double-stranded methylated DNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.


siRNA binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.


protein localization to presynapse

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.


proprioception

description: The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.


glucocorticoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


name: nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

description: The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.


cardiolipin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


biogenic amine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


conditioned place preference

description: The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve in the medulla that lies under the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. The cell bodies for the preganglionic parasympathetic vagal neurons that innervate the heart reside in the nucleus ambiguus.[WP,unvetted].


motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

description: Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing cells that give rise to motor innervation of the jaw through the trigeminal nerve. It receives both crossed and uncrossed fibers from the cerebral cortex (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1996, pg 248).


name: negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


embryonic epithelial tube formation

description: The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.


name: negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


sperm entry

description: An endocytosis process that results in penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur.


name: PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.


mitochondrial ribosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.


mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.


regulation of mitochondrial translation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


name: matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the mitochondrial inner membrane that faces the matrix.


'de novo' protein folding

description: The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.


name: chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


protein refolding

description: The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


name: protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space

description: The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.


name: positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter.


name: formation of translation preinitiation complex

description: The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.


RNA polymerase II core complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II core complex.


RNA polymerase III assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase III complex.


RNA polymerase I assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I complex.


name: 5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.


name: tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


germ cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cadmium ion binding

description: Binding to a cadmium ion (Cd).


name: regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.


name: regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


L-gamma-glutamyl-L-amino acid(1-)

A peptide anion that is the conjugate base of an L-gamma-glutamyl-L-amino acid.


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


telomerase holoenzyme complex

description: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.


mRNA transport

description: The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phosphatidic acid binding

description: Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


heme transport

description: The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: TMM11_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 11, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A transmembrane protein 11, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MIC25_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC25 (sprot)

description: A MICOS complex subunit MIC25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: DJC11_HUMAN DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 (sprot)

description: A DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MIC13_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC13 (sprot)

description: A MICOS complex subunit MIC13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MIC27_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC27 (sprot)

description: A MICOS complex subunit MIC27 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MIC26_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC26 (sprot)

description: A MICOS complex subunit MIC26 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MIC60_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC60 (sprot)

description: A MICOS complex subunit MIC60 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MIC10_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC10 (sprot)

description: A MICOS complex subunit MIC10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: WWP1_MOUSE NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1 (sprot)

description: A NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


xylulose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


name: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


heme A biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme A, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


heme O biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


heme B biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


name: very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a very long-chain fatty acid. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


sulfate transport

description: The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.


wax biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


ethylene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


icosanoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


name: halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.


benzene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.


coumarin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation.


name: long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


trehalose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose, a disaccharide that consists of two molecules of glucose and is isomeric with sucrose.


allantoin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.


urea catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.


L-histidine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


homoserine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


allantoin assimilation pathway

description: The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP.


glycerol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


glutamate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


glutamine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


name: glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


L-homocysteine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


amino acid:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).


metal cation:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: metal ion(in) + H+(out) = metal ion(out) + H+(in).


sialic acid:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + H+(out) = sialate(in) + H+(in).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + 3,4-dehydro-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate.


NADH pyrophosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H2O = AMP + NMNH + 2 H+.


UDP-glycosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from a UDP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule.


protein repair

description: The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.


acetylcholine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


cysteine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.


agmatine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate.


name: lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lysophosphatidic acid + H2O = phosphate + monoacylglycerol.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.


copper sulfate

The pentahydrate of copper(2+) sulfate. A bright blue crystalline solid.


phloretin

A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2', 4' and 6'.


DIOXANE

A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.


lonidamine

A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.


name: MINP1_HUMAN Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (sprot)

description: A multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OSB10_HUMAN Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 10 (sprot)

description: An oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OSBL8_HUMAN Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8 (sprot)

description: An oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OSBL5_HUMAN Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 (sprot)

description: An oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-12 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-12 receptor.


name: I12R2_MOUSE Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-2 (sprot)

description: An interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


NAD(+)

The oxidised form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide found in all living cells. In metabolism, NAD(+) is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another.


corrinoid adenosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + 2 corrinoid + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 2 adenosylcorrinoid + 3 H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 2 triphosphate. The corrinoid can be cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide, cob(II)inamide or cob(II)alamin.


N-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + CoA + H+.


description: Catalysis of 5-taurinomethyluridine in tRNA + a [protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine in tRNA + a [protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


hydroxylysine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine + GTP = 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine + GDP + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


name: nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP.


name: induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform 1 cleaved 1 (mouse)

description: An induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform 1 cleaved 1 in mouse. It lacks the N-terminal portion encompassing 33 amino acids. This form is generated by cleavage within the mitochondrial matrix. UniProtKB:P97287-1, 34-331.


name: ADPRS_HUMAN ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 (sprot)

description: An ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PPA6_HUMAN Lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 (sprot)

description: A lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ABHDA_HUMAN Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase ABHD10, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A palmitoyl-protein thioesterase ABHD10, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: AK1BF_HUMAN Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B15 (sprot)

description: An aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SIR4_HUMAN NAD-dependent protein lipoamidase sirtuin-4, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An NAD-dependent protein lipoamidase sirtuin-4, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase, mitochondrial isoform 1 (human)

description: An ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase, mitochondrial isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYMM_HUMAN Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A methionyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYIM_HUMAN Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYVM_HUMAN Valine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A valine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYTM_HUMAN Threonine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A threonine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYRM_HUMAN Probable arginine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A probable arginine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYNM_HUMAN Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (sprot)

description: An asparagine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYLM_HUMAN Leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYAM_HUMAN Alanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An alanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYCM_HUMAN Probable cysteine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A probable cysteine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYFM_HUMAN Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A phenylalanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYHM_HUMAN Histidine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A histidine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYPM_HUMAN Probable proline--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A probable proline--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: SYEM_HUMAN Nondiscriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EARS2, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A nondiscriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase EARS2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: KAD4_HUMAN Adenylate kinase 4, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An adenylate kinase 4, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NUD13_HUMAN NAD(P)H pyrophosphatase NUDT13, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An NAD(P)H pyrophosphatase NUDT13, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: pseudouridylate synthase 1 homolog isoform h1 (human)

description: A pseudouridylate synthase 1 homolog (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9Y606-1.


name: MTU1_HUMAN Mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase 1 (sprot)

description: A mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MRM2_HUMAN rRNA methyltransferase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An rRNA methyltransferase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MRM1_HUMAN rRNA methyltransferase 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An rRNA methyltransferase 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MRM3_HUMAN rRNA methyltransferase 3, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An rRNA methyltransferase 3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NSUN4_HUMAN 5-methylcytosine rRNA methyltransferase NSUN4 (sprot)

description: A methyltransferase NSUN4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HYKK_HUMAN Hydroxylysine kinase (sprot)

An aminoglycoside phosphotransferase domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: BCKD_HUMAN Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (sprot)

description: A branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: KITM_HUMAN Thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HTD2_HUMAN Hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: S27A3_HUMAN Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 3 (sprot)

description: A long-chain fatty acid transport protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACSF3_HUMAN Malonate--CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A malonate--CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACD10_HUMAN Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 10 (sprot)

description: An acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACSF2_HUMAN Medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase ACSF2, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase ACSF2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: FABD_HUMAN Malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: D2HDH_HUMAN D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: KAD3_HUMAN GTP:AMP phosphotransferase AK3, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A GTP:AMP phosphotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACOT2_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACSM1_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM1, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACOT9_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


tricarboxylic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


aspartate transamidation

description: The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group.


NADH

A coenzyme found in all living cells; consists of two nucleotides joined through their 5'-phosphate groups, with one nucleotide containing an adenine base and the other containing nicotinamide.


optic vesicle elongation

description: The developmental growth that results in the lengthening of the optic vesicle in the posterior direction.


notochordal sheath cell

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Notochordal cell that is part of the outer epithelium of the notochord and surrounds the vacuolated notochord cells.


endosome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.


name: positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.


name: aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH.


cellular aldehyde metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells.


name: positive regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.


name: positive regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


regulation of mitotic spindle assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle assembly.


spindle pole

description: Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


regulation of nucleus organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization.


name: negative regulation of protein localization to nucleolus

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.


name: regulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body.


name: regulation of protein localization to nucleolus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.


name: positive regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to spindle pole body.


name: protein localization to spindle pole body

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the spindle pole body.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


name: FSP1_HUMAN Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (sprot)

description: A ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: AL3B2_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2 (sprot)

description: An aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: FAAH2_HUMAN Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 2 (sprot)

description: A fatty-acid amide hydrolase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cartilage condensation

description: The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.


Myo2p-Vac17p-Vac8p transport complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in transport of vacuoles to a newly formed daughter cell. In yeast, this complex is composed of Myo2p, Vac17p, and Vac8p.


nucleus-vacuole junction assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ), membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p. The NVJ plays roles in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus and in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway.


vacuole fusion, non-autophagic

description: The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.


Cvt vesicle assembly

description: A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).


vacuole-isolation membrane contact site

description: An organelle membrane contact site formed at the junction of the vacuolar membrane and the isolation membrane or phagophore in response to starvation or other stresses, leading to the formation of the autophagosome.


zymogen activation

description: The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.


mannose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.


microlipophagy

description: Degradation of a lipid droplet by microautophagy.


vacuolar lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.


nucleotide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


mitochondrial DNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitochondrial DNA.


male pronucleus

description: The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.


DNA-templated DNA replication

description: A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.


name: regulation of translation by machinery localization

description: Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


name: embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.


epithelial tube formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube.


name: microtubule organizing center localization

description: Any process in which the microtubule organizing center is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


external side of apical plasma membrane

description: The leaflet the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


copper ion import

description: The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle.


name: biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.


hypoxanthine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


xanthine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


sphingosine 1-phosphate

A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1


dihydrosphingosine

A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.


dihydroceramide

An N-acylsphingoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any dihydrosphingoid base.


sphingosine

A sphing-4-enine in which the double bond is trans.


regulation of smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


insulin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.


suppression by virus of host autophagy

description: Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.


name: positive regulation of endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


kit ligand isoform 1 (human)

A kit ligand isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIPL_HUMAN Lipoprotein lipase (sprot)

A lipoprotein lipase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ZEP3_HUMAN Transcription factor HIVEP3 (sprot)

description: A transcription factor HIVEP3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HDBP1_HUMAN Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (sprot)

description: A glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OAZ2_HUMAN Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 (sprot)

description: An ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OAZ1_HUMAN Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 (sprot)

description: An ornithine decarboxylase antizyme that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OAZ3_HUMAN Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3 (sprot)

description: An ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MBTP1_MOUSE Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease (sprot)

description: A membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: negative regulation of stress granule assembly

description: Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of stress-granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


An organic anionic group that is the conjugate base of 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic anionic group that is the conjugate base of 5-taurinomethyluridine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at pH 7.3.


name: regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homoserine biosynthetic process.


serine palmitoyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that catalyses the condensation of L-serine with palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine, the sphingoid base which is the starting point for all sphingolipids. In bacteria the enzyme is a cytoplasmic homodimer, whereas in eukaryotes the enzyme is a multiprotein complex localised to the endoplasmic reticulum. The eukaryotic complex consists of catalytic components (SPTLC1, SPTLC2 and SPTLC3 in humans; LCB1 and LCB2 in S. cerevisiae) and regulatory components, which include activators (SPTSSA/SPTSSB in humans, TSC3 in S. cerevisiae) and negative regulators (ORMDL1/ORMDL2/ORMDL3 in humans, ORM1/2 in S. cerevisiae ).


ceramide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.


sphinganine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


sphingosine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


name: beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 isoform 2 (mouse)

description: A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: B4GT2_HUMAN Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 (sprot)

description: A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: B4GT4_HUMAN Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 (sprot)

description: A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.


name: sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA, e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.


name: leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


circadian behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.


name: somatotropin secreting cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


hypophysis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


name: TMIG1_MOUSE Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

description: A transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

description: A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).


single fate stem cell

description: A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type.


name: nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha isoform 2 (mouse)

description: A nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


telencephalon lateral wall

description: Multi-tissue structure forming the sides of the lumen of the telencephalic region of the neural tube.


paraventricular nucleus of thalamus

description: The nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami and nuclues paraventricularis posterior thalami, two of the nuclei mediani thalami; they are situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus, juxtaposed to the third ventricle.


mechanoreceptor cell

description: A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.


neuronal receptor cell

description: Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception.


mesenchymal cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.


name: serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4 isoform h3 (human)

description: A serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96J92-3.


sphingoid long-chain base transport

description: The directed movement of a sphingoid long-chain base, sometimes referred to as long-chain base, or sphingoid base, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sphingoid long-chain bases are long-chain aliphatic amines that are the fundamental building blocks of sphingolipids. The main mammalian sphingoid long-chain bases are dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine, while dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine are the main sphingoid long-chain bases in yeast.


name: EPC1_HUMAN Enhancer of polycomb homolog 1 (sprot)

description: An enhancer of polycomb homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: APAF_HUMAN Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (sprot)

description: An apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: E2F1_HUMAN Transcription factor E2F1 (sprot)

description: A transcription factor E2F1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RBBP4_HUMAN Histone-binding protein RBBP4 (sprot)

description: A histone-binding protein RBBP4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TFDP2_HUMAN Transcription factor Dp-2 (sprot)

description: A transcription factor Dp-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CDC7_HUMAN Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase (sprot)

description: A cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TFDP1_HUMAN Transcription factor Dp-1 (sprot)

description: A transcription factor Dp-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UXT_HUMAN Protein UXT (sprot)

A protein UXT that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PCGF6_HUMAN Polycomb group RING finger protein 6 (sprot)

description: A Polycomb group RING finger protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RING1_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1 (sprot)

description: An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RING2_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2 (sprot)

description: An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


melanosome localization

description: Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


positive regulation of strand invasion

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.


name: positive regulation of protein sumoylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


name: negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


male germ-line sex determination

description: The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.


female germ-line sex determination

description: The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a female organism's germ line.


name: regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


name: negative regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


name: negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


name: positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


cellular response to ionizing radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


name: regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis.


name: regulation of striated muscle tissue development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


regulation of enamel mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


name: positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


positive regulation of odontogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


name: branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching

description: The developmental growth process in which a branch of a mammary gland duct elongates.


name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation

description: The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


name: TGFR2_MOUSE TGF-beta receptor type-2 (sprot)

description: A TGF-beta receptor type-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Langerhans cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.


cranial nerve formation

description: The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


cerebellum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


name: negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


melanosome lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the melanosome membrane.


keto-phenylpyruvate

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of keto-phenylpyruvic acid.


3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3. It has been found in Lycopersicon esculentum


name: inositol phosphoceramide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphoceramides, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group.


N-acylsphinganine

A ceramide consisting of sphinganine in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a fatty acyl group.


N-acylphytosphingosine

A ceramide that is phytosphingosine having a fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


name: sphingolipid Delta(4)-desaturase/C4-hydroxylase DES2 isoform 1 (mouse)

description: A sphingolipid Delta(4)-desaturase/C4-monooxygenase DES2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.


alveolar lamellar body membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an alveolar lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in type II pneumocytes and involved in the synthesis, secretion, and reutilization of pulmonary surfactant.


ganglioside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


integrin alpha7-beta1 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


name: regulation of memory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


amelogenesis

description: The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.


ITB6_HUMAN Integrin beta-6 (sprot)

An integrin beta-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cold acclimation

description: Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.


fibroblast of cardiac tissue

description: A fibroblast that is part of the heart.


proteasome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.


name: proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)

description: The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.


name: regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

description: Any process that modulates blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


lysophospholipid transport

description: The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


name: negative regulation of DNA recombination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.


response to copper ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


regulation of tubulin deacetylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. Tubulin deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid.


name: positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction.


name: TNR4_MOUSE Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (sprot)

description: A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cortical endoplasmic reticulum

description: A cortical network of highly dynamic tubules that are juxtaposed to the plasma membrane and undergo ring closure and tubule-branching movements.


host cell viral assembly compartment

description: A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of the host cell, in which virus assembly takes place.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


myosin I tail binding

description: Binding to the tail region of a myosin I heavy chain.


name: mitochondrial magnesium ion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a magnesium ion (Mg2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


kinetochore assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


zeta DNA polymerase complex

description: A heterodimeric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes error-prone DNA synthesis in contexts such as translesion synthesis and double-stranded break repair. First characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are Rev3p and Rev7p; a third protein, Rev1p, is often associated with the polymerase dimer.


delta DNA polymerase complex

description: A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.


DNA replication, removal of RNA primer

description: Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.


leading strand elongation

description: The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.


lagging strand elongation

description: The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended in a net 3' to 5' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork.


name: single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process

description: A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand.


name: MD2L2_HUMAN Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B (sprot)

description: A mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: REV3L_HUMAN DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit (sprot)

description: A DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


cloaca development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates.


regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


single-stranded DNA helicase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.


regulation of DNA repair

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.


name: DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing

description: The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand.


name: basic amino acid transmembrane import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of basic amino acids into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


name: vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

description: The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.


Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex

description: A heterodimer GTPase complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains Gtr1p and Gtr2p proteins.


name: protein localization to vacuolar membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a vacuolar membrane.


microautophagy

description: A type of autophagy where cytosolic components are ingested by late endosomes, lysosomes or yeast-type lytic vacuoles by direct invagination of the compartment membrane without prior sequestration into an autophagosome. The engulfing membranes fuse, resulting in the lysosomal delivery of the cargo wrapped in a single membrane derived from the invaginated lysosomal membrane.


iron ion transport

description: The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


proteasome storage granule assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a proteasome storage granule.


name: cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cobalt (Co2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


cobalt ion transport

description: The directed movement of cobalt (Co2+) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: ATPase-coupled monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monocarboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + monocarboxylic acid(in/out).


polyphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


name: diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


name: ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutathione S-conjugate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + glutathione S-conjugate(out).


bilirubin transport

description: The directed movement of bilirubin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: cysteine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: glutamate:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in).


cellular response to cocaine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.


name: monoatomic anion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a monoatomic anion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


name: SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein 2 isoform 1 (mouse)

description: An SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein 2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


intracellular glutamate homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glutamate within a cell.


cellular response to mercury ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


caveolin-mediated endocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.


synaptotagmin-8 isoform 1 (mouse)

A synaptotagmin-8 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9R0N6-1.


Sec61 translocon complex

description: A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.


name: cotranslational protein targeting to membrane

description: The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria.


aspartate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which aspartate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


glutamate binding

description: Binding to glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


amino acid binding

description: Binding to an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


response to antibiotic

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


name: positive regulation of synaptic transmission

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.


NAD transport

description: The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


name: methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.


forebrain astrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


cochlea

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The spiral-shaped bony canal in the inner ear containing the hair cells that transduce sound. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. [WP,modified].


vitamin A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.


retinal metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


beta-carotene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-carotene.


xanthophyll metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.


name: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


name: CEACAM1b-4, signal peptide removed N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

description: A CEACAM1b-4 (mouse) that has had the signal peptide removed and that includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine.


astrocyte projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from the soma of an astrocyte and wrapping around neurons.


name: regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


name: regulation of cysteine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine metabolic process.


name: regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of glutamate metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.


glutathione transmembrane transport

description: A process in which glutathione is transported across a membrane.


response to redox state

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


name: regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


dipeptide import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of a dipeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


clathrin-dependent endocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.


name: positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


sequestering of calcium ion

description: The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


90S preribosome

description: A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


ribosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits.


ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of a ribosomal subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


maturation of SSU-rRNA

description: Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.


ribosomal small subunit assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.


hyperosmotic response

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


name: RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex assembly

description: The formation of a large multiprotein-DNA complex that self-assembles on a tRNA gene through the sequential recruitment of the general initiation factors that compose the preinitiation complex (PIC), (which includes BDP1, BRF1, TBP, TFIIIC in human). The PIC engages RNA polymerase III on its DNA template strand and sparks polymerization of the first few RNA nucleotides.


name: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.


name: negative regulation of ascospore formation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


Ctf18 RFC-like complex

description: A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p.


name: maintenance of DNA trinucleotide repeats

description: Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA trinucleotide repeats. DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs.


telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

description: The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery.


histone pre-mRNA stem-loop binding

description: Binding to a conserved stem-loop structure found in histone pre-mRNAs.


name: RecQ family helicase-topoisomerase III complex

description: A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue (a member of the topoisomerase type IA subfamily); may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.


name: regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


name: meiotic DNA double-strand break processing

description: The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.


gene conversion at mating-type locus

description: The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.


telomeric 3' overhang formation

description: The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans.


name: negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.


regulation of DNA recombination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents.


patulin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin, an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species that shows antimicrobial properties against several bacteria.


mycophenolic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA is the first isolated antibiotic natural product in the world obtained from a culture of Penicillium brevicompactum in 1893.


ilicicolin H biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ilicicolin H, a 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloid that has potent and broad antifungal activities by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiration chain.


(M)-viriditoxin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (M)-viriditoxin, a fungal secondary metabolite with antibacterial activity.


novofumigatonin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety.


name: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase activity (NAD(P)H)

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-demethylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


fungal-type vacuole lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


This is compound 5 in pmid:31045362


phyllostine

An epoxide resulting from epoxidation of the 5-6 double bond of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (the 5S,6R enantiomer).


GENTISYL ALCOHOL

An aromatic primary alcohol that is benzyl alcohol substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5.


(+)-isoepoxydon

A cyclic ketone that is (-)-phyllostine in which the carbonyl group which is furthest from the hydroxymethyl substituent has been formally reduced to give the corresponding secondary alcohol with S configuration. A metabolite of the patulin pathway in Penicillium urticae.


(E)-ascladiol

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4 and a 2-hydroxyethylidene group at position 5 (the 5E isomer). A direct precursor of patulin in cell-free preparations of Penicillium urticae patulin-minus mutants J1 and S11, but not S15.


ARSB_HUMAN Arylsulfatase B (sprot)

An arylsulfatase B that is encoded in the genome of human.


is_a CHEBI:65055 is_a CHEBI:74241


An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-2,6-epoxyanthra[2,3-b]oxocine-8,13-dione substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at positions 7, 9 and 11 by hydroxy groups (the S,S-diastereomer)


versicolorin B

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,12a-tetrahydroanthra[2,3-b]furo[3,2-d]furan-5,10-dione carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 6 and 8.


This is compound 6 in pmid:31045362


semiviriditoxin

A naphthopyran that is 3,4-dihydro-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1-one which is substituted by a 2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl group at position 3, a methoxy group at position 7, and hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 10 (the 3S enantiomer). It is produced by the fungus Paecilomyces variotii, isolated from the larvae of the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae. The biological precursor of viriditoxin.


asnovolin K

A meroterpenoid with formula C26H36O6 isolated from the fungus Aspergillus novofumigatus. It is an intermediate produced in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the synthesis of novofumigatonin.


asnovolin J

A meroterpenoid with formula C26H38O5 isolated from the fungus Aspergillus novofumigatus. It is an intermediate produced in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the synthesis of novofumigatonin.


A hydroperoxy fatty acid that is (5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-5,7,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid carrying a hydroperoxy group at the 4S-position and a hydroxy group at the 17S-position.


A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is docosahexaenoic acid carrying a hydroperoxy substituent at 7S-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 17S-position


A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoic acid that is (8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosapentaenooic acid carrying two hydroperoxy substituents at positions 7 and 17. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A docosanoid that is (4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying two hydroperoxy substituents at the 7S- and 17S-positions.


STS_HUMAN Steryl-sulfatase (sprot)

A steryl-sulfatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSD_HUMAN Arylsulfatase D (sprot)

An arylsulfatase D that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSL_HUMAN Arylsulfatase L (sprot)

An arylsulfatase L that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSF_HUMAN Arylsulfatase F (sprot)

An arylsulfatase F that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSH_HUMAN Arylsulfatase H (sprot)

An arylsulfatase H that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSJ_HUMAN Arylsulfatase J (sprot)

An arylsulfatase J that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSI_HUMAN Arylsulfatase I (sprot)

An arylsulfatase I that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSK_HUMAN Arylsulfatase K (sprot)

An arylsulfatase K that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSG_HUMAN Arylsulfatase G (sprot)

An arylsulfatase G that is encoded in the genome of human.


isopatulin

A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 an 6 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. Also known as neopatulin, it is a mycotoxic substance produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species.


versiconal hemiacetal acetate

An anthrafuran that is 2,3-dihydroanthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione substituted at positions 2, 4, 6 and 8 by hydroxy groups and at position 3 by a 2-acetoxyethyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin.


(M)-viriditoxin

A dimethyl 2,2'-(9,9',10,10'-tetrahydroxy-7,7'-dimethoxy-1,1'-dioxo-3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-[6,6'-binaphtho[2,3-c]pyran]-3,3'-diyl)diacetate  in which the the 3 and 3' positions (bearing the 2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl (CH2CO2Me) groups) both have S configuration, while the 6 and 6' positions (where the binaphthopyran units are linked) have Ra configuration (the M atropisomer). It has been isolated from the fungi Aspergillus viridinutans and the fungus Paecilomyces variotii derived from the inner tissues of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai.


asnovolin I

A meroterpenoid with formula C25H34O6 isolated from the fungus Aspergillus novofumigatus. It is an intermediate produced in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the synthesis of novofumigatonin.


A dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (DiHDPE) that is (8Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-8,10,13,15,19-pentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 17. An intermediate of specialized proresolving mediators


S-substituted glutathione(1-)

A peptide anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups and concomitant protonation of the amino group of any S-substituted glutathione. Major structure at pH 7.3


name: PATJ_PENEN Probable oxidoreductase patJ (sprot)


name: PATO_PENEN FAD-linked oxidoreductase patO (sprot)


name: ILIA_NEOS2 Hybrid PKS-NRPS synthetase iliA (sprot)


name: ILIC_NEOS2 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase iliC (sprot)


name: ICCC_TALVA Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase iccC (sprot)


name: ICCA_TALVA Hybrid PKS-NRPS synthetase iccA (sprot)


name: AFLL_ASPPU Versicolorin B desaturase (sprot)


name: ZEB1_GIBZE FAD-linked oxidoreductase ZEB1 (sprot)


name: VDTF1_BYSSP Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase VdtF (sprot)


name: VDTB1_BYSSP Multicopper oxidase VdtB (sprot)


name: NVFH_ASPN1 Chermesin D/asnovolin J monooxidase nvfH (sprot)


name: NVFC_ASPN1 Asnovolin H dehydrogenase nvfC (sprot)


name: NVFF_ASPN1 Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase nvfF (sprot)


name: NVFI_ASPN1 Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase nvfI (sprot)


name: NVFE_ASPN1 Fumigatonoid B endoperoxide isomerase nvfE (sprot)


name: NVFM_ASPN1 Asnovolin J 5',6'-dehydrogenase nvfM (sprot)


name: ILIB_NEOS2 Trans-enoyl reductase iliB (sprot)


name: AFLN_ASPPU Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase aflN (sprot)


vacuolar protein processing

description: Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes.


retrograde axonal protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform 1 (human)

description: A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.


name: regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.


UDP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.


UMP kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP.


name: PYR1_HUMAN Multifunctional protein CAD (sprot)

description: A multifunctional protein CAD that is encoded in the genome of human.


hypotonic salinity response

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


central canal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the central canal of the spinal cord from its formation to the mature structure. The central canal is a spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.


name: regulation of microtubule polymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


chondrocyte activation

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


mepyramine

An ethylenediamine derivative that is  ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.


An S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in which the dichlorovinyl group has cis- (Z-) geometry.


A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of  arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.


A member of the class of imidazoles carrying 4-methylsulfinylphenyl, 4-pyridyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively. An inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase.


A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.


GINSENOSIDE RE

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


An organic heterotricyclic compound that is [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,6]naphthyridin-3(2H)-one substituted at positions 8 and 9 respectively by 4-(1-aminocyclobutyl)phenyl and phenyl groups.


GERANYLGERANIOL

A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.


A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.


(+)-alpha-viniferin

A nine-membered macrocycle that incorporates three 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuranyl moieties as part of the cyclic skeleton. It is isolated from Caragana chamlague Lamarck and exhibits significant inhibitory effect towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7).


cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB

description: The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


name: regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

description: A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal processing and presentation of a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, some viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.


name: regulation of vesicle-mediated transport

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.


name: host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


corrinoid

A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions.