseases in cereal crops.


DAZOMET

A dithiocarbamic ester that is 1,3,5-thiadiazinane with a thione moiety at position 2 and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A fungicide, herbicide and nematicide, it is used prior to sowing or planting for the control of soil fungi, nematodes, bacteria and germinating weeds, and as fumigant for poultry litter and eggs to control Salmonella. It is a non-ozone-depleting alternative to methyl bromide.


chromium trinitrate

An inorganic nitrate salt consisting of chromium and nitrate in which the ratio of chromium (in the +3 oxidation state) to nitrate is 1:3


name: 1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester


chromium trioxide

A chromium oxide composed of a single chromium bound (oxidation state +6) to three oxygens; the acidic anhydride of chromic acid.


ARTEMISINIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl group (the 1S,4R,4aS,8aR diastereoisomer). It is a sesquiterpenoid precursor of artemisinin, obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua.


dioleoylphosphatidic acid

A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.


CHLOZOLINATE

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-chlozolinate. An obsolete fungicide, formerly used as a foliar spray against Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.


orciprenaline

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.


desmopressin

A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function.


flavylium

A member of the class of chromenyliums that is chromenylium with a phenyl substituent at position 2.


DECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.


A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by pyridin-4-yl and {[(3R)-1-(2-oxo-2-{4-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 (IC50 = 4 and 1 nM, respectively) that exhibits anti-cancer properties.


beta-damascenone

A cyclic monoterpene ketone that is 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene substituted at position 1 by a crotonoyl group.


carbohydrate

Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.


ISOLARICIRESINOL

A lignan that is  5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol substituted by hydroxymethyl groups at positions 6 and 7, a methoxy group at position 3 and a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 8. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


CANAGLIFLOZIN

A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.


A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.


potassium tellurite

A potassium salt consisting of potassium and tellurite ions in a 2:1 ratio.


manganese sulfate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of manganese(II) sulfate.


wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide

The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin.


dapagliflozin

A C-glycosyl comprising beta-D-glucose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl group. Used (in the form of its propanediol monohydrate) to improve glycemic control, along with diet and exercise, in adults with type 2 diabetes.


tadalafil

A pyrazinopyridoindole that is 2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydropyrazino[1',2':1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group (the 6R,12aR-diastereomer). A phosphodiesterase V inhibitor inhibitor, currently marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction under the name Cialis; and under the name Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


sodium selenide

An inorganic sodium salt having selenide as the counterion.


ISOPROTURON

A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.


DIMETHYL MALEATE

A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with methanol. It is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.


ilomastat

An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor


amarogentin

A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a  2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage.


A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and  L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist.


nitisinone

A cyclohexanone that is cyclohexane-1,3-dione substituted at position 2 by a 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl group. It is used in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1.


name: EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor

description: An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98).


AURANTIOOBTUSIN

A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,3,7-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 8, and by a methyl group at position 6.


dopaminergic antagonist

A drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists.


fluocinolone acetonide

A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.


CHLORANIL

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.


dabigatran

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug  dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.


name: dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin conjugate


A retinoid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the methyl group at position 9 is replaced by a 4-methylphenyl group. It is an inhibitor of activator protein-1 which exhibits antitumour effects in vivo.


A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.


bilobalide

A terpenoid trilactone found in extracts of Ginkgo biloba.


mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate

A phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-ethyl-5-oxohexan-1-ol.


AMPELOPSIN

An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.


diethyl ether

An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.


BAY 60-6583

A member of the class of cyanopyridines that is 6-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylpyridine in which the hydroxy and sulfanyl hydrogens are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl and carboxamidomethyl groups respectively.


methyl 4-methoxycinnamate

An alkyl cinnamate obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of 4-methoxycinnamic acid with methanol.


cisatracurium

A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion  consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.  The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.


RADICICOL

An antifungal macrolactone antibiotic, obtained from Diheterospora chlamydosporia and Chaetomium chiversii that inhibits protein tyrosine kinase and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90).


CANTHAXANTHIN

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.


DINOSEB

A  racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.


XANTHONE

The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.


TETRAHYDROFURAN

A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.


NAPHTHAZALIN

A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.


nirogacestat

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.


Iodobenzene substituted at C-2 and -4 with nitro groups.


THIOPHENE

Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.


keto-L-sorbose

A ketohexose often involved in the commercial production of vitamin C. It has been found to occur naturally in grapes.


cefadroxil monohydrate

The hydrate that is the monohydrate of the cephalosporin cefadroxil.


bambuterol

A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.


FILIPIN

A macrolide that is the major component of a mixture of four isomeric polyene macrolides isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis.


ALPHA-HEDERIN

A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.